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<span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perfume" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perfume"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Perfume</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Perfume-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Perfume subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Perfume-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historical_activity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_activity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Historical activity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_activity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Modern industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perfumeries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perfumeries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Perfumeries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perfumeries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_sights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_sights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Main sights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_sights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Grasse</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 74 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-74" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">74 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="غراس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غراس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grassa" title="Grassa – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Grassa" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qras" title="Qras – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qras" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="قرس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قرس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Грас – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Грас" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Грас – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Грас" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Грас – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Грас" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grassa" title="Grassa – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Grassa" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grassa" title="Grassa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Grassa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Грас – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Грас" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Γκρας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκρας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3_(%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87)" title="گرس (فرانسه) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گرس (فرانسه)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%9D%BC%EC%8A%A4" title="그라스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="그라스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BD%D5%A5" title="Գրասսե – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գրասսե" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Грас – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Грас" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A1_(%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%AA)" title="גראס (צרפת) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גראס (צרפת)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grassa" title="Grassa – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Grassa" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasa" title="Grasa – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Grasa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasas" title="Grasas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Grasas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="جراس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جراس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="گرس – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="گرس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9" title="グラース – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グラース" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%81" title="ГгӀас – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ГгӀас" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grassa" title="Grassa – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Grassa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Грас – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Грас" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Грас – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Грас" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81" title="Грасс – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Грасс" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Buginese" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Buginese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81" title="Грасс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Грасс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3_(%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3)" title="گراس (فرانس) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گراس (فرانس)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF" title="格拉斯 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="格拉斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Grasse" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF" title="格拉斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="格拉斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q173705#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Grasse&params=43.6667_N_6.9167_E_type:city(48669)_region:FR-PAC"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°40′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">6°55′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.6667°N 6.9167°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.6667; 6.9167</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Subrefecture of Alpes-Maritimes, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Grasse_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Grasse (disambiguation)">Grasse (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Subprefecture and commune in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Grasse</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="{{{native_name_lang}}}"><span title="Occitan (post 1500)-language text"><i lang="oc">Grassa</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Subprefectures_in_France" title="Subprefectures in France">Subprefecture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">commune</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vue_de_Grasse.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A view of Grasse"><img alt="A view of Grasse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Vue_de_Grasse.jpg/270px-Vue_de_Grasse.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Vue_de_Grasse.jpg/405px-Vue_de_Grasse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Vue_de_Grasse.jpg/540px-Vue_de_Grasse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">A view of Grasse</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_fr_Grasse_(Alpes_Maritimes).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Grasse"><img alt="Coat of arms of Grasse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Blason_ville_fr_Grasse_%28Alpes_Maritimes%29.svg/73px-Blason_ville_fr_Grasse_%28Alpes_Maritimes%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="73" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Blason_ville_fr_Grasse_%28Alpes_Maritimes%29.svg/109px-Blason_ville_fr_Grasse_%28Alpes_Maritimes%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Blason_ville_fr_Grasse_%28Alpes_Maritimes%29.svg/145px-Blason_ville_fr_Grasse_%28Alpes_Maritimes%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Location of Grasse</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_4fbc8e4a2c51fd3510dcbda5575afd08efbd76dc"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Grasse&revid=1270741261&groups=_4fbc8e4a2c51fd3510dcbda5575afd08efbd76dc" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Grasse&revid=1270741261&groups=_4fbc8e4a2c51fd3510dcbda5575afd08efbd76dc 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grasse is located in France"><img alt="Grasse is located in France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/270px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/405px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/540px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1922" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:74.603%;left:80.485%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Grasse"><img alt="Grasse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Grasse</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of France</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Provence-Alpes-Cotes_d%27Azur_region_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grasse is located in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur"><img alt="Grasse is located in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Provence-Alpes-Cotes_d%27Azur_region_location_map.svg/330px-Provence-Alpes-Cotes_d%27Azur_region_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Provence-Alpes-Cotes_d%27Azur_region_location_map.svg/500px-Provence-Alpes-Cotes_d%27Azur_region_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Provence-Alpes-Cotes_d%27Azur_region_location_map.svg/540px-Provence-Alpes-Cotes_d%27Azur_region_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="514" data-file-height="456" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:65.685%;left:75.712%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Grasse"><img alt="Grasse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Grasse</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Grasse&params=43.6667_N_6.9167_E_type:city(48669)_region:FR-PAC"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°40′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">6°55′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.6667°N 6.9167°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.6667; 6.9167</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" title="Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Department</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alpes-Maritimes" title="Alpes-Maritimes">Alpes-Maritimes</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_France" title="Arrondissements of France">Arrondissement</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Grasse" title="Arrondissement of Grasse">Grasse</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_France" title="Cantons of France">Canton</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Grasse-1" title="Canton of Grasse-1">Grasse-1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Grasse-2" title="Canton of Grasse-2">2</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France#Intercommunality" title="Communes of France">Intercommunality</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9_d%27agglom%C3%A9ration_du_Pays_de_Grasse" title="Communauté d'agglomération du Pays de Grasse">CA Pays de Grasse</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2020–2026) </span></th><td class="infobox-data">Jérôme Viaud<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">LR</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup><b>1</b></sup></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">44.44 km<sup>2</sup> (17.16 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2022)<sup id="cite_ref-popref2022_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popref2022-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">48,669</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,100/km<sup>2</sup> (2,800/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/INSEE_code" title="INSEE code">INSEE</a>/Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=COM-06069">06069</a> /06130</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">80–1,061 m (262–3,481 ft) <br />(avg. 333 m or 1,093 ft)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><sup><b>1</b></sup> French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km<sup>2</sup> (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Grasse</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ɡʁas]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7al_dialect" title="Provençal dialect">Provençal</a> <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>: <i lang="oc">Grassa</i> <sub>in classical norm</sub> or <span title="Occitan (post 1500)-language text"><i lang="oc">Grasso</i></span> <sub>in <a href="/wiki/Mistralian_norm" title="Mistralian norm">Mistralian norm</a></sub> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="oc-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Occitan" title="Help:IPA/Occitan">[ˈɡɾasɔ]</a></span>; traditional <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Grassa</i>) is the only <a href="/wiki/Subprefectures_in_France" title="Subprefectures in France">subprefecture</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Alpes-Maritimes" title="Alpes-Maritimes">Alpes-Maritimes</a> <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">department</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te-d%27Azur" class="mw-redirect" title="Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur">Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur</a> <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">region</a> on the <a href="/wiki/French_Riviera" title="French Riviera">French Riviera</a>. In 2017, the <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">commune</a> had a population of 50,396. </p><p>Considered the world's capital of <a href="/wiki/Perfume" title="Perfume">perfume</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grasse obtained two flowers in the <i><a href="/wiki/Concours_des_villes_et_villages_fleuris" title="Concours des villes et villages fleuris">Concours des villes et villages fleuris</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was made <i>Ville d'Art et d'Histoire</i> (City of Art and History).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Festivals">Festivals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grasse&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is an annual <i>Fête du Jasmin</i> or <i>La Jasminade</i>, at the beginning of August. The first festival was on August 3–4, 1946. Decorated <a href="/wiki/Float_(parade)" title="Float (parade)">floats</a> drive through the town, with young women in skimpy costumes on board, throwing flowers into the crowd. Garlands of jasmine decorate the town centre, and the fire department fills a fire truck with jasmine-infused water to spray on the crowds.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are fireworks, free parties, <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk music</a> groups and street performers. There is also an annual international exhibition of roses ("Expo Rose") held in May each year.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grasse&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Grasse_station" title="Grasse station">Grasse station</a> offers railway connections with <a href="/wiki/Cannes" title="Cannes">Cannes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ventimiglia,_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ventimiglia, Italy">Ventimiglia</a>. From 1909 to 1938, the town centre was connected to the railway station by the <a href="/wiki/Grasse_Funicular" title="Grasse Funicular">Grasse Funicular</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Perfume">Perfume</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grasse&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Perfume"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grasse_-_Parfumeur.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Grasse_-_Parfumeur.JPG/250px-Grasse_-_Parfumeur.JPG" decoding="async" width="185" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Grasse_-_Parfumeur.JPG/330px-Grasse_-_Parfumeur.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Grasse_-_Parfumeur.JPG/500px-Grasse_-_Parfumeur.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>Bronze Parfumeur</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parfumerie_Bruno_Court_1923.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Parfumerie_Bruno_Court_1923.jpg/220px-Parfumerie_Bruno_Court_1923.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Parfumerie_Bruno_Court_1923.jpg/330px-Parfumerie_Bruno_Court_1923.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Parfumerie_Bruno_Court_1923.jpg/440px-Parfumerie_Bruno_Court_1923.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4215" data-file-height="2691" /></a><figcaption>Share of the S. A. de la Parfumerie Bruno Court, issued 1 January 1923</figcaption></figure> <p>Grasse has had a prospering perfume industry since the end of the 18th century. Grasse is the centre of the French perfume industry and is known as the world's perfume capital (<i>la capitale mondiale des parfums</i>). Many "noses" (or, in French, "les nez" (plural)/"le nez" (singular)) are trained or have spent time in Grasse to distinguish over 2,000 kinds of scents. Grasse produces over two-thirds of France's natural aromas (for perfume and for food flavourings). This industry turns over more than 600 million euros a year. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Grasse's particular <a href="/wiki/Microclimate" title="Microclimate">microclimate</a> encouraged the flower farming industry. It is warm and sufficiently inland to be sheltered from the sea air. There is an abundance of water, thanks to its location in the hills and the 1860 construction of the <a href="/wiki/Siagne" title="Siagne">Siagne</a> canal for <a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">irrigation</a> purposes. The town is 350 m (1,148.29 ft) <a href="/wiki/Above_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above mean sea level">above sea level</a> and 20 km (12 mi) from the coast (<a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" class="mw-redirect" title="Côte d'Azur">Côte d'Azur</a>). <a href="/wiki/Jasmine" title="Jasmine">Jasmine</a>, a key ingredient of many perfumes, was brought to southern France by the <a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">Moors</a> in the 16th century. Twenty-seven tonnes of jasmine are now harvested in Grasse annually. There are numerous old 'parfumeries' in Grasse, such as <a href="/wiki/Galimard" title="Galimard">Galimard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molinard" title="Molinard">Molinard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fragonard_(fragrance)" title="Fragonard (fragrance)">Fragonard</a>, each with tours and a museum. </p><p>The trade in <a href="/wiki/Leather" title="Leather">leather</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tanning_(leather)" title="Tanning (leather)">tanning</a> work developed during the twelfth century around the small canal that runs through the city. This activity produced a strong unpleasant odour. At the time of the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> perfume manufacturers began production of gloves, handbags and belt (clothing), to meet the new fashion from Italy with the entourage of Queen <a href="/wiki/Catherine_de_Medici" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine de Medici">Catherine de Medici</a>. </p><p>The countryside around the city began to grow fields of flowers, offering new scents from the city. In 1614, the king recognized the new corporation of "glovers perfumers". In the middle of the eighteenth century, the perfumery was experiencing a very important development. Leading companies dating from this period includes the oldest French perfumerie, and third oldest parfumerie in Europe, <a href="/wiki/Galimard" title="Galimard">Galimard</a> established in 1747. Introduction of new production methods turned perfume making into a real industry that could adapt to new market demands.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the nineteenth century, the raw materials began to be imported from abroad. During the twentieth century the creation of synthetic products brought the democratization and affordability of perfumes and their spin-offs; (<a href="/wiki/Shampoos" class="mw-redirect" title="Shampoos">shampoos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deodorants" class="mw-redirect" title="Deodorants">deodorants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cream_(pharmaceutical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cream (pharmaceutical)">cream (pharmaceutical)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Detergents" class="mw-redirect" title="Detergents">detergents</a>, food flavouring for cookies, ice cream and dairy products, beverages, <a href="/wiki/Convenience_food" title="Convenience food">convenience foods</a>, <a href="/wiki/Confectionery" title="Confectionery">confectionery</a>, preserves and syrups). In 1905, six hundred tons of flowers were harvested while in the 1940s, five thousand tons were produced annually. However, in early 2000, production was less than 30 tons for all flowers combined. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_activity">Historical activity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grasse&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Historical activity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, Grasse specialised in leather tanning. Once tanned, the hides were often exported to <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pisa" title="Pisa">Pisa</a>, cities that shared a commercial alliance with Grasse. Several centuries of this intense activity witnessed many technological advances within tanning industries. The hides of Grasse acquired a reputation for high quality. But the leather smelled bad, something that did not please the glove wearing <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobility</a>. This is when Jean de <a href="/wiki/Galimard" title="Galimard">Galimard</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Tanner_(occupation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanner (occupation)">tanner</a> in Grasse, came up with the idea of scented leather gloves. He offered a pair of scented gloves to <a href="/wiki/Catherine_de%27_Medici" title="Catherine de' Medici">Catherine de' Medici</a>, who was seduced by the gift. Thereafter, the product spread through the Royal Court and high society, and this made a worldwide reputation for Grasse. The seventeenth century became the heyday of "Glovers Perfumers"; however, high taxes on leather and competition from <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a> brought a decline for the leather industry in Grasse, and production of leather <a href="/wiki/Fragrance" class="mw-redirect" title="Fragrance">fragrance</a> ceased. The rare scents from the Grasse (<a href="/wiki/Lavender" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavender">lavender</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myrtaceae" title="Myrtaceae">myrtle</a>, jasmine, <a href="/wiki/Rose" title="Rose">rose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orange_blossom" title="Orange blossom">orange blossom</a> and wild <a href="/wiki/Mimosa" title="Mimosa">mimosa</a>) did win the title for the Grasse as the perfume capital of the world. Harvesting jasmine was a labour-intensive business only a few decades ago. Flowers had to be hand picked at dawn, when their scent is the most developed and immediately to be treated by cold <a href="/wiki/Enfleurage" title="Enfleurage">enfleurage</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="No sources listed, though the existing citations might cover this. (September 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_industry">Modern industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grasse&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Modern industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fragonard_-_PARFUMEUR_Parfums_Diamant.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Fragonard_-_PARFUMEUR_Parfums_Diamant.jpg/114px-Fragonard_-_PARFUMEUR_Parfums_Diamant.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Fragonard_-_PARFUMEUR_Parfums_Diamant.jpg/171px-Fragonard_-_PARFUMEUR_Parfums_Diamant.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Fragonard_-_PARFUMEUR_Parfums_Diamant.jpg/228px-Fragonard_-_PARFUMEUR_Parfums_Diamant.jpg 2x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="1546" /></a><figcaption>Fragonard Diamant</figcaption></figure> <p>A network of sixty companies employs 3,500 people in the city and surrounding area. Additionally, about 10,000 residents of Grasse are indirectly employed by the perfume industry. Almost half of the <a href="/wiki/Business_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Business tax">business tax</a> for the city comes from the perfume sector and that is ahead of tourism and services. The main activity of perfumery in Grasse is in the production of natural raw materials (<a href="/wiki/Essential_oils" class="mw-redirect" title="Essential oils">essential oils</a>, <a href="/wiki/Concrete_(extraction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Concrete (extraction)">concretes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Absolute_(fragrance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute (fragrance)">absolutes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Resinoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Resinoid">resinoids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Molecular_distillation" title="Molecular distillation">molecular distillation</a>) and the production of concentrate, also called the juice. A concentrate is the main product that when diluted in at least 80% alcohol provides a perfume. Also, food flavourings, which have developed since the 1970s, account for over half of production output today. </p><p>This represents almost half of the production of French perfumes and aromas and around 7-8% of total global activity. However, during the 1960s and 1970s large international groups gradually bought up local family factories (Chiris, <a href="/wiki/Givaudan" title="Givaudan">Givaudan-Roure</a> and Lautier, for example). Soon after their production was often relocated overseas. Just 30 years ago most companies were focused on the production of raw materials. However, an overwhelming majority of the modern fragrances contain synthetic chemicals in part or in whole. Grasse perfume companies have therefore adapted by turning to aromatic synthesis and especially to food flavourings and successfully ended a long stagnation. The Grasse perfume industry cannot compete against large chemical multinationals, but it benefits greatly from the advantage of its knowledge of raw materials, facilities, contractors, etc. In addition, major brands such as <a href="/wiki/Dior" title="Dior">Dior</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chanel" title="Chanel">Chanel</a> have their own plantations of roses and jasmine in the vicinity of Grasse.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="No sources listed, though the existing citations might cover this. (September 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perfumeries">Perfumeries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grasse&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Perfumeries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Three perfumeries, Fragonard, Molinard and Galimard opened their doors to the public and offer free tours that explain the processes of producing a perfume. It is possible to create one's own perfume, eau de perfume or <a href="/wiki/Eau_de_toilette" title="Eau de toilette">eau de toilette</a> and participate in all stages of manufacture from picking flowers to bottling. </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Galimard" title="Galimard">Galimard</a> Perfumery</b>, established in 1747 by Jean de Galimard, provided the Royal Court with ointments and perfumes. It is the third oldest perfume company in the world after <a href="/wiki/Johann_Maria_Farina_gegen%C3%BCber_dem_J%C3%BClichs-Platz" title="Johann Maria Farina gegenüber dem Jülichs-Platz">Farina gegenüber</a> and <a href="/wiki/Floris_of_London" title="Floris of London">Floris of London</a> and was revived after the war by Gaston de Fontmichel and Joseph Roux.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Molinard" title="Molinard">Molinard</a></b> was established in 1849 and their perfume bottles were made of <a href="/wiki/Baccarat_(company)" title="Baccarat (company)">Baccarat</a> <a href="/wiki/Lead_glass" title="Lead glass">crystal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lalique" title="Lalique">Lalique</a> glass. Clients can create their own personalised perfume during the Tarinology fragrance course workshop.</li> <li>The <b><a href="/wiki/Fragonard_(fragrance)" title="Fragonard (fragrance)">Fragonard</a> Perfumery</b> was established in 1926 in one of the oldest factories in the city. Its museum <a href="/w/index.php?title=Villa_Mus%C3%A9e_Fragonard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Villa Musée Fragonard (page does not exist)">Villa Musée Fragonard</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa_Fragonard" class="extiw" title="fr:Villa Fragonard">fr</a>]</span> displays rare objects that explain the history of perfumery, covering 5,000 years.</li> <li><b>International Perfume Museum</b>. Opened in 1989, the museum traces the evolution of techniques during the 5,000-year history of perfumery and the large contribution of the Grasse area to perfume making. It was renovated and expanded (doubling in size) between 2007 and 2008.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="No sources listed, though the existing citations might cover this. (September 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><b>Perfume Art Creation</b>, perfumed art-producing company combining authentic fragrances from Grasse, and an <a href="/wiki/Art_gallery" title="Art gallery">art gallery</a> based in <a href="/wiki/Zollikon" title="Zollikon">Zollikerberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>. Its fragrance-infused artworks and paintings are the copyright concept of Perfume Art Creation, which allows the viewer visually to explore the artwork, to smell it, allowing for holistic stimulation of the senses. Working and creating commonly with the artists, the paintings are infused with the preferred collector's perfume and scent, and his or her individual or corporate fragrance is introduced into the art.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grasse&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:30em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr valign="top"><td style="padding:0 0.5em"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1793 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">11,604</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1800 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12,521</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.09%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1806 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12,262</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.35%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1821 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12,553</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.16%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1831 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">12,716</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.13%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1836 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12,825</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.17%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1841 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">10,906</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−3.19%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1846 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">11,676</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.37%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1851 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">11,802</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.21%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1856 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">11,764</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.06%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1861 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12,015</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.42%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1866 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12,241</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.37%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1872 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12,560</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.43%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1876 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">13,087</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.03%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1881 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">12,087</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−1.58%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1886 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12,157</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.12%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1891 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">14,015</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.89%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1896 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">15,020</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.39%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">15,429</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.54%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1906 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">20,305</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+5.65%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">19,704</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.60%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">16,923</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.51%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1926 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">19,765</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.15%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">21,027</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.25%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1936 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">20,481</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.52%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1946 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">21,217</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.35%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1954 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">22,187</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.56%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1962 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">26,258</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.13%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1968 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">30,907</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.75%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1975 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">34,579</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.62%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1982 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">37,673</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.23%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">41,388</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.18%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1999 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">43,874</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.65%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2007 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">50,257</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.71%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2012 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">51,021</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.30%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2017 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">50,396</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.25%</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000)"><div class="center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on <a class="external text" href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/charts/">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Chart" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Chart">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: EHESS<sup id="cite_ref-ehess_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ehess-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and INSEE (1968-2017)<sup id="cite_ref-pophist_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pophist-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grasse&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The town is home to <a href="/wiki/Grasse_Cathedral" title="Grasse Cathedral">Grasse Cathedral</a>, the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> former <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Grasse" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Grasse">Diocese of Grasse</a> which was headed by the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Grasse" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Grasse">Bishops of Grasse</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grasse&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The town is home to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyc%C3%A9e_Amiral-de-Grasse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycée Amiral-de-Grasse (page does not exist)">Lycée Amiral-de-Grasse</a> and since 2019 one of two seats of the higher education engineering college <a href="/w/index.php?title=ECAM-EPMI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ECAM-EPMI (page does not exist)">ECAM-EPMI</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grasse&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/RC_Grasse" title="RC Grasse">RC Grasse</a> is the local <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> club, whereas <a href="/w/index.php?title=RO_Grasse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RO Grasse (page does not exist)">RO Grasse</a> the local <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a> club. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grasse&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The town is the setting in the final chapters of the novel <i><a href="/wiki/Perfume_(novel)" title="Perfume (novel)">Perfume</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Patrick_S%C3%BCskind" title="Patrick Süskind">Patrick Süskind</a>. It was featured in the film based on the novel <a href="/wiki/Perfume:_The_Story_of_a_Murderer_(film)" title="Perfume: The Story of a Murderer (film)"><i>Perfume: The Story of a Murderer</i></a> (2006). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_sights">Main sights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grasse&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Main sights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Three perfume factories offer daily tours and demonstrations, which draw in many of the region's visitors. In addition to the perfumeries, Grasse's other main attraction is the Cathedral, dedicated to Notre Dame du Puy and founded in the 11th century. In the interior, are three works by <a href="/wiki/Rubens" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubens">Rubens</a> and one by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Honor%C3%A9_Fragonard" title="Jean-Honoré Fragonard">Jean-Honoré Fragonard</a>, the French painter native of the town.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grasse_-_Parfumerie_3.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Grasse – Parfumerie"><img alt="Grasse – Parfumerie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Grasse_-_Parfumerie_3.JPG/90px-Grasse_-_Parfumerie_3.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Grasse_-_Parfumerie_3.JPG/135px-Grasse_-_Parfumerie_3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Grasse_-_Parfumerie_3.JPG/180px-Grasse_-_Parfumerie_3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Grasse – Parfumerie </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grasse,_Parfumerie_Molinard.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Parfumerie Molinard"><img alt="Parfumerie Molinard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Grasse%2C_Parfumerie_Molinard.jpg/120px-Grasse%2C_Parfumerie_Molinard.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Grasse%2C_Parfumerie_Molinard.jpg/250px-Grasse%2C_Parfumerie_Molinard.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1288" data-file-height="834" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Parfumerie <a href="/wiki/Molinard" title="Molinard">Molinard</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Napoleon_Memorial,_Grasse,_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur,_France_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Napoleon Memorial"><img alt="Napoleon Memorial" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Napoleon_Memorial%2C_Grasse%2C_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur%2C_France_-_panoramio.jpg/120px-Napoleon_Memorial%2C_Grasse%2C_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur%2C_France_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Napoleon_Memorial%2C_Grasse%2C_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur%2C_France_-_panoramio.jpg/250px-Napoleon_Memorial%2C_Grasse%2C_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur%2C_France_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Napoleon Memorial</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fleur_de_jasmin.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Fleur de jasmin"><img alt="Fleur de jasmin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Fleur_de_jasmin.JPG/120px-Fleur_de_jasmin.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Fleur_de_jasmin.JPG/180px-Fleur_de_jasmin.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Fleur_de_jasmin.JPG/240px-Fleur_de_jasmin.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fleur de jasmin</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:France-002804_-_Blessed_Sacrament_chapel_(15816473130).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Blessed Sacrament chapel"><img alt="Blessed Sacrament chapel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/France-002804_-_Blessed_Sacrament_chapel_%2815816473130%29.jpg/80px-France-002804_-_Blessed_Sacrament_chapel_%2815816473130%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/France-002804_-_Blessed_Sacrament_chapel_%2815816473130%29.jpg/120px-France-002804_-_Blessed_Sacrament_chapel_%2815816473130%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/France-002804_-_Blessed_Sacrament_chapel_%2815816473130%29.jpg/160px-France-002804_-_Blessed_Sacrament_chapel_%2815816473130%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Blessed Sacrament chapel</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Villa_Mus%C3%A9e_Fragonard.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Villa Musée Fragonard [fr]"><img alt="Villa Musée Fragonard [fr]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Villa_Mus%C3%A9e_Fragonard.jpg/120px-Villa_Mus%C3%A9e_Fragonard.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Villa_Mus%C3%A9e_Fragonard.jpg/180px-Villa_Mus%C3%A9e_Fragonard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Villa_Mus%C3%A9e_Fragonard.jpg/240px-Villa_Mus%C3%A9e_Fragonard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Villa_Mus%C3%A9e_Fragonard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Villa Musée Fragonard (page does not exist)">Villa Musée Fragonard</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa_Fragonard" class="extiw" title="fr:Villa Fragonard">fr</a>]</span></div> </li> </ul> <p>Other sights include: </p> <ul><li>Saracen Tower, standing at 30m.</li> <li>Monumental gate of the <i><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Grasse" title="Hôtel de Ville, Grasse">Hôtel de Ville</a></i> (town hall)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>International Museum of Perfume</li> <li><i>Musée d'Art et d'Histoire de Provence</i></li> <li>Church of Plascassier, built in 1644</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Portal_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Monumental gate of the Hôtel de Ville"><img alt="Monumental gate of the Hôtel de Ville" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/The_Portal_-_panoramio.jpg/90px-The_Portal_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/The_Portal_-_panoramio.jpg/135px-The_Portal_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/The_Portal_-_panoramio.jpg/180px-The_Portal_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Monumental gate of the <i><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Grasse" title="Hôtel de Ville, Grasse">Hôtel de Ville</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:18_rue_Amiral_de_Grasse_Entree_de_l%27Hotel_Court_de_Fontmichel.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Hotel Court de Fontmichel"><img alt="Hotel Court de Fontmichel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/18_rue_Amiral_de_Grasse_Entree_de_l%27Hotel_Court_de_Fontmichel.JPG/90px-18_rue_Amiral_de_Grasse_Entree_de_l%27Hotel_Court_de_Fontmichel.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/18_rue_Amiral_de_Grasse_Entree_de_l%27Hotel_Court_de_Fontmichel.JPG/135px-18_rue_Amiral_de_Grasse_Entree_de_l%27Hotel_Court_de_Fontmichel.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/18_rue_Amiral_de_Grasse_Entree_de_l%27Hotel_Court_de_Fontmichel.JPG/180px-18_rue_Amiral_de_Grasse_Entree_de_l%27Hotel_Court_de_Fontmichel.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Hotel Court de Fontmichel</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grasse_palais_des_congr%C3%A8s2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palais des congrès"><img alt="Palais des congrès" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Grasse_palais_des_congr%C3%A8s2.jpg/120px-Grasse_palais_des_congr%C3%A8s2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Grasse_palais_des_congr%C3%A8s2.jpg/180px-Grasse_palais_des_congr%C3%A8s2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Grasse_palais_des_congr%C3%A8s2.jpg/240px-Grasse_palais_des_congr%C3%A8s2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Palais des congrès</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Boulevard_du_Jeu_de_Ballon,_Grasse,_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur,_France_-_panoramio_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Boulevard du Jeu de Ballon"><img alt="Boulevard du Jeu de Ballon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Boulevard_du_Jeu_de_Ballon%2C_Grasse%2C_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur%2C_France_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/120px-Boulevard_du_Jeu_de_Ballon%2C_Grasse%2C_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur%2C_France_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Boulevard_du_Jeu_de_Ballon%2C_Grasse%2C_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur%2C_France_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/180px-Boulevard_du_Jeu_de_Ballon%2C_Grasse%2C_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur%2C_France_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Boulevard_du_Jeu_de_Ballon%2C_Grasse%2C_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur%2C_France_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/240px-Boulevard_du_Jeu_de_Ballon%2C_Grasse%2C_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur%2C_France_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Boulevard du Jeu de Ballon</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:France-002835_-_Place_aux_Aires_(people)_(16004140382).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Place aux Aires"><img alt="Place aux Aires" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/France-002835_-_Place_aux_Aires_%28people%29_%2816004140382%29.jpg/120px-France-002835_-_Place_aux_Aires_%28people%29_%2816004140382%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/France-002835_-_Place_aux_Aires_%28people%29_%2816004140382%29.jpg/250px-France-002835_-_Place_aux_Aires_%28people%29_%2816004140382%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Place aux Aires</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:France-002830_-_Side_Street_in_Old_Town_(15382535214).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Side street in Old Town"><img alt="Side street in Old Town" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/France-002830_-_Side_Street_in_Old_Town_%2815382535214%29.jpg/120px-France-002830_-_Side_Street_in_Old_Town_%2815382535214%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/France-002830_-_Side_Street_in_Old_Town_%2815382535214%29.jpg/250px-France-002830_-_Side_Street_in_Old_Town_%2815382535214%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Side street in Old Town</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grasse&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grasse was the birthplace of: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bellaud" title="Louis Bellaud">Louis Bellaud</a> (1543–1588), also known as Bellaud de la Bellaudière, poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude-Marie_Courmes" title="Claude-Marie Courmes">Claude-Marie Courmes</a> (1770–1865), trader, shipowner and politician. Mayor of Grasse, deputy for Var and General Councilor of Var Canton of Grasse-Nord.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9lanie_Bernier" title="Mélanie Bernier">Mélanie Bernier</a> (born 1985), actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Bessa" title="Adam Bessa">Adam Bessa</a>, (born 1992), actor<sup id="cite_ref-grasse_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grasse-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bourdillon" title="Frédéric Bourdillon">Frédéric Bourdillon</a> (born 1991), French-Israeli basketball player in the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Basketball_Premier_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel Basketball Premier League">Israel Basketball Premier League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cavallier" title="Jacques Cavallier">Jacques Cavallier</a> (born 1962), perfumer<sup id="cite_ref-Cavallier_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cavallier-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Charpin" title="Albert Charpin">Albert Charpin</a> (1842–1924), painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Cresp" title="Olivier Cresp">Olivier Cresp</a> (born 1955), perfumer<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Ellena" title="Jean-Claude Ellena">Jean-Claude Ellena</a> (born 1947), perfumer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre-%C3%89variste_Fragonard" title="Alexandre-Évariste Fragonard">Alexandre-Évariste Fragonard</a> (1780–1850), painter and sculptor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Honor%C3%A9_Fragonard" title="Jean-Honoré Fragonard">Jean-Honoré Fragonard</a> (1732–1806), painter<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Claude_Gandur" title="Jean Claude Gandur">Jean Claude Gandur</a> (born 1949), businessman<sup id="cite_ref-Fg_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fg-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazan_de_la_Peyri%C3%A8re" class="mw-redirect" title="Gazan de la Peyrière">Gazan de la Peyrière</a> (1765–1845), general during the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentine_Goby" title="Valentine Goby">Valentine Goby</a> (born 1974), writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Journet" title="Marcel Journet">Marcel Journet</a> (1868–1933), operatic baritone</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Koziello" title="Vincent Koziello">Vincent Koziello</a> (born 1995), footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A9nie_Le_Sommer" title="Eugénie Le Sommer">Eugénie Le Sommer</a> (born 1989), woman footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Louis_Lions" title="Pierre-Louis Lions">Pierre-Louis Lions</a> (born 1956), mathematician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Marini" title="Gilles Marini">Gilles Marini</a> (born 1976), actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mich%C3%A8le_Mouton" title="Michèle Mouton">Michèle Mouton</a> (born 1951), rally driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Pasqua" title="Charles Pasqua">Charles Pasqua</a> (1927–2015), businessman and politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pinault" title="Thomas Pinault">Thomas Pinault</a> (born 1981), footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9o_Pourchaire" title="Théo Pourchaire">Théo Pourchaire</a> (born 2003), racing driver</li></ul> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bar-le-Duc_-_Statue_du_comte_de_Grasse_-295.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Bar-le-Duc_-_Statue_du_comte_de_Grasse_-295.jpg/175px-Bar-le-Duc_-_Statue_du_comte_de_Grasse_-295.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Bar-le-Duc_-_Statue_du_comte_de_Grasse_-295.jpg/263px-Bar-le-Duc_-_Statue_du_comte_de_Grasse_-295.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Bar-le-Duc_-_Statue_du_comte_de_Grasse_-295.jpg/350px-Bar-le-Duc_-_Statue_du_comte_de_Grasse_-295.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Statue <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Joseph_Paul_de_Grasse" title="François Joseph Paul de Grasse">François Joseph Paul de Grasse</a>, admiral de Grasse</figcaption></figure> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <p>Grasse was the death place of: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dirk_Bogarde" title="Dirk Bogarde">Dirk Bogarde</a> (1921–1999), actor, lived in Grasse</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Bunin" title="Ivan Bunin">Ivan Bunin</a> (1870–1953), Russian writer, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a>, 1933; lived in Grasse</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Calmes" title="Christian Calmes">Christian Calmes</a> (1913–1995), Luxembourgish civil servant, lawyer and historian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Joseph_Paul_de_Grasse" title="François Joseph Paul de Grasse">François Joseph Paul de Grasse</a> (1723–1788) admiral, commanded of the French fleet at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Chesapeake" title="Battle of the Chesapeake">Battle of the Chesapeake</a>, which led directly to the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Yorktown" title="Siege of Yorktown">Siege of Yorktown</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Douglas_Duncan" title="David Douglas Duncan">David Douglas Duncan</a> (1916–2018), American photojournalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Eugen_of_Bavaria" title="Prince Eugen of Bavaria">Prince Eugen of Bavaria</a> (1925–1997), member of the Bavarian Royal House of <a href="/wiki/Wittelsbach" class="mw-redirect" title="Wittelsbach">Wittelsbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolo_Ferrari" title="Lolo Ferrari">Lolo Ferrari</a> (1963–2000), dancer, actress and singer with breast implants</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89dith_Piaf" title="Édith Piaf">Édith Piaf</a> (1915–1963), singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Prokosch" title="Frederic Prokosch">Frederic Prokosch</a> (1906–1989), American writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvonne_Rozille" title="Yvonne Rozille">Yvonne Rozille</a> (1900–1985), film actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_S%C3%A9m%C3%A9rie" title="Eugène Sémérie">Eugène Sémérie</a> (1832–1884), positivist activist</li></ul> <p>Other notables associated with Grasse: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Philipe" title="Gérard Philipe">Gérard Philipe</a> (1922–1959), actor, brought up in Grasse</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Charlotte_von_Rothschild" title="Alice Charlotte von Rothschild">Alice Charlotte von Rothschild</a> (1847–1922), patron of the arts; art collection was donated to the town of Grasse</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a> (1866–1946), British writer</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grasse&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_France" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in France">List of twin towns and sister cities in France</a></div> <p>Grasse is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ingolstadt" title="Ingolstadt">Ingolstadt</a>, Germany, since 1963</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/60px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Carrara" title="Carrara">Carrara</a>, Italy, since 1995</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vila_Real,_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Vila Real, Portugal">Vila Real, Portugal</a>, since 1975</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/40px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/60px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a>, Spain, since 1990</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Marblehead,_Massachusetts" title="Marblehead, Massachusetts">Marblehead, Massachusetts</a>, USA, since 1986</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Opole" title="Opole">Opole</a>, Poland, since 1964</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kazanlak" title="Kazanlak">Kazanlak</a>, Bulgaria</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pardes_Hanna-Karkur" title="Pardes Hanna-Karkur">Pardes Hanna-Karkur</a>, Israel</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grasse&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Route_Napol%C3%A9on" title="Route Napoléon">Route Napoléon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Diocese_of_Grasse" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Diocese of Grasse">Ancient Diocese of Grasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Alpes-Maritimes_department" title="Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department">Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famille_Courmes" class="mw-redirect" title="Famille Courmes">Famille Courmes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grasse&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503">"Répertoire national des élus: les maires"</a> (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 6 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=R%C3%A9pertoire+national+des+%C3%A9lus%3A+les+maires&rft.pub=data.gouv.fr%2C+Plateforme+ouverte+des+donn%C3%A9es+publiques+fran%C3%A7aises&rft.date=2023-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.data.gouv.fr%2Ffr%2Fdatasets%2Fr%2F2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrasse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-popref2022-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-popref2022_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8288323?geo=COM-06069">"Populations de référence 2022"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies</a>. 19 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Populations+de+r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence+2022&rft.pub=The+National+Institute+of+Statistics+and+Economic+Studies&rft.date=2024-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F8288323%3Fgeo%3DCOM-06069&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrasse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ville-grasse.fr/tourisme/bienvenue.html">Page Bienvenue</a> sur le site de la ville de Grasse (in French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCollins1995" class="citation web cs1">Collins, Ross (January 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ndsu.edu/pubweb/~rcollins/travel/Grasse.html">"The Scents of a City"</a>. <i>www.ndsu.edu</i>. Fargo-Moorhead Forum<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ndsu.edu&rft.atitle=The+Scents+of+a+City&rft.date=1995-01&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Ross&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndsu.edu%2Fpubweb%2F~rcollins%2Ftravel%2FGrasse.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrasse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.villes-et-villages-fleuris.com/leconcours/palmaresdep/P06.htm">Palmarès du Concours des villes et villages fleuris dans les Alpes-Maritimes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090224045927/http://www.villes-et-villages-fleuris.com/leconcours/palmaresdep/P06.htm">Archived</a> 2009-02-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (in French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMinistère_de_la_Culture" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ministère de la Culture. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110103072225/http://www.vpah.culture.fr/vpah/paca/grasse-pr.htm">"Fiche de Grasse appartenant aux villes du réseau <i>ville d'art et d'histoire</i>"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vpah.culture.fr/vpah/paca/grasse-pr.htm">the original</a> on 3 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fiche+de+Grasse+appartenant+aux+villes+du+r%C3%A9seau+ville+d%27art+et+d%27histoire&rft.au=Minist%C3%A8re+de+la+Culture&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vpah.culture.fr%2Fvpah%2Fpaca%2Fgrasse-pr.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrasse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grasse Office De Tourism, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grasse.fr/la-fete-du-jasmin/">Jasmine Festival</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150104200804/http://www.grasse.fr/la-fete-du-jasmin/">Archived</a> 2015-01-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yes I Cannes, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yesicannes.com/65th-jasmine-festival-in-grasse/">Jasmine Festival 2013 Announcement</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grasse Office De Tourism, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grasse.fr/Expo-Rose">Expo Rose Announcement</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150104200604/http://www.grasse.fr/Expo-Rose">Archived</a> 2015-01-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCreamer2017" class="citation web cs1">Creamer, Colleen (8 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/08/travel/grasse-france-perfume-fragrance-gardens-capital.html">"A Perfume Devotee in the Land of French Fragrance"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2018</span> – via NYTimes.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Perfume+Devotee+in+the+Land+of+French+Fragrance&rft.date=2017-08-08&rft.aulast=Creamer&rft.aufirst=Colleen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F08%2F08%2Ftravel%2Fgrasse-france-perfume-fragrance-gardens-capital.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrasse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://evenice.it/mostre/le-colonete">LE COLONETE. Perfume Art Creation Gallery</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ehess-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ehess_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cassini.ehess.fr/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=16069">Commune data sheet Grasse</a>, <a href="/wiki/School_for_Advanced_Studies_in_the_Social_Sciences" title="School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences">EHESS</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pophist-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pophist_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-06069#ancre-POP_T1">Population en historique depuis 1968</a>, INSEE</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fodor's Travel Guide, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fodors.com/world/europe/france/the-french-riviera/places/nice-and-the-eastern-cote-dazur/grasse">Grasse, France Review</a>, accessdate=2015-03-24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Base_M%C3%A9rim%C3%A9e" title="Base Mérimée">Base Mérimée</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/merimee/PA00080740">PA00080740</a>, Ministère français de la Culture. <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-grasse-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-grasse_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDuponchel2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Duponchel, Marilou (4 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lesinrocks.com/cinema/la-trajectoire-tourmentee-dadam-bessa-lacteur-lumineux-de-harka-511055-04-11-2022/">"La trajectoire tourmentée d'Adam Bessa, l'acteur lumineux de "Harka"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Les_Inrockuptibles" title="Les Inrockuptibles">Les Inrockuptibles</a></i> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Les+Inrockuptibles&rft.atitle=La+trajectoire+tourment%C3%A9e+d%27Adam+Bessa%2C+l%27acteur+lumineux+de+%22Harka%22&rft.date=2022-11-04&rft.aulast=Duponchel&rft.aufirst=Marilou&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesinrocks.com%2Fcinema%2Fla-trajectoire-tourmentee-dadam-bessa-lacteur-lumineux-de-harka-511055-04-11-2022%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrasse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cavallier-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cavallier_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perfumer.s-perfume.com/JJC/">"Jacques Cavallier"</a>. <i>perfumer.s-perfume.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=perfumer.s-perfume.com&rft.atitle=Jacques+Cavallier&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fperfumer.s-perfume.com%2FJJC%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrasse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nstperfume.com/perfumers-a-to-e/olivier-cresp/">"Olivier Cresp :: Perfumers :: Now Smell This"</a>. <i>www.nstperfume.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nstperfume.com&rft.atitle=Olivier+Cresp+%3A%3A+Perfumers+%3A%3A+Now+Smell+This&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nstperfume.com%2Fperfumers-a-to-e%2Folivier-cresp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrasse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKonody1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_George_Konody" title="Paul George Konody">Konody, Paul George</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Fragonard, Jean-Honoré"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Fragonard,_Jean-Honor%C3%A9">"Fragonard, Jean-Honoré" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). pp. <span class="nowrap">772–</span>773.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fragonard%2C+Jean-Honor%C3%A9&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E772-%3C%2Fspan%3E773&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Konody&rft.aufirst=Paul+George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrasse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fg-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fg_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141106121951/http://fg-art.org/en/jeanclaudegandur.html">"Jean Claude Gandur"</a>. <i>Fg-art.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fg-art.org/en/jeanclaudegandur.html">the original</a> on 6 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fg-art.org&rft.atitle=Jean+Claude+Gandur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffg-art.org%2Fen%2Fjeanclaudegandur.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrasse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Grasse, François Joseph Paul, Comte de"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Grasse,_Fran%C3%A7ois_Joseph_Paul,_Comte_de">"Grasse, François Joseph Paul, Comte de" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 369.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Grasse%2C+Fran%C3%A7ois+Joseph+Paul%2C+Comte+de&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=369&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrasse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ville-grasse.fr/jumelages.html">"Jumelages"</a>. <i>ville-grasse.fr</i> (in French). Grasse<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ville-grasse.fr&rft.atitle=Jumelages&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ville-grasse.fr%2Fjumelages.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrasse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grasse&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Grasse" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Grasse">Grasse</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/20px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Grasse#Q173705" class="extiw" title="voy:Grasse">Grasse</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ville-grasse.fr/">Grasse city council website</a> (in French)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCoolidge1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/W._A._B._Coolidge" title="W. A. B. Coolidge">Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Grasse"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Grasse">"Grasse" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). p. 369.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Grasse&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=369&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Coolidge&rft.aufirst=William+Augustus+Brevoort&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrasse" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Alpes-Maritimes&#124;link=Alpes-Maritimes_Communes_of_the_Alpes-Maritimes_department338" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alpes-Maritimes_communes" title="Template:Alpes-Maritimes communes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alpes-Maritimes_communes" title="Template talk:Alpes-Maritimes communes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alpes-Maritimes_communes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alpes-Maritimes communes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Alpes-Maritimes&#124;link=Alpes-Maritimes_Communes_of_the_Alpes-Maritimes_department338" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Alpes-Maritimes" title="Alpes-Maritimes"><img alt="Alpes-Maritimes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_County_of_Nice.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_County_of_Nice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_County_of_Nice.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_County_of_Nice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_County_of_Nice.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_County_of_Nice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="682" data-file-height="432" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Alpes-Maritimes_department" title="Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department">Communes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Alpes-Maritimes" title="Alpes-Maritimes">Alpes-Maritimes</a> department</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aiglun,_Alpes-Maritimes" title="Aiglun, Alpes-Maritimes">Aiglun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amirat" title="Amirat">Amirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andon,_Alpes-Maritimes" title="Andon, Alpes-Maritimes">Andon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antibes" title="Antibes">Antibes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascros" title="Ascros">Ascros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspremont,_Alpes-Maritimes" title="Aspremont, Alpes-Maritimes">Aspremont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auribeau-sur-Siagne" title="Auribeau-sur-Siagne">Auribeau-sur-Siagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auvare" title="Auvare">Auvare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bairols" title="Bairols">Bairols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Bar-sur-Loup" title="Le Bar-sur-Loup">Le Bar-sur-Loup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaulieu-sur-Mer" title="Beaulieu-sur-Mer">Beaulieu-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beausoleil,_Alpes-Maritimes" title="Beausoleil, Alpes-Maritimes">Beausoleil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belv%C3%A9d%C3%A8re" title="Belvédère">Belvédère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bendejun" title="Bendejun">Bendejun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berre-les-Alpes" title="Berre-les-Alpes">Berre-les-Alpes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beuil" title="Beuil">Beuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9zaudun-les-Alpes" title="Bézaudun-les-Alpes">Bézaudun-les-Alpes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biot,_Alpes-Maritimes" title="Biot, Alpes-Maritimes">Biot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blausasc" title="Blausasc">Blausasc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Boll%C3%A8ne-V%C3%A9subie" title="La Bollène-Vésubie">La Bollène-Vésubie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonson,_Alpes-Maritimes" title="Bonson, Alpes-Maritimes">Bonson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouyon" title="Bouyon">Bouyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breil-sur-Roya" title="Breil-sur-Roya">Breil-sur-Roya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian%C3%A7onnet" title="Briançonnet">Briançonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Brigue" title="La Brigue">La Brigue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Broc,_Alpes-Maritimes" title="Le Broc, Alpes-Maritimes">Le Broc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabris" title="Cabris">Cabris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cagnes-sur-Mer" title="Cagnes-sur-Mer">Cagnes-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caille,_Alpes-Maritimes" title="Caille, Alpes-Maritimes">Caille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannes" title="Cannes">Cannes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Cannet" title="Le Cannet">Le Cannet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantaron" title="Cantaron">Cantaron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap-d%27Ail" title="Cap-d'Ail">Cap-d'Ail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carros" title="Carros">Carros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castagniers" title="Castagniers">Castagniers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castellar,_Alpes-Maritimes" title="Castellar, Alpes-Maritimes">Castellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castillon,_Alpes-Maritimes" title="Castillon, Alpes-Maritimes">Castillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caussols" title="Caussols">Caussols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teauneuf-d%27Entraunes" title="Châteauneuf-d'Entraunes">Châteauneuf-d'Entraunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teauneuf-Grasse" title="Châteauneuf-Grasse">Châteauneuf-Grasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teauneuf-Villevieille" title="Châteauneuf-Villevieille">Châteauneuf-Villevieille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cipi%C3%A8res" title="Cipières">Cipières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clans,_Alpes-Maritimes" title="Clans, Alpes-Maritimes">Clans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coaraze" title="Coaraze">Coaraze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Colle-sur-Loup" title="La Colle-sur-Loup">La Colle-sur-Loup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collongues,_Alpes-Maritimes" title="Collongues, Alpes-Maritimes">Collongues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colomars" title="Colomars">Colomars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cons%C3%A9gudes" title="Conségudes">Conségudes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contes,_Alpes-Maritimes" title="Contes, Alpes-Maritimes">Contes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courmes" title="Courmes">Courmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coursegoules" title="Coursegoules">Coursegoules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Croix-sur-Roudoule" title="La Croix-sur-Roudoule">La Croix-sur-Roudoule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cu%C3%A9bris" title="Cuébris">Cuébris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daluis" title="Daluis">Daluis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drap" title="Drap">Drap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duranus" title="Duranus">Duranus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entraunes" title="Entraunes">Entraunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Escar%C3%A8ne" title="L'Escarène">L'Escarène</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escragnolles" title="Escragnolles">Escragnolles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%88ze" title="Èze">Èze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falicon" title="Falicon">Falicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Ferres" title="Les Ferres">Les Ferres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontan,_Alpes-Maritimes" title="Fontan, Alpes-Maritimes">Fontan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gars,_Alpes-Maritimes" title="Gars, Alpes-Maritimes">Gars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatti%C3%A8res" title="Gattières">Gattières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Gaude" title="La Gaude">La Gaude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilette" title="Gilette">Gilette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorbio" title="Gorbio">Gorbio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gourdon,_Alpes-Maritimes" title="Gourdon, Alpes-Maritimes">Gourdon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Grasse</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9oli%C3%A8res" title="Gréolières">Gréolières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaumes" title="Guillaumes">Guillaumes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilonse" title="Ilonse">Ilonse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isola,_Alpes-Maritimes" title="Isola, Alpes-Maritimes">Isola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lantosque" title="Lantosque">Lantosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levens,_Alpes-Maritimes" title="Levens, Alpes-Maritimes">Levens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieuche" title="Lieuche">Lieuche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luc%C3%A9ram" title="Lucéram">Lucéram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malauss%C3%A8ne" title="Malaussène">Malaussène</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandelieu-la-Napoule" title="Mandelieu-la-Napoule">Mandelieu-la-Napoule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie,_Alpes-Maritimes" title="Marie, Alpes-Maritimes">Marie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Mas" title="Le Mas">Le Mas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massoins" title="Massoins">Massoins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menton" title="Menton">Menton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouans-Sartoux" title="Mouans-Sartoux">Mouans-Sartoux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mougins" title="Mougins">Mougins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulinet,_Alpes-Maritimes" title="Moulinet, Alpes-Maritimes">Moulinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Mujouls" title="Les Mujouls">Les Mujouls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a><sup>pref</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opio,_Alpes-Maritimes" title="Opio, Alpes-Maritimes">Opio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9gomas" title="Pégomas">Pégomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peille" title="Peille">Peille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peillon" title="Peillon">Peillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Penne" title="La Penne">La Penne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9one" title="Péone">Péone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peymeinade" title="Peymeinade">Peymeinade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierlas" title="Pierlas">Pierlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierrefeu" title="Pierrefeu">Pierrefeu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puget-Rostang" title="Puget-Rostang">Puget-Rostang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puget-Th%C3%A9niers" title="Puget-Théniers">Puget-Théniers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revest-les-Roches" title="Revest-les-Roches">Revest-les-Roches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigaud,_Alpes-Maritimes" title="Rigaud, Alpes-Maritimes">Rigaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimplas" title="Rimplas">Rimplas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roquebilli%C3%A8re" title="Roquebillière">Roquebillière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roquebrune-Cap-Martin" title="Roquebrune-Cap-Martin">Roquebrune-Cap-Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Roque-en-Provence" title="La Roque-en-Provence">La Roque-en-Provence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roquefort-les-Pins" title="Roquefort-les-Pins">Roquefort-les-Pins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roquest%C3%A9ron" title="Roquestéron">Roquestéron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Roquette-sur-Siagne" title="La Roquette-sur-Siagne">La Roquette-sur-Siagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Roquette-sur-Var" title="La Roquette-sur-Var">La Roquette-sur-Var</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roubion" title="Roubion">Roubion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roure,_Alpes-Maritimes" title="Roure, Alpes-Maritimes">Roure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Rouret" title="Le Rouret">Le Rouret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Andr%C3%A9-de-la-Roche" title="Saint-André-de-la-Roche">Saint-André-de-la-Roche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Antonin,_Alpes-Maritimes" title="Saint-Antonin, Alpes-Maritimes">Saint-Antonin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Auban" title="Saint-Auban">Saint-Auban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Blaise,_Alpes-Maritimes" title="Saint-Blaise, Alpes-Maritimes">Saint-Blaise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-C%C3%A9zaire-sur-Siagne" title="Saint-Cézaire-sur-Siagne">Saint-Cézaire-sur-Siagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Dalmas-le-Selvage" title="Saint-Dalmas-le-Selvage">Saint-Dalmas-le-Selvage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Agn%C3%A8s,_Alpes-Maritimes" title="Sainte-Agnès, Alpes-Maritimes">Sainte-Agnès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne-de-Tin%C3%A9e" title="Saint-Étienne-de-Tinée">Saint-Étienne-de-Tinée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat" title="Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat">Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jeannet,_Alpes-Maritimes" title="Saint-Jeannet, Alpes-Maritimes">Saint-Jeannet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent-du-Var" title="Saint-Laurent-du-Var">Saint-Laurent-du-Var</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-L%C3%A9ger,_Alpes-Maritimes" title="Saint-Léger, Alpes-Maritimes">Saint-Léger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-d%27Entraunes" title="Saint-Martin-d'Entraunes">Saint-Martin-d'Entraunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-du-Var" title="Saint-Martin-du-Var">Saint-Martin-du-Var</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-V%C3%A9subie" title="Saint-Martin-Vésubie">Saint-Martin-Vésubie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Paul-de-Vence" title="Saint-Paul-de-Vence">Saint-Paul-de-Vence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sauveur-sur-Tin%C3%A9e" title="Saint-Sauveur-sur-Tinée">Saint-Sauveur-sur-Tinée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Vallier-de-Thiey" title="Saint-Vallier-de-Thiey">Saint-Vallier-de-Thiey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sallagriffon" title="Sallagriffon">Sallagriffon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saorge" title="Saorge">Saorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauze,_Alpes-Maritimes" title="Sauze, Alpes-Maritimes">Sauze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9ranon" title="Séranon">Séranon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigale" title="Sigale">Sigale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sospel" title="Sospel">Sospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9rac%C3%A8des" title="Spéracèdes">Spéracèdes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tende" title="Tende">Tende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9oule-sur-Mer" title="Théoule-sur-Mer">Théoule-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thi%C3%A9ry,_Alpes-Maritimes" title="Thiéry, Alpes-Maritimes">Thiéry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Tignet" title="Le Tignet">Le Tignet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toudon" title="Toudon">Toudon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tou%C3%ABt-de-l%27Escar%C3%A8ne" title="Touët-de-l'Escarène">Touët-de-l'Escarène</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tou%C3%ABt-sur-Var" title="Touët-sur-Var">Touët-sur-Var</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Tour,_Alpes-Maritimes" title="La Tour, Alpes-Maritimes">La Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourette-du-Ch%C3%A2teau" title="Tourette-du-Château">Tourette-du-Château</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tournefort,_Alpes-Maritimes" title="Tournefort, Alpes-Maritimes">Tournefort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourrette-Levens" title="Tourrette-Levens">Tourrette-Levens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourrettes-sur-Loup" title="Tourrettes-sur-Loup">Tourrettes-sur-Loup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Trinit%C3%A9,_Alpes-Maritimes" title="La Trinité, Alpes-Maritimes">La Trinité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Turbie" title="La Turbie">La Turbie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utelle" title="Utelle">Utelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valbonne" title="Valbonne">Valbonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdeblore" title="Valdeblore">Valdeblore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valderoure" title="Valderoure">Valderoure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallauris" title="Vallauris">Vallauris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venanson" title="Venanson">Venanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vence" title="Vence">Vence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villars-sur-Var" title="Villars-sur-Var">Villars-sur-Var</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villefranche-sur-Mer" title="Villefranche-sur-Mer">Villefranche-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villeneuve-d%27Entraunes" title="Villeneuve-d'Entraunes">Villeneuve-d'Entraunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villeneuve-Loubet" title="Villeneuve-Loubet">Villeneuve-Loubet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>pref</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">prefecture</a></li> <li><sup>subpr</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Subprefectures_in_France" title="Subprefectures in France">subprefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173705#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1542" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173705#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1542" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173705#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122974031">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/146600551">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxmG8g6G9TpBFFDjqChHC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4021869-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82050977">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11864230c">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11864230c">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Grasse (Francie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge1163440&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007564441505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/733780b3-0599-437d-97c3-e9647bf454ee">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026384558">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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