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Hamburg – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Margaret A. Hamburg" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D" title="മാർഗരറ്റ് ഹാംബർഗ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മാർഗരറ്റ് ഹാംബർഗ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="مارجريت هامبورج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مارجريت هامبورج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Peggy Hamburg</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Margaret-Hamburg_Headshot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Margaret-Hamburg_Headshot.jpg/220px-Margaret-Hamburg_Headshot.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Margaret-Hamburg_Headshot.jpg/330px-Margaret-Hamburg_Headshot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Margaret-Hamburg_Headshot.jpg/440px-Margaret-Hamburg_Headshot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1333" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Hamburg in 2015</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">21st <a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_Food_and_Drugs" title="Commissioner of Food and Drugs">Commissioner of Food and Drugs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />May 22, 2009 – April 1, 2015</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_von_Eschenbach" title="Andrew von Eschenbach">Andrew von Eschenbach</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Califf" title="Robert Califf">Robert Califf</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_for_Planning_and_Evaluation" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation">Assistant Secretary of Health and Human Services for Planning and Evaluation</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1997–2001</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Edelman" title="Peter Edelman">Peter Edelman</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Jindal" title="Bobby Jindal">Bobby Jindal</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_Health_of_the_City_of_New_York" title="Commissioner of Health of the City of New York">Health Commissioner of New York City</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />December 24, 1991 – April 15, 1997<br />Acting: June 11, 1991 – December 24, 1991</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_Dinkins" title="David Dinkins">David Dinkins</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudy Giuliani</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Woody_Myers" title="Woody Myers">Woody Myers</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Mojica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benjamin Mojica (page does not exist)">Benjamin Mojica</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1955-07-12</span>) </span>July 12, 1955<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 69)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fitzhugh_Brown" title="Peter Fitzhugh Brown">Peter Brown</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1992)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Beatrix_Hamburg" title="Beatrix Hamburg">Beatrix Hamburg</a> (Mother)<br /><a href="/wiki/David_A._Hamburg" title="David A. Hamburg">David A. Hamburg</a> (Father)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine" title="Doctor of Medicine">MD</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Margaret Ann "Peggy" Hamburg</b> (born July 12, 1955, <a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Illinois">Chicago, Illinois</a>) is an <a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">American</a> physician and public health administrator, who is serving as the chair of the board of the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science">American Association for the Advancement of Science</a> (AAAS)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and co-chair of the <a href="/wiki/InterAcademy_Partnership" title="InterAcademy Partnership">InterAcademy Partnership (IAP)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She served as the 21st Commissioner of the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">U.S. Food and Drug Administration</a> from May 2009 to April 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Hamburg&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hamburg is the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Beatrix_Hamburg" title="Beatrix Hamburg">Beatrix Hamburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_A._Hamburg" title="David A. Hamburg">David A. Hamburg</a>, both physicians. Her mother was the first self-identified African-American woman to be accepted at <a href="/wiki/Vassar_College" title="Vassar College">Vassar College</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and to earn a degree from the <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_School_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Yale University School of Medicine">Yale University School of Medicine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her father is President Emeritus of the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Corporation_of_New_York" title="Carnegie Corporation of New York">Carnegie Corporation of New York</a> and also served as the president of the AAAS in 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hamburg graduated from <a href="/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">Harvard College</a> in 1977 and earned her <a href="/wiki/M.D." class="mw-redirect" title="M.D.">M.D.</a> from <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Medical_School" title="Harvard Medical School">Harvard Medical School</a> in 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She completed her medical residency training at the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Hospital-Cornell_Medical_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center">New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center</a> and is Board Certified in Internal Medicine. </p><p>Hamburg is married to <a href="/wiki/Peter_Fitzhugh_Brown" title="Peter Fitzhugh Brown">Peter Fitzhugh Brown</a>, a computer scientist and <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a> expert. The couple were married on May 23, 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brown is the chief executive officer of <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Technologies" title="Renaissance Technologies">Renaissance Technologies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Renaissance Technologies employees were collectively the top donors to President Donald Trump's 2016 campaign<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and collectively the third largest donors to Hillary Clinton,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> giving $15.5 million and $16.5 million respectively. The couple has two children together. </p><p>Hamburg was ranked on the list of <i>The World's 100 Most Powerful Women</i> three times—ranking 21st in 2011, 61st in 2012, and 59th in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Hamburg&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following her medical training, Hamburg moved to <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, to begin her career in <a href="/wiki/Public_service" title="Public service">public service</a>. She served in several roles, beginning with a position in the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Department of Health and Human Services">US Department of Health and Human Services</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also worked as a clinical instructor for <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University_School_of_Medicine" title="Georgetown University School of Medicine">Georgetown University School of Medicine</a> from 1986 to 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From May 1989 to May 1990, she worked as assistant director of the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Allergy_and_Infectious_Diseases" title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a> under <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fauci" title="Anthony Fauci">Anthony Fauci</a>. In this position, she participated in <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_the_United_States" title="HIV/AIDS in the United States">HIV/AIDS</a> policy development and research.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1991 Hamburg was appointed Commissioner of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Health_and_Mental_Hygiene" title="New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene">New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene</a>, where she served for six years, working first for Mayor <a href="/wiki/David_Dinkins" title="David Dinkins">David Dinkins</a> and then-Mayor <a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudy Giuliani</a>. During her tenure, she worked on improved services for women and children, a needle-exchange program to reduce HIV transmission, a program to curtail the resurgence and spread of tuberculosis, and the nation's first public health bioterrorism preparedness program.<sup id="cite_ref-fda.gov_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fda.gov-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1997, President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> appointed Hamburg as Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation at the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Health and Human Services">U.S. Department of Health and Human Services</a>. She served in this policy role until 2001 when she became the founding Vice President for Biological Programs and later the Senior Scientist for the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Threat_Initiative" title="Nuclear Threat Initiative">Nuclear Threat Initiative</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a foundation created by <a href="/wiki/Ted_Turner" title="Ted Turner">Ted Turner</a> dedicated to reducing the threat to public safety from nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons. In that role, Hamburg spearheaded efforts to prevent, detect, and respond to both naturally occurring and deliberately caused biological threats. She worked on reforms to reduce the dangers associated with modern bioterrorism and infectious diseases such as <a href="/wiki/Pandemic_influenza" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandemic influenza">pandemic influenza</a>. </p><p>In June 2001, Hamburg participated in the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Dark_Winter" title="Operation Dark Winter">Operation Dark Winter</a> exercise at <a href="/wiki/Andrews_Air_Force_Base" title="Andrews Air Force Base">Andrews Air Force Base</a> simulating a <a href="/wiki/Bioterrorism" title="Bioterrorism">bioterrorism</a> event involving weaponized <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hamburg is a member of the Medical Advisory Team for the <a href="/wiki/Sidwell_Friends_School" title="Sidwell Friends School">Sidwell Friends School</a>, where she also served on the board of trustees from 2004 to 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 13, 2005, she was announced as an advisor to the <a href="/wiki/Project_on_Emerging_Nanotechnologies" title="Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies">Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Pew_Charitable_Trusts" class="mw-redirect" title="Pew Charitable Trusts">Pew Charitable Trusts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_International_Center_for_Scholars" title="Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars">Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._Food_and_Drug_Administration">U.S. Food and Drug Administration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Hamburg&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: U.S. Food and Drug Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FDA%27s_Rice_Tour-_Looking_for_Insights_on_Arsenic_(0860)_(9684318485).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/FDA%27s_Rice_Tour-_Looking_for_Insights_on_Arsenic_%280860%29_%289684318485%29.jpg/220px-FDA%27s_Rice_Tour-_Looking_for_Insights_on_Arsenic_%280860%29_%289684318485%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/FDA%27s_Rice_Tour-_Looking_for_Insights_on_Arsenic_%280860%29_%289684318485%29.jpg/330px-FDA%27s_Rice_Tour-_Looking_for_Insights_on_Arsenic_%280860%29_%289684318485%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/FDA%27s_Rice_Tour-_Looking_for_Insights_on_Arsenic_%280860%29_%289684318485%29.jpg/440px-FDA%27s_Rice_Tour-_Looking_for_Insights_on_Arsenic_%280860%29_%289684318485%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2496" data-file-height="1664" /></a><figcaption>Hamburg (center right) visits a California rice farm in 2013 while Commissioner of the FDA</figcaption></figure> <p>Hamburg was nominated by President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> in March 2009 to become Commissioner of the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was unanimously confirmed in May 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As FDA Commissioner she was known for advancing regulatory science, streamlining and modernizing FDA's regulatory pathways, and globalization of the agency, as well as the implementation of the <a href="/wiki/Family_Smoking_Prevention_and_Tobacco_Control_Act" title="Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act">Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act</a> (2009), the <a href="/wiki/Food_Safety_Modernization_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Food Safety Modernization Act">Food Safety Modernization Act</a> (2011), and a review of the system for the evaluation and approval of medical devices. </p><p>Hamburg was the longest-serving FDA commissioner since <a href="/wiki/David_A._Kessler" title="David A. Kessler">David A. Kessler</a>, as well as the second woman to hold the position.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She served at the FDA until her resignation on March 28, 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tavernise_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tavernise-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fda.gov_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fda.gov-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During Hamburg's tenure at the FDA, the agency was criticized for speeding approvals at the expense of safety, while some industry voices indicated the pace was "justified". The FDA, under Hamburg's leadership approved 51 drugs in 2014 alone, which was noted as being "most in more than 20 years" to which Hamburg attributes to "innovative approaches".<sup id="cite_ref-Tavernise_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tavernise-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Academy_of_Medicine">National Academy of Medicine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Hamburg&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: National Academy of Medicine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 2015 Hamburg was appointed Foreign Secretary of the <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Medicine" title="National Academy of Medicine">National Academy of Medicine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2016, Hamburg was named president-elect for the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science">American Association for the Advancement of Science</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She served a three-year term as an officer and member of the executive committee of the AAAS Board of Directors beginning in February 2017. </p><p>In 2018, she participated in the <a href="/wiki/Clade_X" title="Clade X">Clade X</a> pandemic exercise that modelled a fictional <a href="/wiki/Parainfluenza" class="mw-redirect" title="Parainfluenza">parainfluenza</a> bioterrorism attack designed to reduce the global population.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She played the role of Secretary of Health and Human Services.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The event was held by the <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Center_for_Health_Security" title="Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security">Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hamburg joined the board of directors for <a href="/wiki/Alnylam_Pharmaceuticals" title="Alnylam Pharmaceuticals">Alnylam Pharmaceuticals</a> in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, Hamburg participated in the strategic framework development for the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Challenge_on_Climate_Change,_Human_Health,_%26_Equity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grand Challenge on Climate Change, Human Health, & Equity (page does not exist)">Grand Challenge on Climate Change, Human Health, & Equity</a>. Other notable participants included <a href="/wiki/Peter_Daszak" title="Peter Daszak">Peter Daszak</a> of <a href="/wiki/EcoHealth_Alliance" title="EcoHealth Alliance">EcoHealth Alliance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Farrar" title="Jeremy Farrar">Jeremy Farrar</a> of <a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Trust" title="Wellcome Trust">Wellcome Trust</a>, and representatives from the <a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Foundation" title="Rockefeller Foundation">Rockefeller Foundation</a>, <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Hygiene_%26_Tropical_Medicine" title="London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine">London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/ExxonMobil" title="ExxonMobil">ExxonMobil</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hong_Kong" title="University of Hong Kong">University of Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burroughs_Wellcome_Fund" title="Burroughs Wellcome Fund">Burroughs Wellcome Fund</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>, <a href="/wiki/African_Development_Bank" title="African Development Bank">African Development Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wood_Johnson_Foundation" title="Robert Wood Johnson Foundation">Robert Wood Johnson Foundation</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>, and numerous universities.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additionally, Hamburg was appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations" title="Council on Foreign Relations">Council on Foreign Relations</a> to serve on its Independent Task Force on Improving Pandemic Preparedness, co-chaired by <a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Mathews_Burwell" title="Sylvia Mathews Burwell">Sylvia Mathews Burwell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frances_Fragos_Townsend" class="mw-redirect" title="Frances Fragos Townsend">Frances Fragos Townsend</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That year, she also served on the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Strategic_and_International_Studies" title="Center for Strategic and International Studies">CSIS</a>-<a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Hygiene_%26_Tropical_Medicine" title="London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine">LSHTM</a> High-Level Panel<sup id="cite_ref-crescentcitytimes.com_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crescentcitytimes.com-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on Vaccine Confidence and Misinformation amid the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, co-chaired by <a href="/wiki/Heidi_Larson" title="Heidi Larson">Heidi Larson</a> and J. Stephen Morrison.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hamburg participated in a tabletop exercise at the March 2021 <a href="/wiki/Munich_Security_Conference" title="Munich Security Conference">Munich Security Conference</a> modelling a fictional international outbreak of <a href="/wiki/Monkeypox" class="mw-redirect" title="Monkeypox">monkeypox</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exercise was led by the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Threat_Initiative" title="Nuclear Threat Initiative">Nuclear Threat Initiative</a> and funded by <a href="/wiki/Open_Philanthropy_(organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Philanthropy (organization)">Open Philanthropy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the exercise scenario, the hypothetical outbreak was set to begin on May 15, 2022. On May 18, 2022, a real confirmed case of monkeypox was reported in an American traveller who had recently travelled to <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2022_monkeypox_outbreak" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 monkeypox outbreak">2022 monkeypox outbreak</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_recognition">Awards and recognition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Hamburg&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Awards and recognition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Margaret_A._Hamburg_at_Spotlight_Health_Aspen_Ideas_Festival_2015.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Margaret_A._Hamburg_at_Spotlight_Health_Aspen_Ideas_Festival_2015.JPG/220px-Margaret_A._Hamburg_at_Spotlight_Health_Aspen_Ideas_Festival_2015.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Margaret_A._Hamburg_at_Spotlight_Health_Aspen_Ideas_Festival_2015.JPG/330px-Margaret_A._Hamburg_at_Spotlight_Health_Aspen_Ideas_Festival_2015.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Margaret_A._Hamburg_at_Spotlight_Health_Aspen_Ideas_Festival_2015.JPG/440px-Margaret_A._Hamburg_at_Spotlight_Health_Aspen_Ideas_Festival_2015.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption>Margaret A. Hamburg at Spotlight Health, <a href="/wiki/Aspen_Ideas_Festival" title="Aspen Ideas Festival">Aspen Ideas Festival</a>, in 2015.</figcaption></figure> <p>Hamburg is a Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science">American Association for the Advancement of Science</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_College_of_Physicians" title="American College of Physicians">American College of Physicians</a>, as well as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations" title="Council on Foreign Relations">Council on Foreign Relations</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Medicine" title="National Academy of Medicine">National Academy of Medicine</a>, where she now serves as Foreign Secretary. </p><p>Hamburg has received numerous awards, among them the <a href="/wiki/National_Consumers_League" title="National Consumers League">National Consumers League</a>'s Trumpeter Award in 2011<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Health_Research" title="National Center for Health Research">National Center for Health Research</a>'s 2011 Health Research Policy Hero Award.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She has also received the <a href="/wiki/American_College_of_Clinical_Pharmacology" title="American College of Clinical Pharmacology">American College of Clinical Pharmacology</a>'s (ACCP) Nathaniel T. Kwit Memorial Distinguished Service Award,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Academy_of_Medicine" title="New York Academy of Medicine">New York Academy of Medicine</a> Medal for Distinguished Contributions in Health Policy,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Radcliffe Alumnae Award and the <a href="/wiki/American_Lung_Association" title="American Lung Association">American Lung Association</a>'s Breath of Life Award. Hamburg was the 2017 recipient of the FDAAA's <a href="/wiki/Harvey_W._Wiley" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvey W. Wiley">Harvey W. Wiley</a> Lecture Award for Outstanding Leadership in Advancing Public Health. </p><p>She is a distinguished senior fellow with the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Strategic_and_International_Studies" title="Center for Strategic and International Studies">Center for Strategic and International Studies</a><sup id="cite_ref-changing_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-changing-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and holds several Honorary Degrees. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i> named her as one of the world's 100 most powerful women multiple times, most recently in 2014 (#51).<sup id="cite_ref-Forbes14_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes14-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, Hamburg was awarded the <a href="/wiki/AAAS_Philip_Hauge_Abelson_Prize" title="AAAS Philip Hauge Abelson Prize">AAAS Philip Hauge Abelson Prize</a> which honors individuals' groundbreaking work in the areas of public service, scientific achievement or notable services to community.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_activities">Other activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Hamburg&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corporate_boards">Corporate boards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Hamburg&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Corporate boards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alnylam_Pharmaceuticals" title="Alnylam Pharmaceuticals">Alnylam Pharmaceuticals</a>, member of the board of directors (since 2018)<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-profit_organizations">Non-profit organizations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Hamburg&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Non-profit organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="American Museum of Natural History">American Museum of Natural History</a>, member of the board of trustees<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AmfAR,_The_Foundation_for_AIDS_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="AmfAR, The Foundation for AIDS Research">AmfAR, The Foundation for AIDS Research</a>, member of the board of directors (former)<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_and_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation</a>, member of the Global Health Scientific Advisory Committee<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bipartisan_Commission_on_Biodefense" title="Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense">Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense</a>, commissioner<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broad_Institute" title="Broad Institute">Broad Institute</a>, member of the board of directors<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Strategic_and_International_Studies" title="Center for Strategic and International Studies">Center for Strategic and International Studies</a> (CSIS), Member of the Commission on Strengthening America's Health Security (since 2017)<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_Epidemic_Preparedness_Innovations" title="Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations">Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations</a> (CEPI), chair of the Joint Coordinating Group (–2023)<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Fund" title="Commonwealth Fund">Commonwealth Fund</a>, member of the board of directors<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Centre of Regulatory Excellence (CoRE), <a href="/wiki/Duke%E2%80%93NUS_Medical_School" title="Duke–NUS Medical School">Duke–NUS Medical School</a>, member of the advisory board<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Department of Global Health, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a>, member of the external advisory board<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAVI_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="GAVI Alliance">GAVI Alliance</a>, member of the board<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Medical_School" title="Harvard Medical School">Harvard Medical School</a>, member of the board of fellows<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, member of the global advisory council</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Threat_Initiative" title="Nuclear Threat Initiative">Nuclear Threat Initiative</a> (NTI), member of the board of directors<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simons_Foundation" title="Simons Foundation">Simons Foundation</a>, member of the scientific advisory board for the Autism Research Initiative<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_Institute" title="Urban Institute">Urban Institute</a>, member of the board of trustees<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Trust" title="Wellcome Trust">Wellcome Trust</a>, member of the Strategic Advisory Board on Vaccines and Drug-resistant Infections<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Dementia_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Dementia Council (page does not exist)">World Dementia Council</a>, member of the board</li></ul> <p>Hamburg formerly served on the boards of the <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Foundation" title="Rockefeller Foundation">Rockefeller Foundation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_University" title="Rockefeller University">Rockefeller University</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Cummings_Foundation" title="Nathan Cummings Foundation">Nathan Cummings Foundation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conservation_International" title="Conservation International">Conservation International</a> and Henry Schein Inc. She has participated as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>'s Intelligence Science Board.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She is also a member of the National Advisory Council for the <a href="/w/index.php?title=COVID_Collaborative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="COVID Collaborative (page does not exist)">COVID Collaborative</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hamburg is affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On April 6, 2021, she participated as a speaker at a WEF event titled "The Next Frontier: Synthetic Biology".<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_issues">Legal issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Hamburg&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Legal issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2016, Hamburg, her husband, Johnson & Johnson, and others were named in a lawsuit by <a href="/wiki/Larry_Klayman" title="Larry Klayman">Larry Klayman</a>, who has since been suspended from practicing law in DC. The suit was dismissed with prejudice in 2017 by a <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a> <a href="/wiki/Federal_judge" title="Federal judge">federal judge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_publications">Selected publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Hamburg&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Selected publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Hamburg MA. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1205441">Science and regulation: FDA's approach to regulation of products of nanotechnology.</a> Science. Vol. 336(6079):299-300</li> <li>Hamburg MA. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1205441">Shattuck lecture: Innovation, regulation, and the FDA. New England Journal of Medicine.</a> Vol. 363(23):2228-32</li> <li>Hamburg MA, Collins FS. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1205441">The path to personalized medicine. New England Journal of Medicine.</a> Vol. 363(4):301-4</li> <li>Hamburg MA, Sharfstein JM. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp0903764">The FDA as a public health agency. New England Journal of Medicine.</a> Vol. 360(24):2493-5</li> <li>Hamburg, M.A., Levi, J., Elliott, K. and Williams, L. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GnY9BAAAQBAJ&dq=Hamburg,+M.A.,+Levi,+J.,+Elliott,+K.+and+Williams,+L.+(2008).+Germs+go+global:+why+emerging+infectious+diseases+are+a+threat+to+America.+Trust+for+America%E2%80%99s+Health&pg=PA214">Germs go global: why emerging infectious diseases are a threat to America.</a> Trust for America's Health</li> <li>Hamburg, M.A. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GnY9BAAAQBAJ&dq=Hamburg,+M.A.,+Levi,+J.,+Elliott,+K.+and+Williams,+L.+(2008).+Germs+go+global:+why+emerging+infectious+diseases+are+a+threat+to+America.+Trust+for+America%E2%80%99s+Health&pg=PA214">Public health and China: emerging disease and challenges to health.</a> In: K.M. Campbell and W. Darsie (eds.). China's March on the 21st century: A Report of the Aspen Srategy Group. Washington DC: The Aspen Institute, pp 61–76</li> <li>Hamburg, M.A. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12062974">Bioterrorism: responding to an emerging threat. Trends in Biotechnology.</a> Vol. 20(7): 296–298</li> <li>Hamburg, M.A. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://issues.org/18-2/p_hamburg/">Preparing for and preventing bioterrorism. Issues in Science and Technology.</a> Vol. 18(2): 27–30</li> <li>Hamburg, M.A. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1497277/pdf/11880674.pdf">Challenges facing public health agencies.</a> Public Health Reports. Vol. 116(Supplement 2): 59–63</li> <li>Frieden, T.R., Fujiwara, P.I., Washko, R.M. and Hamburg, M.A. (1995) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199507273330406#t=article">Turning the tide on tuberculosis: the New York City experience.</a> New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 333: 229–233</li> <li>Hamburg, M.A. and Frieden, T.R. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199406163302410">Tuberculosis transmission in the 1990s (editorial).</a> The New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 330, No. 24: 1750–1751</li> <li>Hamburg, M.A. and Fauci, A.S. (Spring 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20025234?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents">AIDS: the challenge to biomedical research.</a> Deadalus, Vol. 118, No. 2: 19–39</li> <li>Hamburg, M. and Tallman, J.F. (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6262656">Chronic morphine administration increases the apparent number of alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in rat brain.</a> Nature 291: 493–495</li> <li>Smolinski, M.S., Hamburg, M.A., and Lederberg, J., Editors (2003) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nap.edu/read/10636/chapter/1">Microbial Threats to Health: Emergence, Detection, and Response.</a> Washington D.C.: The National Academies Press</li> <li>"Zerhouni E and Hamburg M. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf1396">The need for global regulatory harmonization: A public health imperative.</a> Science Translational Medicine. Vol 8(338)"</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Hamburg&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/nomination/105th-congress/530">"PN530 - 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GloPID-R&rft.atitle=CEPI+Developments&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.glopid-r.org%2Fcepi-developments%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Hamburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cepi.net/news_cepi/cepi-board-membership-updates-2/">CEPI Board membership updates</a> <a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_Epidemic_Preparedness_Innovations" title="Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations">Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations</a> (CEPI), press release of 5 April 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/press-releases/2015/jul/margaret-hamburg-bod">"Margaret A. Hamburg, M.D., Elected to Commonwealth Fund Board of Directors"</a>. <i>The Commonwealth Fund</i>. 31 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Commonwealth+Fund&rft.atitle=Margaret+A.+Hamburg%2C+M.D.%2C+Elected+to+Commonwealth+Fund+Board+of+Directors&rft.date=2015-07-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.commonwealthfund.org%2Fpublications%2Fpress-releases%2F2015%2Fjul%2Fmargaret-hamburg-bod&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Hamburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.duke-nus.edu.sg/core/about/people-leadership/core-advisory-board">"CoRE Advisory Board"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Duke-NUS_Medical_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke-NUS Medical School">Duke-NUS Medical School</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220528051636/https://www.duke-nus.edu.sg/core/about/people-leadership/core-advisory-board">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Duke-NUS+Medical+School&rft.atitle=CoRE+Advisory+Board&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.duke-nus.edu.sg%2Fcore%2Fabout%2Fpeople-leadership%2Fcore-advisory-board&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Hamburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalhealth.washington.edu/margaret-hamburg">External Advisory Board: Margaret Hamburg</a> Department of Global Health, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gavi.org/governance/gavi-board/members">Board members</a> <a href="/wiki/GAVI_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="GAVI Alliance">GAVI Alliance</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hms.harvard.edu/about-hms/board-fellows">"Harvard Medical School Board of Fellows"</a>. <i>Harvard Medical School</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Medical+School&rft.atitle=Harvard+Medical+School+Board+of+Fellows&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhms.harvard.edu%2Fabout-hms%2Fboard-fellows&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Hamburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nti.org/about/board-and-advisors/">Board of Directors</a> <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Threat_Initiative" title="Nuclear Threat Initiative">Nuclear Threat Initiative</a> (NTI).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfari.org/people/margaret-a-hamburg/">Scientific Advisory Board for the Autism Research Initiative: Margaret Hamburg</a> <a href="/wiki/Simons_Foundation" title="Simons Foundation">Simons Foundation</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160925150347/http://www.urban.org/about/board-of-directors">"Board of Trustees"</a>. <i>Urban Institute</i>. 2017-10-25. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.urban.org/about/board-of-directors">the original</a> on 2016-09-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-09-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Urban+Institute&rft.atitle=Board+of+Trustees&rft.date=2017-10-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.urban.org%2Fabout%2Fboard-of-directors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Hamburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200930150729/https://wellcome.org/what-we-do/our-work/vaccines-and-drug-resistant-infections-strategic-advisory-board">"Vaccines and Drug-resistant Infections Strategic Advisory Board"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Trust" title="Wellcome Trust">Wellcome Trust</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wellcome.org/what-we-do/our-work/vaccines-and-drug-resistant-infections-strategic-advisory-board">the original</a> on 2020-09-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wellcome+Trust&rft.atitle=Vaccines+and+Drug-resistant+Infections+Strategic+Advisory+Board&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwellcome.org%2Fwhat-we-do%2Four-work%2Fvaccines-and-drug-resistant-infections-strategic-advisory-board&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Hamburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanprogress.org/events/countering-the-threat-of-radiological-weapons/">"Countering the Threat of Radiological Weapons"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Center_for_American_Progress" title="Center for American Progress">Center for American Progress</a></i>. 2005-07-27. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220601180942/https://www.americanprogress.org/events/countering-the-threat-of-radiological-weapons/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-06-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Center+for+American+Progress&rft.atitle=Countering+the+Threat+of+Radiological+Weapons&rft.date=2005-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanprogress.org%2Fevents%2Fcountering-the-threat-of-radiological-weapons%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Hamburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.covidcollaborative.us/about">"About"</a>. <i>COVID Collaborative</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220515111049/https://www.covidcollaborative.us/about">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=COVID+Collaborative&rft.atitle=About&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.covidcollaborative.us%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Hamburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weforum.org/people/margaret-a-hamburg/">"Margaret A. Hamburg"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220522170033/https://www.weforum.org/people/margaret-a-hamburg">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Economic+Forum&rft.atitle=Margaret+A.+Hamburg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weforum.org%2Fpeople%2Fmargaret-a-hamburg%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Hamburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weforum.org/events/global-technology-governance-summit-2021/sessions/pushing-humanity-s-horizons-moonshots-in-synthetic-biology/">"The Next Frontier: Synthetic Biology"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a></i>. 2021-04-06. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210428190837/https://www.weforum.org/events/global-technology-governance-summit-2021/sessions/pushing-humanity-s-horizons-moonshots-in-synthetic-biology">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-04-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Economic+Forum&rft.atitle=The+Next+Frontier%3A+Synthetic+Biology&rft.date=2021-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weforum.org%2Fevents%2Fglobal-technology-governance-summit-2021%2Fsessions%2Fpushing-humanity-s-horizons-moonshots-in-synthetic-biology%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Hamburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lexislegalnews.com/articles/16128/levaquin-rico-lawsuit-dismissed-by-judge-in-district-of-columbia">"Levaquin RICO Lawsuit Dismissed By Judge In District Of Columbia - Lexis Legal News"</a>. <i>www.lexislegalnews.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-04-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.lexislegalnews.com&rft.atitle=Levaquin+RICO+Lawsuit+Dismissed+By+Judge+In+District+Of+Columbia+-+Lexis+Legal+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexislegalnews.com%2Farticles%2F16128%2Flevaquin-rico-lawsuit-dismissed-by-judge-in-district-of-columbia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Hamburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Hamburg&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Margaret_Hamburg" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Margaret Hamburg">Margaret A. Hamburg</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121203022456/https://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/CentersOffices/ucm193998.htm">FDA Biography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121017173044/http://fora.tv/speaker/3725/Margaret-Hamburg">FORA.tv videos</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/margaret-hamburg">Margaret Hamburg</a> on <a href="/wiki/LinkedIn" title="LinkedIn">LinkedIn</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180825213700/http://www.margarethamburg.com/">Personal Bio</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?margarethamburg">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q513807#P2190" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #bebebe;">Government offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Woody_Myers" title="Woody Myers">Woody Myers</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_Health_of_the_City_of_New_York" title="Commissioner of Health of the City of New York">Health Commissioner of New York City</a> </b><br />1991–1997 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Benjamin Mojica</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Edelman" title="Peter Edelman">Peter Edelman</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services_for_Planning_and_Evaluation" title="Assistant Secretary of Health and Human Services for Planning and Evaluation">Assistant Secretary of Health and Human Services for Planning and Evaluation</a></span> </b><br />1997–2001 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Jindal" title="Bobby Jindal">Bobby Jindal</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_von_Eschenbach" title="Andrew von Eschenbach">Andrew von Eschenbach</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_Food_and_Drugs" title="Commissioner of Food and Drugs">Commissioner of Food and Drugs</a> </b><br />2009–2015 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Califf" title="Robert Califf">Robert Califf</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Template:Food and Drug Administration"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Template talk:Food and Drug Administration"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Food and Drug Administration"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Food_and_Drug_Administration_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Biologics_Evaluation_and_Research" title="Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research">Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FDA_Center_for_Devices_and_Radiological_Health" title="FDA Center for Devices and Radiological Health">Center for Devices and Radiological Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Drug_Evaluation_and_Research" title="Center for Drug Evaluation and Research">Center for Drug Evaluation and Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Food_Safety_and_Applied_Nutrition" title="Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition">Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Tobacco_Products" title="Center for Tobacco Products">Center for Tobacco Products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Veterinary_Medicine" title="Center for Veterinary Medicine">Center for Veterinary Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Toxicological_Research" title="National Center for Toxicological Research">National Center for Toxicological Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Criminal_Investigations" title="Office of Criminal Investigations">Office of Criminal Investigations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Global_Regulatory_Operations_and_Policy" title="Office of Global Regulatory Operations and Policy">Office of Global Regulatory Operations and Policy</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Food_and_Drug_Administration_icon_2016.svg/100px-Food_and_Drug_Administration_icon_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Food_and_Drug_Administration_icon_2016.svg/150px-Food_and_Drug_Administration_icon_2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Food_and_Drug_Administration_icon_2016.svg/200px-Food_and_Drug_Administration_icon_2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="95" data-file-height="114" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major acts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_Smoking_Prevention_and_Tobacco_Control_Act" title="Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act">Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration_Modernization_Act_of_1997" title="Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997">Modernization Act of 1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Food,_Drug,_and_Cosmetic_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act">Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FDA_Food_Safety_Modernization_Act" title="FDA Food Safety Modernization Act">Food Safety Modernization Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prescription_Drug_User_Fee_Act" title="Prescription Drug User Fee Act">Prescription Drug User Fee Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Food_and_Drug_Act" title="Pure Food and Drug Act">Pure Food and Drug Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Title 21 regulations and rules</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administrative law</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Title_21_of_the_Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations">Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal journal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Register" title="Federal Register">Federal Register (FR)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal law</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Title_21_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 21 of the United States Code">Title 21 of the United States Code (U.S.C.)</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commissioners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Washington_Wiley" title="Harvey Washington Wiley">Harvey W. Wiley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_L._Alsberg" title="Carl L. Alsberg">Carl L. Alsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert_Browne_Jr." title="Charles Albert Browne Jr.">Charles A. Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_G._Campbell_(chemist)" title="Walter G. Campbell (chemist)">Walter G. Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_B._Dunbar" title="Paul B. Dunbar">Paul B. Dunbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Crawford_(chemist)" title="Charles W. Crawford (chemist)">Charles W. Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_P._Larrick" title="George P. Larrick">George P. Larrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Goddard" title="James L. Goddard">James L. Goddard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_L._Ley_Jr." title="Herbert L. Ley Jr.">Herbert L. Ley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_C._Edwards" title="Charles C. Edwards">Charles C. Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_M._Schmidt" title="Alexander M. Schmidt">Alexander M. Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Kennedy" title="Donald Kennedy">Donald Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jere_E._Goyan" title="Jere E. Goyan">Jere E. Goyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_H._Hayes_Jr." title="Arthur H. Hayes Jr.">Arthur H. Hayes Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_E._Young_(physician)" title="Frank E. Young (physician)">Frank E. Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_A._Kessler" title="David A. Kessler">David A. Kessler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_E._Henney" title="Jane E. Henney">Jane E. Henney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_McClellan" title="Mark McClellan">Mark McClellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lester_Crawford" title="Lester Crawford">Lester Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_von_Eschenbach" title="Andrew von Eschenbach">Andrew von Eschenbach</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Margaret Hamburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Califf" title="Robert Califf">Robert Califf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Gottlieb" title="Scott Gottlieb">Scott Gottlieb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hahn" title="Stephen Hahn">Stephen Hahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Califf" title="Robert Califf">Robert Califf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society and culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Criticism of the Food and Drug Administration">Criticism of the Food and Drug Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FDA_Most_Wanted_Fugitives" title="FDA Most Wanted Fugitives">FDA Most Wanted Fugitives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="History of the Food and Drug Administration">History of the Food and Drug Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_food_and_dietary_supplements_by_the_U.S._Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Regulation of food and dietary supplements by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration">Regulation of food and dietary supplements by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_Food_and_Drugs" title="Commissioner of Food and Drugs">Commissioner of Food and Drugs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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