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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Work</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Work-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Work subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Low-enriched_uranium_bank" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Low-enriched_uranium_bank"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Low-enriched uranium bank</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Low-enriched_uranium_bank-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Highly_enriched_uranium_elimination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Highly_enriched_uranium_elimination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Highly enriched uranium elimination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Highly_enriched_uranium_elimination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Serbia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serbia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Serbia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serbia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kazakhstan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kazakhstan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Kazakhstan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kazakhstan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nuclear_Security_Index" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuclear_Security_Index"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Nuclear Security Index</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuclear_Security_Index-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Global_Health_Security_Index" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global_Health_Security_Index"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Global Health Security Index</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Global_Health_Security_Index-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_Health_Organization–Nuclear_Threat_Initiative_Emergency_Outbreak_Response_Fund" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_Health_Organization–Nuclear_Threat_Initiative_Emergency_Outbreak_Response_Fund"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>World Health Organization–Nuclear Threat Initiative Emergency Outbreak Response Fund</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_Health_Organization–Nuclear_Threat_Initiative_Emergency_Outbreak_Response_Fund-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Global_dialogue_on_nuclear_security_priorities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global_dialogue_on_nuclear_security_priorities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Global dialogue on nuclear security priorities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Global_dialogue_on_nuclear_security_priorities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Establishment_of_new_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Establishment_of_new_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Establishment of new organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Establishment_of_new_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Leadership</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Leadership-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Leadership subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Board_of_directors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Board_of_directors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Board of directors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Board_of_directors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Advisors_to_the_board_of_directors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advisors_to_the_board_of_directors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Advisors to the board of directors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advisors_to_the_board_of_directors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emeritus_board" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emeritus_board"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Emeritus board</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emeritus_board-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Financials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Threat_Initiative" title="Nuclear Threat Initiative – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nuclear Threat Initiative" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Threat_Initiative" title="Nuclear Threat Initiative – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nuclear Threat Initiative" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Threat_Initiative" title="Nuclear Threat Initiative – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nuclear Threat Initiative" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Threat_Initiative" title="Nuclear Threat Initiative – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nuclear Threat Initiative" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Threat_Initiative" title="Nuclear Threat Initiative – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nuclear Threat Initiative" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Threat_Initiative" title="Nuclear Threat Initiative – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nuclear Threat Initiative" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Threat_Initiative" title="Nuclear Threat Initiative – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nuclear Threat Initiative" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q453521#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American foreign policy think tank</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"NTI" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/NTI_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="NTI (disambiguation)">NTI (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Nuclear Threat Initiative</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuclear_Threat_Initiative_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/86/Nuclear_Threat_Initiative_logo.svg/220px-Nuclear_Threat_Initiative_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/86/Nuclear_Threat_Initiative_logo.svg/330px-Nuclear_Threat_Initiative_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/86/Nuclear_Threat_Initiative_logo.svg/440px-Nuclear_Threat_Initiative_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="261" data-file-height="120" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">NTI</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">2001<span class="noprint">; 23 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2001</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/501(c)(3)_organization" title="501(c)(3) organization">501(c)(3) organization</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Taxpayer_Identification_Number" title="Taxpayer Identification Number">Tax ID no.</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">52-2289435</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Focus</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Global_catastrophic_risk" title="Global catastrophic risk">Global catastrophic risk</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">1776 Eye Street, NW</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Washington, D.C., U.S.</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">President</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Moniz" title="Ernest Moniz">Ernest Moniz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nti.org/">www<wbr />.nti<wbr />.org</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q453521#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Nuclear Threat Initiative</b>, generally referred to as <b>NTI</b>, is a non-profit organization located in Washington, D.C. NTI was founded in 2001 by former U.S. Senator <a href="/wiki/Sam_Nunn" title="Sam Nunn">Sam Nunn</a> and philanthropist <a href="/wiki/Ted_Turner" title="Ted Turner">Ted Turner</a> and describes itself as a "a nonprofit, nonpartisan global security organization focused on reducing nuclear, biological, and emerging technology threats imperiling humanity."<sup id="cite_ref-About_NTI_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About_NTI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>NTI has four policy programs: the Global Nuclear Policy Program, Nuclear Materials Security, Emerging Tech, and Global Biological Policy and Programs (stylized as NTI | bio).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission">Mission</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_Threat_Initiative&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Mission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Nuclear Threat Initiative is a nonprofit, nonpartisan global security organization focused on reducing nuclear, biological, and emerging technology threats imperiling humanity.<sup id="cite_ref-About_NTI_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About_NTI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_Threat_Initiative&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NTI was founded in 2001 by former U.S. Senator Sam Nunn and philanthropist <a href="/wiki/Ted_Turner" title="Ted Turner">Ted Turner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The launch event was held at the <a href="/wiki/National_Press_Club_(United_States)" title="National Press Club (United States)">National Press Club</a> on January 8, 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An event celebrating NTI's 20th anniversary was held on April 12, 2022, with a one-year delay due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Work">Work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_Threat_Initiative&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Low-enriched_uranium_bank">Low-enriched uranium bank</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_Threat_Initiative&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Low-enriched uranium bank"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NTI supported the development of an international low-enriched uranium bank to help prevent the proliferation of nuclear technology.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NTI advisor <a href="/wiki/Warren_Buffett" title="Warren Buffett">Warren Buffett</a> provided $50 million to jump-start the reserve, which is owned and managed by the <a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">International Atomic Energy Agency</a> and located in Kazakhstan.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bank became fully operational in October 2019 after receiving its first shipment of uranium.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Highly_enriched_uranium_elimination">Highly enriched uranium elimination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_Threat_Initiative&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Highly enriched uranium elimination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Serbia">Serbia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_Threat_Initiative&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Serbia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2002, NTI provided much of the financial support for a joint US-Russian mission to remove 100 pounds of <a href="/wiki/Highly_Enriched_Uranium" class="mw-redirect" title="Highly Enriched Uranium">highly enriched uranium</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Vin%C4%8Da_Nuclear_Institute" title="Vinča Nuclear Institute">Vinča Nuclear Institute</a> in <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, to be flown to <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_Threat_Initiative&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Kazakhstan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NTI provided technical and financial support to help convert 2,900 kilograms of highly enriched uranium to low-enriched uranium in Kazakhstan in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The organization committed $1.3 million for reactor safety systems.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nuclear_Security_Index">Nuclear Security Index</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_Threat_Initiative&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Nuclear Security Index"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NTI has produced a biennial "Nuclear Security Index" in partnership with <a href="/wiki/Economist_Intelligence_Unit" title="Economist Intelligence Unit">Economist Impact</a> since 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "NTI Index" benchmarks nuclear security conditions across 176 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As part of the Index, NTI also develops and releases a Radioactive Source Security Assessment that includes recommendations on securing and eliminating radiological sources used and stored at thousands of sites across more than 100 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Global_Health_Security_Index">Global Health Security Index</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_Threat_Initiative&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Global Health Security Index"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Global Health Security Index, produced by NTI, the <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Center_for_Health_Security" title="Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security">Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security</a>, and Economist Impact, is a biennial index that assesses countries' preparedness to respond to pandemics and epidemics.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The GHS Index assesses 195 countries' abilities to prevent, detect, and respond to health emergencies based on publicly available information.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_Health_Organization–Nuclear_Threat_Initiative_Emergency_Outbreak_Response_Fund"><span id="World_Health_Organization.E2.80.93Nuclear_Threat_Initiative_Emergency_Outbreak_Response_Fund"></span>World Health Organization–Nuclear Threat Initiative Emergency Outbreak Response Fund</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_Threat_Initiative&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: World Health Organization–Nuclear Threat Initiative Emergency Outbreak Response Fund"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2002, NTI partnered with the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO) to create a $500,000 rapid response fund for infectious disease outbreaks.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Global_dialogue_on_nuclear_security_priorities">Global dialogue on nuclear security priorities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_Threat_Initiative&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Global dialogue on nuclear security priorities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NTI regularly convenes meetings among global nuclear security experts and government officials to discuss issues related to nuclear security.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Global Dialogue summits have taken place in France, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, Germany, Austria, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment_of_new_organizations">Establishment of new organizations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_Threat_Initiative&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Establishment of new organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2003, NTI created the Middle East Consortium for Infectious Disease Surveillance (MECIDS) with participation from <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MECIDS shares official health data and conducts infectious disease prevention training. </p><p>In 2008, NTI helped create the <a href="/wiki/World_Institute_for_Nuclear_Security" title="World Institute for Nuclear Security">World Institute for Nuclear Security</a> (WINS), in Vienna, as part of its focus to secure nuclear materials worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>NTI also created Connecting Organizations for Disease Surveillance (CORDS), which launched in 2013 as an independent <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">NGO</a> that links international disease surveillance networks, supported by the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> and <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">Food and Agriculture Organization</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Films">Films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_Threat_Initiative&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The organization produced the 2005 film, <i><a href="/wiki/Last_Best_Chance" title="Last Best Chance">Last Best Chance</a></i>, a docudrama about nuclear terrorism that aired on HBO.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NTI also produced the 2010 documentary film <i><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Tipping_Point" title="Nuclear Tipping Point">Nuclear Tipping Point</a>,</i> which was screened by <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">President Obama</a> at the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> in April 2010<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and featured on <i>The</i> <i>Colbert Report</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leadership">Leadership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_Threat_Initiative&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Leadership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Moniz" title="Ernest Moniz">Ernest J. Moniz</a> has served as chief executive officer since June 2017, and Joan Rohlfing serves as president and chief operating officer.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Co-chaired by Moniz, Nunn, and <a href="/wiki/Ted_Turner" title="Ted Turner">Ted Turner</a>, NTI is governed by a board of directors with both current and emeritus members from around the globe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Board_of_directors">Board of directors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_Threat_Initiative&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Board of directors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Moniz" title="Ernest Moniz">Ernest J. Moniz</a>, co-chairman and chief executive Officer, NTI</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Nunn" title="Sam Nunn">Sam Nunn</a>, co-chair, co-founder and strategic advisor, NTI</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Turner" title="Ted Turner">Ted Turner</a>, co-chair</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Browne" title="Des Browne">Des Browne</a>, vice chairman, NTI</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joan_Rohlfing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joan Rohlfing (page does not exist)">Joan Rohlfing</a>, president, NTI</li> <li>Ambassador Hamad Alkaabi, permanent representative of the United Arab Emirates to the <a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">International Atomic Energy Agency</a> and special representative for International Nuclear Cooperation</li> <li>Ambassador <a href="/wiki/Brooke_D._Anderson" title="Brooke D. Anderson">Brooke D. Anderson</a>, president of Pivotal Ventures</li> <li>Dr. <a href="/wiki/Alexey_Arbatov" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexey Arbatov">Alexey Arbatov</a>, head, Center for International Security at Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Brown" title="Jerry Brown">Edmund G. Brown Jr.</a>, former Governor of California</li> <li>Ambassador <a href="/wiki/Rolf_Ekeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolf Ekeus">Rolf Ekeus</a>, chairman emeritus of the board, <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_International_Peace_Research_Institute" title="Stockholm International Peace Research Institute">Stockholm International Peace Research Institute</a></li> <li>Gideon Frank, former director general of the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="Israel Atomic Energy Commission">Israel Atomic Energy Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Hamburg" title="Margaret Hamburg">Margaret A. Hamburg</a>, M.D., former commissioner of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_S._Ivanov" class="mw-redirect" title="Igor S. Ivanov">Igor S. Ivanov</a>, former minister of foreign affairs, Russia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeong_H._Kim" title="Jeong H. Kim">Jeong H. Kim</a>, former president, Bell Labs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_McMurry-Heath" title="Michelle McMurry-Heath">Michelle McMurry-Heath</a>, president and CEO, <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology_Innovation_Organization" title="Biotechnology Innovation Organization">Biotechnology Innovation Organization</a></li> <li>Admiral <a href="/wiki/Michael_Mullen" title="Michael Mullen">Michael G. Mullen</a>, USN (ret.), 17th chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_L._Olson" class="mw-redirect" title="Ronald L. Olson">Ronald L. Olson</a>, Partner, Los Angeles office of <a href="/wiki/Munger,_Tolles_%26_Olson" title="Munger, Tolles & Olson">Munger, Tolles & Olson</a></li> <li>Michael A. Peterson, chairman and chief executive Officer of the <a href="/wiki/The_Peter_G._Peterson_Foundation" title="The Peter G. Peterson Foundation">Peter G. Peterson Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Rifkind" title="Malcolm Rifkind">Malcolm Rifkind</a>, former foreign secretary, UK</li> <li>Ray Rothrock, executive chairman, RedSeal, Inc. and partner emeritus, <a href="/wiki/Venrock" title="Venrock">Venrock</a></li> <li>Louis Salkind, president, Bright Horizon Foundation</li> <li>Laura Turner Seydel, chair of Captain Planet Foundation and director of <a href="/wiki/Turner_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Turner Foundation">Turner Foundation</a></li> <li>Dr. <a href="/wiki/Nathalie_Tocci" title="Nathalie Tocci">Nathalie Tocci</a>, director, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_Affari_Internazionali" title="Istituto Affari Internazionali">Istituto Affari Internazionali</a></li> <li>Ambassador <a href="/wiki/Alexa_L._Wesner" title="Alexa L. Wesner">Alexa Wesner</a>, former U.S. Ambassador to Austria</li> <li>Dr. Peng Yuan, president, <a href="/wiki/China_Institutes_of_Contemporary_International_Relations" title="China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations">China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Advisors_to_the_board_of_directors">Advisors to the board of directors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_Threat_Initiative&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Advisors to the board of directors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Buffett" title="Warren Buffett">Warren Buffett</a>, CEO of <a href="/wiki/Berkshire_Hathaway_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Berkshire Hathaway Inc.">Berkshire Hathaway Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegfried_S._Hecker" title="Siegfried S. Hecker">Siegfried S. Hecker</a>, co-director, <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Center_for_International_Security_and_Cooperation" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanford University Center for International Security and Cooperation">Stanford University Center for International Security and Cooperation</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emeritus_board">Emeritus board</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_Threat_Initiative&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Emeritus board"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Arthur_Bowsher" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Arthur Bowsher">Charles A. Bowsher</a>, former comptroller general to the United States and head of the General Accounting Office</li> <li>Liru Cui, former president of China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_B._Curtis" title="Charles B. Curtis">Charles B. Curtis</a>, president emeritus of NTI</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Eisenhower" title="Susan Eisenhower">Susan Eisenhower</a></li> <li>HRH <a href="/wiki/Prince_Hassan_bin_Talal" title="Prince Hassan bin Talal">Prince El Hassan bin Talal of Jordan</a></li> <li>Ambassador <a href="/wiki/Jon_Huntsman_Jr." title="Jon Huntsman Jr.">Jon M. Huntsman, Jr.</a>, former U.S. Ambassador to Russia, China, and Singapore</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riaz_Mohammad_Khan" title="Riaz Mohammad Khan">Riaz Mohammad Khan</a>, former foreign secretary of Pakistan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Lellouche" title="Pierre Lellouche">Pierre Lellouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Mathews" title="Jessica Mathews">Jessica T. Mathews</a></li> <li>Ambassador <a href="/wiki/Hisashi_Owada" title="Hisashi Owada">Hisashi Owada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Perry" title="William J. Perry">William J. Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafis_Sadik" title="Nafis Sadik">Nafis Sadik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Amartya Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujia_Yang" class="mw-redirect" title="Fujia Yang">Fujia Yang</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Financials">Financials</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_Threat_Initiative&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Financials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NTI receives funding from a number of sources, including foundations, individuals, non-U.S. governments, and corporations.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Funders and financial information are listed in NTI’s annual report, which is published online each year. The organization does not accept U.S. government funding.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_Threat_Initiative&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_Health_Security_Index" title="Global Health Security Index">Global Health Security Index</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_Threat_Initiative&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-About_NTI-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-About_NTI_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_NTI_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nti.org/about/">"About NTI"</a>. <i>The Nuclear Threat Initiative</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Nuclear+Threat+Initiative&rft.atitle=About+NTI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nti.org%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuclear+Threat+Initiative" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nti.org/about/programs-projects/">"NTI Programs and Projects"</a>. <i>The Nuclear Threat Initiative</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Nuclear+Threat+Initiative&rft.atitle=Who+We+Are&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nti.org%2Fabout%2Fwho-we-are%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuclear+Threat+Initiative" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://media.nti.org/documents/20_NTI_AnnualReport.pdf">"2020 NTI Annual Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Nuclear Threat Initiative</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Threat+Initiative&rft.atitle=2020+NTI+Annual+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.nti.org%2Fdocuments%2F20_NTI_AnnualReport.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuclear+Threat+Initiative" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nti.org/about/financials/">"Financials"</a>. <i>The Nuclear Threat Initiative</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Nuclear+Threat+Initiative&rft.atitle=Financials&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nti.org%2Fabout%2Ffinancials%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuclear+Threat+Initiative" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_Threat_Initiative&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nti.org/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q453521#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/522289435">"Nuclear Threat Initiative Internal Revenue Service filings"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ProPublica" title="ProPublica">ProPublica</a> Nonprofit Explorer</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ProPublica+Nonprofit+Explorer&rft.atitle=Nuclear+Threat+Initiative+Internal+Revenue+Service+filings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprojects.propublica.org%2Fnonprofits%2Forganizations%2F522289435&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuclear+Threat+Initiative" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ntiindex.org/">Nuclear Security Index</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/publisher/nti">JSTOR Nuclear Threat Initiative, Research Reports</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Effective_altruism" title="Template:Effective altruism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Effective_altruism" title="Template talk:Effective altruism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Effective_altruism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Effective altruism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Effective_altruism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Effective_altruism" title="Effective altruism">Effective altruism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aid_effectiveness" title="Aid effectiveness">Aid effectiveness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charity_assessment" title="Charity assessment">Charity assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demandingness_objection" title="Demandingness objection">Demandingness objection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability-adjusted_life_year" title="Disability-adjusted life year">Disability-adjusted life year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disease_burden" title="Disease burden">Disease burden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributional_cost-effectiveness_analysis" title="Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis">Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earning_to_give" title="Earning to give">Earning to give</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_consideration_of_interests" title="Equal consideration of interests">Equal consideration of interests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longtermism" title="Longtermism">Longtermism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marginal_utility" title="Marginal utility">Marginal utility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_circle_expansion" title="Moral circle expansion">Moral circle expansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_barriers_to_effective_altruism" title="Psychological barriers to effective altruism">Psychological barriers to effective altruism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality-adjusted_life_year" title="Quality-adjusted life year">Quality-adjusted life year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utilitarianism" title="Utilitarianism">Utilitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_philanthropy" title="Venture philanthropy">Venture philanthropy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Bankman-Fried" title="Sam Bankman-Fried">Sam Bankman-Fried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liv_Boeree" title="Liv Boeree">Liv Boeree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Bostrom" title="Nick Bostrom">Nick Bostrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_Greaves" title="Hilary Greaves">Hilary Greaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holden_Karnofsky" title="Holden Karnofsky">Holden Karnofsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_MacAskill" title="William MacAskill">William MacAskill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Moskovitz" title="Dustin Moskovitz">Dustin Moskovitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yew-Kwang_Ng" title="Yew-Kwang Ng">Yew-Kwang Ng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toby_Ord" title="Toby Ord">Toby Ord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Parfit" title="Derek Parfit">Derek Parfit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Singer" title="Peter Singer">Peter Singer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cari_Tuna" title="Cari Tuna">Cari Tuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliezer_Yudkowsky" title="Eliezer Yudkowsky">Eliezer Yudkowsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/80,000_Hours" title="80,000 Hours">80,000 Hours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Against_Malaria_Foundation" title="Against Malaria Foundation">Against Malaria Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Charity_Evaluators" title="Animal Charity Evaluators">Animal Charity Evaluators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Ethics_(organization)" title="Animal Ethics (organization)">Animal Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Effective_Altruism" title="Centre for Effective Altruism">Centre for Effective Altruism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Enabling_EA_Learning_%26_Research" title="Centre for Enabling EA Learning & Research">Centre for Enabling EA Learning & Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_High_Impact_Philanthropy" title="Center for High Impact Philanthropy">Center for High Impact Philanthropy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_the_Study_of_Existential_Risk" title="Centre for the Study of Existential Risk">Centre for the Study of Existential Risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_Media_International" title="Development Media International">Development Media International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evidence_Action" title="Evidence Action">Evidence Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faunalytics" title="Faunalytics">Faunalytics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fistula_Foundation" title="Fistula Foundation">Fistula Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_Humanity_Institute" title="Future of Humanity Institute">Future of Humanity Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_Life_Institute" title="Future of Life Institute">Future of Life Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founders_Pledge" title="Founders Pledge">Founders Pledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GiveDirectly" title="GiveDirectly">GiveDirectly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GiveWell" title="GiveWell">GiveWell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giving_Multiplier" title="Giving Multiplier">Giving Multiplier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giving_What_We_Can" title="Giving What We Can">Giving What We Can</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Food_Fund" title="Good Food Fund">Good Food Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Food_Institute" title="The Good Food Institute">The Good Food Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Ventures" title="Good Ventures">Good Ventures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Humane_League" title="The Humane League">The Humane League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercy_for_Animals" title="Mercy for Animals">Mercy for Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machine_Intelligence_Research_Institute" title="Machine Intelligence Research Institute">Machine Intelligence Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaria_Consortium" title="Malaria Consortium">Malaria Consortium</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nuclear Threat Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Philanthropy_(organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Philanthropy (organization)">Open Philanthropy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raising_for_Effective_Giving" title="Raising for Effective Giving">Raising for Effective Giving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentience_Institute" title="Sentience Institute">Sentience Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unlimit_Health" title="Unlimit Health">Unlimit Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Animal_Initiative" title="Wild Animal Initiative">Wild Animal Initiative</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Focus areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biotechnology_risk" title="Biotechnology risk">Biotechnology risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultured_meat" title="Cultured meat">Cultured meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_stability" title="Economic stability">Economic stability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Existential_risk_from_artificial_general_intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="Existential risk from artificial general intelligence">Existential risk from artificial general intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_catastrophic_risk" title="Global catastrophic risk">Global catastrophic risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_health" title="Global health">Global health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_poverty" class="mw-redirect" title="Global poverty">Global poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_animal_farming" title="Intensive animal farming">Intensive animal farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_use" title="Land use">Land use reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_extension" title="Life extension">Life extension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaria_prevention" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaria prevention">Malaria prevention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_deworming" title="Mass deworming">Mass deworming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neglected_tropical_diseases" title="Neglected tropical diseases">Neglected tropical diseases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_of_astronomical_suffering" title="Risk of astronomical suffering">Risk of astronomical suffering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_animal_suffering" title="Wild animal suffering">Wild animal suffering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Doing_Good_Better" title="Doing Good Better">Doing Good Better</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_End_of_Animal_Farming" title="The End of Animal Farming">The End of Animal Farming</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Famine,_Affluence,_and_Morality" title="Famine, Affluence, and Morality">Famine, Affluence, and Morality</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Life_You_Can_Save" title="The Life You Can Save">The Life You Can Save</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Living_High_and_Letting_Die" title="Living High and Letting Die">Living High and Letting Die</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Most_Good_You_Can_Do" title="The Most Good You Can Do">The Most Good You Can Do</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Practical_Ethics" title="Practical Ethics">Practical Ethics</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Precipice:_Existential_Risk_and_the_Future_of_Humanity" title="The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity">The Precipice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Superintelligence:_Paths,_Dangers,_Strategies" title="Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies">Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/What_We_Owe_the_Future" title="What We Owe the Future">What We Owe the Future</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Effective_Altruism_Global" title="Effective Altruism Global">Effective Altruism Global</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Global_catastrophic_risks" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_fate_of_the_universe" title="Ultimate fate of the universe">Ultimate fate of the universe</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_warfare" title="Chemical warfare">Chemical warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberattack" title="Cyberattack">Cyberattack</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyberwarfare" title="Cyberwarfare">Cyberwarfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberterrorism" title="Cyberterrorism">Cyberterrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybergeddon" title="Cybergeddon">Cybergeddon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray_goo" title="Gray goo">Gray goo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_applications_of_nanotechnology#Weapons" title="Industrial applications of nanotechnology">Nanoweapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_bombardment" title="Kinetic bombardment">Kinetic bombardment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_energy_weapon" title="Kinetic energy weapon">Kinetic energy weapon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_warfare" title="Nuclear warfare">Nuclear warfare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_assured_destruction" title="Mutual assured destruction">Mutual assured destruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Hand" title="Dead Hand">Dead Hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doomsday_Clock" title="Doomsday Clock">Doomsday Clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doomsday_device" title="Doomsday device">Doomsday device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimatter_weapon" title="Antimatter weapon">Antimatter weapon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_pulse" title="Electromagnetic pulse">Electromagnetic pulse</a> (EMP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_of_high-energy_particle_collision_experiments" title="Safety of high-energy particle collision experiments">Safety of high-energy particle collision experiments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Micro_black_hole" title="Micro black hole">Micro black hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strangelet" title="Strangelet">Strangelet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_intelligence" title="Synthetic intelligence">Synthetic intelligence</a> / <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">Artificial intelligence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AI_takeover" title="AI takeover">AI takeover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Existential_risk_from_artificial_general_intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="Existential risk from artificial general intelligence">Existential risk from artificial intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technological_singularity" title="Technological singularity">Technological singularity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transhumanism" title="Transhumanism">Transhumanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sociological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropogenic_hazard" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthropogenic hazard">Anthropogenic hazard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collapsology" title="Collapsology">Collapsology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doomsday_argument" title="Doomsday argument">Doomsday argument</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Self-indication_assumption_doomsday_argument_rebuttal" title="Self-indication assumption doomsday argument rebuttal">Self-indication assumption doomsday argument rebuttal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-referencing_doomsday_argument_rebuttal" title="Self-referencing doomsday argument rebuttal">Self-referencing doomsday argument rebuttal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_collapse" title="Economic collapse">Economic collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malthusianism" title="Malthusianism">Malthusian catastrophe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_Order_(conspiracy_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="New World Order (conspiracy theory)">New World Order (conspiracy theory)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_holocaust" title="Nuclear holocaust">Nuclear holocaust</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cobalt_bomb" title="Cobalt bomb">cobalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_famine" title="Nuclear famine">famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_winter" title="Nuclear winter">winter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Societal_collapse" title="Societal collapse">Societal collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_collapse" title="State collapse">State collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_III" title="World War III">World War III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Climate_apocalypse" title="Climate apocalypse">Ecological</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Climate_variability_and_change" title="Climate variability and change">Climate change</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anoxic_event" title="Anoxic event">Anoxic event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_loss" title="Biodiversity loss">Biodiversity loss</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_mortality_event" title="Mass mortality event">Mass mortality event</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_effect_(ecology)" title="Cascade effect (ecology)">Cascade effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cataclysmic_pole_shift_hypothesis" title="Cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis">Cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_civilizational_collapse" title="Climate change and civilizational collapse">Climate change and civilizational collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">Deforestation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desertification" title="Desertification">Desertification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extinction_risk_from_climate_change" title="Extinction risk from climate change">Extinction risk from climate change</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tipping_points_in_the_climate_system" title="Tipping points in the climate system">Tipping points in the climate system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood_basalt" title="Flood basalt">Flood basalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_dimming" title="Global dimming">Global dimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_terrestrial_stilling" title="Global terrestrial stilling">Global terrestrial stilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">Global warming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypercane" title="Hypercane">Hypercane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_age" title="Ice age">Ice age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecocide" title="Ecocide">Ecocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_collapse" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecological collapse">Ecological collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_degradation" title="Environmental degradation">Environmental degradation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitat_destruction" title="Habitat destruction">Habitat destruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_impact_on_the_environment" title="Human impact on the environment">Human impact on the environment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_with_coral_reefs" title="Environmental issues with coral reefs">coral reefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_impact_on_marine_life" title="Human impact on marine life">on marine life</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_degradation" title="Land degradation">Land degradation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_consumption" title="Land consumption">Land consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_surface_effects_on_climate" title="Land surface effects on climate">Land surface effects on climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_acidification" title="Ocean acidification">Ocean acidification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozone_depletion" title="Ozone depletion">Ozone depletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_depletion" title="Resource depletion">Resource depletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_level_rise" title="Sea level rise">Sea level rise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supervolcano" title="Supervolcano">Supervolcano</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_winter" title="Volcanic winter">winter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verneshot" title="Verneshot">Verneshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_pollution" title="Water pollution">Water pollution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_scarcity" title="Water scarcity">Water scarcity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Earth_Overshoot_Day" title="Earth Overshoot Day">Earth Overshoot Day</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overexploitation" title="Overexploitation">Overexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overpopulation" title="Overpopulation">Overpopulation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_overpopulation" title="Human overpopulation">Human overpopulation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Biological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">Extinction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extinction_event" title="Extinction event">Extinction event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocene_extinction" title="Holocene extinction">Holocene extinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_extinction" title="Human extinction">Human extinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extinction_events" title="List of extinction events">List of extinction events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_erosion" title="Genetic erosion">Genetic erosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_pollution" title="Genetic pollution">Genetic pollution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_loss" title="Biodiversity loss">Biodiversity loss</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decline_in_amphibian_populations" title="Decline in amphibian populations">Decline in amphibian populations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decline_in_insect_populations" title="Decline in insect populations">Decline in insect populations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biotechnology_risk" title="Biotechnology risk">Biotechnology risk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biological_agent" title="Biological agent">Biological agent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_warfare" title="Biological warfare">Biological warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioterrorism" title="Bioterrorism">Bioterrorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_collapse_disorder" title="Colony collapse disorder">Colony collapse disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defaunation" title="Defaunation">Defaunation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysgenics" title="Dysgenics">Dysgenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interplanetary_contamination" title="Interplanetary contamination">Interplanetary contamination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandemic" title="Pandemic">Pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollinator_decline" title="Pollinator decline">Pollinator decline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overfishing" title="Overfishing">Overfishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Astronomical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Crunch" title="Big Crunch">Big Crunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Rip" title="Big Rip">Big Rip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronal_mass_ejection" title="Coronal mass ejection">Coronal mass ejection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmological_phase_transition" title="Cosmological phase transition">Cosmological phase transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geomagnetic_storm" title="Geomagnetic storm">Geomagnetic storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_vacuum_decay" class="mw-redirect" title="False vacuum decay">False vacuum decay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma-ray_burst" title="Gamma-ray burst">Gamma-ray burst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_death_of_the_universe" title="Heat death of the universe">Heat death of the universe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton_decay" title="Proton decay">Proton decay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_black_hole" title="Virtual black hole">Virtual black hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_event" title="Impact event">Impact event</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_impact_avoidance" title="Asteroid impact avoidance">Asteroid impact avoidance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_impact_prediction" title="Asteroid impact prediction">Asteroid impact prediction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potentially_hazardous_object" title="Potentially hazardous object">Potentially hazardous object</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_object" title="Near-Earth object">Near-Earth object</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_winter" title="Impact winter">winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_planet" title="Rogue planet">Rogue planet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_supernova" title="Near-Earth supernova">Near-Earth supernova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypernova" title="Hypernova">Hypernova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronova" title="Micronova">Micronova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_flare" title="Solar flare">Solar flare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_collision" title="Stellar collision">Stellar collision</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eschatology" title="Eschatology">Eschatological</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_eschatology" title="Buddhist eschatology">Buddhist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maitreya" title="Maitreya">Maitreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Ages_of_Buddhism" title="Three Ages of Buddhism">Three Ages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_eschatology" title="Hindu eschatology">Hindu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalki" title="Kalki">Kalki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Last Judgement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second Coming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Enoch" title="Book of Enoch">1 Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Daniel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abomination_of_desolation" title="Abomination of desolation">Abomination of desolation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophecy_of_Seventy_Weeks" title="Prophecy of Seventy Weeks">Prophecy of Seventy Weeks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_eschatology" title="Christian eschatology">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Futurism_(Christianity)" title="Futurism (Christianity)">Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicism_(Christianity)" title="Historicism (Christianity)">Historicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historicist_interpretations_of_the_Book_of_Revelation" title="Historicist interpretations of the Book of Revelation">Interpretations of Revelation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idealism_(Christian_eschatology)" title="Idealism (Christian eschatology)"> Idealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preterism" title="Preterism">Preterism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Esdras" title="2 Esdras">2 Esdras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="Second Epistle to the Thessalonians">2 Thessalonians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Man_of_sin" title="Man of sin">Man of sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katechon" title="Katechon">Katechon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antichrist" title="Antichrist">Antichrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Events_of_Revelation" title="Events of Revelation">Events</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Horsemen_of_the_Apocalypse" title="Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse">Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_of_fire" title="Lake of fire">Lake of fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Number_of_the_beast" title="Number of the beast">Number of the Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_bowls" title="Seven bowls">Seven bowls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_seals" title="Seven seals">Seven seals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beast_(Revelation)" title="The Beast (Revelation)">The Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_witnesses" title="Two witnesses">Two witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Heaven" title="War in Heaven">War in Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whore_of_Babylon" title="Whore of Babylon">Whore of Babylon</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Apostasy" title="Great Apostasy">Great Apostasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Earth_(Christianity)" title="New Earth (Christianity)">New Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jerusalem" title="New Jerusalem">New Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivet_Discourse" title="Olivet Discourse">Olivet Discourse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Tribulation" title="Great Tribulation">Great Tribulation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_perdition" title="Son of perdition">Son of perdition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sheep_and_the_Goats" title="The Sheep and the Goats">Sheep and Goats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qa%27im_Al_Muhammad" title="Qa'im Al Muhammad">Al-Qa'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beast_of_the_Earth" title="Beast of the Earth">Beast of the Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Qarnayn" title="Dhu al-Qarnayn">Dhu al-Qarnayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhul-Suwayqatayn" title="Dhul-Suwayqatayn">Dhul-Suwayqatayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Masih_ad-Dajjal" title="Al-Masih ad-Dajjal">Dajjal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israfil" title="Israfil">Israfil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufyani" title="Sufyani">Sufyani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_eschatology" title="Jewish eschatology">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messiah_in_Judaism" title="Messiah in Judaism">Messiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog" title="Gog and Magog">War of Gog and Magog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Temple" title="Third Temple">Third Temple</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnar%C3%B6k" title="Ragnarök">Norse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frashokereti" title="Frashokereti">Zoroastrian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saoshyant" title="Saoshyant">Saoshyant</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_end_times_prediction" title="2011 end times prediction">2011 end times prediction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_phenomenon" title="2012 phenomenon">2012 phenomenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse" title="Apocalypse">Apocalypse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_literature" title="Apocalyptic literature">Apocalyptic literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypticism" title="Apocalypticism">Apocalypticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armageddon" title="Armageddon">Armageddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_moon_prophecy" title="Blood moon prophecy">Blood moon prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Changes" title="Earth Changes">Earth Changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_catastrophic_risk" title="Global catastrophic risk">End time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog" title="Gog and Magog">Gog and Magog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dates_predicted_for_apocalyptic_events" title="List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events">List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messianism" title="Messianism">Messianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messianic_Age" title="Messianic Age">Messianic Age</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millenarianism" title="Millenarianism">Millenarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennialism" title="Millennialism">Millennialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premillennialism" title="Premillennialism">Premillennialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amillennialism" title="Amillennialism">Amillennialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmillennialism" title="Postmillennialism">Postmillennialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemesis_(hypothetical_star)" title="Nemesis (hypothetical star)">Nemesis (hypothetical star)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nibiru_cataclysm" title="Nibiru cataclysm">Nibiru cataclysm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapture" title="Rapture">Rapture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rapture#Prewrath_premillennialism" title="Rapture">Prewrath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-tribulation_rapture" title="Post-tribulation rapture">Post-tribulation rapture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_resurrection" title="Universal resurrection">Resurrection of the dead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_to_come" title="World to come">World to come</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fictional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alien_invasion" title="Alien invasion">Alien invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_and_post-apocalyptic_fiction" title="Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction">Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_apocalyptic_and_post-apocalyptic_fiction" title="List of apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction">List of apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_apocalyptic_films" title="List of apocalyptic films">List of apocalyptic films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_fiction" title="Climate fiction">Climate fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_film" title="Disaster film">Disaster films</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_disaster_films" title="List of disaster films">List of disaster films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_doomsday_devices" title="List of fictional doomsday devices">List of fictional doomsday devices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zombie_apocalypse" title="Zombie apocalypse">Zombie apocalypse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zombie" title="Zombie">Zombie</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_the_Study_of_Existential_Risk" title="Centre for the Study of Existential Risk">Centre for the Study of Existential Risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_Humanity_Institute" title="Future of Humanity Institute">Future of Humanity Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_Life_Institute" title="Future of Life Institute">Future of Life Institute</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nuclear Threat Initiative</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ransomware" title="Ransomware">Ransomware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberwarfare" title="Cyberwarfare">Cyberwarfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster" title="Disaster">Disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_depression" title="Economic depression">Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis" title="Financial crisis">Financial crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandemic" title="Pandemic">Pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riot" title="Riot">Riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_crisis" title="Social crisis">Social crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survivalism" title="Survivalism">Survivalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/16px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/24px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/32px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:World" title="Portal:World">World portal</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> Categories <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Apocalypticism" title="Category:Apocalypticism">Apocalypticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Future_problems" title="Category:Future problems">Future problems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hazards" title="Category:Hazards">Hazards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Risk_analysis" title="Category:Risk analysis">Risk analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Doomsday_scenarios" title="Category:Doomsday scenarios">Doomsday scenarios</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q453521#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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