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Россия — Wikipedia

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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/WikiProject_Council_with_transparent_background.svg/24px-WikiProject_Council_with_transparent_background.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"459\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80\" title=\"Википедия:Проектлар\"\u003EПроектлар\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E: \u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/2024_%D0%B5%D0%BB#Вафатлар\" title=\"2024 ел\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Kerze.png/5px-Kerze.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"5\" height=\"19\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Kerze.png/8px-Kerze.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Kerze.png/10px-Kerze.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"218\" data-file-height=\"822\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E \u003Cu\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/2024_%D0%B5%D0%BB#Вафатлар\" title=\"2024 ел\"\u003EХәтерТактасы\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/i\u003E\u003C/u\u003E \u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD/%D0%95%D0%BB_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B\" title=\"Википедия:Акыллы Татарстан/Ел проекты\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/2021TatarstanYearLogo-1.jpg/12px-2021TatarstanYearLogo-1.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/2021TatarstanYearLogo-1.jpg/18px-2021TatarstanYearLogo-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/2021TatarstanYearLogo-1.jpg/24px-2021TatarstanYearLogo-1.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"1626\" data-file-height=\"1626\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD/%D0%95%D0%BB_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B\" title=\"Википедия:Акыллы Татарстан/Ел проекты\"\u003EЕлПроекты\u003C/a\u003E \u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80\" title=\"Википедия:Марафоннар/Агымдагылар\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Olympic_pictogram_Athletics.png/12px-Olympic_pictogram_Athletics.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Olympic_pictogram_Athletics.png/18px-Olympic_pictogram_Athletics.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Olympic_pictogram_Athletics.png/24px-Olympic_pictogram_Athletics.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"300\" data-file-height=\"300\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80\" title=\"Википедия:Марафоннар/Агымдагылар\"\u003EАгымдагыМарафоннар\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E: \u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82:%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%B1%D3%99%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B\" title=\"Википедия:Проект:Төбәк тематик атналыгы\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/World_Map_%28political%29.svg/20px-World_Map_%28political%29.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"20\" height=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/World_Map_%28political%29.svg/30px-World_Map_%28political%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/World_Map_%28political%29.svg/40px-World_Map_%28political%29.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1920\" data-file-height=\"975\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E \u003Cu\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82:%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%B1%D3%99%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B\" title=\"Проект:Төбәк тематик атналыгы\"\u003EТөбәкАтналыгы\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/i\u003E \u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82:%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%B5_2024\" title=\"Википедия:Проект:Азия ае 2024\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg/20px-Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"20\" height=\"22\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg/30px-Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg/40px-Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"555\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E \u003Cu\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82:%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%B5_2024\" title=\"Проект:Азия ае 2024\"\u003EАзия ае 2024\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/i\u003E\u003C/small\u003E\n\u003C/small\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003Csmall\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"clear: both;\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003C/small\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Эчтәлек" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Эчтәлек</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">переместить в боковую панель</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">яшерү</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Башы</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Географик_мәгълүмәт" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Географик_мәгълүмәт"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Географик мәгълүмәт</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Географик_мәгълүмәт-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Отобразить/Скрыть подраздел Географик мәгълүмәт</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Географик_мәгълүмәт-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Россиянең_чикләре" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Россиянең_чикләре"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Россиянең чикләре</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Россиянең_чикләре-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Тарих" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Тарих"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Тарих</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Тарих-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Отобразить/Скрыть подраздел Тарих</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Тарих-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Башлангыч_тарих" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Башлангыч_тарих"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Башлангыч тарих</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Башлангыч_тарих-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Идел_буе_Болгары" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Идел_буе_Болгары"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Идел буе Болгары</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Идел_буе_Болгары-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Киев_Русе" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Киев_Русе"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Киев Русе</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Киев_Русе-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Рус_кенәзлекләре" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Рус_кенәзлекләре"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Рус кенәзлекләре</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Рус_кенәзлекләре-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Алтын_Урда_чоры" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Алтын_Урда_чоры"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Алтын Урда чоры</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Алтын_Урда_чоры-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Рус_кенәзлекләрен_берләштерү._Мәскәү_дәүләтнең_барлыкка_килүе" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Рус_кенәзлекләрен_берләштерү._Мәскәү_дәүләтнең_барлыкка_килүе"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Рус кенәзлекләрен берләштерү. Мәскәү дәүләтнең барлыкка килүе</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Рус_кенәзлекләрен_берләштерү._Мәскәү_дәүләтнең_барлыкка_килүе-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Фетнәле_заман._Романовлар_династиясенең_патшалык_итә_башлавы." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Фетнәле_заман._Романовлар_династиясенең_патшалык_итә_башлавы."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Фетнәле заман. Романовлар династиясенең патшалык итә башлавы.</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Фетнәле_заман._Романовлар_династиясенең_патшалык_итә_башлавы.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Россия_империясе" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Россия_империясе"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Россия империясе</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Россия_империясе-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Барлыкка_килүе,_XVIII_гасыр" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Барлыкка_килүе,_XVIII_гасыр"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.1</span> <span>Барлыкка килүе, XVIII гасыр</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Барлыкка_килүе,_XVIII_гасыр-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-XIX_гасыр" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XIX_гасыр"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.2</span> <span>XIX гасыр</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XIX_гасыр-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-XX_гасыр" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XX_гасыр"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>XX гасыр</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XX_гасыр-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Совет_дәвере" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Совет_дәвере"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Совет дәвере</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Совет_дәвере-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Россия_ватандашлар_сугышы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Россия_ватандашлар_сугышы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.1</span> <span>Россия ватандашлар сугышы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Россия_ватандашлар_сугышы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Бөек_Ватан_сугышы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Бөек_Ватан_сугышы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.2</span> <span>Бөек Ватан сугышы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Бөек_Ватан_сугышы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Россия_Федерациясе" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Россия_Федерациясе"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>Россия Федерациясе</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Россия_Федерациясе-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Халык" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Халык"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Халык</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Халык-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Отобразить/Скрыть подраздел Халык</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Халык-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Эре_шәһәрләр" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Эре_шәһәрләр"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Эре шәһәрләр</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Эре_шәһәрләр-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Милли_состав" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Милли_состав"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Милли состав</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Милли_состав-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Россия_татарлары" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Россия_татарлары"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Россия татарлары</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Россия_татарлары-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Федератив_төзелеш" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Федератив_төзелеш"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Федератив төзелеш</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Федератив_төзелеш-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Дәүләт_төзелеше" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Дәүләт_төзелеше"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Дәүләт төзелеше</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Дәүләт_төзелеше-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Отобразить/Скрыть подраздел Дәүләт төзелеше</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Дәүләт_төзелеше-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Башкарма_хакимияте" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Башкарма_хакимияте"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Башкарма хакимияте</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Башкарма_хакимияте-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Закон_чыгара_торган_хакимияте" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Закон_чыгара_торган_хакимияте"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Закон чыгара торган хакимияте</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Закон_чыгара_торган_хакимияте-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Сәяси_фиркаләр" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Сәяси_фиркаләр"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Сәяси фиркаләр</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Сәяси_фиркаләр-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Дәүләти_бәйрәмнәр" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Дәүләти_бәйрәмнәр"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Дәүләти бәйрәмнәр</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Дәүләти_бәйрәмнәр-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Кораллы_көчләр" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Кораллы_көчләр"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Кораллы көчләр</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Кораллы_көчләр-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Икътисад" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Икътисад"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Икътисад</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Икътисад-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Отобразить/Скрыть подраздел Икътисад</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Икътисад-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Гомум_хәле,_төп_күрсәткечләре" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Гомум_хәле,_төп_күрсәткечләре"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Гомум хәле, төп күрсәткечләре</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Гомум_хәле,_төп_күрсәткечләре-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Сәнәгать" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Сәнәгать"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Сәнәгать</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Сәнәгать-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Авыл_хуҗалыгы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Авыл_хуҗалыгы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Авыл хуҗалыгы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Авыл_хуҗалыгы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Транспорт_һәм_элемтә" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Транспорт_һәм_элемтә"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Транспорт һәм элемтә</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Транспорт_һәм_элемтә-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Отобразить/Скрыть подраздел Транспорт һәм элемтә</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Транспорт_һәм_элемтә-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Су_транспорты" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Су_транспорты"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Су транспорты</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Су_транспорты-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Автомобиль_транспорты" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Автомобиль_транспорты"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Автомобиль транспорты</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Автомобиль_транспорты-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Тимер_юл_транспорты" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Тимер_юл_транспорты"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Тимер юл транспорты</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Тимер_юл_транспорты-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Һава_транспорты" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Һава_транспорты"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Һава транспорты</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Һава_транспорты-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Искәрмәләр" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Искәрмәләр"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Искәрмәләр</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Искәрмәләр-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Сылтамалар" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Сылтамалар"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Сылтамалар</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Сылтамалар-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Моны_да_карагыз" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Моны_да_карагыз"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Моны да карагыз</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Моны_да_карагыз-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Эчтәлек" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Отобразить/Скрыть содержание" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Отобразить/Скрыть содержание</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Россия</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Перейти к статье на другом языке. Доступно на 320 языках" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-320" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">320 тел</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D3%99%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Урыстәыла — абхазский" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Урыстәыла" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="абхазский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia — ачехский" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="ачехский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Урысые — адыгейский" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Урысые" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="адыгейский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="сайланган мәкаләләр"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland — африкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rusland" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland — швейцарский немецкий" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швейцарский немецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Россия — южноалтайский" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Россия" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="южноалтайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A9%E1%88%B2%E1%8B%AB" title="ሩሲያ — амхар" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሩሲያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амхар" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia — Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia — арагонский" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland — староанглийский" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="староанглийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%E1%BB%8D%E1%B9%A3ia" title="Rọṣia — оболо" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Rọṣia" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="оболо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस — ангика" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ангика" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="сайланган мәкаләләр"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="روسيا — гарәп" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روسيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="гарәп" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A3%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܪܘܣܝܐ — арамейский" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܪܘܣܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="арамейский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="روسيا — Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="روسيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="روسيا — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روسيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="ৰাছিয়া — ассам" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৰাছিয়া" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ассам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia — астурийский" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russie" title="Russie — атикамек" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Russie" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="атикамек" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Россия — аварский" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Россия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="аварский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossia" title="Rossia — Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Rossia" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस — авадхи" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="авадхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiya" title="Rusiya — аймара" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Rusiya" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="аймара" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiya" title="Rusiya — әзәрбайҗан" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rusiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="әзәрбайҗан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87" title="روسیه — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="روسیه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%81%D3%99%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Рәсәй Федерацияһы — башкорт" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Рәсәй Федерацияһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башкорт" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia — бали" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="бали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ros%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Rosėjė — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Rosėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Расія — белорус" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Расія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорус" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Расея — белорусский (тарашкевица)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Расея" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="белорусский (тарашкевица)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruslan" title="Ruslan — Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Ruslan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Русия — болгар" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Русия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгар" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस — Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasia" title="Rasia — бислама" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Rasia" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="бислама" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia — Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="ရသျားခမ်းထီ — Pa&#039;O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ရသျားခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa&#039;O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risila" title="Risila — бамбара" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Risila" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="бамбара" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="রাশিয়া — бенгали" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রাশিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨུ་རུ་སུ། — тибет" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨུ་རུ་སུ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="тибет" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="রাশিয়া — Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="রাশিয়া" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia — бретон" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija — босния" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rusija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босния" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia — Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%91%E1%A8%98%E1%A8%94%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%95" title="ᨑᨘᨔᨗᨕ — бугийский" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨑᨘᨔᨗᨕ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="бугийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Оросой холбоото улас — бурятский" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Оросой холбоото улас" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="бурятский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia — каталан" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rússia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia — Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%B2%CC%A4-l%C3%B2%CC%A4-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86" title="Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆ — Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Росси — чеченский" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Росси" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="чеченский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya — себуано" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="себуано" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia — чаморро" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="чаморро" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%B2%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%A2" title="ᏲᏂᎢ — чероки" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏲᏂᎢ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="чероки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia — шайенский" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="шайенский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ڕووسیا — үзәк көрд" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕووسیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="үзәк көрд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia — корсика" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="корсика" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiye" title="Rusiye — крымско-татарский" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Rusiye" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="крымско-татарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusko" title="Rusko — чех" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rusko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чех" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusk%C3%B4" title="Ruskô — кашубский" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Ruskô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="кашубский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%A1%D1%81%D1%97%EA%99%97" title="Рѡсїꙗ — церковнославянский" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Рѡсїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="церковнославянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%C3%A7%C3%A7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9%C4%95" title="Раççей Федерацийĕ — чувашский" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Раççей Федерацийĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwsia" title="Rwsia — уэльс" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rwsia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="уэльс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="добротная статья"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland — дания" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rusland" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дания" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia — Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland — алман" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="алман" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruccia" title="Ruccia — динка" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Ruccia" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="динка" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya — Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusojska" title="Rusojska — түбән сорб" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Rusojska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="түбән сорб" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia — Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस — Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%83%DE%AB%DE%90%DE%A9%DE%88%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%A7%DE%8C%DE%B0" title="ރޫސީވިލާތް — мальдив" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ރޫސީވިލާތް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="мальдив" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B1%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%95%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8C%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%B1%E0%BD%93" title="ར་ཤི་ཡཱན་ཕེ་ཌི་རེ་ཤཱན — дзонг-кха" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ར་ཤི་ཡཱན་ཕེ་ཌི་རེ་ཤཱན" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="дзонг-кха" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia — эве" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="эве" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CF%89%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ρωσία — грек" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρωσία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грек" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossia" title="Rossia — Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Rossia" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia — инглиз" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="инглиз" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusio" title="Rusio — эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rusio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia — испан" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venemaa" title="Venemaa — эстон" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Venemaa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errusia" title="Errusia — баск" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Errusia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia — Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87" title="روسیه — фарсы" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روسیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="фарсы" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roosiya" title="Roosiya — фула" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Roosiya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="фула" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C3%A4j%C3%A4" title="Venäjä — фин" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Venäjä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinnemaa" title="Vinnemaa — выруский" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Vinnemaa" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="выруский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia — фиджи" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="фиджи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland — фарер" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарер" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russie" title="Russie — француз" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Russie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француз" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia — Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruslun" title="Ruslun — северный фризский" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ruslun" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="северный фризский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russie" title="Russie — фриульский" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Russie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="фриульский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusl%C3%A2n" title="Ruslân — западнофризский" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ruslân" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="западнофризский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_R%C3%BAis" title="An Rúis — ирланд" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Rúis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирланд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiya" title="Rusiya — гагаузский" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Rusiya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="гагаузский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="俄羅斯 — гань" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="俄羅斯" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="гань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risi" title="Risi — Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Risi" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ruis" title="An Ruis — шотланд гэль" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An Ruis" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="шотланд гэль" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia — галисия" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисия" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%87" title="رۊسيه — Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="رۊسيه" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rr%C3%BAsia" title="Rrúsia — гуарани" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Rrúsia" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуарани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस — Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia — горонтало" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="горонтало" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B3" title="𐍂𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳 — готский" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍂𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="готский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE" title="રશિયા — гуҗарати" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="રશિયા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="гуҗарати" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia — Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Roosh" title="Yn Roosh — мэнский" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Roosh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="мэнский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasha" title="Rasha — хауса" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Rasha" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="хауса" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%B2-l%C3%B2-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%82" title="Ngò-lò-sṳ̂ — хакка" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngò-lò-sṳ̂" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="хакка" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%ABsia" title="Rūsia — гавайи" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Rūsia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="гавайи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%94" title="רוסיה — яһүд" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוסיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="яһүд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस — һинд" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="һинд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia — Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="сайланган мәкаләләр"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija — хорват" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rusija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорват" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruska" title="Ruska — югары сорб" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Ruska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="югары сорб" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risi" title="Risi — гаити креол" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Risi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="гаити креол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oroszorsz%C3%A1g" title="Oroszország — венгр" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Oroszország" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгр" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Ռուսաստան — әрмән" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռուսաստան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="әрмән" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Ռուսիա — западноармянский" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ռուսիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="западноармянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia — интерлингва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia — ибанский" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ибанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia — индонезия" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезия" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia — интерлингве" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="интерлингве" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpaghara_Russia" title="Mpaghara Russia — игбо" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Mpaghara Russia" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="игбо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruusiq_(nuna)" title="Uruusiq (nuna) — инупиак" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Uruusiq (nuna)" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="инупиак" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia — илоко" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="илоко" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5" title="Эрсече — ингушский" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Эрсече" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ингушский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia — идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAssland" title="Rússland — исланд" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rússland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исланд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia — итальян" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итальян" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%85%E1%93%9B%E1%93%B4" title="ᐅᓛᓴ — инуктикут" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐅᓛᓴ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="инуктикут" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2" title="ロシア — япон" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロシア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="япон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosha" title="Rosha — Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Rosha" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/rukygu%27e" title="rukygu&#039;e — ложбан" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="rukygu&#039;e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ложбан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruslan" title="Ruslan — яванский" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ruslan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="яванский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="რუსეთი — грузин" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რუსეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossiya" title="Rossiya — каракалпакский" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Rossiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="каракалпакский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya — кабильский" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="кабильский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Урысей — кабардинский" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Урысей" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="кабардинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruusii" title="Ruusii — Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ruusii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roshya" title="Roshya — тьяп" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Roshya" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="тьяп" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia — конго" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="конго" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia — Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racia" title="Racia — кикуйю" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Racia" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="кикуйю" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Ресей — казакъ" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ресей" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казакъ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8" title="រុស្ស៊ី — кхмер" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="រុស្ស៊ី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="кхмер" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE" title="ರಷ್ಯಾ — каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಷ್ಯಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84" title="러시아 — корея" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="러시아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корея" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Рочму — коми-пермяцкий" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Рочму" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="коми-пермяцкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Россия Федерация — карачаево-балкарский" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Россия Федерация" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="карачаево-балкарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%97%D8%B3" title="روٗس — кашмири" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="روٗس" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="кашмири" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland — кёльнский" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="кёльнский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BBsya" title="Rûsya — көрд" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rûsya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="көрд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Рочму — коми" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Рочму" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="коми" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russi" title="Russi — корнский" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Russi" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="корнский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Орусия — кыргыз" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Орусия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="кыргыз" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia — латин" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia — ладино" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ладино" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland — люксембург" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембург" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Аьрасат — лакский" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Аьрасат" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="лакский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Урусат — лезгинский" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Урусат" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="лезгинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwasha" title="Rwasha — ганда" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Rwasha" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ганда" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3slandj" title="Róslandj — лимбургский" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Róslandj" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбургский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B9scia" title="Rùscia — Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Rùscia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruscia" title="Ruscia — Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Ruscia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BCssia" title="Rüssia — Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Rüssia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%C3%AD" title="Rusí — лингала" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Rusí" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="лингала" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%8D" title="ປະເທດລັດເຊຍ — лаос" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດລັດເຊຍ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="лаос" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija — литва" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rusija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C4%ABveja" title="Krīveja — латгальский" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Krīveja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="латгальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="яхшы мәкаләләр"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krievija" title="Krievija — латыш" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Krievija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латыш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia — мадурский" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="мадурский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस — майтхили" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="майтхили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia — Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Россия мастор — мокшанский" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Россия мастор" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="мокшанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosia" title="Rosia — малагаси" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Rosia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малагаси" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Россий — луговомарийский" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Россий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="луговомарийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%ABhia" title="Rūhia — маори" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Rūhia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="маори" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia — минангкабау" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="минангкабау" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Русија — македон" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Русија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="റഷ്യ — малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റഷ്യ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="сайланган мәкаләләр"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Орос — монгол" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Орос" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="монгол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥ — манипури" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="манипури" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC" title="ရုရှာ — Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ရုရှာ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="रशिया — маратхи" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रशिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Россий — горномарийский" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Россий" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="горномарийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia — малай" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russja" title="Russja — мальта" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Russja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="мальта" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia — мирандский" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Rússia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="мирандский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ရုရှားနိုင်ငံ — бирма" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရုရှားနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирма" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Россия Мастор — эрзянский" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Россия Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="эрзянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87" title="روسیه — мазандеранский" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="روسیه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="мазандеранский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia — неаполитанский" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="неаполитанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland — нижненемецкий" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="нижненемецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruslaand" title="Ruslaand — нижнесаксонский" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Ruslaand" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="нижнесаксонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8" title="रुस — непали" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रुस" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8" title="रुस — неварский" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="रुस" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="неварский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia — ниас" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="ниас" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland — голланд" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rusland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="голланд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland — нюнорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нюнорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="сайланган мәкаләләр"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland — норвежский букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежский букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia — Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%8C%DF%AC%DF%99%DF%8C%DF%AC%DF%9B%DF%8C%DF%AB" title="ߌ߬ߙߌ߬ߛߌ߫ — нко" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߌ߬ߙߌ߬ߛߌ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="нко" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russie" title="Russie — Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Russie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia — северный сото" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="северный сото" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%CA%BC%C3%A9%C3%A9%CA%BC_%C5%81ich%C3%AD%C3%AD%CA%BC%C3%AD_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Biʼééʼ Łichííʼí Bikéyah — навахо" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Biʼééʼ Łichííʼí Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="навахо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia — ньянҗа" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="ньянҗа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia — окситан" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%27a" title="Ven&#039;a — ливвиковский карельский" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Ven&#039;a" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="ливвиковский карельский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raashiyaa" title="Raashiyaa — оромо" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Raashiyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="оромо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%8B%E0%AC%B7%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86" title="ଋଷିଆ — ория" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଋଷିଆ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="ория" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%C3%A6%D1%80%C3%A6%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Уæрæсе — осетинский" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Уæрæсе" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="осетинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8" title="ਰੂਸ — пәнҗаби" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੂਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="пәнҗаби" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia — пангасинан" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="пангасинан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia — пампанга" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="пампанга" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia — папьяменто" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="папьяменто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russie" title="Russie — Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Russie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossia" title="Rossia — нигерийско-креольский" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Rossia" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="нигерийско-креольский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland — Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland — Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस — пали" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="пали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusha" title="Rusha — Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Rusha" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosja" title="Rosja — поляк" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rosja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="поляк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="روس — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="روس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ρουσία — понтийский" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Ρουσία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="понтийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87" title="روسیه — пушту" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="روسیه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="сайланган мәкаләләр"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia — португал" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rússia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португал" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya — кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia — ретороман" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="ретороман" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiya" title="Rusiya — влашский цыганский" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Rusiya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="влашский цыганский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uburusiya" title="Uburusiya — рунди" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Uburusiya" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="рунди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia — румын" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румын" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arusia" title="Arusia — арумынский" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Arusia" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="арумынский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russie" title="Russie — Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Russie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Россия — рус" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Россия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="рус" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Росія — русинский" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Росія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="русинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uburusiya" title="Uburusiya — руанда" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Uburusiya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="руанда" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="रास्या — санскрит" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रास्या" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="санскрит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%B0" title="Арассыыйа — саха" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Арассыыйа" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ — сантали" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="сантали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B9ssia" title="Rùssia — сардинский" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Rùssia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="сардинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="сайланган мәкаләләр"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia — сицилийский" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сицилийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roushie" title="Roushie — шотландский" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Roushie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="روس — синдһи" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="روس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="синдһи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruo%C5%A1%C5%A1a" title="Ruošša — төньяк саам" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Ruošša" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="төньяк саам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%C3%AFi" title="Rusïi — санго" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Rusïi" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="санго" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija — сербскохорватский" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rusija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сербскохорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya — ташельхит" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="ташельхит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BB%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8" title="မိူင်းရတ်ႈသျႃး — шанский" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းရတ်ႈသျႃး" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="шанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="රුසියාව — сингал" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රුසියාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сингал" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusko" title="Rusko — словак" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rusko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словак" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="روس — Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="روس" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija — словен" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rusija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словен" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia — самоанский" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="самоанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruo%C5%A1%C5%A1%C3%A2" title="Ruoššâ — инари-саам" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ruoššâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="инари-саам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhashiya" title="Rhashiya — шона" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Rhashiya" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="шона" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruushka" title="Ruushka — сомали" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ruushka" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="сомали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia — албан" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Русија — серб" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Русија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="серб" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland — сранан-тонго" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Rusland" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="сранан-тонго" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRashiya" title="IRashiya — свази" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IRashiya" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="свази" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashea" title="Rashea — южный сото" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Rashea" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="южный сото" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruslound" title="Ruslound — Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Ruslound" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia — сунданский" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сунданский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryssland" title="Ryssland — швед" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ryssland" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="швед" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urusi" title="Urusi — суахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Urusi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusyjo" title="Rusyjo — силезский" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Rusyjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="силезский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia — Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="உருசியா — тамил" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உருசியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамил" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia — Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE" title="ರಷ್ಯಾ — Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ರಷ್ಯಾ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE" title="రష్యా — телугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రష్యా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAsia" title="Rúsia — тетум" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Rúsia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="тетум" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Русия — таҗик" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Русия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таҗик" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ประเทศรัสเซีย — тай" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศรัสเซีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A9%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%AB" title="ሩስያ — тигринья" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ሩስያ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="тигринья" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russi%C3%BDa" title="Russiýa — төрекмән" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Russiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="төрекмән" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya — тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urusij%C9%99t" title="Urusijət — талышский" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Urusijət" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="талышский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia — тсвана" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="тсвана" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%ABsia" title="Lūsia — тонга" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Lūsia" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="тонга" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasia" title="Rasia — ток-писин" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Rasia" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="ток-писин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya — төрек" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="төрек" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia — седекский" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="седекский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhaxiya" title="Rhaxiya — тсонга" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Rhaxiya" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="тсонга" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="яхшы мәкаләләр"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia — тумбука" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="тумбука" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia — тви" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="тви" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%ABtia" title="Rūtia — таитянский" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Rūtia" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="таитянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Россия — тувинский" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Россия" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="тувинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Россия — удмуртский" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Россия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="удмуртский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="روسىيە — уйгыр" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="روسىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="уйгыр" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Росія — украин" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Росія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="روس — урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="روس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossiya" title="Rossiya — үзбәк" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Rossiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="үзбәк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashia" title="Rashia — венда" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Rashia" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="венда" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B9sia" title="Rùsia — Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Rùsia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C3%A4ma" title="Venäma — вепсский" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Venäma" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="вепсский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nga" title="Nga — вьетнам" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nga" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland — West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Rusland" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%C3%A4n" title="Rusän — волапюк" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Rusän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="волапюк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BBsseye" title="Rûsseye — валлонский" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Rûsseye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="валлонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya — варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riisi" title="Riisi — волоф" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Riisi" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="волоф" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯 — у" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="俄罗斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="у" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B8%D1%86%D3%99%D0%BD" title="Орсин Ниицән — калмыцкий" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Орсин Ниицән" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="калмыцкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRashiya" title="IRashiya — коса" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IRashiya" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="коса" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="რუსეთი — мегрельский" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რუსეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="мегрельский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93" title="רוסלאנד — идиш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רוסלאנד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%E1%BB%8D%CC%81s%C3%AD%C3%A0" title="Rọ́síà — йоруба" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Rọ́síà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="йоруба" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngozlozswh" title="Ngozlozswh — чжуань" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ngozlozswh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="чжуань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland — Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Rusland" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%A2%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ — тамазигхтский" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="тамазигхтский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯 — кытай" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="俄罗斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="кытай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="俄羅斯 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="俄羅斯" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%8D%CD%98-se-a" title="Lō͘-se-a — миньнань" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lō͘-se-a" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="миньнань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="俄羅斯 — кантонский" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="俄羅斯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRashiya" title="IRashiya — зулу" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IRashiya" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="зулу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q159#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Башка телләргә сылтамалар өстәү" class="wbc-editpage">Сылтамалар өстәү</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Исемара"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Мәкаләнең эчтәлеге [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Мәкалә</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon 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Сез аның чыганак текстын гына карый аласыз. [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Чыганакны карау</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F&amp;action=history" title="Битнең төзәтмәләре исемлеге [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Тарихын карау</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Инструменты для страниц"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Кораллар" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Кораллар</span> </label> <div 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class="mw-redirectedfrom">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5&amp;redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Россия Федерациясе">Россия Федерациясе</a> битеннән юнәлтелде)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tt" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellspacing="1" style="border-spacing: 1px; width:22em;"><caption class="" style="">Россия</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"><div style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px 3px;"><span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P41" data-wikidata-claim-id="Q159$699A9E0F-9353-4EFC-B17F-39CE42AA7E94"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/150px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/225px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/300px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div> </div> <div style="font-size:90%;">Байрак</div> <div style="padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P94" data-wikidata-claim-id="q159$19262D1D-F9F1-40C4-A8C0-DBFA28E45835"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg/100px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg/150px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg/200px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="437" data-file-height="517" /></a></span></span></span></div> <div style="font-size:90%;">Илтамга</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th style="">Шигарь</th> <td class="" style="">Reveal your own Russia&#160;<span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159?uselang=tt#P1451" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style="">Башкала</th> <td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D3%99%D2%AF" title="Мәскәү">Мәскәү</a></td></tr><tr><th style="">Халык саны</th> <td class="" style="">145&#160;975&#160;300 (2021, халык санын бәяләү)&#160;<span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159?uselang=tt#P1082" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style="">Нигезләнгән</th> <td class="" style="">25 декабрь 1991&#160;<span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159?uselang=tt#P571" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style="">Сәгать кушагы</th> <td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a></td></tr><tr><th style="">Рәсми тел</th> <td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Рус теле">рус теле</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ddf;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="География">География</a></th></tr><tr><th style="">Мәйдан</th> <td class="" style="">17,075,400 <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80" title="Квадрат километр">км²</a></td></tr><tr><th style="">Координатлар</th> <td class="" style="">66.42°N 94.25°E&#160;<span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159?uselang=tt#P625" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ddf;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%99%D1%8F%D1%81%D3%99%D1%82" title="Сәясәт">Сәясәт</a></th></tr><tr><th style="">Башкарма орган</th> <td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A5%D3%A9%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Россия Хөкүмәте">Россия Федерациясе Хөкүмәте</a></td></tr><tr><th style="">Канун чыгару органы</th> <td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D2%A3_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9C%D3%99%D2%97%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Россия Федерациясенең Федераль Мәҗлесе">Россия Федерациясе Федераль Җыелышы</a></td></tr><tr><th style="">Дәүләт башлыгы исеме</th> <td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Россия Федерациясе Президенты">Россия Федерациясе Президенты</a></td></tr><tr><th style="">Дәүләт башлыгы</th> <td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Владимир Путин">Владимир Путин</a></td></tr><tr><th style="">Башлык исеме</th> <td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5_%D1%85%D3%A9%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%82%D0%B5_%D1%80%D3%99%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Россия Федерациясе хөкүмәте рәисләре">Россия Федерациясе Хөкүмәтенең рәисе</a></td></tr><tr><th style="">Хөкүмәт башлыгы</th> <td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Михаил Мишустин">Михаил Мишустин</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 280px; height: 250px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="280" data-height="250" data-zoom="1" data-lat="66.416666666667" data-lon="94.25" data-overlays="[&quot;_bb29ec1e8d8030df8740140d148bec0830708e26&quot;]" href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:Map/1/66.416666666667/94.25/tt"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,1,66.416666666667,94.25,280x250.png?lang=tt&amp;domain=tt.wikipedia.org&amp;title=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F&amp;revid=4248347&amp;groups=_bb29ec1e8d8030df8740140d148bec0830708e26" width="280" height="250" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,1,66.416666666667,94.25,280x250@2x.png?lang=tt&amp;domain=tt.wikipedia.org&amp;title=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F&amp;revid=4248347&amp;groups=_bb29ec1e8d8030df8740140d148bec0830708e26 2x" alt="Карта" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ddf;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Икътисад">Икътисад</a></th></tr><tr><th style=""><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%AD%D0%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="ТЭП">ТЭП</a></th> <td class="" style="">1&#160;836&#160;892 миллион&#160;US$ (2021), 2&#160;240&#160;422 миллион&#160;US$ (2022)&#160;<span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159?uselang=tt#P2131" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style="">Акча берәмлеге</th> <td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Россия сумы">Россия сумы</a></td></tr><tr><th style=""><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%88%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Эшсезлек">Эшсезлек</a> дәрәҗәсе</th> <td class="" style="">4.496 (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-fe76f2a12d5ec0cc4f87479c560b33800328b8ec-v9_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-fe76f2a12d5ec0cc4f87479c560b33800328b8ec-v9-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="">Туу күрсәткече</th> <td class="" style="">1.7 (2014)<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-cbbfd8aea8c18a0932779aa32248bfea86b21d15-v9_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-cbbfd8aea8c18a0932779aa32248bfea86b21d15-v9-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style=""><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%9F%D2%AE%D0%98" class="mw-redirect" title="КПҮИ">КПҮИ</a></th> <td class="" style="">0.822 (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-e548aea921984ef4ec84b65d4220d0a277f8a938-v9_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-e548aea921984ef4ec84b65d4220d0a277f8a938-v9-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="">Яшәү озынлыгы</th> <td class="" style="">71.59293 <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB" title="Ел">ел</a> (2016)<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-47aa5194a39be105360cff2e65c96c5da75f1a6f-v9_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-47aa5194a39be105360cff2e65c96c5da75f1a6f-v9-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style=""><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%8D%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Джини коэффициенты">Джини коэффициенты</a></th> <td class="" style="">36 (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-fbecc91df309c6a24e7220dcc7f05105bebe7b68-v9_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-fbecc91df309c6a24e7220dcc7f05105bebe7b68-v9-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ddf;">Башка мәгълүмат</th></tr><tr><th style="">Ярдәм телефоннары</th> <td class="" style=""></td></tr><tr><th style="">Автомобил хәрәкәте ягы</th> <td class="" style="">уң<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-b7450da492648eb7c723ac8bdf33491074d2ba64-v9_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-b7450da492648eb7c723ac8bdf33491074d2ba64-v9-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="">Челтәр көчәнеше</th> <td class="" style="">220 <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82" title="Вольт">вольт</a><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-d3f3044223fc828bbf81d4d1c8a2c203bcb81b77-v9_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-d3f3044223fc828bbf81d4d1c8a2c203bcb81b77-v9-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="">Телефон коды</th> <td class="" style="">+7</td></tr><tr><th style=""><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1" title="ISO 3166-1">ISO 3166-1</a> коды</th> <td class="" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:RU">RU</a></td></tr><tr><th style=""><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Олимпия уеннары">ХОК коды</a></th> <td class="" style="">RUS</td></tr><tr><th style=""><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Интернет домены">Интернет домены</a></th> <td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/.ru" title=".ru">.ru</a>, <a href="/wiki/.%D1%80%D1%84" title=".рф">.рф</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-d8fc6ea78078a64146609cb1d4da37bdf1e89041-v9_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-d8fc6ea78078a64146609cb1d4da37bdf1e89041-v9-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/.su" title=".su">.su</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Россия</b> яки <b>Рәсәй</b>, кайвакыт <b>Русия</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Рус теле">рус.</a>&#160;<i><span lang="ru">Россия</span></i>), рәсми исеме <b>Россия Федерациясе</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Рус теле">рус.</a>&#160;<i><span lang="ru">Российская Федерация, РФ</span></i>) — <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Евразия">Евразиядә</a> урнашкан <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%BF%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D3%99%D2%AF%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%82" title="Күпмилләтле дәүләт">күпмилләтле дәүләт</a>; <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D3%99%D2%AF%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Федератив дәүләт">федератив</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Республика">республика</a>. Мәйданы, халык саны, икътисади куәте ягыннан элеккеге <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Россия Империясе">Россия Империясе</a> җирлегендә барлыкка килгән республикаларның иң зурысы; <a href="/wiki/1917_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1917 ел">1917 елның</a> Сентябреннән <b>Россия Республикасы</b>, <a href="/wiki/1918_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1918 ел">1918 елның</a> Гыйнварыннан <b>РСФСР</b>, <a href="/wiki/1992_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1992 ел">1992 елның</a> июненнән <b>РФ</b> дип атала. </p><p>Россиянең дәүләт тарихы <a href="/wiki/862_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="862 ел">862 елдан</a> килеп бара. <a href="/wiki/1917_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1917 ел">1917 елның</a> 25 октябрьдә (<a href="/wiki/7_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C" title="7 ноябрь">7 ноябрьдә</a>) <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Россия империясе">Россия империясе</a> җимерелә һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Россия Совет Федератив Социалистик Республикасы">Россия Совет Федератив Социалистик Республикасы</a> барлыкка килә. <a href="/wiki/1991" class="mw-redirect" title="1991">1991</a> елның <a href="/wiki/25_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C" title="25 декабрь">25 декабрьдән</a> хәзерге исем. </p><p>Дөньяда территориясе иң зур һәм коры җир чиге иң озын булган дәүләт (Россия — Казакъстан) — 7200 км; дөньяда ике дөнья кисәгенә — Европа һәм Азиягә урнашкан. Мәйдан 17 752 мең км². Коры җирнең 11,5% алып тора. Халык исәбе 142 914 мең кеше (<a href="/wiki/2010_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="2010 ел">2010</a>). Халык тыгызлыгы 8,6 кеше/км². Россиядәге халык саны кими бара. Буның төп сәбәбе 1990 елларында социаль-икътисади кризис. Халкының 72,9% шәһәрләрдә торалар. Иң күп санлы халык — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Руслар">руслар</a> (79,8&#160;%), башка күп санлы халыклар — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Татарлар">татарлар</a> (3,8&#160;%), <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Украиннар">украиннар</a> (2&#160;%), <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Башкортлар">башкортлар</a> (1,2&#160;%), <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Чуашлар">чуашлар</a> (1,1&#160;%) (<a href="/wiki/2002" class="mw-redirect" title="2002">2002</a>). Диннәре <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Христианлык">христиан</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Православие">православие</a>), <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ислам">ислам</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Иудаизм">иудаизм</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Буддизм">буддизм</a> һ.б. Дәүләт теле — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Рус теле">рус теле</a>. Дәүләт башлыгы — президент. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Географик_мәгълүмәт"><span id=".D0.93.D0.B5.D0.BE.D0.B3.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.84.D0.B8.D0.BA_.D0.BC.D3.99.D0.B3.D1.8A.D0.BB.D2.AF.D0.BC.D3.99.D1.82"></span>Географик мәгълүмәт</h2></div> <dl><dd><i><div class="hatnote">Төп мәкалә: <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Россия географиясе (бит юк)">Россия географиясе</a></b></div></i></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Russia_87.74494E_66.20034N.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Russia_87.74494E_66.20034N.jpg/300px-Russia_87.74494E_66.20034N.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Russia_87.74494E_66.20034N.jpg/450px-Russia_87.74494E_66.20034N.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Russia_87.74494E_66.20034N.jpg/600px-Russia_87.74494E_66.20034N.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="958" /></a><figcaption>Россиянең географик харитасы</figcaption></figure> <p>Россия <a href="/wiki/%D2%96%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Җир">Җир</a> шарының иң зур кыйтгасына — <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Евразия">Евразиягә</a> урнашкан һәм дөньяның ике кисәге — <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Европа">Европа</a> һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Азия">Азия</a> территориясенең шактый өлешен биләп тора. Ул Төньяк ярымшарда, нигездә, илленче параллельдән төньяктарак ята, һәм Төньяк поляр түгәрәк (т.к.нең 66°30') безгә, Россия халкына, бик еракта кебек тоелмый, чөнки аның артында Кола ярымутравы да, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Печора">Печора</a> һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1" title="Об">Об</a> елгалары түбәнлекләре дә, Урта Себернең гаять зур киңлекләре дә, шулай ук, Чукот ярымутравының бер өлешен кертеп, ерак төньяк-көнчыгыш районнар да ята. </p><p>Илнең географик урынының бу үзенчәлеге бөтен табигатьтә һәм кешенең хуҗалык эшчән-легендә чагыла. Россияне өч океан суы юа: көнбатыштан — <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Атлантик океан">Атлантик океан</a>, төньяктан — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B7_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Төньяк Боз океаны">Төньяк Боз океаны</a>, көнчыгыштан — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тын океан">Тын океан</a>. </p><p>Россия җире кыйтга һәм утрау өлешләреннән тора. Шуңа күрә иң ерак төньяк нокталары ике. Утрау ноктасы Франц-Иосиф Җире архипелагында <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84_%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Рудольф утравы">Рудольф утравында</a> ята; бу — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Флигель борыны (бит юк)">Флигель борыны</a> (т.к. нең 81°49' ында). Россиянең иң ерак төньяк кыйтга ноктасы — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Челюскин борыны">Челюскин борыны</a> (т. к. нең 77°43' ында) — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%80_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Таймыр ярымутравы">Таймыр ярымутравында</a> урнашкан, һәм ул Евразия материгының иң төньяк ноктасы булып тора. </p><p>Илнең иң ерак көньяк ноктасы <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Төньяк Кавказ (бит юк)">Төньяк Кавказда</a> урнашкан <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Дагстан Республикасы">Дагстан Республикасында</a> Базардюзю тавыннан көньяк-көнбатыштарак (к.к.нең 41°11'ында) <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D2%97%D0%B0%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Азәрбайҗан">Азәрбайҗан</a> белән чиктә урнашкан. Илебез территориясенең төньяктан көньякка озынлыгы 4 мең км га якын. </p><p>Иң ерак көнбатыш нокта (кч. оз. ның 19°38' ында) <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="Балтыйк диңгезе">Балтыйк диңгезенең</a> Гданьск култыгындагы комборынында <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Калининград">Калининград</a> шәһәре янында ята. </p><p>Иң ерак көнчыгыш нокталар, төньякныкы кебек, ике: утрау ноктасы — <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B" title="Беринг бугазы">Беринг бугазында</a> Ратманов утравында (кб.оз.ның 170° ында, т. к.нең 65°30' ында); кыйтга ноктасы — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Чукот ярымутравы">Чукот ярымутравында</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B2_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Дежнёв борыны">Дежнев борынында</a> (кб.оз.ның 169°40' ында). Россиянең кыйтгадагы иң ерак көнчыгыш ноктасы Евразия кыйтгасының да көнчыгыш ноктасы булып тора. Иң ерак көнбатыш һәм көнчыгыш нокталары арасындагы ераклык 10 мең км дан артыграк. Россиянең көнбатыштан көнчыгышка озынлыгын күз алдына китерү өчен, аның территориясе, Көнбатыш ярымшарда башланып, бөтен Көнчыгыш ярымшар буенча сузылуына игътибар итәргә кирәк (озынлыгы градусларда үлчәгәндә якынча 171°). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Россиянең_чикләре"><span id=".D0.A0.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.81.D0.B8.D1.8F.D0.BD.D0.B5.D2.A3_.D1.87.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.BB.D3.99.D1.80.D0.B5"></span>Россиянең чикләре</h3></div> <p>Россиянең чикләренең озынлыгы — 60 932 мең км. Бу — <a href="/wiki/%D2%96%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Җир">Җир</a> шарын экватор буенча бер ярым тапкыр әйләнеп чыгарга җитәрлек. Россиянең көнбатыш һәм көньяк чикләре күбесенчә — коры җирдән, ә төньяк һәм көнчыгышы диңгездән уза. </p><p>Көнбатыш чигендә ачык беленеп торган табигый чикләр юк диярлек. Ул <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="Баренц диңгезе">Баренц диңгезендә</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Рыбачий ярымутравы (бит юк)">Рыбачий ярымутравыннан</a> көнбатышка таба башлана һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Кола ярымутравы">Кола ярымутравының</a> көнбатыш чите буйлап дәвам итә. Анда <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Норвегия">Норвегия</a> белән чик уза; көньяктарак аны <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="Балтыйк диңгезе">Балтыйк диңгезендәге</a> Фин култыгына кадәр дәвам итүче <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Финляндия">Финляндия</a> белән чик алыштыра. </p><p>Фин култыгыннан алып <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="Азак диңгезе">Азак диңгезенә</a> кадәр булган гаять зур киңлектә Россия <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эстония">Эстония</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Латвия">Латвия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Беларус">Беларус</a> һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Украина">Украина</a> белән чиктәш. <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="Азак диңгезе">Азак диңгезенең</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B" title="Таганрог култыгы">Таганрог култыгыннан</a> көнбатыш чик, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="Азак диңгезе">Азак диңгезе</a> буйлап барып Арабат борынын һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Ур муены">Ур муенын</a> кисеп үтә. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Калининград өлкәсе">Калининград өлкәсе</a> көнбатышка еракка кереп тора. Бәйсез дәүләтләр — <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эстония">Эстония</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Латвия">Латвия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва">Литва</a> барлыкка килү нәтиҗәсендә, ул Россиянең төп территориясеннән аерылып калган. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Калининград өлкәсе">Калининград өлкәсе</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша">Польша</a> һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва">Литва</a> белән чиктәш. </p><p>Көньяк чик башта <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Ур муены">Ур муенын</a> кисеп үтә, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Каркинит култыгы (бит юк)">Каркинит култыгын</a>, аннан соң <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="Кара диңгез">Кара диңгез</a> буйлап бара, аннан Адлер янында тауларга күтәрелә һәм Зур Кавказның Субүләр сырты буенча Россияне <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D3%A9%D1%80%D2%97%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Гөрҗистан">Гөрҗистаннан</a> һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D2%97%D0%B0%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Азәрбайҗан">Азәрбайҗаннан</a> аера. <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Идел">Идел</a> дельтасыннан <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Алтай таулары">Алтай тауларына</a> кадәр арада дуга булып <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казакъстан">Казакъстанны</a> читләтеп үтә. Аннан соң Россия, <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="Япон диңгезе">Япон диңгезе</a> яр буйларына чыгып, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Монголия">Монголия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Кытай">Кытай</a> һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Корея">Корея</a> белән чикләшә. </p><p>Илнең көнчыгыш чиге <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тын океан">Тын океан</a> диңгезләре ярлары буйлатып бара. Монда <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония">Япония</a> һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9A%D0%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="АКШ">АКШ</a> — иң якын күршеләр. Россиянең Сәхәлин һәм Курил утрауларын <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония">Япониянең</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Хоккайдо утравы (бит юк)">Хоккайдо утравыннан</a> Лаперуза һәм Кунашир бугазлары аерып тора. Россия белән <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9A%D0%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="АКШ">АКШ</a> арасындагы чик <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B" title="Беринг бугазы">Беринг бугазында</a> Россиянең <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ратманов утравы (бит юк)">Ратманов утравын</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9A%D0%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="АКШ">АКШның</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD_%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Крузенштерн утравы (бит юк)">Крузенштерн утравыннан</a> аерып торган тар бугаз (5 км) буенча уза. </p><p>Төньякта Россия киң фронт белән <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B7_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Төньяк Боз океаны">Төньяк Боз океаны</a> диңгезләренә чыга. Монда <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Арктика">Арктиканың</a> Россия секторы аерыла. Аның чиге <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ратманов утравы (бит юк)">Ратманов утравы</a> һәм Россия-<a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Норвегия">Норвегия</a> чигенең төньяк ноктасыннан (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Рыбачий ярымутравы (бит юк)">Рыбачий ярымутравы</a> районында) <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Төньяк полюс">Төньяк полюска</a> кадәр меридианнар буенча узган. Дәүләтләрнең, шул исәптән Россиянең дә, диңгез чикләре ярдан 12 миль (яки 22,2 км) ераклыкта узуы килешенгән, аннан ары — 200 мильле икътисади зона, шуннан соң — ачык диңгез. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Тарих"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.85"></span>Тарих</h2></div> <dl><dd><i><div class="hatnote">Төп мәкалә: <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Россия тарихы (бит юк)">Россия тарихы</a></b></div></i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Башлангыч_тарих"><span id=".D0.91.D0.B0.D1.88.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B3.D1.8B.D1.87_.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.85"></span>Башлангыч тарих</h3></div> <p>Археология яңа мәгълүмәте буенча, хәзерге Россия территориясендә борынгы кеше эзләрнең яше - 3-2 миллион безнең эрага кадәр. Алар <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Себер">Себер</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Төньяк Кавказ (бит юк)">Төньяк Кавказ</a> һәм <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Кубан (бит юк)">Кубан</a> җирләрендә табылганнар. Якынча 150 000 елда безнең эрага кадәр, әлегә булган шелль мәдәнияте мустьер мәдәниятенә үзгәртелгән. Шундый тибындагы тукталышлар Россиянең Европа өлешендә киң таралганнар. </p><p>Россиядә дөньяның иң иске неоантроп <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Воронеж өлкәсе">Воронеж өлкәсендә</a> тукталыш - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Маркина тавы (бит юк)">Маркина тавы</a> урнашкан (50 000 б.э.к). </p><p>Безнең эрага кадәр VI—V гасырларда Кара диңгезнең буенда грек колнияләре барлыкка килә, соңрак алар урынында <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%84_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Скиф патшалыгы (бит юк)">Скиф патшалыгы</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B" title="Боспор патшалыгы">Боспор патшалыгы</a> оештырыла. <a href="/wiki/552" class="mw-redirect" title="552">552</a>—<a href="/wiki/745" class="mw-redirect" title="745">745</a> елларда хәзерге Россия территориясенең өлешендә <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Төрки каһанлыгы">Төрки каһанлыгы</a> урнашкан; <a href="/wiki/650" class="mw-redirect" title="650">650</a> — <a href="/wiki/969" class="mw-redirect" title="969">969</a> елларда Түбән Иделдә, Төньяк Кавказда һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="Азак диңгезе">Азак диңгезе</a> буенда <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%99%D0%B7%D3%99%D1%80_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B" title="Хәзәр каһанлыгы">Хәзәр каһанлыгы</a> урнашкан. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Идел_буе_Болгары"><span id=".D0.98.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.BB_.D0.B1.D1.83.D0.B5_.D0.91.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.B3.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.8B"></span>Идел буе Болгары</h3></div> <p><i>Төп мәкалә: <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B5_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Идел буе Болгары">Идел буе Болгары</a></i> </p><p><a href="/wiki/632" class="mw-redirect" title="632">632</a> елда <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Кырым">Кырым</a> ярымутравында урнашкан <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B4%D3%99%D2%AF%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%82%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Бөек Болгар дәүләте">Бөек Болгар дәүләтенең</a> ханы булып Органаның бер туганының улы <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Кубрат">Кубрат</a> тәхеткә утырган. Кубрат VII йөзнең 50 нче еллар ахыры—60 нчы еллары башында үлгән (кайберәүләр иртәрәк, төгәлрәк вакытны күрсәтәләр — <a href="/wiki/642" class="mw-redirect" title="642">642</a> елда, диләр). Аның үлеме чынында үзе төзегән берләшмәнең яшәүдән туктавына китергән. </p><p>Риваятьтә <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Кубрат хан">Кубрат хан</a> улларыннан өчесенең исеме аталган: өлкәне — <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Батбай">Батбай</a>, икенчесе — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Котраг">Котраг</a> , өченчесе — <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%85" title="Аспарух">Аспарух</a> (ике кечесенең исемнәре күрсәтелмәгән). Гомумән, ханның биш улы турындагы риваять <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Бөек Болгар иле">Бөек Болгар илендә</a> булган биш этник төркем, биш эре кабиләне гәүдәләндерә. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Котраг">Котраг</a> хан җитәкчелегендәге өченче төркеме (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Кутригур (бит юк)">кутригурлар</a>) Кубрат үлгәннән соң Урта <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Идел">Идел</a> буена киткән һәм анда <a href="/wiki/671" class="mw-redirect" title="671">671</a>-<a href="/wiki/675_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="675 ел">675 еллар</a> тирәсендә <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B5_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Идел буе Болгары">Идел буе Болгары</a> нигезләгән. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Алмыш">Алмыш</a> әмир хакимлегендә <a href="/wiki/922" class="mw-redirect" title="922">922</a> елда <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B5_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Идел буе Болгары">Идел буе Болгары</a> рәсми рәвештә <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ислам">Ислам</a> динен кабул иткән. </p><p>11-13 гасырда <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B5_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Идел буе Болгары">Идел буе Болгары</a> дәүләте чәчәк ату чоры булган. Идел буе Болгары белән Киев Русе мөнәсәбәтләр каршылыклы булган, кайчакта ачлык вакытында Идел буе Болгары дәүләте Руськә бодай белән булышкан, кайчакта Идел юлы өчен бәрелешләр дә булган. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1223" class="mw-redirect" title="1223">1223</a> елда <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8B%D2%A3%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Чыңгызхан">Чыңгызхан</a> гаскәре бердәм рус-кыпчак гаскәрен Калка елгасында тар-мар иткәннән соң, монголлар Илел буе Болгары дәүләтендә Җигүле тауларында кискен җиңелә һәм чигенә. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1236" class="mw-redirect" title="1236">1236</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Бату хан">Бату хан</a> озак чолгаудан соң Идел буе Болгары дәүләтен буйсындыра. Идел буе Болгары <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Алтын Урда">Алтын Урда</a> дәүләтенә керә. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Алтын Урда">Алтын Урдага</a> Русьнең (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Киев">Киев</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D3%99%D2%AF" title="Мәскәү">Мәскәү</a> Русе) зур өлеше, Идел буе Болгары, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кавказ">Кавказ</a> әмирлекләре, <a href="/wiki/%D3%98%D0%B7%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D2%97%D0%B0%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Әзәрбайҗан">Әзәрбайҗан</a> (Җәнибәк чорында), <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казакъстан">Казакъстан</a> (Ак Урда), <a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B7%D0%B1%D3%99%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Үзбәкстан">Үзбәкстан</a> (Хөрезм), <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Кырым">Кырым</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Себер">Себер</a> кергән. </p><p>Алтын Урда территориясе бүгенге Россия территориясенә туры килә (Украинадан, <a href="/wiki/%D3%98%D0%B7%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D2%97%D0%B0%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Әзәрбайҗан">Әзәрбайҗаннан</a>, Казакъстаннан тыш). </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Алтын Урда">Алтын Урда</a> таркалганнан соң аның күбесе өлешләре Россиягә кертелгән. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Киев_Русе"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.B8.D0.B5.D0.B2_.D0.A0.D1.83.D1.81.D0.B5"></span>Киев Русе</h3></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/14px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/21px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/28px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span><i> Төп мәкалә</i>&#58; <i><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Киев Русе">Киев Русе</a></b></i></div></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/IX_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80" title="IX гасыр">IX гасырның</a> уртасында (елъязмалар буенча, <a href="/wiki/862_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="862 ел">862 елда</a>) Россиянең Европа өлешендә көнбатыш славян, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD-%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%80_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Фин-угыр халыклар (бит юк)">фин-угыр</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Төрки">төрки</a> һәм балт кабиләләрнең берлеге барлыкка килә. <a href="/wiki/882_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="882 ел">882 елда</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D1%80%D3%99%D0%B7%D3%99_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Күрәзә Олег">Күрәзә Олег</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%B7%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Новгород кенәзе (бит юк)">Новгород кенәзе</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Киев">Киевны</a> яулап ала һәм Киев Русен төзи. Яңа дәүләт составына барлык көнбатыш славяннар җирләре, кайбер фин-угыр, балт һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Төрки халыклар">төрки</a> халыкларның җирләре керәләр. Бер үк вакытта төньяк-көнбатыш Русьның славян колонизацияләү (буйсындыру) процессы барган. <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_I" title="Владимир I">Владимир</a> кенәзе заманында (<a href="/wiki/988_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="988 ел">988 елда</a>) Русь <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Христианлык">христианлыкны</a> кабул итә. <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%97%D0%B8%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Ярослав Зирәк">Ярослав Зирәк</a> Рус Правдасын — рус кануннарның беренче җыентыгын раслаган. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1132" class="mw-redirect" title="1132">1132</a> елда, Мстислав - Владимир кенәзе үлгәннән соң, Русь берничә кенәзлеккә таркала: <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Новгород кенәзлеге">Новгород кенәзлеге</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80-%D0%A1%D2%AF%D0%B7%D0%B4%D3%99%D0%BB_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Владимир-Сүздәл кенәзлеге (бит юк)">Владимир-Сүздәл кенәзлеге</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Галич-Волын кенәзлеге (бит юк)">Галич-Волын кенәзлеге</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Чернигов кенәзлеге (бит юк)">Чернигов кенәзлеге</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Рязань кенәзлеге (бит юк)">Рязань кенәзлеге</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Полоцк кенәзлеге (бит юк)">Полоцк кенәзлеге</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Смоленск кенәзлеге">Смоленск кенәзлеге</a>, һ.б. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Рус_кенәзлекләре"><span id=".D0.A0.D1.83.D1.81_.D0.BA.D0.B5.D0.BD.D3.99.D0.B7.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BA.D0.BB.D3.99.D1.80.D0.B5"></span>Рус кенәзлекләре</h3></div> <p>Төньяк-көнбатыш Русьтә <a href="/wiki/XII_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80" title="XII гасыр">XII гасырдан</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80-%D0%A1%D2%AF%D0%B7%D0%B4%D3%99%D0%BB_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Владимир-Сүздәл кенәзлеге (бит юк)">Владимир-Сүздәл кенәзлеге</a> күтәрелә, аның хакимнәре (<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Андрей Боголюбский">Андрей Боголюбский</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%97%D1%83%D1%80_%D0%9E%D1%8F" title="Всеволод Зур Оя">Всеволод Зур Оя</a>), <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Киев">Киев</a> өчен көрәшеп, үз төп резиденцияне <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Владимир (бит юк)">Владимирда</a> калдыралар; нәтиҗәсендә, Владимир яңа Русь үзәге булып китә. Иң куәтле кенәзлекләр шулай ук <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Чернигов кенәзлеге (бит юк)">Чернигов</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Смоленск кенәзлеге">Смоленск</a> һәм <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Галич-Волын кенәзлеге (бит юк)">Галич-Волын</a> кенәзлекләре булганнар. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Алтын_Урда_чоры"><span id=".D0.90.D0.BB.D1.82.D1.8B.D0.BD_.D0.A3.D1.80.D0.B4.D0.B0_.D1.87.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.8B"></span>Алтын Урда чоры</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/1237" class="mw-redirect" title="1237">1237</a>—<a href="/wiki/1240" class="mw-redirect" title="1240">1240</a> елларда <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Бату хан">Бату хан</a> җитәкләгән татар-монгол гаскәрләре Киев Русенең күпчелек кенәзлекләрен яулап ала. Төрки телле халык Бату хан гаскәрендә күпчелек тәшкил иткән һәм татарлар дип аталган, соңрак шул атама Алтын Урданың бар халкына беркетелгән. Русьның көньяк һәм көньяк-көнчыгыш җирләрдә торучы халкы башка җирләргә күчә. </p><p>Русь кенәзлекләренең күбесе <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Рус Олысы">Рус Олысы</a> буларак Алтын Урда эченә керә яисә Алтын Урдага нык бәйле була. Русь кенәзлекләре <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Алтын Урда">Алтын Урдага</a> ясак түли башлыйлар, хакмиятне Алтын Урда ханы рөхсәтеннән генә алырга мөмкин булган. Ясак зурлыгы - керемнәрнең 10% булган. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Александр Невский">Александр Невский</a> 1240 елда Алтын Урда белән хезмәттәшлекне сайлаган, Бөек Ханга буйсынган һәм ясак түләргә риза булган, алманнарга (алпар - тәречеләргә) каршы сугыша башлаган. </p><p><a href="/wiki/XII_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80" title="XII гасыр">XII гасырда</a> Новгород җирләре алпар-тәречеләр һәм шведлар белән берничә кораллы низагларда катнашкан. 1240 елда <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Александр Невский">Александр Невский</a> Нева сугышында швед гаскәрен җиңә, ә <a href="/wiki/1242_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1242 ел">1242 елда</a> Чудь күлендә тевтон рыцарьләрен тар-мар итә. Галич җирен <a href="/wiki/XIV_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80" title="XIV гасыр">XIV гасырның</a> уртасында <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша">Польша</a> басып ала, Русьның зур өлеше <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Бөек Литва кенәзлеге">Бөек Литва кенәзлеге</a> эченә керә. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Witsen_-_Tartaria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Witsen_-_Tartaria.jpg/250px-Witsen_-_Tartaria.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Witsen_-_Tartaria.jpg/375px-Witsen_-_Tartaria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Witsen_-_Tartaria.jpg/500px-Witsen_-_Tartaria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3675" data-file-height="3080" /></a><figcaption>Бөек Тартария харитасы, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Амстердам">Амстердамда</a> <a href="/wiki/1705_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1705 ел">1705 елда</a> бастырган</figcaption></figure> <p>XIV гасырның башыннан рус кенәзлекләре арасында яңа үзәк — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D3%99%D2%AF_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Мәскәү кенәзлеге">Мәскәү кенәзлеге</a> формалаша. Мәскәү кенәзләре Владимирда кенәзлек итү өчен көрәштә җиңәләр. Бөек Владимир кенәзе ясак җыючы һәм Русь территориясендә баш хакиме булып торган. Алтын Урданың Үзбәк ханы карары нәтиҗәсендә: <a href="/wiki/1363_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1363 ел">1363 елдан</a> кенәзлек итүенә ярлыкны күбәсенчә Мәскәү кенәзләре алалар. Үзбәк хан үзе Мәскәү кенәзен - Иван Калита - баш баскак (салымны җыючы) итеп раслаган, шулай итеп Алтын Урда ханы үзе Мәскәүне акча үзәгенә әйләндергән. </p><p>Җәнибәк хан үлгәннән соң, аның улы Бәрдибәк хакимлегендә бастыру сәясәте һәм чуалышлар башланган. Бастырудан качкан күп морзалар Рус кенәзлегенә күчкән, анда алар христианлашканнар һәм руслашканнар. Алар арасында бөек Россия шәхесләренең бабалары: Лев Толстой, Суворов, Нахимов, Кутузов, Ушаков, Булгаков, Бердяев, Нарышкин, Тургенев, Чаадаев, Есенин, Карамзин, Минин, Годунов, Татищев һәм бүтән татар нәселләреннән чыкканнар. </p><p>Алтын Урда таҗы өчен эчке көрәш нәтиҗәсендә 1350 еллардан Алтын Урданың көчсезләнә башлый. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Golden_Horde_1389.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Golden_Horde_1389.svg/329px-Golden_Horde_1389.svg.png" decoding="async" width="329" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Golden_Horde_1389.svg/494px-Golden_Horde_1389.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Golden_Horde_1389.svg/658px-Golden_Horde_1389.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="962" data-file-height="684" /></a><figcaption>Алтын Урда биләмәләре, 1389 ел, Аксак Тимер һөҗүме башланганчы. Мәскәү һәм Көнчыгыш Русь Алтын Урдага бәйле булган.</figcaption></figure> <p>Алтын Урданың ватандашлар сугышында (14 гасырның икенче яртысы) хәтта төмәнчеләр (темник - 10 меңле гаскәр сардары) хакимияткә килгәннәр. Мәсәлән <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мамай">Мамай</a> морза - 10 меңле гаскәр сардары булып Алтын Урда ханы буларак үзенне игълан иткән. Канунлы хан <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Туктамыш хан">Туктамыш</a> Алтын Урда таҗын кайтарырга ниятләгән һәм Мамай белән Туктамыш хан ватандашлар сугышы башланган. Шушы сугышта рус кенәзләр актив катнаша. Мәскәү кенәзе Дмитрий Донской Туктамыш ягын яклаган, һәм аның ягында Мамайга каршы сугыша башлаган. Берничә бәрелешләр нәтиҗәсендә Мамай бәреп төшерелгән һәм Туктамыш - Алтын Урда ханы буларак игълан ителгән. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1382" class="mw-redirect" title="1382">1382</a> елда Туктамыш хан <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D3%99%D2%AF" title="Мәскәү">Мәскәүнең</a> хыянәте (Литвага күчү) бастырып Мәскәүне басып ала. </p><p>Ләкин Туктамыш ханга каршы Маверанахр дәүләтенең хакиме <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Аксак Тимер">Аксак Тимер</a> сугыша башлаган. Аксак Тимер бик сәләтле сәргаскәр булган, һәм 1391 елда <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Кондырча елгасы буендагы сугыш">Кондырча елгасында</a> һәм 1395 елда <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Терек елгасы буендагы сугыш">Терек елгасында</a> Туктамыш гаскәрен җиңгән. Кондырча елгасы буендагы сыман, баштарак татарлар оста гына сугышалар, әмма дошман гаскәренең аяусыз сугышуына ахыргача каршы тора алмыйлар—җиңеләләр. Шуннан Туктамыш төньякка, Болгар ягына кача. Аны эзәрлекләп Аксак Тимер күптәнге хыялын тормышка ашыра — Алтын Урданың башкаласы Сарай-Бәркәне, тагын күп кенә әһәмиятле шәһәрләрен җимерә-җимерә Кырымга чаклы барып җитә. Сарай-Бәркә, Гөлстан, Үкәк, Бәлҗәмин, Маҗар кебек шәһәрләрне тәмам кырып ташлый, җир белән тигезли. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Аксак Тимер">Аксак Тимер</a> һөҗүмнәреннән соң Алтын Урда зәгыйфьләнә һәм таркала башлый. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Рус_кенәзлекләрен_берләштерү._Мәскәү_дәүләтнең_барлыкка_килүе"><span id=".D0.A0.D1.83.D1.81_.D0.BA.D0.B5.D0.BD.D3.99.D0.B7.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BA.D0.BB.D3.99.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BD_.D0.B1.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.BB.D3.99.D1.88.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D2.AF._.D0.9C.D3.99.D1.81.D0.BA.D3.99.D2.AF_.D0.B4.D3.99.D2.AF.D0.BB.D3.99.D1.82.D0.BD.D0.B5.D2.A3_.D0.B1.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.BB.D1.8B.D0.BA.D0.BA.D0.B0_.D0.BA.D0.B8.D0.BB.D2.AF.D0.B5"></span>Рус кенәзлекләрен берләштерү. Мәскәү дәүләтнең барлыкка килүе</h3></div> <p>14 гасыр ахырында Алтын Урда гаскәре Аксак Тимер гаскәреннән ике зур җиңелүне кичерә, һәм хәрби җиңелү нәтиҗәсендә таркала башлый. Эре бердәм дәүләт урынында Казан ханлыгы, Кырым ханлыгы, Зур Урда (соңрак Әстерхан ханлыгы һәм Нугай Урдасы), Касыйм ханлыгы, Себер ханлыгы, Әбелхаер ханлыгы барлыкка килә. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_III" title="Иван III">Иван III</a> заманында Мәскәү кенәзлеге (Иван Калита идарә иткән чорыннан нәкъ Мәскәү рус кенәзлекләреннән ясак җыеп Алтын Урданың башкаласына җибәргән) Алтын Урданың варисларына ясак түләвен туктый. <a href="/wiki/1480_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1480 ел">1480 елда</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Угра бәрелеше (бит юк)">Угра бәрелеше</a> нәтиҗәсендә Мәскәү кенәзлеге Зур Урдага ясак түләвеннән баш тарта. Әлеге вакыйга зур пропагадистик әһәмияткә ия, чөнки Зур Урданың башкаласы Сарай-Бәркә шәһәрендә урнашкан, чынында халык саны буенча Зур Урда Казан ханлыгы һәм Кырым ханлыгына караганда ким булган. </p><p>1484 елда Мәскәү бөек кенәзе <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_III" title="Иван III">Иван III</a> Касыйм нәселеннән чыккан Мөхәммәд-Әмингә Казан тәхетендә утырырга булыша, нәтиҗәдә Казан ханы Мәскәү белән "мәңге солых килешүен" имзалый һәм Мәскәү Казанга да ясак түләвен туктый, шул ясак 1445 елдагы Сүздәл янындагы сугыштан соң түләгән булган. Чынында Мәскәү Касыйм ханлыгына 1681 елга кадәр акча җибәрә, ләкин ул ханлык бәйсез булмаган инде. </p><p>1497 елда рус дәүләтенең кануннар җыентыгы (Судебник) чыгарыла. Мәскәү кенәзлеге үз тирәсендә төрле рус кенәзлекләрен берләштереп, Мәскәү рус дәүләтенә әверелә (көнбатышта аны Московия еш йөртә). <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_III" title="Василий III">Василий III</a> Мәскәү дәүләтен берләштерүне дәвам итә, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Бөек Литва кенәзлеге">Бөек Литва кенәзлеге</a> һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B" title="Казан ханлыгы">Казан ханлыгы</a> белән сугышларын үткәргән. </p><p>1505 елда <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_III" title="Василий III">Василий III</a> гаскәре Казан янындагы сугышта җиңелә. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1547_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1547 ел">1547 елда</a> Иван IV <i>патша</i> титулын ала. <a href="/wiki/XVI_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80" title="XVI гасыр">XVI гасырның</a> икенче яртысында Мәскәү дәүләте <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B" title="Казан ханлыгы">Казан</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D3%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B" title="Әстерхан ханлыгы">Әстерхан</a> һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B" title="Себер ханлыгы">Себер ханлыгын</a> басып ала. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1558" class="mw-redirect" title="1558">1558</a>—<a href="/wiki/1583" class="mw-redirect" title="1583">1583</a> елларда Русь уңышсыз булган Балтыйк диңгезенә чыгу өчен <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Бөек Литва кенәзлеге">Бөек Литва кенәзлеге</a> (соңрак — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Речь Посполитая">Речь Посполитая</a>) белән <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ливон сугышы (бит юк)">Ливон сугышында</a> катнаша. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Тын">Тын</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Терек">Терек</a> һәм <a href="/wiki/%D2%96%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BA" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Җаек">Җаек</a> буйларында <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Казаклар">казак</a> авыллары барлыкка киләләр; <a href="/wiki/1570_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1570 ел">1570 елда</a> Донс казак гаскәре, <a href="/wiki/1571_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1571 ел">1571 елда</a> — Урал казак гаскәре, <a href="/wiki/1577_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1577 ел">1577 елда</a> — Терек казак гаскәре оештырылалар. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%A1%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_1684.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%A1%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_1684.JPG/400px-%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%A1%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_1684.JPG" decoding="async" width="400" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%A1%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_1684.JPG/600px-%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%A1%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_1684.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%A1%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_1684.JPG/800px-%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%A1%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_1684.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1890" data-file-height="1520" /></a><figcaption>Европаның Татарстан харитасы, <a href="/wiki/1684_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1684 ел">1684 ел</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Фетнәле_заман._Романовлар_династиясенең_патшалык_итә_башлавы."><span id=".D0.A4.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.BD.D3.99.D0.BB.D0.B5_.D0.B7.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.BD._.D0.A0.D0.BE.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80_.D0.B4.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B8.D1.8F.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B5.D2.A3_.D0.BF.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.88.D0.B0.D0.BB.D1.8B.D0.BA_.D0.B8.D1.82.D3.99_.D0.B1.D0.B0.D1.88.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.B2.D1.8B."></span>Фетнәле заман. Романовлар династиясенең патшалык итә башлавы.</h3></div> <p>Явыз Иван үлеменнән соң озакламыйча Россия <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Фетнәле заман (бит юк)">Фетнәле заман</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Рус теле">рус.</a>&#160;<i><span lang="ru">Смута</span></i>) башлана. Ул бәла-казалар, поляк һәм швед интервенция, сәяси, икътисади, дәүләти һәм иҗтмагый кризислары белән истә калган. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1610_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1610 ел">1610 елда</a> поляк гаскәре <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D3%99%D2%AF" title="Мәскәү">Мәскәүгә</a>, <a href="/wiki/1611_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1611 ел">1611 елда</a> швед гаскәре <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="Новгород">Новгородка</a> керә. <a href="/wiki/1612_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1612 ел">1612 елның</a> 1 ноябрендә <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Кузьма Минин (бит юк)">Кузьма Минин</a> һәм <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Дмитрий Пожарский (бит юк)">Дмитрий Пожарский</a> җитәкчелеге астында ополчениесе Китай-городны ала; <a href="/wiki/5_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C" title="5 ноябрь">5 ноябрьдә</a> поляклар капитуляциялиләр. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1613_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1613 ел">1613 елның</a> Земский соборында <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_I" title="Михаил I">Михаил Романовны</a> патша итеп сайлана. Михал Романов заманында руслар Көнчыгыш <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Себер">Себерне</a> үзләштерергә башлыйлар һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тын океан">Тын океанга</a> чыгалар. <a href="/wiki/1654_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1654 ел">1654 елда</a> Россия составына <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Украина">Украина</a> керә. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Россия_империясе"><span id=".D0.A0.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.81.D0.B8.D1.8F_.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.BF.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.8F.D1.81.D0.B5"></span>Россия империясе</h3></div> <p><i>Моны да карагыз: <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Россия империясе">Россия империясе</a></b></i></p><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Peter_de_Grote.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Peter_de_Grote.jpg/120px-Peter_de_Grote.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Peter_de_Grote.jpg/180px-Peter_de_Grote.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Peter_de_Grote.jpg/240px-Peter_de_Grote.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1687" /></a><figcaption>Пётр I</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Барлыкка_килүе,_XVIII_гасыр"><span id=".D0.91.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.BB.D1.8B.D0.BA.D0.BA.D0.B0_.D0.BA.D0.B8.D0.BB.D2.AF.D0.B5.2C_XVIII_.D0.B3.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.8B.D1.80"></span>Барлыкка килүе, <a href="/wiki/XVIII_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80" title="XVIII гасыр">XVIII гасыр</a></h4></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%91%D1%82%D1%80_I" title="Пётр I">Пётр I</a> эчке һәм тышкы сәясәтендә кискен үзгәрлешләрне үткәрә. 1700—1721 еллардагы Төньяк сугышы нәтиҗәсендә көчле швед армиясе тар-мар ителә, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="Балтыйк диңгезе">Балтыйк диңгезенә</a> чыгу ачыла, Нева тамагында <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Петербург">Петербург</a> шәһәре төзелә. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1721_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1721 ел">1721 елда</a> Россия <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Империя (бит юк)">империя</a> булып игълан ителә. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%91%D1%82%D1%80_I" title="Пётр I">Пётр I</a> үлеменнән соң Россиядә сарай переворотлары чоры башлана — <a href="/wiki/1725" class="mw-redirect" title="1725">1725</a>—<a href="/wiki/1762" class="mw-redirect" title="1762">1762</a> елларда рус тәхетендә алты патша алышынды. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Елизавета Петровна">Елизавета Петровна</a> заманында <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Мәскәү университеты">Мәскәү университеты</a> нигезләнә, рус армиясе <a href="/wiki/%D2%96%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Җидееллык сугыш">Җидееллык сугышында</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Пруссия">Пруссия</a> белән уңышлы сугыша. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_II" title="Екатерина II">Екатерина II</a> заманында <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81-%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B_(1768%E2%80%941774)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Рус-төрек сугышы (1768—1774) (бит юк)">1768—1774 еллардагы рус-төрек сугышы</a> нәтиҗәсендә Россия Кара диңгезгә чыга; кәгазьле акча барлыкка килә, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Идел">Идел</a> буена алман колонистлары килеп урнаша, 1783 елда Россия составына <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B" title="Кырым ханлыгы">Кырым ханлыгы</a> керә, <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Русская Америка">Американы үзләштерү</a> башлана. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="XIX_гасыр"><span id="XIX_.D0.B3.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.8B.D1.80"></span><a href="/wiki/XIX_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80" title="XIX гасыр">XIX гасыр</a></h4></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Kolman_decembrists.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Kolman_decembrists.jpg/190px-Kolman_decembrists.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Kolman_decembrists.jpg/285px-Kolman_decembrists.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Kolman_decembrists.jpg/380px-Kolman_decembrists.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1011" data-file-height="674" /></a><figcaption>К. Кольман. <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Декабрьчеләр">Декабрьчеләр</a> фетнәсе.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/XVIII_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80" title="XVIII гасыр">XVIII гасырның</a> ахырында Россия революцион <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%B0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Францияга (бит юк)">Францияга</a> каршы коалициягә керә һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Наполеон сугышлары">Наполеон сугышларында</a> катнаша. <a href="/wiki/1805_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1805 ел">1805 елның</a> <a href="/wiki/15_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C" title="15 сентябрь">15 сентябрьдә</a> — Россия <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Наполеон">Наполеонга</a> беренче сугышны игълан итә. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1807_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1807 ел">1807 ел</a> <a href="/wiki/7_%D0%B8%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="7 июль">7 июль</a> — Россия һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Наполеон">Наполеон</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция">Франциясе</a> арасында Тилзит килешүе.</li></ul> <p>Союзниклар Европада җиңеләләр, <a href="/wiki/1812_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%8B_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B" title="1812 елгы Ватан сугышы">сугыш Россия территориясенә күчә</a>. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Наполеон">Наполеонның</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D3%99%D2%AF" title="Мәскәү">Мәскәүне</a> басып алуына карамастан, сугыш Наполеон армиясенең тар-мар ителү белән тәмамлана. <a href="/wiki/1813_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1813 ел">1813 елда</a> рус армиясе француз гаскәрләреннән <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Алмания">Алманияне</a> азат итә, ә <a href="/wiki/1814_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1814 ел">1814 елда</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6" title="Париж">Парижны</a> басып ала. </p><p>Сугыштан соң Россиягә революцион идеяләре тарала башлаганнар, бу <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80_%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Декабрьчеләр фетнәсе">декабрьчеләр фетнәсенә</a> алып китерә. </p><p><a href="/wiki/XIX_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80" title="XIX гасыр">XIX гасырның</a> икенче чирегендә Россия Төньяк Кавказ халыкларның буйсындыру белән тәмамланган <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B" title="Кавказ сугышы">Кавказ сугышын</a> башлый; шул ук вакытта Россия составына казакъ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%96%D1%83%D0%B7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Жуз (бит юк)">жузлары</a> керәләр. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1856_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1856 ел">1856 елда</a> Россия <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Кырым сугышы">Кырым сугышында</a> җиңелә. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_II" title="Александр II">Александр II</a> заманында Россиядә <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Крепостной хокукы (бит юк)">крепостной хокукы</a> юкка чыгарыла (<a href="/wiki/1861" class="mw-redirect" title="1861">1861</a>), һәм тагын берничә либераль реформа үткәрелә. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81-%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B_(1877%E2%80%941878)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Рус-төрек сугышы (1877—1878) (бит юк)">1877—1878 еллардагы рус-төрек сугышы</a> нәтиҗәсендә Россия составына Карс өлкәсе һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Дунай">Дунай</a> дельтасы кертеләләр, балкан илләре (<a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария">Болгария</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сербия">Сербия</a> һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Черногория">Черногория</a>) бәйсезлеккә ирешәләр. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="XX_гасыр"><span id="XX_.D0.B3.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.8B.D1.80"></span><a href="/wiki/XX_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80" title="XX гасыр">XX гасыр</a></h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/XIX_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80" title="XIX гасыр">XIX гасырның</a> ахырында — <a href="/wiki/XX_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80" title="XX гасыр">XX гасырның</a> башында Россиядә сәяси партияләр барлыкка килә: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Кадетлар (бит юк)">кадетлар</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Большевиклар">большевиклар</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Эсерлар (бит юк)">эсерлар</a>, һ. б. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1904" class="mw-redirect" title="1904">1904</a>—<a href="/wiki/1905" class="mw-redirect" title="1905">1905</a> елларның <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81-%D1%8F%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B" title="Рус-япон сугышы">Рус-япон сугышы</a> нәтиҗәсендә Россия <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%99%D1%85%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Сәхәлин">Сәхәлинның</a> көньяк өлешен һәм <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Курил утравлары (бит юк)">Курил утрауларны</a> югалта. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Совет_дәвере"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B5.D1.82_.D0.B4.D3.99.D0.B2.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B5"></span>Совет дәвере</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Россия_ватандашлар_сугышы"><span id=".D0.A0.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.81.D0.B8.D1.8F_.D0.B2.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.88.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80_.D1.81.D1.83.D0.B3.D1.8B.D1.88.D1.8B"></span><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B" title="Россия ватандашлар сугышы">Россия ватандашлар сугышы</a></h4></div> <p><a href="/wiki/1917_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1917 ел">1917 елдан</a> Февраль һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Октябрь инкыйлабы">Октябрь инкыйлабыннан</a> соң <a href="/wiki/1922" class="mw-redirect" title="1922">1922</a>/<a href="/wiki/1923_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1923 ел">1923 елларга</a> хәтле элекке <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/10px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Empire_1700x1767_pix_Igor_Barbe_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Empire_1700x1767_pix_Igor_Barbe_2006.jpg/10px-Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Empire_1700x1767_pix_Igor_Barbe_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Empire_1700x1767_pix_Igor_Barbe_2006.jpg/15px-Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Empire_1700x1767_pix_Igor_Barbe_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Empire_1700x1767_pix_Igor_Barbe_2006.jpg/20px-Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Empire_1700x1767_pix_Igor_Barbe_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="1767" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Россия империясе">Россия империясе</a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Территория">территориясендә</a> килеп чыккан <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%99%D1%8F%D1%81%D3%99%D1%82" title="Сәясәт">сәяси</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Этнос">этник</a> һәм <a href="/wiki/%D2%96%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Җәмгыяви төркем">социаль төркемнәр</a> арасында <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Корал">кораллы</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Низаг">низаг</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Бөек_Ватан_сугышы"><span id=".D0.91.D3.A9.D0.B5.D0.BA_.D0.92.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BD_.D1.81.D1.83.D0.B3.D1.8B.D1.88.D1.8B"></span><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B" title="Бөек Ватан сугышы">Бөек Ватан сугышы</a></h4></div> <p><a href="/wiki/1941_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1941 ел">1941 елның</a> <a href="/wiki/22_%D0%B8%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="22 июнь">22 июньдә</a>, сугыш игълан итмичә, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%88%D2%AF%D0%B5" title="Молотов һәм Риббентроп килешүе">һөҗүм итешмәү турындагы килешүен</a> өзеп, алман-фашист гаскәрләре <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0%D0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="ССРБ">ССРБ</a> территорияснә бәреп керәләр. Иң башта Алмания һәм аның союздашлар зур уңышлыкка ирешәләр, ләкин <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D3%99%D2%AF_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Мәскәү сугышы">Мәскәүне</a> һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B" title="Ленинград камалышы">Ленинградны</a> ала алмыйлар һәм сугыш озакка сузылган сугыш характерын ала. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B" title="Сталинград сугышы">Сталинград</a> һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B" title="Курск сугышы">Курск сугышлары</a> нәтиҗәсендә совет гаскәрләре һөҗүмгә күчәләр һәм <a href="/wiki/1945_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1945 ел">1945 елда</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D3%A9%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Берлин өчен сугыш">Берлинны</a> алалар. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1945_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1945 ел">1945 елгы</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония">Япониягә</a> каршы сугыш хәрәкәтләре нәтиҗәсендә, ССРБ үзенә Курил утрауларны һәм Көньяк Сәхәлинны кире кайтарыла. </p><p>Моны да карагыз: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B" title="Сталинград сугышы">Сталинград сугышы</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B" title="Ленинград камалышы">Ленинград камалышы</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B" title="Курск сугышы">Курск сугышы</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D3%A9%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Берлин өчен сугыш">Берлин өчен сугыш</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%BB%D0%B0_%D3%A9%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%88&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Праһа өчен сугыш (бит юк)">Праһа өчен сугыш</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Россия_Федерациясе"><span id=".D0.A0.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.81.D0.B8.D1.8F_.D0.A4.D0.B5.D0.B4.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.86.D0.B8.D1.8F.D1.81.D0.B5"></span>Россия Федерациясе</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/1990_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1990 ел">1990 елның</a> <a href="/wiki/12_%D0%B8%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="12 июнь">12 июнендә</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%A1%D0%A4%D0%A1%D0%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="РСФСР">РСФСР</a> халык депутатларының 2нче корылтае Россиянең дәүләт сиядәте турында Бәян кабул итә. Россия үз эчендәге җөмһүрият һәм өлкәләр белән үзара мөнәсәбәт төзи. <a href="/wiki/1994" class="mw-redirect" title="1994">1994</a> елның Февралендә <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Татарстан">Татарстан</a> белән РФ арасында шартнамә төзелә([["Россия Иттихады дәүләт хакимияте марҗигълары белән Татарстан Республикасы дәүләт хакимияте марҗигълары арасында эшләр бүлешү һәм үзара вәкаләт алмашу турында" шартнамә]]). </p><p><a href="/wiki/1994_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1994 ел">1994 елның</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Декабрь">декабрьдә</a> Россия <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D3%99%D2%AF%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Танылмаган дәүләт">танылмаган</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Ичкерия">Ичкериянең</a> кораллы оешмаларнына каршы сугыш хәрәкәтләрен башлый. </p><p><a href="/wiki/2008_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="2008 ел">2008 елның</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82" title="Август">августта</a> Россия Төньяк Осетиядә булган <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B_(2008)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Көньяк Осетия сугышы (2008) (бит юк)">сугыш хәрәкәтләрендә</a> катнаша. Шул конфликт нәтиҗәсендә Россия <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Көньяк Осетия">Көньяк Осетиянең</a> һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Абхазия">Абхазиянең</a> бәйсезлеген таный. <a href="/wiki/2014_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="2014 ел">2014 елда</a> Россия рәсми рәвештә <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Кырым кризисы">Кырымны кушылу</a> турында игълан иткән. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Халык"><span id=".D0.A5.D0.B0.D0.BB.D1.8B.D0.BA"></span>Халык</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Эре_шәһәрләр"><span id=".D0.AD.D1.80.D0.B5_.D1.88.D3.99.D2.BB.D3.99.D1.80.D0.BB.D3.99.D1.80"></span>Эре шәһәрләр</h3></div> <p><i>Моны да карагыз:</i> <i><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%88%D3%99%D2%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Россия шәһәрләре исемлеге">Россия шәһәрләре исемлеге</a></b></i> <br style="clear: both" /> </p> <table class="infobox" style="text-align:center; width:97%; margin-right:10px; font-size:90%"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="21"><div class="noprint plainlinks navbar" style="background:none; padding:0; font-weight:normal;; font-size:xx-small;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%88%D3%99%D2%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Калып:Россия шәһәрләре (бит юк)"><span title="View this template" style="">карау</span></a>&#160;<span style="font-size:80%;">•</span>&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF_%D0%B1%D3%99%D1%85%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5:%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%88%D3%99%D2%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Калып бәхәсе:Россия шәһәрләре (бит юк)"><span title="Discuss this template" style="">бәхәс</span></a>&#160;<span style="font-size:80%;">•</span>&#160;<a class="external text" href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%88%D3%99%D2%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5&amp;action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";">edit</span></a></div> <p><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Red_Square,_Moscow,_Russia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Red_Square%2C_Moscow%2C_Russia.jpg/115px-Red_Square%2C_Moscow%2C_Russia.jpg" decoding="async" width="115" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Red_Square%2C_Moscow%2C_Russia.jpg/173px-Red_Square%2C_Moscow%2C_Russia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Red_Square%2C_Moscow%2C_Russia.jpg/230px-Red_Square%2C_Moscow%2C_Russia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D3%99%D2%AF" title="Мәскәү">Мәскәү</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Palace_Square,_Saint_Petersburg,_Russia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Palace_Square%2C_Saint_Petersburg%2C_Russia.jpg/115px-Palace_Square%2C_Saint_Petersburg%2C_Russia.jpg" decoding="async" width="115" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Palace_Square%2C_Saint_Petersburg%2C_Russia.jpg/173px-Palace_Square%2C_Saint_Petersburg%2C_Russia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Palace_Square%2C_Saint_Petersburg%2C_Russia.jpg/230px-Palace_Square%2C_Saint_Petersburg%2C_Russia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="856" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Петербург">Петербург</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Novosibirsk_Vauhxall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Novosibirsk_Vauhxall.jpg/115px-Novosibirsk_Vauhxall.jpg" decoding="async" width="115" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Novosibirsk_Vauhxall.jpg/173px-Novosibirsk_Vauhxall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Novosibirsk_Vauhxall.jpg/230px-Novosibirsk_Vauhxall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Новосибирск">Новосибирск</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Yekaterinburg_skyline2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Yekaterinburg_skyline2.jpg/115px-Yekaterinburg_skyline2.jpg" decoding="async" width="115" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Yekaterinburg_skyline2.jpg/173px-Yekaterinburg_skyline2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Yekaterinburg_skyline2.jpg/230px-Yekaterinburg_skyline2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="1635" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Екатеринбург">Екатеринбург</a> </p> </th> <th align="center" style="background:#f5f5f5;">Урын </th> <th align="center" style="background:#f5f5f5;">Шәһәр </th> <th align="center" style="background:#f5f5f5;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Россия Федерациясе субъектлары">РФ субъекты</a> </th> <th align="center" style="background:#f5f5f5;">Халык саны </th> <th rowspan="21"><div class="noprint plainlinks navbar" style="background:none; padding:0; font-weight:normal;; font-size:xx-small;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:Largest_cities_of_Russia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Калып:Largest cities of Russia (бит юк)"><span title="View this template" style="">карау</span></a>&#160;<span style="font-size:80%;">•</span>&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF_%D0%B1%D3%99%D1%85%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5:Largest_cities_of_Russia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Калып бәхәсе:Largest cities of Russia (бит юк)"><span title="Discuss this template" style="">бәхәс</span></a>&#160;<span style="font-size:80%;">•</span>&#160;<a class="external text" href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:Largest_cities_of_Russia&amp;action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";">edit</span></a></div> <p><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Nizhny_Novgorod._Kremlin_and_Strelka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Nizhny_Novgorod._Kremlin_and_Strelka.jpg/115px-Nizhny_Novgorod._Kremlin_and_Strelka.jpg" decoding="async" width="115" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Nizhny_Novgorod._Kremlin_and_Strelka.jpg/173px-Nizhny_Novgorod._Kremlin_and_Strelka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Nizhny_Novgorod._Kremlin_and_Strelka.jpg/230px-Nizhny_Novgorod._Kremlin_and_Strelka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1455" data-file-height="1003" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D0%B1%D3%99%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Түбән Новгород">Түбән Новгород</a> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Самар">Самар</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:%D0%9E%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA._%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA._%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82.jpg/115px-%D0%9E%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA._%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82.jpg" decoding="async" width="115" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA._%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82.jpg/173px-%D0%9E%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA._%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA._%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82.jpg/230px-%D0%9E%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA._%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="998" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Омск">Омск</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Kremlin_Qazansu.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Kremlin_Qazansu.JPG/115px-Kremlin_Qazansu.JPG" decoding="async" width="115" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Kremlin_Qazansu.JPG/173px-Kremlin_Qazansu.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Kremlin_Qazansu.JPG/230px-Kremlin_Qazansu.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казан">Казан</a> </p> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">1</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D3%99%D2%AF" title="Мәскәү">Мәскәү</a></b></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D3%99%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%99%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D1%88%D3%99%D2%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Федерация әһәмиятендәге шәһәр">Федерация әһәмиятендәге шәһәр</a></i></td> <td>11 514 330 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">2</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Петербург">Петербург</a></b></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D3%99%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%99%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D1%88%D3%99%D2%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Федерация әһәмиятендәге шәһәр">Федерация әһәмиятендәге шәһәр</a></i></td> <td>4 848 742 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">3</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Новосибирск">Новосибирск</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Новосибирск өлкәсе">Новосибирск өлкәсе</a></td> <td>1 473 737 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">4</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Екатеринбург">Екатеринбург</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Свердловск өлкәсе">Свердловск өлкәсе</a></td> <td>1 383 448 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">5</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D0%B1%D3%99%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Түбән Новгород">Түбән Новгород</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D0%B1%D3%99%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Түбән Новгород өлкәсе">Түбән Новгород өлкәсе</a></td> <td>1 259 730 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">6</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Самар">Самар</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Самар өлкәсе">Самар өлкәсе</a></td> <td>1 165 025 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">7</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Омск">Омск</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Омск өлкәсе">Омск өлкәсе</a></td> <td>1 153 971 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">8</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казан">Казан</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Татарстан">Татарстан</a></td> <td>1 143 546 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">9</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%B1%D0%B5" title="Чиләбе">Чиләбе</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%B1%D0%B5_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Чиләбе өлкәсе">Чиләбе өлкәсе</a></td> <td>1 130 273 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">10</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="Дондагы Ростов">Дондагы Ростов</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Ростов өлкәсе">Ростов өлкәсе</a></td> <td>1 089 851 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">11</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%84%D0%B0" title="Уфа">Уфа</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Башкортостан">Башкортостан</a></td> <td>1 062 300 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">12</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Волгоград">Волгоград</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Волгоград өлкәсе">Волгоград өлкәсе</a></td> <td>1 021 244 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">13</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C" title="Пермь">Пермь</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5" title="Пермь крае">Пермь крае</a></td> <td>991 530 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">14</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Красноярск">Красноярск</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5" title="Красноярск крае">Красноярск крае</a></td> <td>973 891 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">15</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Воронеж">Воронеж</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Воронеж өлкәсе">Воронеж өлкәсе</a></td> <td>889 989 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">16</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Сарытау">Сарытау</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Сарытау өлкәсе">Сарытау өлкәсе</a></td> <td>837 831 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">17</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Краснодар">Краснодар</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5" title="Краснодар крае">Краснодар крае</a></td> <td>744 933 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">18</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Тольятти">Тольятти</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Самар өлкәсе">Самар өлкәсе</a></td> <td>719 514 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">19</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Ижау">Ижау</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Удмуртия">Удмуртия</a></td> <td>628 116 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">20</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Сембер">Сембер</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Сембер өлкәсе">Сембер өлкәсе</a></td> <td>613 793 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="11" align="center" style="background:#f5f5f5;"><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br style="clear: both" /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Милли_состав"><span id=".D0.9C.D0.B8.D0.BB.D0.BB.D0.B8_.D1.81.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.B2"></span>Милли состав</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Percentage_of_Russians_by_region.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Percentage_of_Russians_by_region.svg/400px-Percentage_of_Russians_by_region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Percentage_of_Russians_by_region.svg/600px-Percentage_of_Russians_by_region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Percentage_of_Russians_by_region.svg/800px-Percentage_of_Russians_by_region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1092" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption>Россия регионнары буенча руслар саны:<br /><span style="color:#ff0000;">█</span>&gt;80%<br /> <span style="color:#ff9955;">█</span>70—79%<br /> <span style="color:#ffccaa;">█</span>50—69%</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Милләт</th> <th>2002 ел,&#160;%<sup id="cite_ref-census2010_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2010-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></th> <th>2010 ел,&#160;%<sup id="cite_ref-census2010_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2010-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Руслар">Руслар</a></td> <td>80,64&#160;%</td> <td>80,90&#160;% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Татарлар">Татарлар</a></td> <td>3,87&#160;%</td> <td>3,87&#160;% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Украиннар">Украиннар</a></td> <td>2,05&#160;%</td> <td>1,41&#160;% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Башкортлар">Башкортлар</a></td> <td>1,16&#160;%</td> <td>1,15&#160;% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Чуашлар">Чуашлар</a></td> <td>1,14&#160;%</td> <td>1,05&#160;% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Чеченнар">Чеченнар</a></td> <td>0,95&#160;%</td> <td>1,04&#160;% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D3%98%D1%80%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%BD%D3%99%D1%80" title="Әрмәннәр">Әрмәннәр</a></td> <td>0,79&#160;%</td> <td>0,86&#160;% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Аварлар">Аварлар</a></td> <td>0,57&#160;%</td> <td>0,66&#160;% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Мордва">Мордва</a></td> <td>0,59&#160;%</td> <td>0,54&#160;% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Казакълар">Казакълар</a></td> <td>0,46&#160;%</td> <td>0,47&#160;% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D3%98%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Әзериләр">Әзериләр</a></td> <td>0,43&#160;%</td> <td>0,44&#160;% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Даргиннар">Даргиннар</a></td> <td>0,35&#160;%</td> <td>0,43&#160;% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Удмуртлар">Удмуртлар</a></td> <td>0,44&#160;%</td> <td>0,40&#160;% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Чирмешләр">Чирмешләр</a></td> <td>0,42&#160;%</td> <td>0,40&#160;% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Осетиннар (бит юк)">Осетиннар</a></td> <td>0,36&#160;%</td> <td>0,39&#160;% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Белоруслар">белоруслар</a></td> <td>0,56&#160;%</td> <td>0,38&#160;% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Кабардиннар (бит юк)">Кабардиннар</a></td> <td>0,36&#160;%</td> <td>0,38&#160;% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Комыклар">Комыклар</a></td> <td>0,29&#160;%</td> <td>0,37&#160;% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Якутлар">Якутлар</a></td> <td>0,31&#160;%</td> <td>0,35&#160;% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D3%99%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Ләзгиләр">Ләзгиләр</a></td> <td>0,29&#160;%</td> <td>0,35&#160;% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D2%AF%D1%80%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Бүрәтләр (бит юк)">Бүрәтләр</a></td> <td>0,31&#160;%</td> <td>0,34&#160;% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ингушлар">Ингушлар</a></td> <td>0,29&#160;%</td> <td>0,32&#160;% </td></tr> <tr> <td>башкалар</td> <td>3,40&#160;%</td> <td>3,51&#160;% </td></tr> <tr> <td>милләтне әйтмәделәр</td> <td>1,46<br /> млн. кеше</td> <td>5,63<br />млн. кеше </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Россия_татарлары"><span id=".D0.A0.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.81.D0.B8.D1.8F_.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.8B"></span>Россия татарлары</h3></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/14px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/21px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/28px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span><i> Төп мәкалә</i>&#58; <i><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Россия Федерациясе татарлары">Россия Федерациясе татарлары</a></b></i></div></dd></dl> <p>РФда Татарлар (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Татарстан">Татарстаннан</a> тыш) <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Башкортостан">Башкортостан</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Мари Иле">Мари Иле</a> (Чирмешстан), <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Мордовия республикасы">Мордовия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%88_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Чуаш Республикасы">Чуашстан</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D3%99%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Дәгъстан">Дәгъстан</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ингушетия">Ингушетия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Төньяк Осетия">Төньяк Осетия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Удмурт Республикасы">Удмуртия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Карелия">Карелия</a> республикаларында, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ханты-Манси">Ханты-Манси</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" class="mw-redirect" title="Ямал-Ненец">Ямал-Ненец</a> автоном округларында, <a href="/wiki/%D3%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Әстерхан">Әстерхан</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Волгоград өлкәсе">Волгоград</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Иркутск өлкәсе">Иркутск</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Киров өлкәсе">Киров</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Корган өлкәсе">Корган</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D3%99%D2%AF" title="Мәскәү">Мәскәү</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%AB%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Ырынбур өлкәсе">Ырынбур</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Пенза өлкәсе">Пенза</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Рязань өлкәсе">Рязань</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Сарытау өлкәсе">Сарытау</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Свердловск өлкәсе">Свердлов</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BC_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Тум өлкәсе">Тум</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Мурманск өлкәсе">Мурманск</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Архангельск өлкәсе">Архангельск</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="Ленинград">Ленинград</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Вологда өлкәсе">Вологда</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BD" title="Төмән">Төмән</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D0%B1%D3%99%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Түбән Новгород өлкәсе">Түбән Новгород</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Новгород өлкәсе">Новгород</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Сембер өлкәсе">Сембер</a> өлкәләрендә һ.б. төбәкләрдә күпләп яшиләр. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Федератив_төзелеш"><span id=".D0.A4.D0.B5.D0.B4.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B8.D0.B2_.D1.82.D3.A9.D0.B7.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B5.D1.88"></span>Федератив төзелеш</h2></div> <dl><dd><i><div class="hatnote">Төп мәкалә: <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B5%D2%A3_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D1%82%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5" title="Россиянең федератив төзелеше">Россиянең федератив төзелеше</a></b></div></i></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Russi_2012.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Russi_2012.png/700px-Russi_2012.png" decoding="async" width="700" height="417" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Russi_2012.png/1050px-Russi_2012.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Russi_2012.png 2x" data-file-width="1069" data-file-height="637" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Россия Федерациясе <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B5%D2%A3_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D1%82%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5" title="Россиянең федератив төзелеше">85 субъекттан тора</a>, шул исәптә <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Россия республикалары (бит юк)">22 республика</a>, 9 край, 46 өлкә, 3 федерация күләме шәһәре, 1 автономияле өлкә, 4 автономияле округ. </p><p>Россия шулай ук <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D2%A3_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Россия Федерациясенең федераль округлары">9 федераль округына</a> бүленә. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Дәүләт_төзелеше"><span id=".D0.94.D3.99.D2.AF.D0.BB.D3.99.D1.82_.D1.82.D3.A9.D0.B7.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B5.D1.88.D0.B5"></span>Дәүләт төзелеше</h2></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Россия Конституциясе">Россия конституциясе</a> буенча, Россия Федерациясе — <a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%B6deras%C3%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Föderasí (бит юк)">федератив</a> демократик дәүләт. </p><p>Президенты – <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Владимир Путин">Владимир Путин</a>. Премьер-министры – <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Михаил Мишустин">Михаил Мишустин</a>. </p><p>Илдә <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C2%AB%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D3%99%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F%C2%BB_%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="«Бердәм Россия» фиркасе (бит юк)">«Бердәм Россия» фиркасенең</a> йогынтысы зур. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Башкарма_хакимияте"><span id=".D0.91.D0.B0.D1.88.D0.BA.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.BC.D0.B0_.D1.85.D0.B0.D0.BA.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B8.D1.8F.D1.82.D0.B5"></span>Башкарма хакимияте</h3></div> <p>Дәүләт башлыгы — бөтен халкы тавыш бирү юлы белән 6 елга сайлана торган президент. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Закон_чыгара_торган_хакимияте"><span id=".D0.97.D0.B0.D0.BA.D0.BE.D0.BD_.D1.87.D1.8B.D0.B3.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B0_.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B3.D0.B0.D0.BD_.D1.85.D0.B0.D0.BA.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B8.D1.8F.D1.82.D0.B5"></span>Закон чыгара торган хакимияте</h3></div> <p>Закон чыгара торган хакимиятне <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D2%96%D1%8B%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Федераль Җыелышы (бит юк)">Федераль Җыелышы</a> тормышка ашыра. Федераль Җыелышы ике палатадан (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Федерация Шурасы">Федерация Шурасы</a> һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D3%99%D2%AF%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%82_%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Дәүләт Думасы">Дәүләт Думасы</a>) тора. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Сәяси_фиркаләр"><span id=".D0.A1.D3.99.D1.8F.D1.81.D0.B8_.D1.84.D0.B8.D1.80.D0.BA.D0.B0.D0.BB.D3.99.D1.80"></span>Сәяси фиркаләр</h3></div> <p>«Сәяси фиркаләр турында» законга туры китереп теркәлгән 42 сәяси фирка бар.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Дәүләти_бәйрәмнәр"><span id=".D0.94.D3.99.D2.AF.D0.BB.D3.99.D1.82.D0.B8_.D0.B1.D3.99.D0.B9.D1.80.D3.99.D0.BC.D0.BD.D3.99.D1.80"></span>Дәүләти бәйрәмнәр</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:2010_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade-31.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/2010_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade-31.jpeg/160px-2010_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade-31.jpeg" decoding="async" width="160" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/2010_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade-31.jpeg/240px-2010_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade-31.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/2010_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade-31.jpeg/320px-2010_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade-31.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="678" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%D2%96%D0%B8%D2%A3%D2%AF_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Җиңү парады">Җиңү парады</a>, <a href="/wiki/2010" class="mw-redirect" title="2010">2010</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80" title="1 гыйнвар">1 гыйнвар</a> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D2%A3%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Яңа ел">Яңа ел</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80" title="7 гыйнвар">7 гыйнвар</a> — Христос <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0" title="Раштуа">Раштуасы</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="23 февраль">23 февраль</a> — Ватанны саклаучылар көне</li> <li><a href="/wiki/8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="8 март">8 март</a> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD-%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Халыкара хатын-кызлар көне">Халыкара хатын-кызлар көне</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="1 май">1 май</a> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B7" title="Яз">Яз</a> һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%82" title="Хезмәт">хезмәт</a> бәйрәме</li> <li><a href="/wiki/9_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="9 май">9 май</a> — <a href="/wiki/%D2%96%D0%B8%D2%A3%D2%AF_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Җиңү көне">Җиңү көне</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12_%D0%B8%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="12 июнь">12 июнь</a> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Россия көне">Россия көне</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C" title="4 ноябрь">4 ноябрь</a> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Халык бердәмлеге көне">Халык бердәмлеге көне</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Кораллы_көчләр"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.BB.D1.8B_.D0.BA.D3.A9.D1.87.D0.BB.D3.99.D1.80"></span>Кораллы көчләр</h2></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Middle_emblem_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_(27.01.1997-present).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Middle_emblem_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%2827.01.1997-present%29.svg/300px-Middle_emblem_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%2827.01.1997-present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Middle_emblem_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%2827.01.1997-present%29.svg/450px-Middle_emblem_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%2827.01.1997-present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Middle_emblem_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%2827.01.1997-present%29.svg/600px-Middle_emblem_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%2827.01.1997-present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="661" data-file-height="448" /></a><figcaption>Россия Федерациясе кораллы көчләренең эмблемасы</figcaption></figure> <dl><dd><i><div class="hatnote">Төп мәкалә: <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%87%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Россия Федерациясе кораллы көчләре">Россия Федерациясе кораллы көчләре</a></b></div></i></dd></dl> <p>Россиянең Кораллы Көчләре – илнең иминлеген саклаучы хәрби дәүләт оешмасы. Кораллы Көчләренең башсәргаскәр <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Россия Президенты">Россия Президенты</a> булып тора. КК белән Саклану министрлыгы һәм Кораллы Көчләре Генераль штабы аша турыдан-туры Саклану министры идарә итә. </p><p><a href="/wiki/2010_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="2010 ел">2010 елның</a> <a href="/wiki/5_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="5 март">5 март</a> хәленә 1 миллион кешедән тора (дөньяда 5-нче урын).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> КК өч төренә (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D2%97%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Коры җир Гаскәрләре (бит юк)">Коры җир Гаскәрләре</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8-%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%87%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Хәрби-һава көчләре">Хәрби-һава көчләре</a> һәм <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8-%D0%94%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Хәрби-Диңгез Флоты (бит юк)">Хәрби-Диңгез Флоты</a>), һәм өч аерым төренә (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8B_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Һава-Космик саклануы гаскәрләре (бит юк)">Һава-Космик саклануы гаскәрләре</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Һава десанты гаскәрләре (бит юк)">Һава десанты гаскәрләре</a> һәм <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%92%D0%A1%D0%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="РВСН (бит юк)">РВСН</a> (стратегик билгеләнү буенча ракета гаскәрләре)) бүленәләр; шуның өстенә, КК составына Кораллы Көчләр Тылы һәм ККның төрләренә һәм аерым төрләренә кермәүчн хәрби оешмалар керәләр: </p> <ul><li>Эчке эшләр идарәсенең Эчке гаскәрләре;</li> <li>Гадәттән тыш хәлләр министрлыгының граждан саклануы гаскәрләре;</li> <li>Тышкы разведка хезмәте;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Россия Федерациясе федераль иминлек хезмәте">Федераль иминлек хезмәте</a> органнары;</li> <li>Федераль саклау хезмәте органнары.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Икътисад"><span id=".D0.98.D0.BA.D1.8A.D1.82.D0.B8.D1.81.D0.B0.D0.B4"></span>Икътисад</h2></div> <dl><dd><i><div class="hatnote">Төп мәкалә: <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Россия икътисады (бит юк)">Россия икътисады</a></b></div></i></dd></dl> <p>Элекке <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Советлар Берлеге">Советлар Берлегендә</a> чыгарылган барлык нефтьнең 90% чамасы, газның 73%, җитештерелгән электроэнергинең 63%, эшкә яраклы агачның 90%, чит илләр белән сәүдә әйләнешенең 80% РФ өлешенә туры килә. ТЭП (<a href="/wiki/2010_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="2010 ел">2010</a>) - 1,477 трлн $ (бөтенесе), җан башына 15 807 $. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Гомум_хәле,_төп_күрсәткечләре"><span id=".D0.93.D0.BE.D0.BC.D1.83.D0.BC_.D1.85.D3.99.D0.BB.D0.B5.2C_.D1.82.D3.A9.D0.BF_.D0.BA.D2.AF.D1.80.D1.81.D3.99.D1.82.D0.BA.D0.B5.D1.87.D0.BB.D3.99.D1.80.D0.B5"></span>Гомум хәле, төп күрсәткечләре</h3></div> <p>Сатып алу мөмкинчелеге паритеты буенча тулаем эчке продукты күләме буенча Россия алтынчы урында тора. </p><p>Россия тулаем эчке продуктының тармаклы төзелеше, <a href="/wiki/2011" class="mw-redirect" title="2011">2011</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Авыл һәм урман хуҗалыгы, балыкчылык — 3,6&#160;%</li> <li>Файдалы казылмаларны чыгару — 9,1%</li> <li>Эшкәртү сәнәгате — 13,6%</li> <li>Энергетика — 3,2%</li> <li>Төзү — 5,5%</li> <li>Сәүдәгәрлек — 16,2%</li> <li>Транспорт һәм элемтә — 7,5%</li> <li>Мәгариф һәм сәламәтлекне саклау — 5,7%</li> <li>Финанслар һәм уңайлыклар — 14,0%</li> <li>Дәүләт белән идарә итү һәм хәрби иминлеге — 5,0%</li> <li>Продуктларга алына торган салым — 15,7%</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Сәнәгать"><span id=".D0.A1.D3.99.D0.BD.D3.99.D0.B3.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.8C"></span>Сәнәгать</h3></div> <p>Россия — сәнәгатьле-аграр дәүләт. Дөнья күләмендә нефть чыгару буенча өченче урында тора (434 млн. т, 1998), <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="Табигый газ">табигый газ</a> буенча — 1 урында (1999), ташкүмер буенча — 6ы урында (154 млн. т, 1998), электр энергия җтештерү буенча — 4 урында (827,2 млрд. кВт·сәг, 1998), корыч кою буенча — 4 урында (49,8 млн. т, 1999), тимер рудасы чыгару буенча — 4 урында (78,3 млн. т, 1995), алтын табу буенча — 6 урында (130 т, 1998), алмаз табу буенча — 2 урында (16 млн. карат, 1993), автомобильләр җитештерү буенча — 11 урында (840 мең, 1998), телевизорлар җитештерү буенча — 6 урында (4 млн. данә, 1993), пластмасса җитештерү буенча — 10 урында (2,4 млн. т, 1993), цемент җитештерү буенча — 7 урында (37 млн. т, 1994). Көрән күмер чыгару — 2 урында, чуен кою, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Күкерт кислотасы">күкерт кислотасы</a> җитештерү буенча — 4 урында, минераль ашлама, киҗе-мамык тукымалар җитештерү буенча — 5 урында, әзер прокат, агач материаллары буенча — 6 урында, <span title="целлюлоза" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help; white-space: nowrap">агач мунчаласы</span> җитештерү буенча — 7 урында (1999). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Авыл_хуҗалыгы"><span id=".D0.90.D0.B2.D1.8B.D0.BB_.D1.85.D1.83.D2.97.D0.B0.D0.BB.D1.8B.D0.B3.D1.8B"></span>Авыл хуҗалыгы</h3></div> <p>Россия дөнья күләмендә бөртекле ашлык җыеп алу буенча җиденче урында тора (1999), бәрәңге җеп алу буенча — 2 урында (31,2 млн. т, 1999), сөт җтештерү буенча — 2 урында (333 млн. т, 1998), терлек ите җитештерү буенча — 7 урында (4,7 млн. т, 1994), елына 261,7 мең т терлек мае җитештерелә (1999), мөгезле эре терлек саны буенча — 6 урында (49 млн. баш, 1994), дуңгызлар саны буенча — 3 урында (32 млн. баш, 1994), сарыклар саны буенча — 4 урында (46 млн. баш, 1994), балык тоту буенча — 6 урында (1999). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Транспорт_һәм_элемтә"><span id=".D0.A2.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.81.D0.BF.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.82_.D2.BB.D3.99.D0.BC_.D1.8D.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BC.D1.82.D3.99"></span>Транспорт һәм элемтә</h2></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:RailwayportMurmansk.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/RailwayportMurmansk.JPG/200px-RailwayportMurmansk.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/RailwayportMurmansk.JPG/300px-RailwayportMurmansk.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/RailwayportMurmansk.JPG/400px-RailwayportMurmansk.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Мурмански">Мурманскиның</a> порт һәм тимер юлы терминалы</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Су_транспорты"><span id=".D0.A1.D1.83_.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.81.D0.BF.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.82.D1.8B"></span>Су транспорты</h3></div> <p>Эре диңгез портлары <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Новороссийски">Новороссийскида</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Владивосток">Владивостокта</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Находка">Находкада</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Архангельск">Архангельскдә</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Дудинка">Дудинкада</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Мурмански">Мурманскида</a> урнашалар. </p><p>Елга транспорты күбесенчә <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Идел">Иделдә</a> кулланыла. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Автомобиль_транспорты"><span id=".D0.90.D0.B2.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.BC.D0.BE.D0.B1.D0.B8.D0.BB.D1.8C_.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.81.D0.BF.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.82.D1.8B"></span>Автомобиль транспорты</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/2010_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="2010 ел">2010 елда</a> Россия автомобиль юлларының гомум озынлыгы — 1 004 мең километр, шул исәптә каты йөгертмәле автомобиль юллары — ~786 мең километр.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Федерация әһәмиятендәге юлларының гомум озынлыгы — ~50 мең километр, регион әһәмиятендәге юлларының гомум озынлыгы — ~450 мең километр. Автомобиль юлларының гомум озынлыгы Россия дөньяда җиденче, ә <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Европа">Европада</a> икенче урынында тора. Каты йөгертмәле автомобиль юлларның тыгызлыгы — 1 мең кешегә 5,3 километр. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Тимер_юл_транспорты"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B5.D1.80_.D1.8E.D0.BB_.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.81.D0.BF.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.82.D1.8B"></span>Тимер юл транспорты</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Russia_Rail_Map_(tat).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/tt/thumb/3/3e/Russia_Rail_Map_%28tat%29.svg/280px-Russia_Rail_Map_%28tat%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/tt/thumb/3/3e/Russia_Rail_Map_%28tat%29.svg/420px-Russia_Rail_Map_%28tat%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/tt/thumb/3/3e/Russia_Rail_Map_%28tat%29.svg/560px-Russia_Rail_Map_%28tat%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1296" data-file-height="729" /></a><figcaption>Россия тимер юлларының схемасы</figcaption></figure> <p>Тимер юл транспорты <a href="/wiki/XIX_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80" title="XIX гасыр">XIX гасырның</a> уртасында киң үсеш ала башлаган. Беренче эре тимер юл магистрале, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D3%99%D2%AF" title="Мәскәү">Мәскәү</a> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Петербург">Петербург</a>, 1851 елда сафка баса. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Транссебер магистрале">Транссебер магистрале</a> эксплуатациягә <a href="/wiki/1892_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1892 ел">1892 елда</a> бирелә, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Россия империясе">Россия империясе</a> территориясе генә аша хәрәкәте <a href="/wiki/1916_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1916 ел">1916 елда</a> башлана. </p><p>Хәзер тимер юл 83 субъектларның 78-да тимер юл бар, аларның гомум озынлыгы якынча 83 мең километрга тиң, шул исәптә электрлаштырылган тимер юллар — ~ 43 мең километр. </p><p>Россиянең 84 шәһәрдә һәм шәһәр тибындагы бистәләрендә <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Трамвай">трамвай</a> элемтәсе бар (гомум озынлыгы — якынча 3 мең километр), 88 шәһәрдә <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Троллейбус">троллейбус</a> элемтәсе бар (гомум озынлыгы — якынча 4,9 мең километр). </p><p>Шуның өстенә, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D3%99%D2%AF_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Мәскәү метрополитены">Мәскәүдә</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Петербург метрополитены">Петербургта</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D0%B1%D3%99%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Түбән Новгород метрополитены">Түбән Новгородда</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Самар метрополитены">Самарда</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Екатеринбург метрополитены">Екатеринбургда</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Новосибирск метрополитены">Новосибирскта</a> һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Казан метрополитены">Казанда</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Метрополитен">метрополитен</a> бар. Метро юлларның гомум озынлыгы — 475 км. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Омск">Омск</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Красноярск">Красноярск</a> һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%B1%D0%B5" title="Чиләбе">Чиләбе</a> метрополитеннары төзелеш стадиясендә торалар. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Һава_транспорты"><span id=".D2.BA.D0.B0.D0.B2.D0.B0_.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.81.D0.BF.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.82.D1.8B"></span>Һава транспорты</h3></div> <p>Ерак Көньяк районнарда, автоюллар юклыгы аркасында, һава транспорты зур ролен уйный. Авиаэлемтәнең төп үзәкләре: <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D3%99%D2%AF" title="Мәскәү">Мәскәү</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Петербург">Петербург</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Төньяк Кавказ (бит юк)">Төньяк Кавказ</a> курортлары, <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Екатеринбург">Екатеринбург</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Новосибирск">Новосибирск</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Иркутск">Иркутск</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Хабарау">Хабарау</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Владивосток">Владивосток</a>. Пассажир ташуларының 80% Мәскәүгә яки Мәскәү аша үткәреләләр. 1991—2011 елларда Россия хәрәкәттәге аэропортлар челтәре дүртләтә кимәйгән.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Искәрмәләр"><span id=".D0.98.D1.81.D0.BA.D3.99.D1.80.D0.BC.D3.99.D0.BB.D3.99.D1.80"></span>Искәрмәләр</h2></div> <div class="noprint tright portal" style="border:solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) 1px; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;"> <table style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit; font-size:85%; line-height:110%; max-width:175px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_map_of_Russia_with_federal_subjects_(2014%E2%80%932022).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portal icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_map_of_Russia_with_federal_subjects_%282014%E2%80%932022%29.svg/32px-Flag_map_of_Russia_with_federal_subjects_%282014%E2%80%932022%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_map_of_Russia_with_federal_subjects_%282014%E2%80%932022%29.svg/48px-Flag_map_of_Russia_with_federal_subjects_%282014%E2%80%932022%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_map_of_Russia_with_federal_subjects_%282014%E2%80%932022%29.svg/64px-Flag_map_of_Russia_with_federal_subjects_%282014%E2%80%932022%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1608" data-file-height="936" /></a></span> </td> <td style="padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align: middle; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Портал:Россия">Россия &#32;порталы</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> </div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-fe76f2a12d5ec0cc4f87479c560b33800328b8ec-v9-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-fe76f2a12d5ec0cc4f87479c560b33800328b8ec-v9_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="color:#dd3333">Error: Unable to display the reference properly. 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See <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C:Wd/doc#References" title="Модуль:Wd/doc">the documentation</a> for details.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-47aa5194a39be105360cff2e65c96c5da75f1a6f-v9-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-47aa5194a39be105360cff2e65c96c5da75f1a6f-v9_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="color:#dd3333">Error: Unable to display the reference properly. See <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C:Wd/doc#References" title="Модуль:Wd/doc">the documentation</a> for details.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-fbecc91df309c6a24e7220dcc7f05105bebe7b68-v9-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-fbecc91df309c6a24e7220dcc7f05105bebe7b68-v9_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="color:#dd3333">Error: Unable to display the reference properly. See <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C:Wd/doc#References" title="Модуль:Wd/doc">the documentation</a> for details.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-b7450da492648eb7c723ac8bdf33491074d2ba64-v9-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-b7450da492648eb7c723ac8bdf33491074d2ba64-v9_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="color:#dd3333">Error: Unable to display the reference properly. See <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C:Wd/doc#References" title="Модуль:Wd/doc">the documentation</a> for details.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-d3f3044223fc828bbf81d4d1c8a2c203bcb81b77-v9-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-d3f3044223fc828bbf81d4d1c8a2c203bcb81b77-v9_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="color:#dd3333">Error: Unable to display the reference properly. See <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C:Wd/doc#References" title="Модуль:Wd/doc">the documentation</a> for details.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-d8fc6ea78078a64146609cb1d4da37bdf1e89041-v9-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-d8fc6ea78078a64146609cb1d4da37bdf1e89041-v9_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="color:#dd3333">Error: Unable to display the reference properly. See <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C:Wd/doc#References" title="Модуль:Wd/doc">the documentation</a> for details.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5zkxwkUEt?url=http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/population/demo/perepis2010/svod.xls"><i>архив күчермәсе</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/population/demo/perepis2010/svod.xls">the original</a> on 2011-06-27<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-11-02</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftt.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F&amp;rft.btitle=%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B2+%D0%BA%D2%AF%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gks.ru%2Ffree_doc%2Fnew_site%2Fpopulation%2Fdemo%2Fperepis2010%2Fsvod.xls&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census2010-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-census2010_10-0">10,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-census2010_10-1">10,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rg.ru/2011/12/16/stat.html">Российская газета. Вот какие мы&#160;— россияне. Об итогах Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180403071918/http://minjust.ru/nko/gosreg/partii/spisok"><i>Список зарегистрированных политических партий</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://minjust.ru/nko/gosreg/partii/spisok">the original</a> on 2018-04-03<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-12-05</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftt.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F&amp;rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminjust.ru%2Fnko%2Fgosreg%2Fpartii%2Fspisok&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.bfm.ru/news/47706">http://www.bfm.ru/news/47706</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140804070454/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/vvp/tab10.xls"><i>архив күчермәсе</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/vvp/tab10.xls">the original</a> on 2014-08-04<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-12-30</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftt.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F&amp;rft.btitle=%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B2+%D0%BA%D2%AF%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gks.ru%2Ffree_doc%2Fnew_site%2Fvvp%2Ftab10.xls&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171029170941/http://www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/b11_13/IssWWW.exe/Stg/d4/17-24.htm"><i>архив күчермәсе</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/b11_13/IssWWW.exe/Stg/d4/17-24.htm">the original</a> on 2017-10-29<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-12-31</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftt.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F&amp;rft.btitle=%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B2+%D0%BA%D2%AF%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gks.ru%2Fbgd%2Fregl%2Fb11_13%2FIssWWW.exe%2FStg%2Fd4%2F17-24.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120707041051/http://airport.org.ru/08_02_news.html"><i>архив күчермәсе</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airport.org.ru/08_02_news.html">the original</a> on 2012-07-07<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-12-31</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftt.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F&amp;rft.btitle=%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B2+%D0%BA%D2%AF%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airport.org.ru%2F08_02_news.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Сылтамалар"><span 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D2%97%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Азәрбайҗан байрагы"><img alt="Азәрбайҗан байрагы" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D2%97%D0%B0%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Азәрбайҗан">Азәрбайҗан</a> · <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Armenia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Әрмәнстан байрагы"><img alt="Әрмәнстан байрагы" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D3%98%D1%80%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Әрмәнстан">Әрмәнстан</a> · <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Беларусия байрагы"><img alt="Беларусия байрагы" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" 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data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казакъстан">Казакъстан</a> · <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Кыргызстан байрагы"><img alt="Кыргызстан байрагы" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Кыргызстан">Кыргызстан</a> · <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Moldova.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Молдавия байрагы"><img alt="Молдавия байрагы" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/20px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/30px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/40px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Молдавия">Молдавия</a> · <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Россия байрагы"><img alt="Россия байрагы" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Россия</a> · <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Таҗикстан байрагы"><img alt="Таҗикстан байрагы" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D2%97%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Таҗикстан">Таҗикстан</a> · <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Үзбәкстан байрагы"><img alt="Үзбәкстан байрагы" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B7%D0%B1%D3%99%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Үзбәкстан">Үзбәкстан</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Emblem_of_CIS.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Emblem_of_CIS.svg/70px-Emblem_of_CIS.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Emblem_of_CIS.svg/105px-Emblem_of_CIS.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Emblem_of_CIS.svg/140px-Emblem_of_CIS.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ассоциацияләүче БДБ әгъзаләре</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Төрекмәнстан байрагы"><img alt="Төрекмәнстан байрагы" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Төрекмәнстан">Төрекмәнстан</a> (БДБ уставын расламаган)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Элеккеге әгъзаләр</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D3%A9%D1%80%D2%97%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Гөрҗистан байрагы"><img alt="Гөрҗистан байрагы" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D3%A9%D1%80%D2%97%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Гөрҗистан">Гөрҗистан</a> (<a href="/wiki/3_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C" title="3 декабрь">3 декабрь</a> <a href="/wiki/1993" class="mw-redirect" title="1993">1993</a> — <a href="/wiki/18_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82" title="18 август">18 август</a> <a href="/wiki/2009" class="mw-redirect" title="2009">2009</a>) · <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Украина байрагы"><img alt="Украина байрагы" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Украина">Украина</a> (<a href="/wiki/10_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C" title="10 декабрь">10 декабрь</a> <a href="/wiki/1994" class="mw-redirect" title="1994">1994</a> — <a href="/wiki/18_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C" title="18 декабрь">18 декабрь</a> <a href="/wiki/2014" class="mw-redirect" title="2014">2014</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4068112"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Аурупа_илләре" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:silver;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Калып:Аурупа илләре"><abbr title="Бу калыпны карау" style=";background:silver;;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">к</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF_%D0%B1%D3%99%D1%85%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5:%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Калып бәхәсе:Аурупа илләре (бит юк)"><abbr title="Бу калыпның бәхәсе" style=";background:silver;;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">б</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Бу калыпны үзгәртү" style=";background:silver;;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">ү</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Аурупа_илләре" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Аурупа илләре">Аурупа илләре</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 2px 0 0"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:LocationEurope.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/LocationEurope.png/150px-LocationEurope.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/LocationEurope.png/225px-LocationEurope.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/LocationEurope.png/300px-LocationEurope.png 2x" data-file-width="2759" data-file-height="1404" /></a></span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Austria.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Аустрия">Австрия</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D2%97%D0%B0%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Азәрбайҗан">Азәрбайҗан</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Albania.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Албания">Албания</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/15px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Алмания">Алмания</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Andorra.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/15px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/23px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/30px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Андорра">Андорра</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Armenia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D3%98%D1%80%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Әрмәнстан">Әрмәнстан</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Belarus.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/15px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Беларусия">Беларусия</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бельгия">Бельгия</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария">Болгария</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/20px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Босния һәм Герцеговина">Босния һәм Герцеговина</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бөекбритания">Бөекбритания</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Vatican_City_(2001%E2%80%932023).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ватикан">Ватикан</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Hungary.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/15px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D2%97%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Маҗарстан">Маҗарстан</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Greece.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/15px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/30px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Греция">Греция</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Georgia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D3%A9%D1%80%D2%97%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Гөрҗистан">Гөрҗистан</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Denmark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/15px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/23px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/30px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Дания Патшалыгы">Дания</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Ireland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ирландия">Ирландия</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Iceland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Исландия">Исландия</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/15px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Испания">Испания</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/15px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Италия">Италия</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казакъстан">Казакъстан</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Cyprus.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/15px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Кипр Республикасы">Кипр</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Latvia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Латвия">Латвия</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Lithuania.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва">Литва</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/15px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/30px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Лихтенштейн">Лихтенштейн</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/15px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/30px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D2%AF%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Лүксимбур">Люксембург</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Malta.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/15px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/30px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Мальта">Мальта</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Moldova.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/15px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/30px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Молдавия">Молдавия</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Monaco.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/15px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/30px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Монако">Монако</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Montenegro.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/15px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/30px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="Монтенегро">Монтенегро</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Нидерландлар">Нидерландлар</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Norway.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/15px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/23px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/30px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Норвегия">Норвегия</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Poland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша">Польша</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Portugal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/15px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Португалия">Португалия</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Romania.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Румыния">Румыния</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Россия</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_San_Marino.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/15px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/23px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/30px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Сан-Марино">Сан-Марино</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Serbia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сербия">Сербия</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Slovakia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Словакия">Словакия</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Slovenia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Словения">Словения</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/15px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Төньяк Македония">Төньяк Македония</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/15px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Төркия">Төркия</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Украина">Украина</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Finland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Финләндия">Финләндия</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/15px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция">Франция</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Croatia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Хорватия">Хорватия</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия">Чехия</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Switzerland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Швейцария">Швейцария</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Sweden.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/15px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Швеция">Швеция</a> &#160;• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Estonia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эстония">Эстония</a> <hr /> <p>Өлешчә танылган дәүләтләр: <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D2%96%D3%A9%D0%BC%D2%BB%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Косово Җөмһүрияте">Косово</a> </p> <hr /> <p>Танылмаган дәүләтләр: <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D2%96%D3%A9%D0%BC%D2%BB%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Днестр буе Молдован Җөмһүрияте">Днестр буе</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D2%96%D3%A9%D0%BC%D2%BB%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Донецк Халык Җөмһүрияте">Донецк Халык Җөмһүрияте</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D2%96%D3%A9%D0%BC%D2%BB%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Луганск Халык Җөмһүрияте">Луганск Халык Җөмһүрияте</a> </p> <hr /> Буйсынган территориялар: <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Акротири һәм Декелия">Акротири һәм Декелия</a>&#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Аланд утраулары">Аланд утраулары</a>&#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Гернси">Гернси</a>&#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Гибралтар">Гибралтар</a>&#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D2%96%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Җерси">Җерси</a>&#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Мэн утравы">Мэн утравы</a>&#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%80_%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Фарер утраулары">Фарер утраулары</a>&#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Шпицберген">Шпицберген</a>&#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ян-Майен">Ян-Майен</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4068112"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Азия_илләре" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:silver;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Калып:Азия илләре (бит юк)"><abbr title="Бу калыпны карау" style=";background:silver;;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">к</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF_%D0%B1%D3%99%D1%85%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5:%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Калып бәхәсе:Азия илләре (бит юк)"><abbr title="Бу калыпның бәхәсе" style=";background:silver;;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">б</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Бу калыпны үзгәртү" style=";background:silver;;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">ү</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Азия_илләре" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Азия илләре">Азия илләре</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 2px 0 0"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:LocationAsia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/LocationAsia.png/150px-LocationAsia.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/LocationAsia.png/225px-LocationAsia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/LocationAsia.png/300px-LocationAsia.png 2x" data-file-width="2759" data-file-height="1404" /></a></span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D2%97%D0%B0%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Азәрбайҗан">Азәрбайҗан</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D3%98%D1%80%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Әрмәнстан">Әрмәнстан</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D3%98%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Әфганстан">Әфганстан</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Бангладеш">Бангладеш</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D3%99%D1%85%D1%80%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Бәхрәйн">Бәхрәйн</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%88%D0%BA%D3%99%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BF_%D3%98%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Берләшкән Гарәп Әмирлекләре">Берләшкән Гарәп Әмирлекләре</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Бруней">Бруней</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бутан">Бутан</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вьетнам">Вьетнам</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D3%A9%D1%80%D2%97%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Гөрҗистан">Гөрҗистан</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Гыйрак">Гыйрак</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Исраил">Исраил</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индонезия">Индонезия</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран">Иран</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%99%D3%99%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BD" title="Йәмән">Йәмән</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казакъстан">Казакъстан</a><sup>1</sup>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D2%97%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Камбоҗа">Камбоҗа</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Катар">Катар</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Кипр Республикасы">Кипр</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D2%96%D3%A9%D0%BC%D2%BB%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Корея Җөмһүрияте">Көньяк Корея</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%96%D3%A9%D0%BC%D2%BB%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Корея Халык Демократик Җөмһүрияте">Төньяк Корея</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%88_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Көнчыгыш Тимор">Көнчыгыш Тимор</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%B2%D3%99%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Күвәйт">Күвәйт</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Кыргызстан">Кыргызстан</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Кытай">Кытай</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Лаос">Лаос</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D3%A9%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Лөбнан">Лөбнан</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Малайзия">Малайзия</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мальдивлар">Мальдивлар</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Мисыр">Мисыр</a><sup>2</sup>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Монголия">Монголия</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Мьянма">Мьянма</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Непал">Непал</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Оман">Оман</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Пакьстан">Пакьстан</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Русия">Русия</a><sup>1</sup>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80" title="Сингапур">Сингапур</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B4_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D3%99%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Согуд Гарәбстаны">Согуд Гарәбстаны</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сүрия">Сүрия</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D2%97%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Таҗикстан">Таҗикстан</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Таиланд">Таиланд</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Төрекмәнстан">Төрекмәнстан</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Төркия">Төркия</a><sup>1</sup>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B7%D0%B1%D3%99%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Үзбәкстан">Үзбәкстан</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D1%80%D0%B4%D2%AF%D0%BD_(%D0%B4%D3%99%D2%AF%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%82)" class="mw-redirect" title="Үрдүн (дәүләт)">Үрдүн</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Филипин">Филипин</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Һиндстан">Һиндстан</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%80%D0%B8-%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Шри-Ланка">Шри-Ланка</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония">Япония</a> <hr /> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D3%99%D2%AF%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Танылмаган дәүләтләр">Танылмаган дәүләтләр</a> һәм башка территорияләр: <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Абхазия">Абхазия</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Вазиристан">Вазиристан</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Гыйрак Көрдстаны (бит юк)">Гыйрак Көрдстаны</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Көньяк Осетия">Көньяк Осетия</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D2%96%D3%A9%D0%BC%D2%BB%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Кытай Җөмһүрияте">Кытай Җөмһүрияте</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%85_%D2%96%D3%A9%D0%BC%D2%BB%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Таулы Карабах Җөмһүрияте">Таулы Карабах</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D2%96%D3%A9%D0%BC%D2%BB%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Төньяк Кипрның Төрек Җөмһүрияте">Төньяк Кипр</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Фәлистыйн">Фәлистыйн</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%94%D3%99%D2%AF%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Шан Дәүләте">Шан Дәүләте</a> </p> <hr /> <sup>1</sup> Өлеше <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Аурупа">Аурупада</a>. <sup>2</sup> Күбесенчә <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Африка">Африкада</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4068112"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ислам_хезмәттәшлеге_оешмасындагы_әгъза_илләр_һәм_күзәтүче_илләр" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%82%D1%82%D3%99%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Калып:Ислам хезмәттәшлеге оешмасы"><abbr title="Бу калыпны карау" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">к</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF_%D0%B1%D3%99%D1%85%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5:%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%82%D1%82%D3%99%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Калып бәхәсе:Ислам хезмәттәшлеге оешмасы (бит юк)"><abbr title="Бу калыпның бәхәсе" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">б</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%82%D1%82%D3%99%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Бу калыпны үзгәртү" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">ү</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ислам_хезмәттәшлеге_оешмасындагы_әгъза_илләр_һәм_күзәтүче_илләр" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%82%D1%82%D3%99%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Ислам хезмәттәшлеге оешмасы">Ислам хезмәттәшлеге оешмасындагы</a></i> әгъза <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB" title="Ил">илләр</a> һәм күзәтүче <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB" title="Ил">илләр</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ИХО әгъзалары</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D2%97%D0%B0%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Азәрбайҗан">Азәрбайҗан</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Алжир">Алжир</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Албания">Албания</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D3%98%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Әфганстан">Әфганстан</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Бангладеш">Бангладеш</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D3%99%D1%85%D1%80%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Бәхрәйн">Бәхрәйн</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Бенин">Бенин</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Бруней">Бруней</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="Буркина-Фасо">Буркина-Фасо</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Габон">Габон</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гамбия">Гамбия</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Гвинея">Гвинея</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%8F-%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Гвинея-Бисау">Гвинея-Бисау</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Джибути">Джибути</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Мисыр">Мисыр</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индонезия">Индонезия</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D1%80%D0%B4%D2%AF%D0%BD" title="Үрдүн">Үрдүн</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Гыйрак">Гыйрак</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран">Иран</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%99%D3%99%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BD" title="Йәмән">Йәмән</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Камерун">Камерун</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казакъстан">Казакъстан</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Катар">Катар</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Кыргызстан">Кыргызстан</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Комор утраулары">Комор утраулары</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%82-%D0%B4%27%D0%98%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Кот-д&#39;Ивуар">Кот-д'Ивуар</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%B2%D3%99%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Күвәйт">Күвәйт</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D3%A9%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Лөбнан">Лөбнан</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ливия">Ливия</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Мавритания">Мавритания</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Малайзия">Малайзия</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Мали">Мали</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мальдивлар">Мальдивлар</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Марокко">Марокко</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мозамбик">Мозамбик</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Нигер">Нигер</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Нигерия">Нигерия</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%88%D0%BA%D3%99%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BF_%D3%98%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Берләшкән Гарәп Әмирлекләре">Берләшкән Гарәп Әмирлекләре</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Оман">Оман</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Пакистан">Пакистан</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Фәлистыйн">Фәлистыйн</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B4_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D3%99%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Согуд Гарәбстаны">Согуд Гарәбстаны</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Сенегал">Сенегал</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сүрия">Сүрия</a> <sup>*</sup> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Сомали">Сомали</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Судан">Судан</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Сьерра-Леоне">Сьерра-Леоне</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D2%97%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Таҗикстан">Таҗикстан</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Того">Того</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Тунис">Тунис</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Төркмәнстан">Төркмәнстан</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Төркия">Төркия</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Уганда">Уганда</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B7%D0%B1%D3%99%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Үзбәкстан">Үзбәкстан</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад">Чад</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:OIC_Logo_since_2011.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="ИХО эмблемасы"><img alt="ИХО эмблемасы" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/OIC_Logo_since_2011.svg/150px-OIC_Logo_since_2011.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/OIC_Logo_since_2011.svg/225px-OIC_Logo_since_2011.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/OIC_Logo_since_2011.svg/300px-OIC_Logo_since_2011.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="278" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ИХО күзәтүче-илләре</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Босния һәм Герцеговина">Босния һәм Герцеговина</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Русия Федерациясе">Русия Федерациясе</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D2%96%D3%A9%D0%BC%D2%BB%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Төньяк Кипрның Төрек Җөмһүрияте">Төньяк Кипрның Төрек Җөмһүрияте</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Таиланд">Таиланд</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B7%D3%99%D0%BA_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D2%96%D3%A9%D0%BC%D2%BB%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Үзәк Африка Җөмһүрияте">Үзәк Африка Җөмһүрияте</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ИХО күзәтүче-оешмалары</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%9C%D0%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="БМО">БМО</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Африка Берлеге">Африка Берлеге</a> &#160;• <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BF_%D0%B4%D3%99%D2%AF%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Гарәп дәүләтләре лигасы">Гарәп дәүләтләре лигасы</a> &#160;• <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%82%D1%82%D3%99%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%BE%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Икътисади хезмәттәшлек оешмасы (бит юк)">Икътисади хезмәттәшлек оешмасы</a> &#160;• <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B8%D1%82%D2%AF_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Мороны азат итү милли фронты (бит юк)">Мороны азат итү милли фронты</a> &#160;• <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%9A%D0%9E_%D3%99%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D3%99%D2%AF%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D2%A3_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ИКО әгъзасы булган дәүләтләрнең парламент берлеге (бит юк)">ИКО әгъзасы булган дәүләтләрнең парламент берлеге</a> &#160;• <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80_%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D1%85%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%82%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Бер якка да кушылмаучылык хәрәкәте (бит юк)">Бер якка да кушылмаучылык хәрәкәте</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><sup>*</sup> -2012 елда әгъзалыгы рәсми туктатылган.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4068112"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Россия_Федерациясе_субъектлары" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#A3EEA3; border-bottom: 1px solid #fdfdfd;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Калып:Россия субъектлары"><abbr title="Бу калыпны карау" style=";background:#A3EEA3; border-bottom: 1px solid #fdfdfd;;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">к</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF_%D0%B1%D3%99%D1%85%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5:%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Калып бәхәсе:Россия субъектлары (бит юк)"><abbr title="Бу калыпның бәхәсе" style=";background:#A3EEA3; border-bottom: 1px solid #fdfdfd;;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">б</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Бу калыпны үзгәртү" style=";background:#A3EEA3; border-bottom: 1px solid #fdfdfd;;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">ү</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Россия_Федерациясе_субъектлары" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Россия Федерациясе субъектлары">Россия Федерациясе субъектлары</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#A3EEA3; padding: 0.3em 1em 0.3em 1em; border-top: 1px solid #fdfdfd; font-size: 97%!important; letter-spacing: 0.05em;"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D2%A3_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Русия Федерациясенең республикалары">Республикалар</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Адыгея">Адыгея</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Алтай Республикасы">Алтай</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Башкортстан">Башкортстан</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бурятия">Бурятия</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Дагстан">Дагстан</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ингушетия">Ингушетия</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0-%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Кабарда-Балкария">Кабарда-Балкария</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Калмыкия">Калмыкия</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B9-%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Карачай-Чиркәсия">Карачай-Чиркәсия</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Карелия">Карелия</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Коми Республикасы">Коми</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Кырым Республикасы">Кырым</a>³</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%98%D0%BB" title="Мари Ил">Мари Ил</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Мордовия">Мордовия</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Татарстан">Татарстан</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Төньяк Осетия">Төньяк Осетия</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Тыва">Тыва</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Удмуртия">Удмуртия</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Хакасия">Хакасия</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Чечня">Чечня</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Чуашия">Чуашия</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Якутия">Якутия</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/80px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#A3EEA3; padding: 0.3em 1em 0.3em 1em; border-top: 2px solid #fdfdfd; font-size: 97%!important; letter-spacing: 0.05em;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D2%A3_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Русия Федерациясенең крайлары (бит юк)">Крайлар</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5" title="Алтай крае">Алтай</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5" title="Байкал арты крае">Байкал арты</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5" title="Диңгез буе крае">Диңгез буе</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5" title="Камчатка крае">Камчатка</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5" title="Краснодар крае">Краснодар</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5" title="Красноярск крае">Красноярск</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5" title="Пермь крае">Пермь</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5" title="Ставрополь крае">Ставрополь</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5" title="Хабаровск крае">Хабаровск</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#A3EEA3; padding: 0.3em 1em 0.3em 1em; border-top: 2px solid #fdfdfd; font-size: 97%!important; letter-spacing: 0.05em;"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D2%A3_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Русия Федерациясенең өлкәләре">Өлкәләр</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Амур өлкәсе">Амур</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Архангельск өлкәсе">Архангельск</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D3%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Әстерхан өлкәсе">Әстерхан</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Белгород өлкәсе">Белгород</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Брянск өлкәсе">Брянск</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Владимир өлкәсе">Владимир</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Волгоград өлкәсе">Волгоград</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Вологда өлкәсе">Вологда</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Воронеж өлкәсе">Воронеж</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Иваново өлкәсе">Иваново</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Иркутск өлкәсе">Иркутск</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Калининград өлкәсе">Калининград</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Калуга өлкәсе">Калуга</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Кемерово өлкәсе">Кемерово</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Киров өлкәсе">Киров</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Кострома өлкәсе">Кострома</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Курган өлкәсе">Курган</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Курск өлкәсе">Курск</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Ленинград өлкәсе">Ленинград</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Липецк өлкәсе">Липецк</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Магадан өлкәсе">Магадан</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D3%99%D2%AF_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Мәскәү өлкәсе">Мәскәү</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Мурманск өлкәсе">Мурманск</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D0%B1%D3%99%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Түбән Новгород өлкәсе">Түбән Новгород</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Новгород өлкәсе">Новгород</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Новосибирск өлкәсе">Новосибирск</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Омск өлкәсе">Омск</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Орел өлкәсе">Орел</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Оренбург өлкәсе">Оренбург</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Пенза өлкәсе">Пенза</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Псков өлкәсе">Псков</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Ростов өлкәсе">Ростов</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Рязань өлкәсе">Рязань</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Самара өлкәсе">Самара</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Сарытау өлкәсе">Сарытау</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Сахалин өлкәсе">Сахалин</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Свердловск өлкәсе">Свердловск</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Смоленск өлкәсе">Смоленск</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Тамбов өлкәсе">Тамбов</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8C_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Тверь өлкәсе">Тверь</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Томск өлкәсе">Томск</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Тула өлкәсе">Тула</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BD_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Төмән өлкәсе">Төмән</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Ульяновск өлкәсе">Ульяновск</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%B1%D0%B5_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Чиләбе өлкәсе">Чиләбе</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Ярославль өлкәсе">Ярославль</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#A3EEA3; padding: 0.3em 1em 0.3em 1em; border-top: 2px solid #fdfdfd; font-size: 97%!important; letter-spacing: 0.05em;"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D3%99%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%99%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D1%88%D3%99%D2%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Федерация әһәмиятендәге шәһәр">Федерация әһәмиятендәге<br /> шәһәрләр</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D3%99%D2%AF" title="Мәскәү">Мәскәү</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Санкт-Петербург">Санкт-Петербург</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%8F%D1%80" title="Акъяр">Акъяр</a>³</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#A3EEA3; padding: 0.3em 1em 0.3em 1em; border-top: 2px solid #fdfdfd; font-size: 97%!important; letter-spacing: 0.05em;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D2%A3_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Русия Федерациясенең автономияле өлкәсе (бит юк)">Автономияле өлкә</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D2%BB%D2%AF%D0%B4_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Яһүд автономияле өлкәсе">Яһүд</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#A3EEA3; padding: 0.3em 1em 0.3em 1em; border-top: 2px solid #fdfdfd; font-size: 97%!important; letter-spacing: 0.05em;"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D2%A3_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Русия Федерациясенең автономияле округлары">Автономияле округлар</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8B" title="Ненец автономияле округы">Ненец</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8_%E2%80%94_%D0%AE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8B" title="Хант-Манси — Югра автономияле округы">Хант-Манси</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8B" title="Чукотка автономияле округы">Чукотка</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8B" title="Ямал-Ненец автономияле округы">Ямал-Ненец</a><sup>2</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#A3EEA3; padding: 0.3em 1em 0.3em 1em; border-top: 2px solid #fdfdfd; font-size: 97%!important; letter-spacing: 0.05em;"><div><sup>1</sup>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Архангельск өлкәсе">Архангельск өлкәсенә</a> керә&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<sup>2</sup>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BD_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Төмән өлкәсе">Төмән өлкәсенә</a> керә.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<sup>3</sup> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Украина">Украина</a> белән бәхәсле территорияләр</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <div style="position:absolute; z-index:50; right:0px; top:-20px;" class="metadata" id="floating_object"><div style="position: relative; width: 20px; height: 15px; overflow: hidden"><div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; font-size: 100px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 100px; z-index: 3"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Википедия:Сайланган мәкаләләр"><span title="Бу мәкалә сайланганнар рәтенә керә.">&#160;&#160;&#160;</span></a></div><div style="position: absolute; top: -5px; left: 0px; z-index: 2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Featured_article_star_tt.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Featured_article_star_tt.svg/15px-Featured_article_star_tt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Featured_article_star_tt.svg/23px-Featured_article_star_tt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Featured_article_star_tt.svg/30px-Featured_article_star_tt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></div></div></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-good"> <tbody><tr> <td class="ambox-image"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Википедия:Сайланган мәкаләләр"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Green_star_boxed.svg/20px-Green_star_boxed.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Green_star_boxed.svg/30px-Green_star_boxed.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Green_star_boxed.svg/40px-Green_star_boxed.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="24" /></a></span></div> </td> <td class="ambox-text">Бу мәкалә Татар Википедиясенең <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Википедия:Сайланган мәкаләләр">сайланган мәкаләләр</a> рәтенә керә. </td> <td class="widthhack"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐85pl5 Cached time: 20241123145952 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false 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