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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AE" title="ليلي رايخ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليلي رايخ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilly_Reich" title="Lilly Reich – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lilly Reich" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilly_Reich" title="Lilly Reich – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lilly Reich" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%BB%CF%85_%CE%A1%CE%AC%CE%B9%CF%87" title="Λίλλυ Ράιχ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λίλλυ Ράιχ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilly_Reich" title="Lilly Reich – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lilly Reich" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilly_Reich" title="Lilly Reich – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lilly Reich" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="لیلی رایش – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لیلی رایش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilly_Reich" title="Lilly Reich – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lilly Reich" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilly_Reich" title="Lilly Reich – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lilly Reich" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9A" title="לילי רייך – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לילי רייך" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilly_Reich" title="Lilly Reich – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lilly Reich" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AE" title="ليلى رايخ – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ليلى رايخ" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilly_Reich" title="Lilly Reich – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lilly Reich" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilly_Reich" title="Lilly Reich – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lilly Reich" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilly_Reich" title="Lilly Reich – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lilly Reich" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilly_Reich" title="Lilly Reich – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lilly Reich" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%85,_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Райх, Лилли – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Райх, Лилли" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilly_Reich" title="Lilly Reich – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lilly Reich" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilly_Reich" title="Lilly Reich – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lilly Reich" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%85" title="Лілі Райх – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лілі Райх" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%89%E8%8E%89%C2%B7%E8%B5%96%E5%B8%8C" title="莉莉·赖希 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="莉莉·赖希" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q64648#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Lilly+Reich%22">"Lilly Reich"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Lilly+Reich%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Lilly+Reich%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Lilly+Reich%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Lilly+Reich%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Lilly+Reich%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Lilly Reich</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lillyreich04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Lillyreich04.jpg/250px-Lillyreich04.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Lillyreich04.jpg/375px-Lillyreich04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Lillyreich04.jpg/500px-Lillyreich04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="393" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Lilly Reich</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Lilly Reich</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1885-06-16</span>)</span>16 June 1885<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">14 December 1947<span style="display:none">(1947-12-14)</span> (aged 62)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">Allied-occupied Germany</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Lilly Reich</b> (16 June 1885 – 14 December 1947) was a German <a href="/wiki/Designer" title="Designer">designer</a> of textiles, furniture, interiors, and exhibition spaces. She was a close collaborator with <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe" title="Ludwig Mies van der Rohe">Ludwig Mies van der Rohe</a> for more than ten years during the <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar</a> period from 1925 until his emigration to the U.S. in 1938. Reich was an important figure in the early <a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modern Movement</a> in architecture and <a href="/wiki/Design" title="Design">design</a>. Her fame was posthumous, as the significance of her contribution to the work of Mies van der Rohe and others with whom she collaborated with only became clear through the research of later historians of the field.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lilly_Reich&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wei%C3%9Fenhof-Stuhl_mit_Geflecht_von_Lilly_Reich.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Wei%C3%9Fenhof-Stuhl_mit_Geflecht_von_Lilly_Reich.jpg/220px-Wei%C3%9Fenhof-Stuhl_mit_Geflecht_von_Lilly_Reich.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Wei%C3%9Fenhof-Stuhl_mit_Geflecht_von_Lilly_Reich.jpg/330px-Wei%C3%9Fenhof-Stuhl_mit_Geflecht_von_Lilly_Reich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Wei%C3%9Fenhof-Stuhl_mit_Geflecht_von_Lilly_Reich.jpg/440px-Wei%C3%9Fenhof-Stuhl_mit_Geflecht_von_Lilly_Reich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2269" data-file-height="2449" /></a><figcaption>MR 10 <a href="/wiki/Weissenhof_chair" title="Weissenhof chair">Weissenhof chair</a>, designed by Reich and Mies van der Rohe (1927)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barcelona_Chair_Barcelona_Pavilion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Barcelona_Chair_Barcelona_Pavilion.jpg/220px-Barcelona_Chair_Barcelona_Pavilion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Barcelona_Chair_Barcelona_Pavilion.jpg/330px-Barcelona_Chair_Barcelona_Pavilion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Barcelona_Chair_Barcelona_Pavilion.jpg/440px-Barcelona_Chair_Barcelona_Pavilion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="2016" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Barcelona_Chair" class="mw-redirect" title="Barcelona Chair">Barcelona Chair</a> (1929) photographed in situ at the reconstructed <a href="/wiki/Barcelona_Pavilion" title="Barcelona Pavilion">Barcelona Pavilion</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Reich was born in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> on 16 June 1885. </p><p>In 1908, age 23, she put her <a href="/wiki/Embroidery" title="Embroidery">embroidery</a> training to use when she went to <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> to work for the <a href="/wiki/Wiener_Werkst%C3%A4tte" title="Wiener Werkstätte">Wiener Werkstätte</a> (Vienna Workshop) of <a href="/wiki/Josef_Hoffmann" title="Josef Hoffmann">Josef Hoffmann</a>, a visual arts production company of designers, artists, and architects. Hoffmann was a celebrated modernist designer, responsible for designs such as the Kubus chair (1918), Cabinet (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1915</span>), Koller (1911), and Broncia (1912) chairs. Reich worked with Hoffmann on the design of the Kubus armchair and sofa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lilly_Reich&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Reich returned to Berlin by 1911. There she began to design furniture, textiles and women's clothes.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This experience was to be formative for her – giving her a particular interest in contrasting textures and materials, as well as specific skills with regard to the use of textiles in furniture. She also worked as a shop window decorator at this time. In 1911, after working for many of Berlin's most fashionable department stores, Reich designed store windows and clothing installations for Wertheim Department Store of Berlin. In 1912, two seminal events helped establish her reputation as an influential designer and exhibition organizer. First, she designed well-received interiors for a worker's apartment and two stores for the Lyzeum-Klub exhibition <i>Die Frau in Haus und Beruf</i> (Woman at Home and at Work).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuaid199660_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuaid199660-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same year, 1912 she was elected to membership in the <a href="/wiki/German_Werkbund" class="mw-redirect" title="German Werkbund">German Werkbund</a>, or German Work Federation, an organization founded in 1907 that aimed to ally art and industry as a means to improve German-made products and designs.,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuaid199660_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuaid199660-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a group similar to the Vienna Workshop whose purpose was to help improve competitiveness of German companies in the global market. The Werkbund sponsored lectures for shopkeepers and consumers as well as sought the assistance of museums to influence public taste through exhibitions. In 1912 she designed a sample working-class flat in the Berlin Gewerkschaftshaus, or Trade Union House. It received much praise for the clarity and functionalism of the furnishings. The 1913 Werkbund yearbook carried a series of photographs which included one by Reich: Elephant Pharmacy, Berlin 1913.<sup id="cite_ref-da_Costa_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-da_Costa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1914, Reich converted her studio to a dressmaker's shop and maintained it through the duration of World War I.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuaid199660_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuaid199660-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She contributed work to the <a href="/wiki/Werkbund_Exhibition_(1914)" title="Werkbund Exhibition (1914)">Werkbund exhibition</a> in Cologne in 1914. On 25 October 1920, Reich was formally recognized by her peers when she was named to the Board of Directors of Deutsche Werkbund. She was the first woman to be appointed to the Werkbund's governing board.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuaid199660_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuaid199660-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was her responsibility to plan and curate design exhibits hosted by the Werkbund and intended to promote German designers both in Germany and abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1921–22, Reich organized and prepared two large exhibitions to be shown at the Newark Museum in <a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark, New Jersey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuaid199614–17_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuaid199614–17-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first exhibition, entitled "The Applied Arts," consisted entirely of women's clothing and accessories, seeking to promote the revival of German fashion and increase cooperation between artists and manufacturers. The second exhibition was an enormous undertaking with the display of more than 1,600 objects, many chosen by Reich, to showcase the quality and breadth of German industrial design.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuaid199614–17_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuaid199614–17-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over 4,000 people visited the exhibition between 18 April and 31 May 1922 and the Newark Museum acquired over sixty-five objects from the exhibition, including a children's clothing design by Reich.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuaid199614–17_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuaid199614–17-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The show did not travel in the United States as hoped, given a strong anti-German sentiment subsequent to the First World War. Nonetheless, the show had a profound effect on American design and its influences may be seen in the work of U.S. designers after this date. </p><p>From 1924 to 1926, she worked at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Messeamt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Messeamt (page does not exist)">Messeamt</a>, or Trade Fair Office, in Frankfurt am Main.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There, she was in charge of organizing and designing trade fairs.<sup id="cite_ref-kettererkunst.com_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kettererkunst.com-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was there that she met <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe" title="Ludwig Mies van der Rohe">Ludwig Mies van der Rohe</a>, vice president of the Deutscher Werkbund.<sup id="cite_ref-kettererkunst.com_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kettererkunst.com-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This sparked a period of involvement of furniture for van der Rohe as the two collaborated on many projects together. In 1927, the two worked on "Die Wohnung" in Stuttgart for the Werkbund. She designed many interiors for this exhibition including "Wohnraum in Spiegelglas" ("living space in mirror glass"). In 1929 she became the artistic director for the German contribution to the <a href="/wiki/1929_Barcelona_International_Exposition" title="1929 Barcelona International Exposition">Barcelona World Exposition</a>, where van der Rohe designed his world-famous pavilion. This is where the famous <a href="/wiki/Barcelona_chair" title="Barcelona chair">Barcelona chair</a> made its first appearance. This pavilion was considered the highlight of their design efforts. </p><p>One of her larger expositions was during the International Exposition of 1929 in Barcelona. During this, she stressed the need for connection to the industry and serial production. With this she created mass-produced objects, neatly stacked side by side by the hundreds in elegant, tailored contexts, Reich in fact dissolved the individual unit in an abstract and global image. </p><p>In 1932, Reich was asked by van der Rohe to teach at the <a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a> and direct the interior design workshop. She was one of a small number of female teachers on staff, and only the second to hold the title of "Master". She taught <a href="/wiki/Interior_design" title="Interior design">interior design</a> and <a href="/wiki/Furniture_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Furniture design">furniture design</a>, heading the interior finishings department, which included, weaving, wall painting, metalwork, and cabinetry workshops.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Writing about Reich's tenure at the Bauhaus, art historian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrian_Sudhalter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adrian Sudhalter (page does not exist)">Adrian Sudhalter</a> states that Reich "also manage[d] much of the daily administration of the Bauhaus for Mies." Her tenure was short-lived as the Bauhaus was closed in 1933 by the Nazis, who referred to it as an "oriental palace" and "synagogue" filled with "Bolshevists" and "cultural Marxists" dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Degenerate_art" title="Degenerate art">degenerate art</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1931 she had an exhibition called "Dwelling in Our Time Berlin" and in 1934 the "Material Show: Wood" exhibit, as well as "German People – German Work".<sup id="cite_ref-da_Costa_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-da_Costa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1937, Reich displayed and installation at the <a href="/wiki/Exposition_Internationale_des_Arts_et_Techniques_dans_la_Vie_Moderne" title="Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne">1937 Paris World's Fair</a>. Her installation would become a part of <a href="/wiki/Albert_Speer" title="Albert Speer">Albert Speer</a>'s Nazi Pavilion, during an extremely tense World's Fair.<sup id="cite_ref-da_Costa_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-da_Costa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1938, just before the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, Mies emigrated to the U.S. Reich continued to manage her own interior design firm in Germany, until her death. She visited him in the U.S. in September 1939, but did not stay, returning instead to Berlin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuaid199661_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuaid199661-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Her studio was bombed in 1943 and she was sent to a forced labour camp, where she remained until 1945. After her release at the end of the war, Reich briefly taught at the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_University_of_the_Arts" title="Berlin University of the Arts">Universität der Künste</a> in Berlin.<sup id="cite_ref-bauhaus-online.de_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bauhaus-online.de-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was forced to resign due to ill health in 1945. She was instrumental in the revival of the Deutsche Werkbund, but died in Berlin before its formal re-establishment in 1950. She died on 14 December 1947, aged 62 in Berlin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Work_with_Mies_van_der_Rohe">Work with Mies van der Rohe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lilly_Reich&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Work with Mies van der Rohe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Through her involvement with the Werkbund, Reich met <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe" title="Ludwig Mies van der Rohe">Ludwig Mies van der Rohe</a> and moved from Frankfurt to Berlin to work with him in 1926. She was Mies' personal and professional partner for 13 years from 1925 until his emigration to the U.S. in 1938. It is said<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="By whom? (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> that they were constant companions, working together on curating and implementing exhibitions for the Werkbund, as well as designing <a href="/wiki/Modern_furniture" title="Modern furniture">modern furniture</a> as part of larger architectural commissions, such as the <a href="/wiki/Barcelona_Pavilion" title="Barcelona Pavilion">Barcelona Pavilion</a> in 1929 and the <a href="/wiki/Tugendhat_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Tugendhat House">Tugendhat House</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brno" title="Brno">Brno</a>. Two of their best known modern furniture designs from this period are the <a href="/wiki/Barcelona_Chair" class="mw-redirect" title="Barcelona Chair">Barcelona Chair</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brno_Chair" class="mw-redirect" title="Brno Chair">Brno Chair</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Albert Pfeiffer, Vice President of Design and Management at <a href="/wiki/Knoll_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Knoll (company)">Knoll</a>, has been researching and lecturing on Reich for some time. He points out that:<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>It became more than a coincidence that Mies's involvement and success in exhibition design began at the same time as his personal relationship with Reich... It is interesting to note that Mies did not fully develop any contemporary furniture successfully before or after his collaboration with Reich.</p></blockquote> <p>Reich collaborated and co-designed the Brno Chair, the famous <a href="/wiki/Barcelona_Chair" class="mw-redirect" title="Barcelona Chair">Barcelona Chair</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Barcelona_Pavilion" title="Barcelona Pavilion">Barcelona Pavilion</a> along with Mies on behalf of the German government for the 1929 World Exhibition in Barcelona, Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-bauhaus-online.de_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bauhaus-online.de-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Barcelona Pavilion is considered to be a masterpiece of modern design, however, Lilly Reich is rarely mentioned in textbooks, nor given proper credit for her contributions.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lilly Reich traveled to the United States, England, and Austria to study and work with the designers of her time. She also curated exhibitions on behalf of her government.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lilly_Reich&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1996, the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a> in New York presented an exhibition on her work "Lilly Reich: Designer and Architect"<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which for the first time brought attention to this influential but almost forgotten designer.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, the <a href="/wiki/Mies_van_der_Rohe_Foundation" title="Mies van der Rohe Foundation">Mies van der Rohe Foundation</a> in Spain presented the first edition of the <a href="/wiki/Mies_van_der_Rohe_Foundation#Lilly_Reich_Grant" title="Mies van der Rohe Foundation">Lilly Reich Grant</a> for equality in architecture. The grant was specifically addressed to the study of the work by Lilly Reich herself, and to delving into the knowledge and dissemination of an essential figure in the history of modern architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are streets named after Lilly Reich in the German cities of <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hildesheim" title="Hildesheim">Hildesheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ingolstadt" title="Ingolstadt">Ingolstadt</a>, and <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6srath" title="Rösrath">Rösrath</a>, as well as the French city of <a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lilly_Reich&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_of_the_Bauhaus" title="Women of the Bauhaus">Women of the Bauhaus</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lilly_Reich&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSherin2018" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Sherin, Aaris (2018). "Reich, Lilly". <i>Reich, Lilly</i>. <i>Grove Art Online</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgao%2F9781884446054.article.t2021963">10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.t2021963</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Reich%2C+Lilly&rft.btitle=Grove+Art+Online&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgao%2F9781884446054.article.t2021963&rft.aulast=Sherin&rft.aufirst=Aaris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilly+Reich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cmoa.org/CollectionDetail.aspx?item=1022315">"MR20 armchair"</a>. Carnegie Museum of Art.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MR20+armchair&rft.pub=Carnegie+Museum+of+Art&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cmoa.org%2FCollectionDetail.aspx%3Fitem%3D1022315&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilly+Reich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchuldenfreiFisher2014" class="citation journal cs1">Schuldenfrei, Robin; Fisher, Annika (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/677870">"Lilly Reich: Questions of Fashion"</a>. <i>West 86th: A Journal of Decorative Arts, Design History, and Material Culture</i>. <b>21</b> (1): 102–120. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F677870">10.1086/677870</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2153-5531">2153-5531</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/677870">10.1086/677870</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:191078785">191078785</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=West+86th%3A+A+Journal+of+Decorative+Arts%2C+Design+History%2C+and+Material+Culture&rft.atitle=Lilly+Reich%3A+Questions+of+Fashion&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=102-120&rft.date=2014&rft.issn=2153-5531&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A191078785%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.1086%2F677870%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F677870&rft.aulast=Schuldenfrei&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft.au=Fisher%2C+Annika&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.1086%2F677870&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilly+Reich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuaid199660-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuaid199660_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuaid199660_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuaid199660_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuaid199660_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcQuaid1996">McQuaid 1996</a>, p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-da_Costa-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-da_Costa_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-da_Costa_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-da_Costa_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFda_Costa_Meyer1999" class="citation journal cs1">da Costa Meyer, Esther (Winter 1999). "Cruel Metonymies: Lilly Reich's Designs for the 1937 World's Fair". <i>New German Critique</i> (76). Duke University Press: 161–189. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F488661">10.2307/488661</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/488661">488661</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+German+Critique&rft.atitle=Cruel+Metonymies%3A+Lilly+Reich%27s+Designs+for+the+1937+World%27s+Fair&rft.ssn=winter&rft.issue=76&rft.pages=161-189&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F488661&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F488661%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=da+Costa+Meyer&rft.aufirst=Esther&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilly+Reich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lilly-reich.com/">"Lilly Reich Biography"</a>. <i>www.lilly-reich.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.lilly-reich.com&rft.atitle=Lilly+Reich+Biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lilly-reich.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilly+Reich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuaid199614–17-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuaid199614–17_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuaid199614–17_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuaid199614–17_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcQuaid1996">McQuaid 1996</a>, pp. 14–17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kettererkunst.com/bio/lilly-reich-1885.php">"Ketterer Kunst, Art auctions, Book auctions Munich, Hamburg & Berlin"</a>. <i>www.kettererkunst.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.kettererkunst.com&rft.atitle=Ketterer+Kunst%2C+Art+auctions%2C+Book+auctions+Munich%2C+Hamburg+%26+Berlin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kettererkunst.com%2Fbio%2Flilly-reich-1885.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilly+Reich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kettererkunst.com-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kettererkunst.com_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kettererkunst.com_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kettererkunst.com/bio/lilly-reich-1885.php">"Biographies: Lilly Reich"</a>. <i>www.kettererkunst.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.kettererkunst.com&rft.atitle=Biographies%3A+Lilly+Reich&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kettererkunst.com%2Fbio%2Flilly-reich-1885.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilly+Reich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.core77.com/posts/55200/Lilly-Reich-Was-More-Than-Miess-Collaborator">"Lilly Reich Was More Than Mies's Collaborator"</a>. <i>Core77</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Core77&rft.atitle=Lilly+Reich+Was+More+Than+Mies%27s+Collaborator&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.core77.com%2Fposts%2F55200%2FLilly-Reich-Was-More-Than-Miess-Collaborator&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilly+Reich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-03-11/100-years-later-how-the-bauhaus-resisted-nazi-germany">"How the Bauhaus Kept the Nazis at Bay, Until It Couldn't"</a>. <i>Bloomberg</i>. 11 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=How+the+Bauhaus+Kept+the+Nazis+at+Bay%2C+Until+It+Couldn%27t&rft.date=2019-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2019-03-11%2F100-years-later-how-the-bauhaus-resisted-nazi-germany&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilly+Reich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuaid199661-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuaid199661_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcQuaid1996">McQuaid 1996</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bauhaus-online.de-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bauhaus-online.de_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bauhaus-online.de_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bauhaus100.com/the-bauhaus/people/masters-and-teachers/lilly-reich/">"Lilly Reich"</a>. <i>100 Years of Bauhaus</i>. Bauhaus Kooperation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=100+Years+of+Bauhaus&rft.atitle=Lilly+Reich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bauhaus100.com%2Fthe-bauhaus%2Fpeople%2Fmasters-and-teachers%2Flilly-reich%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilly+Reich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPfeiffer1997" class="citation web cs1">Pfeiffer, Albert (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130329104451/http://www.core77.com/AWID/reich.html">"Lilly Reich"</a>. Association of Women Industrial Designers. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.core77.com/AWID/reich.html">the original</a> on 29 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lilly+Reich&rft.pub=Association+of+Women+Industrial+Designers&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Pfeiffer&rft.aufirst=Albert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.core77.com%2FAWID%2Freich.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilly+Reich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://miesbcn.com/project/lilly-reich-grant-for-equality-in-architecture/">"Lilly Reich Grant for equality in architecture"</a>. <i>Fundació Mies van der Rohe</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fundaci%C3%B3+Mies+van+der+Rohe&rft.atitle=Lilly+Reich+Grant+for+equality+in+architecture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmiesbcn.com%2Fproject%2Flilly-reich-grant-for-equality-in-architecture%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilly+Reich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://press.moma.org/wp-content/press-archives/PRESS_RELEASE_ARCHIVE/reich.pdf">"Lilly Reich: Designer and Architect"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The Museum of Modern Art. 1996.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lilly+Reich%3A+Designer+and+Architect&rft.pub=The+Museum+of+Modern+Art&rft.date=1996&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpress.moma.org%2Fwp-content%2Fpress-archives%2FPRESS_RELEASE_ARCHIVE%2Freich.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilly+Reich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/calendar/exhibitions/278">"Lilly Reich: Designer and Architect | MoMA"</a>. <i>The Museum of Modern Art</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Museum+of+Modern+Art&rft.atitle=Lilly+Reich%3A+Designer+and+Architect+%7C+MoMA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moma.org%2Fcalendar%2Fexhibitions%2F278&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilly+Reich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuschamp,_Herbert1996" class="citation web cs1">Muschamp, Herbert (9 February 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1996/02/09/arts/architecture-review-a-modernist-steps-out-of-the-shadows.html">"A Modernist Steps Out Of the Shadows"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Modernist+Steps+Out+Of+the+Shadows&rft.date=1996-02-09&rft.au=Muschamp%2C+Herbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1996%2F02%2F09%2Farts%2Farchitecture-review-a-modernist-steps-out-of-the-shadows.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilly+Reich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archdaily.com/941766/mies-van-der-rohe-foundation-launches-lilly-reich-grant-for-equality-in-architecture">"Mies van der Rohe Foundation Launches Lilly Reich Grant for Equality in Architecture"</a>. <i>Archdaily</i>. 16 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archdaily&rft.atitle=Mies+van+der+Rohe+Foundation+Launches+Lilly+Reich+Grant+for+Equality+in+Architecture&rft.date=2020-06-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archdaily.com%2F941766%2Fmies-van-der-rohe-foundation-launches-lilly-reich-grant-for-equality-in-architecture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilly+Reich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://miesbcn.com/project/lilly-reich-grant-for-equality-in-architecture/">"Lilly Reich Grant for equality in architecture"</a>. <i>Fundació Mies van der Rohe</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fundaci%C3%B3+Mies+van+der+Rohe&rft.atitle=Lilly+Reich+Grant+for+equality+in+architecture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmiesbcn.com%2Fproject%2Flilly-reich-grant-for-equality-in-architecture%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilly+Reich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/maps/search/lilly+reich+strasse">"Lilly Reich Strasse"</a>. <i>Google Maps</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+Maps&rft.atitle=Lilly+Reich+Strasse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fmaps%2Fsearch%2Flilly%2Breich%2Bstrasse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilly+Reich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adresse.data.gouv.fr/">"Ruelle Lilly Reich, Nantes (44109) - Base Adresse Nationale"</a>. <i>adresse.data.gouv.fr</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=adresse.data.gouv.fr&rft.atitle=Ruelle+Lilly+Reich%2C+Nantes+%2844109%29+-+Base+Adresse+Nationale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadresse.data.gouv.fr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilly+Reich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lilly_Reich&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcQuaid1996" class="citation book cs1">McQuaid, Matilda (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/documents/moma_catalogue_278_300199443.pdf"><i>Lilly Reich: Designer and Architect</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. New York: The Museum of Modern Art. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87070-144-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-87070-144-4"><bdi>0-87070-144-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lilly+Reich%3A+Designer+and+Architect&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=The+Museum+of+Modern+Art&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-87070-144-4&rft.aulast=McQuaid&rft.aufirst=Matilda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moma.org%2Fdocuments%2Fmoma_catalogue_278_300199443.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilly+Reich" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Conti, Giulia (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tabedizioni.it/shop/product/lilly-reich-525?order=ordering+desc&section=collane&series=5"><i>Lilly Reich. La rivoluzione della spazialità tessile tra emancipazione e avanguardia</i></a>. Roma: TabEdizioni. ISBN 978-88-9295-208-9</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lilly_Reich&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lilly_Reich" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Lilly Reich">Lilly Reich</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130329104451/http://www.core77.com/AWID/reich.html">Lilly Reich</a> by Albert Pfeiffer, Vice President of Design Management at <a href="/wiki/Knoll_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Knoll (company)">Knoll (company)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museumderdinge.de/werkbund_archiv/protagonisten/lilly_reich.php">Biography</a> from the Werkbundarchiv <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lilly-reich.com/">Webpage</a> of Lilly Reich organization.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kettererkunst.com/bio/lilly-reich-1885.shtml">Biography</a> at Kettererkunst.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/calendar/exhibitions/1369">Designing Modern Women 1890–1990</a> Exhibition at the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a> (MoMA), New York</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Weaving" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Weaving" title="Template:Weaving"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Weaving" title="Template talk:Weaving"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Weaving" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Weaving"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Weaving" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">Weaving</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Weaves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basketweave_(weaving)" title="Basketweave (weaving)">Basketweave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charvet_(fabric)" title="Charvet (fabric)">Charvet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woven_coverlet" title="Woven coverlet">Coverlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobby_(cloth)" title="Dobby (cloth)">Dobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_cloth" title="Double cloth">Double weave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Even-weave" class="mw-redirect" title="Even-weave">Even-weave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabardine" title="Gabardine">Gabardine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampas" title="Lampas">Lampas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leno_weave" title="Leno weave">Leno weave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_(cloth)" title="Oxford (cloth)">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pile_weave" title="Pile weave">Pile weave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piqu%C3%A9_(weaving)" title="Piqué (weaving)">Piqué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain_weave" title="Plain weave">Plain weave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satin" title="Satin">Satin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shot_silk" title="Shot silk">Shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swivel_weave" title="Swivel weave">Swivel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twill" title="Twill">Twill</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Swedish_weaving.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Swedish_weaving.jpg/120px-Swedish_weaving.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Swedish_weaving.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="174" data-file-height="253" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Textile" title="Textile">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warp_and_weft" title="Warp and weft">Warp and weft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarn" title="Yarn">Yarn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tools and techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barber-Colman_knotter" title="Barber-Colman knotter">Barber-Colman knotter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beamer_(occupation)" title="Beamer (occupation)">Beamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braid" title="Braid">Braid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilkat_weaving" title="Chilkat weaving">Chilkat weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fingerweaving" title="Fingerweaving">Fingerweaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_shuttle" title="Flying shuttle">Flying shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heddle" title="Heddle">Heddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikat" title="Ikat">Ikat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inkle_weaving" class="mw-redirect" title="Inkle weaving">Inkle weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasuri" title="Kasuri">Kasuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loom" title="Loom">Loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_weaving" title="Navajo weaving">Navajo weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pibiones" title="Pibiones">Pibiones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_(weaving)" title="Reed (weaving)"> Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salish_weaving" title="Salish weaving">Salish weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shed_(weaving)" title="Shed (weaving)">Shed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle_(weaving)" title="Shuttle (weaving)">Shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sizing" title="Sizing">Sizing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Textile_sizing_machine" title="Textile sizing machine">Sizing machine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablet_weaving" title="Tablet weaving">Tablet weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talim_(textiles)" title="Talim (textiles)">Talim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C4%81niko" title="Tāniko">Tāniko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapestry" title="Tapestry">Tapestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_(weaving)" title="Temple (weaving)">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattle_(construction)" title="Wattle (construction)">Wattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wicker" title="Wicker">Wicker</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Resin_wicker" title="Resin wicker">Resin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of <a href="/wiki/Loom" title="Loom">looms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air-jet_loom" title="Air-jet loom">Air-jet loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandy_loom" title="Dandy loom">Dandy loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobby_loom" title="Dobby loom">Dobby loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hattersley_loom" title="Hattersley loom">Hattersley loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horrocks_loom" title="Horrocks loom">Horrocks loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacquard_loom" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacquard loom">Jacquard loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancashire_Loom" title="Lancashire Loom">Lancashire loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Loom" title="Northrop Loom">Northrop loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_loom" title="Power loom">Power loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapier_loom" title="Rapier loom">Rapier loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberts_Loom" title="Roberts Loom">Roberts loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warp-weighted_loom" title="Warp-weighted loom">Warp-weighted loom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Weavers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acesas" title="Acesas">Acesas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anni_Albers" title="Anni Albers">Anni Albers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otti_Berger" title="Otti Berger">Otti Berger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micheline_Beauchemin" title="Micheline Beauchemin">Micheline Beauchemin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johanna_Brunsson" title="Johanna Brunsson">Johanna Brunsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ada_Dietz" title="Ada Dietz">Ada Dietz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ferguson_%26_Co_Ltd" title="Thomas Ferguson & Co Ltd">Thomas Ferguson & Co Ltd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Forsell" title="Elisabeth Forsell">Elisabeth Forsell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Liebes" title="Dorothy Liebes">Dorothy Liebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Mairet" title="Ethel Mairet">Ethel Mairet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Elisabet_%C3%96berg" title="Maria Elisabet Öberg">Maria Elisabet Öberg</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lilly Reich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaretha_Reichardt" title="Margaretha Reichardt">Margaretha Reichardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rylands" title="John Rylands">John Rylands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigitta_Scherzenfeldt" title="Brigitta Scherzenfeldt">Brigitta Scherzenfeldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Sherman" title="Clara Sherman">Clara Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunta_St%C3%B6lzl" title="Gunta Stölzl">Gunta Stölzl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judocus_de_Vos" title="Judocus de Vos">Judocus de Vos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaretha_Zetterberg" title="Margaretha Zetterberg">Margaretha Zetterberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Employment practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/More_looms" title="More looms">More looms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kissing_the_shuttle" title="Kissing the shuttle">Kissing the shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piece-rate_list" title="Piece-rate list">Piece-rate list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mills</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bancroft_Shed" title="Bancroft Shed">Bancroft Shed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Street_Mill" title="Queen Street Mill">Queen Street Mill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe" title="Template:Ludwig Mies van der Rohe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe" title="Template talk:Ludwig Mies van der Rohe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ludwig Mies van der Rohe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe" title="Ludwig Mies van der Rohe">Ludwig Mies van der Rohe</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Berlin years<br />(1907–1938)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Wolf" title="Villa Wolf">Villa Wolf</a> (1925–1926; destroyed, 1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weissenhof_Estate" title="Weissenhof Estate">Weissenhof Estate</a> (four homes) (1927–1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona_Pavilion" title="Barcelona Pavilion">Barcelona Pavilion</a> (1928–1929; reconstructed, 1986) (with <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lilly Reich</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haus_Lange_and_Haus_Esters" title="Haus Lange and Haus Esters">Haus Lange and Haus Esters</a> (1928–1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Tugendhat" title="Villa Tugendhat">Villa Tugendhat</a> (1928–1930) (with <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lilly Reich</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemke_House" title="Lemke House">Lemke House</a> (1933)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Barcelona_(4728498040).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="German Pavilion in Barcelona"><img alt="German Pavilion in Barcelona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Barcelona_%284728498040%29.jpg/100px-Barcelona_%284728498040%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Barcelona_%284728498040%29.jpg/150px-Barcelona_%284728498040%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Barcelona_%284728498040%29.jpg/200px-Barcelona_%284728498040%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2519" data-file-height="1680" /></a><figcaption>German Pavilion in Barcelona</figcaption></figure><br /><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tugendhat_living_room.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Interior of Villa Tugendhat in Brno"><img alt="Interior of Villa Tugendhat in Brno" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Tugendhat_living_room.jpg/100px-Tugendhat_living_room.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Tugendhat_living_room.jpg/150px-Tugendhat_living_room.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Tugendhat_living_room.jpg/200px-Tugendhat_living_room.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Interior of Villa Tugendhat in Brno</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States<br />(1939–1959)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Promontory_Apartments" title="Promontory Apartments">Promontory Apartments</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farnsworth_House" title="Farnsworth House">Farnsworth House</a> (1945–1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carr_Memorial_Chapel" title="Carr Memorial Chapel">Carr Memorial Chapel</a> (1949–1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/860%E2%80%93880_Lake_Shore_Drive_Apartments" title="860–880 Lake Shore Drive Apartments">Lake Shore Drive Apartments</a> (1949–1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._R._Crown_Hall" title="S. R. Crown Hall">Crown Hall</a> (1950–1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/900-910_North_Lake_Shore" class="mw-redirect" title="900-910 North Lake Shore">900-910 North Lake Shore</a> (completion, 1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Pavilion_Apartments" title="Lafayette Pavilion Apartments">Lafayette Pavilion Apartments</a> (1955–1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seagram_Building" title="Seagram Building">Seagram Building</a> (1955–1958) (with <a href="/wiki/Philip_Johnson" title="Philip Johnson">Philip Johnson</a>)</li> <li>Cullinan Hall and the Brown Pavilion, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Houston" title="Museum of Fine Arts, Houston">Museum of Fine Arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a> (1958; 1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Park,_Detroit" title="Lafayette Park, Detroit">Lafayette Park</a> (co-authorship) (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavilion_and_Colonnade_Apartments" title="Pavilion and Colonnade Apartments">Pavilion and Colonnade Apartments</a> (1958–1960)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Worldwide<br />(1960–1969)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Mies_Van_Der_Rohe_and_Felix_Candela%27s_Industrial_Buildings" title="Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe and Felix Candela's Industrial Buildings">Bacardi Office Building</a> (Mexico) (1958–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Charles_Center" title="One Charles Center">One Charles Center</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everett_McKinley_Dirksen_United_States_Courthouse" title="Everett McKinley Dirksen United States Courthouse">Dirksen Federal Building</a> (1960–1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highfield_House_Condominium" title="Highfield House Condominium">Highfield House Condominium</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Towers_Apartments_East" title="Lafayette Towers Apartments East">Lafayette Towers Apartments East</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Towers_Apartments_West" title="Lafayette Towers Apartments West">Lafayette Towers Apartments West</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westmount_Square" title="Westmount Square">Westmount Square</a> (Canada) (1964–1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_Nationalgalerie" title="Neue Nationalgalerie">New National Gallery</a> (Germany) (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_King_Mellon_Hall" title="Richard King Mellon Hall">Richard King Mellon Hall</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto-Dominion_Centre" title="Toronto-Dominion Centre">Toronto-Dominion Centre</a> (1964–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuns%27_Island_gas_station" title="Nuns' Island gas station">Nuns' Island gas station</a> (Canada) (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Memorial_Library" title="Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library">Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/330_North_Wabash" title="330 North Wabash">IBM Plaza</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kluczynski_Federal_Building" title="Kluczynski Federal Building">Kluczynski Federal Building</a> (1960–1974)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Furniture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weissenhof_chair" title="Weissenhof chair">Weissenhof chair</a> (1927) (with <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lilly Reich</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona_chair" title="Barcelona chair">Barcelona chair</a> (1929) (with <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lilly Reich</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brno_chair" title="Brno chair">Brno chair</a> (1929–1930) (with <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lilly Reich</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tugendhat_chair" title="Tugendhat chair">Tugendhat chair</a> (1929–1930) (with <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lilly Reich</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Quotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_devil_is_in_the_details" title="The devil is in the details">God is in the detail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe" title="Ludwig Mies van der Rohe">Less is more</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Gropius" title="Walter Gropius">Walter Gropius</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lilly Reich</a> (collaborator)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Sir_David_Webster" title="Portrait of Sir David Webster">Portrait of Sir David Webster</a></i> (1971 painting)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td 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aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q64648#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q64648#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q64648#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122789143">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/42634917">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/243856/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwCWPMpT6bmCvTpMHvWDq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118837818">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88167231">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15862012z">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15862012z">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Reich, Lilly"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/VEAV039776">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jx20080604005&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p073602329">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9811796745805606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007431532705171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058510960106706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA0828989X?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500248275">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/254195">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/artists/8059">Museum of Modern Art</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118837818.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118837818">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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