CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Gamete - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"7c794340-d3d6-4ea2-a8f4-3bfca37c7715","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Gamete","wgTitle":"Gamete","wgCurRevisionId":1258425253,"wgRevisionId":1258425253,"wgArticleId":12295,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from May 2024","Articles with permanently dead external links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from November 2015","Classical genetics","Germ cells","Reproductive system"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Gamete","wgRelevantArticleId":12295,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q211050","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics": true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap", "ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Mice_X_Y_chromosomes.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="659"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Mice_X_Y_chromosomes.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="439"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="351"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Gamete - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamete"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Gamete&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamete"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Gamete rootpage-Gamete skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Gamete" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Gamete" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Gamete" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Gamete" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Evolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Evolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Differences_between_gametes_and_somatic_cells" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Differences_between_gametes_and_somatic_cells"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Differences between gametes and somatic cells</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Differences_between_gametes_and_somatic_cells-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artificial_gametes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artificial_gametes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Artificial gametes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artificial_gametes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Plants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes and references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gamete</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 74 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-74" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">74 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gameet" title="Gameet – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gameet" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamet" title="Gamet – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Gamet" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA_(%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1)" title="جاميت (أحياء) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جاميت (أحياء)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qamet" title="Qamet – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qamet" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7" title="জননকোষ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জননকোষ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Гамета – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Гамета" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Гамета – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гамета" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Гамэта – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гамэта" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Гамета – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гамета" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamet" title="Gamet – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Gamet" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A0meta" title="Gàmeta – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gàmeta" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohlavn%C3%AD_bu%C5%88ka" title="Pohlavní buňka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pohlavní buňka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B8nscelle" title="Kønscelle – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kønscelle" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamet" title="Gamet – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gamet" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gameet" title="Gameet – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gameet" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AD%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Γαμέτης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γαμέτης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gameto" title="Gameto – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gameto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gameto" title="Gameto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gameto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gameto" title="Gameto – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gameto" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA" title="گامت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گامت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gam%C3%A8te" title="Gamète – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gamète" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaim%C3%A9it" title="Gaiméit – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gaiméit" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gameto" title="Gameto – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gameto" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EC%8B%9D%EC%9E%90" title="생식자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="생식자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%BF" title="Գամետ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գամետ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gameta" title="Gameta – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gameta" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gameto" title="Gameto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gameto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_gamet" title="Sel gamet – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sel gamet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kynfruma" title="Kynfruma – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kynfruma" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellula_gametica" title="Cellula gametica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cellula gametica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%90_%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="תא רבייה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תא רבייה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90" title="გამეტა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გამეტა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Гамета – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гамета" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gameti" title="Gameti – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Gameti" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gam%C3%A8t" title="Gamèt – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Gamèt" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Гамета – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Гамета" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellula_sexualis" title="Cellula sexualis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cellula sexualis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gameta" title="Gameta – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gameta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gameta" title="Gameta – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gameta" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gameta" title="Gameta – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Gameta" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivarsejt" title="Ivarsejt – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ivarsejt" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Гамета – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Гамета" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="ഗാമീറ്റ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗാമീറ്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="جاميت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جاميت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamet" title="Gamet – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gamet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A2%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%AA_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A8" title="ꯇꯥꯢꯕꯪ ꯃꯔꯨ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯇꯥꯢꯕꯪ ꯃꯔꯨ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gameet" title="Gameet – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gameet" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E5%81%B6%E5%AD%90" title="配偶子 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="配偶子" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kj%C3%B8nnsceller" title="Kjønnsceller – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kjønnsceller" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kj%C3%B8nnscelle" title="Kjønnscelle – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kjønnscelle" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gameta" title="Gameta – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gameta" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbiyyoo_saalaa_(gametes)" title="Lubbiyyoo saalaa (gametes) – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Lubbiyyoo saalaa (gametes)" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gameta" title="Gameta – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gameta" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A2meta" title="Gâmeta – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gâmeta" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamet" title="Gamet – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gamet" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Гамета – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гамета" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gameti" title="Gameti – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gameti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamete" title="Gamete – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gamete" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohlavn%C3%A1_bunka" title="Pohlavná bunka – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pohlavná bunka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8E%D8%AA" title="گامێت – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گامێت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Гамет – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гамет" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamet" title="Gamet – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gamet" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukusolu" title="Sukusolu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sukusolu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nscell" title="Könscell – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Könscell" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gameto" title="Gameto – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Gameto" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%81" title="பாலணு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பாலணு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%8C" title="เซลล์สืบพันธุ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เซลล์สืบพันธุ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кома – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Кома" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamet" title="Gamet – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gamet" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Гамета – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гамета" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giao_t%E1%BB%AD" title="Giao tử – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giao tử" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E5%AD%90" title="配子 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="配子" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E5%AD%90" title="配子 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="配子" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E5%AD%90" title="配子 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="配子" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q211050#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gamete" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Gamete" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gamete"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamete&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamete&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gamete"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamete&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamete&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Gamete" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Gamete" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamete&oldid=1258425253" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamete&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Gamete&id=1258425253&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGamete"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGamete"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Gamete&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamete&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q211050" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Haploid sex cell</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width:22.0em;white-space:wrap;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Sex" title="Category:Sex">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#ccccff; font-size:135%;font-weight:normal;color:black;"><b><a href="/wiki/Sex" title="Sex">Sex</a></b></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mice_X_Y_chromosomes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Mice_X_Y_chromosomes.jpg/200px-Mice_X_Y_chromosomes.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Mice_X_Y_chromosomes.jpg/300px-Mice_X_Y_chromosomes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Mice_X_Y_chromosomes.jpg/400px-Mice_X_Y_chromosomes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="285" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> Biological terms</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.15em 0.5em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_dimorphism" title="Sexual dimorphism">Sexual dimorphism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_differentiation" title="Sexual differentiation">Sexual differentiation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminization_(biology)" title="Feminization (biology)">Feminization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virilization" title="Virilization">Virilization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-determination_system" title="Sex-determination system">Sex-determination system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XY_sex-determination_system" title="XY sex-determination system">XY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XO_sex-determination_system" title="XO sex-determination system">XO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZW_sex-determination_system" title="ZW sex-determination system">ZW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZO_sex-determination_system" title="ZO sex-determination system">ZO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperature-dependent_sex_determination" title="Temperature-dependent sex determination">Temperature-dependent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haplodiploidy" title="Haplodiploidy">Haplodiploidy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterogametic_sex" class="mw-redirect" title="Heterogametic sex">Heterogametic sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterogametic_sex" class="mw-redirect" title="Heterogametic sex">Homogametic sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_chromosome" title="Sex chromosome">Sex chromosome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/X_chromosome" title="X chromosome">X chromosome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y_chromosome" title="Y chromosome">Y chromosome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_chromosome_anomalies" title="Sex chromosome anomalies">Sex chromosome anomalies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testis-determining_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Testis-determining factor">Testis-determining factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermaphrodite" title="Hermaphrodite">Hermaphrodite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sequential_hermaphroditism" title="Sequential hermaphroditism">Sequential hermaphroditism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simultaneous_hermaphroditism" title="Simultaneous hermaphroditism">Simultaneous hermaphroditism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_(biology)" title="Intersex (biology)">Intersex (biology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mating_type" title="Mating type">Mating type</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> <a href="/wiki/Sexual_reproduction" title="Sexual reproduction">Sexual reproduction</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.15em 0.5em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_sexual_reproduction" title="Evolution of sexual reproduction">Evolution of sexual reproduction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anisogamy" title="Anisogamy">Anisogamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isogamy" title="Isogamy">Isogamy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germ_cell" title="Germ cell">Germ cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meiosis" title="Meiosis">Meiosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gametogenesis" title="Gametogenesis">Gametogenesis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spermatogenesis" title="Spermatogenesis">Spermatogenesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oogenesis" title="Oogenesis">Oogenesis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gamete</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spermatozoon" title="Spermatozoon">spermatozoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_cell" title="Egg cell">ovum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fertilisation" title="Fertilisation">Fertilization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/External_fertilization" title="External fertilization">External fertilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_fertilization" title="Internal fertilization">Internal fertilization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_selection" title="Sexual selection">Sexual selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_reproduction" title="Plant reproduction">Plant reproduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mating_in_fungi" title="Mating in fungi">Fungal reproduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_reproduction_in_animals" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual reproduction in animals">Sexual reproduction in animals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_intercourse" title="Sexual intercourse">Sexual intercourse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penile-vaginal_intercourse" title="Penile-vaginal intercourse">Penile-vaginal intercourse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copulation_(zoology)" title="Copulation (zoology)">Copulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_reproduction" title="Human reproduction">Human reproduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lordosis_behavior" title="Lordosis behavior">Lordosis behavior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelvic_thrust" title="Pelvic thrust">Pelvic thrust</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> <a href="/wiki/Human_sexuality" title="Human sexuality">Sexuality</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.15em 0.5em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plant_reproductive_morphology" title="Plant reproductive morphology">Plant sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_sexual_behaviour" title="Animal sexual behaviour">Animal sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_sexuality" title="Human sexuality">Human sexuality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mechanics_of_human_sexuality" title="Mechanics of human sexuality">Mechanics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_differentiation_in_humans" title="Sexual differentiation in humans">Differentiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_activity" title="Human sexual activity">Activity</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> <a href="/wiki/Sexual_system" title="Sexual system">Sexual system</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.15em 0.5em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dioecy" title="Dioecy">Dioecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonochorism" title="Gonochorism">Gonochorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermaphrodite" title="Hermaphrodite">Hermaphrodite</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sex_sidebar" title="Template:Sex sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sex_sidebar" title="Template talk:Sex sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sex_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sex sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>gamete</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span>; from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a> <i> </i><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%AE#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:γαμετή">γαμετή</a></span><i> (<span title="Ancient Greek transliteration" lang="grc-Latn"><i>gametḗ</i></span>)</i> 'wife', ultimately from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a> <i> </i><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B3%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:γάμος">γάμος</a></span><i> (<span title="Ancient Greek transliteration" lang="grc-Latn"><i>gámos</i></span>)</i> 'marriage') is a <a href="/wiki/Ploidy#Haploid_and_monoploid" title="Ploidy">haploid cell</a> that fuses with another haploid cell during <a href="/wiki/Fertilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertilization">fertilization</a> in <a href="/wiki/Organism" title="Organism">organisms</a> that <a href="/wiki/Sexual_reproduction" title="Sexual reproduction">reproduce sexually</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_Britannica_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia_Britannica-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gametes are an organism's <b>reproductive cells</b>, also referred to as <b>sex cells</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-www.nature.com_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.nature.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name gamete was introduced by the German cytologist <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Strasburger" title="Eduard Strasburger">Eduard Strasburger</a> in 1878.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gametes of both mating individuals can be the same size and shape, a condition known as <a href="/wiki/Isogamy" title="Isogamy">isogamy</a>. By contrast, in the majority of species, the gametes are of different sizes, a condition known as <a href="/wiki/Anisogamy" title="Anisogamy">anisogamy</a> or <a href="/wiki/Heterogamy" title="Heterogamy">heterogamy</a> that applies to humans and other mammals. The human ovum has approximately 100,000 times the volume of a single human sperm cell. The type of gamete an organism produces determines its <a href="/wiki/Sex" title="Sex">sex</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and sets the basis for the sexual roles and <a href="/wiki/Sexual_selection" title="Sexual selection">sexual selection</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In humans and other species that produce two <a href="/wiki/Morphology_(biology)" title="Morphology (biology)">morphologically</a> distinct types of gametes, and in which <a href="/wiki/Gonochorism" title="Gonochorism">each individual produces only one type</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Female" title="Female">female</a> is any individual that produces the larger type of gamete called an <a href="/wiki/Ovum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovum">ovum</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Male" title="Male">male</a> produces the smaller type, called a <a href="/wiki/Sperm" title="Sperm">sperm</a> cell or spermatozoon. Sperm cells are small and motile due to the presence of a tail-shaped structure, the <a href="/wiki/Flagellum" title="Flagellum">flagellum</a>, that provides propulsion. In contrast, each egg cell or ovum is relatively large and non-motile.<sup id="cite_ref-www.nature.com_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.nature.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Oogenesis" title="Oogenesis">Oogenesis</a>, the process of female gamete formation in animals, involves <a href="/wiki/Meiosis" title="Meiosis">meiosis</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Genetic_recombination" title="Genetic recombination">meiotic recombination</a>) of a diploid primary <a href="/wiki/Oocyte" title="Oocyte">oocyte</a> to produce a haploid <a href="/wiki/Egg_cell" title="Egg cell">ovum</a>. <a href="/wiki/Spermatogenesis" title="Spermatogenesis">Spermatogenesis</a>, the process of male gamete formation in animals, involves meiosis in a diploid primary <a href="/wiki/Spermatocyte" title="Spermatocyte">spermatocyte</a> to produce haploid <a href="/wiki/Spermatozoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Spermatozoa">spermatozoa</a>. In animals, ova are produced in the ovaries of females and sperm develop in the testes of males. During fertilization, a spermatozoon and an ovum, each carrying half of the <a href="/wiki/Genetic_information" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic information">genetic information</a> of an individual, unite to form a <a href="/wiki/Zygote" title="Zygote">zygote</a> that develops into a new <a href="/wiki/Diploid" class="mw-redirect" title="Diploid">diploid</a> organism.<sup id="cite_ref-www.nature.com_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.nature.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution">Evolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamete&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Evolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_sexual_reproduction" title="Evolution of sexual reproduction">Evolution of sexual reproduction</a></div> <p>It is generally accepted that <a href="/wiki/Isogamy" title="Isogamy">isogamy</a> is the ancestral state from which <a href="/wiki/Anisogamy" title="Anisogamy">anisogamy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oogamy" title="Oogamy">oogamy</a> evolved, although its evolution has left no fossil records.<sup id="cite_ref-Pitnick-2008_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pitnick-2008-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are almost invariably only two gamete types, all analyses showing that intermediate gamete sizes are eliminated due to selection.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lehtonen_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lehtonen-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since intermediate sized gametes do not have the same advantages as small or large ones,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they do worse than small ones in mobility and numbers, and worse than large ones in supply.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Differences_between_gametes_and_somatic_cells">Differences between gametes and somatic cells</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamete&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Differences between gametes and somatic cells"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In contrast to a gamete, which has only one set of chromosomes, a diploid <a href="/wiki/Somatic_cell" title="Somatic cell">somatic cell</a> has two sets of <a href="/wiki/Homologous_chromosome" title="Homologous chromosome">homologous chromosomes</a>, one of which is a copy of the <a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">chromosome</a> set from the sperm and one a copy of the chromosome set from the egg cell. <a href="/wiki/Genetic_recombination" title="Genetic recombination">Recombination of the genes</a> during meiosis ensures that the chromosomes of gametes are not exact duplicates of either of the sets of chromosomes carried in the parental diploid chromosomes but a mixture of the two.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sperm-egg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Sperm-egg.jpg/263px-Sperm-egg.jpg" decoding="async" width="263" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Sperm-egg.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="265" /></a><figcaption>A human spermatozoon fusing with a human ovum. The spermatozoon is approximately 100,000 times smaller in size than the human ovum.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Artificial_gametes">Artificial gametes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamete&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Artificial gametes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Artificial gametes, also known as in vitro derived gametes (IVD), stem cell-derived gametes (SCDGs), and in vitro generated gametes (IVG), are gametes derived from <a href="/wiki/Stem_cell" title="Stem cell">stem cells</a>. The use of such artificial gametes would "necessarily require <a href="/wiki/In_vitro_fertilisation" title="In vitro fertilisation">IVF</a> techniques".<sup id="cite_ref-med_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-med-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Research shows that artificial gametes may be a reproductive technique for same-sex male couples, although a <a href="/wiki/Surrogate_mother" class="mw-redirect" title="Surrogate mother">surrogate mother</a> would still be required for the gestation period.<sup id="cite_ref-med_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-med-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Women who have passed <a href="/wiki/Menopause" title="Menopause">menopause</a> may be able to produce eggs and bear genetically related children with artificial gametes.<sup id="cite_ref-med_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-med-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Robert Sparrow wrote, in the <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Medical_Ethics" title="Journal of Medical Ethics">Journal of Medical Ethics</a>, that embryos derived from artificial gametes could be used to derive new gametes and this process could be repeated to create multiple human generations in the laboratory.<sup id="cite_ref-sparrow_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sparrow-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This technique could be used to create <a href="/wiki/Cell_culture" title="Cell culture">cell lines</a> for medical applications and for studying the heredity of <a href="/wiki/Genetic_disorder" title="Genetic disorder">genetic disorders</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sparrow_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sparrow-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, this technique could be used for <a href="/wiki/Human_enhancement" title="Human enhancement">human enhancement</a> by <a href="/wiki/Selective_breeding" title="Selective breeding">selectively breeding</a> for a desired genome or by using <a href="/wiki/Recombinant_DNA" title="Recombinant DNA">recombinant DNA</a> technology to create enhancements that have not arisen in nature.<sup id="cite_ref-sparrow_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sparrow-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plants">Plants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamete&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Plants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Plants" class="mw-redirect" title="Plants">Plants</a> that reproduce sexually also produce gametes. However, since plants have a life cycle involving <a href="/wiki/Alternation_of_generations" title="Alternation of generations">alternation of diploid and haploid generations</a> some differences from animal life cycles exist. Plants use <a href="/wiki/Meiosis" title="Meiosis">meiosis</a> to produce spores that develop into <a href="/wiki/Multicellular_organism" title="Multicellular organism">multicellular</a> haploid <a href="/wiki/Gametophyte" title="Gametophyte">gametophytes</a> which produce gametes by mitosis. In animals there is no corresponding multicellular haploid phase. The sperm of plants that reproduce using spores are formed by mitosis in an organ of the gametophyte known as the <a href="/wiki/Antheridium" title="Antheridium">antheridium</a> and the egg cells by mitosis in a flask-shaped organ called the <a href="/wiki/Archegonium" title="Archegonium">archegonium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sporne2022_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sporne2022-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plant sperm cells are their only motile cells, often described as flagellate, but more correctly as ciliate.<sup id="cite_ref-Wolniak2000_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wolniak2000-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bryophytes have 2 flagella, horsetails have up to 200 and the mature spermatozoa of the <a href="/wiki/Cycad" title="Cycad">cycad</a> <i>Zamia pumila</i> has up to 50,000 flagella.<sup id="cite_ref-Norstog1986_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norstog1986-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cycads and <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> are the only gymnosperms with motile sperm.<sup id="cite_ref-Wolniak2000_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wolniak2000-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plants</a>, the female gametophyte is produced inside the <a href="/wiki/Ovule" title="Ovule">ovule</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Ovary_(botany)" title="Ovary (botany)">ovary</a> of the flower. When mature, the haploid gametophyte produces female gametes which are ready for fertilization. The male gametophyte is produced inside a <a href="/wiki/Pollen" title="Pollen">pollen</a> grain within the <a href="/wiki/Anther" class="mw-redirect" title="Anther">anther</a> and is non-motile, but can be distributed by wind, water or animal vectors. When a pollen grain lands on a mature <a href="/wiki/Stigma_(botany)" title="Stigma (botany)">stigma</a> of a flower it germinates to form a <a href="/wiki/Pollen_tube" title="Pollen tube">pollen tube</a> that grows down the style into the ovary of the flower and then into the ovule. The pollen then produces non-motile sperm nuclei by mitosis that are transported down the pollen tube to the ovule where they are released for fertilization of the egg cell. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamete&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coenogamete" title="Coenogamete">Coenogamete</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamete&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopedia_Britannica-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_Britannica_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/gamete">"gamete | Definition, Formation, Examples, & Facts"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=gamete+%7C+Definition%2C+Formation%2C+Examples%2C+%26+Facts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2Fgamete&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-www.nature.com-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-www.nature.com_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-www.nature.com_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-www.nature.com_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/scitable/definition/gamete-gametes-311/">"gamete / gametes | Learn Science at Scitable"</a>. <i>www.nature.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nature.com&rft.atitle=gamete+%2F+gametes+%7C+Learn+Science+at+Scitable&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fscitable%2Fdefinition%2Fgamete-gametes-311%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/gamete">"gamete | Etymology of gamete by etymonline"</a>. <i>www.etymonline.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.etymonline.com&rft.atitle=gamete+%7C+Etymology+of+gamete+by+etymonline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Fgamete&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCotnerWassenberg" class="citation cs2">Cotner S, Wassenberg D, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://open.lib.umn.edu/evolutionbiology/chapter/7-4-sex-its-about-the-gametes-2/">"8.4 Sex: It's About the Gametes"</a>, <i>The Evolution and Biology of Sex</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Evolution+and+Biology+of+Sex&rft.atitle=8.4+Sex%3A+It%27s+About+the+Gametes&rft.aulast=Cotner&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Wassenberg%2C+D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopen.lib.umn.edu%2Fevolutionbiology%2Fchapter%2F7-4-sex-its-about-the-gametes-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFuscoMinelli2019" class="citation book cs1">Fusco G, Minelli A (10 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AKGsDwAAQBAJ&q=the+biology+of+reproduction+define+male"><i>The Biology of Reproduction</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 111–112. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-49985-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-49985-9"><bdi>978-1-108-49985-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Biology+of+Reproduction&rft.pages=111-112&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2019-10-10&rft.isbn=978-1-108-49985-9&rft.aulast=Fusco&rft.aufirst=G&rft.au=Minelli%2C+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAKGsDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dthe%2Bbiology%2Bof%2Breproduction%2Bdefine%2Bmale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pitnick-2008-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pitnick-2008_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPitnickHoskenBirkhead2008" class="citation book cs1">Pitnick SS, Hosken DJ, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Birkhead" title="Tim Birkhead">Birkhead TR</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kctYNbO1fE0C&q=isogamy+in+multicellular+organisms&pg=PA44"><i>Sperm Biology: An Evolutionary Perspective</i></a>. Academic Press. pp. 43–44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-08-091987-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-08-091987-4"><bdi>978-0-08-091987-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sperm+Biology%3A+An+Evolutionary+Perspective&rft.pages=43-44&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-08-091987-4&rft.aulast=Pitnick&rft.aufirst=SS&rft.au=Hosken%2C+DJ&rft.au=Birkhead%2C+TR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkctYNbO1fE0C%26q%3Disogamy%2Bin%2Bmulticellular%2Borganisms%26pg%3DPA44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAwasthi" class="citation book cs1">Awasthi AK. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r0h1DwAAQBAJ&q=isogamy+generally+accepted&pg=PA363"><i>Textbook of Algae</i></a>. Vikas Publishing House. p. 363. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-259-9022-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-259-9022-7"><bdi>978-93-259-9022-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Textbook+of+Algae&rft.pages=363&rft.pub=Vikas+Publishing+House&rft.isbn=978-93-259-9022-7&rft.aulast=Awasthi&rft.aufirst=AK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr0h1DwAAQBAJ%26q%3Disogamy%2Bgenerally%2Baccepted%26pg%3DPA363&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDusenbery2009" class="citation book cs1">Dusenbery DB (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QCrimQJu1RAC"><i>Living at Micro Scale: The Unexpected Physics of Being Small</i></a>. Harvard University Press. p. 309. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-03116-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-03116-6"><bdi>978-0-674-03116-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Living+at+Micro+Scale%3A+The+Unexpected+Physics+of+Being+Small&rft.pages=309&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-674-03116-6&rft.aulast=Dusenbery&rft.aufirst=DB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQCrimQJu1RAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamete" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStearns2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_C._Stearns" title="Stephen C. Stearns">Stearns SC</a> (21 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1cQACAAAQBAJ"><i>The Evolution of Sex and its Consequences</i></a>. Birkhäuser. pp. 21, 81–82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-0348-6273-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-0348-6273-8"><bdi>978-3-0348-6273-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Evolution+of+Sex+and+its+Consequences&rft.pages=21%2C+81-82&rft.pub=Birkh%C3%A4user&rft.date=2013-11-21&rft.isbn=978-3-0348-6273-8&rft.aulast=Stearns&rft.aufirst=SC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1cQACAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lehtonen-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lehtonen_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLehtonenParker2014" class="citation journal cs1">Lehtonen J, <a href="/wiki/Geoff_Parker" title="Geoff Parker">Parker GA</a> (December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmolehr%2Fgau068">"Gamete competition, gamete limitation, and the evolution of the two sexes"</a>. <i>Molecular Human Reproduction</i>. <b>20</b> (12): 1161–1168. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmolehr%2Fgau068">10.1093/molehr/gau068</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25323972">25323972</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Human+Reproduction&rft.atitle=Gamete+competition%2C+gamete+limitation%2C+and+the+evolution+of+the+two+sexes&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=1161-1168&rft.date=2014-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fmolehr%2Fgau068&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25323972&rft.aulast=Lehtonen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Parker%2C+GA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fmolehr%252Fgau068&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2013" class="citation book cs1">Campbell A (16 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2FJoAgAAQBAJ&q=intermediate+gamete&pg=PA45"><i>A Mind Of Her Own: The evolutionary psychology of women</i></a>. OUP Oxford. p. 45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-164701-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-164701-7"><bdi>978-0-19-164701-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Mind+Of+Her+Own%3A+The+evolutionary+psychology+of+women&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2013-05-16&rft.isbn=978-0-19-164701-7&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2FJoAgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dintermediate%2Bgamete%26pg%3DPA45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBachtrogMankPeichelKirkpatrick2014" class="citation journal cs1">Bachtrog D, <a href="/wiki/Judith_Mank" title="Judith Mank">Mank JE</a>, Peichel CL, Kirkpatrick M, Otto SP, Ashman TL, et al. (July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4077654">"Sex determination: why so many ways of doing it?"</a>. <i>PLOS Biology</i>. <b>12</b> (7): e1001899. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1001899">10.1371/journal.pbio.1001899</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4077654">4077654</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24983465">24983465</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:3741933">3741933</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+Biology&rft.atitle=Sex+determination%3A+why+so+many+ways+of+doing+it%3F&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=e1001899&rft.date=2014-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4077654%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A3741933%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24983465&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1001899&rft.aulast=Bachtrog&rft.aufirst=D&rft.au=Mank%2C+JE&rft.au=Peichel%2C+CL&rft.au=Kirkpatrick%2C+M&rft.au=Otto%2C+SP&rft.au=Ashman%2C+TL&rft.au=Hahn%2C+MW&rft.au=Kitano%2C+J&rft.au=Mayrose%2C+I&rft.au=Ming%2C+R&rft.au=Perrin%2C+N&rft.au=Ross%2C+L&rft.au=Valenzuela%2C+N&rft.au=Vamosi%2C+JC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4077654&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/mitosis-meiosis-and-inheritance-476/">"Mitosis, Meiosis, and Inheritance | Learn Science at Scitable"</a>. <i>www.nature.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nature.com&rft.atitle=Mitosis%2C+Meiosis%2C+and+Inheritance+%7C+Learn+Science+at+Scitable&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fscitable%2Ftopicpage%2Fmitosis-meiosis-and-inheritance-476%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamete" class="Z3988"></span> Consequently, the cells of the offspring have genes potentially capable of expressing some of the characteristics of both the father and the mother, subject to whether they are <a href="/wiki/Dominance_(genetics)" title="Dominance (genetics)">dominant or recessive</a>. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-med-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-med_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-med_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-med_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewsonSmajdor2005" class="citation journal cs1">Newson AJ, Smajdor AC (March 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1734101">"Artificial gametes: new paths to parenthood?"</a>. <i>Journal of Medical Ethics</i>. <b>31</b> (3): 184–186. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fjme.2003.004986">10.1136/jme.2003.004986</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1734101">1734101</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15738444">15738444</a>. <q>Pregnancies brought about by means of artificial gametes would necessarily require <a href="/wiki/In_vitro_fertilisation" title="In vitro fertilisation">IVF</a> techniques</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Ethics&rft.atitle=Artificial+gametes%3A+new+paths+to+parenthood%3F&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=184-186&rft.date=2005-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1734101%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15738444&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fjme.2003.004986&rft.aulast=Newson&rft.aufirst=AJ&rft.au=Smajdor%2C+AC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1734101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sparrow-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sparrow_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sparrow_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sparrow_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSparrow2014" class="citation journal cs1">Sparrow R (November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://research.monash.edu/en/publications/72686ba6-5d7d-49ca-88a8-0fa8e1b83960">"In vitro eugenics"</a>. <i>Journal of Medical Ethics</i>. <b>40</b> (11): 725–731. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fmedethics-2012-101200">10.1136/medethics-2012-101200</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23557913">23557913</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:959092">959092</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Ethics&rft.atitle=In+vitro+eugenics&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=725-731&rft.date=2014-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A959092%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23557913&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fmedethics-2012-101200&rft.aulast=Sparrow&rft.aufirst=R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresearch.monash.edu%2Fen%2Fpublications%2F72686ba6-5d7d-49ca-88a8-0fa8e1b83960&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sporne2022-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sporne2022_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSporne2022" class="citation book cs1">Sporne KR (2022). <i>The morphology of Pteridophytes; the structure of ferns and allied plants</i>. Legare Street Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1015505667" title="Special:BookSources/978-1015505667"><bdi>978-1015505667</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+morphology+of+Pteridophytes%3B+the+structure+of+ferns+and+allied+plants&rft.pub=Legare+Street+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1015505667&rft.aulast=Sporne&rft.aufirst=KR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wolniak2000-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wolniak2000_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wolniak2000_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolniakKlinkHartTsai2000" class="citation journal cs1">Wolniak SM, Klink VP, Hart PE, Tsai CW (June 2000). "Control of development and motility in the spermatozoids of lower plants". <i>Gravitational and Space Biology Bulletin</i>. <b>13</b> (2): 85–93. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11543285">11543285</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gravitational+and+Space+Biology+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Control+of+development+and+motility+in+the+spermatozoids+of+lower+plants&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=85-93&rft.date=2000-06&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11543285&rft.aulast=Wolniak&rft.aufirst=SM&rft.au=Klink%2C+VP&rft.au=Hart%2C+PE&rft.au=Tsai%2C+CW&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Norstog1986-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Norstog1986_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorstog1986" class="citation journal cs1">Norstog KJ (1986). "The blepharoplast of <i>Zamia pumila</i> L.". <i>Botanical Gazette</i>. <b>147</b> (1): 40–46. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F337566">10.1086/337566</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:85257438">85257438</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Botanical+Gazette&rft.atitle=The+blepharoplast+of+Zamia+pumila+L.&rft.volume=147&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=40-46&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F337566&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A85257438%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Norstog&rft.aufirst=KJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamete" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Human_physiology_of_sexual_reproduction" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Human_reproductive_physiology" title="Template:Human reproductive physiology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Human_reproductive_physiology" title="Template talk:Human reproductive physiology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Human_reproductive_physiology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Human reproductive physiology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Human_physiology_of_sexual_reproduction" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Human_body" title="Human body">Human physiology</a> of <a href="/wiki/Human_reproduction" title="Human reproduction">sexual reproduction</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Menstrual_cycle" title="Menstrual cycle">Menstrual cycle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Menarche" title="Menarche">Menarche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menstruation" title="Menstruation">Menstruation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Follicular_phase" title="Follicular phase">Follicular phase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovulation" title="Ovulation">Ovulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luteal_phase" title="Luteal phase">Luteal phase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gametogenesis" title="Gametogenesis">Gametogenesis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spermatogenesis" title="Spermatogenesis">Spermatogenesis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spermatogonium" title="Spermatogonium">spermatogonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spermatocyte" title="Spermatocyte">spermatocyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spermatid" title="Spermatid">spermatid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sperm" title="Sperm">sperm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oogenesis" title="Oogenesis">Oogenesis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oogonium" title="Oogonium">oogonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oocyte" title="Oocyte">oocyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immature_ovum" title="Immature ovum">ootid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_cell" title="Egg cell">ovum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germ_cell" title="Germ cell">Germ cell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gonocyte" title="Gonocyte">gonocyte</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">gamete</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_activity" title="Human sexual activity">Human sexual activity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_arousal" title="Sexual arousal">Sexual arousal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_intercourse" title="Sexual intercourse">Sexual intercourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masturbation" title="Masturbation">Masturbation</a></li> <li>Erection <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erection" title="Erection">Penile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clitoral_erection" title="Clitoral erection">Clitoral</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgasm" title="Orgasm">Orgasm</a></li> <li>Ejaculation <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ejaculation" title="Ejaculation">Male</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_ejaculation" title="Female ejaculation">Female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insemination" title="Insemination">Insemination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_fertilization" title="Human fertilization">Fertilization</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fertility" title="Fertility">Fertility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Implantation_(embryology)" title="Implantation (embryology)">Implantation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy" title="Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postpartum_period" title="Postpartum period">Postpartum period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanics_of_human_sexuality" title="Mechanics of human sexuality">Mechanics of sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaginal_lubrication" title="Vaginal lubrication">Vaginal lubrication</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_reproductive_system" title="Development of the reproductive system">Development of the<br /> reproductive system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_differentiation_in_humans" title="Sexual differentiation in humans">Sexual differentiation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_dimorphism" title="Sexual dimorphism">Sexual dimorphism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminization_(biology)" title="Feminization (biology)">Feminization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virilization" title="Virilization">Virilization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puberty" title="Puberty">Puberty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gonadarche" title="Gonadarche">Gonadarche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanner_scale" title="Tanner scale">Tanner scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pubarche" title="Pubarche">Pubarche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menarche" title="Menarche">Menarche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spermarche" title="Spermarche">Spermarche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrenarche" title="Adrenarche">Adrenarche</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_maternal_age" title="Advanced maternal age">Maternal age</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paternal_age_effect" title="Paternal age effect">Paternal age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menopause" title="Menopause">Menopause</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Egg" title="Egg">Egg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egg_cell" title="Egg cell">Ovum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viviparity" title="Viviparity">Vivipary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_endocrinology_and_infertility" title="Reproductive endocrinology and infertility">Reproductive endocrinology<br />and infertility</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypothalamic%E2%80%93pituitary%E2%80%93gonadal_axis" title="Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis">Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypothalamic%E2%80%93pituitary%E2%80%93prolactin_axis" title="Hypothalamic–pituitary–prolactin axis">Hypothalamic–pituitary–prolactin axis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrology" title="Andrology">Andrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hormone" title="Hormone">Hormone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Breast" title="Breast">Breast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thelarche" title="Thelarche">Thelarche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breast_development" title="Breast development">Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lactation" title="Lactation">Lactation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breastfeeding" title="Breastfeeding">Breastfeeding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_reproductive_system" title="Human reproductive system">Human reproductive system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Male_reproductive_system" title="Male reproductive system">Male</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_reproductive_system" title="Female reproductive system">Female</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diseases and disorders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anorgasmia" title="Anorgasmia">Anorgasmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysorgasmia" title="Dysorgasmia">Dysorgasmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyspareunia" title="Dyspareunia">Dyspareunia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erectile_dysfunction" title="Erectile dysfunction">Erectile dysfunction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_flaccid_syndrome" title="Hard flaccid syndrome">Hard flaccid syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premature_ejaculation" title="Premature ejaculation">Premature ejaculation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaginismus" title="Vaginismus">Vaginismus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211050#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4157017-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Gametes"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85052973">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Gamètes"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123072575">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Gamètes"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123072575">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="pohlavní buňky"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph423156&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007557919805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gamete&oldid=1258425253">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gamete&oldid=1258425253</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Classical_genetics" title="Category:Classical genetics">Classical genetics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Germ_cells" title="Category:Germ cells">Germ cells</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Reproductive_system" title="Category:Reproductive system">Reproductive system</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_May_2024" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from May 2024">Articles with dead external links from May 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_November_2015" title="Category:Use dmy dates from November 2015">Use dmy dates from November 2015</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 19 November 2024, at 17:29<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gamete&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-6fgbm","wgBackendResponseTime":214,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.581","walltime":"0.747","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2334,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":71275,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3222,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":90927,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 665.660 1 -total"," 29.55% 196.680 1 Template:Reflist"," 22.23% 147.995 2 Template:Etymology"," 15.39% 102.422 2 Template:Wikt-lang"," 13.57% 90.331 1 Template:Sex_(biology)_sidebar"," 13.09% 87.114 4 Template:Cite_web"," 13.05% 86.887 1 Template:Sidebar"," 11.31% 75.288 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.62% 44.092 1 Template:Authority_control"," 6.58% 43.796 2 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.404","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":18764950,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-7n487","timestamp":"20241122140419","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Gamete","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gamete","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q211050","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q211050","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-06-12T18:44:09Z","dateModified":"2024-11-19T17:29:59Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/aa\/Mice_X_Y_chromosomes.jpg","headline":"cell that fuses during fertilisation, such as a sperm or egg cell"}</script> </body> </html>