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title="Wikipedia (tl)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//tl.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batas"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.tl"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Atom feed ng Wikipedia" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Mga_huling_binago&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Batas rootpage-Batas skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Pumunta sa nilalaman</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pangunahing pagpipilian" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pangunahing pagpipilian</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pangunahing pagpipilian</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">itago</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Maglibot </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" title="Puntahan ang unang pahina [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Unang pahina</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tingnan_ang_buod" title="Mga gabay sa pagbabasa ng laktaw-laktaw sa Wikipedia"><span>Mga nilalaman</span></a></li><li id="n-Napiling-nilalaman" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mga_napiling_artikulo"><span>Napiling nilalaman</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Alin_man" title="Magpalabas ng kahit-anong artikulo [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Alinmang artikulo</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Patungkol"><span>Patungkol sa Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kasalukuyang_pangyayari" title="Hanapin ang mga impormasyon tungkol sa mga kamakailang kaganapan"><span>Mga kaganapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Pakikihalubilo" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Pakikihalubilo" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pakikihalubilo </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Puntahan_ng_pamayanan" title="Tungkol sa proyekto, ano ang maari mong gawin, at kung saan maari maghanap ng mga bagay"><span>Pamayanan</span></a></li><li id="n-Kapihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kapihan"><span>Kapihan</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_huling_binago" title="Tala ng mga huling pagbabago sa wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Mga huling binago</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Makipag-ugnayan_sa_amin" title="Paano makokontak ang Wikipedia"><span>Makipag-ugnayan</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tulong" title="Ang lugar para maghanap ng tulong sa Wikipedia."><span>Tulong</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ang Malayang Ensiklopedya" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-tl.svg" width="119" height="13" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Maghanap" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Hanapin</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" aria-label="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Natatangi:Maghanap"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Hanapin</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itsura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itsura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itsura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl" class=""><span>Donasyon</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Batas" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito" class=""><span>Gumawa ng account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Batas" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Mag-login</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Marami pang pagpipilian" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mga pansariling kagamitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl"><span>Donasyon</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Mag-ambag</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Batas" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Gumawa ng account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Batas" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Mag-login</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mga pahina para sa naka-logout na mga patnugot o editor <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Maligayang_pagdating!" aria-label="Alamin pa ang tungkol sa pagpapatnugot"><span>alamin pa</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Usapan_ko" title="Usapang tungkol sa mga pagbabagong ginawa sa ip address na ito [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Usapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Mga nilalaman" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mga nilalaman</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">itago</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Simula</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Pilosopiya_ng_batas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pilosopiya_ng_batas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Pilosopiya ng batas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pilosopiya_ng_batas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_sistemang_legal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_sistemang_legal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mga sistemang legal</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mga_sistemang_legal-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Mga sistemang legal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mga_sistemang_legal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Batas_sibil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Batas_sibil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Batas sibil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Batas_sibil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Batas_pangkaraniwan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Batas_pangkaraniwan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Batas pangkaraniwan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Batas_pangkaraniwan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Batas_panrelihiyon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Batas_panrelihiyon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Batas panrelihiyon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Batas_panrelihiyon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hudaismo_at_Kristiyanismo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hudaismo_at_Kristiyanismo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Hudaismo at Kristiyanismo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hudaismo_at_Kristiyanismo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saklaw" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saklaw"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Saklaw</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Saklaw-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Saklaw</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Saklaw-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Batas_internasyonal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Batas_internasyonal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Batas internasyonal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Batas_internasyonal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Batas_pangkonstitusyon_at_administratibo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Batas_pangkonstitusyon_at_administratibo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Batas pangkonstitusyon at administratibo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Batas_pangkonstitusyon_at_administratibo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Batas_pangkrimen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Batas_pangkrimen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Batas pangkrimen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Batas_pangkrimen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Batas_pangkontrata" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Batas_pangkontrata"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Batas pangkontrata</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Batas_pangkontrata-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maling_akto_o_pagsuway_sa_batas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maling_akto_o_pagsuway_sa_batas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Maling akto o pagsuway sa batas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maling_akto_o_pagsuway_sa_batas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Batas_ng_pag-aaari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Batas_ng_pag-aaari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Batas ng pag-aaari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Batas_ng_pag-aaari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tingnan_din" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tingnan_din"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Tingnan din</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tingnan_din-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_pandanda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_pandanda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Mga pandanda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_pandanda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_sanggunian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_sanggunian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Mga sanggunian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_sanggunian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mga nilalaman" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Batas</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pumunta sa isang artikulo na nakasulat sa ibang wika. Mayroon ito sa 184 (na) wika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-184" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">184 (na) wika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reg" title="Reg – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Reg" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recht" title="Recht – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Recht" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%95%E1%8C%8D" title="ሕግ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሕግ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreito" title="Dreito – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Dreito" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="قانون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قانون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A9%DC%A2%DC%98%DC%A2%DC%90" title="ܩܢܘܢܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܩܢܘܢܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="قانون – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="قانون" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="قانون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قانون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derechu" title="Derechu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Derechu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCquq" title="Hüquq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hüquq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82" title="حوقوق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="حوقوق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D2%A1%D1%83%D2%A1" title="Хоҡуҡ – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Хоҡуҡ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recht" title="Recht – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Recht" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teis%C4%97" title="Teisė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Teisė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley" title="Ley – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ley" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Права – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Права" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Права – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Права" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A8t" title="Wèt – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Wèt" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Право – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Право" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8" title="कानून – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कानून" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A0r%C3%ACya" title="Sàrìya – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Sàrìya" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8" title="আইন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আইন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="ཁྲིམས། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཁྲིམས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwir_(lezenn)" title="Gwir (lezenn) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gwir (lezenn)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravo" title="Pravo – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pravo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhum" title="Uhum – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Uhum" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Хуули – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хуули" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dret" title="Dret – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dret" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%C3%A1k-l%C5%ADk" title="Huák-lŭk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Huák-lŭk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BE" title="Бакъо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Бакъо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamalaod" title="Pamalaod – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pamalaod" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lai" title="Lai – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Lai" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%97%E1%8E%A7%E1%8E%BF%E1%8F%A9%E1%8F%9B%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97" title="ᏗᎧᎿᏩᏛᏍᏗ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏗᎧᎿᏩᏛᏍᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="یاسا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="یاسا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drittu" title="Drittu – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Drittu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A1vo" title="Právo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Právo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B2%C4%95%C3%A7-%D0%B8%D1%80%C4%95%D0%BA" title="Тивĕç-ирĕк – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тивĕç-ирĕк" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyfraith" title="Cyfraith – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cyfraith" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jura" title="Jura – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jura" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recht" title="Recht – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Recht" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C4%B1quq" title="Hıquq – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Hıquq" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Δίκαιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δίκαιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law" title="Law – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Law" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juro" title="Juro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Juro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derecho" title="Derecho – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Derecho" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%95igus" title="Õigus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Õigus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuzenbide" title="Zuzenbide – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zuzenbide" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derechu" title="Derechu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Derechu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="قانون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قانون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laki" title="Laki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Laki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawa" title="Lawa – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Lawa" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droit" title="Droit – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Droit" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C3%AAt" title="Drêt – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Drêt" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocht" title="Rocht – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Rocht" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirit" title="Dirit – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Dirit" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rjocht" title="Rjocht – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Rjocht" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dl%C3%AD" title="Dlí – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Dlí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drw%C3%A8" title="Drwè – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Drwè" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagh" title="Lagh – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Lagh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dereito" title="Dereito – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dereito" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekoiterape" title="Tekoiterape – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tekoiterape" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leigh" title="Leigh – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Leigh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doka" title="Doka – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Doka" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fap-li%CC%8Dt" title="Fap-li̍t – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Fap-li̍t" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9F" title="דין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF" title="विधि – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विधि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanuun" title="Kanuun – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Kanuun" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravo" title="Pravo – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pravo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwa_(dwa)" title="Lwa (dwa) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lwa (dwa)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jog" title="Jog – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jog" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D6%84" title="Իրավունք – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իրավունք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%82%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D6%84" title="Իրաւունք – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Իրաւունք" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derecto" title="Derecto – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Derecto" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukum" title="Hukum – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hukum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jure" title="Jure – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Jure" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linteg" title="Linteg – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Linteg" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yurocienco" title="Yurocienco – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Yurocienco" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6gfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Lögfræði – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lögfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diritto" title="Diritto – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Diritto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95_(%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%A6)" title="法 (法学) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="法 (法学)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laa" title="Laa – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Laa" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/flalu" title="flalu – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="flalu" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukum" title="Ukum – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ukum" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="სამართალი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სამართალი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huq%C4%B1q" title="Huqıq – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Huqıq" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D2%B1%D2%9B%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Құқық – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Құқық" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B" title="ច្បាប់ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ច្បាប់" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%81" title="ಕಾನೂನು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಾನೂನು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%95" title="법 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="법" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Хакъ – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Хакъ" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dad" title="Dad – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Dad" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D3%A7%D0%B4" title="Инӧд – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Инӧд" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagha" title="Lagha – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Lagha" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Укук – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Укук" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ius" title="Ius – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirito" title="Dirito – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Dirito" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droit" title="Droit – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Droit" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lege" title="Lege – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Lege" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rech" title="Rech – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Rech" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diritto" title="Diritto – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Diritto" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A9bi-bos%C3%A9mbo" title="Zébi-bosémbo – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Zébi-bosémbo" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%9D%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D" title="ກົດໝາຍ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ກົດໝາຍ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teis%C4%97" title="Teisė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Teisė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tieslietas" title="Tieslietas – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tieslietas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8" title="कानून – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="कानून" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukum" title="Hukum – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Hukum" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lal%C3%A0na_(mitovy_fanoratra)" title="Lalàna (mitovy fanoratra) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Lalàna (mitovy fanoratra)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ture" title="Ture – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Ture" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukum" title="Hukum – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Hukum" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Право – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Право" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%82" title="നിയമം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നിയമം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D1%85_%D0%B7%D2%AF%D0%B9" title="Эрх зүй – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эрх зүй" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE" title="कायदा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कायदा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undang-undang" title="Undang-undang – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Undang-undang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dritt" title="Dritt – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Dritt" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreito" title="Dreito – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Dreito" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A5%E1%80%95%E1%80%92%E1%80%B1" title="ဥပဒေ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဥပဒေ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Права – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Права" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juristeree" title="Juristeree – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Juristeree" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recht" title="Recht – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Recht" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8" title="कानून – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कानून" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recht" title="Recht – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Recht" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lov_og_rett" title="Lov og rett – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lov og rett" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou%C3%A9" title="Loué – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Loué" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drech" title="Drech – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Drech" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Барад – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Барад" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%82%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A8" title="ਕਾਨੂੰਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਾਨੂੰਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derecho" title="Derecho – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Derecho" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prawo" title="Prawo – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prawo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lej" title="Lej – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lej" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="قنون – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="قنون" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direito" title="Direito – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Direito" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiqa" title="Chiqa – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chiqa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drept" title="Drept – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Drept" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Право – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Право" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Право – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Право" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D2%AF%D0%BD" title="Төрүн – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Төрүн" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deretu" title="Deretu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Deretu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liggi" title="Liggi – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Liggi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law" title="Law – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Law" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="قانون – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="قانون" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravo" title="Pravo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pravo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="නීතිය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="නීතිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law" title="Law – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Law" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objekt%C3%ADvne_pr%C3%A1vo" title="Objektívne právo – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Objektívne právo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravo" title="Pravo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pravo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tul%C4%81fono" title="Tulāfono – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Tulāfono" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutemo" title="Mutemo – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mutemo" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharci" title="Sharci – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Sharci" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligji" title="Ligji – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ligji" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Право – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Право" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukum" title="Hukum – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Hukum" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juridik" title="Juridik – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Juridik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheria" title="Sheria – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sheria" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/hulic" title="hulic – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="hulic" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="சட்டம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சட்டம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%82" title="చట్టం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చట్టం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D1%83%D2%9B%D1%83%D2%9B" title="Ҳуқуқ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳуқуқ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8E%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2" title="กฎหมาย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กฎหมาย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lo" title="Lo – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Lo" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukuk" title="Hukuk – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hukuk" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaya" title="Gaya – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Gaya" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawu" title="Nawu – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Nawu" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Хокук – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Хокук" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mmara" title="Mmara – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Mmara" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Право – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Право" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="قانون – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قانون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huquq" title="Huquq – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Huquq" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derito" title="Derito – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Derito" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu%E1%BA%ADt_ph%C3%A1p" title="Luật pháp – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Luật pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detik" title="Detik – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Detik" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balaud" title="Balaud – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Balaud" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" title="法律 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="法律" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umthetho" title="Umthetho – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Umthetho" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="სამართალი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სამართალი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A2%D7%A5" title="געזעץ – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="געזעץ" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92fin" title="Òfin – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Òfin" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faplwd" title="Faplwd – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Faplwd" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recht" title="Recht – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Recht" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" title="法律 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="法律" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" title="法律 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="法律" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoat-lu%CC%8Dt" title="Hoat-lu̍t – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hoat-lu̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" title="法律 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="法律" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umthetho" title="Umthetho – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umthetho" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7748#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Baguhin ang link sa ibang wika" class="wbc-editpage">baguhin ang mga link</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Batas" title="Tingnan ang nilalaman [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapan:Batas&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Usapan tungkol sa nilalaman nito (hindi pa naisusulat) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Usapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ibahin ang baryante o variant ng wika" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled 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href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&action=edit" title="Baguhin ang kodigong batayan ng pahinang ito [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Baguhin ang wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&action=history" title="Nakaraang pagbabago sa pahinang ito [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Tingnan ang kasaysayan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mga kagamitan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mga kagamitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mga kagamitan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">itago</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mga aksyon </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Batas"><span>Basahin</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&veaction=edit" title="Baguhin ito [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Baguhin</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&action=edit" title="Baguhin ang kodigong batayan ng pahinang ito [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Baguhin ang wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&action=history"><span>Tingnan ang kasaysayan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pangkalahatan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Ano_ang_nakakawing_dito/Batas" title="Talaan ng mga pahinang wiking nakaturo rito. [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Mga nakaturo rito</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Nakakawing_ng_kamakailang_pagbabago/Batas" rel="nofollow" title="Mga huling binago sa mga kaugnay na pahina mula sa pahinang ito [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Kaugnay na pagbabago</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=tl" title="Magkarga ng mga larawan o iba pang midya [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Mag-upload ng file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Natatanging_mga_pahina" title="Tala ng mga natatanging pahina [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Natatanging pahina</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&oldid=2132636" title="Ibigay ang palagiang kawing para sa kasalukuyang bersyon ng pahinang ito"><span>Permanenteng link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Impormasyon ng pahina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Sipiin&page=Batas&id=2132636&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Impormasyon sa pagsangguni sa pahinang ito"><span>Sumangguni</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBatas"><span>Kumuha ng pinaikling URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBatas"><span>I-download ang QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> I-print/I-export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Aklat&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Batas"><span>Lumikha ng isang aklat</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:DownloadAsPdf&page=Batas&action=show-download-screen"><span>I-download bilang PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&printable=yes" title="Ipakita ang bersyon ng pahinang itong madaling maililimbag [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Bersyong mapi-print</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sa iba pang proyekto </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Law" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" 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dir="ltr"><p>Ang <b>batas</b>, sa pinakamalawak na kahulugan nito, ay ang kumpol na mga alituntunin na inilikha at ipinatutupad ng isang institusyong pampamahalaan o panlipunan awtoridad upang panatilihin ang pagkakaayos ng mga gawain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobertson200690_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertson200690-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wala itong pangkalahatang tinatanggap o pinagkakasunduang kahulugan,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillis1926_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillis1926-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at karaniwang itinuturing bilang isang agham<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at isang sining ng hustisya<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen1992_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen1992-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger1953525_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger1953525-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sa kadahilanang ito. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pilosopiya_ng_batas">Pilosopiya ng batas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pilosopiya ng batas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Pilosopiya ng batas"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ang <a href="/wiki/Pilosopiya" title="Pilosopiya">pilosopiya</a> ng batas ay karaniwang kilala bilang hurisprudensiya. Tinatanong ng hurisprudensiyang normatibo kung "ano ang magiging batas?", habang tinatanong ng hurisprudensiyang analitiko kung "ano ang batas?" </p><p>Tinatawag din na palabatasan ang hurisprudensiya na ang teoriya, pilosopiya, kaisipan, o diwa ng mga batas.<sup id="cite_ref-Gaboy_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaboy-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang mga dalubhasa sa palabatasan ay umaasang makakamit ng mas malalim na pag-unawa sa kalikasan ng batas, ng pangangatuwirang legal, mga sistemang legal, at ng mga institusyong legal. Bukod sa hurisprudensiyang analitiko (palabatasang mapanuri) at hurisprudensiyang normatibo (palabatasang makapamantayan), ang isa pang aspeto ng palabatasan ang batas na likas. Ang makabagong palabatasan o modernong hurisprudensiya ay nagsimula noong ika-18 dantaon at nakatuon sa unang mga prinsipyo ng likas na batas, ng batas na sibil, at ng batas ng mga bansa (batas ng mga nasyon).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_sistemang_legal">Mga sistemang legal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga sistemang legal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Mga sistemang legal"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sa pangkalahatan, maaaring hatiin ang sistemang legal sa batas sibil at mga sistemang batas pangkaraniwan.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sinasabi ng mga makabagong iskolar na humina ang kahalagaan ng pagkakaibang ito sa paglipas ng panahon. Batas panrelihiyon ang ikatlong uri ng sistemang legal, batay sa mga kasulatan. Ang partikular na sistema ng isang bansa na namamayani ay kadalasang tinutukoy sa kasaysayan nito, mga koneksyon sa ibang bansa, o pagsunod sa pamantayang pandaigdigan. Ang mga pinagmulan na pinagtitibay ng mga palabatasan bilang awtorisadong may bisa ay binibigyang kahulugan ang katangian ng kahit anumang sistemang legal. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Legal_systems_of_the_world_(en).png"><img resource="/wiki/Talaksan:Map_of_the_Legal_systems_of_the_world_(en).png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Map_of_the_Legal_systems_of_the_world_%28en%29.png/550px-Map_of_the_Legal_systems_of_the_world_%28en%29.png" decoding="async" width="550" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Map_of_the_Legal_systems_of_the_world_%28en%29.png/825px-Map_of_the_Legal_systems_of_the_world_%28en%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Map_of_the_Legal_systems_of_the_world_%28en%29.png/1100px-Map_of_the_Legal_systems_of_the_world_%28en%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3564" data-file-height="1870" /></a><figcaption>Nakakodigong-kulay na mapa ng mga sistemang legal sa buong mund, na pinapakita ang mga sistemang legal na sibil, karaniwang batas, panrelihiyon, kustomaryo at halo-halo.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang mga sistemang karaniwang batas ay nasa kulay rosas, at ang batas sibil ay nakakulay bughaw/turkesa.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Batas_sibil">Batas sibil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Batas sibil" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Batas sibil"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Code_Civil_1804.png"><img resource="/wiki/Talaksan:Code_Civil_1804.png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Code_Civil_1804.png/220px-Code_Civil_1804.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Code_Civil_1804.png/330px-Code_Civil_1804.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Code_Civil_1804.png/440px-Code_Civil_1804.png 2x" data-file-width="636" data-file-height="762" /></a><figcaption>Unang pahina ng edisyong 1804 ng Kodigong Napaleoniko na opisyal na tinatawag na Kodigo Sibil ng Pranses</figcaption></figure> <p>Ang batas sibil ay ang sistemang legal na ginagamit sa karamihan ng bansa sa buong mundo sa ngayon. Sa batas sibil, ang mga pinagmumulan na kinikilala bilang awtoratibo ay, sa pangunahin, ang lehislasyon o pagbabatas—lalo na pasasakodigo sa mga konstitusyon o kautusan na pinasa ng pamahalaan—at kustumbre.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Batas_pangkaraniwan">Batas pangkaraniwan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Batas pangkaraniwan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Batas pangkaraniwan"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sa mga sistemang legal na batas pangkaraniwan, ang mga pasya ng mga korte ay tahasang kinikilala bilang "batas" na may pantay na pagtingin sa batas lehislatibo at mga regulasyong ehekutibo. Ang "doktrina ng pagkakasumundan" (o "<i>doctrine of precedent</i>"), o <i>stare decisis</i> (<a href="/wiki/Wikang_Latin" title="Wikang Latin">Latin</a> para sa "manindigan sa mga pasya") ay nangangahulugang na ang mga kapasyahan ng mga mas mataas na korte ay binububuklod ang mas mababang korte upang matiyak na maabot ng kaparehong kaso ang kaparehong resulta. means that decisions by higher courts bind lower courts to assure that similar cases reach similar results. Sa pagtutulad, sa batas sibil, tipikal na mas detalyado ang mga batas lehislatibo, at mas maikli at hindi gaanong detalyo ang mga pasyang hudisyal, dahil nagsusulat lamang ng tagahatol upang pasyahan ang iisang kaso, sa halip na magbigay ng kadahilanan na gagabay ng mga korte sa hinaharap. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Batas_panrelihiyon">Batas panrelihiyon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Batas panrelihiyon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Batas panrelihiyon"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tahasang nakabatay ang batas panrelihiyon sa mga tuntuning panrelihiyon. Halimbawa dito ang Halakha ng <a href="/wiki/Mga_Hudyo" title="Mga Hudyo">mga Hudyo</a> at Sharia ng <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">mga Islam</a>—na parehong naisasalin bilang ang "daang susundan". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hudaismo_at_Kristiyanismo">Hudaismo at Kristiyanismo</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Hudaismo at Kristiyanismo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Hudaismo at Kristiyanismo"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sa pananampalatayang katulad ng <a href="/wiki/Hudaismo" title="Hudaismo">Hudaismo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katolisismo" title="Katolisismo">Katolisismo</a> at <a href="/wiki/Kristiyanismo" title="Kristiyanismo">Kristiyanismo</a> – partikular na sa <a href="/wiki/Lumang_Tipan" title="Lumang Tipan">Lumang Tipan</a> ng <a href="/wiki/Bibliya" title="Bibliya">Bibliya</a> – tinatawag na <i>Batas</i> ang <a href="/wiki/Unang_limang_aklat_ng_Bibliya" class="mw-redirect" title="Unang limang aklat ng Bibliya">unang limang aklat ng Bibliya</a>, na kilala rin bilang <a href="/wiki/Tora" class="mw-redirect" title="Tora">Tora</a> (sa Hudaismo) at <a href="/wiki/Pentateuko" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentateuko">Pentateuko</a>. Naglalaman ang <a href="/wiki/Unang_limang_aklat" class="mw-redirect" title="Unang limang aklat">unang limang aklat</a> na mga ito ng lahat ng mga panuntunan o patakarang moral ng Diyos kung paano nararapat sambahin ng <a href="/wiki/Sinaunang_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinaunang Israel">Israel</a> ang Diyos, at kung paano rin sila dapat mamuhay bilang mga tao o mamamayan ng Diyos. Dahil sa pagiging likas na makasalanan ng lahat ng mga tao, hindi maaaring makagawa ng <a href="/wiki/Pangangatwiran" title="Pangangatwiran">pangangatwiran</a> ang <i>Banal na Batas</i> na ito ng Diyos, subalit naging tama at naaangkop si <a href="/wiki/Hesus" title="Hesus">Hesus</a> sa harapan ng Diyos bilang isang <a href="/wiki/Kordero_ng_Diyos" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Kordero ng Diyos">handog</a> para sa mga tao ng Diyos. Tumutukoy din ang batas sa lahat ng praktikal na mga alituntuning nais ng Diyos na sundin ng tao, mga instruksiyon na tumutulong sa taong maipakita ang kanilang pagmamahal sa Diyos, at nagsasabing kung paano sila makapapamuhay ng mapayapa sa piling ng isa't isa. Bilang dagdag, itinuturo pa rin sa mga pananampalatayang ito na matatagpuan mula sa pagsunod sa perpektong <i>Batas ng Diyos</i> ang <i>tunay na kalayaan</i> ng tao na kinakatawan ng isang bagong utos ng Diyos: ang "mahalin ang bawat isa".<sup id="cite_ref-Biblia6_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biblia6-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Islam">Islam</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Islam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Islam"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:%27Abd_Allah_ibn_Shaykh_Murshid_al-Katib_-_Sa%27di_and_a_Dervish_Go_to_Settle_their_Quarrel_Before_a_Judge_-_Walters_W618106B_-_Cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/%27Abd_Allah_ibn_Shaykh_Murshid_al-Katib_-_Sa%27di_and_a_Dervish_Go_to_Settle_their_Quarrel_Before_a_Judge_-_Walters_W618106B_-_Cropped.jpg/220px-%27Abd_Allah_ibn_Shaykh_Murshid_al-Katib_-_Sa%27di_and_a_Dervish_Go_to_Settle_their_Quarrel_Before_a_Judge_-_Walters_W618106B_-_Cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="353" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/%27Abd_Allah_ibn_Shaykh_Murshid_al-Katib_-_Sa%27di_and_a_Dervish_Go_to_Settle_their_Quarrel_Before_a_Judge_-_Walters_W618106B_-_Cropped.jpg/330px-%27Abd_Allah_ibn_Shaykh_Murshid_al-Katib_-_Sa%27di_and_a_Dervish_Go_to_Settle_their_Quarrel_Before_a_Judge_-_Walters_W618106B_-_Cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/%27Abd_Allah_ibn_Shaykh_Murshid_al-Katib_-_Sa%27di_and_a_Dervish_Go_to_Settle_their_Quarrel_Before_a_Judge_-_Walters_W618106B_-_Cropped.jpg/440px-%27Abd_Allah_ibn_Shaykh_Murshid_al-Katib_-_Sa%27di_and_a_Dervish_Go_to_Settle_their_Quarrel_Before_a_Judge_-_Walters_W618106B_-_Cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="493" data-file-height="790" /></a><figcaption>Ang makatang si Saadi at isang a dervish na tumungo sa isang hukom (qadi) ng Sharia upang pagpasyahan ang kanilang awayan (ika-16 na dantaon na <i>miniature</i> o maliit na modelong Persa).</figcaption></figure> <p>Ang Sharia ay ang katawan ng batas na <a href="/wiki/Pang-Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Pang-Islam">pang-Islam</a>, na isang panuntunan ng pag-uugali, o batas panrelihiyon, ng pananampalatayang Islam. Pinaniniwalaan ng maraming <a href="/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> na ang Sharia ay hinango sa dalawang pangunahing sanggunian: ang mga atas na nasasaad sa <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a>, at sa mga halimbawang ipinakita ng propetang si <a href="/wiki/Muhamad" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhamad">Muhamad</a> ayon sa Sunnah. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Saklaw">Saklaw</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Saklaw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Saklaw"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ang saklaw ng batas ay maaaring ihati sa dalawang dominyo: Ang pampublikong batas ay sumasaklaw sa <a href="/wiki/Pamahalaan" title="Pamahalaan">pamahalaan</a> at <a href="/wiki/Lipunan" title="Lipunan">lipunan</a>, kabilang ang batas konstitusyonal, batas administratibo, at batas kriminal; samantalang ang pribadong batas ay sumasakop sa larangan ng <a href="/wiki/Kontrata" title="Kontrata">kontrata</a>, pag-aari, <a href="/wiki/Pamiminsalang_sinadya" title="Pamiminsalang sinadya">pamiminsalang sinadya</a> at batas komersyal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Batas_internasyonal">Batas internasyonal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Batas internasyonal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Batas internasyonal"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ang batas internasyonal ay maaaring tumukoy sa tatlong bagay: publikong internasyonal na batas, pribadong internasyonal na batas o alitan ng mga batas at ang batas ng supranasyonal na mga organisasyon </p><p>Maaaring buuin ang publkong internasyunal na batas ng mga samahang pandaigdigan tulad ng <a href="/wiki/Nagkakaisang_Bansa" title="Nagkakaisang Bansa">Mga Nagkakaisang Bansa</a> (na naitatag pagkatapos na mabigo ang Liga ng mga Bansa na iwasan ang <a href="/wiki/Ikalawang_Digmaang_Pandaigdig" title="Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig">Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ang <a href="/wiki/Pandaigdigang_Organisasyon_sa_Paggawa" title="Pandaigdigang Organisasyon sa Paggawa">Pandaigdigang Organisasyon sa Paggawa</a>, ang <a href="/wiki/Pandaigdigang_Organisasyon_ng_Pangangalakal" title="Pandaigdigang Organisasyon ng Pangangalakal">Pandaigdigang Organisasyon ng Pangangalakal</a>, o ang <a href="/wiki/Pandaigdigang_Pondong_Pananalapi" title="Pandaigdigang Pondong Pananalapi">Pandaigdigang Pondong Pananalapi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Batas_pangkonstitusyon_at_administratibo">Batas pangkonstitusyon at administratibo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Batas pangkonstitusyon at administratibo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Batas pangkonstitusyon at administratibo"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ang batas pangkonstitusyon at administratibo ay nangangasiwa sa mga isyu ng estado. Ang konstitusyonal na batas ay tumutungkol sa parehong ugnayan sa pagitan ng <a href="/wiki/Ehekutibong_sangay" title="Ehekutibong sangay">ehekutibo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lehislatura" class="mw-redirect" title="Lehislatura">lehislatura</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Hudikatura" class="mw-redirect" title="Hudikatura">hudikatura</a> at ang mga <a href="/wiki/Karapatang_pantao" title="Karapatang pantao">karapatang pantao</a> o mga <a href="/wiki/Sibil_na_kalayaan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sibil na kalayaan">sibil na kalayaan</a> ng mga indibiduwal laban sa estado. </p><p>Ang pundamental na prinsipyong pangkonstitusyon, na nakuha ang inspirasyon kay <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a>, ay sinasabing ang maaaring gawin ng isang indibiduwal ang kahit ano maliban kung pinagbabawal ito ng batas, at walang magagawa ang estado kung hindi iawtorisa ito sa pamamagitan ng batas.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Batas_pangkrimen">Batas pangkrimen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Batas pangkrimen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Batas pangkrimen"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ang batas pangkrimen na kilala rin bilang batas pamparusa (o <i>penal law</i>) ay nauukol sa mga <a href="/wiki/Krimen" title="Krimen">krimen</a> at mga parusa.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kaya, nireregula o inaayos nito ang depinisyon at mga parusa para sa mga paglabag na na natukoy na may sapat na mapanganib na epekto sa lipunan subalit sa sarili nito, hindi gumagawa ng moral na paghatol sa lumabag o nagpapataw ng mga restriksiyon sa lipunan na pisikal na pumipigil sa mga tao na gumawa ng krimen sa simula pa lamang.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrodyAckerLogan20012_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrodyAckerLogan20012-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson20032_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson20032-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang pag-iimbestiga, pagdakip, pagkakaso, at paglilitis sa mga sinusupetsahang manlalabag ay pinangagasiwaan ng batas ng kaparaanang pangkrimen. Ang modelong kaso ng isang krimen ay nakasalig sa pagpapatunay na lagpas sa makatuwirang pagdududa (<i>beyond reasonable doubt</i>) na ang taong ito ay talagang nagkasala sa dalawang bagay. Una, ang <a href="/wiki/Isinasakdal" class="mw-redirect" title="Isinasakdal">akusado</a> ay dapat gumawa ng aktong itinuturing ng lipunan na kriminal o <i>actus reus</i> (aktong nagpapatunay na gumawa ng kasalanan). Ikalawa, ang akusado ay dapat may paunang malisyosong layunin na gumawa ng aktong kriminal o <i>mens rea</i>. Gayunpaman, sa mga istriktong pananagutan na mga krimen, sasapat ang <i>actus reus</i>. Ang mga sistemang kriminal ng tradisyong batas sibil ay nagbubukod sa pagitan ng intensiyon sa malawak na kahulugan (<i>dolus directus</i> at <i>dolus eventualis</i>) at kapabayaan. Ang kapabayaan ay hindi nagdadala ng kriminal na responsibilidad malibang ang isang partikular na krimen ay nagbibigay dito ng parusa. Ang halimbawa ng mga <a href="/wiki/Krimen" title="Krimen">krimen</a> ay kinabibilangan ng pagpatay, pag-atake, pandaraya at <a href="/wiki/Pagnanakaw" title="Pagnanakaw">pagnanakaw</a>. Sa mga eksepsiyonal na kalagayan, maaaring ilapat ang ang pagtatanggol sa mga partikular na akto gaya ng pagpatay sa isang pagtatanggol sa sarili o pagsasamo ng kabaliwan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Batas_pangkontrata">Batas pangkontrata</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Batas pangkontrata" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Batas pangkontrata"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ang batas kontrata ay tumutungkol sa maipatutupad na mga pangako at sinusuma ng pariralang Latin na <i>pacta sunt servanda</i> (ang mga kasunduan ay dapat tuparin).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sa mga huridiksyong ng karaniwang batas, tatlong susing elemento sa paglikha ng kontrata ang kinakailangan: alok at pagtanggap, konsiderasyon at ang intensyong lumikha ng relasyong legal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maling_akto_o_pagsuway_sa_batas">Maling akto o pagsuway sa batas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Maling akto o pagsuway sa batas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Maling akto o pagsuway sa batas"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ang ilang kamaliang sibil ay pinagsasama bilang maling akto (o <i>tort</i>) sa ilalim ng mga sistemang karaniwang batas at pagsuway sa batas (o <i>delict</i>) sa ilalim ng mga sistemang batas sibil.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Para makaakto ng mali, ang isang indibiduwal ay kailangang lumabag sa isang tungkulin ng isang pang indibiduwal, o nanghimasok sa ilang mayroon nang karapatang legal. Isang payak na halibawa ang hindi sinasadyang paghagis at pagtama ng bola ng isang bola sa pang indibiduwal.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Batas_ng_pag-aaari">Batas ng pag-aaari</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Batas ng pag-aaari" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Batas ng pag-aaari"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pinamamahalaanan ng batas ng pag-aari ang pagmamay-ari at ari-arian. Ang ari-ariang bahay at lupa (tinatawag sa Ingles na <i>real property</i> o <i>real estate</i>) ay tumutukoy sa pagmamay-ari ng lupa at anumang nakakabit dito.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tumutukoy ang ari-ariang personal sa lahat ng iba pa, tulad ng mga <a href="/wiki/Kompyuter" title="Kompyuter">kompyuter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kotse" title="Kotse">kotse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alahas" title="Alahas">alahas</a> o mga karapatang di-nahahawakan, tulad ng sapi (o <i>stock</i>) at bahagi (<i>share</i>) sa kompanya. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tingnan_din">Tingnan din</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Tingnan din" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Tingnan din"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krimen" title="Krimen">Krimen</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_pandanda">Mga pandanda</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga pandanda" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Mga pandanda"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2121818">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kinikilala ng mga hurisdiksyon ng batas sibil ang kustumbre bilang "ang ibang pinagmumulan ng batas"; Civil law jurisdictions recognise custom as "the other source of law"; kaya naman, nakagawian ng mga iskolar ang hatiin ang batas sibil sa malawak na mga kategorya ng "sinulat na batas" (<i>ius scriptum</i>) o pagbabatas, at "di nakasulat na batas" (<i>ius non-scriptum</i>) or kustumbre. Subalit may ugali silang balewalain ang kustumbre o kaugalian bilang bahagyang mahalaga kumpura sa lehislasyon (Georgiadis, <i>General Principles of Civil Law</i>, 19; Washofsky, <i>Taking Precedent Seriously</i>, 7, sa Ingles).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kinumento ni <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> (<i>The Hinge of Fate</i>, 719) sa kabiguan ng Liga ng mga Barangay (sa wikang Ingles): "<i>It was wrong to say that the League failed. It was rather the member states who had failed the League.</i>" (Mali na sabihin na nabigo ang Liga. Sa halip, ang kasaping estado ang binigo ang Liga.)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_sanggunian">Mga sanggunian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga sanggunian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Mga sanggunian"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2121818"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertson200690-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobertson200690_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobertson2006">Robertson 2006</a>, p. 90.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harv error: no target: CITEREFRobertson2006 (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Kategorya:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillis1926-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillis1926_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWillis1926">Willis 1926</a>.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harv error: no target: CITEREFWillis1926 (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Kategorya:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2132731">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFGibbs1968" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gibbs, Jack P. (1968). "Definitions of Law and Empirical Questions". <i>Law & Society Review</i> (sa wikang Ingles). <b>2</b> (3): 429–446. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3052897">10.2307/3052897</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0023-9216">0023-9216</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3052897">3052897</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Law+%26+Society+Review&rft.atitle=Definitions+of+Law+and+Empirical+Questions&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=429-446&rft.date=1968&rft.issn=0023-9216&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3052897%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3052897&rft.aulast=Gibbs&rft.aufirst=Jack+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABatas" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFAkers1965" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Akers, Ronald L. (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5313&context=jclc">"Toward a Comparative Definition of Law"</a>. <i>Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology</i> (sa wikang Ingles). <b>56</b> (3): 301–306. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1141239">10.2307/1141239</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0022-0205">0022-0205</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1141239">1141239</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180719212013/https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5313&context=jclc">Inarkibo</a> mula sa orihinal noong 19 Hulyo 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">3 Enero</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Criminal+Law+and+Criminology&rft.atitle=Toward+a+Comparative+Definition+of+Law&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=301-306&rft.date=1965&rft.issn=0022-0205&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1141239%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1141239&rft.aulast=Akers&rft.aufirst=Ronald+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D5313%26context%3Djclc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABatas" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFSpooner1882" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Spooner, Lysander (1882). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Natural_Law;_or_The_Science_of_Justice:_A_Treatise_on_Natural_Law,_Natural_Justice,_Natural_Rights,_Natural_Liberty,_and_Natural_Society;_Showing_that_All_Legislation_Whatsoever_is_an_Absurdity,_a_Usurpation,_and_a_Crime._Part_First."><i>Natural Law; or The Science of Justice: A Treatise on Natural Law, Natural Justice, Natural Rights, Natural Liberty, and Natural Society; Showing that All Legislation Whatsoever is an Absurdity, a Usurpation, and a Crime. Part First</i></a> (sa wikang Ingles). A. Williams & Co. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191231072121/https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Natural_Law;_or_The_Science_of_Justice:_A_Treatise_on_Natural_Law,_Natural_Justice,_Natural_Rights,_Natural_Liberty,_and_Natural_Society;_Showing_that_All_Legislation_Whatsoever_is_an_Absurdity,_a_Usurpation,_and_a_Crime._Part_First.">Inarkibo</a> mula sa orihinal noong Disyembre 31, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">31 Disyembre</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Natural+Law%3B+or+The+Science+of+Justice%3A+A+Treatise+on+Natural+Law%2C+Natural+Justice%2C+Natural+Rights%2C+Natural+Liberty%2C+and+Natural+Society%3B+Showing+that+All+Legislation+Whatsoever+is+an+Absurdity%2C+a+Usurpation%2C+and+a+Crime.+Part+First.&rft.pub=A.+Williams+%26+Co.&rft.date=1882&rft.aulast=Spooner&rft.aufirst=Lysander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FNatural_Law%3B_or_The_Science_of_Justice%3A_A_Treatise_on_Natural_Law%2C_Natural_Justice%2C_Natural_Rights%2C_Natural_Liberty%2C_and_Natural_Society%3B_Showing_that_All_Legislation_Whatsoever_is_an_Absurdity%2C_a_Usurpation%2C_and_a_Crime._Part_First.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABatas" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFNúñez_Vaquero2013" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Núñez Vaquero, Álvaro (10 Hunyo 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.openedition.org/revus/2449">"Five Models of Legal Science"</a>. <i>Revus. Journal for Constitutional Theory and Philosophy of Law / Revija za ustavno teorijo in filozofijo prava</i> (sa wikang Ingles) (19): 53–81. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Libreng maa-access"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Frevus.2449">10.4000/revus.2449</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1581-7652">1581-7652</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191231075003/https://journals.openedition.org/revus/2449">Inarkibo</a> mula sa orihinal noong 31 Disyembre 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">31 Disyembre</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revus.+Journal+for+Constitutional+Theory+and+Philosophy+of+Law+%2F+Revija+za+ustavno+teorijo+in+filozofijo+prava&rft.atitle=Five+Models+of+Legal+Science&rft.issue=19&rft.pages=53-81&rft.date=2013-06-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Frevus.2449&rft.issn=1581-7652&rft.aulast=N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez+Vaquero&rft.aufirst=%C3%81lvaro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.openedition.org%2Frevus%2F2449&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABatas" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen1992-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen1992_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCohen1992">Cohen 1992</a>.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harv error: no target: CITEREFCohen1992 (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Kategorya:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFRubin2015" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rubin, Basha (13 Enero 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/basharubin/2015/01/13/is-law-an-art-or-a-science-a-bit-of-both/">"Is Law an Art or a Science?: A Bit of Both"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i> (sa wikang Ingles). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181103170800/https://www.forbes.com/sites/basharubin/2015/01/13/is-law-an-art-or-a-science-a-bit-of-both/">Inarkibo</a> mula sa orihinal noong Nobyembre 3, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Is+Law+an+Art+or+a+Science%3F%3A+A+Bit+of+Both&rft.date=2015-01-13&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=Basha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fbasharubin%2F2015%2F01%2F13%2Fis-law-an-art-or-a-science-a-bit-of-both%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABatas" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger1953525-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger1953525_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerger1953">Berger 1953</a>, p. 525.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harv error: no target: CITEREFBerger1953 (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Kategorya:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaboy-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Gaboy_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFGaboy,_Luciano_L." class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Gaboy, Luciano L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gabbydictionary.com/"><i><span></span></i>Jurisprudence<i>, hurisprudensiya, palabatasan - Gabby's Dictionary: Praktikal na Talahuluganang Ingles-Filipino ni Gabby/Gabby's Practical English-Filipino Dictionary, GabbyDictionary.com</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jurisprudence%2C+hurisprudensiya%2C+palabatasan+-+Gabby%27s+Dictionary%3A+Praktikal+na+Talahuluganang+Ingles-Filipino+ni+Gabby%2FGabby%27s+Practical+English-Filipino+Dictionary%2C+GabbyDictionary.com&rft.au=Gaboy%2C+Luciano+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gabbydictionary.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABatas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<i>Jurisprudence</i>", <i>Black's Law Dictionary</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFPejovic2001" class="citation journal cs1">Pejovic, Caslav (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzlii.org/nz/journals/VUWLawRw/2001/42.html">"Civil Law and Common Law: Two Different Paths Leading to the Same Goal"</a>. <i>Victoria University of Wellington Law Review</i>. <b>32</b> (3): 817. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Libreng maa-access"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.26686%2Fvuwlr.v32i3.5873">10.26686/vuwlr.v32i3.5873</a></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190908062918/http://www.nzlii.org/nz/journals/VUWLawRw/2001/42.html">Inarkibo</a> mula sa orihinal noong 8 Setyembre 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">31 Disyembre</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Victoria+University+of+Wellington+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Civil+Law+and+Common+Law%3A+Two+Different+Paths+Leading+to+the+Same+Goal&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=817&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.26686%2Fvuwlr.v32i3.5873&rft.aulast=Pejovic&rft.aufirst=Caslav&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzlii.org%2Fnz%2Fjournals%2FVUWLawRw%2F2001%2F42.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABatas" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.juriglobe.ca/eng/syst-onu/index-alpha.php">"Alphabetical Index of the 192 United Nations Member States and Corresponding Legal Systems"</a>. <i>JuriGlobe</i>. University of Ottawa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160722022209/http://www.juriglobe.ca/eng/syst-onu/index-alpha.php">Inarkibo</a> mula sa orihinal noong 22 Hulyo 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">1 Enero</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JuriGlobe&rft.atitle=Alphabetical+Index+of+the+192+United+Nations+Member+States+and+Corresponding+Legal+Systems&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.juriglobe.ca%2Feng%2Fsyst-onu%2Findex-alpha.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABatas" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Biblia6-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Biblia6_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Committee_on_Bible_Translation1984" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">The Committee on Bible Translation (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.IBSDirect.com">"<i>Law</i>"</a>. <i>The New Testament, God's Word, The Holy Bible, New International Version (NIV)</i>. International Bible Society, Colorado, USA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Law&rft.btitle=The+New+Testament%2C+God%27s+Word%2C+The+Holy+Bible%2C+New+International+Version+%28NIV%29&rft.pub=International+Bible+Society%2C+Colorado%2C+USA&rft.date=1984&rft.au=The+Committee+on+Bible+Translation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.IBSDirect.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABatas" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_ensiklopedya" class="mw-redirect" title="Padron:Cite ensiklopedya">cite ensiklopedya</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span>, <i>Dictionary/Concordance</i>, pahina B6 at B7. (sa Ingles)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100218221016/http://www.un.org/aboutun/history.htm">"History of the UN"</a>. <i>About the United Nations/History</i> (sa wikang Ingles). Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/aboutun/history.htm">orihinal</a> noong 18 Pebrero 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">1 Setyembre</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=About+the+United+Nations%2FHistory&rft.atitle=History+of+the+UN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Faboutun%2Fhistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABatas" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Locke, <i>The Second Treatise</i>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Two_Treatises_of_Government/The_Second_Treatise_of_Government:_An_Essay_Concerning_the_True_Origin,_Extent,_and_End_of_Civil_Government#2:9" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Two Treatises of Government/The Second Treatise of Government: An Essay Concerning the True Origin, Extent, and End of Civil Government">Kabanata 9, seksyon 124</a> (sa Ingles)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tamanaha, <i>On the Rule of Law</i>, 47 (sa Ingles)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ang tratado ni Cesare Beccaria noong 1763–1764 ay pinamagatang <i>On Crimes and Punishments</i> (<i>Dei delitti e delle pene</i>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrodyAckerLogan20012-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrodyAckerLogan20012_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrodyAckerLogan2001">Brody, Acker & Logan 2001</a>, p. 2.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harv error: no target: CITEREFBrodyAckerLogan2001 (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Kategorya:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson20032-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson20032_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilson2003">Wilson 2003</a>, p. 2.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harv error: no target: CITEREFWilson2003 (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Kategorya:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wehberg, <i>Pacta Sunt Servanda</i>, 775 (sa Ingles)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFLee1918" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lee, R. W. (Abril 1918). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/ylj/vol27/iss6/1">"Torts and Delicts"</a>. <i>Yale Law Journal</i> (sa wikang Ingles). <b>27</b> (6): 721–730. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F786478">10.2307/786478</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0044-0094">0044-0094</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/786478">786478</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200101082254/https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/ylj/vol27/iss6/1/">Inarkibo</a> mula sa orihinal noong 1 Enero 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">1 Enero</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yale+Law+Journal&rft.atitle=Torts+and+Delicts&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=721-730&rft.date=1918-04&rft.issn=0044-0094&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F786478%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F786478&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=R.+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.law.yale.edu%2Fylj%2Fvol27%2Fiss6%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABatas" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Bolton v Stone</i> [1951] AC 850 (sa Ingles)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">e.g. <i>Hunter v Canary Wharf Ltd</i> [1997] <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199697/ldjudgmt/jd970424/hunter01.htm">2 All ER 426</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170922164352/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199697/ldjudgmt/jd970424/hunter01.htm">Naka-arkibo</a> 22 September 2017 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Kinuha sa "<a dir="ltr" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Batas&oldid=2132636">https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Batas&oldid=2132636</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_kategorya" title="Natatangi:Mga kategorya">Mga kategorya</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Batas" title="Kategorya:Batas">Batas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Pangunahing_paksa_sa_etika" title="Kategorya:Pangunahing paksa sa etika">Pangunahing paksa sa etika</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Agham_pampolitika" title="Kategorya:Agham pampolitika">Agham pampolitika</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Mga_pangunahing_paksa" title="Kategorya:Mga pangunahing paksa">Mga pangunahing paksa</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Nakatagong kategorya: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Pages_using_duplicate_arguments_in_template_calls" title="Kategorya:Pages using duplicate arguments in template calls">Pages using duplicate arguments in template calls</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Harv_and_Sfn_no-target_errors" title="Kategorya:Harv and Sfn no-target errors">Harv and Sfn no-target errors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">CS1 maint: date auto-translated</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Sangguniang_CS1_sa_wikang_Ingles_(en)" title="Kategorya:Sangguniang CS1 sa wikang Ingles (en)">Sangguniang CS1 sa wikang Ingles (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Kategorya:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Huling pagbabago: 06:25, 12 Oktubre 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Magagamit ang teksto sa ilalim ng <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Lisensyang Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike</a>; maaaring mailapat ang karagdagang termino. 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