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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-APG_vs._Cronquist" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#APG_vs._Cronquist"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>APG vs. Cronquist</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-APG_vs._Cronquist-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dahlgren_and_Thorne_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dahlgren_and_Thorne_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Dahlgren and Thorne systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dahlgren_and_Thorne_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dicotyledon</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 77 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">77 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A9" title="ثنائيات الفلقة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ثنائيات الفلقة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0kil%C9%99p%C9%99lil%C9%99r" title="İkiləpəlilər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İkiləpəlilər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6" title="দ্বিবীজপত্রী উদ্ভিদ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দ্বিবীজপত্রী উদ্ভিদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siang-ch%C3%AD-hio%CC%8Dh_si%CC%8Dt-bu%CC%8Dt" title="Siang-chí-hio̍h si̍t-bu̍t – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Siang-chí-hio̍h si̍t-bu̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D3%A9%D1%88%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Ике өлөшлөләр – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ике өлөшлөләр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Двухдольныя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Двухдольныя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Двухдольныя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Двухдольныя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Двусемеделни – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Двусемеделни" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dikotiledone" title="Dikotiledone – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Dikotiledone" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%C4%95_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%C4%83%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Икĕ пайвăрăлли – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Икĕ пайвăрăлли" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanom_nga_bulak_(tanom)" title="Tanom nga bulak (tanom) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tanom nga bulak (tanom)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvoud%C4%9Blo%C5%BEn%C3%A9" title="Dvouděložné – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dvouděložné" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deugotyledon" title="Deugotyledon – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Deugotyledon" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokimbladede" title="Tokimbladede – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tokimbladede" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zweikeimbl%C3%A4ttrige" title="Zweikeimblättrige – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zweikeimblättrige" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%84%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%AE%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Δικοτυλήδονο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δικοτυλήδονο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicotyledoneae" title="Dicotyledoneae – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dicotyledoneae" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dukotiledonaj_plantoj" title="Dukotiledonaj plantoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dukotiledonaj plantoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dikotiledoneo" title="Dikotiledoneo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Dikotiledoneo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%BE%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7_(%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87)" title="دولپه‌ای‌ها (گیاه) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دولپه‌ای‌ها (گیاه)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicotyl%C3%A9done" title="Dicotylédone – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dicotylédone" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9chotail%C3%A9ad%C3%B3n" title="Déchotailéadón – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Déchotailéadón" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicotiled%C3%B3neas" title="Dicotiledóneas – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dicotiledóneas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Ши дакъа дола – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Ши дакъа дола" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8C%8D%EB%96%A1%EC%9E%8E%EC%8B%9D%EB%AC%BC" title="쌍떡잎식물 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="쌍떡잎식물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%B7%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Երկշաքիլավորներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երկշաքիլավորներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="द्विबीजपत्री – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="द्विबीजपत्री" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvosupnice" title="Dvosupnice – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dvosupnice" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan_berbiji_belah" title="Tumbuhan berbiji belah – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tumbuhan berbiji belah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B9%C3%A6%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Дыхайон зайæгойтæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Дыхайон зайæгойтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tv%C3%ADk%C3%ADmbl%C3%B6%C3%B0ungar" title="Tvíkímblöðungar – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tvíkímblöðungar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%95-%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%92%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="דו-פסיגיים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דו-פסיגיים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ორლებნიანნი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ორლებნიანნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dikotiledon" title="Dikotiledon – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Dikotiledon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divd%C4%ABg%C4%BClapji" title="Divdīgļlapji – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Divdīgļlapji" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dikotyledonen" title="Dikotyledonen – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Dikotyledonen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9tszik%C5%B1ek" title="Kétszikűek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kétszikűek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Дикотиледони – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Дикотиледони" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="ദ്വിബീജപത്രസസ്യങ്ങൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ദ്വിബീജപത്രസസ്യങ്ങൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9F%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ჟირლებერამეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჟირლებერამეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D9%82%D9%87" title="ثنائيات الفلقه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ثنائيات الفلقه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dikotiledon" title="Dikotiledon – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Dikotiledon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A2%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A0_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A8" title="ꯗꯥꯢꯀꯣꯠ ꯃꯔꯨ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯗꯥꯢꯀꯣꯠ ꯃꯔꯨ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweezaadlobbigen" title="Tweezaadlobbigen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tweezaadlobbigen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="दुईदलीय वनस्पति – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="दुईदलीय वनस्पति" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%AD%90%E8%91%89%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="双子葉植物 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="双子葉植物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofr%C3%B8bladete_planter" title="Tofrøbladete planter – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tofrøbladete planter" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofr%C3%B8bladingar" title="Tofrøbladingar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tofrøbladingar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicotiledon%C3%A8as" title="Dicotiledonèas – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Dicotiledonèas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikki_urug%CA%BBpallali_o%CA%BBsimliklar" title="Ikki urugʻpallali oʻsimliklar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ikki urugʻpallali oʻsimliklar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9F" title="ਡਾਈਕੋਟ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਡਾਈਕੋਟ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%92" title="دودالے – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دودالے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwuli%C5%9Bcienne" title="Dwuliścienne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dwuliścienne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicotiled%C3%B3nea" title="Dicotiledónea – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dicotiledónea" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicotiledonate" title="Dicotiledonate – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dicotiledonate" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iskay_phutuy_raphiyuq" title="Iskay phutuy raphiyuq – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Iskay phutuy raphiyuq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Двудольные – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Двудольные" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicotyledon" title="Dicotyledon – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Dicotyledon" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dykotiledonet" title="Dykotiledonet – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dykotiledonet" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicotyledon" title="Dicotyledon – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dicotyledon" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%8A%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%88%D9%BD%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A6%DA%8A%D9%86" title="ڊائيڪوٽيلئڊن – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڊائيڪوٽيلئڊن" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvojkl%C3%AD%C4%8Dnolistov%C3%A9" title="Dvojklíčnolistové – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dvojklíčnolistové" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvokali%C4%8Dnice" title="Dvokaličnice – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dvokaličnice" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%99%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Дикотиледоне биљке – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Дикотиледоне биљке" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dikotiledone_biljke" title="Dikotiledone biljke – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dikotiledone biljke" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaksisirkkaiset" title="Kaksisirkkaiset – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaksisirkkaiset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tv%C3%A5hj%C3%A4rtbladiga_v%C3%A4xter" title="Tvåhjärtbladiga växter – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tvåhjärtbladiga växter" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="இருவித்திலைத் தாவரம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இருவித்திலைத் தாவரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasnayyawin" title="Tasnayyawin – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tasnayyawin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B3%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="ద్విదళబీజాలు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ద్విదళబీజాలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Дводольні – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дводольні" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%81" title="دو دالہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دو دالہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%B1c_v%E1%BA%ADt_hai_l%C3%A1_m%E1%BA%A7m" title="Thực vật hai lá mầm – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thực vật hai lá mầm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tw%C3%AAezoadlobbign" title="Twêezoadlobbign – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Twêezoadlobbign" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%B6%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="双子叶植物 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="双子叶植物" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%96%E8%91%89%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="孖葉植物 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="孖葉植物" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%B6%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="双子叶植物 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="双子叶植物" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8316#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> 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biota biota-infobox"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" class="section-header" style="background:rgb(180,250,180);">Dicotyledon </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="image-section"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Lamium_album_(1).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Lamium album (white dead nettle)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Lamium_album_%281%29.JPG/220px-Lamium_album_%281%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Lamium_album_%281%29.JPG/330px-Lamium_album_%281%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Lamium_album_%281%29.JPG/440px-Lamium_album_%281%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="653" data-file-height="968" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="image-section"><i><a href="/wiki/Lamium_album" title="Lamium album">Lamium album</a></i> (white dead nettle) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="section-header" style="min-width:15em;text-align:center;background:rgb(180,250,180);"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a><span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Angiosperms" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seed_plant" title="Seed plant">Spermatophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="section-header" style="background:rgb(180,250,180);">Groups included </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="section-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnoliids" title="Magnoliids">Magnoliids</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amborella" title="Amborella">Amborella</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymphaeales" title="Nymphaeales">Nymphaeales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrobaileyales" title="Austrobaileyales">Austrobaileyales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloranthales" class="mw-redirect" title="Chloranthales">Chloranthales</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ceratophyllum" title="Ceratophyllum">Ceratophyllum</a></i></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="section-header" style="background:rgb(180,250,180);"><a href="/wiki/Cladistics" title="Cladistics">Cladistically</a> included but traditionally excluded taxa </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="section-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monocots" class="mw-redirect" title="Monocots">Monocots</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="section-header" style="background:rgb(180,250,180);"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="section-content"> <ul><li>Dicotyledoneae</li> <li>Magnoliatae <small><a href="/wiki/Takht." class="mw-redirect" title="Takht.">Takht.</a></small><sup id="cite_ref-Takh64_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Takh64-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227369696">.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox{text-align:left;width:200px;font-size:100%}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox td:not(.image-section){padding:2px 10px}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox th.section-header{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox td.section-content{text-align:left;padding:0 0.25em}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox td.list-section{text-align:left;padding:0 0.25em}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox td.taxon-section{text-align:left;padding:0 0.25em}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox td.image-section{text-align:center;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox table.taxonomy{margin:0 auto;text-align:left;background:transparent;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox table.taxonomy tr{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox table.taxonomy td{padding:1px}</style> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dicotyledon_plant-let.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Dicotyledon_plant-let.jpg/220px-Dicotyledon_plant-let.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Dicotyledon_plant-let.jpg/330px-Dicotyledon_plant-let.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Dicotyledon_plant-let.jpg/440px-Dicotyledon_plant-let.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Dicotyledon plantlet</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Young_castor_bean_plant_showing_prominent_cotyledons.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Young_castor_bean_plant_showing_prominent_cotyledons.jpg/200px-Young_castor_bean_plant_showing_prominent_cotyledons.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Young_castor_bean_plant_showing_prominent_cotyledons.jpg/300px-Young_castor_bean_plant_showing_prominent_cotyledons.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Young_castor_bean_plant_showing_prominent_cotyledons.jpg/400px-Young_castor_bean_plant_showing_prominent_cotyledons.jpg 2x" data-file-width="828" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Young <a href="/wiki/Castor_oil_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Castor oil plant">castor oil plant</a> showing its prominent two embryonic leaves (<a href="/wiki/Cotyledon" title="Cotyledon">cotyledons</a>), which differ from the adult leaves</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>dicotyledons</b>, also known as <b>dicots</b> (or, more rarely, <b>dicotyls</b>),<sup id="cite_ref-TFD_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TFD-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are one of the two groups into which all the <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plants</a> (angiosperms) were formerly divided. The name refers to one of the typical characteristics of the group: namely, that the <a href="/wiki/Seed" title="Seed">seed</a> has two embryonic leaves or <a href="/wiki/Cotyledon" title="Cotyledon">cotyledons</a>. There are around 200,000 <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> within this group.<sup id="cite_ref-Hamilton2006_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamilton2006-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other group of flowering plants were called <a href="/wiki/Monocotyledon" title="Monocotyledon">monocotyledons</a> (or monocots), typically each having one cotyledon. Historically, these two groups formed the two divisions of the flowering plants. </p><p>Largely from the 1990s onwards, <a href="/wiki/Molecular_phylogenetics" title="Molecular phylogenetics">molecular phylogenetic</a> research confirmed what had already been suspected: that dicotyledons are not a group made up of all the descendants of a common ancestor (i.e., they are not a <a href="/wiki/Monophyly" title="Monophyly">monophyletic</a> group). Rather, a number of lineages, such as the <a href="/wiki/Magnoliids" title="Magnoliids">magnoliids</a> and groups now collectively known as the <a href="/wiki/Basal_angiosperms" title="Basal angiosperms">basal angiosperms</a>, diverged earlier than the monocots did; in other words, monocots evolved from within the dicots, as traditionally defined. The traditional dicots are thus a <a href="/wiki/Paraphyly" title="Paraphyly">paraphyletic</a> group.<sup id="cite_ref-Simp11_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simp11-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">eudicots</a> are the largest monophyletic group within the dicotyledons. They are distinguished from all other flowering plants by the structure of their <a href="/wiki/Pollen" title="Pollen">pollen</a>. Other dicotyledons and the monocotyledons have <a href="/wiki/Monosulcate" class="mw-redirect" title="Monosulcate">monosulcate</a> pollen (or derived forms): grains with a single sulcus. Contrastingly, eudicots have <a href="/wiki/Pollen" title="Pollen">tricolpate</a> pollen (or derived forms): grains with three or more pores set in furrows called colpi. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparison_with_monocotyledons">Comparison with monocotyledons</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dicotyledon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Comparison with monocotyledons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aside from <a href="/wiki/Cotyledon" title="Cotyledon">cotyledon</a> number, other broad differences have been noted between <a href="/wiki/Monocots" class="mw-redirect" title="Monocots">monocots</a> and dicots, although these have proven to be differences primarily between monocots and <a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">eudicots</a>. Many early-diverging dicot groups have monocot characteristics such as scattered <a href="/wiki/Vascular_bundles" class="mw-redirect" title="Vascular bundles">vascular bundles</a>, trimerous flowers, and non-tricolpate <a href="/wiki/Pollen" title="Pollen">pollen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UCB_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, some monocots have dicot characteristics such as <a href="/wiki/Leaf#Venation_(arrangement_of_the_veins)" title="Leaf">reticulated leaf veins</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UCB_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Feature </th> <th>In monocots </th> <th>In dicots </th></tr> <tr> <td>Number of parts of each flower </td> <td>In threes (flowers are trimerous) </td> <td>In fours or fives (tetramerous or pentamerous) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Number of <a href="/wiki/Pollen#Structure" title="Pollen">furrows or pores</a> in pollen </td> <td>One </td> <td>Three </td></tr> <tr> <td>Number of <a href="/wiki/Cotyledon" title="Cotyledon">cotyledons</a> (leaves in the seed) </td> <td>One </td> <td>Two </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arrangement of vascular bundles in the <a href="/wiki/Plant_stem" title="Plant stem">stem</a> </td> <td>Scattered </td> <td>In concentric circles </td></tr> <tr> <td>Roots </td> <td>Are <a href="/wiki/Adventitious" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventitious">adventitious</a> </td> <td>Develop from the <a href="/wiki/Radicle" title="Radicle">radicle</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arrangement of major <a href="/wiki/Leaf#Veins" title="Leaf">leaf veins</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parallel_(geometry)" title="Parallel (geometry)">Parallel</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_botanical_terms#reticulate" title="Glossary of botanical terms">Reticulate</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Secondary_growth" title="Secondary growth">Secondary growth</a> </td> <td>Absent </td> <td>Often present </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Stomata" class="mw-redirect" title="Stomata">Stomata</a> </td> <td>Present on both the upper and lower epidermis of leaves </td> <td>More common on the lower epidermis of leaves </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:454px;max-width:454px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Comparison of monocots and dicots</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:452px;max-width:452px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Monocot_vs_Dicot.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Illustrations of differences between monocots and dicots" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Monocot_vs_Dicot.svg/450px-Monocot_vs_Dicot.svg.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Monocot_vs_Dicot.svg/675px-Monocot_vs_Dicot.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Monocot_vs_Dicot.svg/900px-Monocot_vs_Dicot.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="384" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dicotyledon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phylogeny">Phylogeny</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dicotyledon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Phylogeny"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The consensus <a href="/wiki/Phylogenetic_tree" title="Phylogenetic tree">phylogenetic tree</a> used in the <a href="/wiki/APG_IV_system" title="APG IV system">APG IV system</a> shows that the group traditionally treated as the dicots is <a href="/wiki/Paraphyly" title="Paraphyly">paraphyletic</a> to the monocots:<sup id="cite_ref-Cole17_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cole17-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-APGIV_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APGIV-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:100%;line-height:110%;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Angiosperms" class="mw-redirect" title="Angiosperms">angiosperms</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf" style="border-right:2px solid black;border-bottom:0;border-top:2px solid black;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Amborellales" class="mw-redirect" title="Amborellales">Amborellales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf" style="border-right:2px solid black;border-bottom:0;border-top:0;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Nymphaeales" title="Nymphaeales">Nymphaeales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf" style="border-right:2px solid black;border-bottom:0;border-top:0;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Austrobaileyales" title="Austrobaileyales">Austrobaileyales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Core_angiosperms" class="mw-redirect" title="Core angiosperms">core angiosperms</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf" style="border-right:2px solid black;border-bottom:0;border-top:0;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Chloranthales" class="mw-redirect" title="Chloranthales">Chloranthales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf" style="border-right:2px solid black;border-bottom:0;border-top:0;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Magnoliids" title="Magnoliids">magnoliids</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf" style="border-right:2px solid black;border-bottom:0;border-top:0;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Ceratophyllales" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceratophyllales">Ceratophyllales</a>  </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf" style="border-right:2px solid black;border-bottom:2px solid black;border-top:0;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">eudicots</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Monocots" class="mw-redirect" title="Monocots">monocots</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-bar" style="">traditional dicots </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical">Historical</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dicotyledon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Historical"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traditionally, the dicots have been called the Dicotyledones (or <i>Dicotyledoneae</i>), at any rank. If treated as a class, as they are within the <a href="/wiki/Cronquist_system" title="Cronquist system">Cronquist system</a>, they could be called the Magnoliopsida after the <a href="/wiki/Type_(botany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Type (botany)">type genus</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Magnolia" title="Magnolia">Magnolia</a></i>. In some schemes, the eudicots were either treated as a separate <a href="/wiki/Class_(biology)" title="Class (biology)">class</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Rosopsida" title="Rosopsida">Rosopsida</a> (type genus <i>Rosa</i>), or as several separate classes. The remaining dicots (<a href="/wiki/Palaeodicots" class="mw-redirect" title="Palaeodicots">palaeodicots</a> or basal angiosperms) may be kept in a single <a href="/wiki/Paraphyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraphyletic">paraphyletic</a> class, called <a href="/wiki/Magnoliopsida" title="Magnoliopsida">Magnoliopsida</a>, or further divided. Some botanists prefer to retain the dicotyledons as a valid class, arguing its practicality and that it makes evolutionary sense.<sup id="cite_ref-Stuessy10_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stuessy10-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="APG_vs._Cronquist">APG vs. Cronquist</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dicotyledon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: APG vs. Cronquist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following lists show the orders in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group <a href="/wiki/APG_IV_system" title="APG IV system">APG IV system</a> traditionally called dicots,<sup id="cite_ref-APGIV_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APGIV-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> together with the older <a href="/wiki/Cronquist_system" title="Cronquist system">Cronquist system</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="background:transparent;" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" align="left"> <tbody><tr> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/APG_IV_system" title="APG IV system">APG IV</a><br />(paraphyletic) </th> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/Cronquist_system" title="Cronquist system">Cronquist system</a><br />(classis <b>Magnoliopsida</b>) </th></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amborellales" class="mw-redirect" title="Amborellales">Amborellales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrobaileyales" title="Austrobaileyales">Austrobaileyales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymphaeales" title="Nymphaeales">Nymphaeales</a></li> <li>; <a href="/wiki/Magnoliids" title="Magnoliids">magnoliids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canellales" title="Canellales">Canellales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurales" title="Laurales">Laurales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnoliales" title="Magnoliales">Magnoliales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piperales" title="Piperales">Piperales</a></li></ul></li> <li>; unplaced independent lineage <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chloranthales" class="mw-redirect" title="Chloranthales">Chloranthales</a></li></ul></li> <li>; probable sister of eudicots <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceratophyllales" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceratophyllales">Ceratophyllales</a></li></ul></li> <li>; <a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">eudicots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buxales" title="Buxales">Buxales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteales" title="Proteales">Proteales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranunculales" title="Ranunculales">Ranunculales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trochodendrales" class="mw-redirect" title="Trochodendrales">Trochodendrales</a></li> <li>; <a href="/wiki/Core_eudicots" class="mw-redirect" title="Core eudicots">core eudicots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dilleniales" title="Dilleniales">Dilleniales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnerales" title="Gunnerales">Gunnerales</a></li> <li>; <a href="/wiki/Superrosids" title="Superrosids">superrosids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brassicales" title="Brassicales">Brassicales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celastrales" title="Celastrales">Celastrales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossosomatales" title="Crossosomatales">Crossosomatales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucurbitales" title="Cucurbitales">Cucurbitales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabales" title="Fabales">Fabales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fagales" title="Fagales">Fagales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraniales" title="Geraniales">Geraniales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huerteales" title="Huerteales">Huerteales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malpighiales" title="Malpighiales">Malpighiales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malvales" title="Malvales">Malvales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrtales" title="Myrtales">Myrtales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxalidales" title="Oxalidales">Oxalidales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picramniales" class="mw-redirect" title="Picramniales">Picramniales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales">Rosales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapindales" title="Sapindales">Sapindales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxifragales" title="Saxifragales">Saxifragales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitales" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitales">Vitales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygophyllales" title="Zygophyllales">Zygophyllales</a></li></ul></li> <li>; <a href="/wiki/Superasterids" title="Superasterids">superasterids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apiales" title="Apiales">Apiales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquifoliales" title="Aquifoliales">Aquifoliales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asterales" title="Asterales">Asterales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berberidopsidales" title="Berberidopsidales">Berberidopsidales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boraginales" title="Boraginales">Boraginales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruniales" title="Bruniales">Bruniales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales">Caryophyllales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornales" title="Cornales">Cornales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipsacales" title="Dipsacales">Dipsacales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ericales" title="Ericales">Ericales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escalloniales" class="mw-redirect" title="Escalloniales">Escalloniales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garryales" title="Garryales">Garryales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentianales" title="Gentianales">Gentianales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icacinales" title="Icacinales">Icacinales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamiales" title="Lamiales">Lamiales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metteniusales" class="mw-redirect" title="Metteniusales">Metteniusales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracryphiales" class="mw-redirect" title="Paracryphiales">Paracryphiales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santalales" title="Santalales">Santalales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solanales" title="Solanales">Solanales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vahliales" class="mw-redirect" title="Vahliales">Vahliales</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td valign="top"> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Magnoliids" title="Magnoliids">Magnoliidae</a> (mostly basal dicots)</dt> <dd> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magnoliales" title="Magnoliales">Magnoliales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurales" title="Laurales">Laurales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piperales" title="Piperales">Piperales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristolochiaceae" title="Aristolochiaceae">Aristolochiales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrobaileyales" title="Austrobaileyales">Illiciales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymphaeales" title="Nymphaeales">Nymphaeales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranunculales" title="Ranunculales">Ranunculales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranunculales" title="Ranunculales">Papaverales</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Hamamelidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamamelidae">Hamamelidae</a></dt> <dd> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trochodendrales" class="mw-redirect" title="Trochodendrales">Trochodendrales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamamelidales" title="Hamamelidales">Hamamelidales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daphniphyllum" title="Daphniphyllum">Daphniphyllales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didymeles" title="Didymeles">Didymelales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucommia" title="Eucommia">Eucommiales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urticales" title="Urticales">Urticales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leitneriales" class="mw-redirect" title="Leitneriales">Leitneriales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juglandales" title="Juglandales">Juglandales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myricales" class="mw-redirect" title="Myricales">Myricales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fagales" title="Fagales">Fagales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casuarinaceae" title="Casuarinaceae">Casuarinales</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Caryophyllidae" title="Caryophyllidae">Caryophyllidae</a></dt> <dd> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales">Caryophyllales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygonaceae" title="Polygonaceae">Polygonales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumbaginaceae" title="Plumbaginaceae">Plumbaginales</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Dilleniidae" title="Dilleniidae">Dilleniidae</a></dt> <dd> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dilleniales" title="Dilleniales">Dilleniales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theales" title="Theales">Theales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malvales" title="Malvales">Malvales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lecythidales" title="Lecythidales">Lecythidales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepenthales" title="Nepenthales">Nepenthales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violales" title="Violales">Violales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salicaceae" title="Salicaceae">Salicales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capparales" title="Capparales">Capparales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batales" title="Batales">Batales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ericales" title="Ericales">Ericales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diapensiales" class="mw-redirect" title="Diapensiales">Diapensiales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenales" title="Ebenales">Ebenales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primulales" title="Primulales">Primulales</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Rosidae" title="Rosidae">Rosidae</a></dt> <dd> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales">Rosales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabales" title="Fabales">Fabales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteales" title="Proteales">Proteales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podostemales" class="mw-redirect" title="Podostemales">Podostemales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haloragales" title="Haloragales">Haloragales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrtales" title="Myrtales">Myrtales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhizophoraceae" title="Rhizophoraceae">Rhizophorales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornales" title="Cornales">Cornales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santalales" title="Santalales">Santalales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafflesiales" title="Rafflesiales">Rafflesiales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celastrales" title="Celastrales">Celastrales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphorbiales" title="Euphorbiales">Euphorbiales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhamnales" title="Rhamnales">Rhamnales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linales" title="Linales">Linales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygalales" class="mw-redirect" title="Polygalales">Polygalales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapindales" title="Sapindales">Sapindales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraniales" title="Geraniales">Geraniales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apiales" title="Apiales">Apiales</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Asteridae" title="Asteridae">Asteridae</a></dt> <dd> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gentianales" title="Gentianales">Gentianales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solanales" title="Solanales">Solanales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamiales" title="Lamiales">Lamiales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callitrichales" title="Callitrichales">Callitrichales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantaginales" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantaginales">Plantaginales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrophulariales" class="mw-redirect" title="Scrophulariales">Scrophulariales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campanulales" title="Campanulales">Campanulales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubiales_(plant)" title="Rubiales (plant)">Rubiales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipsacales" title="Dipsacales">Dipsacales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calycerales" title="Calycerales">Calycerales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asterales" title="Asterales">Asterales</a></li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dahlgren_and_Thorne_systems">Dahlgren and Thorne systems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dicotyledon&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Dahlgren and Thorne systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the Dahlgren and Thorne systems, the <a href="/wiki/Subclass_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Subclass (biology)">subclass</a> name <i>Magnoliidae</i> was used for the dicotyledons. This is also the case in some of the systems derived from the Cronquist system.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> These two systems are contrasted in the table below in terms of how each categorises by superorder; note that the sequence within each system has been altered in order to pair corresponding taxa </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Thorne_system_(1992)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thorne system (1992)">Thorne system (1992) as depicted by Reveal</a> is: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" align="left" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:lightgreen" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Dahlgren_system" title="Dahlgren system">Dahlgren system</a> </th> <th style="background:lightgreen" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Thorne_system" title="Thorne system">Thorne system</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnolianae" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnolianae">Magnolianae</a><br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Ranunculanae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranunculanae">Ranunculanae</a> </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnolianae" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnolianae">Magnolianae</a><br /> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rafflesianae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rafflesianae (page does not exist)">Rafflesianae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nymphaeanae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nymphaeanae">Nymphaeanae</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nymphaeanae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nymphaeanae">Nymphaeanae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Caryophyllanae" class="mw-redirect" title="Caryophyllanae">Caryophyllanae</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caryophyllanae" class="mw-redirect" title="Caryophyllanae">Caryophyllanae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Theanae" class="mw-redirect" title="Theanae">Theanae</a><br /> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plumbaginanae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plumbaginanae (page does not exist)">Plumbaginanae</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Polygonanae" class="mw-redirect" title="Polygonanae">Polygonanae</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Primulanae" class="mw-redirect" title="Primulanae">Primulanae</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ericanae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ericanae (page does not exist)">Ericanae</a> </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Theanae" class="mw-redirect" title="Theanae">Theanae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Malvanae" class="mw-redirect" title="Malvanae">Malvanae</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Malvanae" class="mw-redirect" title="Malvanae">Malvanae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Violanae" class="mw-redirect" title="Violanae">Violanae</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Violanae" class="mw-redirect" title="Violanae">Violanae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosanae" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosanae">Rosanae</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosanae" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosanae">Rosanae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Proteanae" class="mw-redirect" title="Proteanae">Proteanae</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Proteanae" class="mw-redirect" title="Proteanae">Proteanae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Myrtanae" class="mw-redirect" title="Myrtanae">Myrtanae</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Myrtanae" class="mw-redirect" title="Myrtanae">Myrtanae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rutanae" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutanae">Rutanae</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rutanae" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutanae">Rutanae</a><br /> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celastranae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Celastranae (page does not exist)">Celastranae</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geranianae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geranianae (page does not exist)">Geranianae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Santalanae" class="mw-redirect" title="Santalanae">Santalanae</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santalanae" class="mw-redirect" title="Santalanae">Santalanae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Balanophoranae" class="mw-redirect" title="Balanophoranae">Balanophoranae</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santalanae" class="mw-redirect" title="Santalanae">Santalanae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asteranae" class="mw-redirect" title="Asteranae">Asteranae</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asteranae" class="mw-redirect" title="Asteranae">Asteranae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Solananae" class="mw-redirect" title="Solananae">Solananae</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Solananae" class="mw-redirect" title="Solananae">Solananae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cornanae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornanae">Cornanae</a><br /> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitanae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitanae (page does not exist)">Vitanae</a> </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cornanae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornanae">Cornanae</a><br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Aralianae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aralianae">Aralianae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Loasanae" class="mw-redirect" title="Loasanae">Loasanae</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Loasanae" class="mw-redirect" title="Loasanae">Loasanae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gentiananae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gentiananae">Gentiananae</a><br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Lamianae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamianae">Lamianae</a> </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gentiananae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gentiananae">Gentiananae</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div><p> There exist variances between the superorders <a href="/wiki/Circumscription_(taxonomy)" title="Circumscription (taxonomy)">circumscribed</a> from each system. Namely, although the systems share common names for many of the listed superorders, the specific list orders classified within each varies. For example, Thorne's <i>Theanae</i> corresponds to five distinct superorders under Dahlgren's system, only one of which is called <i>Theanae.</i></p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dicotyledon&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calyciflorae" title="Calyciflorae">Calyciflorae</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dicotyledon&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output 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title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84407-083-1"><bdi>978-1-84407-083-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plant+conservation%3A+An+ecosystem+approach&rft.place=London&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Earthscan&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-84407-083-1&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.au=Hamilton%2C+Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP6m0OTheY8sC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADicotyledon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Simp11-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Simp11_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimpson2011" class="citation cs2">Simpson, Michael G. (2011), "Chapter 7: Diversity and Classification of Flowering Plants", <i>Plant Systematics</i>, Elsevier, p. 139, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-0805-1404-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-0805-1404-8"><bdi>978-0-0805-1404-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+7%3A+Diversity+and+Classification+of+Flowering+Plants&rft.btitle=Plant+Systematics&rft.pages=139&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-0805-1404-8&rft.aulast=Simpson&rft.aufirst=Michael+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADicotyledon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UCB-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UCB_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UCB_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/glossary/gloss8/monocotdicot.html"><i>Monocots versus Dicots</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Museum_of_Paleontology" title="University of California Museum of Paleontology">University of California Museum of Paleontology</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2012</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Monocots+versus+Dicots&rft.pub=University+of+California+Museum+of+Paleontology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucmp.berkeley.edu%2Fglossary%2Fgloss8%2Fmonocotdicot.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADicotyledon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cole17-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cole17_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColeHilgerStevens2017" class="citation cs2">Cole, Theodor C.H.; Hilger, Hartmut H. & Stevens, Peter F. (2017), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170517030259/http://www2.biologie.fu-berlin.de/sysbot/poster/poster1.pdf"><i>Angiosperm Phylogeny Poster - Flowering Plant Systematics</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.biologie.fu-berlin.de/sysbot/poster/poster1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2017-05-17<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-13</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Angiosperm+Phylogeny+Poster+-+Flowering+Plant+Systematics&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=Theodor+C.H.&rft.au=Hilger%2C+Hartmut+H.&rft.au=Stevens%2C+Peter+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.biologie.fu-berlin.de%2Fsysbot%2Fposter%2Fposter1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADicotyledon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-APGIV-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-APGIV_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-APGIV_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAPG_IV2016" class="citation cs2">Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV", <i><a href="/wiki/Botanical_Journal_of_the_Linnean_Society" title="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society">Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</a></i>, <b>181</b> (1): 1–20, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fboj.12385">10.1111/boj.12385</a></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Botanical+Journal+of+the+Linnean+Society&rft.atitle=An+update+of+the+Angiosperm+Phylogeny+Group+classification+for+the+orders+and+families+of+flowering+plants%3A+APG+IV&rft.volume=181&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-20&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fboj.12385&rft.au=Angiosperm+Phylogeny+Group&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADicotyledon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stuessy10-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stuessy10_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStuessy2010" class="citation cs2">Stuessy, Tod F. (2010), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ktriop.bio.ug.edu.pl/upload/preview/d866ba1ba9b0c1ed4b27a44373a5e40b.pdf">"Paraphyly and the origin and classification of angiosperms."</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Taxon</i>, <b>59</b> (3): 689–693, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Ftax.593001">10.1002/tax.593001</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Taxon&rft.atitle=Paraphyly+and+the+origin+and+classification+of+angiosperms.&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=689-693&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Ftax.593001&rft.aulast=Stuessy&rft.aufirst=Tod+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ktriop.bio.ug.edu.pl%2Fupload%2Fpreview%2Fd866ba1ba9b0c1ed4b27a44373a5e40b.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADicotyledon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/51px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/68px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> has information related to <i><b><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Magnoliopsida" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Magnoliopsida">Magnoliopsida</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dicotyledon&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/34px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/51px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/68px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> has information related to <i><b><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Magnoliopsida" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Magnoliopsida">Magnoliopsida</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2019/browse/classification/class/Magnoliopsida/fossil/1/match/1">World list of dicot species (a.k.a. Magnoliopsida) from the Catalogue of Life</a>, 253,406 species.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2019/browse/tree/id/53497bb664b89c28e60f020f7f21f882">Tree browser for dicot orders, families and genera with species counts and estimates via the Catalogue of Life</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Dicotyledones</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8316" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q8316">Q8316</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id3180">3180</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=206968">206968</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=55233">55233</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8316#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8316#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/892852/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4191236-6">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Dicotyledons"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85037685">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Dicotylédones"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12121450x">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Dicotylédones"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12121450x">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00571461">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="dvouděložné rostliny"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph114378&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Dicotiledóneas"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX538858">Spain</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000115181&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007552914405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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