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id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthodox_brotherhoods&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthodox brotherhoods">Orthodox brotherhoods</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Bratstvo" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bratstvo_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bratstvo (disambiguation)">Bratstvo (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about Ruthenian fraternity network affiliated with local churches. For other meaning, see <a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Brotherhood (disambiguation)">Brotherhood</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StAnthony.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/StAnthony.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="366" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="185" data-file-height="366" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Saint_Anthony_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Anthony the Great">Saint Anthony the Great</a> was known to have belonged to a brotherhood called the "Spoudaioi"</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Brotherhoods</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: братство; literally, "<a href="/wiki/Fraternity" title="Fraternity">fraternities</a>") were <a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">non-monastic</a> organisations of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church">Greek Catholic</a> citizens or <a href="/wiki/Lay_brother" title="Lay brother">lay brothers</a> affiliated with individual autocephalous churches. Some of their focus was of an <a href="/wiki/Evangelism" title="Evangelism">evangelical</a> or <a href="/wiki/Theological" class="mw-redirect" title="Theological">theological</a> character, but much of their activities were in fact secular.<sup id="cite_ref-eou_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eou-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their structure resembled that of medieval <a href="/wiki/Confraternity" title="Confraternity">confraternities</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trade_guild" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade guild">trade guilds</a>, and can be characterized as the Orthodox equivalent of <a href="/wiki/Religious_order_(Catholic)" title="Religious order (Catholic)">Catholic religious orders</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-eou_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eou-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beginning in the western Ukrainian lands,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they became common in the cities throughout the Ruthenian part of the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Lviv" title="Lviv">Lviv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wilno" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilno">Vilnius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lutsk" title="Lutsk">Lutsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitebsk" title="Vitebsk">Vitebsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Slavonic_churches">In Slavonic churches</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthodox_brotherhood&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: In Slavonic churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first documented Orthodox brotherhood was that of <a href="/wiki/Lviv_Dormition_Brotherhood" title="Lviv Dormition Brotherhood">Lviv</a>, in 1463. They were consolidated in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Brest" title="Union of Brest">Union of Brest</a> (1596) in order to oppose the conversion of Orthodox Christians to the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Uniate Church</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Polonization" title="Polonization">Polonization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-eou_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eou-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The brotherhoods attempted to resist state-supported Catholic missionary activity by publishing books in the <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic">Cyrillic</a> script and by financing a network of Orthodox schools which offered education in both <a href="/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Church Slavonic language">Old Church Slavonic</a> and the vernacular <a href="/wiki/Ruthenian_language" title="Ruthenian language">Ruthenian language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-enc_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The brotherhoods were also simultaneously engaged in defending the rights and liberties of the Orthodox burghers, particularly of those Ukrainian craftsmen and merchants from the arbitrary oppression of the Polish Catholic authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The famous <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Kyiv-Mohyla_Academy" title="National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy">Kyiv Mohyla Academy</a> grew out of one such school under the umbrella of the <a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_Monastery" title="Brotherhood Monastery">Brotherhood Monastery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Dormition_Church,_Lviv" title="Dormition Church, Lviv">Dormition Church, Lviv</a> was financed by the brotherhood of the same name; its members also supported the <a href="/wiki/Khmelnytsky_Uprising" title="Khmelnytsky Uprising">Cossack risings</a> in the east of Ukraine. The powerful <a href="/wiki/Ostrogski" class="mw-redirect" title="Ostrogski">Ostrogski</a> family provided political support for their activities. </p><p>The activity of the Orthodox fraternities helped preserve the national culture of <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> throughout the <a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a> era.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most were closed in the course of the 18th century when Greek-Catholic proselytism had been forbidden by the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Romanov" title="House of Romanov">House of Romanov</a>. Some were revived in the late 19th century in order to stem "atheist propaganda" of the <a href="/wiki/Nihilists" class="mw-redirect" title="Nihilists">Nihilists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-enc_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 19th century <a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_of_Saints_Cyril_and_Methodius" title="Brotherhood of Saints Cyril and Methodius">Brotherhood of Saints Cyril and Methodius</a>, formed in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, was barely religious at all in character, and instead promoted Ukrainian national awareness. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Ostroh" title="Ostroh">Ostroh</a> bratstvo was reinstituted by <a href="/wiki/Antonina_Bludova" title="Antonina Bludova">Countess Bludova</a> (1813-1891), an ardent admirer of the Ostrogski family. Orthodox immigrants to the U.S. formed brotherhoods to support church activities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Orthodox_Brotherhoods">Notable Orthodox Brotherhoods</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthodox_brotherhood&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Notable Orthodox Brotherhoods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Lord" title="Army of the Lord">Army of the Lord</a></li> <li>God-Prayer Congregation</li> <li>Brotherhood of Theologians for life (also known as "Zoe")</li> <li>The Soter brotherhood</li> <li>Brotherhood of <a href="/wiki/Symeon_the_New_Theologian" title="Symeon the New Theologian">St. Symeon the New Theologian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paisios" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Paisios">Saint Paisios</a> Brotherhood</li> <li>Nour al-Masih society<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthodox_brotherhood&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity_in_Ukraine" title="History of Christianity in Ukraine">History of Christianity in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confraternity" title="Confraternity">Confraternity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lviv_Dormition_Brotherhood" title="Lviv Dormition Brotherhood">Lviv Dormition Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_of_Saints_Cyril_and_Methodius" title="Brotherhood of Saints Cyril and Methodius">Brotherhood of Saints Cyril and Methodius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostroh_Academy" title="Ostroh Academy">Ostroh Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostroh_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Ostroh Bible">Ostroh Bible</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthodox_brotherhood&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-eou-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eou_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eou_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eou_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CB%5CR%5CBrotherhoods.htm">"Brotherhoods"</a> at the <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Ukraine" title="Encyclopedia of Ukraine">Encyclopedia of Ukraine</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Basil Jioultsis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/003776867502200105">"Religious Brotherhoods: A Sociological View"</a>. <i>Social Compass</i>, XXII, 1975/1, pp. 67–83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPlokhy2001" class="citation book cs1">Plokhy, Serhii (2001). <i>The Cossacks and Religion in Early Modern Ukraine</i>. Oxford University Press. pp. 70–71.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cossacks+and+Religion+in+Early+Modern+Ukraine&rft.pages=70-71&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Plokhy&rft.aufirst=Serhii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrthodox+brotherhood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagocsi2007" class="citation book cs1">Magocsi, Paul Robert (2007). <i>Ukraine: An Illustrated History</i>. University of Toronto Press. p. 113.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ukraine%3A+An+Illustrated+History&rft.pages=113&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Magocsi&rft.aufirst=Paul+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrthodox+brotherhood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-enc-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-enc_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-enc_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121221190541/http://slovari.yandex.ru/~%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%20%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5/">Russian Humanitarian Encyclopaedia</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Orest_Subtelny" title="Orest Subtelny">Orest Subtelny</a>. <i>Ukraine: A History</i>. 3rd ed. University of Toronto Press, 2000. Pages 97-99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lightchrist.org/about_us.html">"Light of Christ - "Nour Almasih"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>www.lightchrist.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.lightchrist.org&rft.atitle=Light+of+Christ+-+%22Nour+Almasih%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lightchrist.org%2Fabout_us.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrthodox+brotherhood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthodox_brotherhood&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CB%5CR%5CBrotherhoods.htm">Brotherhoods</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Ukraine" title="Encyclopedia of Ukraine">Encyclopedia of Ukraine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2367613#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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