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<div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Kaiso_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Kaiso (disambiguation)">Kaiso (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Kaiso</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stylistic origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Traditional music of the <a href="/wiki/Kongo_people" title="Kongo people">Kongo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ibibio_people" title="Ibibio people">Ibibio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Efik_people" title="Efik people">Efik</a> peoples</li><li>other <a href="/wiki/West_African_music" class="mw-redirect" title="West African music">West African music</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultural origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><a href="/wiki/Akwa_Akpa" class="mw-redirect" title="Akwa Akpa">Akwa Akpa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kongo" title="Kingdom of Kongo">Kingdom of Kongo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Derivative forms</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calypso_music" title="Calypso music">Calypso</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Soca_music" title="Soca music">soca</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Brukdown" title="Brukdown">brukdown</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Palm-wine_music" title="Palm-wine music">palm-wine music</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mento" title="Mento">mento</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Fusion genres</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chutney_music" title="Chutney music">Chutney</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chut-kai-pang" class="mw-redirect" title="Chut-kai-pang">chut-kai-pang</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rapso" title="Rapso">rapso</a></li><li>gospelypso</li><li><a href="/wiki/Cadence-lypso" title="Cadence-lypso">cadence-lypso</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ska" title="Ska">ska</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Spouge" title="Spouge">spouge</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">reggae</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="background-color: white"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Music of Trinidad and Tobago">Music of Trinidad and Tobago</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #E5E4E2"> General topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Music_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Category:Music of Trinidad and Tobago">Related articles</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #E5E4E2"> Genres</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calinda" title="Calinda">Calinda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cariso" title="Cariso">Cariso</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kaiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calypso_music" title="Calypso music">Calypso</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extempo" title="Extempo">Extempo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9l%C3%A9" title="Bélé">Bélé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pichakaree" title="Pichakaree">Pichakaree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soca_music" title="Soca music">Soca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chutney_music" title="Chutney music">Chutney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chutney_Soca" class="mw-redirect" title="Chutney Soca">Chutney Soca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmi" title="Filmi">Filmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baithak_Gana" title="Baithak Gana">Baithak Gana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhajan" title="Bhajan">Bhajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_classical_music" title="Indian classical music">Indian classical music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_folk_music" title="Indian folk music">Indian folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parang" title="Parang">Parang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soca_music#Parang_soca" title="Soca music">Parang soca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chutney_parang" title="Chutney parang">Chutney parang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapso" title="Rapso">Rapso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soca_music#Ragga_soca" title="Soca music">Ragga soca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouyon_soca" title="Bouyon soca">Bouyon soca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrobeats#Afrosoca" title="Afrobeats">Afrosoca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soca_music#Groovy_soca" title="Soca music">Groovy soca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soca_music#Power_soca" title="Soca music">Power soca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">Reggae</a></li> <li>Rhythm Section</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tassa" title="Tassa">Tassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steelpan" title="Steelpan">Steelpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soca_music#Steelband_soca" title="Soca music">Steelband soca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brass_band" title="Brass band">Brass band</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #E5E4E2"> Specific forms</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Religious music</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_music" title="Christian music">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">Gospel</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_music" title="Hindu music">Hindu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhajan" title="Bhajan">Bhajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirtan" title="Kirtan">Kirtan</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_music" title="Islamic music">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasheed" title="Nasheed">Nasheed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasida" title="Qasida">Qasida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_music" title="Sufi music">Sufi</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Ethnic music</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Caribbean_music" title="Indo-Caribbean music">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baithak_Gana" title="Baithak Gana">Baithak Gana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhajan" title="Bhajan">Bhajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chutney_music" title="Chutney music">Chutney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chutney_parang" title="Chutney parang">Chutney parang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chutney_Soca" class="mw-redirect" title="Chutney Soca">Chutney Soca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmi" title="Filmi">Filmi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Bollywood">Bollywood</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_classical_music" title="Indian classical music">Indian classical music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_folk_music" title="Indian folk music">Indian folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirtan" title="Kirtan">Kirtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pichakaree" title="Pichakaree">Pichakaree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tassa" title="Tassa">Tassa</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Caribbean_music" title="Afro-Caribbean music">African</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrobeats#Afrosoca" title="Afrobeats">Afrosoca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9l%C3%A9" title="Bélé">Bélé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouyon_soca" title="Bouyon soca">Bouyon soca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calinda" title="Calinda">Calinda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calypso_music" title="Calypso music">Calypso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canboulay" title="Canboulay">Canboulay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cariso" title="Cariso">Cariso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extempo" title="Extempo">Extempo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soca_music#Groovy_soca" title="Soca music">Groovy soca</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kaiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soca_music#Parang_soca" title="Soca music">Parang soca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soca_music#Power_soca" title="Soca music">Power soca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soca_music#Ragga_soca" title="Soca music">Ragga soca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapso" title="Rapso">Rapso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">Reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soca_music" title="Soca music">Soca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soca_music#Steelband_soca" title="Soca music">Steelband soca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steelpan" title="Steelpan">Steelpan</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #E5E4E2"> Media and performance</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Music media</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <p><b>Music television</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synergy_TV" title="Synergy TV">Synergy TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempo_Networks" title="Tempo Networks">Tempo Networks</a></li> <li>Trinidad and Tobago Entertainment Network (TTEN)</li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #E5E4E2"> Nationalistic and patriotic songs</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> National anthem</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Forged_from_the_Love_of_Liberty" title="Forged from the Love of Liberty">Forged from the Love of Liberty</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #E5E4E2"> Regional music</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Anguilla" title="Music of Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Music of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_former_Netherlands_Antilles" title="Music of the former Netherlands Antilles">Aruba and the Dutch Antilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Bahamas" title="Music of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Barbados" title="Music of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Belize" title="Music of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bermuda" title="Music of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bonaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Music of the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Costa_Rica" title="Music of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cuba" title="Music of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Music of Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Dominica" title="Music of Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Music of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Grenada" title="Music of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guadeloupe" title="Music of Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guyana" title="Music of Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Haiti" title="Music of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Jamaica" title="Music of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Louisiana" title="Music of Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Martinique" title="Music of Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Montserrat" title="Music of Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Panama" title="Music of Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Music of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Music of Saint Kitts and Nevis">St Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Music of Saint Lucia">St Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Music of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">St Vincent and Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Suriname" title="Music of Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Music of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Venezuela" title="Music of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Virgin_Islands" title="Music of the Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Music_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Template:Music of Trinidad and Tobago"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Template talk:Music of Trinidad and Tobago"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Music of Trinidad and Tobago"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kaiso</b> is a type of music popular in <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a>, and other countries, especially of the Caribbean, such as <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Lucia" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Lucia">St. Lucia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a>, which originated in <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a> particularly among the <a href="/wiki/Efik_people" title="Efik people">Efik</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ibibio_people" title="Ibibio people">Ibibio</a> people of <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, and later evolved into <a href="/wiki/Calypso_music" title="Calypso music">calypso music</a>. </p><p>Kaiso music has its origins in West Africa (particularly in present-day <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>) and in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kongo" title="Kingdom of Kongo">Kingdom of Kongo</a> and was brought over by the enslaved Africans, who (in the early history of the art form) used it to sing about their masters. The people would also gather in "kaiso" tents where a <a href="/wiki/Griot" title="Griot">griot</a> or lead singer would lead them in song. Many early kaisos were sung in <a href="/wiki/French-based_creole_languages" title="French-based creole languages">French Creole</a> by an individual called a <a href="/wiki/Chantwell" class="mw-redirect" title="Chantwell">chantwell</a>. Kaiso songs are generally narrative in form and often have a cleverly concealed political subtext. Kaiso performers are known as <b>kaisonians</b>. </p><p>In Barbados, <i>kaiso</i> refers to a form of stage-presented calypso, such as at the <a href="/wiki/Crop_over" class="mw-redirect" title="Crop over">crop over</a> festival. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaiso&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>kaiso</i> is said to derive from an <a href="/wiki/Ibibio_language" title="Ibibio language">Ibibio</a>/<a href="/wiki/Efik_language" title="Efik language">Efik</a> word meaning "get on" used as an exclamation, such as "Bravo!", "Let us join".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It can also mean "Let us be friends" in Igbo <a href="/wiki/Anambra" class="mw-redirect" title="Anambra">Anambra</a> dialect. Plus, in the <a href="/wiki/Igbo_language" title="Igbo language">Igbo language</a> <i>ka anyị sonye</i> means "Let's join".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word is often used synonymously with calypso today, but often with the connotation that the former is more authentic, showing approval consistent with its original meaning. This word can also be found in an Igbo name. Kaisoluchukwu (Solu, Kaiso). Kaisoluchukwu means "Let's respect/follow God" in the <a href="/wiki/Igbo_language" title="Igbo language">Igbo language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kaisoluchukwu_Meaning_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaisoluchukwu_Meaning-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaiso&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ibibio_and_Igbo_influence_on_the_etymology">Ibibio and Igbo influence on the etymology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaiso&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ibibio and Igbo influence on the etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ibibio_people" title="Ibibio people">Ibibio people</a>/<a href="/wiki/Igbo_people" title="Igbo people">Igbo people</a> and the origins of <a href="/wiki/Limbo_(dance)" title="Limbo (dance)">limbo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Calypso_music" title="Calypso music">calypso</a>. The enslaved Ibibios, Igbo and supposedly other slaves would gather, plant two poles on opposite ends, and place a bar across. They would take turns (individually) dancing and negotiating their bodies to go underneath the bar and exit on the opposite end without upsetting it, no matter how low the bar was. The accompanying chant used to egg on and lead the dancer to a successful exit went something like this: "kaiso, kaiso, kaiso" —– meaning "go forward, go ahead, more". The dance was later named limbo. Ka means go. Iso means forward. Kaiso therefore, means go forward in the Ibibio language of Southeastern Nigeria. The Ibibios and <a href="/wiki/Igbo_people" title="Igbo people">Igbo people</a> who were kidnapped from the Niger Delta and <a href="/wiki/Akwa_Akpa" class="mw-redirect" title="Akwa Akpa">Calabar</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> shipped across the vast Atlantic Ocean, and subsequently enslaved in the Caribbean islands of Trinidad and Tobago brought their music, language, and traditions with them. In slavery, their customs and traditions got interwoven into the larger slave culture of the area, but the word kaiso (go forward, go ahead, or more) survived. It later became the name of Trinidad and Tobago's most popular music. Kaiso evolved into calypso and that, too, evolved into <a href="/wiki/Soca_music" title="Soca music">soca music</a>. The very fact that the word kaiso was common and accepted enough to be used for naming a dance or song suggests that the Ibibio and Igbo slave population of that area was strong and socially influential. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Calypso_music">Calypso music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaiso&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Calypso music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Calypso music was developed in Trinidad in the 17th century from the West African Kaiso and <a href="/wiki/Canboulay_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Canboulay music">canboulay music</a> brought by captive Africans imported to that Caribbean island to work on sugar plantations. These slaves, brought to toil on sugar plantations, were stripped of all connections to their homeland and family and not allowed to talk to each other. They used calypso to mock the slave masters and to communicate with each other. Many early calypsos were sung in <a href="/wiki/French-based_creole_languages" title="French-based creole languages">French Creole</a> by an individual called a <a href="/wiki/Griot" title="Griot">griot</a>. "Patois" or Trinidadian French Creole was the original language of the calypso music. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kongo_influence">Kongo influence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaiso&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Kongo influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>That <a href="/wiki/Calinda" title="Calinda">Kalinda</a> and its accompanying drum rhythms were predominantly a <a href="/wiki/Kongo_people" title="Kongo people">Kongo</a> input into Trinidad culture can be concluded from the significant number of Kongo names among remembered stickmen and popular stickyards and from the emotional involvement with stickfight culture of Kongo descendants interviewed in the 1970s in contrast with the attachment of <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_people" title="Yoruba people">Yoruba</a>, Rada and <a href="/wiki/Hausa_people" title="Hausa people">Hausa</a> descendants to religious ceremonies. The kalinda drum rhythm was transported almost bodily into Kaiso even without modification. This rhythm can also be heard in Calypso and Soca. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaiso&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060301144114/http://library2.nalis.gov.tt/Default.aspx?tabid=138">"Calypso"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library2.nalis.gov.tt/Default.aspx?tabid=138">the original</a> on 1 March 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Calypso&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary2.nalis.gov.tt%2FDefault.aspx%3Ftabid%3D138&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaiso" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarner-Lewis1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Maureen_Warner-Lewis" title="Maureen Warner-Lewis">Warner-Lewis, Maureen</a> (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q6oEEPlJeAcC&dq=kaiso+igbo&pg=PA151"><i>Guinea's Other Suns: The African Dynamic in Trinidad Culture</i></a>. The Majority Press. p. 151. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780912469270" title="Special:BookSources/9780912469270"><bdi>9780912469270</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327091717/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=q6oEEPlJeAcC&pg=PA151&dq=kaiso+igbo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjh1r6qxp7hAhVJTRUIHb3PDskQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=kaiso%20igbo&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guinea%27s+Other+Suns%3A+The+African+Dynamic+in+Trinidad+Culture&rft.pages=151&rft.pub=The+Majority+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9780912469270&rft.aulast=Warner-Lewis&rft.aufirst=Maureen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq6oEEPlJeAcC%26dq%3Dkaiso%2Bigbo%26pg%3DPA151&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaiso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wordhippo.com/what-is/dynamic-translation/dfff4e70b843903d9bb9d186f8a1f1a8aa1c8e18.html">"WordHippo"</a>. <i>WordHippo</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190506160709/https://www.wordhippo.com/what-is/dynamic-translation/dfff4e70b843903d9bb9d186f8a1f1a8aa1c8e18.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-05-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WordHippo&rft.atitle=WordHippo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wordhippo.com%2Fwhat-is%2Fdynamic-translation%2Fdfff4e70b843903d9bb9d186f8a1f1a8aa1c8e18.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaiso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kaisoluchukwu_Meaning-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kaisoluchukwu_Meaning_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFalae2017" class="citation web cs1">Falae, Vivian (13 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legit.ng/1113569-igbo-names-starting-k.html">"Beautiful and meaningful Igbo names for your child"</a>. <i>Legit.ng - Nigeria news</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190326011430/https://www.legit.ng/1113569-igbo-names-starting-k.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Legit.ng+-+Nigeria+news.&rft.atitle=Beautiful+and+meaningful+Igbo+names+for+your+child&rft.date=2017-07-13&rft.aulast=Falae&rft.aufirst=Vivian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legit.ng%2F1113569-igbo-names-starting-k.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaiso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChamber2005" class="citation book cs1">Chamber, Douglas (2005). <i>Murder at Montpelier: igbo africans in virginia</i>. University Press of Mississippi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1604732467" title="Special:BookSources/978-1604732467"><bdi>978-1604732467</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Murder+at+Montpelier%3A+igbo+africans+in+virginia.&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1604732467&rft.aulast=Chamber&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaiso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaiso&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarner-Lewis1991" class="citation book cs1">Warner-Lewis, Maureen (1991). <i>Guinea's Other Suns: The African Dynamic in Trinidad Culture</i>. Majority Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-912469-27-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-912469-27-7"><bdi>0-912469-27-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guinea%27s+Other+Suns%3A+The+African+Dynamic+in+Trinidad+Culture&rft.pub=Majority+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-912469-27-7&rft.aulast=Warner-Lewis&rft.aufirst=Maureen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaiso" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillington1999" class="citation book cs1">Millington, J. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/garlandencyclope0001unse/page/813"><i>Barbados - Garland Encyclopedia of World Music</i></a>. Vol. 2. Routledge. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/garlandencyclope0001unse/page/813">813–821</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8153-1865-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8153-1865-0"><bdi>0-8153-1865-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Barbados+-+Garland+Encyclopedia+of+World+Music&rft.pages=813-821&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-8153-1865-0&rft.aulast=Millington&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgarlandencyclope0001unse%2Fpage%2F813&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaiso" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output 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tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Calypso_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Calypso_music" title="Template:Calypso music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Calypso_music" title="Template talk:Calypso music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Calypso_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Calypso music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Calypso_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Calypso_music" title="Calypso music">Calypso music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benna_(genre)" title="Benna (genre)">Benna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brega_pop" title="Brega pop">Brega pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadence-lypso" title="Cadence-lypso">Cadence-lypso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chutney_music" title="Chutney music">Chutney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extempo" title="Extempo">Extempo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jw%C3%A9" title="Jwé">Jwé</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kaiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mento" title="Mento">Mento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanto" title="Shanto">Shanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soca_music" title="Soca music">Soca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional scenes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Costa Rican</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calypso_de_El_Callao" title="Calypso de El Callao">Venezuelan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calypso_tent" title="Calypso tent">Calypso tents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canboulay" title="Canboulay">Canboulay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_English" title="Caribbean English">Caribbean English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbo_(dance)" title="Limbo (dance)">Limbo dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_music_genres" title="List of Caribbean music genres">Caribbean music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_music_in_Canada" title="Caribbean music in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_music_in_the_United_Kingdom#Music_from_Trinidad" title="Caribbean music in the United Kingdom">the United Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Music of Trinidad and Tobago">Music of Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_West_Africa" title="Music of West Africa">Music of West Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">Reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ska" title="Ska">Ska</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spouge" title="Spouge">Spouge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_Carnival" title="Trinidad and Tobago Carnival">Carnival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calypsonian" title="Calypsonian">Calypsonians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Folk_and_indigenous_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Folk_music" title="Template:Folk music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Folk_music" title="Template talk:Folk music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Folk_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Folk music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Folk_and_indigenous_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">Folk and indigenous music</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Template:UNESCO_Oral_and_Intangible_music" title="Template:UNESCO Oral and Intangible music">Music on the World Register of Intangible Cultural Heritage</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types and <br />subgenres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">By subject or function</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballad" title="Ballad">Ballads</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_Ballads" title="Child Ballads">Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_ballad" title="Murder ballad">Murder</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_(music)" title="Carol (music)">Carols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_carol" title="Christmas carol">Christmas carol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koliadka" title="Koliadka">Koliadka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_music" title="Children's music">Children's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_music" title="Dance music">Dance music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_song" title="Drinking song">Drinking song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_song" title="Love song">Love song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protest_song" title="Protest song">Protest song</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_song" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-war song">Anti-war song</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_shanty" title="Sea shanty">Sea shanties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporting_song" title="Sporting song">Sporting song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_song" title="War song">War songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_song" title="Work song">Work song</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Fusions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_primitive_guitar" title="American primitive guitar">American primitive guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-folk" title="Anti-folk">Anti-folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluegrass_music" title="Bluegrass music">Bluegrass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_folk" class="mw-redirect" title="Country folk">Country folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dangdut" title="Dangdut">Dangdut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koplo" title="Koplo">Koplo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filk_music" title="Filk music">Filk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_baroque" title="Folk baroque">Folk baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_jazz" title="Folk jazz">Folk jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk-pop" title="Folk-pop">Folk-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock">Folk rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal">Folk metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_metal" title="Celtic metal">Celtic metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_metal" title="Medieval metal">Medieval metal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_punk" title="Folk punk">Folk punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_punk" title="Celtic punk">Celtic punk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_rock" title="Celtic rock">Celtic rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_metal" title="Celtic metal">Celtic metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_punk" title="Celtic punk">Celtic punk</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folktronica" title="Folktronica">Folktronica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_folk" title="Indie folk">Indie folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_folk_music" title="Industrial folk music">Industrial folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_(music)" title="Lu (music)">Lu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_folk_rock" title="Medieval folk rock">Medieval folk rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_metal" title="Medieval metal">Medieval metal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mui%C3%B1eira" title="Muiñeira">Muiñeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neofolk" title="Neofolk">Neofolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerd-folk" class="mw-redirect" title="Nerd-folk">Nerd-folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_folk" title="Psychedelic folk">Psychedelic folk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freak_folk" class="mw-redirect" title="Freak folk">Freak folk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Weird_America" title="New Weird America">New Weird America</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_folk" title="Progressive folk">Progressive folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%AF" title="Raï">Raï</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skiffle" title="Skiffle">Skiffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamang_Selo" title="Tamang Selo">Tamang Selo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallenato" title="Vallenato">Vallenato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%E1%BA%A9m" title="Xẩm">Xẩm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_folk_music_traditions" title="List of folk music traditions">Regional <br /> traditions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="North_America" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/List_of_North_American_folk_music_traditions" title="List of North American folk music traditions">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Central_American_folk_music_traditions" title="List of Central American folk music traditions">Central America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mexico#Traditional_folk_music" title="Music of Mexico">Mexican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corrido" title="Corrido">Corrido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_calentano" title="Son calentano">Son calentano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_jarocho" title="Son jarocho">Son jarocho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_huasteco" title="Son huasteco">Son huasteco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tierra_Caliente_music" title="Tierra Caliente music">Tierra Caliente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui_music" title="Yaqui music">Yaqui</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Panama#Folk_music" title="Music of Panama">Panamanian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_music_of_North_America" title="Indigenous music of North America">Indigenous North<br />American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_music_of_Canada" title="Indigenous music of Canada">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arapaho_music" title="Arapaho music">Arapaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfeet_music" title="Blackfeet music">Blackfeet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dene_music" title="Dene music">Dene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innu_music" title="Innu music">Innu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_music" title="Inuit music">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroquois_music" title="Iroquois music">Iroquois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiowa_music" title="Kiowa music">Kiowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwakwaka%27wakw_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Kwakwaka'wakw music">Kwakwaka'wakw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_fiddle" title="Métis fiddle">Métis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_music" title="Navajo music">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_music" title="Pueblo music">Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminole_music" title="Seminole music">Seminole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux_music" title="Sioux music">Sioux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui_music" title="Yaqui music">Yaqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuman_music" title="Yuman music">Yuman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/American_folk_music" title="American folk music">American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_music" title="Appalachian music">Appalachian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old-time_music" title="Old-time music">Old-time</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_folk_music_revival" title="American folk music revival">Folk revival</a> (1950s–60s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Hawaii#Folk_music" title="Music of Hawaii">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_music" title="New Mexico music">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Dirt_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Dirt (music)">Red Dirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejano_music" title="Tejano music">Tejano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_music_(North_America)" title="Western music (North America)">Western</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/African-American_music" title="African-American music">African-American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">Blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dixieland" class="mw-redirect" title="Dixieland">Dixieland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jug_band" title="Jug band">Jug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">Ragtime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiritual (music)">Spirituals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americana_music" title="Americana music">Americana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roots_rock" title="Roots rock">Roots rock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluegrass_music" title="Bluegrass music">Bluegrass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_folk" class="mw-redirect" title="Country folk">Country folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_pop" title="Country pop">Country pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_rock" title="Country rock">Country rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honky-tonk" title="Honky-tonk">Honky-tonk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">Rockabilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_soul" title="Southern soul">Southern soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_swing" title="Western swing">Western swing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_folk_music" title="Canadian folk music">Canadian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_fiddle" title="Canadian fiddle">Canadian fiddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_music_of_Canada" title="Indigenous music of Canada">Indigenous</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dene_music" title="Dene music">Dene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innu_music" title="Innu music">Innu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_music" title="Inuit music">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_fiddle" title="Métis fiddle">Métis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Canadian_cultures" title="Music of Canadian cultures">by ethnocultural group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_music_in_Canada" title="Celtic music in Canada">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French-Canadian_music" title="French-Canadian music">French</a></li></ul></li> <li>by region <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Canada%27s_Prairie_Provinces" title="Music of Canada's Prairie Provinces">Prairies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Quebec" title="Music of Quebec">Québécois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_fiddle" title="Quebec fiddle">Quebec fiddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9o-trad" title="Néo-trad">Néo-trad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Maritimes" title="Music of the Maritimes">Maritime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_fiddling" title="Cape Breton fiddling">Cape Breton fiddling</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_folk_music_traditions" title="List of Caribbean folk music traditions">Caribbean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_folk_music" title="Cuban folk music">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Haiti#Folk_music" title="Music of Haiti">Haitian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kontradans" title="Kontradans">Kontradans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_folk_music" title="Jamaican folk music">Jamaican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mento" title="Mento">Mento</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago#Folk_traditions" title="Music of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidadian and Tobagonian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cariso" title="Cariso">Cariso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chutney_music" title="Chutney music">Chutney</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chutney_parang" title="Chutney parang">Chutney parang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chutney_soca" title="Chutney soca">Chutney soca</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kaiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parang" title="Parang">Parang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soca_music" title="Soca music">Soca</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_American_folk_music_traditions" title="List of South American folk music traditions">South American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brazil#Indigenous_and_folk_music" title="Music of Brazil">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Chile#Chilean_folk_music" title="Music of Chile">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Venezuela#Folk" title="Music of Venezuela">Venezuelan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaita_zuliana" title="Gaita zuliana">Gaita zuliana</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oceanic_and_Australian_folk_music_traditions" title="List of Oceanic and Australian folk music traditions">Oceanian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Australia#Folk_music" title="Music of Australia">Australian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_folk_music" title="Australian folk music">White Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australian_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous Australian music">Indigenous Australian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Cook_Islands" title="Music of the Cook Islands">Cook Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Easter_Island" title="Music of Easter Island">Easter Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maori_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Maori music">Maori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Music of the Marshall Islands">Marshallese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Music of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Samoa" title="Music of Samoa">Samoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Solomon_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of the Solomon Islands">Solomon Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tahiti" title="Music of Tahiti">Tahitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tonga" title="Music of Tonga">Tongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tuvalu" title="Music of Tuvalu">Tuvaluan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_folk_music_traditions" title="List of Asian folk music traditions">Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bangladesh#Folk_music" title="Music of Bangladesh">Bangladeshi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhawaiya" title="Bhawaiya">Bhawaiya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bhutan#Folk_music" title="Music of Bhutan">Bhutanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toi_music" title="Toi music">Central Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_traditional_music" title="Chinese traditional music">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_music_(genre)" title="Guangdong music (genre)">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_hill_song" title="Hakka hill song">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangnan_sizhu" title="Jiangnan sizhu">Jingnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanguan_music" title="Nanguan music">Lâm-kóan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beiguan_music" title="Beiguan music">Pak-kóan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teochew_string_music" title="Teochew string music">Teochew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongguo_feng_(music)" title="Zhongguo feng (music)">Zhongguo feng</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_folk_music" title="Philippine folk music">Filipino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodabil" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodabil">Bodabil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundiman" title="Kundiman">Kundiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_sound" title="Manila sound">Manila sound</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_folk_music" title="Indian folk music">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamrupi_Lokgeet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamrupi Lokgeet">Kamrupi Lokgeet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasiya" title="Rasiya">Rasiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanedo" title="Sanedo">Sanedo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Indonesia#Folk_music" title="Music of Indonesia">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Japanese_music" title="Traditional Japanese music">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Min%27y%C5%8D" title="Min'yō">Min'yō</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_music_of_Korea" title="Traditional music of Korea">Korean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trot_(music)" title="Trot (music)">Trot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mongolia#Folk_music" title="Music of Mongolia">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nepal#Folk_music" title="Music of Nepal">Nepalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_folk_music" title="Pakistani folk music">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Vietnam#Folk_music" title="Music of Vietnam">Vietnamese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quan_h%E1%BB%8D" title="Quan họ">Quan họ</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_folk_music_traditions" title="List of European folk music traditions">European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_folk_music" title="Alpine folk music">Alpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Austria#Folk_music" title="Music of Austria">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narodna_muzika" class="mw-redirect" title="Narodna muzika">Balkan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Albania#Folk_music" title="Music of Albania">Albanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tallava" title="Tallava">Tallava</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina#Folk_music" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnian and Herzegovinan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sevdalinka" title="Sevdalinka">Sevdalinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starogradska_muzika" title="Starogradska muzika">Starogradska muzika</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bulgaria#Folk_music" title="Music of Bulgaria">Bulgarian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chalga" title="Chalga">Chalga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starogradska_muzika" title="Starogradska muzika">Starogradska muzika</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Croatia#Folk_music" title="Music of Croatia">Croatian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Starogradska_muzika" title="Starogradska muzika">Starogradska muzika</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_folk_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek folk music">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La%C3%AFko" title="Laïko">Laïko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebetiko" title="Rebetiko">Rebetiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsifteteli" title="Tsifteteli">Tsifteteli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_folk_music" title="Italian folk music">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kosovo#Folk_music" title="Music of Kosovo">Kosovan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tallava" title="Tallava">Tallava</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Montenegro#Music" title="Culture of Montenegro">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Macedonia#Folk_music" title="Music of North Macedonia">Macedonian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Calgija" title="Čalgija">Čalgija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starogradska_muzika" title="Starogradska muzika">Starogradska muzika</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_music" title="Romani music">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Romania#Folk_music" title="Music of Romania">Romanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manele" title="Manele">Manele</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_folk_music" title="Serbian folk music">Serbian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_brass" title="Balkan brass">Balkan brass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starogradska_muzika" title="Starogradska muzika">Starogradska muzika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbo-folk" title="Turbo-folk">Turbo-folk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Slovenia#Folk_music" title="Music of Slovenia">Slovenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_folk_music" title="Turkish folk music">Turkish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_blues" title="Anatolian blues">Anatolian blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_rock" title="Anatolian rock">Anatolian rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabesque_(Turkish_music)" title="Arabesque (Turkish music)">Arabesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantezi" title="Fantezi">Fantezi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsifteteli" title="Tsifteteli">Tsifteteli</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Belarus#Folk_music" title="Music of Belarus">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brittany" title="Music of Brittany">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_music" title="Celtic music">Celtic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_fusion" title="Celtic fusion">Celtic fusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_metal" title="Celtic metal">Celtic metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_punk" title="Celtic punk">Celtic punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_rock" title="Celtic rock">Celtic rock</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_folk_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech folk music">Czech</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_traditional_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Moravian traditional music">Moravian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polka" title="Polka">Polka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_traditional_music" title="Danish traditional music">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Netherlands#Folk_music" title="Music of the Netherlands">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_folk_music" title="English folk music">English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hornpipe" title="Hornpipe">Hornpipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jig" title="Jig">Jigs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_dance" title="Morris dance">Morris dance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Estonia#Folk_music" title="Music of Estonia">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Finland#Folk_music" title="Music of Finland">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_folk_music" title="French folk music">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Germany#Folk_music" title="Music of Germany">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_folk_music" title="Hungarian folk music">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_folk_music" title="Icelandic folk music">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_traditional_music" title="Irish traditional music">Irish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_folk_music" title="Gaelic folk music">Gaelic folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornpipe" title="Hornpipe">Hornpipe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Latvia#Folk_music" title="Music of Latvia">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Lithuania#Folk_music" title="Music of Lithuania">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Malta#Folk_music" title="Music of Malta">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Norway#Folk_music" title="Music of Norway">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Poland#Traditional_folk_music" title="Music of Poland">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek_music" title="Pontic Greek music">Pontic Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Portugal#Folk_music" title="Music of Portugal">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_folk_music#Authentic_folk_music" title="Russian folk music">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_folk_music" title="Scottish folk music">Scottish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_folk_music" title="Gaelic folk music">Gaelic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Slovenia#Folk_music" title="Music of Slovenia">Slovenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Spain#Folk_music" title="Music of Spain">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_folk_music" title="Swedish folk music">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Switzerland#Folk_music" title="Music of Switzerland">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_folk_music" title="Ukrainian folk music">Ukrainian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cossack_songs" title="Cossack songs">Cossack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumka_(musical_genre)" title="Dumka (musical genre)">Dumka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Wales#Folk_music" title="Music of Wales">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Middle_Eastern_and_North_African_folk_music_traditions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Middle Eastern and North African folk music traditions">Middle Eastern and<br />North African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_folk_music" title="Armenian folk music">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_folk/pop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian folk/pop music">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_folk_music" title="Azerbaijani folk music">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Egypt#Folk_and_roots_revival" title="Music of Egypt">Egyptian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fantezi" title="Fantezi">Fantezi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_folk_music" title="Iranian folk music">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Israel#Land_of_Israel_style" title="Music of Israel">Israeli</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Klezmer" title="Klezmer">Klezmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_music" title="Mizrahi music">Mizrahi music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek_music" title="Pontic Greek music">Pontic Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_folk_music" title="Turkish folk music">Turkish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_blues" title="Anatolian blues">Anatolian blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_rock" title="Anatolian rock">Anatolian rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabesque_(Turkish_music)" title="Arabesque (Turkish music)">Arabesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsifteteli" title="Tsifteteli">Tsifteteli</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related <br /> articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_folk_music" title="Contemporary folk music">20th-century Western folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acoustic_music" title="Acoustic music">Acoustic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filk_music" title="Filk music">Filk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Folk_festivals" title="Category:Folk festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_club" title="Folk club">Folk clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_dance" title="Folk dance">Folk dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_instrument" title="Folk instrument">Instruments</a></li> <li>List <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_folk_song_collections" title="List of folk song collections">Collections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_folk_songs_by_Roud_number" title="List of folk songs by Roud number">Roud number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_Child_Ballads" title="List of the Child Ballads">Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Malcolm_Laws" title="George Malcolm Laws">Laws numbers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_country" title="Outlaw country">Outlaw country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">Progressive rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pub_session" title="Pub session">Pub session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Folk_record_labels" title="Category:Folk record labels">Record labels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roots_revival" title="Roots revival">Roots revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_music" title="World music">World music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Worldbeat" title="Worldbeat">Worldbeat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_music" title="History of music">History of music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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