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id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tor di Nona</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Tor_di_Nona" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Tor_di_Nona" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Language</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Tor+di+Nona" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Watch</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Tor_di_Nona&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teatro_Apollo&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Teatro Apollo">Teatro Apollo</a>)</span></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p>The <b>Tor di Nona</b> is a neighborhood in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Rioni_of_Rome" title="Rioni of Rome">rione</a></i> <i><a href="/wiki/Ponte_(rione_of_Rome)" title="Ponte (rione of Rome)">Ponte</a></i>. It lies in the heart of the city's historic center, between the <i><a href="/wiki/Via_dei_Coronari" title="Via dei Coronari">Via dei Coronari</a></i> and the <a href="/wiki/Tiber_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiber River">Tiber River</a>. Its name commemorates the <b>Torre dell'Annona</b>, a mediaeval tower which once stood there and was later converted into one of the city's most important theatres, the <b>Teatro Tordinona</b>, later called the <b>Teatro Apollo</b>. </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tor_di_Nona_-_watercolour_by_Ettore_Roesler_Franz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Tor_di_Nona_-_watercolour_by_Ettore_Roesler_Franz.jpg/330px-Tor_di_Nona_-_watercolour_by_Ettore_Roesler_Franz.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Tor_di_Nona_-_watercolour_by_Ettore_Roesler_Franz.jpg/495px-Tor_di_Nona_-_watercolour_by_Ettore_Roesler_Franz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Tor_di_Nona_-_watercolour_by_Ettore_Roesler_Franz.jpg/660px-Tor_di_Nona_-_watercolour_by_Ettore_Roesler_Franz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1781" data-file-height="1239"></a><figcaption>Houses in Tor di Nona <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1880</span>, watercolour by <a href="/wiki/Ettore_Roesler_Franz" title="Ettore Roesler Franz">Ettore Roesler Franz</a></figcaption></figure> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Early_history"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Early history</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Theatre"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Theatre</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Later_history"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Later history</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Tor_di_Nona&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Tor_di_Nona&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early history" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The Torre dell'Annona was a medieval stronghold of the <a href="/wiki/Orsini_family" title="Orsini family">Orsini family</a> and from the early 15th century acted as a pontifical prison. Prisoners included <a href="/wiki/Benevenuto_Cellini" class="mw-redirect" title="Benevenuto Cellini">Benevenuto Cellini</a> who experienced the dungeon's lightless cells, one of which was known as "the pit", <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Cenci" title="Beatrice Cenci">Beatrice Cenci</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Giordano_Bruno" title="Giordano Bruno">Giordano Bruno</a> who was imprisoned here before being burned alive in <a href="/wiki/Campo_de%27_Fiori" title="Campo de' Fiori">Campo de' Fiori</a>. In 1659-1660, it was used during the infamous <a href="/wiki/Spana_Prosecution" title="Spana Prosecution">Spana Prosecution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Monson,_Craig_A._1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monson,_Craig_A.-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatre">Theatre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Tor_di_Nona&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Theatre" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>When the New Prison (<i>Le <a href="/wiki/Carceri_Nuove" title="Carceri Nuove">Carceri Nuove</a></i>) was built in <i><a href="/wiki/Via_Giulia" title="Via Giulia">Via Giulia</a></i>, Tor di Nona was rebuilt in 1667 as a theatre patronized by <a href="/wiki/Queen_Christina_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Christina of Sweden">Queen Christina of Sweden</a> and the best Roman company. In January 1671 Rome's first public theatre opened in the former jail.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Teatro Tordinona was inaugurated in January 1671 with the opera <i>Scipione Affricano</i> by <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Cavalli" title="Francesco Cavalli">Francesco Cavalli</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Antonia_Coresi" title="Antonia Coresi">Antonia Coresi</a> as <a href="/wiki/Scipione" title="Scipione">Scipione</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medea" title="Medea">Medea</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angelica_Quadrelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angelica Quadrelli (page does not exist)">Angelica Quadrelli</a> as <a href="/wiki/Sophonisba" title="Sophonisba">Sofonisba</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isifile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isifile (page does not exist)">Isifile</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the opening <i><a href="/wiki/Scipione_affricano" title="Scipione affricano">Scipione affricano</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Cavalli" title="Francesco Cavalli">Francesco Cavalli</a> was performed; also operas by <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Sartorio" title="Antonio Sartorio">Antonio Sartorio</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Antonio_Boretto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giovanni Antonio Boretto (page does not exist)">Giovanni Antonio Boretto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Maria_Pagliardi" title="Giovanni Maria Pagliardi">Giovanni Maria Pagliardi</a>. <a href="/wiki/Filippo_Acciaiuoli" title="Filippo Acciaiuoli">Filippo Acciaiuoli</a> was the first director. The new pope <a href="/wiki/Clement_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Clement X">Clement X</a> worried about the influence of theatre on public morals. When <a href="/wiki/Innocent_XI" class="mw-redirect" title="Innocent XI">Innocent XI</a> became pope, things turned even worse; he made Christina's theatre into a storeroom for grain, although he had been a frequent guest in her royal box with the other cardinals.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He forbade women to perform with song or acting, and the wearing of decolleté dresses. Christina considered this sheer nonsense, and let women perform in her palace.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are many perhaps unexecuted drawings for it by <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Fontana" title="Carlo Fontana">Carlo Fontana</a>, bound in an album which passed into the hands of Scottish architect <a href="/wiki/Robert_Adam" title="Robert Adam">Robert Adam</a>, now at <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Soane%27s_Museum" title="Sir John Soane's Museum">Sir John Soane's Museum</a>, London (<i>Concise Catalogue</i>). The theater suffered the fires and rebuildings that theaters are prone to, and was finally swept away when the embankments of the Tiber (<i>lungoteveri</i>) were built in 1888; this section was named <i>Lungotevere Tor di Nona</i>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ponte_-_memoria_del_teatro_Apollo_a_Tor_di_Nona_1000649.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Ponte_-_memoria_del_teatro_Apollo_a_Tor_di_Nona_1000649.JPG/220px-Ponte_-_memoria_del_teatro_Apollo_a_Tor_di_Nona_1000649.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 293px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Ponte_-_memoria_del_teatro_Apollo_a_Tor_di_Nona_1000649.JPG/220px-Ponte_-_memoria_del_teatro_Apollo_a_Tor_di_Nona_1000649.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="293" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Ponte_-_memoria_del_teatro_Apollo_a_Tor_di_Nona_1000649.JPG/330px-Ponte_-_memoria_del_teatro_Apollo_a_Tor_di_Nona_1000649.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Ponte_-_memoria_del_teatro_Apollo_a_Tor_di_Nona_1000649.JPG/440px-Ponte_-_memoria_del_teatro_Apollo_a_Tor_di_Nona_1000649.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Memorial to the Teatro Apollo</figcaption></figure> <p>A free-standing white marble fountain (1925) memorializes the theater in its late-18th century transformation as the Teatro Apollo, with suitable theatrical masks, and a small trickle of water into a massive sarcophagus, in the somewhat theatrical classical style of <a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_III_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Emmanuel III of Italy">Vittorio Emmanuele III</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a>. As the Teatro Apollo, the largest lyric theater of Rome, the site witnessed the world premieres of two operas of <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Giuseppe Verdi</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Il_Trovatore" class="mw-redirect" title="Il Trovatore">Il Trovatore</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Un_Ballo_in_Maschera" class="mw-redirect" title="Un Ballo in Maschera">Un Ballo in Maschera</a></i>. </p><p>Now nothing is left of the original tower nor of the theatre but their name, although in the early 1930s a smaller theatre bearing the name Teatro Tordinona was built on the <i>Via degli Acquasparta</i>, near the original site. It remains a going concern, presenting works by <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Pirandello" title="Luigi Pirandello">Luigi Pirandello</a> and contemporary theater.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_history">Later history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Tor_di_Nona&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later history" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>At the end of the 19th century, the neighborhood was partially destroyed because of the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Lungotevere" title="Lungotevere">Lungotevere</a>, the alleys bordering the river. The whole north side of the street was pulled down, including buildings like the Teatro Apollo and the palazzo del Cardinale di Parma. Another blow came in the 1910s with the construction of via Zanardelli, which cut the thousand-year link with Via di Monte Brianzo. This accelerated the decay of the quarter, which in the 1940s became part of a development plan as part of the <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascist</a> demolition strategy in Rome. As in <a href="/wiki/Borgo_(rione_of_Rome)" title="Borgo (rione of Rome)">Borgo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Via_Giulia" title="Via Giulia">Via Giulia</a>, this work was halted by <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. During the last years of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the Roman "mercato nero" (<a href="/wiki/Black_market" title="Black market">black market</a>) was located in the Tor di Nona quarter. In the postwar years, although the population had already left the quarter, a strong press campaign led by journalists like Antonio Cederna and intellectuals like <a href="/wiki/Italo_Insolera" title="Italo Insolera">Italo Insolera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Carlo_Argan" title="Giulio Carlo Argan">Giulio Carlo Argan</a> saved Tor di Nona from destruction. From that time until the present, the centre of Rome has been protected against further destruction. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Tor_di_Nona&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Monson,_Craig_A.-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Monson,_Craig_A._1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Monson, Craig A.: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8-r5DwAAQBAJ&dq=Giulia+Tofana+rome&pg=PA204">The Black Widows of the Eternal City: The True Story of Rome’s Most Infamous poisoners</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Early Music History: Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Music By Iain Fenlon <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=81ZwlEGrpL4C&dq=Sebastiano+Baldini+Christina&pg=PA222">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Zilli, Anna, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-muKDwAAQBAJ">Drottning Kristinas sångerskor: en omvälvande kraft i Roms musikliv 1655-1689</a></i>, Nordic Academic Press, Lund, 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Teatro Tordinona (official website). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.teatrotordinona.it/cennistorici.html">"Cenni storici"</a>. Retrieved 28 December 2014 <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Tor_di_Nona&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.romasotterranea.it/fontana-di-tor-di-nona.html">Roma Sotterranea: Fountain of Tor di Nona</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050314092138/http://www.geocities.com/Paris/Arc/5319/rione05.htm">Rome's Historical Districts: Rione V</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050515002121/http://www.soane.org/cgi-bin/catalogue.cgi?id=898&func=record">Sir John Soane's Museum, Concise Catalogue of Drawings</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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