CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" class="wf-loading"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb# academia: https://ogp.me/ns/fb/academia#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <title>Nick Bosio | The Australian National University - Academia.edu</title>  <link href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-production.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script> window.performance && window.performance.measure && window.performance.measure("Time To First Byte", "requestStart", "responseStart"); </script> <script> (function() { if (!window.URLSearchParams || !window.history || !window.history.replaceState) { return; } var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var paramsToDelete = [ 'fs', 'sm', 'swp', 'iid', 'nbs', 'rcc', // related content category 'rcpos', // related content carousel position 'rcpg', // related carousel page 'rchid', // related content hit id 'f_ri', // research interest id, for SEO tracking 'f_fri', // featured research interest, for SEO tracking (param key without value) 'f_rid', // from research interest directory for SEO tracking 'f_loswp', // from research interest pills on LOSWP sidebar for SEO tracking 'rhid', // referrring hit id ]; if (paramsToDelete.every((key) => searchParams.get(key) === null)) { return; } paramsToDelete.forEach((key) => { searchParams.delete(key); }); var cleanUrl = new URL(window.location.href); cleanUrl.search = searchParams.toString(); history.replaceState({}, document.title, cleanUrl); })(); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "profiles/works", 'action': "summary", 'controller_action': 'profiles/works#summary', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.sendUserTiming = function(timingName) { if (!(window.performance && window.performance.measure)) return; var entries = window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName, "measure"); if (entries.length !== 1) return; var timingValue = Math.round(entries[0].duration); gtag('event', 'timing_complete', { name: timingName, value: timingValue, event_category: 'User-centric', }); }; window.sendUserTiming("Time To First Byte"); </script> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="MSM2XEoGznnDYMPQUq1ThrV9vmr9fLuEY4IqpwbLtUcTdlKuXCsQiNKR1YVgUsY8dvyqxu6vGlc7KAoUYoz6bA" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow-3d36c19b4875b226bfed0fcba1dcea3f2fe61148383d97c0465c016b8c969290.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/social/home-79e78ce59bef0a338eb6540ec3d93b4a7952115b56c57f1760943128f4544d42.css" /><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ProfilePage","mainEntity":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Nick Bosio","url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/NickBosio","image":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10244984/3139573/66704692/s200_nick.bosio.jpg","sameAs":[]},"dateCreated":"2014-03-18T19:54:46-07:00","dateModified":"2024-05-19T20:15:17-07:00","name":"Nick Bosio","description":"","image":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10244984/3139573/66704692/s200_nick.bosio.jpg","thumbnailUrl":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10244984/3139573/66704692/s65_nick.bosio.jpg","primaryImageOfPage":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10244984/3139573/66704692/s200_nick.bosio.jpg","width":200},"sameAs":[],"relatedLink":"https://www.academia.edu/128233813/On_Strategic_Art_A_Guide_to_Strategic_Thinking_and_The_Australian_Strategy_Formulation_Framework"}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/heading-95367dc03b794f6737f30123738a886cf53b7a65cdef98a922a98591d60063e3.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-8c9ae4b5c8a2531640c354d92a1f3579c8ff103277ef74913e34c8a76d4e6c00.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-170d1319f0e354621e81ca17054bb147da2856ec0702fe440a99af314a6338c5.css" /><style type="text/css">@media(max-width: 567px){:root{--token-mode: Parity;--dropshadow: 0 2px 4px 0 #22223340;--primary-brand: #0645b1;--error-dark: #b60000;--success-dark: #05b01c;--inactive-fill: #ebebee;--hover: #0c3b8d;--pressed: #082f75;--button-primary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-primary-fill: #0645b1;--button-primary-text: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-primary-fill-press: #082f75;--button-primary-icon: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-inverse: #ffffff;--button-primary-text-inverse: #082f75;--button-primary-icon-inverse: #0645b1;--button-primary-fill-inverse-hover: #cddaef;--button-primary-stroke-inverse-pressed: #0645b1;--button-secondary-stroke-inactive: #b1b1ba;--button-secondary-fill: #eef2f9;--button-secondary-text: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-press: #cddaef;--button-secondary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-secondary-stroke: #cddaef;--button-secondary-stroke-hover: #386ac1;--button-secondary-stroke-press: #0645b1;--button-secondary-text-inactive: #b1b1ba;--button-secondary-icon: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-hover: #e6ecf7;--button-secondary-stroke-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-fill-inverse: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);--button-secondary-icon-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-icon-hover: #082f75;--button-secondary-icon-press: #082f75;--button-secondary-text-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-text-hover: #082f75;--button-secondary-text-press: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-inverse-hover: #043059;--button-xs-stroke: #141413;--button-xs-stroke-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-stroke-press: #082f75;--button-xs-stroke-inactive: #ebebee;--button-xs-text: #141413;--button-xs-text-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-text-press: #082f75;--button-xs-text-inactive: #91919e;--button-xs-icon: #141413;--button-xs-icon-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-icon-press: #082f75;--button-xs-icon-inactive: #91919e;--button-xs-fill: #ffffff;--button-xs-fill-hover: #f4f7fc;--button-xs-fill-press: #eef2f9;--buttons-button-text-inactive: #91919e;--buttons-button-focus: #0645b1;--buttons-button-icon-inactive: #91919e;--buttons-small-buttons-corner-radius: 8px;--buttons-small-buttons-l-r-padding: 12px;--buttons-small-buttons-height: 44px;--buttons-small-buttons-gap: 8px;--buttons-small-buttons-icon-only-width: 44px;--buttons-small-buttons-icon-size: 20px;--buttons-small-buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-small-buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--buttons-large-buttons-l-r-padding: 20px;--buttons-large-buttons-height: 54px;--buttons-large-buttons-icon-only-width: 54px;--buttons-large-buttons-icon-size: 20px;--buttons-large-buttons-gap: 8px;--buttons-large-buttons-corner-radius: 8px;--buttons-large-buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-large-buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-l-r-padding: 8px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-height: 32px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-icon-size: 16px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-gap: 4px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-corner-radius: 8px;--buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--background-beige: #f9f7f4;--error-light: #fff2f2;--text-placeholder: #6d6d7d;--stroke-dark: #141413;--stroke-light: #dddde2;--stroke-medium: #535366;--accent-green: #ccffd4;--accent-turquoise: #ccf7ff;--accent-yellow: #f7ffcc;--accent-peach: #ffd4cc;--accent-violet: #f7ccff;--accent-purple: #f4f7fc;--text-primary: #141413;--secondary-brand: #141413;--text-hover: #0c3b8d;--text-white: #ffffff;--text-link: #0645b1;--text-press: #082f75;--success-light: #f0f8f1;--background-light-blue: #eef2f9;--background-white: #ffffff;--premium-dark: #877440;--premium-light: #f9f6ed;--stroke-white: #ffffff;--inactive-content: #b1b1ba;--annotate-light: #a35dff;--annotate-dark: #824acc;--grid: #eef2f9;--inactive-stroke: #ebebee;--shadow: rgba(34, 34, 51, 0.25);--text-inactive: #6d6d7d;--text-error: #b60000;--stroke-error: #b60000;--background-error: #fff2f2;--background-black: #141413;--icon-default: #141413;--icon-blue: #0645b1;--background-grey: #dddde2;--icon-grey: #b1b1ba;--text-focus: #082f75;--brand-colors-neutral-black: #141413;--brand-colors-neutral-900: #535366;--brand-colors-neutral-800: #6d6d7d;--brand-colors-neutral-700: #91919e;--brand-colors-neutral-600: #b1b1ba;--brand-colors-neutral-500: #c8c8cf;--brand-colors-neutral-400: #dddde2;--brand-colors-neutral-300: #ebebee;--brand-colors-neutral-200: #f8f8fb;--brand-colors-neutral-100: #fafafa;--brand-colors-neutral-white: #ffffff;--brand-colors-blue-900: #043059;--brand-colors-blue-800: #082f75;--brand-colors-blue-700: #0c3b8d;--brand-colors-blue-600: #0645b1;--brand-colors-blue-500: #386ac1;--brand-colors-blue-400: #cddaef;--brand-colors-blue-300: #e6ecf7;--brand-colors-blue-200: #eef2f9;--brand-colors-blue-100: #f4f7fc;--brand-colors-gold-500: #877440;--brand-colors-gold-400: #e9e3d4;--brand-colors-gold-300: #f2efe8;--brand-colors-gold-200: #f9f6ed;--brand-colors-gold-100: #f9f7f4;--brand-colors-error-900: #920000;--brand-colors-error-500: #b60000;--brand-colors-success-900: #035c0f;--brand-colors-green: #ccffd4;--brand-colors-turquoise: #ccf7ff;--brand-colors-yellow: #f7ffcc;--brand-colors-peach: #ffd4cc;--brand-colors-violet: #f7ccff;--brand-colors-error-100: #fff2f2;--brand-colors-success-500: #05b01c;--brand-colors-success-100: #f0f8f1;--text-secondary: #535366;--icon-white: #ffffff;--background-beige-darker: #f2efe8;--icon-dark-grey: #535366;--type-font-family-sans-serif: Roboto;--type-font-family-serif: Georgia;--type-font-family-mono: IBM Plex Mono;--type-weights-300: 300;--type-weights-400: 400;--type-weights-500: 500;--type-weights-700: 700;--type-sizes-12: 12px;--type-sizes-14: 14px;--type-sizes-16: 16px;--type-sizes-18: 18px;--type-sizes-20: 20px;--type-sizes-22: 22px;--type-sizes-24: 24px;--type-sizes-28: 28px;--type-sizes-30: 30px;--type-sizes-32: 32px;--type-sizes-40: 40px;--type-sizes-42: 42px;--type-sizes-48-2: 48px;--type-line-heights-16: 16px;--type-line-heights-20: 20px;--type-line-heights-23: 23px;--type-line-heights-24: 24px;--type-line-heights-25: 25px;--type-line-heights-26: 26px;--type-line-heights-29: 29px;--type-line-heights-30: 30px;--type-line-heights-32: 32px;--type-line-heights-34: 34px;--type-line-heights-35: 35px;--type-line-heights-36: 36px;--type-line-heights-38: 38px;--type-line-heights-40: 40px;--type-line-heights-46: 46px;--type-line-heights-48: 48px;--type-line-heights-52: 52px;--type-line-heights-58: 58px;--type-line-heights-68: 68px;--type-line-heights-74: 74px;--type-line-heights-82: 82px;--type-paragraph-spacings-0: 0px;--type-paragraph-spacings-4: 4px;--type-paragraph-spacings-8: 8px;--type-paragraph-spacings-16: 16px;--type-sans-serif-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-xl-size: 32px;--type-sans-serif-xl-line-height: 46px;--type-sans-serif-xl-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-lg-size: 30px;--type-sans-serif-lg-line-height: 36px;--type-sans-serif-lg-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-md-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-md-line-height: 30px;--type-sans-serif-md-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-md-size: 24px;--type-sans-serif-xs-font-weight: 700;--type-sans-serif-xs-line-height: 24px;--type-sans-serif-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-sans-serif-xs-size: 18px;--type-sans-serif-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-sm-line-height: 32px;--type-sans-serif-sm-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-sm-size: 20px;--type-body-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-body-xl-size: 24px;--type-body-xl-line-height: 36px;--type-body-xl-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-body-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-body-sm-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-body-xs-font-weight: 400;--type-body-xs-size: 12px;--type-body-xs-line-height: 16px;--type-body-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-body-md-font-weight: 400;--type-body-md-size: 16px;--type-body-md-line-height: 20px;--type-body-md-paragraph-spacing: 4px;--type-body-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-body-lg-size: 20px;--type-body-lg-line-height: 26px;--type-body-lg-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-body-lg-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-lg-medium-size: 20px;--type-body-lg-medium-line-height: 32px;--type-body-lg-medium-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-body-md-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-md-medium-size: 16px;--type-body-md-medium-line-height: 20px;--type-body-md-medium-paragraph-spacing: 4px;--type-body-sm-bold-font-weight: 700;--type-body-sm-bold-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-bold-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-bold-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-body-sm-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-sm-medium-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-medium-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-medium-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-serif-md-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-md-size: 32px;--type-serif-md-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-md-line-height: 40px;--type-serif-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-sm-size: 24px;--type-serif-sm-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-sm-line-height: 26px;--type-serif-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-lg-size: 48px;--type-serif-lg-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-lg-line-height: 52px;--type-serif-xs-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-xs-size: 18px;--type-serif-xs-line-height: 24px;--type-serif-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-xl-size: 48px;--type-serif-xl-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-xl-line-height: 58px;--type-mono-md-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-md-size: 22px;--type-mono-md-line-height: 24px;--type-mono-md-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-mono-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-lg-size: 40px;--type-mono-lg-line-height: 40px;--type-mono-lg-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-mono-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-sm-size: 14px;--type-mono-sm-line-height: 24px;--type-mono-sm-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--spacing-xs-4: 4px;--spacing-xs-8: 8px;--spacing-xs-16: 16px;--spacing-sm-24: 24px;--spacing-sm-32: 32px;--spacing-md-40: 40px;--spacing-md-48: 48px;--spacing-lg-64: 64px;--spacing-lg-80: 80px;--spacing-xlg-104: 104px;--spacing-xlg-152: 152px;--spacing-xs-12: 12px;--spacing-page-section: 80px;--spacing-card-list-spacing: 48px;--spacing-text-section-spacing: 64px;--spacing-md-xs-headings: 40px;--corner-radius-radius-lg: 16px;--corner-radius-radius-sm: 4px;--corner-radius-radius-md: 8px;--corner-radius-radius-round: 104px}}@media(min-width: 568px)and (max-width: 1279px){:root{--token-mode: Parity;--dropshadow: 0 2px 4px 0 #22223340;--primary-brand: #0645b1;--error-dark: #b60000;--success-dark: #05b01c;--inactive-fill: #ebebee;--hover: #0c3b8d;--pressed: #082f75;--button-primary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-primary-fill: #0645b1;--button-primary-text: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-primary-fill-press: #082f75;--button-primary-icon: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-inverse: #ffffff;--button-primary-text-inverse: #082f75;--button-primary-icon-inverse: #0645b1;--button-primary-fill-inverse-hover: #cddaef;--button-primary-stroke-inverse-pressed: #0645b1;--button-secondary-stroke-inactive: #b1b1ba;--button-secondary-fill: #eef2f9;--button-secondary-text: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-press: #cddaef;--button-secondary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-secondary-stroke: #cddaef;--button-secondary-stroke-hover: #386ac1;--button-secondary-stroke-press: #0645b1;--button-secondary-text-inactive: #b1b1ba;--button-secondary-icon: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-hover: #e6ecf7;--button-secondary-stroke-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-fill-inverse: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);--button-secondary-icon-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-icon-hover: #082f75;--button-secondary-icon-press: #082f75;--button-secondary-text-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-text-hover: #082f75;--button-secondary-text-press: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-inverse-hover: #043059;--button-xs-stroke: #141413;--button-xs-stroke-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-stroke-press: #082f75;--button-xs-stroke-inactive: #ebebee;--button-xs-text: #141413;--button-xs-text-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-text-press: #082f75;--button-xs-text-inactive: #91919e;--button-xs-icon: #141413;--button-xs-icon-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-icon-press: #082f75;--button-xs-icon-inactive: #91919e;--button-xs-fill: #ffffff;--button-xs-fill-hover: #f4f7fc;--button-xs-fill-press: #eef2f9;--buttons-button-text-inactive: #91919e;--buttons-button-focus: #0645b1;--buttons-button-icon-inactive: #91919e;--buttons-small-buttons-corner-radius: 8px;--buttons-small-buttons-l-r-padding: 12px;--buttons-small-buttons-height: 44px;--buttons-small-buttons-gap: 8px;--buttons-small-buttons-icon-only-width: 44px;--buttons-small-buttons-icon-size: 20px;--buttons-small-buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-small-buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--buttons-large-buttons-l-r-padding: 20px;--buttons-large-buttons-height: 54px;--buttons-large-buttons-icon-only-width: 54px;--buttons-large-buttons-icon-size: 20px;--buttons-large-buttons-gap: 8px;--buttons-large-buttons-corner-radius: 8px;--buttons-large-buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-large-buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-l-r-padding: 8px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-height: 32px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-icon-size: 16px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-gap: 4px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-corner-radius: 8px;--buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--background-beige: #f9f7f4;--error-light: #fff2f2;--text-placeholder: #6d6d7d;--stroke-dark: #141413;--stroke-light: #dddde2;--stroke-medium: #535366;--accent-green: #ccffd4;--accent-turquoise: #ccf7ff;--accent-yellow: #f7ffcc;--accent-peach: #ffd4cc;--accent-violet: #f7ccff;--accent-purple: #f4f7fc;--text-primary: #141413;--secondary-brand: #141413;--text-hover: #0c3b8d;--text-white: #ffffff;--text-link: #0645b1;--text-press: #082f75;--success-light: #f0f8f1;--background-light-blue: #eef2f9;--background-white: #ffffff;--premium-dark: #877440;--premium-light: #f9f6ed;--stroke-white: #ffffff;--inactive-content: #b1b1ba;--annotate-light: #a35dff;--annotate-dark: #824acc;--grid: #eef2f9;--inactive-stroke: #ebebee;--shadow: rgba(34, 34, 51, 0.25);--text-inactive: #6d6d7d;--text-error: #b60000;--stroke-error: #b60000;--background-error: #fff2f2;--background-black: #141413;--icon-default: #141413;--icon-blue: #0645b1;--background-grey: #dddde2;--icon-grey: #b1b1ba;--text-focus: #082f75;--brand-colors-neutral-black: #141413;--brand-colors-neutral-900: #535366;--brand-colors-neutral-800: #6d6d7d;--brand-colors-neutral-700: #91919e;--brand-colors-neutral-600: #b1b1ba;--brand-colors-neutral-500: #c8c8cf;--brand-colors-neutral-400: #dddde2;--brand-colors-neutral-300: #ebebee;--brand-colors-neutral-200: #f8f8fb;--brand-colors-neutral-100: #fafafa;--brand-colors-neutral-white: #ffffff;--brand-colors-blue-900: #043059;--brand-colors-blue-800: #082f75;--brand-colors-blue-700: #0c3b8d;--brand-colors-blue-600: #0645b1;--brand-colors-blue-500: #386ac1;--brand-colors-blue-400: #cddaef;--brand-colors-blue-300: #e6ecf7;--brand-colors-blue-200: #eef2f9;--brand-colors-blue-100: #f4f7fc;--brand-colors-gold-500: #877440;--brand-colors-gold-400: #e9e3d4;--brand-colors-gold-300: #f2efe8;--brand-colors-gold-200: #f9f6ed;--brand-colors-gold-100: #f9f7f4;--brand-colors-error-900: #920000;--brand-colors-error-500: #b60000;--brand-colors-success-900: #035c0f;--brand-colors-green: #ccffd4;--brand-colors-turquoise: #ccf7ff;--brand-colors-yellow: #f7ffcc;--brand-colors-peach: #ffd4cc;--brand-colors-violet: #f7ccff;--brand-colors-error-100: #fff2f2;--brand-colors-success-500: #05b01c;--brand-colors-success-100: #f0f8f1;--text-secondary: #535366;--icon-white: #ffffff;--background-beige-darker: #f2efe8;--icon-dark-grey: #535366;--type-font-family-sans-serif: Roboto;--type-font-family-serif: Georgia;--type-font-family-mono: IBM Plex Mono;--type-weights-300: 300;--type-weights-400: 400;--type-weights-500: 500;--type-weights-700: 700;--type-sizes-12: 12px;--type-sizes-14: 14px;--type-sizes-16: 16px;--type-sizes-18: 18px;--type-sizes-20: 20px;--type-sizes-22: 22px;--type-sizes-24: 24px;--type-sizes-28: 28px;--type-sizes-30: 30px;--type-sizes-32: 32px;--type-sizes-40: 40px;--type-sizes-42: 42px;--type-sizes-48-2: 48px;--type-line-heights-16: 16px;--type-line-heights-20: 20px;--type-line-heights-23: 23px;--type-line-heights-24: 24px;--type-line-heights-25: 25px;--type-line-heights-26: 26px;--type-line-heights-29: 29px;--type-line-heights-30: 30px;--type-line-heights-32: 32px;--type-line-heights-34: 34px;--type-line-heights-35: 35px;--type-line-heights-36: 36px;--type-line-heights-38: 38px;--type-line-heights-40: 40px;--type-line-heights-46: 46px;--type-line-heights-48: 48px;--type-line-heights-52: 52px;--type-line-heights-58: 58px;--type-line-heights-68: 68px;--type-line-heights-74: 74px;--type-line-heights-82: 82px;--type-paragraph-spacings-0: 0px;--type-paragraph-spacings-4: 4px;--type-paragraph-spacings-8: 8px;--type-paragraph-spacings-16: 16px;--type-sans-serif-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-xl-size: 42px;--type-sans-serif-xl-line-height: 46px;--type-sans-serif-xl-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-lg-size: 32px;--type-sans-serif-lg-line-height: 36px;--type-sans-serif-lg-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-md-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-md-line-height: 34px;--type-sans-serif-md-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-md-size: 28px;--type-sans-serif-xs-font-weight: 700;--type-sans-serif-xs-line-height: 25px;--type-sans-serif-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-sans-serif-xs-size: 20px;--type-sans-serif-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-sm-line-height: 30px;--type-sans-serif-sm-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-sm-size: 24px;--type-body-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-body-xl-size: 24px;--type-body-xl-line-height: 36px;--type-body-xl-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-body-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-body-sm-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-body-xs-font-weight: 400;--type-body-xs-size: 12px;--type-body-xs-line-height: 16px;--type-body-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-body-md-font-weight: 400;--type-body-md-size: 16px;--type-body-md-line-height: 20px;--type-body-md-paragraph-spacing: 4px;--type-body-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-body-lg-size: 20px;--type-body-lg-line-height: 26px;--type-body-lg-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-body-lg-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-lg-medium-size: 20px;--type-body-lg-medium-line-height: 32px;--type-body-lg-medium-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-body-md-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-md-medium-size: 16px;--type-body-md-medium-line-height: 20px;--type-body-md-medium-paragraph-spacing: 4px;--type-body-sm-bold-font-weight: 700;--type-body-sm-bold-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-bold-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-bold-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-body-sm-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-sm-medium-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-medium-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-medium-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-serif-md-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-md-size: 40px;--type-serif-md-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-md-line-height: 48px;--type-serif-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-sm-size: 28px;--type-serif-sm-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-sm-line-height: 32px;--type-serif-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-lg-size: 58px;--type-serif-lg-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-lg-line-height: 68px;--type-serif-xs-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-xs-size: 18px;--type-serif-xs-line-height: 24px;--type-serif-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-xl-size: 74px;--type-serif-xl-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-xl-line-height: 82px;--type-mono-md-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-md-size: 22px;--type-mono-md-line-height: 24px;--type-mono-md-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-mono-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-lg-size: 40px;--type-mono-lg-line-height: 40px;--type-mono-lg-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-mono-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-sm-size: 14px;--type-mono-sm-line-height: 24px;--type-mono-sm-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--spacing-xs-4: 4px;--spacing-xs-8: 8px;--spacing-xs-16: 16px;--spacing-sm-24: 24px;--spacing-sm-32: 32px;--spacing-md-40: 40px;--spacing-md-48: 48px;--spacing-lg-64: 64px;--spacing-lg-80: 80px;--spacing-xlg-104: 104px;--spacing-xlg-152: 152px;--spacing-xs-12: 12px;--spacing-page-section: 104px;--spacing-card-list-spacing: 48px;--spacing-text-section-spacing: 80px;--spacing-md-xs-headings: 40px;--corner-radius-radius-lg: 16px;--corner-radius-radius-sm: 4px;--corner-radius-radius-md: 8px;--corner-radius-radius-round: 104px}}@media(min-width: 1280px){:root{--token-mode: Parity;--dropshadow: 0 2px 4px 0 #22223340;--primary-brand: #0645b1;--error-dark: #b60000;--success-dark: #05b01c;--inactive-fill: #ebebee;--hover: #0c3b8d;--pressed: #082f75;--button-primary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-primary-fill: #0645b1;--button-primary-text: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-primary-fill-press: #082f75;--button-primary-icon: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-inverse: #ffffff;--button-primary-text-inverse: #082f75;--button-primary-icon-inverse: #0645b1;--button-primary-fill-inverse-hover: #cddaef;--button-primary-stroke-inverse-pressed: #0645b1;--button-secondary-stroke-inactive: #b1b1ba;--button-secondary-fill: #eef2f9;--button-secondary-text: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-press: #cddaef;--button-secondary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-secondary-stroke: #cddaef;--button-secondary-stroke-hover: #386ac1;--button-secondary-stroke-press: #0645b1;--button-secondary-text-inactive: #b1b1ba;--button-secondary-icon: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-hover: #e6ecf7;--button-secondary-stroke-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-fill-inverse: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);--button-secondary-icon-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-icon-hover: #082f75;--button-secondary-icon-press: #082f75;--button-secondary-text-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-text-hover: #082f75;--button-secondary-text-press: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-inverse-hover: #043059;--button-xs-stroke: #141413;--button-xs-stroke-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-stroke-press: #082f75;--button-xs-stroke-inactive: #ebebee;--button-xs-text: #141413;--button-xs-text-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-text-press: #082f75;--button-xs-text-inactive: #91919e;--button-xs-icon: #141413;--button-xs-icon-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-icon-press: #082f75;--button-xs-icon-inactive: #91919e;--button-xs-fill: #ffffff;--button-xs-fill-hover: #f4f7fc;--button-xs-fill-press: #eef2f9;--buttons-button-text-inactive: #91919e;--buttons-button-focus: #0645b1;--buttons-button-icon-inactive: #91919e;--buttons-small-buttons-corner-radius: 8px;--buttons-small-buttons-l-r-padding: 12px;--buttons-small-buttons-height: 44px;--buttons-small-buttons-gap: 8px;--buttons-small-buttons-icon-only-width: 44px;--buttons-small-buttons-icon-size: 20px;--buttons-small-buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-small-buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--buttons-large-buttons-l-r-padding: 20px;--buttons-large-buttons-height: 54px;--buttons-large-buttons-icon-only-width: 54px;--buttons-large-buttons-icon-size: 20px;--buttons-large-buttons-gap: 8px;--buttons-large-buttons-corner-radius: 8px;--buttons-large-buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-large-buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-l-r-padding: 8px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-height: 32px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-icon-size: 16px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-gap: 4px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-corner-radius: 8px;--buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--background-beige: #f9f7f4;--error-light: #fff2f2;--text-placeholder: #6d6d7d;--stroke-dark: #141413;--stroke-light: #dddde2;--stroke-medium: #535366;--accent-green: #ccffd4;--accent-turquoise: #ccf7ff;--accent-yellow: #f7ffcc;--accent-peach: #ffd4cc;--accent-violet: #f7ccff;--accent-purple: #f4f7fc;--text-primary: #141413;--secondary-brand: #141413;--text-hover: #0c3b8d;--text-white: #ffffff;--text-link: #0645b1;--text-press: #082f75;--success-light: #f0f8f1;--background-light-blue: #eef2f9;--background-white: #ffffff;--premium-dark: #877440;--premium-light: #f9f6ed;--stroke-white: #ffffff;--inactive-content: #b1b1ba;--annotate-light: #a35dff;--annotate-dark: #824acc;--grid: #eef2f9;--inactive-stroke: #ebebee;--shadow: rgba(34, 34, 51, 0.25);--text-inactive: #6d6d7d;--text-error: #b60000;--stroke-error: #b60000;--background-error: #fff2f2;--background-black: #141413;--icon-default: #141413;--icon-blue: #0645b1;--background-grey: #dddde2;--icon-grey: #b1b1ba;--text-focus: #082f75;--brand-colors-neutral-black: #141413;--brand-colors-neutral-900: #535366;--brand-colors-neutral-800: #6d6d7d;--brand-colors-neutral-700: #91919e;--brand-colors-neutral-600: #b1b1ba;--brand-colors-neutral-500: #c8c8cf;--brand-colors-neutral-400: #dddde2;--brand-colors-neutral-300: #ebebee;--brand-colors-neutral-200: #f8f8fb;--brand-colors-neutral-100: #fafafa;--brand-colors-neutral-white: #ffffff;--brand-colors-blue-900: #043059;--brand-colors-blue-800: #082f75;--brand-colors-blue-700: #0c3b8d;--brand-colors-blue-600: #0645b1;--brand-colors-blue-500: #386ac1;--brand-colors-blue-400: #cddaef;--brand-colors-blue-300: #e6ecf7;--brand-colors-blue-200: #eef2f9;--brand-colors-blue-100: #f4f7fc;--brand-colors-gold-500: #877440;--brand-colors-gold-400: #e9e3d4;--brand-colors-gold-300: #f2efe8;--brand-colors-gold-200: #f9f6ed;--brand-colors-gold-100: #f9f7f4;--brand-colors-error-900: #920000;--brand-colors-error-500: #b60000;--brand-colors-success-900: #035c0f;--brand-colors-green: #ccffd4;--brand-colors-turquoise: #ccf7ff;--brand-colors-yellow: #f7ffcc;--brand-colors-peach: #ffd4cc;--brand-colors-violet: #f7ccff;--brand-colors-error-100: #fff2f2;--brand-colors-success-500: #05b01c;--brand-colors-success-100: #f0f8f1;--text-secondary: #535366;--icon-white: #ffffff;--background-beige-darker: #f2efe8;--icon-dark-grey: #535366;--type-font-family-sans-serif: Roboto;--type-font-family-serif: Georgia;--type-font-family-mono: IBM Plex Mono;--type-weights-300: 300;--type-weights-400: 400;--type-weights-500: 500;--type-weights-700: 700;--type-sizes-12: 12px;--type-sizes-14: 14px;--type-sizes-16: 16px;--type-sizes-18: 18px;--type-sizes-20: 20px;--type-sizes-22: 22px;--type-sizes-24: 24px;--type-sizes-28: 28px;--type-sizes-30: 30px;--type-sizes-32: 32px;--type-sizes-40: 40px;--type-sizes-42: 42px;--type-sizes-48-2: 48px;--type-line-heights-16: 16px;--type-line-heights-20: 20px;--type-line-heights-23: 23px;--type-line-heights-24: 24px;--type-line-heights-25: 25px;--type-line-heights-26: 26px;--type-line-heights-29: 29px;--type-line-heights-30: 30px;--type-line-heights-32: 32px;--type-line-heights-34: 34px;--type-line-heights-35: 35px;--type-line-heights-36: 36px;--type-line-heights-38: 38px;--type-line-heights-40: 40px;--type-line-heights-46: 46px;--type-line-heights-48: 48px;--type-line-heights-52: 52px;--type-line-heights-58: 58px;--type-line-heights-68: 68px;--type-line-heights-74: 74px;--type-line-heights-82: 82px;--type-paragraph-spacings-0: 0px;--type-paragraph-spacings-4: 4px;--type-paragraph-spacings-8: 8px;--type-paragraph-spacings-16: 16px;--type-sans-serif-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-xl-size: 42px;--type-sans-serif-xl-line-height: 46px;--type-sans-serif-xl-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-lg-size: 32px;--type-sans-serif-lg-line-height: 38px;--type-sans-serif-lg-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-md-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-md-line-height: 34px;--type-sans-serif-md-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-md-size: 28px;--type-sans-serif-xs-font-weight: 700;--type-sans-serif-xs-line-height: 25px;--type-sans-serif-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-sans-serif-xs-size: 20px;--type-sans-serif-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-sm-line-height: 30px;--type-sans-serif-sm-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-sm-size: 24px;--type-body-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-body-xl-size: 24px;--type-body-xl-line-height: 36px;--type-body-xl-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-body-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-body-sm-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-body-xs-font-weight: 400;--type-body-xs-size: 12px;--type-body-xs-line-height: 16px;--type-body-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-body-md-font-weight: 400;--type-body-md-size: 16px;--type-body-md-line-height: 20px;--type-body-md-paragraph-spacing: 4px;--type-body-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-body-lg-size: 20px;--type-body-lg-line-height: 26px;--type-body-lg-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-body-lg-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-lg-medium-size: 20px;--type-body-lg-medium-line-height: 32px;--type-body-lg-medium-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-body-md-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-md-medium-size: 16px;--type-body-md-medium-line-height: 20px;--type-body-md-medium-paragraph-spacing: 4px;--type-body-sm-bold-font-weight: 700;--type-body-sm-bold-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-bold-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-bold-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-body-sm-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-sm-medium-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-medium-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-medium-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-serif-md-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-md-size: 40px;--type-serif-md-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-md-line-height: 48px;--type-serif-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-sm-size: 28px;--type-serif-sm-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-sm-line-height: 32px;--type-serif-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-lg-size: 58px;--type-serif-lg-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-lg-line-height: 68px;--type-serif-xs-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-xs-size: 18px;--type-serif-xs-line-height: 24px;--type-serif-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-xl-size: 74px;--type-serif-xl-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-xl-line-height: 82px;--type-mono-md-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-md-size: 22px;--type-mono-md-line-height: 24px;--type-mono-md-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-mono-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-lg-size: 40px;--type-mono-lg-line-height: 40px;--type-mono-lg-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-mono-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-sm-size: 14px;--type-mono-sm-line-height: 24px;--type-mono-sm-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--spacing-xs-4: 4px;--spacing-xs-8: 8px;--spacing-xs-16: 16px;--spacing-sm-24: 24px;--spacing-sm-32: 32px;--spacing-md-40: 40px;--spacing-md-48: 48px;--spacing-lg-64: 64px;--spacing-lg-80: 80px;--spacing-xlg-104: 104px;--spacing-xlg-152: 152px;--spacing-xs-12: 12px;--spacing-page-section: 152px;--spacing-card-list-spacing: 48px;--spacing-text-section-spacing: 80px;--spacing-md-xs-headings: 40px;--corner-radius-radius-lg: 16px;--corner-radius-radius-sm: 4px;--corner-radius-radius-md: 8px;--corner-radius-radius-round: 104px}}</style><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-57f9da13cef3fd4e2a8b655342c6488eded3e557e823fe67571f2ac77acd7b6f.css" /> <meta name="author" content="nick bosio" /> <meta name="description" content="Nick Bosio, The Australian National University: 224 Followers, 5 Following, 19 Research papers. Research interests: Systems Thinking and Military Science." /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs" /> <script> var $controller_name = 'works'; var $action_name = "summary"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '2ba610b1477a5f6699612fc1658d0977af2d888e'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.Aedu = { hit_data: null }; window.Aedu.SiteStats = {"premium_universities_count":13940,"monthly_visitors":"140 million","monthly_visitor_count":140401664,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":140,"user_count":285385484,"paper_count":55203019,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"page_count":432000000,"page_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":16500000,"pdf_count_in_millions":16}; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1742459725000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1742459725000; window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1 = false; window.Aedu.enableLocalization = true; window.Aedu.activateFullstory = false; window.Aedu.serviceAvailability = { status: {"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"}, serviceEnabled: function(service) { return this.status[service] === "on"; }, readEnabled: function(service) { return this.serviceEnabled(service) || this.status[service] === "read_only"; }, }; window.Aedu.viewApmTrace = function() { // Check if x-apm-trace-id meta tag is set, and open the trace in APM // in a new window if it is. var apmTraceId = document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]'); if (apmTraceId) { var traceId = apmTraceId.content; // Use trace ID to construct URL, an example URL looks like: // https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%31298410148923562634 var apmUrl = 'https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A' + traceId; window.open(apmUrl, '_blank'); } }; </script>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="preload" href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" as="style" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/libraries-a9675dcb01ec4ef6aa807ba772c7a5a00c1820d3ff661c1038a20f80d06bb4e4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-9982828ed1de4777566441c35ccf7157c55ca779141fce69380d727ebdbbb926.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system_legacy-056a9113b9a0f5343d013b29ee1929d5a18be35fdcdceb616600b4db8bd20054.css" /> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/runtime-bundle-005434038af4252ca37c527588411a3d6a0eabb5f727fac83f8bbe7fd88d93bb.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_changed.wjs-bundle-a535932279a4b9d7aa01f4e22a86c8f55fe823cf08b452a27074f8b26f83f562.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/core_webpack.wjs-bundle-0d3a73b3b2012d6fa093284cf650844e979dbf16b57bd8dcf544327b14ebaa02.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/sentry.wjs-bundle-5fe03fddca915c8ba0f7edbe64c194308e8ce5abaed7bffe1255ff37549c4808.js"></script> <script> jade = window.jade || {}; jade.helpers = window.$h; jade._ = window._; </script>  <script id="tag-manager-head-root">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');</script>  <script> window.gptadslots = []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // TODO(jacob): This should be defined, may be rare load order problem. // Checking if null is just a quick fix, will default to en if unset. // Better fix is to run this immedietely after I18n is set. if (window.I18n != null) { I18n.defaultLocale = "en"; I18n.locale = "en"; I18n.fallbacks = true; } </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://anu-au.academia.edu/NickBosio" /> </head>   <body class='c-profiles/works a-summary logged_out'>  <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script><script>window.fbAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function if (window.FB) { return; } (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); } if (!window.defer_facebook) { // Autoload if not deferred window.fbAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.fbAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script><script>window.googleAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function (function(d) { var js; var id = 'google-jssdk'; var ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.onload = loadGoogle; js.src = "https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); } if (!window.defer_google) { // Autoload if not deferred window.googleAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.googleAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="tag-manager-body-root">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { if (document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')) { document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click', function() { gtag('event', 'click', { event_category: 'button', event_label: 'Log In' }) }) } }); </script> </div> <script>var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "26766707" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();</script><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=26766707&cv=2.0&cj=1" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden" /> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class='DesignSystem'> <a class='u-showOnFocus' href='#site'> Skip to main content </a> </div> <div id="upgrade_ie_banner" style="display: none;"><p>Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p>To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="DesignSystem bootstrap ShrinkableNav"><div class="navbar navbar-default main-header"><div class="container-wrapper" id="main-header-container"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"><div class="nav-left-wrapper u-mt0x"><div class="nav-logo"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="visible-xs-inline-block" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hidden-xs" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a></div><div class="nav-search"><div class="SiteSearch-wrapper select2-no-default-pills"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form DesignSystem" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><i class="SiteSearch-icon fa fa-search u-fw700 u-positionAbsolute u-tcGrayDark"></i><input class="js-SiteSearch-form-input SiteSearch-form-input form-control" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" value="" /></form></div></div></div><div class="nav-right-wrapper pull-right"><ul class="NavLinks js-main-nav list-unstyled"><li class="NavLinks-link"><a class="js-header-login-url Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" id="nav_log_in" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="NavLinks-link u-p0x"><a class="Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li></ul><button class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm u-ml4x navbar-toggle collapsed" data-target=".js-mobile-header-links" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button></div></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse js-mobile-header-links"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"><a href="#">more&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li><li><ul class="js-mobile-nav-expand-section nav navbar-nav u-m0x collapse"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><i class="fa fa-briefcase"></i> We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Help Center</a></li><li class="js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 dropup" style="display:none"><a href="#">less&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><script>(function(){ var $moreLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"); var $lessLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger"); var $section = $('.js-mobile-nav-expand-section'); $moreLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.hide(); $lessLink.show(); $section.collapse('show'); }); $lessLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.show(); $lessLink.hide(); $section.collapse('hide'); }); })() if ($a.is_logged_in() || false) { new Aedu.NavigationController({ el: '.js-main-nav', showHighlightedNotification: false }); } else { $(".js-header-login-url").attr("href", $a.loginUrlWithRedirect()); } Aedu.autocompleteSearch = new AutocompleteSearch({el: '.js-SiteSearch-form'});</script></div></div> <div id='site' class='fixed'> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var $dismissible = $(".dismissible_banner"); $dismissible.click(function(ev) { $dismissible.hide(); }); });</script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/profile.wjs-bundle-f6b0594496691b700b3d196d6f6e6ea687e81fc1b25d29a5557ce6de03813105.js" defer="defer"></script><script>$viewedUser = Aedu.User.set_viewed( {"id":10244984,"first_name":"Nick","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bosio","page_name":"NickBosio","domain_name":"anu-au","created_at":"2014-03-18T19:54:46.265-07:00","display_name":"Nick Bosio","url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/NickBosio","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10244984/3139573/66704692/s65_nick.bosio.jpg","has_photo":true,"department":{"id":785344,"name":"Politics and Social Studies","url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/Departments/Politics_and_Social_Studies/Documents","university":{"id":458,"name":"The Australian National University","url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/"}},"position":"Alumnus","position_id":8,"is_analytics_public":false,"interests":[{"id":4728,"name":"Systems Thinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systems_Thinking"},{"id":559,"name":"Military Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Science"}]} ); if ($a.is_logged_in() && $viewedUser.is_current_user()) { $('body').addClass('profile-viewed-by-owner'); } $socialProfiles = []</script><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/NickBosio","location":"/NickBosio","scheme":"https","host":"anu-au.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/NickBosio","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate" data-props="{}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-3c9a3493-f3a3-46b6-9156-9e2c6dc4cff0"></div> <div id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-3c9a3493-f3a3-46b6-9156-9e2c6dc4cff0"></div> <div class="DesignSystem"><div class="onsite-ping" id="onsite-ping"></div></div><div class="profile-user-info DesignSystem"><div class="social-profile-container"><div class="left-panel-container"><div class="user-info-component-wrapper"><div class="user-summary-cta-container"><div class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Nick Bosio" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/10244984/3139573/66704692/s200_nick.bosio.jpg" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Nick Bosio</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://anu-au.academia.edu/">The Australian National University</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://anu-au.academia.edu/Departments/Politics_and_Social_Studies/Documents">Politics and Social Studies</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Alumnus</span></div><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://unsw.academia.edu/">The University of New South Wales</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://unsw.academia.edu/Departments/University_of_New_South_Wales_at_the_Australian_Defence_Force_Academy/Documents">University of New South Wales at the Australian Defence Force Academy</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Alumnus</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Nick" data-follow-user-id="10244984" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="10244984"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">224</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">5</p></div></a><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;"><b>Address: </b>Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="suggested-academics-container"><div class="suggested-academics--header"><p class="ds2-5-body-md-bold">Related Authors</p></div><ul class="suggested-user-card-list"><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/kahuthuwahome"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" border="0" alt="" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://independent.academia.edu/kahuthuwahome">kahuthu wahome</a></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://uom.academia.edu/LADLIVENCATASAMY"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="LADLI VENCATASAMY" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/34122804/10140519/15391977/s200_ladli.vencatasamy.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://uom.academia.edu/LADLIVENCATASAMY">LADLI VENCATASAMY</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">University of Mauritius</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/JanWeuts"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Jan Weuts" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/64822101/23399969/22470374/s200_jan.weuts.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JanWeuts">Jan Weuts</a></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://csiro.academia.edu/FranziPoldy"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" border="0" alt="" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://csiro.academia.edu/FranziPoldy">Franzi Poldy</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">CSIRO</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/GuyDuczynski"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Guy Duczynski" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/134139407/37446879/31683294/s200_guy.duczynski.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GuyDuczynski">Guy Duczynski</a></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelDunlop3"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" border="0" alt="" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelDunlop3">Michael Dunlop</a></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://kcl.academia.edu/TimSweijs"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" border="0" alt="" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://kcl.academia.edu/TimSweijs">Tim Sweijs</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">King's College London</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/WijningaDefenceInternationalSecurity"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Peter Wijninga" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/41841770/72757189/61227538/s200_peter.wijninga.jpeg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WijningaDefenceInternationalSecurity">Peter Wijninga</a></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AaronGracey"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" border="0" alt="" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AaronGracey">Aaron Gracey</a></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/StevenPopper"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Steven Popper" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/4219641/1662362/2000222/s200_steven.popper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://independent.academia.edu/StevenPopper">Steven Popper</a></div></div></ul></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10244984" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Science"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/NickBosio","location":"/NickBosio","scheme":"https","host":"anu-au.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/NickBosio","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Military Science"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-398dac53-6b1b-4fb8-9e76-b7f4a8c6785a"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-398dac53-6b1b-4fb8-9e76-b7f4a8c6785a"></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="nav-container backbone-profile-documents-nav hidden-xs"><ul class="nav-tablist" role="tablist"><li class="nav-chip active" role="presentation"><a data-section-name="" data-toggle="tab" href="#all" role="tab">all</a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Books" data-toggle="tab" href="#books" role="tab" title="Books"><span>1</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Books</span></a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Published-Monographs" data-toggle="tab" href="#publishedmonographs" role="tab" title="Published Monographs"><span>1</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Published Monographs</span></a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Thesis-(PhD-and-Master)" data-toggle="tab" href="#thesisphdandmaster" role="tab" title="Thesis (PhD and Master)"><span>2</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Thesis (PhD and Master)</span></a></li><li class="nav-chip more-tab" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-documents-more-tab link-unstyled u-textTruncate" data-toggle="dropdown" role="tab">More  <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i></a><ul class="js-profile-documents-more-dropdown dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right profile-documents-more-dropdown" role="menu"><li role="presentation"><a data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Journal-Articles" data-toggle="tab" href="#journalarticles" role="tab" style="border: none;"><span>2</span> Journal Articles</a></li><li role="presentation"><a data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Papers,-Short-Articles" data-toggle="tab" href="#papersshortarticles" role="tab" style="border: none;"><span>8</span> Papers, Short Articles</a></li><li role="presentation"><a data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Thesis-Proposal-Documents-(See-Final-Thesis)" data-toggle="tab" href="#thesisproposaldocumentsseefinalthesis" role="tab" style="border: none;"><span>1</span> Thesis Proposal Documents (See Final Thesis)</a></li></ul></li></ul></div><div class="divider ds-divider-16" style="margin: 0px;"></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Books" id="Books"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Books by Nick Bosio</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="128233813"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/128233813/On_Strategic_Art_A_Guide_to_Strategic_Thinking_and_The_Australian_Strategy_Formulation_Framework"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of On Strategic Art: A Guide to Strategic Thinking & The Australian Strategy Formulation Framework" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/121848857/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128233813/On_Strategic_Art_A_Guide_to_Strategic_Thinking_and_The_Australian_Strategy_Formulation_Framework">On Strategic Art: A Guide to Strategic Thinking & The Australian Strategy Formulation Framework</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>On Strategic Art</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Strategic art is an intellectual exercise that leverages theory to help understand the strategic ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Strategic art is an intellectual exercise that leverages theory to help understand the strategic environment and its challenges. Yet, strategic art is also a disciplined approach to problem-framing thinking. Therefore, strategic art is both an intellectual exercise and a practical method of inquiry. Given this, strategic art requires an appreciation of both theory and practice. This means strategic art is the praxis of strategy, or the practical application of strategic theory.<br /><br />On Strategic Art is a handbook for the student, the scholar, and the practitioner of strategy. The handbook’s three parts discuss the theory, practice, and learning of strategy. Combined, the handbook represents strategic art: the translation of strategic theory into practical reality. This handbook is both a learning companion for the students of the Defence and Strategic Studies Course, as well as being of utility for the wider National Security community and international partners. Given the challenges of the strategic environment, it is vital to remember that the practice of strategy is a national endeavour. As such, this handbook is a first step towards helping strategic professionals think about and plan strategy.<br /><br />Splash Page: <a href="https://theforge.defence.gov.au/strategic-art" rel="nofollow">https://theforge.defence.gov.au/strategic-art</a><br /><br />PDF Document: <a href="https://theforge.defence.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/On%20Strategic%20Art%20-%20A%20Guide%20to%20Strategic%20Thinking%20and%20the%20ASFF%20%28Electronic%20Version%201-1%29.pdf" rel="nofollow">https://theforge.defence.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/On%20Strategic%20Art%20-%20A%20Guide%20to%20Strategic%20Thinking%20and%20the%20ASFF%20%28Electronic%20Version%201-1%29.pdf</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9158379b9ddf5ad7b832c9edae4bf960" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":121848857,"asset_id":128233813,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121848857/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="128233813"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="128233813"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 128233813; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=128233813]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=128233813]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 128233813; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='128233813']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9158379b9ddf5ad7b832c9edae4bf960" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=128233813]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":128233813,"title":"On Strategic Art: A Guide to Strategic Thinking \u0026 The Australian Strategy Formulation Framework","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Strategic art is an intellectual exercise that leverages theory to help understand the strategic environment and its challenges. Yet, strategic art is also a disciplined approach to problem-framing thinking. Therefore, strategic art is both an intellectual exercise and a practical method of inquiry. Given this, strategic art requires an appreciation of both theory and practice. This means strategic art is the praxis of strategy, or the practical application of strategic theory.\n\nOn Strategic Art is a handbook for the student, the scholar, and the practitioner of strategy. The handbook’s three parts discuss the theory, practice, and learning of strategy. Combined, the handbook represents strategic art: the translation of strategic theory into practical reality. This handbook is both a learning companion for the students of the Defence and Strategic Studies Course, as well as being of utility for the wider National Security community and international partners. Given the challenges of the strategic environment, it is vital to remember that the practice of strategy is a national endeavour. As such, this handbook is a first step towards helping strategic professionals think about and plan strategy.\n\nSplash Page: https://theforge.defence.gov.au/strategic-art\n\nPDF Document: https://theforge.defence.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/On%20Strategic%20Art%20-%20A%20Guide%20to%20Strategic%20Thinking%20and%20the%20ASFF%20%28Electronic%20Version%201-1%29.pdf","more_info":"PDF of document at: https://theforge.defence.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/On%20Strategic%20Art%20-%20A%20Guide%20to%20Strategic%20Thinking%20and%20the%20ASFF%20%28Electronic%20Version%201-1%29.pdf","publisher":"Australian Department of Defence, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia","grobid_abstract":"The Australian War College continues to mature its educational experiences in the strategic and military arts. As Australia's National Defence Strategy highlights, Australia's strategic environment is the most challenging it has been since the Second World War. Government has directed Defence to focus its efforts on a Strategy of Denial. Such a strategy requires investment in both hard capabilities, as well as Defence's intellectual capital. It is intellectual capital that will help guide Defence's efforts towards supporting the national interest. Future senior leaders will also expend intellectual capital to harness all aspects of Defence within a whole-of-government and whole-of-nation approach. However, as Henry Kissinger once stated, high office consumes intellectual capital; it does not create it. Therefore, it is necessary to invest in, nurture, and continue to grow the strategic intellectual capital necessary to guide Defence's support to, and defence of, Australia's national interests. To meet the above challenges, the Australian War College's Defence and Strategic Studies Course has undergone a significant transformation over the last two years. The War College's Defence and Strategic Studies Course provides a robust, structured, and scaffolded professional experience in the theory and practice of strategy, strategic art, and strategic leadership within a national and international context. At the heart of this professional education is the Strategic Art Program, a longitudinal program that allows students to explore how to translate strategic theory into practice. This handbook captures the essence of that program to assist War College students now and into the future. On Strategic Art is a handbook for the student, the scholar, and the practitioner of strategy. The handbook's three parts discuss the theory, practice, and learning of strategy. Combined, the handbook represents strategic art: the translation of strategic theory into practical reality. Although the audience of this handbook are the students of the Defence and Strategic Studies Course, the book may be of utility to others in the wider National Security community and international partners. Given the challenges of the strategic environment, it is vital that we do not forget that the practice of strategy is a national endeavour. This handbook is a first step towards helping us understand how to develop effective strategy in support of Australia's national interests.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2024,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"On Strategic Art","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":121848857},"translated_abstract":"Strategic art is an intellectual exercise that leverages theory to help understand the strategic environment and its challenges. Yet, strategic art is also a disciplined approach to problem-framing thinking. Therefore, strategic art is both an intellectual exercise and a practical method of inquiry. Given this, strategic art requires an appreciation of both theory and practice. This means strategic art is the praxis of strategy, or the practical application of strategic theory.\n\nOn Strategic Art is a handbook for the student, the scholar, and the practitioner of strategy. The handbook’s three parts discuss the theory, practice, and learning of strategy. Combined, the handbook represents strategic art: the translation of strategic theory into practical reality. This handbook is both a learning companion for the students of the Defence and Strategic Studies Course, as well as being of utility for the wider National Security community and international partners. Given the challenges of the strategic environment, it is vital to remember that the practice of strategy is a national endeavour. As such, this handbook is a first step towards helping strategic professionals think about and plan strategy.\n\nSplash Page: https://theforge.defence.gov.au/strategic-art\n\nPDF Document: https://theforge.defence.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/On%20Strategic%20Art%20-%20A%20Guide%20to%20Strategic%20Thinking%20and%20the%20ASFF%20%28Electronic%20Version%201-1%29.pdf","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/128233813/On_Strategic_Art_A_Guide_to_Strategic_Thinking_and_The_Australian_Strategy_Formulation_Framework","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2025-03-16T02:19:50.733-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10244984,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"book","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":121848857,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/121848857/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"On_Strategic_Art_A_Guide_to_Strategic_Thinking_and_the_ASFF_Electronic_Version_1_1_.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121848857/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"On_Strategic_Art_A_Guide_to_Strategic_Th.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/121848857/On_Strategic_Art_A_Guide_to_Strategic_Thinking_and_the_ASFF_Electronic_Version_1_1_-libre.pdf?1742118360=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOn_Strategic_Art_A_Guide_to_Strategic_Th.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446499\u0026Signature=HVjllposGGJR3JicwewkGEUSkZ1Cgz7NkK0SXIS7f3sjNSia2zD2yILEhL1bZjratw~ONegqoKUleZn9pTVoSmOCng9nO2--TVUIapwGoZEqvVfSV6Ndz3a3lpyfRXbnuVaAOjedCu1ah68MD5CNZK1aNG7YHdV~6iVkKwfr0NAZRgCTIiAedrjSpGoavmAgOl-Tpz4N490wZDDspKjwLFGHxWCmMBeU9Vug~dE70WtAE7rT8K-LRfqTuXzUbWrxOAZrYcXDe3ECcK2pF2kghFbvZm~peQP6fSumQjIx00UcETnuBF9AwY3V~94BjsdFZwcqHkN5C6RAoRnYGIakmw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"On_Strategic_Art_A_Guide_to_Strategic_Thinking_and_The_Australian_Strategy_Formulation_Framework","translated_slug":"","page_count":155,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Strategic art is an intellectual exercise that leverages theory to help understand the strategic environment and its challenges. Yet, strategic art is also a disciplined approach to problem-framing thinking. Therefore, strategic art is both an intellectual exercise and a practical method of inquiry. Given this, strategic art requires an appreciation of both theory and practice. This means strategic art is the praxis of strategy, or the practical application of strategic theory.\n\nOn Strategic Art is a handbook for the student, the scholar, and the practitioner of strategy. The handbook’s three parts discuss the theory, practice, and learning of strategy. Combined, the handbook represents strategic art: the translation of strategic theory into practical reality. This handbook is both a learning companion for the students of the Defence and Strategic Studies Course, as well as being of utility for the wider National Security community and international partners. Given the challenges of the strategic environment, it is vital to remember that the practice of strategy is a national endeavour. As such, this handbook is a first step towards helping strategic professionals think about and plan strategy.\n\nSplash Page: https://theforge.defence.gov.au/strategic-art\n\nPDF Document: https://theforge.defence.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/On%20Strategic%20Art%20-%20A%20Guide%20to%20Strategic%20Thinking%20and%20the%20ASFF%20%28Electronic%20Version%201-1%29.pdf","owner":{"id":10244984,"first_name":"Nick","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bosio","page_name":"NickBosio","domain_name":"anu-au","created_at":"2014-03-18T19:54:46.265-07:00","display_name":"Nick Bosio","url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/NickBosio"},"attachments":[{"id":121848857,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/121848857/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"On_Strategic_Art_A_Guide_to_Strategic_Thinking_and_the_ASFF_Electronic_Version_1_1_.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121848857/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"On_Strategic_Art_A_Guide_to_Strategic_Th.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/121848857/On_Strategic_Art_A_Guide_to_Strategic_Thinking_and_the_ASFF_Electronic_Version_1_1_-libre.pdf?1742118360=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOn_Strategic_Art_A_Guide_to_Strategic_Th.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446499\u0026Signature=HVjllposGGJR3JicwewkGEUSkZ1Cgz7NkK0SXIS7f3sjNSia2zD2yILEhL1bZjratw~ONegqoKUleZn9pTVoSmOCng9nO2--TVUIapwGoZEqvVfSV6Ndz3a3lpyfRXbnuVaAOjedCu1ah68MD5CNZK1aNG7YHdV~6iVkKwfr0NAZRgCTIiAedrjSpGoavmAgOl-Tpz4N490wZDDspKjwLFGHxWCmMBeU9Vug~dE70WtAE7rT8K-LRfqTuXzUbWrxOAZrYcXDe3ECcK2pF2kghFbvZm~peQP6fSumQjIx00UcETnuBF9AwY3V~94BjsdFZwcqHkN5C6RAoRnYGIakmw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":579,"name":"Strategy (Military Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy_Military_Science_"},{"id":3872,"name":"War Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Studies"},{"id":3873,"name":"Strategic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_Studies"},{"id":4728,"name":"Systems Thinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systems_Thinking"},{"id":7031,"name":"Strategic Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_Culture"},{"id":7739,"name":"Strategic Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_Planning"},{"id":46271,"name":"Strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy"},{"id":53342,"name":"Strategic Thinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_Thinking"},{"id":92441,"name":"Military Education and Training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Education_and_Training"},{"id":180315,"name":"Professional Military Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Professional_Military_Education"},{"id":256902,"name":"Military Strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Strategy"},{"id":283242,"name":"Military Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Planning"},{"id":326969,"name":"Red Teaming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Red_Teaming"},{"id":418059,"name":"National security strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_security_strategy"},{"id":597839,"name":"Military Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Education"},{"id":656550,"name":"National Security and Strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Security_and_Strategy"},{"id":968473,"name":"Whole of government Approach","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Whole_of_government_Approach"},{"id":1015459,"name":"National Strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Strategy"},{"id":1761342,"name":"Strategic theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_theory"},{"id":2029984,"name":"Military theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_theory"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Published Monographs" id="Published Monographs"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Published Monographs by Nick Bosio</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="36454791"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/36454791/Understanding_Wars_Theory_what_military_theory_is_where_it_fits_and_who_influences_it"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Understanding War's Theory: what military theory is, where it fits and who influences it" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56370113/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/36454791/Understanding_Wars_Theory_what_military_theory_is_where_it_fits_and_who_influences_it">Understanding War's Theory: what military theory is, where it fits and who influences it</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Australian Army Occasional Paper - Conflict Theory and Strategy</span><span>, Apr 17, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Many military professionals and academics outline the importance of military theory and the need ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Many military professionals and academics outline the importance of military theory and the need to study it. Some, like Colin Gray, even highlight how understanding it allows the profession of arms to better adapt in war. Given these wise words, would it not seem important to know ‘what’ military theory is? Is it not significant to know who has shaped it? How do we, as professionals, tell if something is military theory, or just opinion and conjecture? Knowing what military theory is, and what it is not, is vital. It helps identify what writings further our understanding of war and warfare, and guides professional military education and research for future doctrine and training. This work answers the questions of what military theory is, where it sits within the wider context of the study of conflict, and which theorists are key in defining its body of knowledge.<br /><br />The work first defines what military theory is. Military theory is a field of study that seeks to understand the phenomena of war and its links to wider conflict; and provides a framework for the valid creation and dissemination of the knowledge of war and warfare. In other words, military theory is the epistemology of war. This definition highlights that research into military theory is grounded in the philosophy of scientific inquiry and, much like applied history, must use broad scientific methods – using hypothesis and empirical data based in history; not just a single incident, war or technological advancement – to develop its concepts. Understanding this also provides a guide to test whether a new or modern idea is effective ‘military theory’, or merely ‘military notion’. The definition also indicates that the focus of military theory is the development of first principles knowledge about war and warfare. It is this knowledge that allows planners, commanders and senior decision makers to adapt their know-how of war fighting to changing situations, environments and political objectives. It is also this knowledge that can be enhanced through wider study.<br /><br />The analysis of what military theory is, also demonstrates where military theory fits within wider academic disciplines. Although other humanities disciplines like history can support military theory, its focus on applied theory gives it strong links to other applied social sciences like political science, international relations and economics. These other disciplines overlap with military theory, and provide an avenue to potentially advance military theory’s understanding of power, influence and war’s wider links to conflict. Such links assist in broadening the military theory body of knowledge – a body of knowledge that is not codified, but is instead shaped by foundational theorists.<br /><br />Who these foundation theorists are, or who is most influential, is also answered by this work. By analysing the curriculums of staff colleges around the world, this work has identified the top 20 theorists currently accepted as most influential. The analysis also suggests a normalising of military theory across the globe, including a possible convergence between the conceptual Eastern and Western ways of war.<br /><br />Overall, this work provides a definition for military theory and highlights the key theorists that shape our views on it now and into the future. This is supported with guidance that allows us to test future theories. Understanding what military theory is and who shapes it lays the foundation to allow the profession to debate where future advancements in military theory should focus to best support planners, commanders and senior decision makers.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b3e9a10caeb45f6817edb327cca0e73a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":56370113,"asset_id":36454791,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56370113/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="36454791"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36454791"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36454791; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36454791]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36454791]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36454791; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='36454791']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b3e9a10caeb45f6817edb327cca0e73a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=36454791]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":36454791,"title":"Understanding War's Theory: what military theory is, where it fits and who influences it","translated_title":"","metadata":{"volume":"001","abstract":"Many military professionals and academics outline the importance of military theory and the need to study it. Some, like Colin Gray, even highlight how understanding it allows the profession of arms to better adapt in war. Given these wise words, would it not seem important to know ‘what’ military theory is? Is it not significant to know who has shaped it? How do we, as professionals, tell if something is military theory, or just opinion and conjecture? Knowing what military theory is, and what it is not, is vital. It helps identify what writings further our understanding of war and warfare, and guides professional military education and research for future doctrine and training. This work answers the questions of what military theory is, where it sits within the wider context of the study of conflict, and which theorists are key in defining its body of knowledge.\n\nThe work first defines what military theory is. Military theory is a field of study that seeks to understand the phenomena of war and its links to wider conflict; and provides a framework for the valid creation and dissemination of the knowledge of war and warfare. In other words, military theory is the epistemology of war. This definition highlights that research into military theory is grounded in the philosophy of scientific inquiry and, much like applied history, must use broad scientific methods – using hypothesis and empirical data based in history; not just a single incident, war or technological advancement – to develop its concepts. Understanding this also provides a guide to test whether a new or modern idea is effective ‘military theory’, or merely ‘military notion’. The definition also indicates that the focus of military theory is the development of first principles knowledge about war and warfare. It is this knowledge that allows planners, commanders and senior decision makers to adapt their know-how of war fighting to changing situations, environments and political objectives. It is also this knowledge that can be enhanced through wider study.\n\nThe analysis of what military theory is, also demonstrates where military theory fits within wider academic disciplines. Although other humanities disciplines like history can support military theory, its focus on applied theory gives it strong links to other applied social sciences like political science, international relations and economics. These other disciplines overlap with military theory, and provide an avenue to potentially advance military theory’s understanding of power, influence and war’s wider links to conflict. Such links assist in broadening the military theory body of knowledge – a body of knowledge that is not codified, but is instead shaped by foundational theorists.\n\nWho these foundation theorists are, or who is most influential, is also answered by this work. By analysing the curriculums of staff colleges around the world, this work has identified the top 20 theorists currently accepted as most influential. The analysis also suggests a normalising of military theory across the globe, including a possible convergence between the conceptual Eastern and Western ways of war.\n\nOverall, this work provides a definition for military theory and highlights the key theorists that shape our views on it now and into the future. This is supported with guidance that allows us to test future theories. Understanding what military theory is and who shapes it lays the foundation to allow the profession to debate where future advancements in military theory should focus to best support planners, commanders and senior decision makers.","location":"Canberra, ACT, Australia","more_info":"Bosio, Nicholas J. Understanding War's Theory: what military theory is, where it fits, and who influences it. Australian Army Occasional Paper - Conflict Theory and Strategy Series. edited by Australian Army Research Centre. Vol. 001, Canberra, ACT, AUST: Australian Army Research Centre, 2018.","organization":"Australian Army Research Centre","publication_date":{"day":17,"month":4,"year":2018,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Australian Army Occasional Paper - Conflict Theory and Strategy"},"translated_abstract":"Many military professionals and academics outline the importance of military theory and the need to study it. Some, like Colin Gray, even highlight how understanding it allows the profession of arms to better adapt in war. Given these wise words, would it not seem important to know ‘what’ military theory is? Is it not significant to know who has shaped it? How do we, as professionals, tell if something is military theory, or just opinion and conjecture? Knowing what military theory is, and what it is not, is vital. It helps identify what writings further our understanding of war and warfare, and guides professional military education and research for future doctrine and training. This work answers the questions of what military theory is, where it sits within the wider context of the study of conflict, and which theorists are key in defining its body of knowledge.\n\nThe work first defines what military theory is. Military theory is a field of study that seeks to understand the phenomena of war and its links to wider conflict; and provides a framework for the valid creation and dissemination of the knowledge of war and warfare. In other words, military theory is the epistemology of war. This definition highlights that research into military theory is grounded in the philosophy of scientific inquiry and, much like applied history, must use broad scientific methods – using hypothesis and empirical data based in history; not just a single incident, war or technological advancement – to develop its concepts. Understanding this also provides a guide to test whether a new or modern idea is effective ‘military theory’, or merely ‘military notion’. The definition also indicates that the focus of military theory is the development of first principles knowledge about war and warfare. It is this knowledge that allows planners, commanders and senior decision makers to adapt their know-how of war fighting to changing situations, environments and political objectives. It is also this knowledge that can be enhanced through wider study.\n\nThe analysis of what military theory is, also demonstrates where military theory fits within wider academic disciplines. Although other humanities disciplines like history can support military theory, its focus on applied theory gives it strong links to other applied social sciences like political science, international relations and economics. These other disciplines overlap with military theory, and provide an avenue to potentially advance military theory’s understanding of power, influence and war’s wider links to conflict. Such links assist in broadening the military theory body of knowledge – a body of knowledge that is not codified, but is instead shaped by foundational theorists.\n\nWho these foundation theorists are, or who is most influential, is also answered by this work. By analysing the curriculums of staff colleges around the world, this work has identified the top 20 theorists currently accepted as most influential. The analysis also suggests a normalising of military theory across the globe, including a possible convergence between the conceptual Eastern and Western ways of war.\n\nOverall, this work provides a definition for military theory and highlights the key theorists that shape our views on it now and into the future. This is supported with guidance that allows us to test future theories. Understanding what military theory is and who shapes it lays the foundation to allow the profession to debate where future advancements in military theory should focus to best support planners, commanders and senior decision makers.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36454791/Understanding_Wars_Theory_what_military_theory_is_where_it_fits_and_who_influences_it","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2018-04-20T18:55:13.818-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10244984,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56370113,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56370113/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Understanding_Wars_Theory_-_what_military_theory_is_where_it_fits_who_influences_it.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56370113/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Understanding_Wars_Theory_what_military.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/56370113/Understanding_Wars_Theory_-_what_military_theory_is_where_it_fits_who_influences_it-libre.pdf?1524275890=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DUnderstanding_Wars_Theory_what_military.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446499\u0026Signature=LeBYsG7akX0wOQY3EdG-KfCDyrTAvR5h~9hItbRHSLOESICP27Ep~k~FUSJriTVOVgs71ZF~qaFDHiUmX21gVfPYvKrV8j7K8d5Ba3VNAbx1IS4xp56W1Ykg8txeyMmqfTNJKRs3JLhjUCYcoTTcjFH-Nx-fPX1ToK9Qenfq2qiYEk09XEfh5mvM7XdS~uLbhh~VZesmMBxoJgGa28z28QxDLyJhFpbYOzuyQnrx4XoCieOKzj4Kw1agtFpW~M8LcngKUA1ObTAH-nz1YNkEhlI9R7H3yRFu~l4OBvipLg-Mtbqcz5Wg1F9B0ZTtp7v3qkrTQXPv68aDdBLbvKwTpA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Understanding_Wars_Theory_what_military_theory_is_where_it_fits_and_who_influences_it","translated_slug":"","page_count":84,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Many military professionals and academics outline the importance of military theory and the need to study it. Some, like Colin Gray, even highlight how understanding it allows the profession of arms to better adapt in war. Given these wise words, would it not seem important to know ‘what’ military theory is? Is it not significant to know who has shaped it? How do we, as professionals, tell if something is military theory, or just opinion and conjecture? Knowing what military theory is, and what it is not, is vital. It helps identify what writings further our understanding of war and warfare, and guides professional military education and research for future doctrine and training. This work answers the questions of what military theory is, where it sits within the wider context of the study of conflict, and which theorists are key in defining its body of knowledge.\n\nThe work first defines what military theory is. Military theory is a field of study that seeks to understand the phenomena of war and its links to wider conflict; and provides a framework for the valid creation and dissemination of the knowledge of war and warfare. In other words, military theory is the epistemology of war. This definition highlights that research into military theory is grounded in the philosophy of scientific inquiry and, much like applied history, must use broad scientific methods – using hypothesis and empirical data based in history; not just a single incident, war or technological advancement – to develop its concepts. Understanding this also provides a guide to test whether a new or modern idea is effective ‘military theory’, or merely ‘military notion’. The definition also indicates that the focus of military theory is the development of first principles knowledge about war and warfare. It is this knowledge that allows planners, commanders and senior decision makers to adapt their know-how of war fighting to changing situations, environments and political objectives. It is also this knowledge that can be enhanced through wider study.\n\nThe analysis of what military theory is, also demonstrates where military theory fits within wider academic disciplines. Although other humanities disciplines like history can support military theory, its focus on applied theory gives it strong links to other applied social sciences like political science, international relations and economics. These other disciplines overlap with military theory, and provide an avenue to potentially advance military theory’s understanding of power, influence and war’s wider links to conflict. Such links assist in broadening the military theory body of knowledge – a body of knowledge that is not codified, but is instead shaped by foundational theorists.\n\nWho these foundation theorists are, or who is most influential, is also answered by this work. By analysing the curriculums of staff colleges around the world, this work has identified the top 20 theorists currently accepted as most influential. The analysis also suggests a normalising of military theory across the globe, including a possible convergence between the conceptual Eastern and Western ways of war.\n\nOverall, this work provides a definition for military theory and highlights the key theorists that shape our views on it now and into the future. This is supported with guidance that allows us to test future theories. Understanding what military theory is and who shapes it lays the foundation to allow the profession to debate where future advancements in military theory should focus to best support planners, commanders and senior decision makers.","owner":{"id":10244984,"first_name":"Nick","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bosio","page_name":"NickBosio","domain_name":"anu-au","created_at":"2014-03-18T19:54:46.265-07:00","display_name":"Nick Bosio","url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/NickBosio"},"attachments":[{"id":56370113,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56370113/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Understanding_Wars_Theory_-_what_military_theory_is_where_it_fits_who_influences_it.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56370113/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Understanding_Wars_Theory_what_military.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/56370113/Understanding_Wars_Theory_-_what_military_theory_is_where_it_fits_who_influences_it-libre.pdf?1524275890=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DUnderstanding_Wars_Theory_what_military.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446500\u0026Signature=D0gV4BaRQ2VoegHaPcz5Sc4asuUsmnEJClk75OLMSLMuQcKQ1EmIKMU7esCERbs8CmtZPn~WkQXQfeYlldl-Z7NdUojxiKA4l-Z3JSUkybLU9j0aM1U7MrmC79ILJkLhg6o1fKOrJYjk75SILip7LawiYFJRaPA5zmAS2UDIx5G9RTusLe8u5LMQ4BMwBdSyit~qowGsW9J-QUtR0vumfic60iqI24Rb8VJxfWJMGpqQCyjb5SLVIweBcK44DzevAe9h7N7Omc19LIGPOX473glN5I3IOLtDePmUL5vgQvzCa2BGAGqU3KeDRouwFNQhl5OSQyOmzH3zloqRK3KGMw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History"},{"id":2391,"name":"War Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Theory"},{"id":3872,"name":"War Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Studies"},{"id":3873,"name":"Strategic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_Studies"},{"id":92441,"name":"Military Education and Training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Education_and_Training"},{"id":100218,"name":"Clausewitz","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clausewitz"},{"id":129894,"name":"Philosophy of War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_War"},{"id":180315,"name":"Professional Military Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Professional_Military_Education"},{"id":402505,"name":"Military Operational Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Operational_Art"},{"id":480747,"name":"Operational Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Operational_Art"},{"id":969675,"name":"Jomini","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jomini"},{"id":985783,"name":"Liddell Hart","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liddell_Hart"},{"id":1761342,"name":"Strategic theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_theory"},{"id":2029984,"name":"Military theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_theory"}],"urls":[{"id":19232402,"url":"https://researchcentre.army.gov.au/library/occasional-papers/understanding-wars-theory-what-military-theory-where-it-fits-and-who-influences-it"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Thesis (PhD and Master)" id="Thesis (PhD and Master)"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Thesis (PhD and Master) by Nick Bosio</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="71674163"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/71674163/An_Analysis_of_the_Relationship_between_Contemporary_Western_Military_Theory_Systems_Thinking_and_their_Key_Schools_of_Thought"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of An Analysis of the Relationship between Contemporary Western Military Theory, Systems Thinking, and their Key Schools-of-Thought" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/80918917/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/71674163/An_Analysis_of_the_Relationship_between_Contemporary_Western_Military_Theory_Systems_Thinking_and_their_Key_Schools_of_Thought">An Analysis of the Relationship between Contemporary Western Military Theory, Systems Thinking, and their Key Schools-of-Thought</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Thesis (PhD)</span><span>, Feb 9, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Since the 1990s, systems concepts have been used to enhance military theory. Such fusion assumes ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Since the 1990s, systems concepts have been used to enhance military theory. Such fusion assumes a strong relationship between systems thinking and military theory. This assumption underpins military concepts such as Effects-Based Operations, which was influential in planning the Afghanistan and Iraq Wars. The military failures in these wars led scholars to criticise systems-based concepts within military theory and practice. Nevertheless, practitioners and academics continue to use systems concepts to inform contemporary military doctrine and education. Such education shapes military professionals’ thinking on how to plan for, and conduct, war. <br /> <br />This thesis investigates the relationship between contemporary Western military theory, systems thinking, and their key schools-of-thought. The thesis identifies that the assumed relationship is founded on a belief that the world is made up of systems. This worldview, known as ‘hard systems thinking’, is held by both advocates and critics. There appears to be little consideration of the alternative systems worldview: ‘soft systems thinking’. This second school-of-thought views the world as complex and uses systems as frameworks to enhance understanding. The thesis explains how these systems paradigms have similarities with the two military theory worldviews of ‘war as science’ and ‘war as art’, respectively. Investigating how these schools-of-thought influence systems concepts may help explain when and how to use systems thinking to enhance military theory. <br /> <br />The investigation finds a strong relationship between military theory and systems thinking. This relationship is underpinned by the complementary use of both hard and soft systems thinking schools-of-thought. The thesis reviews the works of twelve military writers from across recorded history to find this relationship. The 2003-2011 Iraq War provides an illustrative case study. This case study corroborates the investigation’s findings, and provides initial insight into how paradigms can influence military thinking and practice. <br /> <br />The investigation indicates that each level of war preferences a school-of-thought. For example, the strategic level of war prefers soft systems thinking and war as art. Hard systems and war as science thinking are relevant to the tactical level of war. Another finding is that systems thinking, when used appropriately, appears to enhance the explanatory and descriptive power of military theory. The thesis found little support for using systems thinking to reinforce the predictive power of theory. The analysis of the theory-based and Iraq War case studies also sheds initial light on how the paradigms military practitioners hold can influence how they think about and execute war. Where practitioners hold paradigms not aligned with the findings in this thesis, military planning and action may risk strategic failure. <br /> <br />The thesis finds that Effects-Based Operations, and similar hard systems concepts, appear inappropriate at the strategic and operational levels of war. Next, the thesis identifies a set of principles that may help guide future military warfighting concept development. Another observation is that pre-war military education may be important in shaping pre-war thinking and in-war adaptation. Further research is likely to shed light on how to reduce the hard systems/war as science bias often seen in military thinking and planning. With the contemporary surge in great power competition, limiting these biases may help reduce the likelihood of great power competition becoming great power war.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="55f7b13b7d3cf9f5675591e38f26be86" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":80918917,"asset_id":71674163,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80918917/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="71674163"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="71674163"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71674163; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71674163]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71674163]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71674163; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='71674163']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "55f7b13b7d3cf9f5675591e38f26be86" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=71674163]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":71674163,"title":"An Analysis of the Relationship between Contemporary Western Military Theory, Systems Thinking, and their Key Schools-of-Thought","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.25911/D57M-W744","abstract":"Since the 1990s, systems concepts have been used to enhance military theory. Such fusion assumes a strong relationship between systems thinking and military theory. This assumption underpins military concepts such as Effects-Based Operations, which was influential in planning the Afghanistan and Iraq Wars. The military failures in these wars led scholars to criticise systems-based concepts within military theory and practice. Nevertheless, practitioners and academics continue to use systems concepts to inform contemporary military doctrine and education. Such education shapes military professionals’ thinking on how to plan for, and conduct, war.\r\n\r\nThis thesis investigates the relationship between contemporary Western military theory, systems thinking, and their key schools-of-thought. The thesis identifies that the assumed relationship is founded on a belief that the world is made up of systems. This worldview, known as ‘hard systems thinking’, is held by both advocates and critics. There appears to be little consideration of the alternative systems worldview: ‘soft systems thinking’. This second school-of-thought views the world as complex and uses systems as frameworks to enhance understanding. The thesis explains how these systems paradigms have similarities with the two military theory worldviews of ‘war as science’ and ‘war as art’, respectively. Investigating how these schools-of-thought influence systems concepts may help explain when and how to use systems thinking to enhance military theory.\r\n\r\nThe investigation finds a strong relationship between military theory and systems thinking. This relationship is underpinned by the complementary use of both hard and soft systems thinking schools-of-thought. The thesis reviews the works of twelve military writers from across recorded history to find this relationship. The 2003-2011 Iraq War provides an illustrative case study. This case study corroborates the investigation’s findings, and provides initial insight into how paradigms can influence military thinking and practice. \r\n\r\nThe investigation indicates that each level of war preferences a school-of-thought. For example, the strategic level of war prefers soft systems thinking and war as art. Hard systems and war as science thinking are relevant to the tactical level of war. Another finding is that systems thinking, when used appropriately, appears to enhance the explanatory and descriptive power of military theory. The thesis found little support for using systems thinking to reinforce the predictive power of theory. The analysis of the theory-based and Iraq War case studies also sheds initial light on how the paradigms military practitioners hold can influence how they think about and execute war. Where practitioners hold paradigms not aligned with the findings in this thesis, military planning and action may risk strategic failure.\r\n\r\nThe thesis finds that Effects-Based Operations, and similar hard systems concepts, appear inappropriate at the strategic and operational levels of war. Next, the thesis identifies a set of principles that may help guide future military warfighting concept development. Another observation is that pre-war military education may be important in shaping pre-war thinking and in-war adaptation. Further research is likely to shed light on how to reduce the hard systems/war as science bias often seen in military thinking and planning. With the contemporary surge in great power competition, limiting these biases may help reduce the likelihood of great power competition becoming great power war.","location":"Canberra, ACT, Australia","more_info":"A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Australian National University","organization":"Australian National University (Strategic and Defence Studies Centre)","publication_date":{"day":9,"month":2,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Thesis (PhD)"},"translated_abstract":"Since the 1990s, systems concepts have been used to enhance military theory. Such fusion assumes a strong relationship between systems thinking and military theory. This assumption underpins military concepts such as Effects-Based Operations, which was influential in planning the Afghanistan and Iraq Wars. The military failures in these wars led scholars to criticise systems-based concepts within military theory and practice. Nevertheless, practitioners and academics continue to use systems concepts to inform contemporary military doctrine and education. Such education shapes military professionals’ thinking on how to plan for, and conduct, war.\r\n\r\nThis thesis investigates the relationship between contemporary Western military theory, systems thinking, and their key schools-of-thought. The thesis identifies that the assumed relationship is founded on a belief that the world is made up of systems. This worldview, known as ‘hard systems thinking’, is held by both advocates and critics. There appears to be little consideration of the alternative systems worldview: ‘soft systems thinking’. This second school-of-thought views the world as complex and uses systems as frameworks to enhance understanding. The thesis explains how these systems paradigms have similarities with the two military theory worldviews of ‘war as science’ and ‘war as art’, respectively. Investigating how these schools-of-thought influence systems concepts may help explain when and how to use systems thinking to enhance military theory.\r\n\r\nThe investigation finds a strong relationship between military theory and systems thinking. This relationship is underpinned by the complementary use of both hard and soft systems thinking schools-of-thought. The thesis reviews the works of twelve military writers from across recorded history to find this relationship. The 2003-2011 Iraq War provides an illustrative case study. This case study corroborates the investigation’s findings, and provides initial insight into how paradigms can influence military thinking and practice. \r\n\r\nThe investigation indicates that each level of war preferences a school-of-thought. For example, the strategic level of war prefers soft systems thinking and war as art. Hard systems and war as science thinking are relevant to the tactical level of war. Another finding is that systems thinking, when used appropriately, appears to enhance the explanatory and descriptive power of military theory. The thesis found little support for using systems thinking to reinforce the predictive power of theory. The analysis of the theory-based and Iraq War case studies also sheds initial light on how the paradigms military practitioners hold can influence how they think about and execute war. Where practitioners hold paradigms not aligned with the findings in this thesis, military planning and action may risk strategic failure.\r\n\r\nThe thesis finds that Effects-Based Operations, and similar hard systems concepts, appear inappropriate at the strategic and operational levels of war. Next, the thesis identifies a set of principles that may help guide future military warfighting concept development. Another observation is that pre-war military education may be important in shaping pre-war thinking and in-war adaptation. Further research is likely to shed light on how to reduce the hard systems/war as science bias often seen in military thinking and planning. With the contemporary surge in great power competition, limiting these biases may help reduce the likelihood of great power competition becoming great power war.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/71674163/An_Analysis_of_the_Relationship_between_Contemporary_Western_Military_Theory_Systems_Thinking_and_their_Key_Schools_of_Thought","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-02-16T02:30:57.798-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10244984,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"thesis_chapter","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80918917,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/80918917/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Thesis_Relationship_between_Military_Theory_Systems_Thinking_and_their_Key_Schools_of_Thought.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80918917/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"An_Analysis_of_the_Relationship_between.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/80918917/Thesis_Relationship_between_Military_Theory_Systems_Thinking_and_their_Key_Schools_of_Thought-libre.pdf?1645009508=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAn_Analysis_of_the_Relationship_between.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446500\u0026Signature=Gyj5WViBozPuEpKYWxdEcNR7dIQ50MxdXhfb-gw3xzuq9yDGcBv-EpSbbAg93uQUlK70XEvQyokpt4a1EF-bsYM7qnI6-036Q1edBx8l6HD3T5UnwGyQ2tIwLsoTquIz7Gjkq22K91YDG7PMHQtTMVr72jfttdfhGnW9pj8be6z4lYEswtcPibzufgQ2lhpFvEVr8Zbj3RBKoY~jzoi4QmGVj4HnHylV4vG0BXYTIsLgGBWhYtBjMM3HaY0gspOsHkXf9Tr6THbs0Mg1NyJ93qwu1Ixt9v5DaGQCq2At~XkD1V6lCyBen05jYP6HmStuV~8eNzH7zHWXdk0~62Jk4Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"An_Analysis_of_the_Relationship_between_Contemporary_Western_Military_Theory_Systems_Thinking_and_their_Key_Schools_of_Thought","translated_slug":"","page_count":411,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Since the 1990s, systems concepts have been used to enhance military theory. Such fusion assumes a strong relationship between systems thinking and military theory. This assumption underpins military concepts such as Effects-Based Operations, which was influential in planning the Afghanistan and Iraq Wars. The military failures in these wars led scholars to criticise systems-based concepts within military theory and practice. Nevertheless, practitioners and academics continue to use systems concepts to inform contemporary military doctrine and education. Such education shapes military professionals’ thinking on how to plan for, and conduct, war.\r\n\r\nThis thesis investigates the relationship between contemporary Western military theory, systems thinking, and their key schools-of-thought. The thesis identifies that the assumed relationship is founded on a belief that the world is made up of systems. This worldview, known as ‘hard systems thinking’, is held by both advocates and critics. There appears to be little consideration of the alternative systems worldview: ‘soft systems thinking’. This second school-of-thought views the world as complex and uses systems as frameworks to enhance understanding. The thesis explains how these systems paradigms have similarities with the two military theory worldviews of ‘war as science’ and ‘war as art’, respectively. Investigating how these schools-of-thought influence systems concepts may help explain when and how to use systems thinking to enhance military theory.\r\n\r\nThe investigation finds a strong relationship between military theory and systems thinking. This relationship is underpinned by the complementary use of both hard and soft systems thinking schools-of-thought. The thesis reviews the works of twelve military writers from across recorded history to find this relationship. The 2003-2011 Iraq War provides an illustrative case study. This case study corroborates the investigation’s findings, and provides initial insight into how paradigms can influence military thinking and practice. \r\n\r\nThe investigation indicates that each level of war preferences a school-of-thought. For example, the strategic level of war prefers soft systems thinking and war as art. Hard systems and war as science thinking are relevant to the tactical level of war. Another finding is that systems thinking, when used appropriately, appears to enhance the explanatory and descriptive power of military theory. The thesis found little support for using systems thinking to reinforce the predictive power of theory. The analysis of the theory-based and Iraq War case studies also sheds initial light on how the paradigms military practitioners hold can influence how they think about and execute war. Where practitioners hold paradigms not aligned with the findings in this thesis, military planning and action may risk strategic failure.\r\n\r\nThe thesis finds that Effects-Based Operations, and similar hard systems concepts, appear inappropriate at the strategic and operational levels of war. Next, the thesis identifies a set of principles that may help guide future military warfighting concept development. Another observation is that pre-war military education may be important in shaping pre-war thinking and in-war adaptation. Further research is likely to shed light on how to reduce the hard systems/war as science bias often seen in military thinking and planning. With the contemporary surge in great power competition, limiting these biases may help reduce the likelihood of great power competition becoming great power war.","owner":{"id":10244984,"first_name":"Nick","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bosio","page_name":"NickBosio","domain_name":"anu-au","created_at":"2014-03-18T19:54:46.265-07:00","display_name":"Nick Bosio","url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/NickBosio"},"attachments":[{"id":80918917,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/80918917/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Thesis_Relationship_between_Military_Theory_Systems_Thinking_and_their_Key_Schools_of_Thought.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80918917/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"An_Analysis_of_the_Relationship_between.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/80918917/Thesis_Relationship_between_Military_Theory_Systems_Thinking_and_their_Key_Schools_of_Thought-libre.pdf?1645009508=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAn_Analysis_of_the_Relationship_between.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446500\u0026Signature=Gyj5WViBozPuEpKYWxdEcNR7dIQ50MxdXhfb-gw3xzuq9yDGcBv-EpSbbAg93uQUlK70XEvQyokpt4a1EF-bsYM7qnI6-036Q1edBx8l6HD3T5UnwGyQ2tIwLsoTquIz7Gjkq22K91YDG7PMHQtTMVr72jfttdfhGnW9pj8be6z4lYEswtcPibzufgQ2lhpFvEVr8Zbj3RBKoY~jzoi4QmGVj4HnHylV4vG0BXYTIsLgGBWhYtBjMM3HaY0gspOsHkXf9Tr6THbs0Mg1NyJ93qwu1Ixt9v5DaGQCq2At~XkD1V6lCyBen05jYP6HmStuV~8eNzH7zHWXdk0~62Jk4Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":559,"name":"Military Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Science"},{"id":2391,"name":"War Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Theory"},{"id":3872,"name":"War Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Studies"},{"id":4728,"name":"Systems Thinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systems_Thinking"},{"id":7300,"name":"Systems Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systems_Theory"},{"id":32938,"name":"Pluralism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pluralism"},{"id":44426,"name":"Military Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Studies"},{"id":74580,"name":"Iraq War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iraq_War"},{"id":100218,"name":"Clausewitz","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clausewitz"},{"id":129894,"name":"Philosophy of War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_War"},{"id":133515,"name":"Soft Systems Thinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soft_Systems_Thinking"},{"id":180315,"name":"Professional Military Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Professional_Military_Education"},{"id":180993,"name":"Habits of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Habits_of_Mind"},{"id":431783,"name":"Strategy and Strategic Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy_and_Strategic_Theory"},{"id":480747,"name":"Operational Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Operational_Art"},{"id":969675,"name":"Jomini","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jomini"},{"id":1120347,"name":"Theory of Operational Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theory_of_Operational_Art"},{"id":2029984,"name":"Military theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_theory"}],"urls":[{"id":19233652,"url":"https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/260048"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="6499009"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/6499009/Realistic_Balanced_Scorecards_Systemic_Understanding_via_the_Balanced_Scorecard_Cascaded_Construction_Method"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Realistic Balanced Scorecards: Systemic Understanding via the Balanced Scorecard Cascaded Construction Method" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36010725/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/6499009/Realistic_Balanced_Scorecards_Systemic_Understanding_via_the_Balanced_Scorecard_Cascaded_Construction_Method">Realistic Balanced Scorecards: Systemic Understanding via the Balanced Scorecard Cascaded Construction Method</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Thesis (Master of Engineer Science)</span><span>, Jun 2005</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Kaplan and Norton advocate a holistic approach to Balanced Scorecard construction. However their ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Kaplan and Norton advocate a holistic approach to Balanced Scorecard construction. However their traditional method of construction is seen to lack a rigorous understanding of complexity and human action. This leads current Balanced Scorecards to have several limitations in the areas of feedback, delay, and validation of measurements. Balanced Scorecards also recognise the need to cascade to the lowest level; however, they do not provide a holistic means of achieving this. <br /> <br />This research has been conducted to develop a method of Balanced Scorecard construction that overcomes the limitations and enables a holistic approach to understanding and learning. Systems thinking, systems dynamics and the systems engineering ‘Vee’ model combine to provide a new top-down/bottom-up method for understanding at the strategic, operational and tactical level. The top-down aspect develops understanding of complexity. It identifies the systemic structure of an organisation and its environment in order to locate the leverage points. The bottom-up aspect then constructs quantitative modules that provide a means of both validating measures and enabling “what if” scenario testing. A cases study demonstrates that this method provides a more systemic approach, in a systematic manner, to Balanced Scorecard construction. <br /> <br />NOTE - 20 Dec 14: Papers re-uploaded as there were formatting errors in the originals. Now viewable</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="910c9bd536e7064dc64fa96670e9159d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":36010725,"asset_id":6499009,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36010725/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="6499009"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6499009"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6499009; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6499009]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6499009]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6499009; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='6499009']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "910c9bd536e7064dc64fa96670e9159d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=6499009]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":6499009,"title":"Realistic Balanced Scorecards: Systemic Understanding via the Balanced Scorecard Cascaded Construction Method","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Kaplan and Norton advocate a holistic approach to Balanced Scorecard construction. However their traditional method of construction is seen to lack a rigorous understanding of complexity and human action. This leads current Balanced Scorecards to have several limitations in the areas of feedback, delay, and validation of measurements. Balanced Scorecards also recognise the need to cascade to the lowest level; however, they do not provide a holistic means of achieving this.\r\n\r\nThis research has been conducted to develop a method of Balanced Scorecard construction that overcomes the limitations and enables a holistic approach to understanding and learning. Systems thinking, systems dynamics and the systems engineering ‘Vee’ model combine to provide a new top-down/bottom-up method for understanding at the strategic, operational and tactical level. The top-down aspect develops understanding of complexity. It identifies the systemic structure of an organisation and its environment in order to locate the leverage points. The bottom-up aspect then constructs quantitative modules that provide a means of both validating measures and enabling “what if” scenario testing. A cases study demonstrates that this method provides a more systemic approach, in a systematic manner, to Balanced Scorecard construction.\r\n\r\nNOTE - 20 Dec 14: Papers re-uploaded as there were formatting errors in the originals. Now viewable","location":"Canberra, ACT, Australia","more_info":"A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering Science","organization":"University of New South Wales (ADFA Campus)","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":6,"year":2005,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Thesis (Master of Engineer Science)"},"translated_abstract":"Kaplan and Norton advocate a holistic approach to Balanced Scorecard construction. However their traditional method of construction is seen to lack a rigorous understanding of complexity and human action. This leads current Balanced Scorecards to have several limitations in the areas of feedback, delay, and validation of measurements. Balanced Scorecards also recognise the need to cascade to the lowest level; however, they do not provide a holistic means of achieving this.\r\n\r\nThis research has been conducted to develop a method of Balanced Scorecard construction that overcomes the limitations and enables a holistic approach to understanding and learning. Systems thinking, systems dynamics and the systems engineering ‘Vee’ model combine to provide a new top-down/bottom-up method for understanding at the strategic, operational and tactical level. The top-down aspect develops understanding of complexity. It identifies the systemic structure of an organisation and its environment in order to locate the leverage points. The bottom-up aspect then constructs quantitative modules that provide a means of both validating measures and enabling “what if” scenario testing. A cases study demonstrates that this method provides a more systemic approach, in a systematic manner, to Balanced Scorecard construction.\r\n\r\nNOTE - 20 Dec 14: Papers re-uploaded as there were formatting errors in the originals. Now viewable","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6499009/Realistic_Balanced_Scorecards_Systemic_Understanding_via_the_Balanced_Scorecard_Cascaded_Construction_Method","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-03-21T14:17:10.392-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10244984,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36010725,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36010725/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Realistic_BSCs_Vol_2_-_by_N_Bosio.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36010725/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Realistic_Balanced_Scorecards_Systemic_U.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/36010725/Realistic_BSCs_Vol_2_-_by_N_Bosio-libre.pdf?1419282797=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRealistic_Balanced_Scorecards_Systemic_U.pdf\u0026Expires=1742463324\u0026Signature=dkBbJzaogL2TEexbxWTz9mM~m2t4kS6eF0Nz56C9brjGqLqkQlsS9~SHTjB5lrut4phozrK4yE~hiw3jOZsl3517NGab1yfCDNNutB9QXfb~P39reNJ8A~7Dqcu64bYSbQtgeDxtliC-~N9koEYmgy30qamNJoKuQxSOFfJvVvcBKdqWPkkFu4CrNfq5vBXaNPhHA-2oSw8~9d20HEBEcgB2UK2wD83ErWJ~xV0TkbXLTjZJSQ1lv6REh~0S2HkCBSPTLwtJIiCmnrCkYTEuNEKDSDSR8EUjOw1RHJvDZKdx19WgvRle8~WRx5Ing~ATd8U5AHRKmXjHNTJenSP7jw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":36010718,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36010718/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Realistic_BSCs_Vol_1_-_By_N_Bosio.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36010718/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Realistic_Balanced_Scorecards_Systemic_U.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/36010718/Realistic_BSCs_Vol_1_-_By_N_Bosio-libre.pdf?1419281251=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRealistic_Balanced_Scorecards_Systemic_U.pdf\u0026Expires=1742463324\u0026Signature=VWubnQ8NY2xJiaz2RBWgVczz8Ee0vOM~ATasl62GoqCuPktAw3b~9WkIqH9l4NxzALH4Rn2PfarhVU7akjNMxfPFcyN~uHc1t29fXG32FAnvizb4ivu6gV0jNInHFLF8du9tI9owwuW~pdPHxGyhFIVqhuAwZ9GP7iHt3-0mSH0~G~HA5ANkDM5j8n83q1ONiQEkpBKuRxK0kq5l~eaHCpmaMK1XCuf6UrBzejupZwfyJn3GOawx8c8JzCRScZ4PVT3QNEBw7OGZcCZO2JKZZMHfkX1skJ5zUjTXlkT7Z~UNi-Yuz2np5geqi3qJvHW7Vv1q2aSQRcLPM5yZQCCUGw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Realistic_Balanced_Scorecards_Systemic_Understanding_via_the_Balanced_Scorecard_Cascaded_Construction_Method","translated_slug":"","page_count":328,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Kaplan and Norton advocate a holistic approach to Balanced Scorecard construction. However their traditional method of construction is seen to lack a rigorous understanding of complexity and human action. This leads current Balanced Scorecards to have several limitations in the areas of feedback, delay, and validation of measurements. Balanced Scorecards also recognise the need to cascade to the lowest level; however, they do not provide a holistic means of achieving this.\r\n\r\nThis research has been conducted to develop a method of Balanced Scorecard construction that overcomes the limitations and enables a holistic approach to understanding and learning. Systems thinking, systems dynamics and the systems engineering ‘Vee’ model combine to provide a new top-down/bottom-up method for understanding at the strategic, operational and tactical level. The top-down aspect develops understanding of complexity. It identifies the systemic structure of an organisation and its environment in order to locate the leverage points. The bottom-up aspect then constructs quantitative modules that provide a means of both validating measures and enabling “what if” scenario testing. A cases study demonstrates that this method provides a more systemic approach, in a systematic manner, to Balanced Scorecard construction.\r\n\r\nNOTE - 20 Dec 14: Papers re-uploaded as there were formatting errors in the originals. Now viewable","owner":{"id":10244984,"first_name":"Nick","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bosio","page_name":"NickBosio","domain_name":"anu-au","created_at":"2014-03-18T19:54:46.265-07:00","display_name":"Nick Bosio","url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/NickBosio"},"attachments":[{"id":36010725,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36010725/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Realistic_BSCs_Vol_2_-_by_N_Bosio.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36010725/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Realistic_Balanced_Scorecards_Systemic_U.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/36010725/Realistic_BSCs_Vol_2_-_by_N_Bosio-libre.pdf?1419282797=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRealistic_Balanced_Scorecards_Systemic_U.pdf\u0026Expires=1742463324\u0026Signature=dkBbJzaogL2TEexbxWTz9mM~m2t4kS6eF0Nz56C9brjGqLqkQlsS9~SHTjB5lrut4phozrK4yE~hiw3jOZsl3517NGab1yfCDNNutB9QXfb~P39reNJ8A~7Dqcu64bYSbQtgeDxtliC-~N9koEYmgy30qamNJoKuQxSOFfJvVvcBKdqWPkkFu4CrNfq5vBXaNPhHA-2oSw8~9d20HEBEcgB2UK2wD83ErWJ~xV0TkbXLTjZJSQ1lv6REh~0S2HkCBSPTLwtJIiCmnrCkYTEuNEKDSDSR8EUjOw1RHJvDZKdx19WgvRle8~WRx5Ing~ATd8U5AHRKmXjHNTJenSP7jw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":36010718,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36010718/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Realistic_BSCs_Vol_1_-_By_N_Bosio.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36010718/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Realistic_Balanced_Scorecards_Systemic_U.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/36010718/Realistic_BSCs_Vol_1_-_By_N_Bosio-libre.pdf?1419281251=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRealistic_Balanced_Scorecards_Systemic_U.pdf\u0026Expires=1742463325\u0026Signature=JZHXEBiv9~qfQoUJRD6ly-6GC2ysUCodufq2E~T-JiqRwqZJPMk0H7j9uwuWBcwDx7FFy2eT6BXYXuHMJ3xbUtffUxECy~jCSFHY2T624PwUHhuLUUsb9UVH0JSVDaDJzGq37O3R4yoeM4QBKwKVNcV~PtiaaT0JovPavIH8UjUXhjF4Z2I3OG5n3V5yXhIg0HbLuKb6N3P7kk3CsZXzMn6ISzfoYVe-KEqJ5kTlvXIHZvteRKfXWShhglA12CmZ9xssgCwrkCxdMqVcVTSW5SEJySGrX-Dnc0Jqxu0MXStX8Y-bqgXQH~HQws26j4M-ja4C6NFItzkKRSmDtRJCOw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4728,"name":"Systems Thinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systems_Thinking"},{"id":4965,"name":"Performance Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Management"},{"id":7209,"name":"Performance Measurement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Measurement"},{"id":9013,"name":"Balanced Scorecard","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balanced_Scorecard"},{"id":11592,"name":"System Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/System_Dynamics"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Journal Articles" id="Journal Articles"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Journal Articles by Nick Bosio</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="92648383"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/92648383/Gaming_to_Win_Enhancing_Military_Decision_Making"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Gaming to Win: Enhancing Military Decision-Making" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/95600862/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/92648383/Gaming_to_Win_Enhancing_Military_Decision_Making">Gaming to Win: Enhancing Military Decision-Making</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Australian Army Journal</span><span>, Dec 7, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This article argues for a culture of deliberate professional gaming. Gaming, as a part of educati...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This article argues for a culture of deliberate professional gaming. Gaming, as a part of education and as a professional pastime, was a historical norm in Western militaries. Yet, contemporary militaries treat gaming as a curiosity. This contemporary view is in stark contrast to the weight of research that highlights how games enhance the mental skills that underpin decision-making, and the mental models used in decision-making. To demonstrate these benefits, the article first explains how human decision-making links to the Military Appreciation Process. The article then outlines how gaming can enhance individual and collective decision-making skills. The article also provides an overview on how to introduce a deliberate professional gaming culture into Army, with a focus on the Royal Military College – Duntroon. The article notes that the advocated approach can be adapted to the Australian Defence Force Academy and the Australian War College. Given the changing and uncertain strategic environment, Western militaries are unlikely to enjoy the technological, material, and mass advantages of the last forty years. Enhancing military thinking and creative decision-making may provide the intellectual edge needed during this time of great power competition.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="11f6c15c51eb9d17f64eeaa1b172c5cb" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":95600862,"asset_id":92648383,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/95600862/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="92648383"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="92648383"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 92648383; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=92648383]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=92648383]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 92648383; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='92648383']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "11f6c15c51eb9d17f64eeaa1b172c5cb" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=92648383]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":92648383,"title":"Gaming to Win: Enhancing Military Decision-Making","translated_title":"","metadata":{"issue":"1","volume":"xviii","abstract":"This article argues for a culture of deliberate professional gaming. Gaming, as a part of education and as a professional pastime, was a historical norm in Western militaries. Yet, contemporary militaries treat gaming as a curiosity. This contemporary view is in stark contrast to the weight of research that highlights how games enhance the mental skills that underpin decision-making, and the mental models used in decision-making. To demonstrate these benefits, the article first explains how human decision-making links to the Military Appreciation Process. The article then outlines how gaming can enhance individual and collective decision-making skills. The article also provides an overview on how to introduce a deliberate professional gaming culture into Army, with a focus on the Royal Military College – Duntroon. The article notes that the advocated approach can be adapted to the Australian Defence Force Academy and the Australian War College. Given the changing and uncertain strategic environment, Western militaries are unlikely to enjoy the technological, material, and mass advantages of the last forty years. Enhancing military thinking and creative decision-making may provide the intellectual edge needed during this time of great power competition.","location":"Canberra, Australia","more_info":"ISSN (Digital): 2200-0992","ai_title_tag":"Enhancing Military Decision-Making through Gaming","journal_name":"Australian Army Journal","organization":"Australian Army","page_numbers":"37-68","publication_date":{"day":7,"month":12,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Australian Army Journal"},"translated_abstract":"This article argues for a culture of deliberate professional gaming. Gaming, as a part of education and as a professional pastime, was a historical norm in Western militaries. Yet, contemporary militaries treat gaming as a curiosity. This contemporary view is in stark contrast to the weight of research that highlights how games enhance the mental skills that underpin decision-making, and the mental models used in decision-making. To demonstrate these benefits, the article first explains how human decision-making links to the Military Appreciation Process. The article then outlines how gaming can enhance individual and collective decision-making skills. The article also provides an overview on how to introduce a deliberate professional gaming culture into Army, with a focus on the Royal Military College – Duntroon. The article notes that the advocated approach can be adapted to the Australian Defence Force Academy and the Australian War College. Given the changing and uncertain strategic environment, Western militaries are unlikely to enjoy the technological, material, and mass advantages of the last forty years. Enhancing military thinking and creative decision-making may provide the intellectual edge needed during this time of great power competition.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/92648383/Gaming_to_Win_Enhancing_Military_Decision_Making","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-12-11T14:37:02.342-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10244984,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":95600862,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/95600862/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"221207_Gaming_to_Win_AAJ_Vol_xvii_p37_68_.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/95600862/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Gaming_to_Win_Enhancing_Military_Decisio.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/95600862/221207_Gaming_to_Win_AAJ_Vol_xvii_p37_68_-libre.pdf?1670798424=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DGaming_to_Win_Enhancing_Military_Decisio.pdf\u0026Expires=1742463325\u0026Signature=KvlNddK6g0zWs-CtAN~WQ9Zb~oAVB4X3ykNzPEEOrOSCsYeZJu26SpvqlAHf-DkSFH73FQfUdE0atlNBKuUOecckSu7xx11bX2ZxutxgrR1Fxhs3xXk8gEtMPUQFMjJUPRygK~AYKjCe7JAmrVqtA5ND2Vp18zR9bPXuZ5eJVFdvq-hyfZX6EiG2IXbGEqqOMxG81VBLgmeF3piZD8kNx~tEZzPCoqwxX~qnuU-J0P~q61FxSN5iou2KZTUtfgpaoNCQDdrUvia9AA8lvtAuI~U-swNG7sNRmsHvN1Vo1mcW1BXtyp0lj2Yd8aLSnPCZY9DvFdhg9fKqc0mDLgMU5w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Gaming_to_Win_Enhancing_Military_Decision_Making","translated_slug":"","page_count":37,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"This article argues for a culture of deliberate professional gaming. Gaming, as a part of education and as a professional pastime, was a historical norm in Western militaries. Yet, contemporary militaries treat gaming as a curiosity. This contemporary view is in stark contrast to the weight of research that highlights how games enhance the mental skills that underpin decision-making, and the mental models used in decision-making. To demonstrate these benefits, the article first explains how human decision-making links to the Military Appreciation Process. The article then outlines how gaming can enhance individual and collective decision-making skills. The article also provides an overview on how to introduce a deliberate professional gaming culture into Army, with a focus on the Royal Military College – Duntroon. The article notes that the advocated approach can be adapted to the Australian Defence Force Academy and the Australian War College. Given the changing and uncertain strategic environment, Western militaries are unlikely to enjoy the technological, material, and mass advantages of the last forty years. Enhancing military thinking and creative decision-making may provide the intellectual edge needed during this time of great power competition.","owner":{"id":10244984,"first_name":"Nick","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bosio","page_name":"NickBosio","domain_name":"anu-au","created_at":"2014-03-18T19:54:46.265-07:00","display_name":"Nick Bosio","url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/NickBosio"},"attachments":[{"id":95600862,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/95600862/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"221207_Gaming_to_Win_AAJ_Vol_xvii_p37_68_.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/95600862/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Gaming_to_Win_Enhancing_Military_Decisio.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/95600862/221207_Gaming_to_Win_AAJ_Vol_xvii_p37_68_-libre.pdf?1670798424=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DGaming_to_Win_Enhancing_Military_Decisio.pdf\u0026Expires=1742463325\u0026Signature=KvlNddK6g0zWs-CtAN~WQ9Zb~oAVB4X3ykNzPEEOrOSCsYeZJu26SpvqlAHf-DkSFH73FQfUdE0atlNBKuUOecckSu7xx11bX2ZxutxgrR1Fxhs3xXk8gEtMPUQFMjJUPRygK~AYKjCe7JAmrVqtA5ND2Vp18zR9bPXuZ5eJVFdvq-hyfZX6EiG2IXbGEqqOMxG81VBLgmeF3piZD8kNx~tEZzPCoqwxX~qnuU-J0P~q61FxSN5iou2KZTUtfgpaoNCQDdrUvia9AA8lvtAuI~U-swNG7sNRmsHvN1Vo1mcW1BXtyp0lj2Yd8aLSnPCZY9DvFdhg9fKqc0mDLgMU5w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History"},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science"},{"id":559,"name":"Military Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Science"},{"id":561,"name":"Doctrine (Military Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Doctrine_Military_Science_"},{"id":579,"name":"Strategy (Military Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy_Military_Science_"},{"id":580,"name":"Tactics (Military Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tactics_Military_Science_"},{"id":1681,"name":"Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making"},{"id":2537,"name":"Heuristics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heuristics"},{"id":30072,"name":"Military Simulations and Training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Simulations_and_Training"},{"id":39946,"name":"Military","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military"},{"id":48164,"name":"Board Games","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Board_Games"},{"id":55284,"name":"Gaming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gaming"},{"id":100831,"name":"Mental Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Models"},{"id":114978,"name":"Wargaming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wargaming"},{"id":180315,"name":"Professional Military Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Professional_Military_Education"},{"id":288141,"name":"Wargames","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wargames"},{"id":402505,"name":"Military Operational Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Operational_Art"},{"id":665780,"name":"Strategy and Military Operations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy_and_Military_Operations"},{"id":672195,"name":"Operational Planning and Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Operational_Planning_and_Design"},{"id":2029984,"name":"Military theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_theory"}],"urls":[{"id":26907684,"url":"https://researchcentre.army.gov.au/library/australian-army-journal-aaj/volume-18-number-1"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="75766053"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75766053/Moulding_Wars_Thinking_Using_Wargaming_to_Broaden_Military_Minds"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Moulding War's Thinking: Using Wargaming to Broaden Military Minds" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83406597/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75766053/Moulding_Wars_Thinking_Using_Wargaming_to_Broaden_Military_Minds">Moulding War's Thinking: Using Wargaming to Broaden Military Minds</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Australian Army Journal</span><span>, Dec 17, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Unrestricted wargames can build confidence, test mental models, and provide a method to create mi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Unrestricted wargames can build confidence, test mental models, and provide a method to create military experiences outside of live exercises and direct combat operations. By pitting an individual or group against other living beings, these wargames require military professionals to confront the uncertainty of war. The dynamic nature of such wargames helps translate military theory into military practice. This article argues that unrestricted wargaming is a vital component of broadening military officers’ minds. By examining US and Japanese wargaming practices, the article proposes that unrestricted wargaming should be incorporated into Australian Army junior officer training courses to help officers test their biases, frame problems and accept alternative viewpoints.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="522a0ed4ffcd258765289efae4af6bb0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":83406597,"asset_id":75766053,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83406597/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75766053"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75766053"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75766053; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75766053]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75766053]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75766053; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='75766053']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "522a0ed4ffcd258765289efae4af6bb0" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75766053]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75766053,"title":"Moulding War's Thinking: Using Wargaming to Broaden Military Minds","translated_title":"","metadata":{"issue":"2","volume":"16","abstract":"Unrestricted wargames can build confidence, test mental models, and provide a method to create military experiences outside of live exercises and direct combat operations. By pitting an individual or group against other living beings, these wargames require military professionals to confront the uncertainty of war. The dynamic nature of such wargames helps translate military theory into military practice. This article argues that unrestricted wargaming is a vital component of broadening military officers’ minds. By examining US and Japanese wargaming practices, the article proposes that unrestricted wargaming should be incorporated into Australian Army junior officer training courses to help officers test their biases, frame problems and accept alternative viewpoints.","location":"Canberra, ACT, Australia","journal_name":"Australian Army Journal","organization":"Australian Army Research Centre","page_numbers":"25-48","publication_date":{"day":17,"month":12,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Australian Army Journal"},"translated_abstract":"Unrestricted wargames can build confidence, test mental models, and provide a method to create military experiences outside of live exercises and direct combat operations. By pitting an individual or group against other living beings, these wargames require military professionals to confront the uncertainty of war. The dynamic nature of such wargames helps translate military theory into military practice. This article argues that unrestricted wargaming is a vital component of broadening military officers’ minds. By examining US and Japanese wargaming practices, the article proposes that unrestricted wargaming should be incorporated into Australian Army junior officer training courses to help officers test their biases, frame problems and accept alternative viewpoints.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75766053/Moulding_Wars_Thinking_Using_Wargaming_to_Broaden_Military_Minds","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-04-07T18:22:30.540-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10244984,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83406597,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83406597/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"201217_AAJ_Moulding_Wars_Thinking_Using_Wargaming_to_Broaden_Military_Minds_NJ_Bosio.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83406597/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Moulding_Wars_Thinking_Using_Wargaming_t.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/83406597/201217_AAJ_Moulding_Wars_Thinking_Using_Wargaming_to_Broaden_Military_Minds_NJ_Bosio-libre.pdf?1649383903=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMoulding_Wars_Thinking_Using_Wargaming_t.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446500\u0026Signature=R6ou3sODig~1Qn3ivqufJz1Thq7Yypzc5ay0i5-mNoWPjIN4KYy6XEN0hC7omB0GO-DMKIqcE0tO1E0LaVmP6kOqOme8w2XEqX2lW4w0Lvf~yFWvYtDBBbt6IuvNznhdruMtysuwM-9GEvjLbqCpPWWIKarzomHtOBBvX~HSGcQ1M-38Bj-o6xbGkfXC2eHKLs31YIwQv4wuZi11N~Npkgf9wztZazEgGcUO8h7ggqBpP7DaueQJ5RTMlWhHR5XY1ZVn6O2tqjTjc9Gh7VfKL9zmjiKloRvEATF0UbrULnWSmZvCCGYTY9GhmyCqPxTGoGkB2V20Xs6hzR3dHdP~oA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Moulding_Wars_Thinking_Using_Wargaming_to_Broaden_Military_Minds","translated_slug":"","page_count":24,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Unrestricted wargames can build confidence, test mental models, and provide a method to create military experiences outside of live exercises and direct combat operations. By pitting an individual or group against other living beings, these wargames require military professionals to confront the uncertainty of war. The dynamic nature of such wargames helps translate military theory into military practice. This article argues that unrestricted wargaming is a vital component of broadening military officers’ minds. By examining US and Japanese wargaming practices, the article proposes that unrestricted wargaming should be incorporated into Australian Army junior officer training courses to help officers test their biases, frame problems and accept alternative viewpoints.","owner":{"id":10244984,"first_name":"Nick","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bosio","page_name":"NickBosio","domain_name":"anu-au","created_at":"2014-03-18T19:54:46.265-07:00","display_name":"Nick Bosio","url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/NickBosio"},"attachments":[{"id":83406597,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83406597/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"201217_AAJ_Moulding_Wars_Thinking_Using_Wargaming_to_Broaden_Military_Minds_NJ_Bosio.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83406597/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Moulding_Wars_Thinking_Using_Wargaming_t.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/83406597/201217_AAJ_Moulding_Wars_Thinking_Using_Wargaming_to_Broaden_Military_Minds_NJ_Bosio-libre.pdf?1649383903=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMoulding_Wars_Thinking_Using_Wargaming_t.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446500\u0026Signature=R6ou3sODig~1Qn3ivqufJz1Thq7Yypzc5ay0i5-mNoWPjIN4KYy6XEN0hC7omB0GO-DMKIqcE0tO1E0LaVmP6kOqOme8w2XEqX2lW4w0Lvf~yFWvYtDBBbt6IuvNznhdruMtysuwM-9GEvjLbqCpPWWIKarzomHtOBBvX~HSGcQ1M-38Bj-o6xbGkfXC2eHKLs31YIwQv4wuZi11N~Npkgf9wztZazEgGcUO8h7ggqBpP7DaueQJ5RTMlWhHR5XY1ZVn6O2tqjTjc9Gh7VfKL9zmjiKloRvEATF0UbrULnWSmZvCCGYTY9GhmyCqPxTGoGkB2V20Xs6hzR3dHdP~oA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History"},{"id":559,"name":"Military Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Science"},{"id":579,"name":"Strategy (Military Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy_Military_Science_"},{"id":580,"name":"Tactics (Military Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tactics_Military_Science_"},{"id":3872,"name":"War Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Studies"},{"id":3873,"name":"Strategic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_Studies"},{"id":12739,"name":"Second World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_World_War"},{"id":74580,"name":"Iraq War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iraq_War"},{"id":80121,"name":"Inter-War Period","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inter-War_Period"},{"id":114978,"name":"Wargaming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wargaming"},{"id":177568,"name":"2003 Iraq War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/2003_Iraq_War"},{"id":179286,"name":"Art of War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_of_War"},{"id":180315,"name":"Professional Military Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Professional_Military_Education"},{"id":180993,"name":"Habits of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Habits_of_Mind"},{"id":288141,"name":"Wargames","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wargames"},{"id":294517,"name":"Defense and Strategic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Defense_and_Strategic_Studies"},{"id":402505,"name":"Military Operational Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Operational_Art"},{"id":637748,"name":"Tactical Wargames","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tactical_Wargames"},{"id":2029984,"name":"Military theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_theory"}],"urls":[{"id":19233199,"url":"https://researchcentre.army.gov.au/library/australian-army-journal-aaj/volume-16-number-2"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers, Short Articles" id="Papers, Short Articles"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers, Short Articles by Nick Bosio</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="75769240"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75769240/Integrated_Campaigning_Part_2_Developing_Our_People_for_Integrated_Campaigning"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Integrated Campaigning (Part 2): Developing Our People for Integrated Campaigning" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83408617/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75769240/Integrated_Campaigning_Part_2_Developing_Our_People_for_Integrated_Campaigning">Integrated Campaigning (Part 2): Developing Our People for Integrated Campaigning</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Cove</span><span>, Apr 4, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Integrated Campaigning is the ADF’s single capstone concept that describes how the ADF maximises ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Integrated Campaigning is the ADF’s single capstone concept that describes how the ADF maximises and applies power to defend Australia and its national interests. Integrated Campaigning is the focussed aggregation and application of national power in pursuit of national interests, achieved by realising the potential of ADF’s people, ideas and material, combined with those of allies and partners. To achieve such integration requires the ADF to foster and grow key characteristics in its people. This article explores these traits.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="433e666c4b13783a5b9d781fe07345f0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":83408617,"asset_id":75769240,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83408617/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75769240"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75769240"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75769240; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75769240]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75769240]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75769240; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='75769240']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "433e666c4b13783a5b9d781fe07345f0" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75769240]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75769240,"title":"Integrated Campaigning (Part 2): Developing Our People for Integrated Campaigning","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Integrated Campaigning is the ADF’s single capstone concept that describes how the ADF maximises and applies power to defend Australia and its national interests. Integrated Campaigning is the focussed aggregation and application of national power in pursuit of national interests, achieved by realising the potential of ADF’s people, ideas and material, combined with those of allies and partners. To achieve such integration requires the ADF to foster and grow key characteristics in its people. This article explores these traits.","location":"Sydney, NSW, Australia","organization":"Australian Army","publication_date":{"day":4,"month":4,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"The Cove"},"translated_abstract":"Integrated Campaigning is the ADF’s single capstone concept that describes how the ADF maximises and applies power to defend Australia and its national interests. Integrated Campaigning is the focussed aggregation and application of national power in pursuit of national interests, achieved by realising the potential of ADF’s people, ideas and material, combined with those of allies and partners. To achieve such integration requires the ADF to foster and grow key characteristics in its people. This article explores these traits.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75769240/Integrated_Campaigning_Part_2_Developing_Our_People_for_Integrated_Campaigning","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-04-07T19:32:56.437-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10244984,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83408617,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83408617/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"220404_Integrated_Campaigning_Part_2_Developing_Ou.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83408617/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Integrated_Campaigning_Part_2_Developing.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/83408617/220404_Integrated_Campaigning_Part_2_Developing_Ou-libre.pdf?1649385973=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIntegrated_Campaigning_Part_2_Developing.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446500\u0026Signature=DpF5iBb5ZmpQQWUDPx8U-J2FxTPewh2ZgywEYMOrAu28vBnJ2AFo023IRtk9Xb2Lh9DcED-e3Ud0bf44tbaeN5dd4QgS2-7-6gGdfjGecDHGnSfev-7ci~BU24kDrw5-bJho0tY6kb-y2ECwdcBVPWHx6S0t52bbgz1jevF0i~q86LzTQa643IIRg-lHHfH5uv938XiAHghEEQtH9Wy-~vOPkMSzl6zLVnRMNkJGw44MOB7~auOxvNKLtWL0xyzo5UN4hdJPXoVyj1JyTtt9bl~82vGkawnM2q~lGiQKbGaPWVAUcvniZHhnMoc-rfw0D58GU4VuwOCtD4CQnZ3b8g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Integrated_Campaigning_Part_2_Developing_Our_People_for_Integrated_Campaigning","translated_slug":"","page_count":17,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Integrated Campaigning is the ADF’s single capstone concept that describes how the ADF maximises and applies power to defend Australia and its national interests. Integrated Campaigning is the focussed aggregation and application of national power in pursuit of national interests, achieved by realising the potential of ADF’s people, ideas and material, combined with those of allies and partners. To achieve such integration requires the ADF to foster and grow key characteristics in its people. This article explores these traits.","owner":{"id":10244984,"first_name":"Nick","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bosio","page_name":"NickBosio","domain_name":"anu-au","created_at":"2014-03-18T19:54:46.265-07:00","display_name":"Nick Bosio","url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/NickBosio"},"attachments":[{"id":83408617,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83408617/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"220404_Integrated_Campaigning_Part_2_Developing_Ou.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83408617/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Integrated_Campaigning_Part_2_Developing.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/83408617/220404_Integrated_Campaigning_Part_2_Developing_Ou-libre.pdf?1649385973=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIntegrated_Campaigning_Part_2_Developing.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446500\u0026Signature=DpF5iBb5ZmpQQWUDPx8U-J2FxTPewh2ZgywEYMOrAu28vBnJ2AFo023IRtk9Xb2Lh9DcED-e3Ud0bf44tbaeN5dd4QgS2-7-6gGdfjGecDHGnSfev-7ci~BU24kDrw5-bJho0tY6kb-y2ECwdcBVPWHx6S0t52bbgz1jevF0i~q86LzTQa643IIRg-lHHfH5uv938XiAHghEEQtH9Wy-~vOPkMSzl6zLVnRMNkJGw44MOB7~auOxvNKLtWL0xyzo5UN4hdJPXoVyj1JyTtt9bl~82vGkawnM2q~lGiQKbGaPWVAUcvniZHhnMoc-rfw0D58GU4VuwOCtD4CQnZ3b8g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":559,"name":"Military Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Science"},{"id":568,"name":"Military Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Ethics"},{"id":19981,"name":"Military Culture and Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Culture_and_Structure"},{"id":98278,"name":"Military Leadership","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Leadership"},{"id":179286,"name":"Art of War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_of_War"},{"id":402505,"name":"Military Operational Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Operational_Art"},{"id":480747,"name":"Operational Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Operational_Art"},{"id":597839,"name":"Military Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Education"},{"id":2029984,"name":"Military theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_theory"}],"urls":[{"id":19234282,"url":"https://cove.army.gov.au/article/integrated-campaigning-part-2-developing-our-people-integrated-campaigning"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="75766932"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75766932/What_RIGHT_Looks_Like_Linking_Command_and_Moral_Authority"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of What 'RIGHT' Looks Like: Linking Command and Moral Authority" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83407237/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75766932/What_RIGHT_Looks_Like_Linking_Command_and_Moral_Authority">What 'RIGHT' Looks Like: Linking Command and Moral Authority</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Forge</span><span>, Aug 19, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Understanding the differences between legal and moral authority is critical. Without this, milita...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Understanding the differences between legal and moral authority is critical. Without this, military officers may believe the legal authority to give an order is a moral absolute. This article argues that moral authority is a vital part of command and leadership. The article explains what moral authority is, how it relates to command and leadership, and why more education on moral authority is required for military officers.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bc115f7d5a8aa160b14969306e0207b2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":83407237,"asset_id":75766932,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83407237/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75766932"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75766932"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75766932; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75766932]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75766932]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75766932; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='75766932']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "bc115f7d5a8aa160b14969306e0207b2" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75766932]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75766932,"title":"What 'RIGHT' Looks Like: Linking Command and Moral Authority","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Understanding the differences between legal and moral authority is critical. Without this, military officers may believe the legal authority to give an order is a moral absolute. This article argues that moral authority is a vital part of command and leadership. The article explains what moral authority is, how it relates to command and leadership, and why more education on moral authority is required for military officers.","location":"Canberra, ACT, Australia","organization":"Australian Defence College","publication_date":{"day":19,"month":8,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"The Forge"},"translated_abstract":"Understanding the differences between legal and moral authority is critical. Without this, military officers may believe the legal authority to give an order is a moral absolute. This article argues that moral authority is a vital part of command and leadership. The article explains what moral authority is, how it relates to command and leadership, and why more education on moral authority is required for military officers.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75766932/What_RIGHT_Looks_Like_Linking_Command_and_Moral_Authority","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-04-07T18:47:53.544-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10244984,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83407237,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83407237/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"200819_What_RIGHT_Looks_Like_Linking_Command_and_Moral_Authority_The_Forge.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83407237/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"What_RIGHT_Looks_Like_Linking_Command_an.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/83407237/200819_What_RIGHT_Looks_Like_Linking_Command_and_Moral_Authority_The_Forge-libre.pdf?1649383856=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWhat_RIGHT_Looks_Like_Linking_Command_an.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446500\u0026Signature=ZavgBqD3KlemAUAcEqTsoO-eHAyHsX6LaPeTieCFQpmXU~iUt2a58czZef0Z~rn0CTIKjodw-EGgIQgV5huv2zYCwOiWJidFCAdb5g4ji~~q4cxXQ7~crXGjkBsPIifgKv0Hb6H4rndlnSsshmqntOTEzGnqN-bgdkHba2QcFzf-PsIlx0SO8C2AqZswdiEJ-FzDyvsGMWHWgrDonfvEKe59Gf6Yknl5jPJuv7pDgTVEA6cuHD1fWLGfvqMftNJFIrXgHW0eH-pXAGh8-ffZvfjWdFBhFAyRcOqvZFVVf1sXxpwNvSun-sXhdOtBpYGpA1ChBY9~UD3Bmz1HcuIUTg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"What_RIGHT_Looks_Like_Linking_Command_and_Moral_Authority","translated_slug":"","page_count":21,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Understanding the differences between legal and moral authority is critical. Without this, military officers may believe the legal authority to give an order is a moral absolute. This article argues that moral authority is a vital part of command and leadership. The article explains what moral authority is, how it relates to command and leadership, and why more education on moral authority is required for military officers.","owner":{"id":10244984,"first_name":"Nick","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bosio","page_name":"NickBosio","domain_name":"anu-au","created_at":"2014-03-18T19:54:46.265-07:00","display_name":"Nick Bosio","url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/NickBosio"},"attachments":[{"id":83407237,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83407237/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"200819_What_RIGHT_Looks_Like_Linking_Command_and_Moral_Authority_The_Forge.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83407237/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"What_RIGHT_Looks_Like_Linking_Command_an.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/83407237/200819_What_RIGHT_Looks_Like_Linking_Command_and_Moral_Authority_The_Forge-libre.pdf?1649383856=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWhat_RIGHT_Looks_Like_Linking_Command_an.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446500\u0026Signature=ZavgBqD3KlemAUAcEqTsoO-eHAyHsX6LaPeTieCFQpmXU~iUt2a58czZef0Z~rn0CTIKjodw-EGgIQgV5huv2zYCwOiWJidFCAdb5g4ji~~q4cxXQ7~crXGjkBsPIifgKv0Hb6H4rndlnSsshmqntOTEzGnqN-bgdkHba2QcFzf-PsIlx0SO8C2AqZswdiEJ-FzDyvsGMWHWgrDonfvEKe59Gf6Yknl5jPJuv7pDgTVEA6cuHD1fWLGfvqMftNJFIrXgHW0eH-pXAGh8-ffZvfjWdFBhFAyRcOqvZFVVf1sXxpwNvSun-sXhdOtBpYGpA1ChBY9~UD3Bmz1HcuIUTg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":209,"name":"Social Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Theory"},{"id":568,"name":"Military Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Ethics"},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy"},{"id":2459,"name":"Social Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Philosophy"},{"id":2825,"name":"Power (social)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_social_"},{"id":2969,"name":"Leadership","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leadership"},{"id":3872,"name":"War Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Studies"},{"id":18373,"name":"Moral Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Philosophy"},{"id":98278,"name":"Military Leadership","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Leadership"},{"id":180315,"name":"Professional Military Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Professional_Military_Education"},{"id":332646,"name":"Moral Authority","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Authority"},{"id":960038,"name":"Theory of Power","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theory_of_Power"}],"urls":[{"id":19233533,"url":"https://theforge.defence.gov.au/publications/what-right-looks-linking-command-and-moral-authority"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="75766646"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75766646/What_Is_War_Defining_War_Conflict_and_Competition"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of What Is War: Defining War, Conflict, and Competition" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83407022/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75766646/What_Is_War_Defining_War_Conflict_and_Competition">What Is War: Defining War, Conflict, and Competition</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Land Power Forum</span><span>, Mar 5, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">With rising great power contestation and increasing strategic risk across the globe, everything s...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">With rising great power contestation and increasing strategic risk across the globe, everything seems to be called ‘war’. Although war means more than its narrow dictionary definition, the question remains: what is war? This article defines war, conflict, and competition. Without understanding what war is, military professionals advise governments and policy makers.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4db1d075591eb70454d62f64baf3665e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":83407022,"asset_id":75766646,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83407022/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75766646"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75766646"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75766646; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75766646]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75766646]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75766646; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='75766646']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4db1d075591eb70454d62f64baf3665e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75766646]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75766646,"title":"What Is War: Defining War, Conflict, and Competition","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"With rising great power contestation and increasing strategic risk across the globe, everything seems to be called ‘war’. Although war means more than its narrow dictionary definition, the question remains: what is war? This article defines war, conflict, and competition. Without understanding what war is, military professionals advise governments and policy makers.","location":"Canberra, ACT, Australia","more_info":"Replublished 10 Feb 2022","organization":"Australian Army Research Centre","publication_date":{"day":5,"month":3,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Land Power Forum"},"translated_abstract":"With rising great power contestation and increasing strategic risk across the globe, everything seems to be called ‘war’. Although war means more than its narrow dictionary definition, the question remains: what is war? This article defines war, conflict, and competition. Without understanding what war is, military professionals advise governments and policy makers.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75766646/What_Is_War_Defining_War_Conflict_and_Competition","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-04-07T18:38:59.059-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10244984,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83407022,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83407022/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"220408_What_Is_War_Defining_War_Conflict_and_Competition_Australian_Army_Research_Centre_AARC_.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83407022/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"What_Is_War_Defining_War_Conflict_and_Co.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/83407022/220408_What_Is_War_Defining_War_Conflict_and_Competition_Australian_Army_Research_Centre_AARC_-libre.pdf?1649383872=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWhat_Is_War_Defining_War_Conflict_and_Co.pdf\u0026Expires=1742463325\u0026Signature=gmCn4UImYsgHNWOpE~MBgutvZBW0EMF4sUzaBhq5J8mh-03dRqNGTJlv4tgCx1RWH7jouS3t9bxcFhfbnVVGc28cJgTYcLB3L0fToPOh0fHrEGmehXEyK8AuWQIlH3HGccV3A0VBmB1RyqGFXQIz3snQ4sUdq~aEeUYG8ZW9FhhsHzNnTEK-dUDoHdQu-5fwS0oWbdh-C2t2jP4hDAc2KCvy3MjH6-AdpMWL93Kx8S4Kck5hqXLbQArPOdwiXQjgo9QaWvlZw5qocUelVYp-rIFpQHAIUQwPx0kfAkn0dNAzNO0dx9UH~DjvoKw9Qtmp4fVdlfqAGMC2GbUOxHf2xw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"What_Is_War_Defining_War_Conflict_and_Competition","translated_slug":"","page_count":10,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"With rising great power contestation and increasing strategic risk across the globe, everything seems to be called ‘war’. Although war means more than its narrow dictionary definition, the question remains: what is war? This article defines war, conflict, and competition. Without understanding what war is, military professionals advise governments and policy makers.","owner":{"id":10244984,"first_name":"Nick","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bosio","page_name":"NickBosio","domain_name":"anu-au","created_at":"2014-03-18T19:54:46.265-07:00","display_name":"Nick Bosio","url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/NickBosio"},"attachments":[{"id":83407022,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83407022/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"220408_What_Is_War_Defining_War_Conflict_and_Competition_Australian_Army_Research_Centre_AARC_.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83407022/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"What_Is_War_Defining_War_Conflict_and_Co.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/83407022/220408_What_Is_War_Defining_War_Conflict_and_Competition_Australian_Army_Research_Centre_AARC_-libre.pdf?1649383872=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWhat_Is_War_Defining_War_Conflict_and_Co.pdf\u0026Expires=1742463325\u0026Signature=gmCn4UImYsgHNWOpE~MBgutvZBW0EMF4sUzaBhq5J8mh-03dRqNGTJlv4tgCx1RWH7jouS3t9bxcFhfbnVVGc28cJgTYcLB3L0fToPOh0fHrEGmehXEyK8AuWQIlH3HGccV3A0VBmB1RyqGFXQIz3snQ4sUdq~aEeUYG8ZW9FhhsHzNnTEK-dUDoHdQu-5fwS0oWbdh-C2t2jP4hDAc2KCvy3MjH6-AdpMWL93Kx8S4Kck5hqXLbQArPOdwiXQjgo9QaWvlZw5qocUelVYp-rIFpQHAIUQwPx0kfAkn0dNAzNO0dx9UH~DjvoKw9Qtmp4fVdlfqAGMC2GbUOxHf2xw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History"},{"id":559,"name":"Military Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Science"},{"id":579,"name":"Strategy (Military Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy_Military_Science_"},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations"},{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory"},{"id":3872,"name":"War Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Studies"},{"id":3873,"name":"Strategic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_Studies"},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science"},{"id":44426,"name":"Military Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Studies"},{"id":59858,"name":"Geopolitcs and Geostrategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitcs_and_Geostrategy"},{"id":179286,"name":"Art of War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_of_War"},{"id":180315,"name":"Professional Military Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Professional_Military_Education"},{"id":294517,"name":"Defense and Strategic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Defense_and_Strategic_Studies"},{"id":402505,"name":"Military Operational Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Operational_Art"},{"id":480747,"name":"Operational Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Operational_Art"},{"id":2029984,"name":"Military theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_theory"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="36454676"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/36454676/IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of IO Theory: Creating Resonance" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56370098/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/36454676/IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance">IO Theory: Creating Resonance</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Land Power Forum</span><span>, Apr 20, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Our current conflicts require action across all domains: the physical, information and cognitive....</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Our current conflicts require action across all domains: the physical, information and cognitive. However, one must ask if the idea of ‘messaging and narrative’ has been over emphasised to the detriment of real actions. Is Information Operations (IO) the new black?<br /><br />This online article discusses the importance of social frames and how both physical actions and information operations must interact to create a narrative overall - not just "lethal" and "non-lethal" actions. Such a narrative must align with social frames, else they will be ignored or perceived to be negative. This is relevant to not only operations, but also Building Partner Capacity and Campaign Planning.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f36a39e3924d9300b9b506854a348987" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":56370098,"asset_id":36454676,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56370098/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="36454676"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36454676"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36454676; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36454676]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36454676]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36454676; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='36454676']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f36a39e3924d9300b9b506854a348987" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=36454676]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":36454676,"title":"IO Theory: Creating Resonance","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Our current conflicts require action across all domains: the physical, information and cognitive. However, one must ask if the idea of ‘messaging and narrative’ has been over emphasised to the detriment of real actions. Is Information Operations (IO) the new black?\n\nThis online article discusses the importance of social frames and how both physical actions and information operations must interact to create a narrative overall - not just \"lethal\" and \"non-lethal\" actions. Such a narrative must align with social frames, else they will be ignored or perceived to be negative. This is relevant to not only operations, but also Building Partner Capacity and Campaign Planning.","more_info":"20 April 2014 - Republished. PDF, links updated. Figures also uploaded.","ai_title_tag":"Resonance in Information Operations and Social Narratives","publication_date":{"day":20,"month":4,"year":2018,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Land Power Forum"},"translated_abstract":"Our current conflicts require action across all domains: the physical, information and cognitive. However, one must ask if the idea of ‘messaging and narrative’ has been over emphasised to the detriment of real actions. Is Information Operations (IO) the new black?\n\nThis online article discusses the importance of social frames and how both physical actions and information operations must interact to create a narrative overall - not just \"lethal\" and \"non-lethal\" actions. Such a narrative must align with social frames, else they will be ignored or perceived to be negative. This is relevant to not only operations, but also Building Partner Capacity and Campaign Planning.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36454676/IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2018-04-20T18:08:07.878-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10244984,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56370098,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56370098/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Figure_1_-_IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56370098/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/56370098/Figure_1_-_IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance-libre.pdf?1524275780=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIO_Theory_Creating_Resonance.pdf\u0026Expires=1742463325\u0026Signature=C175re55-5v9u3sh3vxNzU1hsUXbTbHm1zhhzCKhe8qenUJy-CY-FZOQNB58sFvQCk4PmNvfOJ2-12fYqmfbS6kVeQNoDq~NZkja8VnSs5vq2yA-4GNrVJ7ccVRhknhvu9gxW~wU45jxuL9u6VzVtkqr7NhR~TVLxKVET5ajqEK5NxBvyEAMjeUkoagAxdn80j0dmziAiWlEXV8E0XSshRHGLqHzKSRfZUeICvfr65k51EsXl3jP2B1hrSebU9Tz4w6dgBvu1oFqdV-L0y4qXad0L~k9UyREehDH~MH6HjHIkwqqZByBNmgi-kV7ChyceLD41QD6N8w1XuuSJdypFQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":56369976,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56369976/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"180420_-_IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56369976/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/56369976/180420_-_IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance-libre.pdf?1524273291=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIO_Theory_Creating_Resonance.pdf\u0026Expires=1742463325\u0026Signature=CJ1vUR78nHzj5mb0C7RvwJJYUhdVMYm0lP3zmIpx1zHBbi27lqyf1u-TvOOTJUR~S0Tv93D0fLwBvKvf3nJMTlbTQuIMESN1ADSNAI~hn0Y1bWOGn8mZCyLWpPu0x2tXzrUYOKox~nt6DIFYN7t7Rorz9kqnf~yY0m4jehgdGiESDfhh-DgumP4M0VJlnmDVApta8xIxhE7MPSup9OayrLFeZw-zApJeap2jz~1hJoY3eId42mTkmDRWdY4M~694gSB5ItBqn3bCXytzipHHUKbx2LKUu~FedWBHtkxqj-~kCXILSDCGKtiiRJKe2OuC3p0zHnplB-eOLYl8-9PB9w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":56370099,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56370099/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Figure_2_-_IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56370099/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/56370099/Figure_2_-_IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance-libre.pdf?1524275780=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIO_Theory_Creating_Resonance.pdf\u0026Expires=1742463325\u0026Signature=D0H9jrOfiBSCESgYnILk1PtSUaW7ULGsfWzhUHn8hNFFj3ngIBeCx~fg1S58myItffHDPWj47TjFexPm3rWtZSJvdp~nV6kS54TlQHm4-ZuZgaO2TMwtSv9J0pYo9yKVAJoultybTwi4cZ92FLjVxTEZea9ZmDEW7t815DfChqEaZI0cGg4rXOs56ctsDsNBfVht~i13t6oT-O4aZ5DzuZhpCPQfhD1m9n0UTvZ0~V8rqL8sGiWUg08WbkG8woy~RVFMuW2rtm~smTgWlCUsIaNzaVmNYZjywBPhr1hzkPIB-sa0XOufu08PZnqsIoySFJi~hJOqKWecOAXWCCeyvw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance","translated_slug":"","page_count":4,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Our current conflicts require action across all domains: the physical, information and cognitive. However, one must ask if the idea of ‘messaging and narrative’ has been over emphasised to the detriment of real actions. Is Information Operations (IO) the new black?\n\nThis online article discusses the importance of social frames and how both physical actions and information operations must interact to create a narrative overall - not just \"lethal\" and \"non-lethal\" actions. Such a narrative must align with social frames, else they will be ignored or perceived to be negative. This is relevant to not only operations, but also Building Partner Capacity and Campaign Planning.","owner":{"id":10244984,"first_name":"Nick","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bosio","page_name":"NickBosio","domain_name":"anu-au","created_at":"2014-03-18T19:54:46.265-07:00","display_name":"Nick Bosio","url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/NickBosio"},"attachments":[{"id":56370098,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56370098/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Figure_1_-_IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56370098/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/56370098/Figure_1_-_IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance-libre.pdf?1524275780=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIO_Theory_Creating_Resonance.pdf\u0026Expires=1742463325\u0026Signature=C175re55-5v9u3sh3vxNzU1hsUXbTbHm1zhhzCKhe8qenUJy-CY-FZOQNB58sFvQCk4PmNvfOJ2-12fYqmfbS6kVeQNoDq~NZkja8VnSs5vq2yA-4GNrVJ7ccVRhknhvu9gxW~wU45jxuL9u6VzVtkqr7NhR~TVLxKVET5ajqEK5NxBvyEAMjeUkoagAxdn80j0dmziAiWlEXV8E0XSshRHGLqHzKSRfZUeICvfr65k51EsXl3jP2B1hrSebU9Tz4w6dgBvu1oFqdV-L0y4qXad0L~k9UyREehDH~MH6HjHIkwqqZByBNmgi-kV7ChyceLD41QD6N8w1XuuSJdypFQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":56369976,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56369976/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"180420_-_IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56369976/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/56369976/180420_-_IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance-libre.pdf?1524273291=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIO_Theory_Creating_Resonance.pdf\u0026Expires=1742463325\u0026Signature=CJ1vUR78nHzj5mb0C7RvwJJYUhdVMYm0lP3zmIpx1zHBbi27lqyf1u-TvOOTJUR~S0Tv93D0fLwBvKvf3nJMTlbTQuIMESN1ADSNAI~hn0Y1bWOGn8mZCyLWpPu0x2tXzrUYOKox~nt6DIFYN7t7Rorz9kqnf~yY0m4jehgdGiESDfhh-DgumP4M0VJlnmDVApta8xIxhE7MPSup9OayrLFeZw-zApJeap2jz~1hJoY3eId42mTkmDRWdY4M~694gSB5ItBqn3bCXytzipHHUKbx2LKUu~FedWBHtkxqj-~kCXILSDCGKtiiRJKe2OuC3p0zHnplB-eOLYl8-9PB9w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":56370099,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56370099/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Figure_2_-_IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56370099/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/56370099/Figure_2_-_IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance-libre.pdf?1524275780=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIO_Theory_Creating_Resonance.pdf\u0026Expires=1742463325\u0026Signature=D0H9jrOfiBSCESgYnILk1PtSUaW7ULGsfWzhUHn8hNFFj3ngIBeCx~fg1S58myItffHDPWj47TjFexPm3rWtZSJvdp~nV6kS54TlQHm4-ZuZgaO2TMwtSv9J0pYo9yKVAJoultybTwi4cZ92FLjVxTEZea9ZmDEW7t815DfChqEaZI0cGg4rXOs56ctsDsNBfVht~i13t6oT-O4aZ5DzuZhpCPQfhD1m9n0UTvZ0~V8rqL8sGiWUg08WbkG8woy~RVFMuW2rtm~smTgWlCUsIaNzaVmNYZjywBPhr1hzkPIB-sa0XOufu08PZnqsIoySFJi~hJOqKWecOAXWCCeyvw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2391,"name":"War Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Theory"},{"id":18086,"name":"Information operations (IO)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_operations_IO_"},{"id":92441,"name":"Military Education and Training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Education_and_Training"},{"id":111100,"name":"Command and Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Command_and_Control"},{"id":180315,"name":"Professional Military Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Professional_Military_Education"},{"id":283242,"name":"Military Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Planning"},{"id":480747,"name":"Operational Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Operational_Art"},{"id":665780,"name":"Strategy and Military Operations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy_and_Military_Operations"},{"id":2029984,"name":"Military theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_theory"}],"urls":[{"id":19232351,"url":"https://researchcentre.army.gov.au/library/land-power-forum/io-theory-creating-resonance"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="21499149"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/21499149/Command_for_the_Mission_Understanding_Mission_Command"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Command for the Mission: Understanding Mission Command" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56369919/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/21499149/Command_for_the_Mission_Understanding_Mission_Command">Command for the Mission: Understanding Mission Command</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Land Power Forum</span><span>, Mar 26, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Mission Command is a phrase that is often applied, but rarely understood. This blog takes a light...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Mission Command is a phrase that is often applied, but rarely understood. This blog takes a light hearted review of the context of Mission Command, and its origins as the German military philosophy of Auftragstaktik. Through this approach, the blog highlights that mission command is exactly what the phrase says - command appropriate for the mission: sometimes Directive, and other times Directed Control.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="25c006c07543bb898b462defd684d528" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":56369919,"asset_id":21499149,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56369919/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="21499149"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21499149"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21499149; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21499149]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21499149]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21499149; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='21499149']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "25c006c07543bb898b462defd684d528" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=21499149]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":21499149,"title":"Command for the Mission: Understanding Mission Command","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Mission Command is a phrase that is often applied, but rarely understood. This blog takes a light hearted review of the context of Mission Command, and its origins as the German military philosophy of Auftragstaktik. Through this approach, the blog highlights that mission command is exactly what the phrase says - command appropriate for the mission: sometimes Directive, and other times Directed Control.","location":"Canberra, ACT, Australia","more_info":"21 April 2018 - Republished March 2018. PDF and Link updated","ai_title_tag":"Understanding Mission Command Dynamics","organization":"Australian Army Research Centre","publication_date":{"day":26,"month":3,"year":2018,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Land Power Forum"},"translated_abstract":"Mission Command is a phrase that is often applied, but rarely understood. This blog takes a light hearted review of the context of Mission Command, and its origins as the German military philosophy of Auftragstaktik. Through this approach, the blog highlights that mission command is exactly what the phrase says - command appropriate for the mission: sometimes Directive, and other times Directed Control.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21499149/Command_for_the_Mission_Understanding_Mission_Command","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2016-02-03T02:24:00.409-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10244984,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56369919,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56369919/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"180418_-_Command_for_the_Mission_Understanding.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56369919/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Command_for_the_Mission_Understanding_Mi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/56369919/180418_-_Command_for_the_Mission_Understanding-libre.pdf?1524272174=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCommand_for_the_Mission_Understanding_Mi.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446500\u0026Signature=b4DixGdjSBHKgq9TPHr1SnHDrpnbQL99AqwolQeoey2PSMroeJsFL9knN~4uxo3oYLu8D5yzOFOTd5KcoCs-3mgjdPzriXJ4JegeRFCo7957ri7iErqZAiPNRuR6NW3ECQq~CVo0x~Ljlvgd0WR8TCAQbVm1uwzF9r3Qu7kz-Chp34iKof6V~UNHxqv2Ti8DnNyQbR58Ex4PPlEeSfdRropn0q8t83m3vndzqa1J~2lAyS2fr2Si0Z2qZP6vM~4Id4aFO4SsXP0ZYrf0jluwe7H6ljEAhq35ljrvafomPFw-2rdkMw-hYrnU0Ab6BvWmOFePEststh0FdoRVg1oLfA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Command_for_the_Mission_Understanding_Mission_Command","translated_slug":"","page_count":4,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Mission Command is a phrase that is often applied, but rarely understood. This blog takes a light hearted review of the context of Mission Command, and its origins as the German military philosophy of Auftragstaktik. Through this approach, the blog highlights that mission command is exactly what the phrase says - command appropriate for the mission: sometimes Directive, and other times Directed Control.","owner":{"id":10244984,"first_name":"Nick","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bosio","page_name":"NickBosio","domain_name":"anu-au","created_at":"2014-03-18T19:54:46.265-07:00","display_name":"Nick Bosio","url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/NickBosio"},"attachments":[{"id":56369919,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56369919/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"180418_-_Command_for_the_Mission_Understanding.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56369919/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Command_for_the_Mission_Understanding_Mi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/56369919/180418_-_Command_for_the_Mission_Understanding-libre.pdf?1524272174=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCommand_for_the_Mission_Understanding_Mi.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446500\u0026Signature=b4DixGdjSBHKgq9TPHr1SnHDrpnbQL99AqwolQeoey2PSMroeJsFL9knN~4uxo3oYLu8D5yzOFOTd5KcoCs-3mgjdPzriXJ4JegeRFCo7957ri7iErqZAiPNRuR6NW3ECQq~CVo0x~Ljlvgd0WR8TCAQbVm1uwzF9r3Qu7kz-Chp34iKof6V~UNHxqv2Ti8DnNyQbR58Ex4PPlEeSfdRropn0q8t83m3vndzqa1J~2lAyS2fr2Si0Z2qZP6vM~4Id4aFO4SsXP0ZYrf0jluwe7H6ljEAhq35ljrvafomPFw-2rdkMw-hYrnU0Ab6BvWmOFePEststh0FdoRVg1oLfA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History"},{"id":39946,"name":"Military","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military"},{"id":92441,"name":"Military Education and Training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Education_and_Training"},{"id":98278,"name":"Military Leadership","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Leadership"},{"id":111100,"name":"Command and Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Command_and_Control"},{"id":180315,"name":"Professional Military Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Professional_Military_Education"},{"id":790284,"name":"Military Professionalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Professionalism"}],"urls":[{"id":19232365,"url":"https://researchcentre.army.gov.au/library/land-power-forum/command-mission-understanding-mission-command"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="75764126"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75764126/Clausewitz_and_the_CoG_Marriage_Stability_for_Over_180_Years"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Clausewitz and the CoG: Marriage Stability for Over 180 Years" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83405422/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75764126/Clausewitz_and_the_CoG_Marriage_Stability_for_Over_180_Years">Clausewitz and the CoG: Marriage Stability for Over 180 Years</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Land Power Forum</span><span>, Feb 25, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">If there is one thing on tactics courses, staff colleges and real time operations that creates ar...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">If there is one thing on tactics courses, staff colleges and real time operations that creates arguments and leads to the fracture of plans staff quicker than a lack of coffee, it is the dreaded Centre of Gravity Analysis. This article argues that Centre of Gravity analysis should be simplier, linked to endstates and objectives. Such linking not only better represents Clausewitz theory, it provides a useful outcome for military planning.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="90116112ce8cc3e5b2bab933fa39600f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":83405422,"asset_id":75764126,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83405422/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75764126"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75764126"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75764126; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75764126]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75764126]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75764126; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='75764126']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "90116112ce8cc3e5b2bab933fa39600f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75764126]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75764126,"title":"Clausewitz and the CoG: Marriage Stability for Over 180 Years","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"If there is one thing on tactics courses, staff colleges and real time operations that creates arguments and leads to the fracture of plans staff quicker than a lack of coffee, it is the dreaded Centre of Gravity Analysis. This article argues that Centre of Gravity analysis should be simplier, linked to endstates and objectives. Such linking not only better represents Clausewitz theory, it provides a useful outcome for military planning.","location":"Canberra, ACT, Australia","organization":"Australian Army Research Centre","publication_date":{"day":25,"month":2,"year":2016,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Land Power Forum"},"translated_abstract":"If there is one thing on tactics courses, staff colleges and real time operations that creates arguments and leads to the fracture of plans staff quicker than a lack of coffee, it is the dreaded Centre of Gravity Analysis. This article argues that Centre of Gravity analysis should be simplier, linked to endstates and objectives. Such linking not only better represents Clausewitz theory, it provides a useful outcome for military planning.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75764126/Clausewitz_and_the_CoG_Marriage_Stability_for_Over_180_Years","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-04-07T17:33:19.413-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10244984,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83405422,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83405422/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"220408_Clausewitz_and_the_CoG_Marriage_Stability_for_Over_180_Years_Australian_Army_Research_Centre_AARC_.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83405422/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Clausewitz_and_the_CoG_Marriage_Stabilit.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/83405422/220408_Clausewitz_and_the_CoG_Marriage_Stability_for_Over_180_Years_Australian_Army_Research_Centre_AARC_-libre.pdf?1649378858=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DClausewitz_and_the_CoG_Marriage_Stabilit.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446500\u0026Signature=RNW0rl88qAyHc4bGiLUkSvHKB~GPOF7Ti~bY1Wkjppj6zDnJayeNZ~iZNKrTL7DimooD3OR2RJWfTM0qx44LK7zb0sJm1Tb45YfoJdU~nvES2mxgtXpbIhrZ7lWs9wuCstfrf2~7NvlGnP8YHZZ5f3741H8ii~HVfoIngO9jkO~4j1lbp0R5y1aPJiBJxtzh6yOtObLwPD~oWRzz3FiIPRBAXQdlSfGPG6bK~8lR4CaxveqcChuxaK4IMkEvfWly8Kz04xTQc8bfoWoWLX52QgRz6AS4SLWDZqGSEXxouqw88GAmsXodvbLpOEfiCaK6LvfDbncJyq3d-pl5bjWb1g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Clausewitz_and_the_CoG_Marriage_Stability_for_Over_180_Years","translated_slug":"","page_count":8,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"If there is one thing on tactics courses, staff colleges and real time operations that creates arguments and leads to the fracture of plans staff quicker than a lack of coffee, it is the dreaded Centre of Gravity Analysis. This article argues that Centre of Gravity analysis should be simplier, linked to endstates and objectives. Such linking not only better represents Clausewitz theory, it provides a useful outcome for military planning.","owner":{"id":10244984,"first_name":"Nick","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bosio","page_name":"NickBosio","domain_name":"anu-au","created_at":"2014-03-18T19:54:46.265-07:00","display_name":"Nick Bosio","url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/NickBosio"},"attachments":[{"id":83405422,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83405422/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"220408_Clausewitz_and_the_CoG_Marriage_Stability_for_Over_180_Years_Australian_Army_Research_Centre_AARC_.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83405422/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Clausewitz_and_the_CoG_Marriage_Stabilit.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/83405422/220408_Clausewitz_and_the_CoG_Marriage_Stability_for_Over_180_Years_Australian_Army_Research_Centre_AARC_-libre.pdf?1649378858=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DClausewitz_and_the_CoG_Marriage_Stabilit.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446500\u0026Signature=RNW0rl88qAyHc4bGiLUkSvHKB~GPOF7Ti~bY1Wkjppj6zDnJayeNZ~iZNKrTL7DimooD3OR2RJWfTM0qx44LK7zb0sJm1Tb45YfoJdU~nvES2mxgtXpbIhrZ7lWs9wuCstfrf2~7NvlGnP8YHZZ5f3741H8ii~HVfoIngO9jkO~4j1lbp0R5y1aPJiBJxtzh6yOtObLwPD~oWRzz3FiIPRBAXQdlSfGPG6bK~8lR4CaxveqcChuxaK4IMkEvfWly8Kz04xTQc8bfoWoWLX52QgRz6AS4SLWDZqGSEXxouqw88GAmsXodvbLpOEfiCaK6LvfDbncJyq3d-pl5bjWb1g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History"},{"id":559,"name":"Military Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Science"},{"id":579,"name":"Strategy (Military Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy_Military_Science_"},{"id":2391,"name":"War Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Theory"},{"id":100218,"name":"Clausewitz","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clausewitz"},{"id":283242,"name":"Military Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Planning"},{"id":402505,"name":"Military Operational Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Operational_Art"},{"id":480747,"name":"Operational Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Operational_Art"},{"id":2029984,"name":"Military theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_theory"},{"id":2762111,"name":"Centre of Gravity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Centre_of_Gravity"},{"id":3094996,"name":"Military and strategic studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_and_strategic_studies"}],"urls":[{"id":19232530,"url":"https://researchcentre.army.gov.au/library/land-power-forum/clausewitz-and-cog-marriage-stability-over-180-years"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="19549482"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/19549482/Providing_the_golden_thread_Strategic_deterrence_as_the_new_strategic_concept"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Providing the golden thread: Strategic deterrence as the new strategic concept" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56369937/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/19549482/Providing_the_golden_thread_Strategic_deterrence_as_the_new_strategic_concept">Providing the golden thread: Strategic deterrence as the new strategic concept</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Land Power Forum</span><span>, Nov 27, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Australian Army's Archipelagic Manoeuvre represents the operational "way" that strategic ends...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Australian Army's Archipelagic Manoeuvre represents the operational "way" that strategic ends can be achieved. This short blog suggests that Strategic Deterrence is a relevant strategic concept that links Defence Policy to Operational Concepts. Strategic Deterrence is an extension of Deterrence Theory, consisting of both active influence through posture and diplomacy, and passive operational deterrence through traditional capability and capacity. Strategic Deterrence provides the opportunity to link Australia's military power within the context of national power. <br /> <br />Co-Authored with Mark Ascough</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="723ce0570f2647b77bef5686da2479fe" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":56369937,"asset_id":19549482,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56369937/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="19549482"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19549482"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19549482; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19549482]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19549482]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19549482; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='19549482']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "723ce0570f2647b77bef5686da2479fe" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=19549482]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":19549482,"title":"Providing the golden thread: Strategic deterrence as the new strategic concept","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The Australian Army's Archipelagic Manoeuvre represents the operational \"way\" that strategic ends can be achieved. This short blog suggests that Strategic Deterrence is a relevant strategic concept that links Defence Policy to Operational Concepts. Strategic Deterrence is an extension of Deterrence Theory, consisting of both active influence through posture and diplomacy, and passive operational deterrence through traditional capability and capacity. Strategic Deterrence provides the opportunity to link Australia's military power within the context of national power.\r\n\r\nCo-Authored with Mark Ascough","location":"Canberra, ACT, Australia","more_info":"Link and PDF Updated 21 April 2018","organization":"Australian Army Research Centre","publication_date":{"day":27,"month":11,"year":2015,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Land Power Forum"},"translated_abstract":"The Australian Army's Archipelagic Manoeuvre represents the operational \"way\" that strategic ends can be achieved. This short blog suggests that Strategic Deterrence is a relevant strategic concept that links Defence Policy to Operational Concepts. Strategic Deterrence is an extension of Deterrence Theory, consisting of both active influence through posture and diplomacy, and passive operational deterrence through traditional capability and capacity. Strategic Deterrence provides the opportunity to link Australia's military power within the context of national power.\r\n\r\nCo-Authored with Mark Ascough","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/19549482/Providing_the_golden_thread_Strategic_deterrence_as_the_new_strategic_concept","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-12-07T23:48:58.165-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10244984,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56369937,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56369937/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"180418_-_Providing_the_golden_thread_Strategic.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56369937/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Providing_the_golden_thread_Strategic_de.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/56369937/180418_-_Providing_the_golden_thread_Strategic-libre.pdf?1524272269=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DProviding_the_golden_thread_Strategic_de.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446500\u0026Signature=euKW3cbRFvx173u20ebbzyG3XO47hL6ofVEl62RLa51ng71odV6Bpwonj8Og1qGUTSrc4YmXyRpqKAjrW5Ux4d1fhqrILGXKj9NIHvu2fVTRSzq2wBXObWGuDwLG7qLXqx~z4n7krfSiKaqCh8EWMLCfHY9a6wJcm5SjUfx9Wl-MozjzYXbGvnhjeTnTEFi3mqN78SfB4K6QFe3z58TImrjNO3qX3NU6t9ljJf5lZZe5SLfhIo3~CO-HUdmxigq9M-EY1RSGdXemps7u-WHCVNA7IthyyU58PW5XWR2i7tjxxNBKS0Y-1qClXiCmdlLVrGHLCRM3sHUqwL2qywXyQA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Providing_the_golden_thread_Strategic_deterrence_as_the_new_strategic_concept","translated_slug":"","page_count":4,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The Australian Army's Archipelagic Manoeuvre represents the operational \"way\" that strategic ends can be achieved. This short blog suggests that Strategic Deterrence is a relevant strategic concept that links Defence Policy to Operational Concepts. Strategic Deterrence is an extension of Deterrence Theory, consisting of both active influence through posture and diplomacy, and passive operational deterrence through traditional capability and capacity. Strategic Deterrence provides the opportunity to link Australia's military power within the context of national power.\r\n\r\nCo-Authored with Mark Ascough","owner":{"id":10244984,"first_name":"Nick","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bosio","page_name":"NickBosio","domain_name":"anu-au","created_at":"2014-03-18T19:54:46.265-07:00","display_name":"Nick Bosio","url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/NickBosio"},"attachments":[{"id":56369937,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56369937/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"180418_-_Providing_the_golden_thread_Strategic.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56369937/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Providing_the_golden_thread_Strategic_de.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/56369937/180418_-_Providing_the_golden_thread_Strategic-libre.pdf?1524272269=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DProviding_the_golden_thread_Strategic_de.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446500\u0026Signature=euKW3cbRFvx173u20ebbzyG3XO47hL6ofVEl62RLa51ng71odV6Bpwonj8Og1qGUTSrc4YmXyRpqKAjrW5Ux4d1fhqrILGXKj9NIHvu2fVTRSzq2wBXObWGuDwLG7qLXqx~z4n7krfSiKaqCh8EWMLCfHY9a6wJcm5SjUfx9Wl-MozjzYXbGvnhjeTnTEFi3mqN78SfB4K6QFe3z58TImrjNO3qX3NU6t9ljJf5lZZe5SLfhIo3~CO-HUdmxigq9M-EY1RSGdXemps7u-WHCVNA7IthyyU58PW5XWR2i7tjxxNBKS0Y-1qClXiCmdlLVrGHLCRM3sHUqwL2qywXyQA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":579,"name":"Strategy (Military Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy_Military_Science_"},{"id":39946,"name":"Military","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military"},{"id":46271,"name":"Strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy"},{"id":512183,"name":"Deterrence Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deterrence_Theory"},{"id":529323,"name":"Australian Strategic Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australian_Strategic_Policy"}],"urls":[{"id":19232391,"url":"https://researchcentre.army.gov.au/library/land-power-forum/providing-golden-thread-strategic-deterrence-new-strategic-concept"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="19549168"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/19549168/Want_the_edge_More_ME_in_PME"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Want the edge? More 'ME' in 'PME'" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41885993/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/19549168/Want_the_edge_More_ME_in_PME">Want the edge? More 'ME' in 'PME'</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Land Power Forum</span><span>, Feb 27, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Originally on the Australian Army's Land Power Forum. No longer available. The Australian Army...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Originally on the Australian Army's Land Power Forum. No longer available. <br /> <br />The Australian Army seeks the cognitive edge. Because of its size, and a shrinking technological gap, there is a requirement for an intellectual pivot to hold an edge over future threat groups. However, defining and achieving a cognitive edge remains elusive. This blog provides a short definition and suggests that increasing military education will enhance the cognitive edge.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4fb5912bf57a2b03cfcbedc006ea1fdb" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":41885993,"asset_id":19549168,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41885993/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="19549168"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19549168"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19549168; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19549168]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19549168]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19549168; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='19549168']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4fb5912bf57a2b03cfcbedc006ea1fdb" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=19549168]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":19549168,"title":"Want the edge? More 'ME' in 'PME'","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Originally on the Australian Army's Land Power Forum. No longer available.\r\n\r\nThe Australian Army seeks the cognitive edge. Because of its size, and a shrinking technological gap, there is a requirement for an intellectual pivot to hold an edge over future threat groups. However, defining and achieving a cognitive edge remains elusive. This blog provides a short definition and suggests that increasing military education will enhance the cognitive edge.","location":"Canberra, ACT, Australia","organization":"Directorate of Future Land Warfare","publication_date":{"day":27,"month":2,"year":2015,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Land Power Forum"},"translated_abstract":"Originally on the Australian Army's Land Power Forum. No longer available.\r\n\r\nThe Australian Army seeks the cognitive edge. Because of its size, and a shrinking technological gap, there is a requirement for an intellectual pivot to hold an edge over future threat groups. However, defining and achieving a cognitive edge remains elusive. This blog provides a short definition and suggests that increasing military education will enhance the cognitive edge.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/19549168/Want_the_edge_More_ME_in_PME","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-12-07T23:39:23.295-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10244984,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41885993,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41885993/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"What_the_Edge_-_More_ME_in_PME_27_Feb_15.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41885993/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Want_the_edge_More_ME_in_PME.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/41885993/What_the_Edge_-_More_ME_in_PME_27_Feb_15-libre.pdf?1454418640=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWant_the_edge_More_ME_in_PME.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446500\u0026Signature=a4iYt5zuP9Dx1ZN~0u0MlI5Mki-WuV-DdvkWhJlb27qZmYgACX0~ag8CUW-mw4QcFhofWRx35oKe9BaQxSr7JIAwVNovS22dcLJs3na1R9frwVDArw75AijprchCiYGZ-W4u98X4rg74MSI5vpzeVSCFtkBXmMTjOWehiSeUV71z1ghiaKtcuAgJBU-EkOIKFCL6g5W9WbrkhzNhI~CErvVZutujuJrQGE6yt1ggc5A2hEOh97VTajO~RVmJs4t1iqqqAES0crW-TSz4Of-JgduP7tMfrucZLXJYz5D7L4KahaZVm7v230hi3cLT-FDf2IvV8uaZnDm944iafmuS~A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Want_the_edge_More_ME_in_PME","translated_slug":"","page_count":2,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Originally on the Australian Army's Land Power Forum. No longer available.\r\n\r\nThe Australian Army seeks the cognitive edge. Because of its size, and a shrinking technological gap, there is a requirement for an intellectual pivot to hold an edge over future threat groups. However, defining and achieving a cognitive edge remains elusive. This blog provides a short definition and suggests that increasing military education will enhance the cognitive edge.","owner":{"id":10244984,"first_name":"Nick","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bosio","page_name":"NickBosio","domain_name":"anu-au","created_at":"2014-03-18T19:54:46.265-07:00","display_name":"Nick Bosio","url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/NickBosio"},"attachments":[{"id":41885993,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41885993/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"What_the_Edge_-_More_ME_in_PME_27_Feb_15.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41885993/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Want_the_edge_More_ME_in_PME.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/41885993/What_the_Edge_-_More_ME_in_PME_27_Feb_15-libre.pdf?1454418640=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWant_the_edge_More_ME_in_PME.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446500\u0026Signature=a4iYt5zuP9Dx1ZN~0u0MlI5Mki-WuV-DdvkWhJlb27qZmYgACX0~ag8CUW-mw4QcFhofWRx35oKe9BaQxSr7JIAwVNovS22dcLJs3na1R9frwVDArw75AijprchCiYGZ-W4u98X4rg74MSI5vpzeVSCFtkBXmMTjOWehiSeUV71z1ghiaKtcuAgJBU-EkOIKFCL6g5W9WbrkhzNhI~CErvVZutujuJrQGE6yt1ggc5A2hEOh97VTajO~RVmJs4t1iqqqAES0crW-TSz4Of-JgduP7tMfrucZLXJYz5D7L4KahaZVm7v230hi3cLT-FDf2IvV8uaZnDm944iafmuS~A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History"},{"id":39946,"name":"Military","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military"},{"id":46271,"name":"Strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy"},{"id":92441,"name":"Military Education and Training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Education_and_Training"},{"id":180315,"name":"Professional Military Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Professional_Military_Education"}],"urls":[{"id":6114355,"url":"http://www.army.gov.au/Our-future/Blog/Articles/2015/02/Want-the-edge-more-me-in-pme"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Thesis Proposal Documents (See Final Thesis)" id="Thesis Proposal Documents (See Final Thesis)"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Thesis Proposal Documents (See Final Thesis) by Nick Bosio</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="9845216"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/9845216/On_Wars_Theory_Systems_and_Military_Theory_Congruence_Throughout_History"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of On War's Theory - Systems and Military Theory: Congruence Throughout History" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83407941/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/9845216/On_Wars_Theory_Systems_and_Military_Theory_Congruence_Throughout_History">On War's Theory - Systems and Military Theory: Congruence Throughout History</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Thesis Proposal Review (PhD Milestone)</span><span>, Oct 26, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">REPLACED BY FINAL THESIS: https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/260048 T...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">REPLACED BY FINAL THESIS: <a href="https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/260048" rel="nofollow">https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/260048</a>    <br /> <br />Thesis Proposal Review <br /> <br />Modern military concepts often use systems theory either as an explicit foundation – as seen in Systemic Operational Design, Network Centric Warfare and Effects Based Operations; or as implied knowledge – as observed in Warden’s Five Rings, Three-Block War, and the Strategic Corporal Effect. This suggests there is an unspoken, and untested, assumption: systems theory has congruence with military theory. In other words, the use of systems in contemporary military concepts assumes there is some overarching theory that connects military and systems ideas into one whole. Such a theory, which is a theory of theory, is known as a meta-theory. However, recent experiences would appear to suggest that systems theories do not form valid operational or strategic theories, the concepts remain within military thought. This paper is the Thesis Proposal document for a Doctorate that seeks to identify if congruence exists between systems and military theory and therefore confirm if a meta-theory exists and what this means for future military theory, training, education and planning. For if the congruence is limited, then the current use of systems thinking paradigms may be very dangerous for future war efforts.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="190724053e63544dda40954003008263" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":83407941,"asset_id":9845216,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83407941/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="9845216"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9845216"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9845216; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9845216]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9845216]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9845216; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='9845216']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "190724053e63544dda40954003008263" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=9845216]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":9845216,"title":"On War's Theory - Systems and Military Theory: Congruence Throughout History","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"REPLACED BY FINAL THESIS: https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/260048 \r\n\r\nThesis Proposal Review\r\n\r\nModern military concepts often use systems theory either as an explicit foundation – as seen in Systemic Operational Design, Network Centric Warfare and Effects Based Operations; or as implied knowledge – as observed in Warden’s Five Rings, Three-Block War, and the Strategic Corporal Effect. This suggests there is an unspoken, and untested, assumption: systems theory has congruence with military theory. In other words, the use of systems in contemporary military concepts assumes there is some overarching theory that connects military and systems ideas into one whole. Such a theory, which is a theory of theory, is known as a meta-theory. However, recent experiences would appear to suggest that systems theories do not form valid operational or strategic theories, the concepts remain within military thought. This paper is the Thesis Proposal document for a Doctorate that seeks to identify if congruence exists between systems and military theory and therefore confirm if a meta-theory exists and what this means for future military theory, training, education and planning. For if the congruence is limited, then the current use of systems thinking paradigms may be very dangerous for future war efforts.","location":"Canberra, ACT, Australia","more_info":"Thesis Proposal Review Statement","ai_title_tag":"Congruence of Systems and Military Theory","organization":"Australian National University (Strategic and Defence Studies Centre)","publication_date":{"day":26,"month":10,"year":2016,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Thesis Proposal Review (PhD Milestone)"},"translated_abstract":"REPLACED BY FINAL THESIS: https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/260048 \r\n\r\nThesis Proposal Review\r\n\r\nModern military concepts often use systems theory either as an explicit foundation – as seen in Systemic Operational Design, Network Centric Warfare and Effects Based Operations; or as implied knowledge – as observed in Warden’s Five Rings, Three-Block War, and the Strategic Corporal Effect. This suggests there is an unspoken, and untested, assumption: systems theory has congruence with military theory. In other words, the use of systems in contemporary military concepts assumes there is some overarching theory that connects military and systems ideas into one whole. Such a theory, which is a theory of theory, is known as a meta-theory. However, recent experiences would appear to suggest that systems theories do not form valid operational or strategic theories, the concepts remain within military thought. This paper is the Thesis Proposal document for a Doctorate that seeks to identify if congruence exists between systems and military theory and therefore confirm if a meta-theory exists and what this means for future military theory, training, education and planning. For if the congruence is limited, then the current use of systems thinking paradigms may be very dangerous for future war efforts.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9845216/On_Wars_Theory_Systems_and_Military_Theory_Congruence_Throughout_History","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-12-20T04:07:09.606-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10244984,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83407941,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83407941/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"On_Wars_Theory_Systems_Thinking_and_Military_Theory_PhD_Proposal_for_u5339508_Bosio_v8.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83407941/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"On_Wars_Theory_Systems_and_Military_Theo.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/83407941/On_Wars_Theory_Systems_Thinking_and_Military_Theory_PhD_Proposal_for_u5339508_Bosio_v8-libre.pdf?1649383816=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOn_Wars_Theory_Systems_and_Military_Theo.pdf\u0026Expires=1742463325\u0026Signature=GPlB2IzDS~vV0LxKk1hV1tIlJ~m8fRzENWRi8yF4sQBFUU2TsVhbzcDeNvsX18SwvvmU3QgR8mo~KCQBqpGcLt2REddlZXgao2LTDI9IiBlq2Y~Uxp3H4TVRav4WPfOmLpT9KigUtJSM7XIw5S6DAAA8D5Jsa0x~X~cRlw5mK~xF433Cf2zUAI83Whpc-DFCCRk4B5yGrrLAXUVwlZI2JEmSo1JUkrXoNdmg5Mb54HeB~3OipfBc2dCdCj8deZ4MRWnSz6URh~LZr440otv0EG7JWFh9iT5joelTwYzsJe5dZuytE02N~PrksQ0jxsCauQfEzPlvP4YGzwRKpy55yQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"On_Wars_Theory_Systems_and_Military_Theory_Congruence_Throughout_History","translated_slug":"","page_count":57,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"REPLACED BY FINAL THESIS: https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/260048 \r\n\r\nThesis Proposal Review\r\n\r\nModern military concepts often use systems theory either as an explicit foundation – as seen in Systemic Operational Design, Network Centric Warfare and Effects Based Operations; or as implied knowledge – as observed in Warden’s Five Rings, Three-Block War, and the Strategic Corporal Effect. This suggests there is an unspoken, and untested, assumption: systems theory has congruence with military theory. In other words, the use of systems in contemporary military concepts assumes there is some overarching theory that connects military and systems ideas into one whole. Such a theory, which is a theory of theory, is known as a meta-theory. However, recent experiences would appear to suggest that systems theories do not form valid operational or strategic theories, the concepts remain within military thought. This paper is the Thesis Proposal document for a Doctorate that seeks to identify if congruence exists between systems and military theory and therefore confirm if a meta-theory exists and what this means for future military theory, training, education and planning. For if the congruence is limited, then the current use of systems thinking paradigms may be very dangerous for future war efforts.","owner":{"id":10244984,"first_name":"Nick","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bosio","page_name":"NickBosio","domain_name":"anu-au","created_at":"2014-03-18T19:54:46.265-07:00","display_name":"Nick Bosio","url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/NickBosio"},"attachments":[{"id":83407941,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83407941/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"On_Wars_Theory_Systems_Thinking_and_Military_Theory_PhD_Proposal_for_u5339508_Bosio_v8.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83407941/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"On_Wars_Theory_Systems_and_Military_Theo.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/83407941/On_Wars_Theory_Systems_Thinking_and_Military_Theory_PhD_Proposal_for_u5339508_Bosio_v8-libre.pdf?1649383816=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOn_Wars_Theory_Systems_and_Military_Theo.pdf\u0026Expires=1742463325\u0026Signature=GPlB2IzDS~vV0LxKk1hV1tIlJ~m8fRzENWRi8yF4sQBFUU2TsVhbzcDeNvsX18SwvvmU3QgR8mo~KCQBqpGcLt2REddlZXgao2LTDI9IiBlq2Y~Uxp3H4TVRav4WPfOmLpT9KigUtJSM7XIw5S6DAAA8D5Jsa0x~X~cRlw5mK~xF433Cf2zUAI83Whpc-DFCCRk4B5yGrrLAXUVwlZI2JEmSo1JUkrXoNdmg5Mb54HeB~3OipfBc2dCdCj8deZ4MRWnSz6URh~LZr440otv0EG7JWFh9iT5joelTwYzsJe5dZuytE02N~PrksQ0jxsCauQfEzPlvP4YGzwRKpy55yQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":559,"name":"Military Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Science"},{"id":561,"name":"Doctrine (Military Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Doctrine_Military_Science_"},{"id":579,"name":"Strategy (Military Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy_Military_Science_"},{"id":3873,"name":"Strategic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_Studies"},{"id":4728,"name":"Systems Thinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systems_Thinking"},{"id":7300,"name":"Systems Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systems_Theory"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="20457755" id="books"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="128233813"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/128233813/On_Strategic_Art_A_Guide_to_Strategic_Thinking_and_The_Australian_Strategy_Formulation_Framework"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of On Strategic Art: A Guide to Strategic Thinking & The Australian Strategy Formulation Framework" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/121848857/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128233813/On_Strategic_Art_A_Guide_to_Strategic_Thinking_and_The_Australian_Strategy_Formulation_Framework">On Strategic Art: A Guide to Strategic Thinking & The Australian Strategy Formulation Framework</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>On Strategic Art</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Strategic art is an intellectual exercise that leverages theory to help understand the strategic ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Strategic art is an intellectual exercise that leverages theory to help understand the strategic environment and its challenges. Yet, strategic art is also a disciplined approach to problem-framing thinking. Therefore, strategic art is both an intellectual exercise and a practical method of inquiry. Given this, strategic art requires an appreciation of both theory and practice. This means strategic art is the praxis of strategy, or the practical application of strategic theory.<br /><br />On Strategic Art is a handbook for the student, the scholar, and the practitioner of strategy. The handbook’s three parts discuss the theory, practice, and learning of strategy. Combined, the handbook represents strategic art: the translation of strategic theory into practical reality. This handbook is both a learning companion for the students of the Defence and Strategic Studies Course, as well as being of utility for the wider National Security community and international partners. Given the challenges of the strategic environment, it is vital to remember that the practice of strategy is a national endeavour. As such, this handbook is a first step towards helping strategic professionals think about and plan strategy.<br /><br />Splash Page: <a href="https://theforge.defence.gov.au/strategic-art" rel="nofollow">https://theforge.defence.gov.au/strategic-art</a><br /><br />PDF Document: <a href="https://theforge.defence.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/On%20Strategic%20Art%20-%20A%20Guide%20to%20Strategic%20Thinking%20and%20the%20ASFF%20%28Electronic%20Version%201-1%29.pdf" rel="nofollow">https://theforge.defence.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/On%20Strategic%20Art%20-%20A%20Guide%20to%20Strategic%20Thinking%20and%20the%20ASFF%20%28Electronic%20Version%201-1%29.pdf</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9158379b9ddf5ad7b832c9edae4bf960" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":121848857,"asset_id":128233813,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121848857/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="128233813"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="128233813"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 128233813; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=128233813]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=128233813]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 128233813; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='128233813']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9158379b9ddf5ad7b832c9edae4bf960" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=128233813]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":128233813,"title":"On Strategic Art: A Guide to Strategic Thinking \u0026 The Australian Strategy Formulation Framework","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Strategic art is an intellectual exercise that leverages theory to help understand the strategic environment and its challenges. Yet, strategic art is also a disciplined approach to problem-framing thinking. Therefore, strategic art is both an intellectual exercise and a practical method of inquiry. Given this, strategic art requires an appreciation of both theory and practice. This means strategic art is the praxis of strategy, or the practical application of strategic theory.\n\nOn Strategic Art is a handbook for the student, the scholar, and the practitioner of strategy. The handbook’s three parts discuss the theory, practice, and learning of strategy. Combined, the handbook represents strategic art: the translation of strategic theory into practical reality. This handbook is both a learning companion for the students of the Defence and Strategic Studies Course, as well as being of utility for the wider National Security community and international partners. Given the challenges of the strategic environment, it is vital to remember that the practice of strategy is a national endeavour. As such, this handbook is a first step towards helping strategic professionals think about and plan strategy.\n\nSplash Page: https://theforge.defence.gov.au/strategic-art\n\nPDF Document: https://theforge.defence.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/On%20Strategic%20Art%20-%20A%20Guide%20to%20Strategic%20Thinking%20and%20the%20ASFF%20%28Electronic%20Version%201-1%29.pdf","more_info":"PDF of document at: https://theforge.defence.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/On%20Strategic%20Art%20-%20A%20Guide%20to%20Strategic%20Thinking%20and%20the%20ASFF%20%28Electronic%20Version%201-1%29.pdf","publisher":"Australian Department of Defence, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia","grobid_abstract":"The Australian War College continues to mature its educational experiences in the strategic and military arts. As Australia's National Defence Strategy highlights, Australia's strategic environment is the most challenging it has been since the Second World War. Government has directed Defence to focus its efforts on a Strategy of Denial. Such a strategy requires investment in both hard capabilities, as well as Defence's intellectual capital. It is intellectual capital that will help guide Defence's efforts towards supporting the national interest. Future senior leaders will also expend intellectual capital to harness all aspects of Defence within a whole-of-government and whole-of-nation approach. However, as Henry Kissinger once stated, high office consumes intellectual capital; it does not create it. Therefore, it is necessary to invest in, nurture, and continue to grow the strategic intellectual capital necessary to guide Defence's support to, and defence of, Australia's national interests. To meet the above challenges, the Australian War College's Defence and Strategic Studies Course has undergone a significant transformation over the last two years. The War College's Defence and Strategic Studies Course provides a robust, structured, and scaffolded professional experience in the theory and practice of strategy, strategic art, and strategic leadership within a national and international context. At the heart of this professional education is the Strategic Art Program, a longitudinal program that allows students to explore how to translate strategic theory into practice. This handbook captures the essence of that program to assist War College students now and into the future. On Strategic Art is a handbook for the student, the scholar, and the practitioner of strategy. The handbook's three parts discuss the theory, practice, and learning of strategy. Combined, the handbook represents strategic art: the translation of strategic theory into practical reality. Although the audience of this handbook are the students of the Defence and Strategic Studies Course, the book may be of utility to others in the wider National Security community and international partners. Given the challenges of the strategic environment, it is vital that we do not forget that the practice of strategy is a national endeavour. This handbook is a first step towards helping us understand how to develop effective strategy in support of Australia's national interests.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2024,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"On Strategic Art","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":121848857},"translated_abstract":"Strategic art is an intellectual exercise that leverages theory to help understand the strategic environment and its challenges. Yet, strategic art is also a disciplined approach to problem-framing thinking. Therefore, strategic art is both an intellectual exercise and a practical method of inquiry. Given this, strategic art requires an appreciation of both theory and practice. This means strategic art is the praxis of strategy, or the practical application of strategic theory.\n\nOn Strategic Art is a handbook for the student, the scholar, and the practitioner of strategy. The handbook’s three parts discuss the theory, practice, and learning of strategy. Combined, the handbook represents strategic art: the translation of strategic theory into practical reality. This handbook is both a learning companion for the students of the Defence and Strategic Studies Course, as well as being of utility for the wider National Security community and international partners. Given the challenges of the strategic environment, it is vital to remember that the practice of strategy is a national endeavour. As such, this handbook is a first step towards helping strategic professionals think about and plan strategy.\n\nSplash Page: https://theforge.defence.gov.au/strategic-art\n\nPDF Document: https://theforge.defence.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/On%20Strategic%20Art%20-%20A%20Guide%20to%20Strategic%20Thinking%20and%20the%20ASFF%20%28Electronic%20Version%201-1%29.pdf","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/128233813/On_Strategic_Art_A_Guide_to_Strategic_Thinking_and_The_Australian_Strategy_Formulation_Framework","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2025-03-16T02:19:50.733-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10244984,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"book","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":121848857,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/121848857/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"On_Strategic_Art_A_Guide_to_Strategic_Thinking_and_the_ASFF_Electronic_Version_1_1_.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121848857/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"On_Strategic_Art_A_Guide_to_Strategic_Th.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/121848857/On_Strategic_Art_A_Guide_to_Strategic_Thinking_and_the_ASFF_Electronic_Version_1_1_-libre.pdf?1742118360=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOn_Strategic_Art_A_Guide_to_Strategic_Th.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446499\u0026Signature=HVjllposGGJR3JicwewkGEUSkZ1Cgz7NkK0SXIS7f3sjNSia2zD2yILEhL1bZjratw~ONegqoKUleZn9pTVoSmOCng9nO2--TVUIapwGoZEqvVfSV6Ndz3a3lpyfRXbnuVaAOjedCu1ah68MD5CNZK1aNG7YHdV~6iVkKwfr0NAZRgCTIiAedrjSpGoavmAgOl-Tpz4N490wZDDspKjwLFGHxWCmMBeU9Vug~dE70WtAE7rT8K-LRfqTuXzUbWrxOAZrYcXDe3ECcK2pF2kghFbvZm~peQP6fSumQjIx00UcETnuBF9AwY3V~94BjsdFZwcqHkN5C6RAoRnYGIakmw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"On_Strategic_Art_A_Guide_to_Strategic_Thinking_and_The_Australian_Strategy_Formulation_Framework","translated_slug":"","page_count":155,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Strategic art is an intellectual exercise that leverages theory to help understand the strategic environment and its challenges. Yet, strategic art is also a disciplined approach to problem-framing thinking. Therefore, strategic art is both an intellectual exercise and a practical method of inquiry. Given this, strategic art requires an appreciation of both theory and practice. This means strategic art is the praxis of strategy, or the practical application of strategic theory.\n\nOn Strategic Art is a handbook for the student, the scholar, and the practitioner of strategy. The handbook’s three parts discuss the theory, practice, and learning of strategy. Combined, the handbook represents strategic art: the translation of strategic theory into practical reality. This handbook is both a learning companion for the students of the Defence and Strategic Studies Course, as well as being of utility for the wider National Security community and international partners. Given the challenges of the strategic environment, it is vital to remember that the practice of strategy is a national endeavour. As such, this handbook is a first step towards helping strategic professionals think about and plan strategy.\n\nSplash Page: https://theforge.defence.gov.au/strategic-art\n\nPDF Document: https://theforge.defence.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/On%20Strategic%20Art%20-%20A%20Guide%20to%20Strategic%20Thinking%20and%20the%20ASFF%20%28Electronic%20Version%201-1%29.pdf","owner":{"id":10244984,"first_name":"Nick","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bosio","page_name":"NickBosio","domain_name":"anu-au","created_at":"2014-03-18T19:54:46.265-07:00","display_name":"Nick Bosio","url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/NickBosio"},"attachments":[{"id":121848857,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/121848857/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"On_Strategic_Art_A_Guide_to_Strategic_Thinking_and_the_ASFF_Electronic_Version_1_1_.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121848857/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"On_Strategic_Art_A_Guide_to_Strategic_Th.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/121848857/On_Strategic_Art_A_Guide_to_Strategic_Thinking_and_the_ASFF_Electronic_Version_1_1_-libre.pdf?1742118360=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOn_Strategic_Art_A_Guide_to_Strategic_Th.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446499\u0026Signature=HVjllposGGJR3JicwewkGEUSkZ1Cgz7NkK0SXIS7f3sjNSia2zD2yILEhL1bZjratw~ONegqoKUleZn9pTVoSmOCng9nO2--TVUIapwGoZEqvVfSV6Ndz3a3lpyfRXbnuVaAOjedCu1ah68MD5CNZK1aNG7YHdV~6iVkKwfr0NAZRgCTIiAedrjSpGoavmAgOl-Tpz4N490wZDDspKjwLFGHxWCmMBeU9Vug~dE70WtAE7rT8K-LRfqTuXzUbWrxOAZrYcXDe3ECcK2pF2kghFbvZm~peQP6fSumQjIx00UcETnuBF9AwY3V~94BjsdFZwcqHkN5C6RAoRnYGIakmw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":579,"name":"Strategy (Military Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy_Military_Science_"},{"id":3872,"name":"War Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Studies"},{"id":3873,"name":"Strategic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_Studies"},{"id":4728,"name":"Systems Thinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systems_Thinking"},{"id":7031,"name":"Strategic Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_Culture"},{"id":7739,"name":"Strategic Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_Planning"},{"id":46271,"name":"Strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy"},{"id":53342,"name":"Strategic Thinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_Thinking"},{"id":92441,"name":"Military Education and Training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Education_and_Training"},{"id":180315,"name":"Professional Military Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Professional_Military_Education"},{"id":256902,"name":"Military Strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Strategy"},{"id":283242,"name":"Military Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Planning"},{"id":326969,"name":"Red Teaming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Red_Teaming"},{"id":418059,"name":"National security strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_security_strategy"},{"id":597839,"name":"Military Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Education"},{"id":656550,"name":"National Security and Strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Security_and_Strategy"},{"id":968473,"name":"Whole of government Approach","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Whole_of_government_Approach"},{"id":1015459,"name":"National Strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Strategy"},{"id":1761342,"name":"Strategic theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_theory"},{"id":2029984,"name":"Military theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_theory"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="14531323" id="publishedmonographs"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="36454791"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/36454791/Understanding_Wars_Theory_what_military_theory_is_where_it_fits_and_who_influences_it"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Understanding War's Theory: what military theory is, where it fits and who influences it" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56370113/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/36454791/Understanding_Wars_Theory_what_military_theory_is_where_it_fits_and_who_influences_it">Understanding War's Theory: what military theory is, where it fits and who influences it</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Australian Army Occasional Paper - Conflict Theory and Strategy</span><span>, Apr 17, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Many military professionals and academics outline the importance of military theory and the need ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Many military professionals and academics outline the importance of military theory and the need to study it. Some, like Colin Gray, even highlight how understanding it allows the profession of arms to better adapt in war. Given these wise words, would it not seem important to know ‘what’ military theory is? Is it not significant to know who has shaped it? How do we, as professionals, tell if something is military theory, or just opinion and conjecture? Knowing what military theory is, and what it is not, is vital. It helps identify what writings further our understanding of war and warfare, and guides professional military education and research for future doctrine and training. This work answers the questions of what military theory is, where it sits within the wider context of the study of conflict, and which theorists are key in defining its body of knowledge.<br /><br />The work first defines what military theory is. Military theory is a field of study that seeks to understand the phenomena of war and its links to wider conflict; and provides a framework for the valid creation and dissemination of the knowledge of war and warfare. In other words, military theory is the epistemology of war. This definition highlights that research into military theory is grounded in the philosophy of scientific inquiry and, much like applied history, must use broad scientific methods – using hypothesis and empirical data based in history; not just a single incident, war or technological advancement – to develop its concepts. Understanding this also provides a guide to test whether a new or modern idea is effective ‘military theory’, or merely ‘military notion’. The definition also indicates that the focus of military theory is the development of first principles knowledge about war and warfare. It is this knowledge that allows planners, commanders and senior decision makers to adapt their know-how of war fighting to changing situations, environments and political objectives. It is also this knowledge that can be enhanced through wider study.<br /><br />The analysis of what military theory is, also demonstrates where military theory fits within wider academic disciplines. Although other humanities disciplines like history can support military theory, its focus on applied theory gives it strong links to other applied social sciences like political science, international relations and economics. These other disciplines overlap with military theory, and provide an avenue to potentially advance military theory’s understanding of power, influence and war’s wider links to conflict. Such links assist in broadening the military theory body of knowledge – a body of knowledge that is not codified, but is instead shaped by foundational theorists.<br /><br />Who these foundation theorists are, or who is most influential, is also answered by this work. By analysing the curriculums of staff colleges around the world, this work has identified the top 20 theorists currently accepted as most influential. The analysis also suggests a normalising of military theory across the globe, including a possible convergence between the conceptual Eastern and Western ways of war.<br /><br />Overall, this work provides a definition for military theory and highlights the key theorists that shape our views on it now and into the future. This is supported with guidance that allows us to test future theories. Understanding what military theory is and who shapes it lays the foundation to allow the profession to debate where future advancements in military theory should focus to best support planners, commanders and senior decision makers.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b3e9a10caeb45f6817edb327cca0e73a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":56370113,"asset_id":36454791,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56370113/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="36454791"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36454791"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36454791; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36454791]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36454791]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36454791; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='36454791']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b3e9a10caeb45f6817edb327cca0e73a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=36454791]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":36454791,"title":"Understanding War's Theory: what military theory is, where it fits and who influences it","translated_title":"","metadata":{"volume":"001","abstract":"Many military professionals and academics outline the importance of military theory and the need to study it. Some, like Colin Gray, even highlight how understanding it allows the profession of arms to better adapt in war. Given these wise words, would it not seem important to know ‘what’ military theory is? Is it not significant to know who has shaped it? How do we, as professionals, tell if something is military theory, or just opinion and conjecture? Knowing what military theory is, and what it is not, is vital. It helps identify what writings further our understanding of war and warfare, and guides professional military education and research for future doctrine and training. This work answers the questions of what military theory is, where it sits within the wider context of the study of conflict, and which theorists are key in defining its body of knowledge.\n\nThe work first defines what military theory is. Military theory is a field of study that seeks to understand the phenomena of war and its links to wider conflict; and provides a framework for the valid creation and dissemination of the knowledge of war and warfare. In other words, military theory is the epistemology of war. This definition highlights that research into military theory is grounded in the philosophy of scientific inquiry and, much like applied history, must use broad scientific methods – using hypothesis and empirical data based in history; not just a single incident, war or technological advancement – to develop its concepts. Understanding this also provides a guide to test whether a new or modern idea is effective ‘military theory’, or merely ‘military notion’. The definition also indicates that the focus of military theory is the development of first principles knowledge about war and warfare. It is this knowledge that allows planners, commanders and senior decision makers to adapt their know-how of war fighting to changing situations, environments and political objectives. It is also this knowledge that can be enhanced through wider study.\n\nThe analysis of what military theory is, also demonstrates where military theory fits within wider academic disciplines. Although other humanities disciplines like history can support military theory, its focus on applied theory gives it strong links to other applied social sciences like political science, international relations and economics. These other disciplines overlap with military theory, and provide an avenue to potentially advance military theory’s understanding of power, influence and war’s wider links to conflict. Such links assist in broadening the military theory body of knowledge – a body of knowledge that is not codified, but is instead shaped by foundational theorists.\n\nWho these foundation theorists are, or who is most influential, is also answered by this work. By analysing the curriculums of staff colleges around the world, this work has identified the top 20 theorists currently accepted as most influential. The analysis also suggests a normalising of military theory across the globe, including a possible convergence between the conceptual Eastern and Western ways of war.\n\nOverall, this work provides a definition for military theory and highlights the key theorists that shape our views on it now and into the future. This is supported with guidance that allows us to test future theories. Understanding what military theory is and who shapes it lays the foundation to allow the profession to debate where future advancements in military theory should focus to best support planners, commanders and senior decision makers.","location":"Canberra, ACT, Australia","more_info":"Bosio, Nicholas J. Understanding War's Theory: what military theory is, where it fits, and who influences it. Australian Army Occasional Paper - Conflict Theory and Strategy Series. edited by Australian Army Research Centre. Vol. 001, Canberra, ACT, AUST: Australian Army Research Centre, 2018.","organization":"Australian Army Research Centre","publication_date":{"day":17,"month":4,"year":2018,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Australian Army Occasional Paper - Conflict Theory and Strategy"},"translated_abstract":"Many military professionals and academics outline the importance of military theory and the need to study it. Some, like Colin Gray, even highlight how understanding it allows the profession of arms to better adapt in war. Given these wise words, would it not seem important to know ‘what’ military theory is? Is it not significant to know who has shaped it? How do we, as professionals, tell if something is military theory, or just opinion and conjecture? Knowing what military theory is, and what it is not, is vital. It helps identify what writings further our understanding of war and warfare, and guides professional military education and research for future doctrine and training. This work answers the questions of what military theory is, where it sits within the wider context of the study of conflict, and which theorists are key in defining its body of knowledge.\n\nThe work first defines what military theory is. Military theory is a field of study that seeks to understand the phenomena of war and its links to wider conflict; and provides a framework for the valid creation and dissemination of the knowledge of war and warfare. In other words, military theory is the epistemology of war. This definition highlights that research into military theory is grounded in the philosophy of scientific inquiry and, much like applied history, must use broad scientific methods – using hypothesis and empirical data based in history; not just a single incident, war or technological advancement – to develop its concepts. Understanding this also provides a guide to test whether a new or modern idea is effective ‘military theory’, or merely ‘military notion’. The definition also indicates that the focus of military theory is the development of first principles knowledge about war and warfare. It is this knowledge that allows planners, commanders and senior decision makers to adapt their know-how of war fighting to changing situations, environments and political objectives. It is also this knowledge that can be enhanced through wider study.\n\nThe analysis of what military theory is, also demonstrates where military theory fits within wider academic disciplines. Although other humanities disciplines like history can support military theory, its focus on applied theory gives it strong links to other applied social sciences like political science, international relations and economics. These other disciplines overlap with military theory, and provide an avenue to potentially advance military theory’s understanding of power, influence and war’s wider links to conflict. Such links assist in broadening the military theory body of knowledge – a body of knowledge that is not codified, but is instead shaped by foundational theorists.\n\nWho these foundation theorists are, or who is most influential, is also answered by this work. By analysing the curriculums of staff colleges around the world, this work has identified the top 20 theorists currently accepted as most influential. The analysis also suggests a normalising of military theory across the globe, including a possible convergence between the conceptual Eastern and Western ways of war.\n\nOverall, this work provides a definition for military theory and highlights the key theorists that shape our views on it now and into the future. This is supported with guidance that allows us to test future theories. Understanding what military theory is and who shapes it lays the foundation to allow the profession to debate where future advancements in military theory should focus to best support planners, commanders and senior decision makers.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36454791/Understanding_Wars_Theory_what_military_theory_is_where_it_fits_and_who_influences_it","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2018-04-20T18:55:13.818-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10244984,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56370113,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56370113/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Understanding_Wars_Theory_-_what_military_theory_is_where_it_fits_who_influences_it.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56370113/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Understanding_Wars_Theory_what_military.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/56370113/Understanding_Wars_Theory_-_what_military_theory_is_where_it_fits_who_influences_it-libre.pdf?1524275890=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DUnderstanding_Wars_Theory_what_military.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446499\u0026Signature=LeBYsG7akX0wOQY3EdG-KfCDyrTAvR5h~9hItbRHSLOESICP27Ep~k~FUSJriTVOVgs71ZF~qaFDHiUmX21gVfPYvKrV8j7K8d5Ba3VNAbx1IS4xp56W1Ykg8txeyMmqfTNJKRs3JLhjUCYcoTTcjFH-Nx-fPX1ToK9Qenfq2qiYEk09XEfh5mvM7XdS~uLbhh~VZesmMBxoJgGa28z28QxDLyJhFpbYOzuyQnrx4XoCieOKzj4Kw1agtFpW~M8LcngKUA1ObTAH-nz1YNkEhlI9R7H3yRFu~l4OBvipLg-Mtbqcz5Wg1F9B0ZTtp7v3qkrTQXPv68aDdBLbvKwTpA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Understanding_Wars_Theory_what_military_theory_is_where_it_fits_and_who_influences_it","translated_slug":"","page_count":84,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Many military professionals and academics outline the importance of military theory and the need to study it. Some, like Colin Gray, even highlight how understanding it allows the profession of arms to better adapt in war. Given these wise words, would it not seem important to know ‘what’ military theory is? Is it not significant to know who has shaped it? How do we, as professionals, tell if something is military theory, or just opinion and conjecture? Knowing what military theory is, and what it is not, is vital. It helps identify what writings further our understanding of war and warfare, and guides professional military education and research for future doctrine and training. This work answers the questions of what military theory is, where it sits within the wider context of the study of conflict, and which theorists are key in defining its body of knowledge.\n\nThe work first defines what military theory is. Military theory is a field of study that seeks to understand the phenomena of war and its links to wider conflict; and provides a framework for the valid creation and dissemination of the knowledge of war and warfare. In other words, military theory is the epistemology of war. This definition highlights that research into military theory is grounded in the philosophy of scientific inquiry and, much like applied history, must use broad scientific methods – using hypothesis and empirical data based in history; not just a single incident, war or technological advancement – to develop its concepts. Understanding this also provides a guide to test whether a new or modern idea is effective ‘military theory’, or merely ‘military notion’. The definition also indicates that the focus of military theory is the development of first principles knowledge about war and warfare. It is this knowledge that allows planners, commanders and senior decision makers to adapt their know-how of war fighting to changing situations, environments and political objectives. It is also this knowledge that can be enhanced through wider study.\n\nThe analysis of what military theory is, also demonstrates where military theory fits within wider academic disciplines. Although other humanities disciplines like history can support military theory, its focus on applied theory gives it strong links to other applied social sciences like political science, international relations and economics. These other disciplines overlap with military theory, and provide an avenue to potentially advance military theory’s understanding of power, influence and war’s wider links to conflict. Such links assist in broadening the military theory body of knowledge – a body of knowledge that is not codified, but is instead shaped by foundational theorists.\n\nWho these foundation theorists are, or who is most influential, is also answered by this work. By analysing the curriculums of staff colleges around the world, this work has identified the top 20 theorists currently accepted as most influential. The analysis also suggests a normalising of military theory across the globe, including a possible convergence between the conceptual Eastern and Western ways of war.\n\nOverall, this work provides a definition for military theory and highlights the key theorists that shape our views on it now and into the future. This is supported with guidance that allows us to test future theories. Understanding what military theory is and who shapes it lays the foundation to allow the profession to debate where future advancements in military theory should focus to best support planners, commanders and senior decision makers.","owner":{"id":10244984,"first_name":"Nick","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bosio","page_name":"NickBosio","domain_name":"anu-au","created_at":"2014-03-18T19:54:46.265-07:00","display_name":"Nick Bosio","url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/NickBosio"},"attachments":[{"id":56370113,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56370113/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Understanding_Wars_Theory_-_what_military_theory_is_where_it_fits_who_influences_it.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56370113/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Understanding_Wars_Theory_what_military.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/56370113/Understanding_Wars_Theory_-_what_military_theory_is_where_it_fits_who_influences_it-libre.pdf?1524275890=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DUnderstanding_Wars_Theory_what_military.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446500\u0026Signature=D0gV4BaRQ2VoegHaPcz5Sc4asuUsmnEJClk75OLMSLMuQcKQ1EmIKMU7esCERbs8CmtZPn~WkQXQfeYlldl-Z7NdUojxiKA4l-Z3JSUkybLU9j0aM1U7MrmC79ILJkLhg6o1fKOrJYjk75SILip7LawiYFJRaPA5zmAS2UDIx5G9RTusLe8u5LMQ4BMwBdSyit~qowGsW9J-QUtR0vumfic60iqI24Rb8VJxfWJMGpqQCyjb5SLVIweBcK44DzevAe9h7N7Omc19LIGPOX473glN5I3IOLtDePmUL5vgQvzCa2BGAGqU3KeDRouwFNQhl5OSQyOmzH3zloqRK3KGMw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History"},{"id":2391,"name":"War Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Theory"},{"id":3872,"name":"War Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Studies"},{"id":3873,"name":"Strategic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_Studies"},{"id":92441,"name":"Military Education and Training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Education_and_Training"},{"id":100218,"name":"Clausewitz","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clausewitz"},{"id":129894,"name":"Philosophy of War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_War"},{"id":180315,"name":"Professional Military Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Professional_Military_Education"},{"id":402505,"name":"Military Operational Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Operational_Art"},{"id":480747,"name":"Operational Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Operational_Art"},{"id":969675,"name":"Jomini","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jomini"},{"id":985783,"name":"Liddell Hart","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liddell_Hart"},{"id":1761342,"name":"Strategic theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_theory"},{"id":2029984,"name":"Military theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_theory"}],"urls":[{"id":19232402,"url":"https://researchcentre.army.gov.au/library/occasional-papers/understanding-wars-theory-what-military-theory-where-it-fits-and-who-influences-it"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="14531318" id="thesisphdandmaster"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="71674163"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/71674163/An_Analysis_of_the_Relationship_between_Contemporary_Western_Military_Theory_Systems_Thinking_and_their_Key_Schools_of_Thought"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of An Analysis of the Relationship between Contemporary Western Military Theory, Systems Thinking, and their Key Schools-of-Thought" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/80918917/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/71674163/An_Analysis_of_the_Relationship_between_Contemporary_Western_Military_Theory_Systems_Thinking_and_their_Key_Schools_of_Thought">An Analysis of the Relationship between Contemporary Western Military Theory, Systems Thinking, and their Key Schools-of-Thought</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Thesis (PhD)</span><span>, Feb 9, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Since the 1990s, systems concepts have been used to enhance military theory. Such fusion assumes ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Since the 1990s, systems concepts have been used to enhance military theory. Such fusion assumes a strong relationship between systems thinking and military theory. This assumption underpins military concepts such as Effects-Based Operations, which was influential in planning the Afghanistan and Iraq Wars. The military failures in these wars led scholars to criticise systems-based concepts within military theory and practice. Nevertheless, practitioners and academics continue to use systems concepts to inform contemporary military doctrine and education. Such education shapes military professionals’ thinking on how to plan for, and conduct, war. <br /> <br />This thesis investigates the relationship between contemporary Western military theory, systems thinking, and their key schools-of-thought. The thesis identifies that the assumed relationship is founded on a belief that the world is made up of systems. This worldview, known as ‘hard systems thinking’, is held by both advocates and critics. There appears to be little consideration of the alternative systems worldview: ‘soft systems thinking’. This second school-of-thought views the world as complex and uses systems as frameworks to enhance understanding. The thesis explains how these systems paradigms have similarities with the two military theory worldviews of ‘war as science’ and ‘war as art’, respectively. Investigating how these schools-of-thought influence systems concepts may help explain when and how to use systems thinking to enhance military theory. <br /> <br />The investigation finds a strong relationship between military theory and systems thinking. This relationship is underpinned by the complementary use of both hard and soft systems thinking schools-of-thought. The thesis reviews the works of twelve military writers from across recorded history to find this relationship. The 2003-2011 Iraq War provides an illustrative case study. This case study corroborates the investigation’s findings, and provides initial insight into how paradigms can influence military thinking and practice. <br /> <br />The investigation indicates that each level of war preferences a school-of-thought. For example, the strategic level of war prefers soft systems thinking and war as art. Hard systems and war as science thinking are relevant to the tactical level of war. Another finding is that systems thinking, when used appropriately, appears to enhance the explanatory and descriptive power of military theory. The thesis found little support for using systems thinking to reinforce the predictive power of theory. The analysis of the theory-based and Iraq War case studies also sheds initial light on how the paradigms military practitioners hold can influence how they think about and execute war. Where practitioners hold paradigms not aligned with the findings in this thesis, military planning and action may risk strategic failure. <br /> <br />The thesis finds that Effects-Based Operations, and similar hard systems concepts, appear inappropriate at the strategic and operational levels of war. Next, the thesis identifies a set of principles that may help guide future military warfighting concept development. Another observation is that pre-war military education may be important in shaping pre-war thinking and in-war adaptation. Further research is likely to shed light on how to reduce the hard systems/war as science bias often seen in military thinking and planning. With the contemporary surge in great power competition, limiting these biases may help reduce the likelihood of great power competition becoming great power war.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="55f7b13b7d3cf9f5675591e38f26be86" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":80918917,"asset_id":71674163,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80918917/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="71674163"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="71674163"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71674163; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71674163]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71674163]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71674163; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='71674163']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "55f7b13b7d3cf9f5675591e38f26be86" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=71674163]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":71674163,"title":"An Analysis of the Relationship between Contemporary Western Military Theory, Systems Thinking, and their Key Schools-of-Thought","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.25911/D57M-W744","abstract":"Since the 1990s, systems concepts have been used to enhance military theory. Such fusion assumes a strong relationship between systems thinking and military theory. This assumption underpins military concepts such as Effects-Based Operations, which was influential in planning the Afghanistan and Iraq Wars. The military failures in these wars led scholars to criticise systems-based concepts within military theory and practice. Nevertheless, practitioners and academics continue to use systems concepts to inform contemporary military doctrine and education. Such education shapes military professionals’ thinking on how to plan for, and conduct, war.\r\n\r\nThis thesis investigates the relationship between contemporary Western military theory, systems thinking, and their key schools-of-thought. The thesis identifies that the assumed relationship is founded on a belief that the world is made up of systems. This worldview, known as ‘hard systems thinking’, is held by both advocates and critics. There appears to be little consideration of the alternative systems worldview: ‘soft systems thinking’. This second school-of-thought views the world as complex and uses systems as frameworks to enhance understanding. The thesis explains how these systems paradigms have similarities with the two military theory worldviews of ‘war as science’ and ‘war as art’, respectively. Investigating how these schools-of-thought influence systems concepts may help explain when and how to use systems thinking to enhance military theory.\r\n\r\nThe investigation finds a strong relationship between military theory and systems thinking. This relationship is underpinned by the complementary use of both hard and soft systems thinking schools-of-thought. The thesis reviews the works of twelve military writers from across recorded history to find this relationship. The 2003-2011 Iraq War provides an illustrative case study. This case study corroborates the investigation’s findings, and provides initial insight into how paradigms can influence military thinking and practice. \r\n\r\nThe investigation indicates that each level of war preferences a school-of-thought. For example, the strategic level of war prefers soft systems thinking and war as art. Hard systems and war as science thinking are relevant to the tactical level of war. Another finding is that systems thinking, when used appropriately, appears to enhance the explanatory and descriptive power of military theory. The thesis found little support for using systems thinking to reinforce the predictive power of theory. The analysis of the theory-based and Iraq War case studies also sheds initial light on how the paradigms military practitioners hold can influence how they think about and execute war. Where practitioners hold paradigms not aligned with the findings in this thesis, military planning and action may risk strategic failure.\r\n\r\nThe thesis finds that Effects-Based Operations, and similar hard systems concepts, appear inappropriate at the strategic and operational levels of war. Next, the thesis identifies a set of principles that may help guide future military warfighting concept development. Another observation is that pre-war military education may be important in shaping pre-war thinking and in-war adaptation. Further research is likely to shed light on how to reduce the hard systems/war as science bias often seen in military thinking and planning. With the contemporary surge in great power competition, limiting these biases may help reduce the likelihood of great power competition becoming great power war.","location":"Canberra, ACT, Australia","more_info":"A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Australian National University","organization":"Australian National University (Strategic and Defence Studies Centre)","publication_date":{"day":9,"month":2,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Thesis (PhD)"},"translated_abstract":"Since the 1990s, systems concepts have been used to enhance military theory. Such fusion assumes a strong relationship between systems thinking and military theory. This assumption underpins military concepts such as Effects-Based Operations, which was influential in planning the Afghanistan and Iraq Wars. The military failures in these wars led scholars to criticise systems-based concepts within military theory and practice. Nevertheless, practitioners and academics continue to use systems concepts to inform contemporary military doctrine and education. Such education shapes military professionals’ thinking on how to plan for, and conduct, war.\r\n\r\nThis thesis investigates the relationship between contemporary Western military theory, systems thinking, and their key schools-of-thought. The thesis identifies that the assumed relationship is founded on a belief that the world is made up of systems. This worldview, known as ‘hard systems thinking’, is held by both advocates and critics. There appears to be little consideration of the alternative systems worldview: ‘soft systems thinking’. This second school-of-thought views the world as complex and uses systems as frameworks to enhance understanding. The thesis explains how these systems paradigms have similarities with the two military theory worldviews of ‘war as science’ and ‘war as art’, respectively. Investigating how these schools-of-thought influence systems concepts may help explain when and how to use systems thinking to enhance military theory.\r\n\r\nThe investigation finds a strong relationship between military theory and systems thinking. This relationship is underpinned by the complementary use of both hard and soft systems thinking schools-of-thought. The thesis reviews the works of twelve military writers from across recorded history to find this relationship. The 2003-2011 Iraq War provides an illustrative case study. This case study corroborates the investigation’s findings, and provides initial insight into how paradigms can influence military thinking and practice. \r\n\r\nThe investigation indicates that each level of war preferences a school-of-thought. For example, the strategic level of war prefers soft systems thinking and war as art. Hard systems and war as science thinking are relevant to the tactical level of war. Another finding is that systems thinking, when used appropriately, appears to enhance the explanatory and descriptive power of military theory. The thesis found little support for using systems thinking to reinforce the predictive power of theory. The analysis of the theory-based and Iraq War case studies also sheds initial light on how the paradigms military practitioners hold can influence how they think about and execute war. Where practitioners hold paradigms not aligned with the findings in this thesis, military planning and action may risk strategic failure.\r\n\r\nThe thesis finds that Effects-Based Operations, and similar hard systems concepts, appear inappropriate at the strategic and operational levels of war. Next, the thesis identifies a set of principles that may help guide future military warfighting concept development. Another observation is that pre-war military education may be important in shaping pre-war thinking and in-war adaptation. Further research is likely to shed light on how to reduce the hard systems/war as science bias often seen in military thinking and planning. With the contemporary surge in great power competition, limiting these biases may help reduce the likelihood of great power competition becoming great power war.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/71674163/An_Analysis_of_the_Relationship_between_Contemporary_Western_Military_Theory_Systems_Thinking_and_their_Key_Schools_of_Thought","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-02-16T02:30:57.798-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10244984,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"thesis_chapter","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80918917,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/80918917/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Thesis_Relationship_between_Military_Theory_Systems_Thinking_and_their_Key_Schools_of_Thought.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80918917/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"An_Analysis_of_the_Relationship_between.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/80918917/Thesis_Relationship_between_Military_Theory_Systems_Thinking_and_their_Key_Schools_of_Thought-libre.pdf?1645009508=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAn_Analysis_of_the_Relationship_between.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446500\u0026Signature=Gyj5WViBozPuEpKYWxdEcNR7dIQ50MxdXhfb-gw3xzuq9yDGcBv-EpSbbAg93uQUlK70XEvQyokpt4a1EF-bsYM7qnI6-036Q1edBx8l6HD3T5UnwGyQ2tIwLsoTquIz7Gjkq22K91YDG7PMHQtTMVr72jfttdfhGnW9pj8be6z4lYEswtcPibzufgQ2lhpFvEVr8Zbj3RBKoY~jzoi4QmGVj4HnHylV4vG0BXYTIsLgGBWhYtBjMM3HaY0gspOsHkXf9Tr6THbs0Mg1NyJ93qwu1Ixt9v5DaGQCq2At~XkD1V6lCyBen05jYP6HmStuV~8eNzH7zHWXdk0~62Jk4Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"An_Analysis_of_the_Relationship_between_Contemporary_Western_Military_Theory_Systems_Thinking_and_their_Key_Schools_of_Thought","translated_slug":"","page_count":411,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Since the 1990s, systems concepts have been used to enhance military theory. Such fusion assumes a strong relationship between systems thinking and military theory. This assumption underpins military concepts such as Effects-Based Operations, which was influential in planning the Afghanistan and Iraq Wars. The military failures in these wars led scholars to criticise systems-based concepts within military theory and practice. Nevertheless, practitioners and academics continue to use systems concepts to inform contemporary military doctrine and education. Such education shapes military professionals’ thinking on how to plan for, and conduct, war.\r\n\r\nThis thesis investigates the relationship between contemporary Western military theory, systems thinking, and their key schools-of-thought. The thesis identifies that the assumed relationship is founded on a belief that the world is made up of systems. This worldview, known as ‘hard systems thinking’, is held by both advocates and critics. There appears to be little consideration of the alternative systems worldview: ‘soft systems thinking’. This second school-of-thought views the world as complex and uses systems as frameworks to enhance understanding. The thesis explains how these systems paradigms have similarities with the two military theory worldviews of ‘war as science’ and ‘war as art’, respectively. Investigating how these schools-of-thought influence systems concepts may help explain when and how to use systems thinking to enhance military theory.\r\n\r\nThe investigation finds a strong relationship between military theory and systems thinking. This relationship is underpinned by the complementary use of both hard and soft systems thinking schools-of-thought. The thesis reviews the works of twelve military writers from across recorded history to find this relationship. The 2003-2011 Iraq War provides an illustrative case study. This case study corroborates the investigation’s findings, and provides initial insight into how paradigms can influence military thinking and practice. \r\n\r\nThe investigation indicates that each level of war preferences a school-of-thought. For example, the strategic level of war prefers soft systems thinking and war as art. Hard systems and war as science thinking are relevant to the tactical level of war. Another finding is that systems thinking, when used appropriately, appears to enhance the explanatory and descriptive power of military theory. The thesis found little support for using systems thinking to reinforce the predictive power of theory. The analysis of the theory-based and Iraq War case studies also sheds initial light on how the paradigms military practitioners hold can influence how they think about and execute war. Where practitioners hold paradigms not aligned with the findings in this thesis, military planning and action may risk strategic failure.\r\n\r\nThe thesis finds that Effects-Based Operations, and similar hard systems concepts, appear inappropriate at the strategic and operational levels of war. Next, the thesis identifies a set of principles that may help guide future military warfighting concept development. Another observation is that pre-war military education may be important in shaping pre-war thinking and in-war adaptation. Further research is likely to shed light on how to reduce the hard systems/war as science bias often seen in military thinking and planning. With the contemporary surge in great power competition, limiting these biases may help reduce the likelihood of great power competition becoming great power war.","owner":{"id":10244984,"first_name":"Nick","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bosio","page_name":"NickBosio","domain_name":"anu-au","created_at":"2014-03-18T19:54:46.265-07:00","display_name":"Nick Bosio","url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/NickBosio"},"attachments":[{"id":80918917,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/80918917/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Thesis_Relationship_between_Military_Theory_Systems_Thinking_and_their_Key_Schools_of_Thought.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80918917/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"An_Analysis_of_the_Relationship_between.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/80918917/Thesis_Relationship_between_Military_Theory_Systems_Thinking_and_their_Key_Schools_of_Thought-libre.pdf?1645009508=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAn_Analysis_of_the_Relationship_between.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446500\u0026Signature=Gyj5WViBozPuEpKYWxdEcNR7dIQ50MxdXhfb-gw3xzuq9yDGcBv-EpSbbAg93uQUlK70XEvQyokpt4a1EF-bsYM7qnI6-036Q1edBx8l6HD3T5UnwGyQ2tIwLsoTquIz7Gjkq22K91YDG7PMHQtTMVr72jfttdfhGnW9pj8be6z4lYEswtcPibzufgQ2lhpFvEVr8Zbj3RBKoY~jzoi4QmGVj4HnHylV4vG0BXYTIsLgGBWhYtBjMM3HaY0gspOsHkXf9Tr6THbs0Mg1NyJ93qwu1Ixt9v5DaGQCq2At~XkD1V6lCyBen05jYP6HmStuV~8eNzH7zHWXdk0~62Jk4Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":559,"name":"Military Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Science"},{"id":2391,"name":"War Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Theory"},{"id":3872,"name":"War Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Studies"},{"id":4728,"name":"Systems Thinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systems_Thinking"},{"id":7300,"name":"Systems Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systems_Theory"},{"id":32938,"name":"Pluralism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pluralism"},{"id":44426,"name":"Military Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Studies"},{"id":74580,"name":"Iraq War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iraq_War"},{"id":100218,"name":"Clausewitz","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clausewitz"},{"id":129894,"name":"Philosophy of War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_War"},{"id":133515,"name":"Soft Systems Thinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soft_Systems_Thinking"},{"id":180315,"name":"Professional Military Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Professional_Military_Education"},{"id":180993,"name":"Habits of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Habits_of_Mind"},{"id":431783,"name":"Strategy and Strategic Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy_and_Strategic_Theory"},{"id":480747,"name":"Operational Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Operational_Art"},{"id":969675,"name":"Jomini","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jomini"},{"id":1120347,"name":"Theory of Operational Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theory_of_Operational_Art"},{"id":2029984,"name":"Military theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_theory"}],"urls":[{"id":19233652,"url":"https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/260048"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="6499009"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/6499009/Realistic_Balanced_Scorecards_Systemic_Understanding_via_the_Balanced_Scorecard_Cascaded_Construction_Method"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Realistic Balanced Scorecards: Systemic Understanding via the Balanced Scorecard Cascaded Construction Method" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36010725/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/6499009/Realistic_Balanced_Scorecards_Systemic_Understanding_via_the_Balanced_Scorecard_Cascaded_Construction_Method">Realistic Balanced Scorecards: Systemic Understanding via the Balanced Scorecard Cascaded Construction Method</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Thesis (Master of Engineer Science)</span><span>, Jun 2005</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Kaplan and Norton advocate a holistic approach to Balanced Scorecard construction. However their ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Kaplan and Norton advocate a holistic approach to Balanced Scorecard construction. However their traditional method of construction is seen to lack a rigorous understanding of complexity and human action. This leads current Balanced Scorecards to have several limitations in the areas of feedback, delay, and validation of measurements. Balanced Scorecards also recognise the need to cascade to the lowest level; however, they do not provide a holistic means of achieving this. <br /> <br />This research has been conducted to develop a method of Balanced Scorecard construction that overcomes the limitations and enables a holistic approach to understanding and learning. Systems thinking, systems dynamics and the systems engineering ‘Vee’ model combine to provide a new top-down/bottom-up method for understanding at the strategic, operational and tactical level. The top-down aspect develops understanding of complexity. It identifies the systemic structure of an organisation and its environment in order to locate the leverage points. The bottom-up aspect then constructs quantitative modules that provide a means of both validating measures and enabling “what if” scenario testing. A cases study demonstrates that this method provides a more systemic approach, in a systematic manner, to Balanced Scorecard construction. <br /> <br />NOTE - 20 Dec 14: Papers re-uploaded as there were formatting errors in the originals. Now viewable</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="910c9bd536e7064dc64fa96670e9159d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":36010725,"asset_id":6499009,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36010725/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="6499009"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6499009"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6499009; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6499009]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6499009]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6499009; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='6499009']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "910c9bd536e7064dc64fa96670e9159d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=6499009]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":6499009,"title":"Realistic Balanced Scorecards: Systemic Understanding via the Balanced Scorecard Cascaded Construction Method","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Kaplan and Norton advocate a holistic approach to Balanced Scorecard construction. However their traditional method of construction is seen to lack a rigorous understanding of complexity and human action. This leads current Balanced Scorecards to have several limitations in the areas of feedback, delay, and validation of measurements. Balanced Scorecards also recognise the need to cascade to the lowest level; however, they do not provide a holistic means of achieving this.\r\n\r\nThis research has been conducted to develop a method of Balanced Scorecard construction that overcomes the limitations and enables a holistic approach to understanding and learning. Systems thinking, systems dynamics and the systems engineering ‘Vee’ model combine to provide a new top-down/bottom-up method for understanding at the strategic, operational and tactical level. The top-down aspect develops understanding of complexity. It identifies the systemic structure of an organisation and its environment in order to locate the leverage points. The bottom-up aspect then constructs quantitative modules that provide a means of both validating measures and enabling “what if” scenario testing. A cases study demonstrates that this method provides a more systemic approach, in a systematic manner, to Balanced Scorecard construction.\r\n\r\nNOTE - 20 Dec 14: Papers re-uploaded as there were formatting errors in the originals. Now viewable","location":"Canberra, ACT, Australia","more_info":"A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering Science","organization":"University of New South Wales (ADFA Campus)","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":6,"year":2005,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Thesis (Master of Engineer Science)"},"translated_abstract":"Kaplan and Norton advocate a holistic approach to Balanced Scorecard construction. However their traditional method of construction is seen to lack a rigorous understanding of complexity and human action. This leads current Balanced Scorecards to have several limitations in the areas of feedback, delay, and validation of measurements. Balanced Scorecards also recognise the need to cascade to the lowest level; however, they do not provide a holistic means of achieving this.\r\n\r\nThis research has been conducted to develop a method of Balanced Scorecard construction that overcomes the limitations and enables a holistic approach to understanding and learning. Systems thinking, systems dynamics and the systems engineering ‘Vee’ model combine to provide a new top-down/bottom-up method for understanding at the strategic, operational and tactical level. The top-down aspect develops understanding of complexity. It identifies the systemic structure of an organisation and its environment in order to locate the leverage points. The bottom-up aspect then constructs quantitative modules that provide a means of both validating measures and enabling “what if” scenario testing. A cases study demonstrates that this method provides a more systemic approach, in a systematic manner, to Balanced Scorecard construction.\r\n\r\nNOTE - 20 Dec 14: Papers re-uploaded as there were formatting errors in the originals. Now viewable","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6499009/Realistic_Balanced_Scorecards_Systemic_Understanding_via_the_Balanced_Scorecard_Cascaded_Construction_Method","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-03-21T14:17:10.392-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10244984,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36010725,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36010725/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Realistic_BSCs_Vol_2_-_by_N_Bosio.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36010725/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Realistic_Balanced_Scorecards_Systemic_U.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/36010725/Realistic_BSCs_Vol_2_-_by_N_Bosio-libre.pdf?1419282797=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRealistic_Balanced_Scorecards_Systemic_U.pdf\u0026Expires=1742463324\u0026Signature=dkBbJzaogL2TEexbxWTz9mM~m2t4kS6eF0Nz56C9brjGqLqkQlsS9~SHTjB5lrut4phozrK4yE~hiw3jOZsl3517NGab1yfCDNNutB9QXfb~P39reNJ8A~7Dqcu64bYSbQtgeDxtliC-~N9koEYmgy30qamNJoKuQxSOFfJvVvcBKdqWPkkFu4CrNfq5vBXaNPhHA-2oSw8~9d20HEBEcgB2UK2wD83ErWJ~xV0TkbXLTjZJSQ1lv6REh~0S2HkCBSPTLwtJIiCmnrCkYTEuNEKDSDSR8EUjOw1RHJvDZKdx19WgvRle8~WRx5Ing~ATd8U5AHRKmXjHNTJenSP7jw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":36010718,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36010718/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Realistic_BSCs_Vol_1_-_By_N_Bosio.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36010718/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Realistic_Balanced_Scorecards_Systemic_U.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/36010718/Realistic_BSCs_Vol_1_-_By_N_Bosio-libre.pdf?1419281251=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRealistic_Balanced_Scorecards_Systemic_U.pdf\u0026Expires=1742463324\u0026Signature=VWubnQ8NY2xJiaz2RBWgVczz8Ee0vOM~ATasl62GoqCuPktAw3b~9WkIqH9l4NxzALH4Rn2PfarhVU7akjNMxfPFcyN~uHc1t29fXG32FAnvizb4ivu6gV0jNInHFLF8du9tI9owwuW~pdPHxGyhFIVqhuAwZ9GP7iHt3-0mSH0~G~HA5ANkDM5j8n83q1ONiQEkpBKuRxK0kq5l~eaHCpmaMK1XCuf6UrBzejupZwfyJn3GOawx8c8JzCRScZ4PVT3QNEBw7OGZcCZO2JKZZMHfkX1skJ5zUjTXlkT7Z~UNi-Yuz2np5geqi3qJvHW7Vv1q2aSQRcLPM5yZQCCUGw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Realistic_Balanced_Scorecards_Systemic_Understanding_via_the_Balanced_Scorecard_Cascaded_Construction_Method","translated_slug":"","page_count":328,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Kaplan and Norton advocate a holistic approach to Balanced Scorecard construction. However their traditional method of construction is seen to lack a rigorous understanding of complexity and human action. This leads current Balanced Scorecards to have several limitations in the areas of feedback, delay, and validation of measurements. Balanced Scorecards also recognise the need to cascade to the lowest level; however, they do not provide a holistic means of achieving this.\r\n\r\nThis research has been conducted to develop a method of Balanced Scorecard construction that overcomes the limitations and enables a holistic approach to understanding and learning. Systems thinking, systems dynamics and the systems engineering ‘Vee’ model combine to provide a new top-down/bottom-up method for understanding at the strategic, operational and tactical level. The top-down aspect develops understanding of complexity. It identifies the systemic structure of an organisation and its environment in order to locate the leverage points. The bottom-up aspect then constructs quantitative modules that provide a means of both validating measures and enabling “what if” scenario testing. A cases study demonstrates that this method provides a more systemic approach, in a systematic manner, to Balanced Scorecard construction.\r\n\r\nNOTE - 20 Dec 14: Papers re-uploaded as there were formatting errors in the originals. Now viewable","owner":{"id":10244984,"first_name":"Nick","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bosio","page_name":"NickBosio","domain_name":"anu-au","created_at":"2014-03-18T19:54:46.265-07:00","display_name":"Nick Bosio","url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/NickBosio"},"attachments":[{"id":36010725,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36010725/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Realistic_BSCs_Vol_2_-_by_N_Bosio.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36010725/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Realistic_Balanced_Scorecards_Systemic_U.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/36010725/Realistic_BSCs_Vol_2_-_by_N_Bosio-libre.pdf?1419282797=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRealistic_Balanced_Scorecards_Systemic_U.pdf\u0026Expires=1742463324\u0026Signature=dkBbJzaogL2TEexbxWTz9mM~m2t4kS6eF0Nz56C9brjGqLqkQlsS9~SHTjB5lrut4phozrK4yE~hiw3jOZsl3517NGab1yfCDNNutB9QXfb~P39reNJ8A~7Dqcu64bYSbQtgeDxtliC-~N9koEYmgy30qamNJoKuQxSOFfJvVvcBKdqWPkkFu4CrNfq5vBXaNPhHA-2oSw8~9d20HEBEcgB2UK2wD83ErWJ~xV0TkbXLTjZJSQ1lv6REh~0S2HkCBSPTLwtJIiCmnrCkYTEuNEKDSDSR8EUjOw1RHJvDZKdx19WgvRle8~WRx5Ing~ATd8U5AHRKmXjHNTJenSP7jw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":36010718,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36010718/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Realistic_BSCs_Vol_1_-_By_N_Bosio.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36010718/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Realistic_Balanced_Scorecards_Systemic_U.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/36010718/Realistic_BSCs_Vol_1_-_By_N_Bosio-libre.pdf?1419281251=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRealistic_Balanced_Scorecards_Systemic_U.pdf\u0026Expires=1742463325\u0026Signature=JZHXEBiv9~qfQoUJRD6ly-6GC2ysUCodufq2E~T-JiqRwqZJPMk0H7j9uwuWBcwDx7FFy2eT6BXYXuHMJ3xbUtffUxECy~jCSFHY2T624PwUHhuLUUsb9UVH0JSVDaDJzGq37O3R4yoeM4QBKwKVNcV~PtiaaT0JovPavIH8UjUXhjF4Z2I3OG5n3V5yXhIg0HbLuKb6N3P7kk3CsZXzMn6ISzfoYVe-KEqJ5kTlvXIHZvteRKfXWShhglA12CmZ9xssgCwrkCxdMqVcVTSW5SEJySGrX-Dnc0Jqxu0MXStX8Y-bqgXQH~HQws26j4M-ja4C6NFItzkKRSmDtRJCOw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4728,"name":"Systems Thinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systems_Thinking"},{"id":4965,"name":"Performance Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Management"},{"id":7209,"name":"Performance Measurement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Measurement"},{"id":9013,"name":"Balanced Scorecard","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balanced_Scorecard"},{"id":11592,"name":"System Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/System_Dynamics"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="14531774" id="journalarticles"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="92648383"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/92648383/Gaming_to_Win_Enhancing_Military_Decision_Making"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Gaming to Win: Enhancing Military Decision-Making" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/95600862/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/92648383/Gaming_to_Win_Enhancing_Military_Decision_Making">Gaming to Win: Enhancing Military Decision-Making</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Australian Army Journal</span><span>, Dec 7, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This article argues for a culture of deliberate professional gaming. Gaming, as a part of educati...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This article argues for a culture of deliberate professional gaming. Gaming, as a part of education and as a professional pastime, was a historical norm in Western militaries. Yet, contemporary militaries treat gaming as a curiosity. This contemporary view is in stark contrast to the weight of research that highlights how games enhance the mental skills that underpin decision-making, and the mental models used in decision-making. To demonstrate these benefits, the article first explains how human decision-making links to the Military Appreciation Process. The article then outlines how gaming can enhance individual and collective decision-making skills. The article also provides an overview on how to introduce a deliberate professional gaming culture into Army, with a focus on the Royal Military College – Duntroon. The article notes that the advocated approach can be adapted to the Australian Defence Force Academy and the Australian War College. Given the changing and uncertain strategic environment, Western militaries are unlikely to enjoy the technological, material, and mass advantages of the last forty years. Enhancing military thinking and creative decision-making may provide the intellectual edge needed during this time of great power competition.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="11f6c15c51eb9d17f64eeaa1b172c5cb" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":95600862,"asset_id":92648383,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/95600862/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="92648383"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="92648383"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 92648383; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=92648383]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=92648383]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 92648383; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='92648383']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "11f6c15c51eb9d17f64eeaa1b172c5cb" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=92648383]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":92648383,"title":"Gaming to Win: Enhancing Military Decision-Making","translated_title":"","metadata":{"issue":"1","volume":"xviii","abstract":"This article argues for a culture of deliberate professional gaming. Gaming, as a part of education and as a professional pastime, was a historical norm in Western militaries. Yet, contemporary militaries treat gaming as a curiosity. This contemporary view is in stark contrast to the weight of research that highlights how games enhance the mental skills that underpin decision-making, and the mental models used in decision-making. To demonstrate these benefits, the article first explains how human decision-making links to the Military Appreciation Process. The article then outlines how gaming can enhance individual and collective decision-making skills. The article also provides an overview on how to introduce a deliberate professional gaming culture into Army, with a focus on the Royal Military College – Duntroon. The article notes that the advocated approach can be adapted to the Australian Defence Force Academy and the Australian War College. Given the changing and uncertain strategic environment, Western militaries are unlikely to enjoy the technological, material, and mass advantages of the last forty years. Enhancing military thinking and creative decision-making may provide the intellectual edge needed during this time of great power competition.","location":"Canberra, Australia","more_info":"ISSN (Digital): 2200-0992","ai_title_tag":"Enhancing Military Decision-Making through Gaming","journal_name":"Australian Army Journal","organization":"Australian Army","page_numbers":"37-68","publication_date":{"day":7,"month":12,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Australian Army Journal"},"translated_abstract":"This article argues for a culture of deliberate professional gaming. Gaming, as a part of education and as a professional pastime, was a historical norm in Western militaries. Yet, contemporary militaries treat gaming as a curiosity. This contemporary view is in stark contrast to the weight of research that highlights how games enhance the mental skills that underpin decision-making, and the mental models used in decision-making. To demonstrate these benefits, the article first explains how human decision-making links to the Military Appreciation Process. The article then outlines how gaming can enhance individual and collective decision-making skills. The article also provides an overview on how to introduce a deliberate professional gaming culture into Army, with a focus on the Royal Military College – Duntroon. The article notes that the advocated approach can be adapted to the Australian Defence Force Academy and the Australian War College. Given the changing and uncertain strategic environment, Western militaries are unlikely to enjoy the technological, material, and mass advantages of the last forty years. Enhancing military thinking and creative decision-making may provide the intellectual edge needed during this time of great power competition.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/92648383/Gaming_to_Win_Enhancing_Military_Decision_Making","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-12-11T14:37:02.342-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10244984,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":95600862,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/95600862/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"221207_Gaming_to_Win_AAJ_Vol_xvii_p37_68_.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/95600862/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Gaming_to_Win_Enhancing_Military_Decisio.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/95600862/221207_Gaming_to_Win_AAJ_Vol_xvii_p37_68_-libre.pdf?1670798424=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DGaming_to_Win_Enhancing_Military_Decisio.pdf\u0026Expires=1742463325\u0026Signature=KvlNddK6g0zWs-CtAN~WQ9Zb~oAVB4X3ykNzPEEOrOSCsYeZJu26SpvqlAHf-DkSFH73FQfUdE0atlNBKuUOecckSu7xx11bX2ZxutxgrR1Fxhs3xXk8gEtMPUQFMjJUPRygK~AYKjCe7JAmrVqtA5ND2Vp18zR9bPXuZ5eJVFdvq-hyfZX6EiG2IXbGEqqOMxG81VBLgmeF3piZD8kNx~tEZzPCoqwxX~qnuU-J0P~q61FxSN5iou2KZTUtfgpaoNCQDdrUvia9AA8lvtAuI~U-swNG7sNRmsHvN1Vo1mcW1BXtyp0lj2Yd8aLSnPCZY9DvFdhg9fKqc0mDLgMU5w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Gaming_to_Win_Enhancing_Military_Decision_Making","translated_slug":"","page_count":37,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"This article argues for a culture of deliberate professional gaming. Gaming, as a part of education and as a professional pastime, was a historical norm in Western militaries. Yet, contemporary militaries treat gaming as a curiosity. This contemporary view is in stark contrast to the weight of research that highlights how games enhance the mental skills that underpin decision-making, and the mental models used in decision-making. To demonstrate these benefits, the article first explains how human decision-making links to the Military Appreciation Process. The article then outlines how gaming can enhance individual and collective decision-making skills. The article also provides an overview on how to introduce a deliberate professional gaming culture into Army, with a focus on the Royal Military College – Duntroon. The article notes that the advocated approach can be adapted to the Australian Defence Force Academy and the Australian War College. Given the changing and uncertain strategic environment, Western militaries are unlikely to enjoy the technological, material, and mass advantages of the last forty years. Enhancing military thinking and creative decision-making may provide the intellectual edge needed during this time of great power competition.","owner":{"id":10244984,"first_name":"Nick","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bosio","page_name":"NickBosio","domain_name":"anu-au","created_at":"2014-03-18T19:54:46.265-07:00","display_name":"Nick Bosio","url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/NickBosio"},"attachments":[{"id":95600862,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/95600862/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"221207_Gaming_to_Win_AAJ_Vol_xvii_p37_68_.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/95600862/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Gaming_to_Win_Enhancing_Military_Decisio.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/95600862/221207_Gaming_to_Win_AAJ_Vol_xvii_p37_68_-libre.pdf?1670798424=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DGaming_to_Win_Enhancing_Military_Decisio.pdf\u0026Expires=1742463325\u0026Signature=KvlNddK6g0zWs-CtAN~WQ9Zb~oAVB4X3ykNzPEEOrOSCsYeZJu26SpvqlAHf-DkSFH73FQfUdE0atlNBKuUOecckSu7xx11bX2ZxutxgrR1Fxhs3xXk8gEtMPUQFMjJUPRygK~AYKjCe7JAmrVqtA5ND2Vp18zR9bPXuZ5eJVFdvq-hyfZX6EiG2IXbGEqqOMxG81VBLgmeF3piZD8kNx~tEZzPCoqwxX~qnuU-J0P~q61FxSN5iou2KZTUtfgpaoNCQDdrUvia9AA8lvtAuI~U-swNG7sNRmsHvN1Vo1mcW1BXtyp0lj2Yd8aLSnPCZY9DvFdhg9fKqc0mDLgMU5w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History"},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science"},{"id":559,"name":"Military Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Science"},{"id":561,"name":"Doctrine (Military Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Doctrine_Military_Science_"},{"id":579,"name":"Strategy (Military Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy_Military_Science_"},{"id":580,"name":"Tactics (Military Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tactics_Military_Science_"},{"id":1681,"name":"Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making"},{"id":2537,"name":"Heuristics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heuristics"},{"id":30072,"name":"Military Simulations and Training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Simulations_and_Training"},{"id":39946,"name":"Military","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military"},{"id":48164,"name":"Board Games","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Board_Games"},{"id":55284,"name":"Gaming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gaming"},{"id":100831,"name":"Mental Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Models"},{"id":114978,"name":"Wargaming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wargaming"},{"id":180315,"name":"Professional Military Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Professional_Military_Education"},{"id":288141,"name":"Wargames","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wargames"},{"id":402505,"name":"Military Operational Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Operational_Art"},{"id":665780,"name":"Strategy and Military Operations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy_and_Military_Operations"},{"id":672195,"name":"Operational Planning and Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Operational_Planning_and_Design"},{"id":2029984,"name":"Military theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_theory"}],"urls":[{"id":26907684,"url":"https://researchcentre.army.gov.au/library/australian-army-journal-aaj/volume-18-number-1"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="75766053"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75766053/Moulding_Wars_Thinking_Using_Wargaming_to_Broaden_Military_Minds"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Moulding War's Thinking: Using Wargaming to Broaden Military Minds" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83406597/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75766053/Moulding_Wars_Thinking_Using_Wargaming_to_Broaden_Military_Minds">Moulding War's Thinking: Using Wargaming to Broaden Military Minds</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Australian Army Journal</span><span>, Dec 17, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Unrestricted wargames can build confidence, test mental models, and provide a method to create mi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Unrestricted wargames can build confidence, test mental models, and provide a method to create military experiences outside of live exercises and direct combat operations. By pitting an individual or group against other living beings, these wargames require military professionals to confront the uncertainty of war. The dynamic nature of such wargames helps translate military theory into military practice. This article argues that unrestricted wargaming is a vital component of broadening military officers’ minds. By examining US and Japanese wargaming practices, the article proposes that unrestricted wargaming should be incorporated into Australian Army junior officer training courses to help officers test their biases, frame problems and accept alternative viewpoints.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="522a0ed4ffcd258765289efae4af6bb0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":83406597,"asset_id":75766053,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83406597/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75766053"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75766053"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75766053; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75766053]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75766053]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75766053; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='75766053']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "522a0ed4ffcd258765289efae4af6bb0" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75766053]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75766053,"title":"Moulding War's Thinking: Using Wargaming to Broaden Military Minds","translated_title":"","metadata":{"issue":"2","volume":"16","abstract":"Unrestricted wargames can build confidence, test mental models, and provide a method to create military experiences outside of live exercises and direct combat operations. By pitting an individual or group against other living beings, these wargames require military professionals to confront the uncertainty of war. The dynamic nature of such wargames helps translate military theory into military practice. This article argues that unrestricted wargaming is a vital component of broadening military officers’ minds. By examining US and Japanese wargaming practices, the article proposes that unrestricted wargaming should be incorporated into Australian Army junior officer training courses to help officers test their biases, frame problems and accept alternative viewpoints.","location":"Canberra, ACT, Australia","journal_name":"Australian Army Journal","organization":"Australian Army Research Centre","page_numbers":"25-48","publication_date":{"day":17,"month":12,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Australian Army Journal"},"translated_abstract":"Unrestricted wargames can build confidence, test mental models, and provide a method to create military experiences outside of live exercises and direct combat operations. By pitting an individual or group against other living beings, these wargames require military professionals to confront the uncertainty of war. The dynamic nature of such wargames helps translate military theory into military practice. This article argues that unrestricted wargaming is a vital component of broadening military officers’ minds. By examining US and Japanese wargaming practices, the article proposes that unrestricted wargaming should be incorporated into Australian Army junior officer training courses to help officers test their biases, frame problems and accept alternative viewpoints.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75766053/Moulding_Wars_Thinking_Using_Wargaming_to_Broaden_Military_Minds","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-04-07T18:22:30.540-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10244984,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83406597,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83406597/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"201217_AAJ_Moulding_Wars_Thinking_Using_Wargaming_to_Broaden_Military_Minds_NJ_Bosio.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83406597/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Moulding_Wars_Thinking_Using_Wargaming_t.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/83406597/201217_AAJ_Moulding_Wars_Thinking_Using_Wargaming_to_Broaden_Military_Minds_NJ_Bosio-libre.pdf?1649383903=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMoulding_Wars_Thinking_Using_Wargaming_t.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446500\u0026Signature=R6ou3sODig~1Qn3ivqufJz1Thq7Yypzc5ay0i5-mNoWPjIN4KYy6XEN0hC7omB0GO-DMKIqcE0tO1E0LaVmP6kOqOme8w2XEqX2lW4w0Lvf~yFWvYtDBBbt6IuvNznhdruMtysuwM-9GEvjLbqCpPWWIKarzomHtOBBvX~HSGcQ1M-38Bj-o6xbGkfXC2eHKLs31YIwQv4wuZi11N~Npkgf9wztZazEgGcUO8h7ggqBpP7DaueQJ5RTMlWhHR5XY1ZVn6O2tqjTjc9Gh7VfKL9zmjiKloRvEATF0UbrULnWSmZvCCGYTY9GhmyCqPxTGoGkB2V20Xs6hzR3dHdP~oA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Moulding_Wars_Thinking_Using_Wargaming_to_Broaden_Military_Minds","translated_slug":"","page_count":24,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Unrestricted wargames can build confidence, test mental models, and provide a method to create military experiences outside of live exercises and direct combat operations. By pitting an individual or group against other living beings, these wargames require military professionals to confront the uncertainty of war. The dynamic nature of such wargames helps translate military theory into military practice. This article argues that unrestricted wargaming is a vital component of broadening military officers’ minds. By examining US and Japanese wargaming practices, the article proposes that unrestricted wargaming should be incorporated into Australian Army junior officer training courses to help officers test their biases, frame problems and accept alternative viewpoints.","owner":{"id":10244984,"first_name":"Nick","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bosio","page_name":"NickBosio","domain_name":"anu-au","created_at":"2014-03-18T19:54:46.265-07:00","display_name":"Nick Bosio","url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/NickBosio"},"attachments":[{"id":83406597,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83406597/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"201217_AAJ_Moulding_Wars_Thinking_Using_Wargaming_to_Broaden_Military_Minds_NJ_Bosio.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83406597/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Moulding_Wars_Thinking_Using_Wargaming_t.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/83406597/201217_AAJ_Moulding_Wars_Thinking_Using_Wargaming_to_Broaden_Military_Minds_NJ_Bosio-libre.pdf?1649383903=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMoulding_Wars_Thinking_Using_Wargaming_t.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446500\u0026Signature=R6ou3sODig~1Qn3ivqufJz1Thq7Yypzc5ay0i5-mNoWPjIN4KYy6XEN0hC7omB0GO-DMKIqcE0tO1E0LaVmP6kOqOme8w2XEqX2lW4w0Lvf~yFWvYtDBBbt6IuvNznhdruMtysuwM-9GEvjLbqCpPWWIKarzomHtOBBvX~HSGcQ1M-38Bj-o6xbGkfXC2eHKLs31YIwQv4wuZi11N~Npkgf9wztZazEgGcUO8h7ggqBpP7DaueQJ5RTMlWhHR5XY1ZVn6O2tqjTjc9Gh7VfKL9zmjiKloRvEATF0UbrULnWSmZvCCGYTY9GhmyCqPxTGoGkB2V20Xs6hzR3dHdP~oA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History"},{"id":559,"name":"Military Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Science"},{"id":579,"name":"Strategy (Military Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy_Military_Science_"},{"id":580,"name":"Tactics (Military Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tactics_Military_Science_"},{"id":3872,"name":"War Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Studies"},{"id":3873,"name":"Strategic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_Studies"},{"id":12739,"name":"Second World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_World_War"},{"id":74580,"name":"Iraq War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iraq_War"},{"id":80121,"name":"Inter-War Period","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inter-War_Period"},{"id":114978,"name":"Wargaming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wargaming"},{"id":177568,"name":"2003 Iraq War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/2003_Iraq_War"},{"id":179286,"name":"Art of War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_of_War"},{"id":180315,"name":"Professional Military Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Professional_Military_Education"},{"id":180993,"name":"Habits of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Habits_of_Mind"},{"id":288141,"name":"Wargames","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wargames"},{"id":294517,"name":"Defense and Strategic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Defense_and_Strategic_Studies"},{"id":402505,"name":"Military Operational Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Operational_Art"},{"id":637748,"name":"Tactical Wargames","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tactical_Wargames"},{"id":2029984,"name":"Military theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_theory"}],"urls":[{"id":19233199,"url":"https://researchcentre.army.gov.au/library/australian-army-journal-aaj/volume-16-number-2"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="1273862" id="papersshortarticles"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="75769240"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75769240/Integrated_Campaigning_Part_2_Developing_Our_People_for_Integrated_Campaigning"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Integrated Campaigning (Part 2): Developing Our People for Integrated Campaigning" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83408617/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75769240/Integrated_Campaigning_Part_2_Developing_Our_People_for_Integrated_Campaigning">Integrated Campaigning (Part 2): Developing Our People for Integrated Campaigning</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Cove</span><span>, Apr 4, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Integrated Campaigning is the ADF’s single capstone concept that describes how the ADF maximises ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Integrated Campaigning is the ADF’s single capstone concept that describes how the ADF maximises and applies power to defend Australia and its national interests. Integrated Campaigning is the focussed aggregation and application of national power in pursuit of national interests, achieved by realising the potential of ADF’s people, ideas and material, combined with those of allies and partners. To achieve such integration requires the ADF to foster and grow key characteristics in its people. This article explores these traits.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="433e666c4b13783a5b9d781fe07345f0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":83408617,"asset_id":75769240,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83408617/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75769240"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75769240"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75769240; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75769240]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75769240]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75769240; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='75769240']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "433e666c4b13783a5b9d781fe07345f0" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75769240]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75769240,"title":"Integrated Campaigning (Part 2): Developing Our People for Integrated Campaigning","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Integrated Campaigning is the ADF’s single capstone concept that describes how the ADF maximises and applies power to defend Australia and its national interests. Integrated Campaigning is the focussed aggregation and application of national power in pursuit of national interests, achieved by realising the potential of ADF’s people, ideas and material, combined with those of allies and partners. To achieve such integration requires the ADF to foster and grow key characteristics in its people. This article explores these traits.","location":"Sydney, NSW, Australia","organization":"Australian Army","publication_date":{"day":4,"month":4,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"The Cove"},"translated_abstract":"Integrated Campaigning is the ADF’s single capstone concept that describes how the ADF maximises and applies power to defend Australia and its national interests. Integrated Campaigning is the focussed aggregation and application of national power in pursuit of national interests, achieved by realising the potential of ADF’s people, ideas and material, combined with those of allies and partners. To achieve such integration requires the ADF to foster and grow key characteristics in its people. This article explores these traits.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75769240/Integrated_Campaigning_Part_2_Developing_Our_People_for_Integrated_Campaigning","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-04-07T19:32:56.437-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10244984,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83408617,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83408617/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"220404_Integrated_Campaigning_Part_2_Developing_Ou.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83408617/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Integrated_Campaigning_Part_2_Developing.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/83408617/220404_Integrated_Campaigning_Part_2_Developing_Ou-libre.pdf?1649385973=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIntegrated_Campaigning_Part_2_Developing.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446500\u0026Signature=DpF5iBb5ZmpQQWUDPx8U-J2FxTPewh2ZgywEYMOrAu28vBnJ2AFo023IRtk9Xb2Lh9DcED-e3Ud0bf44tbaeN5dd4QgS2-7-6gGdfjGecDHGnSfev-7ci~BU24kDrw5-bJho0tY6kb-y2ECwdcBVPWHx6S0t52bbgz1jevF0i~q86LzTQa643IIRg-lHHfH5uv938XiAHghEEQtH9Wy-~vOPkMSzl6zLVnRMNkJGw44MOB7~auOxvNKLtWL0xyzo5UN4hdJPXoVyj1JyTtt9bl~82vGkawnM2q~lGiQKbGaPWVAUcvniZHhnMoc-rfw0D58GU4VuwOCtD4CQnZ3b8g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Integrated_Campaigning_Part_2_Developing_Our_People_for_Integrated_Campaigning","translated_slug":"","page_count":17,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Integrated Campaigning is the ADF’s single capstone concept that describes how the ADF maximises and applies power to defend Australia and its national interests. Integrated Campaigning is the focussed aggregation and application of national power in pursuit of national interests, achieved by realising the potential of ADF’s people, ideas and material, combined with those of allies and partners. To achieve such integration requires the ADF to foster and grow key characteristics in its people. This article explores these traits.","owner":{"id":10244984,"first_name":"Nick","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bosio","page_name":"NickBosio","domain_name":"anu-au","created_at":"2014-03-18T19:54:46.265-07:00","display_name":"Nick Bosio","url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/NickBosio"},"attachments":[{"id":83408617,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83408617/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"220404_Integrated_Campaigning_Part_2_Developing_Ou.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83408617/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Integrated_Campaigning_Part_2_Developing.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/83408617/220404_Integrated_Campaigning_Part_2_Developing_Ou-libre.pdf?1649385973=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIntegrated_Campaigning_Part_2_Developing.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446500\u0026Signature=DpF5iBb5ZmpQQWUDPx8U-J2FxTPewh2ZgywEYMOrAu28vBnJ2AFo023IRtk9Xb2Lh9DcED-e3Ud0bf44tbaeN5dd4QgS2-7-6gGdfjGecDHGnSfev-7ci~BU24kDrw5-bJho0tY6kb-y2ECwdcBVPWHx6S0t52bbgz1jevF0i~q86LzTQa643IIRg-lHHfH5uv938XiAHghEEQtH9Wy-~vOPkMSzl6zLVnRMNkJGw44MOB7~auOxvNKLtWL0xyzo5UN4hdJPXoVyj1JyTtt9bl~82vGkawnM2q~lGiQKbGaPWVAUcvniZHhnMoc-rfw0D58GU4VuwOCtD4CQnZ3b8g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":559,"name":"Military Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Science"},{"id":568,"name":"Military Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Ethics"},{"id":19981,"name":"Military Culture and Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Culture_and_Structure"},{"id":98278,"name":"Military Leadership","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Leadership"},{"id":179286,"name":"Art of War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_of_War"},{"id":402505,"name":"Military Operational Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Operational_Art"},{"id":480747,"name":"Operational Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Operational_Art"},{"id":597839,"name":"Military Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Education"},{"id":2029984,"name":"Military theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_theory"}],"urls":[{"id":19234282,"url":"https://cove.army.gov.au/article/integrated-campaigning-part-2-developing-our-people-integrated-campaigning"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="75766932"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75766932/What_RIGHT_Looks_Like_Linking_Command_and_Moral_Authority"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of What 'RIGHT' Looks Like: Linking Command and Moral Authority" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83407237/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75766932/What_RIGHT_Looks_Like_Linking_Command_and_Moral_Authority">What 'RIGHT' Looks Like: Linking Command and Moral Authority</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Forge</span><span>, Aug 19, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Understanding the differences between legal and moral authority is critical. Without this, milita...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Understanding the differences between legal and moral authority is critical. Without this, military officers may believe the legal authority to give an order is a moral absolute. This article argues that moral authority is a vital part of command and leadership. The article explains what moral authority is, how it relates to command and leadership, and why more education on moral authority is required for military officers.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bc115f7d5a8aa160b14969306e0207b2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":83407237,"asset_id":75766932,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83407237/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75766932"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75766932"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75766932; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75766932]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75766932]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75766932; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='75766932']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "bc115f7d5a8aa160b14969306e0207b2" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75766932]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75766932,"title":"What 'RIGHT' Looks Like: Linking Command and Moral Authority","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Understanding the differences between legal and moral authority is critical. Without this, military officers may believe the legal authority to give an order is a moral absolute. This article argues that moral authority is a vital part of command and leadership. The article explains what moral authority is, how it relates to command and leadership, and why more education on moral authority is required for military officers.","location":"Canberra, ACT, Australia","organization":"Australian Defence College","publication_date":{"day":19,"month":8,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"The Forge"},"translated_abstract":"Understanding the differences between legal and moral authority is critical. Without this, military officers may believe the legal authority to give an order is a moral absolute. This article argues that moral authority is a vital part of command and leadership. The article explains what moral authority is, how it relates to command and leadership, and why more education on moral authority is required for military officers.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75766932/What_RIGHT_Looks_Like_Linking_Command_and_Moral_Authority","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-04-07T18:47:53.544-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10244984,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83407237,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83407237/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"200819_What_RIGHT_Looks_Like_Linking_Command_and_Moral_Authority_The_Forge.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83407237/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"What_RIGHT_Looks_Like_Linking_Command_an.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/83407237/200819_What_RIGHT_Looks_Like_Linking_Command_and_Moral_Authority_The_Forge-libre.pdf?1649383856=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWhat_RIGHT_Looks_Like_Linking_Command_an.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446500\u0026Signature=ZavgBqD3KlemAUAcEqTsoO-eHAyHsX6LaPeTieCFQpmXU~iUt2a58czZef0Z~rn0CTIKjodw-EGgIQgV5huv2zYCwOiWJidFCAdb5g4ji~~q4cxXQ7~crXGjkBsPIifgKv0Hb6H4rndlnSsshmqntOTEzGnqN-bgdkHba2QcFzf-PsIlx0SO8C2AqZswdiEJ-FzDyvsGMWHWgrDonfvEKe59Gf6Yknl5jPJuv7pDgTVEA6cuHD1fWLGfvqMftNJFIrXgHW0eH-pXAGh8-ffZvfjWdFBhFAyRcOqvZFVVf1sXxpwNvSun-sXhdOtBpYGpA1ChBY9~UD3Bmz1HcuIUTg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"What_RIGHT_Looks_Like_Linking_Command_and_Moral_Authority","translated_slug":"","page_count":21,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Understanding the differences between legal and moral authority is critical. Without this, military officers may believe the legal authority to give an order is a moral absolute. This article argues that moral authority is a vital part of command and leadership. The article explains what moral authority is, how it relates to command and leadership, and why more education on moral authority is required for military officers.","owner":{"id":10244984,"first_name":"Nick","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bosio","page_name":"NickBosio","domain_name":"anu-au","created_at":"2014-03-18T19:54:46.265-07:00","display_name":"Nick Bosio","url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/NickBosio"},"attachments":[{"id":83407237,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83407237/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"200819_What_RIGHT_Looks_Like_Linking_Command_and_Moral_Authority_The_Forge.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83407237/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"What_RIGHT_Looks_Like_Linking_Command_an.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/83407237/200819_What_RIGHT_Looks_Like_Linking_Command_and_Moral_Authority_The_Forge-libre.pdf?1649383856=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWhat_RIGHT_Looks_Like_Linking_Command_an.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446500\u0026Signature=ZavgBqD3KlemAUAcEqTsoO-eHAyHsX6LaPeTieCFQpmXU~iUt2a58czZef0Z~rn0CTIKjodw-EGgIQgV5huv2zYCwOiWJidFCAdb5g4ji~~q4cxXQ7~crXGjkBsPIifgKv0Hb6H4rndlnSsshmqntOTEzGnqN-bgdkHba2QcFzf-PsIlx0SO8C2AqZswdiEJ-FzDyvsGMWHWgrDonfvEKe59Gf6Yknl5jPJuv7pDgTVEA6cuHD1fWLGfvqMftNJFIrXgHW0eH-pXAGh8-ffZvfjWdFBhFAyRcOqvZFVVf1sXxpwNvSun-sXhdOtBpYGpA1ChBY9~UD3Bmz1HcuIUTg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":209,"name":"Social Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Theory"},{"id":568,"name":"Military Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Ethics"},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy"},{"id":2459,"name":"Social Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Philosophy"},{"id":2825,"name":"Power (social)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_social_"},{"id":2969,"name":"Leadership","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leadership"},{"id":3872,"name":"War Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Studies"},{"id":18373,"name":"Moral Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Philosophy"},{"id":98278,"name":"Military Leadership","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Leadership"},{"id":180315,"name":"Professional Military Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Professional_Military_Education"},{"id":332646,"name":"Moral Authority","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Authority"},{"id":960038,"name":"Theory of Power","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theory_of_Power"}],"urls":[{"id":19233533,"url":"https://theforge.defence.gov.au/publications/what-right-looks-linking-command-and-moral-authority"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="75766646"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75766646/What_Is_War_Defining_War_Conflict_and_Competition"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of What Is War: Defining War, Conflict, and Competition" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83407022/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75766646/What_Is_War_Defining_War_Conflict_and_Competition">What Is War: Defining War, Conflict, and Competition</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Land Power Forum</span><span>, Mar 5, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">With rising great power contestation and increasing strategic risk across the globe, everything s...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">With rising great power contestation and increasing strategic risk across the globe, everything seems to be called ‘war’. Although war means more than its narrow dictionary definition, the question remains: what is war? This article defines war, conflict, and competition. Without understanding what war is, military professionals advise governments and policy makers.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4db1d075591eb70454d62f64baf3665e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":83407022,"asset_id":75766646,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83407022/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75766646"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75766646"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75766646; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75766646]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75766646]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75766646; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='75766646']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4db1d075591eb70454d62f64baf3665e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75766646]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75766646,"title":"What Is War: Defining War, Conflict, and Competition","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"With rising great power contestation and increasing strategic risk across the globe, everything seems to be called ‘war’. Although war means more than its narrow dictionary definition, the question remains: what is war? This article defines war, conflict, and competition. Without understanding what war is, military professionals advise governments and policy makers.","location":"Canberra, ACT, Australia","more_info":"Replublished 10 Feb 2022","organization":"Australian Army Research Centre","publication_date":{"day":5,"month":3,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Land Power Forum"},"translated_abstract":"With rising great power contestation and increasing strategic risk across the globe, everything seems to be called ‘war’. Although war means more than its narrow dictionary definition, the question remains: what is war? This article defines war, conflict, and competition. Without understanding what war is, military professionals advise governments and policy makers.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75766646/What_Is_War_Defining_War_Conflict_and_Competition","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-04-07T18:38:59.059-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10244984,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83407022,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83407022/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"220408_What_Is_War_Defining_War_Conflict_and_Competition_Australian_Army_Research_Centre_AARC_.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83407022/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"What_Is_War_Defining_War_Conflict_and_Co.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/83407022/220408_What_Is_War_Defining_War_Conflict_and_Competition_Australian_Army_Research_Centre_AARC_-libre.pdf?1649383872=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWhat_Is_War_Defining_War_Conflict_and_Co.pdf\u0026Expires=1742463325\u0026Signature=gmCn4UImYsgHNWOpE~MBgutvZBW0EMF4sUzaBhq5J8mh-03dRqNGTJlv4tgCx1RWH7jouS3t9bxcFhfbnVVGc28cJgTYcLB3L0fToPOh0fHrEGmehXEyK8AuWQIlH3HGccV3A0VBmB1RyqGFXQIz3snQ4sUdq~aEeUYG8ZW9FhhsHzNnTEK-dUDoHdQu-5fwS0oWbdh-C2t2jP4hDAc2KCvy3MjH6-AdpMWL93Kx8S4Kck5hqXLbQArPOdwiXQjgo9QaWvlZw5qocUelVYp-rIFpQHAIUQwPx0kfAkn0dNAzNO0dx9UH~DjvoKw9Qtmp4fVdlfqAGMC2GbUOxHf2xw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"What_Is_War_Defining_War_Conflict_and_Competition","translated_slug":"","page_count":10,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"With rising great power contestation and increasing strategic risk across the globe, everything seems to be called ‘war’. Although war means more than its narrow dictionary definition, the question remains: what is war? This article defines war, conflict, and competition. Without understanding what war is, military professionals advise governments and policy makers.","owner":{"id":10244984,"first_name":"Nick","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bosio","page_name":"NickBosio","domain_name":"anu-au","created_at":"2014-03-18T19:54:46.265-07:00","display_name":"Nick Bosio","url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/NickBosio"},"attachments":[{"id":83407022,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83407022/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"220408_What_Is_War_Defining_War_Conflict_and_Competition_Australian_Army_Research_Centre_AARC_.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83407022/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"What_Is_War_Defining_War_Conflict_and_Co.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/83407022/220408_What_Is_War_Defining_War_Conflict_and_Competition_Australian_Army_Research_Centre_AARC_-libre.pdf?1649383872=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWhat_Is_War_Defining_War_Conflict_and_Co.pdf\u0026Expires=1742463325\u0026Signature=gmCn4UImYsgHNWOpE~MBgutvZBW0EMF4sUzaBhq5J8mh-03dRqNGTJlv4tgCx1RWH7jouS3t9bxcFhfbnVVGc28cJgTYcLB3L0fToPOh0fHrEGmehXEyK8AuWQIlH3HGccV3A0VBmB1RyqGFXQIz3snQ4sUdq~aEeUYG8ZW9FhhsHzNnTEK-dUDoHdQu-5fwS0oWbdh-C2t2jP4hDAc2KCvy3MjH6-AdpMWL93Kx8S4Kck5hqXLbQArPOdwiXQjgo9QaWvlZw5qocUelVYp-rIFpQHAIUQwPx0kfAkn0dNAzNO0dx9UH~DjvoKw9Qtmp4fVdlfqAGMC2GbUOxHf2xw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History"},{"id":559,"name":"Military Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Science"},{"id":579,"name":"Strategy (Military Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy_Military_Science_"},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations"},{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory"},{"id":3872,"name":"War Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Studies"},{"id":3873,"name":"Strategic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_Studies"},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science"},{"id":44426,"name":"Military Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Studies"},{"id":59858,"name":"Geopolitcs and Geostrategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitcs_and_Geostrategy"},{"id":179286,"name":"Art of War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_of_War"},{"id":180315,"name":"Professional Military Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Professional_Military_Education"},{"id":294517,"name":"Defense and Strategic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Defense_and_Strategic_Studies"},{"id":402505,"name":"Military Operational Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Operational_Art"},{"id":480747,"name":"Operational Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Operational_Art"},{"id":2029984,"name":"Military theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_theory"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="36454676"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/36454676/IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of IO Theory: Creating Resonance" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56370098/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/36454676/IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance">IO Theory: Creating Resonance</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Land Power Forum</span><span>, Apr 20, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Our current conflicts require action across all domains: the physical, information and cognitive....</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Our current conflicts require action across all domains: the physical, information and cognitive. However, one must ask if the idea of ‘messaging and narrative’ has been over emphasised to the detriment of real actions. Is Information Operations (IO) the new black?<br /><br />This online article discusses the importance of social frames and how both physical actions and information operations must interact to create a narrative overall - not just "lethal" and "non-lethal" actions. Such a narrative must align with social frames, else they will be ignored or perceived to be negative. This is relevant to not only operations, but also Building Partner Capacity and Campaign Planning.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f36a39e3924d9300b9b506854a348987" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":56370098,"asset_id":36454676,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56370098/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="36454676"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36454676"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36454676; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36454676]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36454676]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36454676; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='36454676']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f36a39e3924d9300b9b506854a348987" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=36454676]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":36454676,"title":"IO Theory: Creating Resonance","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Our current conflicts require action across all domains: the physical, information and cognitive. However, one must ask if the idea of ‘messaging and narrative’ has been over emphasised to the detriment of real actions. Is Information Operations (IO) the new black?\n\nThis online article discusses the importance of social frames and how both physical actions and information operations must interact to create a narrative overall - not just \"lethal\" and \"non-lethal\" actions. Such a narrative must align with social frames, else they will be ignored or perceived to be negative. This is relevant to not only operations, but also Building Partner Capacity and Campaign Planning.","more_info":"20 April 2014 - Republished. PDF, links updated. Figures also uploaded.","ai_title_tag":"Resonance in Information Operations and Social Narratives","publication_date":{"day":20,"month":4,"year":2018,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Land Power Forum"},"translated_abstract":"Our current conflicts require action across all domains: the physical, information and cognitive. However, one must ask if the idea of ‘messaging and narrative’ has been over emphasised to the detriment of real actions. Is Information Operations (IO) the new black?\n\nThis online article discusses the importance of social frames and how both physical actions and information operations must interact to create a narrative overall - not just \"lethal\" and \"non-lethal\" actions. Such a narrative must align with social frames, else they will be ignored or perceived to be negative. This is relevant to not only operations, but also Building Partner Capacity and Campaign Planning.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36454676/IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2018-04-20T18:08:07.878-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10244984,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56370098,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56370098/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Figure_1_-_IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56370098/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/56370098/Figure_1_-_IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance-libre.pdf?1524275780=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIO_Theory_Creating_Resonance.pdf\u0026Expires=1742463325\u0026Signature=C175re55-5v9u3sh3vxNzU1hsUXbTbHm1zhhzCKhe8qenUJy-CY-FZOQNB58sFvQCk4PmNvfOJ2-12fYqmfbS6kVeQNoDq~NZkja8VnSs5vq2yA-4GNrVJ7ccVRhknhvu9gxW~wU45jxuL9u6VzVtkqr7NhR~TVLxKVET5ajqEK5NxBvyEAMjeUkoagAxdn80j0dmziAiWlEXV8E0XSshRHGLqHzKSRfZUeICvfr65k51EsXl3jP2B1hrSebU9Tz4w6dgBvu1oFqdV-L0y4qXad0L~k9UyREehDH~MH6HjHIkwqqZByBNmgi-kV7ChyceLD41QD6N8w1XuuSJdypFQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":56369976,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56369976/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"180420_-_IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56369976/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/56369976/180420_-_IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance-libre.pdf?1524273291=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIO_Theory_Creating_Resonance.pdf\u0026Expires=1742463325\u0026Signature=CJ1vUR78nHzj5mb0C7RvwJJYUhdVMYm0lP3zmIpx1zHBbi27lqyf1u-TvOOTJUR~S0Tv93D0fLwBvKvf3nJMTlbTQuIMESN1ADSNAI~hn0Y1bWOGn8mZCyLWpPu0x2tXzrUYOKox~nt6DIFYN7t7Rorz9kqnf~yY0m4jehgdGiESDfhh-DgumP4M0VJlnmDVApta8xIxhE7MPSup9OayrLFeZw-zApJeap2jz~1hJoY3eId42mTkmDRWdY4M~694gSB5ItBqn3bCXytzipHHUKbx2LKUu~FedWBHtkxqj-~kCXILSDCGKtiiRJKe2OuC3p0zHnplB-eOLYl8-9PB9w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":56370099,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56370099/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Figure_2_-_IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56370099/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/56370099/Figure_2_-_IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance-libre.pdf?1524275780=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIO_Theory_Creating_Resonance.pdf\u0026Expires=1742463325\u0026Signature=D0H9jrOfiBSCESgYnILk1PtSUaW7ULGsfWzhUHn8hNFFj3ngIBeCx~fg1S58myItffHDPWj47TjFexPm3rWtZSJvdp~nV6kS54TlQHm4-ZuZgaO2TMwtSv9J0pYo9yKVAJoultybTwi4cZ92FLjVxTEZea9ZmDEW7t815DfChqEaZI0cGg4rXOs56ctsDsNBfVht~i13t6oT-O4aZ5DzuZhpCPQfhD1m9n0UTvZ0~V8rqL8sGiWUg08WbkG8woy~RVFMuW2rtm~smTgWlCUsIaNzaVmNYZjywBPhr1hzkPIB-sa0XOufu08PZnqsIoySFJi~hJOqKWecOAXWCCeyvw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance","translated_slug":"","page_count":4,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Our current conflicts require action across all domains: the physical, information and cognitive. However, one must ask if the idea of ‘messaging and narrative’ has been over emphasised to the detriment of real actions. Is Information Operations (IO) the new black?\n\nThis online article discusses the importance of social frames and how both physical actions and information operations must interact to create a narrative overall - not just \"lethal\" and \"non-lethal\" actions. Such a narrative must align with social frames, else they will be ignored or perceived to be negative. This is relevant to not only operations, but also Building Partner Capacity and Campaign Planning.","owner":{"id":10244984,"first_name":"Nick","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bosio","page_name":"NickBosio","domain_name":"anu-au","created_at":"2014-03-18T19:54:46.265-07:00","display_name":"Nick Bosio","url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/NickBosio"},"attachments":[{"id":56370098,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56370098/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Figure_1_-_IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56370098/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/56370098/Figure_1_-_IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance-libre.pdf?1524275780=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIO_Theory_Creating_Resonance.pdf\u0026Expires=1742463325\u0026Signature=C175re55-5v9u3sh3vxNzU1hsUXbTbHm1zhhzCKhe8qenUJy-CY-FZOQNB58sFvQCk4PmNvfOJ2-12fYqmfbS6kVeQNoDq~NZkja8VnSs5vq2yA-4GNrVJ7ccVRhknhvu9gxW~wU45jxuL9u6VzVtkqr7NhR~TVLxKVET5ajqEK5NxBvyEAMjeUkoagAxdn80j0dmziAiWlEXV8E0XSshRHGLqHzKSRfZUeICvfr65k51EsXl3jP2B1hrSebU9Tz4w6dgBvu1oFqdV-L0y4qXad0L~k9UyREehDH~MH6HjHIkwqqZByBNmgi-kV7ChyceLD41QD6N8w1XuuSJdypFQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":56369976,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56369976/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"180420_-_IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56369976/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/56369976/180420_-_IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance-libre.pdf?1524273291=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIO_Theory_Creating_Resonance.pdf\u0026Expires=1742463325\u0026Signature=CJ1vUR78nHzj5mb0C7RvwJJYUhdVMYm0lP3zmIpx1zHBbi27lqyf1u-TvOOTJUR~S0Tv93D0fLwBvKvf3nJMTlbTQuIMESN1ADSNAI~hn0Y1bWOGn8mZCyLWpPu0x2tXzrUYOKox~nt6DIFYN7t7Rorz9kqnf~yY0m4jehgdGiESDfhh-DgumP4M0VJlnmDVApta8xIxhE7MPSup9OayrLFeZw-zApJeap2jz~1hJoY3eId42mTkmDRWdY4M~694gSB5ItBqn3bCXytzipHHUKbx2LKUu~FedWBHtkxqj-~kCXILSDCGKtiiRJKe2OuC3p0zHnplB-eOLYl8-9PB9w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":56370099,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56370099/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Figure_2_-_IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56370099/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/56370099/Figure_2_-_IO_Theory_Creating_Resonance-libre.pdf?1524275780=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIO_Theory_Creating_Resonance.pdf\u0026Expires=1742463325\u0026Signature=D0H9jrOfiBSCESgYnILk1PtSUaW7ULGsfWzhUHn8hNFFj3ngIBeCx~fg1S58myItffHDPWj47TjFexPm3rWtZSJvdp~nV6kS54TlQHm4-ZuZgaO2TMwtSv9J0pYo9yKVAJoultybTwi4cZ92FLjVxTEZea9ZmDEW7t815DfChqEaZI0cGg4rXOs56ctsDsNBfVht~i13t6oT-O4aZ5DzuZhpCPQfhD1m9n0UTvZ0~V8rqL8sGiWUg08WbkG8woy~RVFMuW2rtm~smTgWlCUsIaNzaVmNYZjywBPhr1hzkPIB-sa0XOufu08PZnqsIoySFJi~hJOqKWecOAXWCCeyvw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2391,"name":"War Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Theory"},{"id":18086,"name":"Information operations (IO)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_operations_IO_"},{"id":92441,"name":"Military Education and Training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Education_and_Training"},{"id":111100,"name":"Command and Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Command_and_Control"},{"id":180315,"name":"Professional Military Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Professional_Military_Education"},{"id":283242,"name":"Military Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Planning"},{"id":480747,"name":"Operational Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Operational_Art"},{"id":665780,"name":"Strategy and Military Operations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy_and_Military_Operations"},{"id":2029984,"name":"Military theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_theory"}],"urls":[{"id":19232351,"url":"https://researchcentre.army.gov.au/library/land-power-forum/io-theory-creating-resonance"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="21499149"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/21499149/Command_for_the_Mission_Understanding_Mission_Command"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Command for the Mission: Understanding Mission Command" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56369919/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/21499149/Command_for_the_Mission_Understanding_Mission_Command">Command for the Mission: Understanding Mission Command</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Land Power Forum</span><span>, Mar 26, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Mission Command is a phrase that is often applied, but rarely understood. This blog takes a light...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Mission Command is a phrase that is often applied, but rarely understood. This blog takes a light hearted review of the context of Mission Command, and its origins as the German military philosophy of Auftragstaktik. Through this approach, the blog highlights that mission command is exactly what the phrase says - command appropriate for the mission: sometimes Directive, and other times Directed Control.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="25c006c07543bb898b462defd684d528" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":56369919,"asset_id":21499149,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56369919/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="21499149"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21499149"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21499149; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21499149]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21499149]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21499149; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='21499149']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "25c006c07543bb898b462defd684d528" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=21499149]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":21499149,"title":"Command for the Mission: Understanding Mission Command","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Mission Command is a phrase that is often applied, but rarely understood. This blog takes a light hearted review of the context of Mission Command, and its origins as the German military philosophy of Auftragstaktik. Through this approach, the blog highlights that mission command is exactly what the phrase says - command appropriate for the mission: sometimes Directive, and other times Directed Control.","location":"Canberra, ACT, Australia","more_info":"21 April 2018 - Republished March 2018. PDF and Link updated","ai_title_tag":"Understanding Mission Command Dynamics","organization":"Australian Army Research Centre","publication_date":{"day":26,"month":3,"year":2018,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Land Power Forum"},"translated_abstract":"Mission Command is a phrase that is often applied, but rarely understood. This blog takes a light hearted review of the context of Mission Command, and its origins as the German military philosophy of Auftragstaktik. Through this approach, the blog highlights that mission command is exactly what the phrase says - command appropriate for the mission: sometimes Directive, and other times Directed Control.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21499149/Command_for_the_Mission_Understanding_Mission_Command","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2016-02-03T02:24:00.409-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10244984,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56369919,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56369919/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"180418_-_Command_for_the_Mission_Understanding.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56369919/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Command_for_the_Mission_Understanding_Mi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/56369919/180418_-_Command_for_the_Mission_Understanding-libre.pdf?1524272174=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCommand_for_the_Mission_Understanding_Mi.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446500\u0026Signature=b4DixGdjSBHKgq9TPHr1SnHDrpnbQL99AqwolQeoey2PSMroeJsFL9knN~4uxo3oYLu8D5yzOFOTd5KcoCs-3mgjdPzriXJ4JegeRFCo7957ri7iErqZAiPNRuR6NW3ECQq~CVo0x~Ljlvgd0WR8TCAQbVm1uwzF9r3Qu7kz-Chp34iKof6V~UNHxqv2Ti8DnNyQbR58Ex4PPlEeSfdRropn0q8t83m3vndzqa1J~2lAyS2fr2Si0Z2qZP6vM~4Id4aFO4SsXP0ZYrf0jluwe7H6ljEAhq35ljrvafomPFw-2rdkMw-hYrnU0Ab6BvWmOFePEststh0FdoRVg1oLfA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Command_for_the_Mission_Understanding_Mission_Command","translated_slug":"","page_count":4,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Mission Command is a phrase that is often applied, but rarely understood. This blog takes a light hearted review of the context of Mission Command, and its origins as the German military philosophy of Auftragstaktik. Through this approach, the blog highlights that mission command is exactly what the phrase says - command appropriate for the mission: sometimes Directive, and other times Directed Control.","owner":{"id":10244984,"first_name":"Nick","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bosio","page_name":"NickBosio","domain_name":"anu-au","created_at":"2014-03-18T19:54:46.265-07:00","display_name":"Nick Bosio","url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/NickBosio"},"attachments":[{"id":56369919,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56369919/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"180418_-_Command_for_the_Mission_Understanding.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56369919/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Command_for_the_Mission_Understanding_Mi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/56369919/180418_-_Command_for_the_Mission_Understanding-libre.pdf?1524272174=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCommand_for_the_Mission_Understanding_Mi.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446500\u0026Signature=b4DixGdjSBHKgq9TPHr1SnHDrpnbQL99AqwolQeoey2PSMroeJsFL9knN~4uxo3oYLu8D5yzOFOTd5KcoCs-3mgjdPzriXJ4JegeRFCo7957ri7iErqZAiPNRuR6NW3ECQq~CVo0x~Ljlvgd0WR8TCAQbVm1uwzF9r3Qu7kz-Chp34iKof6V~UNHxqv2Ti8DnNyQbR58Ex4PPlEeSfdRropn0q8t83m3vndzqa1J~2lAyS2fr2Si0Z2qZP6vM~4Id4aFO4SsXP0ZYrf0jluwe7H6ljEAhq35ljrvafomPFw-2rdkMw-hYrnU0Ab6BvWmOFePEststh0FdoRVg1oLfA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History"},{"id":39946,"name":"Military","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military"},{"id":92441,"name":"Military Education and Training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Education_and_Training"},{"id":98278,"name":"Military Leadership","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Leadership"},{"id":111100,"name":"Command and Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Command_and_Control"},{"id":180315,"name":"Professional Military Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Professional_Military_Education"},{"id":790284,"name":"Military Professionalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Professionalism"}],"urls":[{"id":19232365,"url":"https://researchcentre.army.gov.au/library/land-power-forum/command-mission-understanding-mission-command"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="75764126"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75764126/Clausewitz_and_the_CoG_Marriage_Stability_for_Over_180_Years"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Clausewitz and the CoG: Marriage Stability for Over 180 Years" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83405422/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75764126/Clausewitz_and_the_CoG_Marriage_Stability_for_Over_180_Years">Clausewitz and the CoG: Marriage Stability for Over 180 Years</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Land Power Forum</span><span>, Feb 25, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">If there is one thing on tactics courses, staff colleges and real time operations that creates ar...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">If there is one thing on tactics courses, staff colleges and real time operations that creates arguments and leads to the fracture of plans staff quicker than a lack of coffee, it is the dreaded Centre of Gravity Analysis. This article argues that Centre of Gravity analysis should be simplier, linked to endstates and objectives. Such linking not only better represents Clausewitz theory, it provides a useful outcome for military planning.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="90116112ce8cc3e5b2bab933fa39600f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":83405422,"asset_id":75764126,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83405422/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75764126"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75764126"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75764126; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75764126]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75764126]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75764126; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='75764126']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "90116112ce8cc3e5b2bab933fa39600f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75764126]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75764126,"title":"Clausewitz and the CoG: Marriage Stability for Over 180 Years","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"If there is one thing on tactics courses, staff colleges and real time operations that creates arguments and leads to the fracture of plans staff quicker than a lack of coffee, it is the dreaded Centre of Gravity Analysis. This article argues that Centre of Gravity analysis should be simplier, linked to endstates and objectives. Such linking not only better represents Clausewitz theory, it provides a useful outcome for military planning.","location":"Canberra, ACT, Australia","organization":"Australian Army Research Centre","publication_date":{"day":25,"month":2,"year":2016,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Land Power Forum"},"translated_abstract":"If there is one thing on tactics courses, staff colleges and real time operations that creates arguments and leads to the fracture of plans staff quicker than a lack of coffee, it is the dreaded Centre of Gravity Analysis. This article argues that Centre of Gravity analysis should be simplier, linked to endstates and objectives. Such linking not only better represents Clausewitz theory, it provides a useful outcome for military planning.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75764126/Clausewitz_and_the_CoG_Marriage_Stability_for_Over_180_Years","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-04-07T17:33:19.413-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10244984,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83405422,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83405422/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"220408_Clausewitz_and_the_CoG_Marriage_Stability_for_Over_180_Years_Australian_Army_Research_Centre_AARC_.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83405422/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Clausewitz_and_the_CoG_Marriage_Stabilit.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/83405422/220408_Clausewitz_and_the_CoG_Marriage_Stability_for_Over_180_Years_Australian_Army_Research_Centre_AARC_-libre.pdf?1649378858=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DClausewitz_and_the_CoG_Marriage_Stabilit.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446500\u0026Signature=RNW0rl88qAyHc4bGiLUkSvHKB~GPOF7Ti~bY1Wkjppj6zDnJayeNZ~iZNKrTL7DimooD3OR2RJWfTM0qx44LK7zb0sJm1Tb45YfoJdU~nvES2mxgtXpbIhrZ7lWs9wuCstfrf2~7NvlGnP8YHZZ5f3741H8ii~HVfoIngO9jkO~4j1lbp0R5y1aPJiBJxtzh6yOtObLwPD~oWRzz3FiIPRBAXQdlSfGPG6bK~8lR4CaxveqcChuxaK4IMkEvfWly8Kz04xTQc8bfoWoWLX52QgRz6AS4SLWDZqGSEXxouqw88GAmsXodvbLpOEfiCaK6LvfDbncJyq3d-pl5bjWb1g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Clausewitz_and_the_CoG_Marriage_Stability_for_Over_180_Years","translated_slug":"","page_count":8,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"If there is one thing on tactics courses, staff colleges and real time operations that creates arguments and leads to the fracture of plans staff quicker than a lack of coffee, it is the dreaded Centre of Gravity Analysis. This article argues that Centre of Gravity analysis should be simplier, linked to endstates and objectives. Such linking not only better represents Clausewitz theory, it provides a useful outcome for military planning.","owner":{"id":10244984,"first_name":"Nick","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bosio","page_name":"NickBosio","domain_name":"anu-au","created_at":"2014-03-18T19:54:46.265-07:00","display_name":"Nick Bosio","url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/NickBosio"},"attachments":[{"id":83405422,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83405422/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"220408_Clausewitz_and_the_CoG_Marriage_Stability_for_Over_180_Years_Australian_Army_Research_Centre_AARC_.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83405422/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Clausewitz_and_the_CoG_Marriage_Stabilit.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/83405422/220408_Clausewitz_and_the_CoG_Marriage_Stability_for_Over_180_Years_Australian_Army_Research_Centre_AARC_-libre.pdf?1649378858=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DClausewitz_and_the_CoG_Marriage_Stabilit.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446500\u0026Signature=RNW0rl88qAyHc4bGiLUkSvHKB~GPOF7Ti~bY1Wkjppj6zDnJayeNZ~iZNKrTL7DimooD3OR2RJWfTM0qx44LK7zb0sJm1Tb45YfoJdU~nvES2mxgtXpbIhrZ7lWs9wuCstfrf2~7NvlGnP8YHZZ5f3741H8ii~HVfoIngO9jkO~4j1lbp0R5y1aPJiBJxtzh6yOtObLwPD~oWRzz3FiIPRBAXQdlSfGPG6bK~8lR4CaxveqcChuxaK4IMkEvfWly8Kz04xTQc8bfoWoWLX52QgRz6AS4SLWDZqGSEXxouqw88GAmsXodvbLpOEfiCaK6LvfDbncJyq3d-pl5bjWb1g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History"},{"id":559,"name":"Military Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Science"},{"id":579,"name":"Strategy (Military Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy_Military_Science_"},{"id":2391,"name":"War Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Theory"},{"id":100218,"name":"Clausewitz","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clausewitz"},{"id":283242,"name":"Military Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Planning"},{"id":402505,"name":"Military Operational Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Operational_Art"},{"id":480747,"name":"Operational Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Operational_Art"},{"id":2029984,"name":"Military theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_theory"},{"id":2762111,"name":"Centre of Gravity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Centre_of_Gravity"},{"id":3094996,"name":"Military and strategic studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_and_strategic_studies"}],"urls":[{"id":19232530,"url":"https://researchcentre.army.gov.au/library/land-power-forum/clausewitz-and-cog-marriage-stability-over-180-years"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="19549482"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/19549482/Providing_the_golden_thread_Strategic_deterrence_as_the_new_strategic_concept"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Providing the golden thread: Strategic deterrence as the new strategic concept" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56369937/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/19549482/Providing_the_golden_thread_Strategic_deterrence_as_the_new_strategic_concept">Providing the golden thread: Strategic deterrence as the new strategic concept</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Land Power Forum</span><span>, Nov 27, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Australian Army's Archipelagic Manoeuvre represents the operational "way" that strategic ends...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Australian Army's Archipelagic Manoeuvre represents the operational "way" that strategic ends can be achieved. This short blog suggests that Strategic Deterrence is a relevant strategic concept that links Defence Policy to Operational Concepts. Strategic Deterrence is an extension of Deterrence Theory, consisting of both active influence through posture and diplomacy, and passive operational deterrence through traditional capability and capacity. Strategic Deterrence provides the opportunity to link Australia's military power within the context of national power. <br /> <br />Co-Authored with Mark Ascough</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="723ce0570f2647b77bef5686da2479fe" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":56369937,"asset_id":19549482,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56369937/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="19549482"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19549482"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19549482; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19549482]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19549482]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19549482; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='19549482']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "723ce0570f2647b77bef5686da2479fe" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=19549482]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":19549482,"title":"Providing the golden thread: Strategic deterrence as the new strategic concept","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The Australian Army's Archipelagic Manoeuvre represents the operational \"way\" that strategic ends can be achieved. This short blog suggests that Strategic Deterrence is a relevant strategic concept that links Defence Policy to Operational Concepts. Strategic Deterrence is an extension of Deterrence Theory, consisting of both active influence through posture and diplomacy, and passive operational deterrence through traditional capability and capacity. Strategic Deterrence provides the opportunity to link Australia's military power within the context of national power.\r\n\r\nCo-Authored with Mark Ascough","location":"Canberra, ACT, Australia","more_info":"Link and PDF Updated 21 April 2018","organization":"Australian Army Research Centre","publication_date":{"day":27,"month":11,"year":2015,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Land Power Forum"},"translated_abstract":"The Australian Army's Archipelagic Manoeuvre represents the operational \"way\" that strategic ends can be achieved. This short blog suggests that Strategic Deterrence is a relevant strategic concept that links Defence Policy to Operational Concepts. Strategic Deterrence is an extension of Deterrence Theory, consisting of both active influence through posture and diplomacy, and passive operational deterrence through traditional capability and capacity. Strategic Deterrence provides the opportunity to link Australia's military power within the context of national power.\r\n\r\nCo-Authored with Mark Ascough","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/19549482/Providing_the_golden_thread_Strategic_deterrence_as_the_new_strategic_concept","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-12-07T23:48:58.165-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10244984,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56369937,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56369937/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"180418_-_Providing_the_golden_thread_Strategic.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56369937/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Providing_the_golden_thread_Strategic_de.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/56369937/180418_-_Providing_the_golden_thread_Strategic-libre.pdf?1524272269=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DProviding_the_golden_thread_Strategic_de.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446500\u0026Signature=euKW3cbRFvx173u20ebbzyG3XO47hL6ofVEl62RLa51ng71odV6Bpwonj8Og1qGUTSrc4YmXyRpqKAjrW5Ux4d1fhqrILGXKj9NIHvu2fVTRSzq2wBXObWGuDwLG7qLXqx~z4n7krfSiKaqCh8EWMLCfHY9a6wJcm5SjUfx9Wl-MozjzYXbGvnhjeTnTEFi3mqN78SfB4K6QFe3z58TImrjNO3qX3NU6t9ljJf5lZZe5SLfhIo3~CO-HUdmxigq9M-EY1RSGdXemps7u-WHCVNA7IthyyU58PW5XWR2i7tjxxNBKS0Y-1qClXiCmdlLVrGHLCRM3sHUqwL2qywXyQA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Providing_the_golden_thread_Strategic_deterrence_as_the_new_strategic_concept","translated_slug":"","page_count":4,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The Australian Army's Archipelagic Manoeuvre represents the operational \"way\" that strategic ends can be achieved. This short blog suggests that Strategic Deterrence is a relevant strategic concept that links Defence Policy to Operational Concepts. Strategic Deterrence is an extension of Deterrence Theory, consisting of both active influence through posture and diplomacy, and passive operational deterrence through traditional capability and capacity. Strategic Deterrence provides the opportunity to link Australia's military power within the context of national power.\r\n\r\nCo-Authored with Mark Ascough","owner":{"id":10244984,"first_name":"Nick","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bosio","page_name":"NickBosio","domain_name":"anu-au","created_at":"2014-03-18T19:54:46.265-07:00","display_name":"Nick Bosio","url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/NickBosio"},"attachments":[{"id":56369937,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56369937/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"180418_-_Providing_the_golden_thread_Strategic.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56369937/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Providing_the_golden_thread_Strategic_de.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/56369937/180418_-_Providing_the_golden_thread_Strategic-libre.pdf?1524272269=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DProviding_the_golden_thread_Strategic_de.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446500\u0026Signature=euKW3cbRFvx173u20ebbzyG3XO47hL6ofVEl62RLa51ng71odV6Bpwonj8Og1qGUTSrc4YmXyRpqKAjrW5Ux4d1fhqrILGXKj9NIHvu2fVTRSzq2wBXObWGuDwLG7qLXqx~z4n7krfSiKaqCh8EWMLCfHY9a6wJcm5SjUfx9Wl-MozjzYXbGvnhjeTnTEFi3mqN78SfB4K6QFe3z58TImrjNO3qX3NU6t9ljJf5lZZe5SLfhIo3~CO-HUdmxigq9M-EY1RSGdXemps7u-WHCVNA7IthyyU58PW5XWR2i7tjxxNBKS0Y-1qClXiCmdlLVrGHLCRM3sHUqwL2qywXyQA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":579,"name":"Strategy (Military Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy_Military_Science_"},{"id":39946,"name":"Military","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military"},{"id":46271,"name":"Strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy"},{"id":512183,"name":"Deterrence Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deterrence_Theory"},{"id":529323,"name":"Australian Strategic Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australian_Strategic_Policy"}],"urls":[{"id":19232391,"url":"https://researchcentre.army.gov.au/library/land-power-forum/providing-golden-thread-strategic-deterrence-new-strategic-concept"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="19549168"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/19549168/Want_the_edge_More_ME_in_PME"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Want the edge? More 'ME' in 'PME'" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41885993/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/19549168/Want_the_edge_More_ME_in_PME">Want the edge? More 'ME' in 'PME'</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Land Power Forum</span><span>, Feb 27, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Originally on the Australian Army's Land Power Forum. No longer available. The Australian Army...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Originally on the Australian Army's Land Power Forum. No longer available. <br /> <br />The Australian Army seeks the cognitive edge. Because of its size, and a shrinking technological gap, there is a requirement for an intellectual pivot to hold an edge over future threat groups. However, defining and achieving a cognitive edge remains elusive. This blog provides a short definition and suggests that increasing military education will enhance the cognitive edge.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4fb5912bf57a2b03cfcbedc006ea1fdb" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":41885993,"asset_id":19549168,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41885993/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="19549168"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19549168"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19549168; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19549168]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19549168]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19549168; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='19549168']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4fb5912bf57a2b03cfcbedc006ea1fdb" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=19549168]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":19549168,"title":"Want the edge? More 'ME' in 'PME'","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Originally on the Australian Army's Land Power Forum. No longer available.\r\n\r\nThe Australian Army seeks the cognitive edge. Because of its size, and a shrinking technological gap, there is a requirement for an intellectual pivot to hold an edge over future threat groups. However, defining and achieving a cognitive edge remains elusive. This blog provides a short definition and suggests that increasing military education will enhance the cognitive edge.","location":"Canberra, ACT, Australia","organization":"Directorate of Future Land Warfare","publication_date":{"day":27,"month":2,"year":2015,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Land Power Forum"},"translated_abstract":"Originally on the Australian Army's Land Power Forum. No longer available.\r\n\r\nThe Australian Army seeks the cognitive edge. Because of its size, and a shrinking technological gap, there is a requirement for an intellectual pivot to hold an edge over future threat groups. However, defining and achieving a cognitive edge remains elusive. This blog provides a short definition and suggests that increasing military education will enhance the cognitive edge.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/19549168/Want_the_edge_More_ME_in_PME","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-12-07T23:39:23.295-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10244984,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41885993,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41885993/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"What_the_Edge_-_More_ME_in_PME_27_Feb_15.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41885993/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Want_the_edge_More_ME_in_PME.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/41885993/What_the_Edge_-_More_ME_in_PME_27_Feb_15-libre.pdf?1454418640=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWant_the_edge_More_ME_in_PME.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446500\u0026Signature=a4iYt5zuP9Dx1ZN~0u0MlI5Mki-WuV-DdvkWhJlb27qZmYgACX0~ag8CUW-mw4QcFhofWRx35oKe9BaQxSr7JIAwVNovS22dcLJs3na1R9frwVDArw75AijprchCiYGZ-W4u98X4rg74MSI5vpzeVSCFtkBXmMTjOWehiSeUV71z1ghiaKtcuAgJBU-EkOIKFCL6g5W9WbrkhzNhI~CErvVZutujuJrQGE6yt1ggc5A2hEOh97VTajO~RVmJs4t1iqqqAES0crW-TSz4Of-JgduP7tMfrucZLXJYz5D7L4KahaZVm7v230hi3cLT-FDf2IvV8uaZnDm944iafmuS~A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Want_the_edge_More_ME_in_PME","translated_slug":"","page_count":2,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Originally on the Australian Army's Land Power Forum. No longer available.\r\n\r\nThe Australian Army seeks the cognitive edge. Because of its size, and a shrinking technological gap, there is a requirement for an intellectual pivot to hold an edge over future threat groups. However, defining and achieving a cognitive edge remains elusive. This blog provides a short definition and suggests that increasing military education will enhance the cognitive edge.","owner":{"id":10244984,"first_name":"Nick","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bosio","page_name":"NickBosio","domain_name":"anu-au","created_at":"2014-03-18T19:54:46.265-07:00","display_name":"Nick Bosio","url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/NickBosio"},"attachments":[{"id":41885993,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41885993/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"What_the_Edge_-_More_ME_in_PME_27_Feb_15.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41885993/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Want_the_edge_More_ME_in_PME.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/41885993/What_the_Edge_-_More_ME_in_PME_27_Feb_15-libre.pdf?1454418640=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWant_the_edge_More_ME_in_PME.pdf\u0026Expires=1742446500\u0026Signature=a4iYt5zuP9Dx1ZN~0u0MlI5Mki-WuV-DdvkWhJlb27qZmYgACX0~ag8CUW-mw4QcFhofWRx35oKe9BaQxSr7JIAwVNovS22dcLJs3na1R9frwVDArw75AijprchCiYGZ-W4u98X4rg74MSI5vpzeVSCFtkBXmMTjOWehiSeUV71z1ghiaKtcuAgJBU-EkOIKFCL6g5W9WbrkhzNhI~CErvVZutujuJrQGE6yt1ggc5A2hEOh97VTajO~RVmJs4t1iqqqAES0crW-TSz4Of-JgduP7tMfrucZLXJYz5D7L4KahaZVm7v230hi3cLT-FDf2IvV8uaZnDm944iafmuS~A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History"},{"id":39946,"name":"Military","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military"},{"id":46271,"name":"Strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy"},{"id":92441,"name":"Military Education and Training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Education_and_Training"},{"id":180315,"name":"Professional Military Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Professional_Military_Education"}],"urls":[{"id":6114355,"url":"http://www.army.gov.au/Our-future/Blog/Articles/2015/02/Want-the-edge-more-me-in-pme"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="14531328" id="thesisproposaldocumentsseefinalthesis"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="9845216"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/9845216/On_Wars_Theory_Systems_and_Military_Theory_Congruence_Throughout_History"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of On War's Theory - Systems and Military Theory: Congruence Throughout History" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83407941/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/9845216/On_Wars_Theory_Systems_and_Military_Theory_Congruence_Throughout_History">On War's Theory - Systems and Military Theory: Congruence Throughout History</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Thesis Proposal Review (PhD Milestone)</span><span>, Oct 26, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">REPLACED BY FINAL THESIS: https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/260048 T...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">REPLACED BY FINAL THESIS: <a href="https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/260048" rel="nofollow">https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/260048</a>    <br /> <br />Thesis Proposal Review <br /> <br />Modern military concepts often use systems theory either as an explicit foundation – as seen in Systemic Operational Design, Network Centric Warfare and Effects Based Operations; or as implied knowledge – as observed in Warden’s Five Rings, Three-Block War, and the Strategic Corporal Effect. This suggests there is an unspoken, and untested, assumption: systems theory has congruence with military theory. In other words, the use of systems in contemporary military concepts assumes there is some overarching theory that connects military and systems ideas into one whole. Such a theory, which is a theory of theory, is known as a meta-theory. However, recent experiences would appear to suggest that systems theories do not form valid operational or strategic theories, the concepts remain within military thought. This paper is the Thesis Proposal document for a Doctorate that seeks to identify if congruence exists between systems and military theory and therefore confirm if a meta-theory exists and what this means for future military theory, training, education and planning. For if the congruence is limited, then the current use of systems thinking paradigms may be very dangerous for future war efforts.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="190724053e63544dda40954003008263" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":83407941,"asset_id":9845216,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83407941/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="9845216"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9845216"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9845216; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9845216]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9845216]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9845216; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='9845216']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "190724053e63544dda40954003008263" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=9845216]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":9845216,"title":"On War's Theory - Systems and Military Theory: Congruence Throughout History","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"REPLACED BY FINAL THESIS: https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/260048 \r\n\r\nThesis Proposal Review\r\n\r\nModern military concepts often use systems theory either as an explicit foundation – as seen in Systemic Operational Design, Network Centric Warfare and Effects Based Operations; or as implied knowledge – as observed in Warden’s Five Rings, Three-Block War, and the Strategic Corporal Effect. This suggests there is an unspoken, and untested, assumption: systems theory has congruence with military theory. In other words, the use of systems in contemporary military concepts assumes there is some overarching theory that connects military and systems ideas into one whole. Such a theory, which is a theory of theory, is known as a meta-theory. However, recent experiences would appear to suggest that systems theories do not form valid operational or strategic theories, the concepts remain within military thought. This paper is the Thesis Proposal document for a Doctorate that seeks to identify if congruence exists between systems and military theory and therefore confirm if a meta-theory exists and what this means for future military theory, training, education and planning. For if the congruence is limited, then the current use of systems thinking paradigms may be very dangerous for future war efforts.","location":"Canberra, ACT, Australia","more_info":"Thesis Proposal Review Statement","ai_title_tag":"Congruence of Systems and Military Theory","organization":"Australian National University (Strategic and Defence Studies Centre)","publication_date":{"day":26,"month":10,"year":2016,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Thesis Proposal Review (PhD Milestone)"},"translated_abstract":"REPLACED BY FINAL THESIS: https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/260048 \r\n\r\nThesis Proposal Review\r\n\r\nModern military concepts often use systems theory either as an explicit foundation – as seen in Systemic Operational Design, Network Centric Warfare and Effects Based Operations; or as implied knowledge – as observed in Warden’s Five Rings, Three-Block War, and the Strategic Corporal Effect. This suggests there is an unspoken, and untested, assumption: systems theory has congruence with military theory. In other words, the use of systems in contemporary military concepts assumes there is some overarching theory that connects military and systems ideas into one whole. Such a theory, which is a theory of theory, is known as a meta-theory. However, recent experiences would appear to suggest that systems theories do not form valid operational or strategic theories, the concepts remain within military thought. This paper is the Thesis Proposal document for a Doctorate that seeks to identify if congruence exists between systems and military theory and therefore confirm if a meta-theory exists and what this means for future military theory, training, education and planning. For if the congruence is limited, then the current use of systems thinking paradigms may be very dangerous for future war efforts.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9845216/On_Wars_Theory_Systems_and_Military_Theory_Congruence_Throughout_History","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-12-20T04:07:09.606-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10244984,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83407941,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83407941/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"On_Wars_Theory_Systems_Thinking_and_Military_Theory_PhD_Proposal_for_u5339508_Bosio_v8.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83407941/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"On_Wars_Theory_Systems_and_Military_Theo.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/83407941/On_Wars_Theory_Systems_Thinking_and_Military_Theory_PhD_Proposal_for_u5339508_Bosio_v8-libre.pdf?1649383816=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOn_Wars_Theory_Systems_and_Military_Theo.pdf\u0026Expires=1742463325\u0026Signature=GPlB2IzDS~vV0LxKk1hV1tIlJ~m8fRzENWRi8yF4sQBFUU2TsVhbzcDeNvsX18SwvvmU3QgR8mo~KCQBqpGcLt2REddlZXgao2LTDI9IiBlq2Y~Uxp3H4TVRav4WPfOmLpT9KigUtJSM7XIw5S6DAAA8D5Jsa0x~X~cRlw5mK~xF433Cf2zUAI83Whpc-DFCCRk4B5yGrrLAXUVwlZI2JEmSo1JUkrXoNdmg5Mb54HeB~3OipfBc2dCdCj8deZ4MRWnSz6URh~LZr440otv0EG7JWFh9iT5joelTwYzsJe5dZuytE02N~PrksQ0jxsCauQfEzPlvP4YGzwRKpy55yQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"On_Wars_Theory_Systems_and_Military_Theory_Congruence_Throughout_History","translated_slug":"","page_count":57,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"REPLACED BY FINAL THESIS: https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/260048 \r\n\r\nThesis Proposal Review\r\n\r\nModern military concepts often use systems theory either as an explicit foundation – as seen in Systemic Operational Design, Network Centric Warfare and Effects Based Operations; or as implied knowledge – as observed in Warden’s Five Rings, Three-Block War, and the Strategic Corporal Effect. This suggests there is an unspoken, and untested, assumption: systems theory has congruence with military theory. In other words, the use of systems in contemporary military concepts assumes there is some overarching theory that connects military and systems ideas into one whole. Such a theory, which is a theory of theory, is known as a meta-theory. However, recent experiences would appear to suggest that systems theories do not form valid operational or strategic theories, the concepts remain within military thought. This paper is the Thesis Proposal document for a Doctorate that seeks to identify if congruence exists between systems and military theory and therefore confirm if a meta-theory exists and what this means for future military theory, training, education and planning. For if the congruence is limited, then the current use of systems thinking paradigms may be very dangerous for future war efforts.","owner":{"id":10244984,"first_name":"Nick","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bosio","page_name":"NickBosio","domain_name":"anu-au","created_at":"2014-03-18T19:54:46.265-07:00","display_name":"Nick Bosio","url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/NickBosio"},"attachments":[{"id":83407941,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83407941/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"On_Wars_Theory_Systems_Thinking_and_Military_Theory_PhD_Proposal_for_u5339508_Bosio_v8.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83407941/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"On_Wars_Theory_Systems_and_Military_Theo.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/83407941/On_Wars_Theory_Systems_Thinking_and_Military_Theory_PhD_Proposal_for_u5339508_Bosio_v8-libre.pdf?1649383816=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOn_Wars_Theory_Systems_and_Military_Theo.pdf\u0026Expires=1742463325\u0026Signature=GPlB2IzDS~vV0LxKk1hV1tIlJ~m8fRzENWRi8yF4sQBFUU2TsVhbzcDeNvsX18SwvvmU3QgR8mo~KCQBqpGcLt2REddlZXgao2LTDI9IiBlq2Y~Uxp3H4TVRav4WPfOmLpT9KigUtJSM7XIw5S6DAAA8D5Jsa0x~X~cRlw5mK~xF433Cf2zUAI83Whpc-DFCCRk4B5yGrrLAXUVwlZI2JEmSo1JUkrXoNdmg5Mb54HeB~3OipfBc2dCdCj8deZ4MRWnSz6URh~LZr440otv0EG7JWFh9iT5joelTwYzsJe5dZuytE02N~PrksQ0jxsCauQfEzPlvP4YGzwRKpy55yQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":559,"name":"Military Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Science"},{"id":561,"name":"Doctrine (Military Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Doctrine_Military_Science_"},{"id":579,"name":"Strategy (Military Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy_Military_Science_"},{"id":3873,"name":"Strategic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_Studies"},{"id":4728,"name":"Systems Thinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systems_Thinking"},{"id":7300,"name":"Systems Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systems_Theory"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/google_contacts-0dfb882d836b94dbcb4a2d123d6933fc9533eda5be911641f20b4eb428429600.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $('.js-google-connect-button').click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); GoogleContacts.authorize_and_show_contacts(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("WowProfileImportContactsPrompt"); }); $('.js-update-biography-button').click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("UpdateUserBiographyPrompt"); $.ajax({ url: $r.api_v0_profiles_update_about_path({ subdomain_param: 'api', about: "", }), type: 'PUT', success: function(response) { location.reload(); } }); }); $('.js-work-creator-button').click(function (e) { e.preventDefault(); window.location = $r.upload_funnel_document_path({ source: encodeURIComponent(""), }); }); $('.js-video-upload-button').click(function (e) { e.preventDefault(); window.location = $r.upload_funnel_video_path({ source: encodeURIComponent(""), }); }); $('.js-do-this-later-button').click(function() { $(this).closest('.js-profile-nag-panel').remove(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("WowProfileImportContactsPrompt"); }); $('.js-update-biography-do-this-later-button').click(function(){ $(this).closest('.js-profile-nag-panel').remove(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("UpdateUserBiographyPrompt"); }); $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--close').click(function(){ $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--panel').hide(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("WowProfileMentionsUpsell"); }); $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--button').click(function(){ Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("WowProfileMentionsUpsell"); }); new WowProfile.SocialRedesignUserWorks({ initialWorksOffset: 20, allWorksOffset: 20, maxSections: 3 }) }); </script> </div></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile_edit-5ea339ee107c863779f560dd7275595239fed73f1a13d279d2b599a28c0ecd33.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/add_coauthor-22174b608f9cb871d03443cafa7feac496fb50d7df2d66a53f5ee3c04ba67f53.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/tab-dcac0130902f0cc2d8cb403714dd47454f11fc6fb0e99ae6a0827b06613abc20.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb window.ae = window.ae || {}; window.ae.WowProfile = window.ae.WowProfile || {}; if(Aedu.User.current && Aedu.User.current.id === $viewedUser.id) { window.ae.WowProfile.current_user_edit = {}; new WowProfileEdit.EditUploadView({ el: '.js-edit-upload-button-wrapper', model: window.$current_user, }); new AddCoauthor.AddCoauthorsController(); } var userInfoView = new WowProfile.SocialRedesignUserInfo({ recaptcha_key: "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB" }); WowProfile.router = new WowProfile.Router({ userInfoView: userInfoView }); Backbone.history.start({ pushState: true, root: "/" + $viewedUser.page_name }); new WowProfile.UserWorksNav() }); </script> </div> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; } .sign-in-with-apple-button > div { margin: 0 auto; / This centers the Apple-rendered button horizontally }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "488a7ed6ebac659387d1a8cb834e2ac76e438c82000d2573902c4f391d83e413", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="m5chEmZhMyOD4OdQIQnzD82-lC06EhDnudAKSMSCMCu5wkXgcEzt0pIR8QUT9ma1Dj-AgSnBsTTheir7oMV_AA" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://anu-au.academia.edu/NickBosio" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="q1SA_dz7xSRnDjT5UUKdF3PbhUWDuFJJkshOy5HaNAWJAeQPytYb1Xb_IqxjvQitsFqR6ZBr85rKYm549Z17Lg" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><script src="https://recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> <script> var invisibleRecaptchaSubmit = function () { var closestForm = function (ele) { var curEle = ele.parentNode; while (curEle.nodeName !== 'FORM' && curEle.nodeName !== 'BODY'){ curEle = curEle.parentNode; } return curEle.nodeName === 'FORM' ? curEle : null }; var eles = document.getElementsByClassName('g-recaptcha'); if (eles.length > 0) { var form = closestForm(eles[0]); if (form) { form.submit(); } } }; </script> <input type="submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" data-callback="invisibleRecaptchaSubmit" class="g-recaptcha btn btn-primary btn-block" value="Email me a link" value=""/> </form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div class="bootstrap" id="footer"><div class="footer-content clearfix text-center padding-top-7x" style="width:100%;"><ul class="footer-links-secondary footer-links-wide list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals">Academia.edu Journals</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer-links-tertiary list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li class="small">Find new research papers in:</li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="DesignSystem" id="credit" style="width:100%;"><ul class="u-pl0x footer-links-legal list-inline"><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2025</li></ul></div><script> //<![CDATA[ window.detect_gmtoffset = true; window.Academia && window.Academia.set_gmtoffset && Academia.set_gmtoffset('/gmtoffset'); //]]> </script> <div id='overlay_background'></div> <div id='bootstrap-modal-container' class='bootstrap'></div> <div id='ds-modal-container' class='bootstrap DesignSystem'></div> <div id='full-screen-modal'></div> </div> </body> </html>