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This blog takes a light hearted review of the context of Mission Command, and its origins as the German military philosophy of Auftragstaktik. 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window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":21499149,"created_at":"2016-02-03T02:24:00.409-08:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2025-02-01T04:17:41.966-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"Mission Command is a phrase that is often applied, but rarely understood. This blog takes a light hearted review of the context of Mission Command, and its origins as the German military philosophy of Auftragstaktik. Through this approach, the blog highlights that mission command is exactly what the phrase says - command appropriate for the mission: sometimes Directive, and other times Directed Control.","location":"Canberra, ACT, Australia","more_info":"21 April 2018 - Republished March 2018. PDF and Link updated","ai_title_tag":"Understanding Mission Command Dynamics","organization":"Australian Army Research Centre","publication_date":"2018,3,26","publication_name":"Land Power Forum"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"spam","language":"en","title":"Command for the Mission: Understanding Mission Command","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true,"seo_quality":null}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [10244984]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "daring_sidebar"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.showExperimentalOverhaulLoginForm = false window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="safe-loswp--grid-container"><div class="safe-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="safe-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":56369919,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Command for the Mission: Understanding Mission Command”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/56369919/mini_magick20190112-11011-mwssnz.png?1547311073" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="safe-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-lg">Command for the Mission: Understanding Mission Command</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10244984" href="https://anu-au.academia.edu/NickBosio"><img alt="Profile image of Nick Bosio" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/10244984/3139573/66704692/s65_nick.bosio.jpg" />Nick Bosio</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2018, Land Power Forum</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><div class="primary-buttons"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":56369919,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/21499149/Command_for_the_Mission_Understanding_Mission_Command"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span>See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":56369919,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/21499149/Command_for_the_Mission_Understanding_Mission_Command"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://www.academia.edu/21499149/Command_for_the_Mission_Understanding_Mission_Command","location":"/21499149/Command_for_the_Mission_Understanding_Mission_Command","scheme":"https","host":"www.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/21499149/Command_for_the_Mission_Understanding_Mission_Command","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="CitationButton" data-props="{"entity_id":21499149,"citations":[{"name":"MLA","citation":"Bosio, Nick. “Command for the Mission: Understanding Mission Command.” Land Power Forum, 2018."},{"name":"APA","citation":"Bosio, N. 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This blog takes a light hearted review of the context of Mission Command, and its origins as the German military philosophy of Auftragstaktik. Through this approach, the blog highlights that mission command is exactly what the phrase says - command appropriate for the mission: sometimes Directive, and other times Directed Control.</p><div class="toggle-truncation-button js-toggle-truncation-button--abstract"><button class="safe-abstract--toggle-truncation-button"><span>... </span><span class="safe-abstract--toggle-truncation-button-text">Read more</span></button></div></div></div></div><div class="safe-right-rail--container"><div class="safe-right-rail--related-works"><h2 class="safe-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="safe-related-content--container"><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card js-safe-related-work-related-work " data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="22420940" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22420940/Art_of_War_Papers_Initiative_Within_the_Philosophy_of_Auftragstaktik_Determining_Factors_of_the_Understanding_of_Initiative_in_the_German_Army_1806_1955">Art of War Papers Initiative Within the Philosophy of Auftragstaktik: Determining Factors of the Understanding of Initiative in the German Army, 1806-1955</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="43905717" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DonaldVandergriff">Donald Vandergriff</a></div><p class="ds2-5-body-sm ds-related-work--abstract hide-on-large">Initiative Within the Philosophy of Auftragstaktik, Determining Factors of the Understanding of Initiative in the German Army, 1806</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Art of War Papers Initiative Within the Philosophy of Auftragstaktik: Determining Factors of the Understanding of Initiative in the German Army, 1806-1955","attachmentId":43043634,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/22420940/Art_of_War_Papers_Initiative_Within_the_Philosophy_of_Auftragstaktik_Determining_Factors_of_the_Understanding_of_Initiative_in_the_German_Army_1806_1955","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/22420940/Art_of_War_Papers_Initiative_Within_the_Philosophy_of_Auftragstaktik_Determining_Factors_of_the_Understanding_of_Initiative_in_the_German_Army_1806_1955"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card js-safe-related-work-related-work " data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="8459355" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8459355/Military_Persuasion_in_War_and_Policy_Stephen_J_Cimbala_Book_Review_Military_Intelligence_Professional_Bulletin_October_December_2012_Vol_38_No_4_P_62_63">Military Persuasion in War and Policy - Stephen J. 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Helmuth von Moltke, the Chief of the Prussian General Staff during the Franco-Prussian War, defined Auftragstaktik as the actions a subordinate took in the absence of orders that supported the senior commander’s intent. The use of mission tactics allowed subordinate commanders like Crown Prince Frederick Karl, Gen. Konstantin von Alvensleben, and Gen. Karl von Steinmetz to interpret how best to achieve the commander’s intent based upon their understanding of the tactical situation. The Prussian use of decentralized command during the Franco-Prussian War acknowledged the risk inherent in this system of command. Despite what modern military theorists often write, Auftragstaktik and mission command are not synonymous terms. Most authors ignore the historical environment that the Prussian military operated in during the Franco-Prussian War. This study examines the influence of the Prussian concept of Auftragstaktik on the modern US Army notion of mission command as defined within the published doctrine. It utilizes archival records and pertinent published histories from the August 1870 battles on the Franco-Prussian frontier, Moltke’s 1869 Instructions for Large Unit Commanders, as well as writings from the 1980s to describe the influence of Prussian system on the modern concept of mission command.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Auftragstaktik: The Basis for Modern Military Command?","attachmentId":58336195,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38289566/Auftragstaktik_The_Basis_for_Modern_Military_Command","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/38289566/Auftragstaktik_The_Basis_for_Modern_Military_Command"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card js-safe-related-work-related-work hidden" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="9632583" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9632583/Mission_Command_Between_Theory">Mission Command Between Theory</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="22941207" href="https://biu.academia.edu/eitanshamir">eitan shamir</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Mission Command Between Theory","attachmentId":35835123,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9632583/Mission_Command_Between_Theory","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/9632583/Mission_Command_Between_Theory"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card js-safe-related-work-related-work hidden" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="8017266" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8017266/Erwin_Rommel_and_German_Military_Doctrine_1912_1940">Erwin Rommel and German Military Doctrine: 1912-1940</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3445166" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MartinSamuels">Martin Samuels</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">War in History, 2017</p><p class="ds2-5-body-sm ds-related-work--abstract hide-on-large">Rommel’s approach to command and his relationship with the German Army’s doctrine remain subjects of lively debate. Analysis of his career prior to 1940 shows he was a highly respected figure at the centre of the army’s officer training system. Consideration of his approach during the crossing of the Meuse in May 1940 demonstrates consistency with his actions at Caporetto in 1917. Far from proving his unorthodoxy, however, comparison of this approach with the army’s official manuals suggests Rommel acted fully in accordance with doctrine. This highlights a tension within that doctrine between independence of action and wilfulness.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Erwin Rommel and German Military Doctrine: 1912-1940","attachmentId":52586586,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8017266/Erwin_Rommel_and_German_Military_Doctrine_1912_1940","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/8017266/Erwin_Rommel_and_German_Military_Doctrine_1912_1940"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card js-safe-related-work-related-work hidden" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="20105747" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20105747/Operation_Typhoon_and_Mission_Tactics">Operation Typhoon & Mission Tactics</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34496018" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GerryLong1">Gerry Long</a></div><p class="ds2-5-body-sm ds-related-work--abstract hide-on-large">Operation Typhoon represented 25 years of tactical evolution for the German Army - the successful marriage of World War l infantry tactics with modern technology. The story of the development of infantry tactics post the First World War is really the story of what the Germans called the ‘storm trooper’. He was to be a foot soldier of a new type, adapted for the conditions</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Operation Typhoon \u0026 Mission Tactics","attachmentId":41010489,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/20105747/Operation_Typhoon_and_Mission_Tactics","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/20105747/Operation_Typhoon_and_Mission_Tactics"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card js-safe-related-work-related-work hidden" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="38130028" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38130028/_Prioritizing_Operational_over_Strategic_Victories_Leading_to_Strategic_Failure_The_Wehrmacht_in_France_and_Russia_1940_1941_">“Prioritizing Operational over Strategic Victories Leading to Strategic Failure : The Wehrmacht in France and Russia, 1940-1941”</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="854227" href="https://norwich.academia.edu/RobWettengel">Rob Wettengel</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Capstone Paper - Norwich University M.A. in Military History, 2018</p><p class="ds2-5-body-sm ds-related-work--abstract hide-on-large">The German Wehrmacht’s prowess upon the battlefield has captivated the attention of military scholars and buffs alike since 1945. The doctrine that Germany waged war with was completed in 1933-34 and contained within it the seeds of defeat. The existing literature has a gap in which the doctrine has been insufficiently examined. The second part, published in 1934, has not been previously explored sufficiently. This doctrine stressed operations and tactics, while being largely silent on matters of strategy. Germany’s military leaders came to possess an operationally-focused tunnel-vision that few were able to eclipse and see beyond. These doctrinal deficiencies were only going to present themselves during a protracted conflict. In May 1940, operations and strategy were well correlated with one another and success came rapidly over France and the Low Countries, but the German operational plan was lacked the ability to defeat England. By December 1941, a mismatch between operations and strategy—means and ends—had presented itself in the failed attempt to conquer the Soviet Union in a single campaign season, while, in western Europe, Britain remained defiant. The German Way of War lacked the means to successfully conclude the conflict.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"“Prioritizing Operational over Strategic Victories Leading to Strategic Failure : The Wehrmacht in France and Russia, 1940-1941”","attachmentId":58160365,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38130028/_Prioritizing_Operational_over_Strategic_Victories_Leading_to_Strategic_Failure_The_Wehrmacht_in_France_and_Russia_1940_1941_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/38130028/_Prioritizing_Operational_over_Strategic_Victories_Leading_to_Strategic_Failure_The_Wehrmacht_in_France_and_Russia_1940_1941_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card js-safe-related-work-related-work hidden" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="3818367" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3818367/Friction_Chaos_and_Order_s_Clausewitz_Boyd_and_Command_Approaches">Friction, Chaos and Order(s): Clausewitz, Boyd and Command Approaches</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3445166" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MartinSamuels">Martin Samuels</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Military & Strategic Studies, 2014</p><p class="ds2-5-body-sm ds-related-work--abstract hide-on-large">This article seeks to take two further steps towards establishing a conceptual foundation for discussion of command approaches. First, it examines how each of the command approaches defined in the typology set out in my earlier article interacts with the different aspects of friction identified by Clausewitz. This discussion enables an assessment of the likely effectiveness of each approach in reducing friction. Second, it turns the issue of friction on its head and, drawing on the work of John Boyd, explores how each command approach responds to the challenge of actively increasing the friction experienced by the enemy, in order to achieve destruction of their strength. In so doing, connections are made with another vital (but rarely analysed) element of warfare: shock. Through analysis of the relationship between command approaches and friction, this article seeks to support the contention that a command system is not simply a neutral technique, but (whether consciously or not) is a response to the fundamental nature of warfare. As such, some approaches are more likely than others to deliver victory.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Friction, Chaos and Order(s): Clausewitz, Boyd and Command Approaches","attachmentId":35264287,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3818367/Friction_Chaos_and_Order_s_Clausewitz_Boyd_and_Command_Approaches","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3818367/Friction_Chaos_and_Order_s_Clausewitz_Boyd_and_Command_Approaches"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card js-safe-related-work-related-work hidden" data-collection-position="10" data-entity-id="37548402" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37548402/Operation_Kreml_German_Strategic_Deception_on_the_Eastern_Front_in_1942_in_Christopher_M_Rein_ed_Weaving_the_Tangled_Web_Military_Deception_in_Large_Scale_Combat_Operations">'Operation Kreml: German Strategic Deception on the Eastern Front in 1942', in Christopher M. Rein (ed.), Weaving the Tangled Web: Military Deception in Large-Scale Combat Operations</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="91688543" href="https://transkulturnikomunikace.academia.edu/AlanDonohue">Alan Donohue</a></div><p class="ds2-5-body-sm ds-related-work--abstract hide-on-large">This is a chapter for a book published by the US Army University Press on military deception. Operation Kreml was a German Army plan to deceive the Soviet high command into believing that the renewed summer offensive in 1942 would be directed against Moscow (and not further south towards the Caucasus, the real target).</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"'Operation Kreml: German Strategic Deception on the Eastern Front in 1942', in Christopher M. Rein (ed.), Weaving the Tangled Web: Military Deception in Large-Scale Combat Operations","attachmentId":57523622,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37548402/Operation_Kreml_German_Strategic_Deception_on_the_Eastern_Front_in_1942_in_Christopher_M_Rein_ed_Weaving_the_Tangled_Web_Military_Deception_in_Large_Scale_Combat_Operations","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37548402/Operation_Kreml_German_Strategic_Deception_on_the_Eastern_Front_in_1942_in_Christopher_M_Rein_ed_Weaving_the_Tangled_Web_Military_Deception_in_Large_Scale_Combat_Operations"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card js-safe-related-work-related-work hidden" data-collection-position="11" data-entity-id="39065726" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39065726/Exploring_Mission_Command_in_a_Concept_for_Future_Command_and_Control">Exploring Mission Command in a Concept for Future Command and Control</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="112305179" href="https://fhs.academia.edu/AndersJosefsson">Anders Josefsson</a></div><p class="ds2-5-body-sm ds-related-work--abstract hide-on-large">Future Command and Control (C2) need to be both agile and resilient to cope with unpredictable operational environments and to make use of the technological advances. The Swedish Armed Forces develops a concept for future C2 of military operations. The objective of this paper is to explore the utilization of mission command in a future C2 concept. Sweden has a solid tradition of mission command, promoted by the Swedish culture of participation and empowerment. However, the future operational environment demands a need for organizational agility, thus changing the prerequisites for mission command. The future C2 concept, which is under development, encompasses centralized and decentralized command in fixed and temporary organizations. Centralized approaches may be preferred when it comes to prioritization of technologically advanced exclusive resources. On the other hand, dynamic situations demand rapid decision making and seizing the opportunity given in the moment. The future operational environment includes hybrid warfare and gray zone issues, demanding thorough analysis in order to foresee the political consequences of decisions. Sensor and communication technologies enable enhanced situation awareness; however, the infrastructure is vulnerable. The current paper analyses the application of mission command in the future operational environment, and further mission command in relation to organizational agility. The conclusion is that mission command is still relevant in the complex future operational environment. However, the increasingly complex operational environment demands continuous development of the C2 function.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Exploring Mission Command in a Concept for Future Command and Control","attachmentId":59181356,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/39065726/Exploring_Mission_Command_in_a_Concept_for_Future_Command_and_Control","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/39065726/Exploring_Mission_Command_in_a_Concept_for_Future_Command_and_Control"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card js-safe-related-work-related-work hidden" data-collection-position="12" data-entity-id="3818374" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3818374/Doctrine_for_Orders_and_Decentralisation_in_the_British_and_German_Armies_1885_1935">Doctrine for Orders and Decentralisation in the British and German Armies, 1885-1935</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3445166" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MartinSamuels">Martin Samuels</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">War in History, 2015</p><p class="ds2-5-body-sm ds-related-work--abstract hide-on-large">Drawing on theories of problems in warfare being ‘tame’ or ‘wicked’, this article explores continuity and changes in British and German doctrine through examination of wording, emphasis, and approach in field service manuals. This reveals significant continuities in German doctrine, especially the emphasis on initiative, but growing focus on rapid decision-making, coupled with forward command, to achieve surprise. British doctrine also displayed continuity, focused on controlling the battle and reluctance to allow subordinates to exercise initiative. A shift in British doctrine, from one similar to the German model towards a more restrictive approach, is identified between 1905 and 1909.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Doctrine for Orders and Decentralisation in the British and German Armies, 1885-1935","attachmentId":40750439,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3818374/Doctrine_for_Orders_and_Decentralisation_in_the_British_and_German_Armies_1885_1935","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3818374/Doctrine_for_Orders_and_Decentralisation_in_the_British_and_German_Armies_1885_1935"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card js-safe-related-work-related-work hidden" data-collection-position="13" data-entity-id="683708" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/683708/Emmanuel_Goffi_Leadership_in_a_World_of_Blurred_Responsibilities_in_Carroll_J_Connelley_and_Paolo_Tripodi_eds_Aspects_of_Leadership_Ethics_Law_and_Spirituality_Quantico_VA_Marine_Corps_University_Press_2012_pp_87_110">Emmanuel Goffi, “Leadership in a World of Blurred Responsibilities”, in Carroll J. Connelley and Paolo Tripodi (eds.), Aspects of Leadership: Ethics, Law and Spirituality, Quantico VA, Marine Corps University Press, 2012, pp. 87-110.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42952" href="https://umanitoba.academia.edu/EmmanuelGoffi">Emmanuel R Goffi, PhD</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Emmanuel Goffi, “Leadership in a World of Blurred Responsibilities”, in Carroll J. Connelley and Paolo Tripodi (eds.), Aspects of Leadership: Ethics, Law and Spirituality, Quantico VA, Marine Corps University Press, 2012, pp. 87-110.","attachmentId":31379738,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/683708/Emmanuel_Goffi_Leadership_in_a_World_of_Blurred_Responsibilities_in_Carroll_J_Connelley_and_Paolo_Tripodi_eds_Aspects_of_Leadership_Ethics_Law_and_Spirituality_Quantico_VA_Marine_Corps_University_Press_2012_pp_87_110","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/683708/Emmanuel_Goffi_Leadership_in_a_World_of_Blurred_Responsibilities_in_Carroll_J_Connelley_and_Paolo_Tripodi_eds_Aspects_of_Leadership_Ethics_Law_and_Spirituality_Quantico_VA_Marine_Corps_University_Press_2012_pp_87_110"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card js-safe-related-work-related-work hidden" data-collection-position="14" data-entity-id="3481457" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3481457/Great_Commanders_Rommel">Great Commanders - Rommel</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2703825" href="https://cgsc.academia.edu/MarkHull">Mark Hull</a></div><p class="ds2-5-body-sm ds-related-work--abstract hide-on-large">This book is dedicated to all those who have served.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Great Commanders - Rommel","attachmentId":34448980,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3481457/Great_Commanders_Rommel","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3481457/Great_Commanders_Rommel"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card js-safe-related-work-related-work hidden" data-collection-position="15" data-entity-id="1097520" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1097520/Beyond_Good_and_Evil_or_A_Genealogy_of_Ethics_Challenges_for_professional_unprofessional_and_amateur_users_of_force_in_Military_Ethics_International_Perspectives">Beyond Good and Evil or A Genealogy of Ethics: Challenges for professional, unprofessional and amateur users of force”, in Military Ethics: International Perspectives.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="955243" href="https://ucl.academia.edu/JPMacIntosh">Jamie MacIntosh</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" 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class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="23652693" href="https://chicago.academia.edu/MichaelGeyer">Michael Geyer</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"2017 Rev Unterführer als Feldherr [engl.].pdf","attachmentId":55464686,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35597705/2017_Rev_Unterf%C3%BChrer_als_Feldherr_engl_pdf","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/35597705/2017_Rev_Unterf%C3%BChrer_als_Feldherr_engl_pdf"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span 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However, a deeper discussion has begun over the foundations of operational art and doctrine in the American Army. It is an argument that focuses mainly on land warfare doctrine,though the conceptual processes discussed have broader application. 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