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Conkling and Platt resign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Garfield_nominates_Robertson;_Conkling_and_Platt_resign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Half-Breeds_outmaneuver_Platt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Half-Breeds_outmaneuver_Platt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Half-Breeds outmaneuver Platt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Half-Breeds_outmaneuver_Platt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Platt_supports_Half-Breed_Blaine_for_president" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Platt_supports_Half-Breed_Blaine_for_president"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Platt supports Half-Breed Blaine for president</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Platt_supports_Half-Breed_Blaine_for_president-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Return_to_the_Senate,_1897–1909" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_to_the_Senate,_1897–1909"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Return to the Senate, 1897–1909</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_to_the_Senate,_1897–1909-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_years,_death,_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_years,_death,_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Later years, death, and legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_years,_death,_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Thomas C. Platt</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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Platt – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Thomas C. Platt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%B3%DB%8C._%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="توماس سی. پلات – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="توماس سی. پلات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_C._Platt" title="Thomas C. Platt – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Thomas C. Platt" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A1_%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%98" title="תומאס פלאט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תומאס פלאט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_C._Platt" title="Thomas C. Platt – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Thomas C. Platt" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%83._%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="توماس ك. بلات – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="توماس ك. بلات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_C._Platt" title="Thomas C. Platt – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Thomas C. Platt" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_C._Platt" title="Thomas C. Platt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Thomas C. 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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician (1833–1910)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the United States federal judge, see <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Collier_Platt_Jr." title="Thomas Collier Platt Jr.">Thomas Collier Platt Jr.</a> For his political organization, see <a href="/wiki/Platt_machine" title="Platt machine">Platt machine</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Thomas C. Platt</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Thomas_C._Platt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Portrait_of_Thomas_C._Platt.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_Thomas_C._Platt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Portrait_of_Thomas_C._Platt.jpg/330px-Portrait_of_Thomas_C._Platt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Portrait_of_Thomas_C._Platt.jpg/440px-Portrait_of_Thomas_C._Platt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="597" data-file-height="812" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Platt in 1903</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senator">United States Senator</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1897 – March 3, 1909</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_B._Hill" title="David B. Hill">David B. Hill</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elihu_Root" title="Elihu Root">Elihu Root</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1881 – May 16, 1881</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Kernan" title="Francis Kernan">Francis Kernan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Warner_Miller" title="Warner Miller">Warner Miller</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the<br /><a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1873 – March 3, 1877</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Horace_B._Smith" title="Horace B. Smith">Horace B. Smith</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_W._Dwight" title="Jeremiah W. Dwight">Jeremiah W. Dwight</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><span data-sort-value="New York27 !"><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_27th_congressional_district" title="New York's 27th congressional district">27th district</a></span> (1873–75)<br /><span data-sort-value="New York28 !"><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_28th_congressional_district" title="New York's 28th congressional district">28th district</a></span> (1875–77)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Thomas Collier Platt</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1833-07-15</span>)</span>July 15, 1833<br /><a href="/wiki/Owego_(village),_New_York" title="Owego (village), New York">Owego, New York</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">March 6, 1910<span style="display:none">(1910-03-06)</span> (aged 76)<br /><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City, New York</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yale_College" title="Yale College">Yale College</a> (did not graduate)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Thomas_Collier_Platt.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Thomas C. Platt's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Signature_of_Thomas_Collier_Platt.png/128px-Signature_of_Thomas_Collier_Platt.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Signature_of_Thomas_Collier_Platt.png/192px-Signature_of_Thomas_Collier_Platt.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Signature_of_Thomas_Collier_Platt.png/256px-Signature_of_Thomas_Collier_Platt.png 2x" data-file-width="329" data-file-height="75" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Thomas Collier Platt</b> (July 15, 1833 – March 6, 1910), also known as <b>Tom Platt</b><sup id="cite_ref-levipmorton_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-levipmorton-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <b>Easy Boss</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia.combio_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia.combio-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an American politician who was a two-term member of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> (1873–1877) and a three-term <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senator">U.S. Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> in 1881 and 1897 to 1909. He is best known as the "<a href="/wiki/Political_boss" title="Political boss">political boss</a>" of the Republican Party in New York State in the late 19th century and early 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-orth_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-orth-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon his death, the <i>New York Times</i> stated that "no man ever exercised less influence in the Senate or the House of Representatives than he," but "no man ever exercised more power as a political leader."<sup id="cite_ref-post_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-post-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He considered himself the "political godfather" of many Republican governors of the state, including <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-abio_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abio-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Platt played a key role in the creation of the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Greater_New_York" title="City of Greater New York">City of Greater New York</a>, which incorporated together the boroughs of New York (Manhattan), Kings (Brooklyn), Queens, Richmond (Staten Island) and Bronx counties. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_C._Platt&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_C._Platt&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_C._Platt_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Thomas_C._Platt_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/220px-Thomas_C._Platt_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Thomas_C._Platt_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/330px-Thomas_C._Platt_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Thomas_C._Platt_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/440px-Thomas_C._Platt_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2013" data-file-height="2618" /></a><figcaption>Thomas C. Platt</figcaption></figure> <p>Platt was born to William Platt, a lawyer, and Lesbia Hinchman, in <a href="/wiki/Owego_(village),_New_York" title="Owego (village), New York">Owego</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tioga_County,_New_York" title="Tioga County, New York">Tioga County</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> on July 15, 1833.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> State Senator <a href="/wiki/Nehemiah_Platt" title="Nehemiah Platt">Nehemiah Platt</a> (1797–1851) was William Platt's brother. </p><p>William Platt, a successful attorney and strict Presbyterian, encouraged his son to enter the ministry. Accordingly, the young Platt was prepared for college at the Owego Academy and attended <a href="/wiki/Yale_College" title="Yale College">Yale College</a> (1850–1852), where he studied theology but failed to earn a degree owing to ill health which forced his withdrawal.<sup id="cite_ref-Call_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Call-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After leaving Yale in 1852, he entered into a variety of employments. He started out as a druggist, a business in which he was engaged for two decades; was briefly an editor of a small newspaper; served as president of the <a href="/wiki/Tioga,_New_York" title="Tioga, New York">Tioga</a> National Bank; and was interested in the lumbering business in <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>. He also acted as President of the Southern Central and other railways. </p><p>In 1852, he married his cousin<sup id="cite_ref-Call_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Call-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ellen Lucy Barstow with whom he had three sons: Edward T. Platt, Frank H. Platt, and Henry B. Platt.<sup id="cite_ref-obit_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obit-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, Platt's illness prevented him from serving in the Union military, though raised money to support troops and actively urged support for the Lincoln Administration.<sup id="cite_ref-papers_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-papers-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Platt became secretary and a director of the United States Express Co. in 1879 and was elected president of the company in 1880. He was president of the Board of Quarantine Commissioners of New York from 1880 to 1888 and was President of the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Coal,_Iron_and_Railroad_Company" title="Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company">Tennessee Coal & Iron Company</a> for several years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_political_career">Early political career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_C._Platt&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Platt's political involvement began at the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a>'s inception; he made his first appearance in politics in 1856 in the campaign of the party's first presidential candidate, <a href="/wiki/John_C._Fr%C3%A9mont" title="John C. Frémont">John C. Frémont</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-post_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-post-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Running as a Republican, he was elected clerk of <a href="/wiki/Tioga_County,_New_York" title="Tioga County, New York">Tioga County</a>, serving from 1859 to 1861. He was elected as a <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Forty-third_United_States_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Forty-third United States Congress">43rd United States Congress</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Forty-fourth_United_States_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Forty-fourth United States Congress">44th United States Congress</a>, serving from March 4, 1873, to March 3, 1877. His influence on statewide politics began on his return from Congress in 1877, when he aligned with the "<a href="/wiki/Stalwart_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalwart (politics)">Stalwart</a>" faction led by U.S. senator <a href="/wiki/Roscoe_Conkling" title="Roscoe Conkling">Roscoe Conkling</a> at the party's state convention, and against the "<a href="/wiki/Half-Breed_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Half-Breed (politics)">Half-Breed</a>" faction loyal to President <a href="/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes" title="Rutherford B. Hayes">Rutherford B. Hayes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-post_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-post-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1876, Platt declined to seek re-election to the House. During the same year in the <a href="/wiki/1876_United_States_presidential_election" title="1876 United States presidential election">1876 United States presidential election</a>, he joined the "Conkling for President" movement when he attended a <a href="/wiki/Republican_National_Convention" title="Republican National Convention">Republican National Convention</a> for the first time. A grateful and responsive Sen. Conkling in turn appointed Platt to become the GOP State Committee chairman.<sup id="cite_ref-papers_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-papers-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Garfield_nominates_Robertson;_Conkling_and_Platt_resign"><span id="Garfield_nominates_Robertson.3B_Conkling_and_Platt_resign"></span>Garfield nominates Robertson; Conkling and Platt resign</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_C._Platt&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Garfield nominates Robertson; Conkling and Platt resign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York,_1881" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate election in New York, 1881">January 1881</a> he was elected with the support of the Stalwart faction to represent New York in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a>. His election was ensured due to an intraparty compromise with Republican Half-Breed candidate <a href="/wiki/Chauncey_M._Depew" class="mw-redirect" title="Chauncey M. Depew">Chauncey M. Depew</a>, who also sought the seat. Preceding the party nominations, Depew told Platt: "You can have my strength if as senator you will support [Garfield]."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGosnell26_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGosnell26-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Platt agreed to the terms, purportedly having responded: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I have done my best to elect a Republican president and as senator I will support him.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Platt, 1881</cite></div></blockquote> <p>Responding to this, a supporter of Depew speculated if Platt would unwavering support Garfield such that the latter nominates <a href="/wiki/William_H._Robertson" title="William H. Robertson">W. H. Robertson</a> to a lucrative post; Platt replied in the affirmative.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGosnell26_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGosnell26-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He became a member of the <a href="/wiki/47th_United_States_Congress" title="47th United States Congress">Forty-seventh Congress</a> and the chairman of the Committee on Enrolled Bills. However, he served only from March 4 to May 16, 1881, when he and Conkling resigned because of a disagreement with President <a href="/wiki/James_Garfield" class="mw-redirect" title="James Garfield">James Garfield</a> over federal appointments in New York. The cause of their resignations was Garfield's appointment of Robertson, a leader of anti-Conkling forces, as <a href="/wiki/Collector_of_the_Port_of_New_York" title="Collector of the Port of New York">Collector of the Port of New York</a>. Soon afterward, however, Garfield's assassination by <a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Guiteau" title="Charles J. Guiteau">Charles J. Guiteau</a>, a self-proclaimed Stalwart who claimed friendships with Platt and Conkling, was the finishing blow for their faction.<sup id="cite_ref-post_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-post-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Platt's compromise with Depew sparked the cascade of events that resulted in his subsequent defeat. Garfield's nomination of Robertson forced the junior senator to remain loyal to his vows and buck Conkling, or affirm his Stalwart politics and break the promise.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGosnell26_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGosnell26-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Contrary to narratives both in Platt's time and the contemporary era which suggest the resignations were an encouragement by Conkling which Platt eagerly concurred, it was Platt who suggested the strategy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGosnell27–29_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGosnell27–29-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the general perception of Platt as an acolyte of Conkling resulted in his portrayal as a "Me too," "Echo," and "Dromio" of his mentor. A cartoon published by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nast" title="Thomas Nast">Thomas Nast</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Harper%27s_Weekly" title="Harper's Weekly">Harper's Weekly</a></i> portrayed the pair as having "lost their heads," with former president <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a> struggling to resurrect Conkling.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGosnell27–29_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGosnell27–29-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Half-Breeds_outmaneuver_Platt">Half-Breeds outmaneuver Platt</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_C._Platt&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Half-Breeds outmaneuver Platt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The reasoning for the resignations, Platt articulated, functioned as a "desperate remedy" to prevent him from being forced to vote on confirming Robertson to the collector position. He thus would not betray the vows made towards Depew, nor would it act as a direct affront to Conkling.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGosnell27–29_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGosnell27–29-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Platt and Conkling ran in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_special_election_in_New_York,_1881" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate special election in New York, 1881">special election</a> to fill the vacancies created by their own resignations but lost.<sup id="cite_ref-post_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-post-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anticipations were made that Governor Cornell would alert the state legislature in a prompt announcement of their resignations, although a maneuvering by two Half-Breeds in the state Senate resulted in the chamber's adjourning before the message could be received.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGosnell27–29_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGosnell27–29-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Half-Breed ranks in the state legislature thus gave more time for themselves to devise a strategy that would thwart efforts to re-elect Platt and Conkling; Platt's adviser Louis F. Payn predicted their defeats following the results of the first ballot that fueled pessimism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGosnell27–29_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGosnell27–29-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Half-Breeds in the legislature did not look upon Platt as having demonstrated loyalty to his promise, and steadfastly worked to prevent his re-election.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGosnell27–29_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGosnell27–29-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A majority in the chambers viewed that Garfield's promotion of Robertson at the opposition of the "regular" machine were not "dishonest" nor "dishonorable." </p><p>Allies of Conkling bitterly fought to reinstate them to their seats, including Vice President Chester Arthur, although Platt would withdraw his name from the special election following a month of balloting.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGosnell27–29_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGosnell27–29-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The assassination of Garfield resulted in subsequent suspicions toward Stalwarts, and an alliance between Half-Breed and Independents thwarted the "Old Guard" by nominating <a href="/wiki/Warner_Miller" title="Warner Miller">Warner Miller</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elbridge_G._Lapham" title="Elbridge G. Lapham">Elbridge G. Lapham</a> to succeed Platt and Conkling respectively. The inability of Platt to ensure a successful strategy that only resulted in the self-ousting of the senatorial pair ended his friendship with Conkling.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGosnell27–29_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGosnell27–29-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eschewing elective office, Platt then devoted his attention to mending fences and rebuilding the machine.<sup id="cite_ref-post_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-post-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He served as a delegate to several state and national Republican conventions,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was a member of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Republican_State_Committee" title="New York Republican State Committee">New York Republican State Committee</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Republican_National_Committee" title="Republican National Committee">Republican National Committee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1887, Platt was the <i>de facto</i> leader of New York's Republicans, where he developed a reputation as the "easy boss."<sup id="cite_ref-post_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-post-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Platt_supports_Half-Breed_Blaine_for_president">Platt supports Half-Breed Blaine for president</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_C._Platt&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Platt supports Half-Breed Blaine for president"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/1884_United_States_presidential_election" title="1884 United States presidential election">1884 United States presidential election</a>, the Republican convention nominated Half-Breed leader <a href="/wiki/James_G._Blaine" title="James G. Blaine">James G. Blaine</a> to lead the party ticket. This resulted in an intraparty schism, with a "<a href="/wiki/Mugwump" class="mw-redirect" title="Mugwump">Mugwump</a>" faction refusing to support Blaine and instead backing <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Democrat" title="Bourbon Democrat">Bourbon Democrat</a> <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a>. </p><p>Although Platt had allied with the Stalwarts which fiercely opposed Blaine (who long had a personal rivalry with Conkling), he supported the nominee for the general election.<sup id="cite_ref-papers_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-papers-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blaine ultimately lost the race to Cleveland, which in part was attributed to the influence of <i>Harper's Weekly</i> Mugwump cartoonist <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nast" title="Thomas Nast">Thomas Nast</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Return_to_the_Senate,_1897–1909"><span id="Return_to_the_Senate.2C_1897.E2.80.931909"></span>Return to the Senate, 1897–1909</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_C._Platt&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Return to the Senate, 1897–1909"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sixteen years after Platt's resignation, he was elected to the a second time a <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senator_from_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senator from New York">U.S. Senator from New York</a> in <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York,_1897" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate election in New York, 1897">January 1897</a> and was re-elected in <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York,_1903" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate election in New York, 1903">January 1903</a>. This time, he served from March 4, 1897, to March 3, 1909. He was Chairman of the Committee on Transportation Routes to the Seaboard (in the 55th Congress). He was on the Committee on Printing (in the 56th through 60th Congresses), the Committee on Cuban Relations (in the 59th Congress) and the Committee on Interoceanic Canals (in the 59th Congress). He also served on the <a href="/wiki/Republican_National_Committee" title="Republican National Committee">Republican National Committee</a>. </p><p>On January 21, 1897, Platt's photograph appeared in the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Tribune">New York Tribune</a></i> as "the first <a href="/wiki/Halftone" title="Halftone">halftone</a> reproduction to appear in a mass circulation daily paper," according to Time-Life's <i>Photojournalism</i>. </p><p>To increase his power as a <a href="/wiki/Political_boss" title="Political boss">political boss</a>, Platt steered passage of the Greater New York bill in 1898. The bill incorporated the boroughs of <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a> into the city, thereby creating New York City as it exists today. </p><p>Platt reluctantly supported Theodore Roosevelt's candidacy for <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_York" title="Governor of New York">Governor of New York</a> in 1898 in the immediate aftermath of Roosevelt's fame leading the <a href="/wiki/Rough_Riders" title="Rough Riders">Rough Riders</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a> earlier that year. Once elected, Governor Roosevelt was independently minded and crusaded against machines and corruption, most notably refusing to reappoint <a href="/wiki/Louis_F._Payn" title="Louis F. Payn">Louis F. Payn</a> as state Insurance Superintendent because he was widely seen as a corrupt associate of Platt. In response, Platt sought a way to "shelve" Roosevelt so that a more compliant governor could be installed in his place.<sup id="cite_ref-post_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-post-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President <a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a>'s original vice president had died in office, leaving a place on the ticket to fill before the 1900 election. At the <a href="/wiki/1900_Republican_National_Convention" title="1900 Republican National Convention">1900 Republican National Convention</a>, Platt and <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Quay" title="Matthew Quay">Matthew Quay</a> proposed to get Roosevelt out of Platt's way in New York by nominating him for vice president.<sup id="cite_ref-post_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-post-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Party boss <a href="/wiki/Mark_Hanna" title="Mark Hanna">Mark Hanna</a> was horrified by the proposition, stating "Why, everybody's gone crazy! What is the matter with all of you? Here's this convention going headlong for Roosevelt for Vice President. Don't any of you realize that there's only one life between that madman and the Presidency? Platt and Quay are no better than idiots! What harm can he do as Governor of New York compared to the damage he will do as President if McKinley should die?"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn1922334–335_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn1922334–335-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But since Hanna was unable to convince President McKinley to refuse Roosevelt as his Vice President, his efforts were in vain. Roosevelt was chosen by acclamation, played a major part in McKinley's re-election, and became president in September 1901 after McKinley was assassinated in office. </p><p>Platt's control over the Republican Party in New York State effectively ended in 1902. <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Barker_Odell_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin Barker Odell Jr.">Benjamin Barker Odell Jr.</a>, Roosevelt's successor as governor, had not only acted independently of Platt but also, by 1902, insisted on taking over from Platt as leader of the party. After Platt tried but failed to block Odell's renomination as governor and Odell was re-elected, the era of a separate "boss" was over.<sup id="cite_ref-post_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-post-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Platt was a member of the New York <a href="/wiki/General_Society_of_Colonial_Wars" title="General Society of Colonial Wars">Society of Colonial Wars</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_years,_death,_and_legacy"><span id="Later_years.2C_death.2C_and_legacy"></span>Later years, death, and legacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_C._Platt&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Later years, death, and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two years after his first wife died in 1901, he married Lillian Janeway, whom the <i>New York Times</i> described as "young enough in appearance to pass for his daughter."<sup id="cite_ref-sepd_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sepd-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their legal separation was announced in 1906, with Platt agreeing to pay his estranged wife $75,000 in exchange for her dropping all financial claims upon him and dismissing a suit for divorce which had been previously filed.<sup id="cite_ref-Call_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Call-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his final years Platt suffered from a palsy of his legs which confined him to a wheelchair for a majority of the time.<sup id="cite_ref-Call_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Call-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He retired from the Senate <a href="/wiki/1909_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="1909 United States Senate election in New York">in 1909</a> and was stricken by what was diagnosed as an acute attack of <a href="/wiki/Bright%27s_disease" title="Bright's disease">Bright's disease</a> on May 28, 1909, a case so severe that his doctor publicly predicted his patient's imminent demise.<sup id="cite_ref-Call_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Call-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Platt recovered, however, convalescing until late in January 1910, when he was deemed well enough to return home to his Manhattan apartment.<sup id="cite_ref-Call_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Call-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seemingly restored to health, Platt was suddenly stricken by a second attack of kidney disease at about 1 pm on March 6, 1910.<sup id="cite_ref-Call_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Call-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His personal physician was called, but it was immediately deemed apparent that there would be no recovery in this second life-threatening incident.<sup id="cite_ref-Call_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Call-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Platt died in his own bed at about 4 pm on that same day.<sup id="cite_ref-Call_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Call-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 7, Republican Governor <a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Charles Evans Hughes</a> ordered flags of state buildings to be flown at half-staff in commemoration of the death of the former United States Senator, an action setting a precedent in New York of state government honoring such a former federal elected official in that manner.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Platt's body was interred in Evergreen Cemetery, Owego, New York. At the time of his death, he remained married to Lillian, but she received nothing in his will.<sup id="cite_ref-obit_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obit-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His namesake great-grandson was the lawyer and judge <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Collier_Platt_Jr." title="Thomas Collier Platt Jr.">Thomas Collier Platt Jr.</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_C._Platt&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-levipmorton-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-levipmorton_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210730105816/https://www.senate.gov/about/officers-staff/vice-president/morton-levi.htm">About the Vice President | Levi Parsons Morton, 22nd Vice President (1889-1893)</a>. <i>United States Senate</i> via <i>Internet Archive</i>. Retrieved March 8, 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-encyclopedia.combio-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia.combio_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">August 24, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/history/us-history-biographies/thomas-collier-platt">Thomas Collier Platt</a>. <i>Encyclopedia.com</i>. Retrieved March 8, 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-orth-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-orth_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Samuel P. Orth, <i>The Boss and the Machine</i>, 124 (1919).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-post-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-post_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-post_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-post_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-post_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-post_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-post_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-post_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-post_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-post_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-post_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1910/03/07/104923823.pdf">Progress and Fall of Platt, Easy Boss</a>," <i>New York Times</i>, June 7, 1910 at p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abio-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-abio_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas C. Platt, "The Autobiography of Thomas Collier Platt" (1910).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Platt, Thomas Collier." <i>Grolier Encyclopedia of Knowledge</i>, volume 15, copyright 1991. Grolier Inc., <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7172-5300-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7172-5300-7">0-7172-5300-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Call-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Call_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Call_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Call_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Call_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Call_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Call_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Call_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Call_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Call_7-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Thomas C. Platt Dead at 77," <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Call" title="New York Call">New York Call</a>,</i> vol. 3, no. 66, March 7, 1910, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-obit-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-obit_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-obit_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1910/03/26/104926822.pdf">All Platt's Estate Goes to his Sons</a>," <i>New York Times</i>, March 26, 1910 at p. 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-papers-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-papers_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-papers_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-papers_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/10079/fa/mssa.ms.0727">Thomas Collier Platt papers</a>. <i>Archives at Yale</i>. Retrieved March 8, 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGosnell26-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGosnell26_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGosnell26_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGosnell26_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGosnell">Gosnell</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGosnell27–29-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGosnell27–29_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGosnell27–29_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGosnell27–29_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGosnell27–29_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGosnell27–29_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGosnell27–29_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGosnell27–29_11-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGosnell27–29_11-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGosnell">Gosnell</a>, pp. 27–29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/92117540/delegates-chosen/">"Delegates Chosen"</a>. <i>The Daily Chronicle</i>. Knoxville, TC. April 23, 1884. p. 2 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Delegates+Chosen&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1884-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F92117540%2Fdelegates-chosen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+C.+Platt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/92118222/new-york-republicans/">"New York Republicans"</a>. <i>Norfolk Daily News</i>. Norfolk, NE. May 18, 1888. p. 3 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Norfolk+Daily+News&rft.atitle=New+York+Republicans&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1888-05-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F92118222%2Fnew-york-republicans%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+C.+Platt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/92117768/completing-ticket/">"Completing the Ticket"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. New York, NY. September 22, 1882. p. 1 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Completing+the+Ticket&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1882-09-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F92117768%2Fcompleting-ticket%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+C.+Platt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/92117246/republican-convention/">"Republican National Convention"</a>. <i>The Buffalo Commercial</i>. Buffalo, NY. February 21, 1884. p. 4 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Buffalo+Commercial&rft.atitle=Republican+National+Convention&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1884-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F92117246%2Frepublican-convention%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+C.+Platt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn1922334–335-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn1922334–335_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunn1922">Dunn 1922</a>, pp. 334–335.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sepd-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sepd_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1906/11/15/101850777.pdf">Platts Have Separated; Formally Announce It</a>," <i>New York Times</i>, November 15, 1906, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Governor Hughes Praises Platt," <i>New York Call,</i> vol. 3, no. 67, March 8, 1910, p. 3.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_C._Platt&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunn1922" class="citation book cs1">Dunn, Arthur Wallace (1922). <i>From Harrison to Harding: A Personal Narrative, Covering a Third of a Century, 1888-1921</i>. Vol. 1. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Harrison+to+Harding%3A+A+Personal+Narrative%2C+Covering+a+Third+of+a+Century%2C+1888-1921&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=G.P.+Putnam%27s+Sons&rft.date=1922&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=Arthur+Wallace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+C.+Platt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>L. J. Lang (editor), <i>The Autobiography of Thomas Collier Platt</i>, (New York, 1910)</li> <li>Dictionary of American Biography;</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGosnell" class="citation book cs1">Gosnell, Harold Foote (1924). <i>Boss Platt and His New York Machine: A Study of the Political Leadership of Thomas C. Platt, Theodore Roosevelt, and Others</i>. The University of Chicago Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boss+Platt+and+His+New+York+Machine%3A+A+Study+of+the+Political+Leadership+of+Thomas+C.+Platt%2C+Theodore+Roosevelt%2C+and+Others&rft.pub=The+University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1924&rft.aulast=Gosnell&rft.aufirst=Harold+Foote&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+C.+Platt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>AMS Press, 1969; Platt, Thomas Collier. <i>The Autobiography of Thomas Collier Platt</i>. Edited by Louis J. Lang. 1910. Reprint. New York: Arno Press, 1974.</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> Texts on Wikisource: <ul><li>Carl Schurz, "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Harper%27s_Weekly_Editorials_by_Carl_Schurz/Wanted_%E2%80%94_A_Republican_Form_of_Government" class="extiw" title="s:Harper's Weekly Editorials by Carl Schurz/Wanted — A Republican Form of Government">Wanted — A Republican Form of Government</a>," <i>Harper's Weekly</i>, April 10, 1897.</li> <li>Carl Schurz, "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Harper%27s_Weekly_Editorials_by_Carl_Schurz/The_Right_to_Nominate" class="extiw" title="s:Harper's Weekly Editorials by Carl Schurz/The Right to Nominate">The Right to Nominate</a>," <i>Harper's Weekly</i>, July 3, 1897.</li> <li>Carl Schurz, "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Harper%27s_Weekly_Editorials_by_Carl_Schurz/Partisan_Municipal_Government" class="extiw" title="s:Harper's Weekly Editorials by Carl Schurz/Partisan Municipal Government">Partisan Municipal Government</a>," <i>Harper's Weekly</i>, July 31, 1897.</li> <li>Carl Schurz, "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Harper%27s_Weekly_Editorials_by_Carl_Schurz/Bossism_in_New_York" class="extiw" title="s:Harper's Weekly Editorials by Carl Schurz/Bossism in New York">Bossism in New York</a>," <i>Harper's Weekly</i>, November 13, 1897.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Appletons%27_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography/Platt,_Thomas_Collier" class="extiw" title="s:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Platt, Thomas Collier">Platt, Thomas Collier</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Appletons%27_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography" title="Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography">Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography</a></i>. 1900.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Platt%2C+Thomas+Collier&rft.btitle=Appletons%27+Cyclop%C3%A6dia+of+American+Biography&rft.date=1900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+C.+Platt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times/1901/08/01/Senator_Platt_Did_Not_Dine_with_Governor_Odell" class="extiw" title="s:The New York Times/1901/08/01/Senator Platt Did Not Dine with Governor Odell">Senator Platt Did Not Dine with Governor Odell</a>," <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, August 1, 1901.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Platt,_Thomas_Collier" class="extiw" title="s:The New International Encyclopædia/Platt, Thomas Collier">Platt, Thomas Collier</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i>. 1905.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Platt%2C+Thomas+Collier&rft.btitle=New+International+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+C.+Platt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Platt,_Thomas_Collier" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Platt, Thomas Collier">Platt, Thomas Collier</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Platt%2C+Thomas+Collier&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+C.+Platt" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressP000383" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=P000383">"Thomas C. Platt (id: P000383)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Thomas+C.+Platt+%28id%3A+P000383%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DP000383&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+C.+Platt" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_C._Platt&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Thomas_C._Platt" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Thomas C. Platt">Thomas C. Platt</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Horace_B._Smith" title="Horace B. Smith">Horace B. Smith</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_New_York" title="List of United States representatives from New York">U.S. House of Representatives</a> <br />from <span data-sort-value="New York27 !"><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_27th_congressional_district" title="New York's 27th congressional district">New York's 27th congressional district</a></span> </b><br />1873–1875 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Elbridge_G._Lapham" title="Elbridge G. Lapham">Elbridge G. Lapham</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Horace_B._Smith" title="Horace B. Smith">Horace B. Smith</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_New_York" title="List of United States representatives from New York">U.S. House of Representatives</a> <br />from <span data-sort-value="New York28 !"><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_28th_congressional_district" title="New York's 28th congressional district">New York's 28th congressional district</a></span> </b><br />1875–1877 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_W._Dwight" title="Jeremiah W. Dwight">Jeremiah W. Dwight</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Kernan" title="Francis Kernan">Francis Kernan</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_York" title="List of United States senators from New York"> U.S. senator (Class 1) from New York</a> </b><br />1881 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Roscoe_Conkling" title="Roscoe Conkling">Roscoe Conkling</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Warner_Miller" title="Warner Miller">Warner Miller</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/David_B._Hill" title="David B. Hill">David B. Hill</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_York" title="List of United States senators from New York"> U.S. senator (Class 3) from New York</a> </b><br />1897–1909 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Edward_Murphy_Jr." title="Edward Murphy Jr.">Edward Murphy Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chauncey_Depew" title="Chauncey Depew">Chauncey M. Depew</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Elihu_Root" title="Elihu Root">Elihu Root</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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senators from New York"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_senators_from_New_York" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_York" title="List of United States senators from New York">United States senators from New York</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Schuyler" title="Philip Schuyler">Schuyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Burr" title="Aaron Burr">Burr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Schuyler" title="Philip Schuyler">Schuyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sloss_Hobart" title="John Sloss Hobart">Hobart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_North" title="William North">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Watson_(New_York_politician)" title="James Watson (New York politician)">Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouverneur_Morris" title="Gouverneur Morris">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodorus_Bailey_(politician)" title="Theodorus Bailey (politician)">Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Armstrong_Jr." title="John Armstrong Jr.">Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Mitchill" title="Samuel L. Mitchill">Mitchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obadiah_German" title="Obadiah German">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Sanford" title="Nathan Sanford">Sanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Dudley" title="Charles E. Dudley">Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Tallmadge" title="Nathaniel P. Tallmadge">Tallmadge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_S._Dickinson" title="Daniel S. Dickinson">Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Fish" title="Hamilton Fish">Fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preston_King_(politician)" title="Preston King (politician)">P. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_D._Morgan" title="Edwin D. Morgan">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_Fenton" title="Reuben Fenton">Fenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Kernan" title="Francis Kernan">Kernan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Platt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Miller" title="Warner Miller">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Hiscock" title="Frank Hiscock">Hiscock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Murphy_Jr." title="Edward Murphy Jr.">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauncey_Depew" title="Chauncey Depew">Depew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._O%27Gorman" title="James A. O'Gorman">O'Gorman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Calder" title="William M. Calder">Calder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_S._Copeland" title="Royal S. Copeland">Copeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Mead" title="James M. Mead">Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Ives" title="Irving Ives">Ives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Keating" title="Kenneth Keating">Keating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Goodell" title="Charles Goodell">Goodell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Buckley" title="James L. Buckley">Buckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan" title="Daniel Patrick Moynihan">Moynihan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">H. Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirsten_Gillibrand" title="Kirsten Gillibrand">Gillibrand</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Senate"><img alt="United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_King" title="Rufus King">R. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Laurance" title="John Laurance">Laurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Armstrong_Jr." title="John Armstrong Jr.">Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton">D. Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Armstrong_Jr." title="John Armstrong Jr.">Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(New_York_politician,_born_1752)" title="John Smith (New York politician, born 1752)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_King" title="Rufus King">R. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Sanford" title="Nathan Sanford">Sanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Marcy" title="William L. Marcy">Marcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas_Wright" title="Silas Wright">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Foster" title="Henry A. Foster">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_Dix" title="John Adams Dix">Dix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Seward" title="William H. Seward">Seward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ira_Harris" title="Ira Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscoe_Conkling" title="Roscoe Conkling">Conkling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbridge_G._Lapham" title="Elbridge G. Lapham">Lapham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Evarts" title="William M. Evarts">Evarts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_B._Hill" title="David B. Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Platt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elihu_Root" title="Elihu Root">Root</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Wadsworth_Jr." title="James W. Wadsworth Jr.">Wadsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Wagner" title="Robert F. Wagner">Wagner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles">Dulles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_H._Lehman" title="Herbert H. Lehman">Lehman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Javits" title="Jacob Javits">Javits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_D%27Amato" title="Al D'Amato">D'Amato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Schumer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163894#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163894#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163894#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000023032276">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/40615671">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/6456/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJmtxbpMbk4jPJTfYpvJXd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1240720629">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50019932">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007432668805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=P000383">US Congress</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6rn3pvt">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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