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<span>Constitutional Convention</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constitutional_Convention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Later career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diplomat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diplomat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Diplomat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diplomat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-slavery_activity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-slavery_activity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Anti-slavery activity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-slavery_activity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Library" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Library"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Library</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Library-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_accomplishments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_accomplishments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Other accomplishments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_accomplishments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Family</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Family-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Family subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Descendants_and_relatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Descendants_and_relatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Descendants and relatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Descendants_and_relatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Works cited subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA" title="روفوس كينغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روفوس كينغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B3_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%82" title="روفس کینق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="روفس کینق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufus_King_(Politiker)" title="Rufus King (Politiker) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rufus King (Politiker)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufus_King" title="Rufus King – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rufus King" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufus_King" title="Rufus King – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rufus King" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B3_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" title="روفس کینگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روفس کینگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufus_King_(homme_politique)" title="Rufus King (homme politique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rufus King (homme politique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%ED%8D%BC%EC%8A%A4_%ED%82%B9" title="루퍼스 킹 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루퍼스 킹" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufus_King_(politico)" title="Rufus King (politico) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rufus King (politico)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92" title="רופוס קינג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רופוס קינג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufus_King" title="Rufus King – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Rufus King" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufus_King" title="Rufus King – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rufus King" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC" title="روفوس كينج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روفوس كينج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufus_King" title="Rufus King – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rufus King" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0_(%E9%80%A3%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E5%93%A1)" title="ルーファス・キング (連邦党員) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルーファス・キング (連邦党員)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B3_%DA%A9%DB%90%D9%86%DA%AB" title="روفس کېنګ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="روفس کېنګ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufus_King" title="Rufus King – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rufus King" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufus_King" title="Rufus King – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rufus King" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3,_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81" title="Кинг, Руфус – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кинг, Руфус" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufus_King" title="Rufus King – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rufus King" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufus_King" title="Rufus King – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rufus King" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Руфус Кінг – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Руфус Кінг" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E5%BC%97%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%87%91" title="鲁弗斯·金 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="鲁弗斯·金" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q456794#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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searchaux" style="display:none">American Founding Father (1755–1827)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Rufus_King_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Rufus King (disambiguation)">Rufus King (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/William_Rufus_King" class="mw-redirect" title="William Rufus King">William Rufus King</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Rufus King</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gilbert_Stuart_-_Portrait_of_Rufus_King_(1819-1820)_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Gilbert_Stuart_-_Portrait_of_Rufus_King_%281819-1820%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Gilbert_Stuart_-_Portrait_of_Rufus_King_%281819-1820%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Gilbert_Stuart_-_Portrait_of_Rufus_King_%281819-1820%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Gilbert_Stuart_-_Portrait_of_Rufus_King_%281819-1820%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Gilbert_Stuart_-_Portrait_of_Rufus_King_%281819-1820%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Gilbert_Stuart_-_Portrait_of_Rufus_King_%281819-1820%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3306" data-file-height="3971" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Stuart" title="Gilbert Stuart">Gilbert Stuart</a>, c. 1820</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1813 – March 3, 1825</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(New_York_politician,_born_1752)" title="John Smith (New York politician, born 1752)">John Smith</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Sanford" title="Nathan Sanford">Nathan Sanford</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />July 25, 1789 – May 23, 1796</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Seat established</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Laurance" title="John Laurance">John Laurance</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom">United States Minister to <span class="nowrap">the United Kingdom</span></a> </th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />November 11, 1825 – June 16, 1826</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Nominated by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rush" title="Richard Rush">Richard Rush</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Gallatin" title="Albert Gallatin">Albert Gallatin</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />July 27, 1796 – May 16, 1803</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Nominated by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a><br /><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pinckney" title="Thomas Pinckney">Thomas Pinckney</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1755-03-24</span>)</span>March 24, 1755<br /><a href="/wiki/Scarborough,_Maine" title="Scarborough, Maine">Scarborough</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay" title="Province of Massachusetts Bay">Province of Massachusetts Bay</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">April 29, 1827<span style="display:none">(1827-04-29)</span> (aged 72)<br /><a href="/wiki/Jamaica,_Queens" title="Jamaica, Queens">Jamaica</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Grace_Episcopal_Church_Complex_(Queens)" title="Grace Episcopal Church Complex (Queens)">Grace Episcopal Churchyard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Mary Alsop</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">10, including <a href="/wiki/James_G._King" title="James G. King">James</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_A._King" title="John A. King">John</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_King_(Columbia_University_president)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles King (Columbia University president)">Charles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_King_(Ohio_politician)" title="Edward King (Ohio politician)">Edward</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">Harvard College</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">AB</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rufus_king_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rufus King's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Rufus_king_signature.svg/128px-Rufus_king_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Rufus_king_signature.svg/192px-Rufus_king_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Rufus_king_signature.svg/256px-Rufus_king_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="579" data-file-height="206" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Rufus King</b> (March 24, 1755 – April 29, 1827) was an American <a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Father</a>, lawyer, politician, and diplomat. He was a delegate from <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Convention (United States)">Philadelphia Convention</a> and was one of the signers of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">United States Constitution</a> in 1787. After formation of the new <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a>, he represented <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a>. He emerged as a leading member of the <a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist Party</a> and was the party's last presidential nominee during the <a href="/wiki/1816_United_States_presidential_election" title="1816 United States presidential election">1816 presidential election</a>. </p><p>The son of a prosperous Massachusetts merchant, King studied law before he volunteered for the militia during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>. He won election to the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_General_Court" title="Massachusetts General Court">Massachusetts General Court</a> in 1783 and to the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Confederation" title="Congress of the Confederation">Congress of the Confederation</a> the following year. At the 1787 <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia Convention">Philadelphia Convention</a>, he emerged as a leading nationalist and called for increased powers for the federal government. After the convention, King returned to Massachusetts, where he used his influence to help ratify the Constitution. At the urging of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a>, he then abandoned his law practice and moved to <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. </p><p>He won election to represent New York in the United States Senate in 1789 and remained in office until 1796. That year, he accepted President <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>'s appointment to the position of <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to the United Kingdom">Minister</a> to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a>. Though King aligned with Hamilton's Federalist Party, the <a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican</a> President <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> retained King's services after Jefferson's victory in the <a href="/wiki/1800_United_States_presidential_election" title="1800 United States presidential election">1800 presidential election</a>. King served as the Federalist vice-presidential candidate in the <a href="/wiki/1804_United_States_presidential_election" title="1804 United States presidential election">1804</a> and <a href="/wiki/1808_United_States_presidential_election" title="1808 United States presidential election">1808 elections</a> and ran on an unsuccessful ticket with <a href="/wiki/Charles_Cotesworth_Pinckney" title="Charles Cotesworth Pinckney">Charles Cotesworth Pinckney</a> of South Carolina. Though most Federalists supported the Democratic-Republican <a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton">DeWitt Clinton</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1812_United_States_presidential_election" title="1812 United States presidential election">1812 presidential election</a>, King, without the support of his party, won the few votes of the Federalists who were unwilling to support Clinton's candidacy. In 1813, King returned to the Senate and remained in office until 1825. </p><p>King, the <i>de facto</i> Federalist nominee for president in 1816, lost in a landslide to <a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</a>. The Federalist Party became defunct at the national level after 1816, and King was the last presidential nominee whom the party fielded. Nonetheless, King was able to remain in the Senate until 1825, which made him the last Federalist senator because of a split in the New York Democratic-Republican Party. King then accepted President <a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a>'s appointment to serve another term as ambassador to Great Britain, but ill health forced King to retire from public life, and he died in 1827. King had five children who lived to adulthood, and he has had numerous notable descendants. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rufus_King&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>King was born on March 24, 1755, in <a href="/wiki/Scarborough,_Maine" title="Scarborough, Maine">Scarborough</a>, which was then part of Massachusetts but is now in <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Knopf_Doubleday_Publishing_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knopf_Doubleday_Publishing-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a son of Isabella (Bragdon) and Richard King, a prosperous farmer, merchant, lumberman, and sea captain<sup id="cite_ref-Knopf_Doubleday_Publishing_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knopf_Doubleday_Publishing-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who had settled at Dunstan Landing in Scarborough, near <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Maine" title="Portland, Maine">Portland, Maine</a>, and had made a modest fortune by the time Rufus was born. His financial success aroused the jealousy of his neighbors, and when the unpopular <a href="/wiki/Stamp_Act_1765" title="Stamp Act 1765">Stamp Act 1765</a> was imposed, a mob ransacked his house and destroyed most of the furniture. Nobody was punished, and the next year, the mob burned down his barn.<sup id="cite_ref-Ernst1–15_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ernst1–15-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a> once referred to that moment in discussing limitations of the "mob" for the Constitutional Convention and wrote a letter to his wife, <a href="/wiki/Abigail_Adams" title="Abigail Adams">Abigail</a>, in which he described the scene: </p> <blockquote><p>I am engaged in a famous Cause: The Cause of King, of Scarborough vs. a Mob, that broke into his House, and rifled his Papers, and terrifyed him, his Wife, Children and Servants in the Night. The Terror, and Distress, the Distraction and Horror of this Family cannot be described by Words or painted upon Canvass. It is enough to move a Statue, to melt an Heart of Stone, to read the Story....<sup id="cite_ref-Ernst1–15_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ernst1–15-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Richard King was a <a href="/wiki/Loyalist_(American_Revolution)" title="Loyalist (American Revolution)">Loyalist</a> during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>, but all his sons became <a href="/wiki/Patriot_(American_Revolution)" title="Patriot (American Revolution)">Patriots</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ernst1–15_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ernst1–15-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_early_career">Education and early career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rufus_King&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Education and early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>King attended Dummer Academy (now <a href="/wiki/The_Governor%27s_Academy" title="The Governor's Academy">The Governor's Academy</a>) at the age of twelve in South Byfield, Massachusetts.<sup id="cite_ref-Archives.gov_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archives.gov-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, he attended <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard College</a>, where he graduated in 1777.<sup id="cite_ref-Steven_E._Siry_2000_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steven_E._Siry_2000-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He began to <a href="/wiki/Reading_law" title="Reading law">read law</a> under <a href="/wiki/Theophilus_Parsons" title="Theophilus Parsons">Theophilus Parsons</a>, but his studies were interrupted in 1778, when King volunteered for <a href="/wiki/Militia_(United_States)" title="Militia (United States)">militia</a> duty during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>. Appointed a major, he served as an aide to General <a href="/wiki/John_Sullivan_(general)" title="John Sullivan (general)">John Sullivan</a><sup id="cite_ref-Archives.gov_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archives.gov-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rhode_Island" title="Battle of Rhode Island">Battle of Rhode Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Steven_E._Siry_2000_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steven_E._Siry_2000-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the campaign, King returned to his apprenticeship under Parsons. He was admitted to the bar in 1780 and began a legal practice in <a href="/wiki/Newburyport,_Massachusetts" title="Newburyport, Massachusetts">Newburyport, Massachusetts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Archives.gov_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archives.gov-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Purvis214_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Purvis214-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rufus_King&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Constitutional_Convention">Constitutional Convention</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rufus_King&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Constitutional Convention"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>King was first elected to the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_General_Court" title="Massachusetts General Court">Massachusetts General Court</a> in 1783 and returned there yearly until 1785. Massachusetts sent him to the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Confederation" title="Congress of the Confederation">Confederation Congress</a> from 1784 to 1787.<sup id="cite_ref-Archives.gov_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archives.gov-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KING,_Rufus,_1755–1827_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KING,_Rufus,_1755–1827-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was one of the youngest men at the conference. </p><p>In 1787, King was sent to the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Convention (United States)">Constitutional Convention</a>, which was held in Philadelphia. Despite his youthful stature, King held a significant position at the convention since "he numbered among the most capable orators." Along with James Madison, "he became a leading figure in the nationalist causes." Furthermore, he attended every session. King's major involvements included serving on the Committee on Postponed Matters and the Committee of Style and Arrangement.<sup id="cite_ref-Archives.gov_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archives.gov-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although when he came to the convention, he was still unconvinced that major changes should be made in the <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a>, his views underwent a startling transformation over the debates.<sup id="cite_ref-Archives.gov_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archives.gov-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He worked with Chairman <a href="/wiki/William_Samuel_Johnson" title="William Samuel Johnson">William Samuel Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gouverneur_Morris" title="Gouverneur Morris">Gouverneur Morris</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a> on the Committee of Style and Arrangement to prepare a final draft of the U.S. Constitution. King was one of the most prominent delegates namely because of playing "a major role in the laborious crafting of the fundamental governing character."<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_Publishing_Group_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood_Publishing_Group-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Constitution was signed on September 17 but needed to be ratified by the states.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_Publishing_Group_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood_Publishing_Group-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After signing the Constitution, he returned home. He went to work to get the Constitution ratified and unsuccessfully positioned himself to be named to the U.S. Senate.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_Publishing_Group_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood_Publishing_Group-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ratification passed by the narrow margin of 187–168.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_Publishing_Group_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood_Publishing_Group-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the ratification passed, Massachusetts became the sixth state to ratify the constitution in early February 1788.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_Publishing_Group_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood_Publishing_Group-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>King was indirectly responsible for the passing of this ratification because his "learned, informative, and persuasive speeches" convinced a "popular, vain merchant and prince-turned-politicians to abandon his anti-federalism and approve the new organic law."<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_Publishing_Group_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood_Publishing_Group-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_career">Later career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rufus_King&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After his early political experiences during the Constitutional Convention, King decided to switch his vocational calling by "[abandoning] his law practice [in 1788], [and] moved from the Bay State to Gotham, and entered the New York political forum."<sup id="cite_ref-Archives.gov_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archives.gov-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Hamilton's urging, King moved to New York City and was elected to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Assembly" title="New York State Assembly">New York State Assembly</a> in 1789.<sup id="cite_ref-KING,_Rufus,_1755–1827_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KING,_Rufus,_1755–1827-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly afterwards, he was elected as <a href="/wiki/1789_United_States_Senate_elections_in_New_York" title="1789 United States Senate elections in New York">Senator from New York</a> and was re-elected in <a href="/wiki/1795_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="1795 United States Senate election in New York">1795</a>. King declined an appointment as Secretary of State to succeed <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Randolph" title="Edmund Randolph">Edmund Randolph</a>. In 1795, King helped Hamilton defend the controversial <a href="/wiki/Jay_Treaty" title="Jay Treaty">Jay Treaty</a> by writing pieces for New York newspapers under the pseudonym "Camillus." Of the 38 installments in the series, King wrote nine numbers 23–30, 34, and 35, in which he discussed the treaty's maritime and commercial aspects.<sup id="cite_ref-Ernst1–15_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ernst1–15-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was re-elected in 1795 but resigned on May 23, 1796, after he had been appointed U.S. Minister by George Washington to Great Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-Archives.gov_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archives.gov-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KING,_Rufus,_1755–1827_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KING,_Rufus,_1755–1827-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_Publishing_Group_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood_Publishing_Group-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Skey_Eustace" title="John Skey Eustace">John Skey Eustace</a> was angry at King, when he was ordered to leave the country and published an offensive pamphlet.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even though King was an outspoken Federalist politically, President Thomas Jefferson, upon his elevation to the presidency, refused to recall him. In 1803, King voluntarily relinquished his position.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_Publishing_Group_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood_Publishing_Group-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>King then returned to elected politics, for a long time with little success, but he later returned to the Senate. In April 1804, King ran unsuccessfully for the <a href="/wiki/November_1804_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_New_York" title="November 1804 United States Senate special election in New York">Senate from New York</a>. Later that year and again in 1808, King and another signer of the Constitution, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, were candidates for vice president and president, respectively, fronting a Federalist Party in decline. Accordingly, they had no realistic chance against the Democratic-Republican Thomas Jefferson, and they received only 27.2% of the popular vote and lost by 45.6%, marking the highest recess in presidential election history. In 1808, both candidates were nominated again and lost against James Madison, gaining 32.4% of the popular vote.<sup id="cite_ref-Archives.gov_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archives.gov-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 1812, the unpopular <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a> against Great Britain helped the opposing Federalists to regain their reputation, King led an effort at the Federalist Party caucus to nominate a ticket for the presidential election that year, but the effort failed, as the Democratic-Republican DeWitt Clinton had the best chances to defeat his fellow party member Madison, which made the Federalists field no candidate. However, some sought to make King the nominee to have a candidate under the Federalist banner on the ballot, and though little came of it, he finished third in the popular vote, with approximately 2% of the total. Shortly thereafter, King celebrated his first success after ten years by being elected to his "second tenure on Senate" in 1813.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_Publishing_Group_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood_Publishing_Group-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 1816, he <a href="/wiki/1816_New_York_gubernatorial_election" title="1816 New York gubernatorial election">ran for governor</a> of New York but lost to <a href="/wiki/Daniel_D._Tompkins" title="Daniel D. Tompkins">Daniel D. Tompkins</a>. In the fall of that year, he became the informal presidential nominee for the Federalist Party, as it did not meet for any convention. He received only 30.9% of the popular vote and lost again, this time to <a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</a>, whose running mate, coincidentally, was Tompkins.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_Publishing_Group_9-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood_Publishing_Group-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> King was the last presidential candidate by the Federalists before their collapse. </p><p>When he ran for re-election to the Senate in <a href="/wiki/1819%E2%80%931820_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="1819–1820 United States Senate election in New York">1819</a>, he ran as a Federalist even though the party was already disbanding and had only a small minority in the New York State Legislature. However, because of the split of the Democratic-Republicans, no successor was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1819, and the seat remained vacant until January 1820. Trying to attract the former Federalist voters to their side at the next gubernatorial election in April 1820, both factions of the Democratic-Republican Party supported King, who served another term in the U.S. Senate until March 3, 1825. The Federalist Party had already ceased to exist on the federal stage. During King's second tenure in the Senate, he continued his career as an opponent of slavery, which he denounced as anathema to the principles underlying the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a> and the Constitution. In what is considered the greatest speech of his career, he spoke against admitting <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a> as a slave state in 1820. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diplomat">Diplomat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rufus_King&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Diplomat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rufus_King_Minister_Britain_(JQA).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Rufus_King_Minister_Britain_%28JQA%29.JPG/220px-Rufus_King_Minister_Britain_%28JQA%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Rufus_King_Minister_Britain_%28JQA%29.JPG/330px-Rufus_King_Minister_Britain_%28JQA%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Rufus_King_Minister_Britain_%28JQA%29.JPG/440px-Rufus_King_Minister_Britain_%28JQA%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>King's 1825 nomination to be minister to Great Britain</figcaption></figure> <p>King played a major diplomatic role as minister to the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_St_James%27s" title="Court of St James's">Court of St James's</a> from 1796 to 1803 and again from 1825 to 1826.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_Publishing_Group_9-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood_Publishing_Group-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although he was a leading Federalist, Thomas Jefferson kept him in office until King asked to be relieved.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_Publishing_Group_9-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood_Publishing_Group-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some prominent accomplishments that King had from his time as a national diplomat include a term of friendly relations with Great Britain and the United States, at least until it became hostile in 1805.<sup id="cite_ref-Archives.gov_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archives.gov-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With that in mind, he successfully reached a compromise on the passing of the Jay Treaty and was an avid supporter of it.<sup id="cite_ref-Archives.gov_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archives.gov-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>King was outspoken against potential Irish immigration to the United States in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1798" title="Irish Rebellion of 1798">Irish Rebellion of 1798</a>. In a September 13, 1798, letter to the <a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish-Bentinck,_3rd_Duke_of_Portland" title="William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland">Duke of Portland</a>, King said of potential Irish refugees, "I certainly do not think they will be a desirable acquisition to any Nation, but in none would they be likely to prove more mischievous than in mine, where from the sameness of language and similarity of Laws and Institutions they have greater opportunities of propagating their principles than in any other Country."<sup id="cite_ref-Ernst1–15_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ernst1–15-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, while in Britain, King was in close personal contact with the South American revolutionary <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Miranda" title="Francisco de Miranda">Francisco de Miranda</a> and facilitated Miranda's trip to the United States in search of support for his failed 1806 expedition to <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>. </p><p>Soon after his second term in the Senate ended, King was appointed minister to Great Britain again, this time by U.S. President <a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a>. However, he was forced to return home a few months later because of his failing health. He then retired from public life.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_Publishing_Group_9-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood_Publishing_Group-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adams initially offered the role to New York Governor <a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton">DeWitt Clinton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHowe2007246_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHowe2007246-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anti-slavery_activity">Anti-slavery activity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rufus_King&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Anti-slavery activity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rufus_King_by_Peale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Rufus_King_by_Peale.jpg/220px-Rufus_King_by_Peale.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Rufus_King_by_Peale.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="418" /></a><figcaption> Oil painting of King by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Willson_Peale" title="Charles Willson Peale">Charles Willson Peale</a> (1818)</figcaption></figure> <p>Though King had been a slaveholder as a young man, he became a prominent opponent of slavery.<sup id="cite_ref-WaPo_012022_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPo_012022-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> King had a long history of opposition to the expansion of slavery and the slave trade. That stand was a product of moral conviction, which coincided with the political realities of New England Federalists. While in Congress, he successfully added provisions to the 1787 <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Ordinance" title="Northwest Ordinance">Northwest Ordinance</a> that barred the extension of slavery into the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territory" title="Northwest Territory">Northwest Territory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Purvis214_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Purvis214-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, he also said he was willing "to suffer the continuance of slaves until they can be gradually emancipated in states already overrun with them." He referred to slavery as a "nefarious institution."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1817, he supported Senate action to abolish the domestic slave trade, and in 1819, he spoke strongly for the anti-slavery amendment to the Missouri statehood bill. In 1819, his arguments were political, economic, and humanitarian. The extension of slavery would adversely affect the security of the principles of freedom and liberty. After the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Compromise" title="Missouri Compromise">Missouri Compromise</a>, he continued to support gradual emancipation in various ways.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1821, he fought against attempts to include a discriminatory clause in New York's Constitution that aimed to restrict suffrage on racial grounds, arguing that such a restriction was unconstitutional.<sup id="cite_ref-Ernst1–15_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ernst1–15-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Library">Library</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rufus_King&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Library"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rufus_King_Manor_museum_library_20190406_101154_bw.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Rufus_King_Manor_museum_library_20190406_101154_bw.jpg/220px-Rufus_King_Manor_museum_library_20190406_101154_bw.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Rufus_King_Manor_museum_library_20190406_101154_bw.jpg/330px-Rufus_King_Manor_museum_library_20190406_101154_bw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Rufus_King_Manor_museum_library_20190406_101154_bw.jpg/440px-Rufus_King_Manor_museum_library_20190406_101154_bw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Statue of King in <a href="/wiki/King_Manor" title="King Manor">his Jamaica, Queens, library</a></figcaption></figure> <p>At the time of his death in 1827, King had a library of roughly 2,200 titles in 3,500 volumes. In addition, King had roughly 200 bound volumes containing thousands of pamphlets. King's son John Alsop King inherited the library and kept it in <a href="/wiki/Jamaica,_Queens" title="Jamaica, Queens">Jamaica, Queens</a>, until his death in 1867. The books then went to John's son, Dr. Charles Ray King, of <a href="/wiki/Bucks_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Bucks County, Pennsylvania">Bucks County, Pennsylvania</a>. They remained in Pennsylvania until they were donated to the <a href="/wiki/New-York_Historical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="New-York Historical Society">New-York Historical Society</a> in 1906, where most of them currently reside. Some books have extensive <a href="/wiki/Marginalia" title="Marginalia">marginalia</a>. In addition, six commonplace books survive in his papers at the New York Historical Society. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_accomplishments">Other accomplishments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rufus_King&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other accomplishments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In his lifetime, King was an avid supporter of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a> and his fiscal programs and became a director of the Hamilton-sponsored <a href="/wiki/First_Bank_of_the_United_States" title="First Bank of the United States">First Bank of the United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Archives.gov_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archives.gov-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_Publishing_Group_9-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood_Publishing_Group-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among other prominent things that occurred in his life, King was first elected a fellow of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> in 1805<sup id="cite_ref-AAAS_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAAS-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was elected a member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society" title="American Antiquarian Society">American Antiquarian Society</a> in 1814.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contrary to his previous position on the national bank of the United States, King found himself denying the reopening of a <a href="/wiki/Second_Bank_of_the_United_States" title="Second Bank of the United States">Second Bank of the United States</a> in 1816.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_Publishing_Group_9-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood_Publishing_Group-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1822, he was admitted as an honorary member of the New York <a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Cincinnati" title="Society of the Cincinnati">Society of the Cincinnati</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rufus_King&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Rufus_King.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Coat_of_Arms_of_Rufus_King.svg/175px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Rufus_King.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Coat_of_Arms_of_Rufus_King.svg/263px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Rufus_King.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Coat_of_Arms_of_Rufus_King.svg/350px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Rufus_King.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="395" data-file-height="515" /></a><figcaption>Coat of Arms of Rufus King</figcaption></figure> <p>Many of King's family were also involved in politics, and he had numerous prominent descendants. His brother <a href="/wiki/William_King_(governor)" title="William King (governor)">William King</a> was the first governor of Maine and a prominent merchant, and his other brother, <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_King" title="Cyrus King">Cyrus King</a>, was a <a href="/wiki/U.S._Representative" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Representative">U.S. Representative</a> from Massachusetts. </p><p>His wife, Mary Alsop, was born in New York on October 17, 1769, and died in Jamaica, New York, on June 5, 1819. She was the only daughter of <a href="/wiki/John_Alsop" title="John Alsop">John Alsop</a>, a wealthy merchant and a delegate for New York to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1776.<sup id="cite_ref-Rrowman_&_Littlefield_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rrowman_&_Littlefield-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was a great-niece of Governor <a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">John Winthrop</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a>. She married King in New York City on March 30, 1786.<sup id="cite_ref-Rrowman_&_Littlefield_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rrowman_&_Littlefield-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mrs._Rufus_King,_(Mary_Alsop)_(NYPL_Hades-254212-EM13199)_(cropped).tiff" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Mrs._Rufus_King%2C_%28Mary_Alsop%29_%28NYPL_Hades-254212-EM13199%29_%28cropped%29.tiff/lossy-page1-220px-Mrs._Rufus_King%2C_%28Mary_Alsop%29_%28NYPL_Hades-254212-EM13199%29_%28cropped%29.tiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Mrs._Rufus_King%2C_%28Mary_Alsop%29_%28NYPL_Hades-254212-EM13199%29_%28cropped%29.tiff/lossy-page1-330px-Mrs._Rufus_King%2C_%28Mary_Alsop%29_%28NYPL_Hades-254212-EM13199%29_%28cropped%29.tiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Mrs._Rufus_King%2C_%28Mary_Alsop%29_%28NYPL_Hades-254212-EM13199%29_%28cropped%29.tiff/lossy-page1-440px-Mrs._Rufus_King%2C_%28Mary_Alsop%29_%28NYPL_Hades-254212-EM13199%29_%28cropped%29.tiff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2381" data-file-height="3229" /></a><figcaption>Mrs. Rufus King, (Mary Alsop)</figcaption></figure> <p>Mary King was a lady of remarkable beauty, gentle and gracious manners, and well cultivated mind, and adorned the high station, both in England and at home, that her husband's official positions and their own social relations entitled them to occupy.<sup id="cite_ref-Rrowman_&_Littlefield_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rrowman_&_Littlefield-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A King family member once wrote to their wife of her beauty and personality: "Tell Betsy King [Rufus's half-sister] her sister is a beauty. She is vastly the best looking woman I have seen since I have been in this city.... She is a good hearted woman, and, I think, possesses all that Benevolence and kind, friendly disposition, that never fail to find respectable admirers."<sup id="cite_ref-Rrowman_&_Littlefield_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rrowman_&_Littlefield-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her "remarkable beauty" and "well cultivated manner" seemed to help the Kings in the type of lifestyle in which they lived, one in which the Kings found themselves in "fashionable circles and entertained frequently... (potentially helped by how "[Mrs. King] was widely admired in New York society; her retiring nature set her apart.").<sup id="cite_ref-Rrowman_&_Littlefield_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rrowman_&_Littlefield-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kings had seven children, of which five managed to live to adulthood.<sup id="cite_ref-Rrowman_&_Littlefield_17-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rrowman_&_Littlefield-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On June 5, 1819, Mrs. King died. "She was buried in the old churchyard of Grace Church." Rufus King remarked on her death regarding his wife, "The example of her life is worthy of the imitation of us all."<sup id="cite_ref-Rrowman_&_Littlefield_17-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rrowman_&_Littlefield-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rufus King died on April 29, 1827, and his funeral was held at his New York home in <a href="/wiki/Jamaica,_Queens" title="Jamaica, Queens">Jamaica, Queens</a>. He is buried in the <a href="/wiki/Grace_Episcopal_Church_Complex_(Queens)" title="Grace Episcopal Church Complex (Queens)">Grace Church Cemetery</a>, in Jamaica, Queens.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The home that King purchased in 1805 and expanded thereafter and some of his farm make up King Park in Queens. The home, called <a href="/wiki/King_Manor" title="King Manor">King Manor</a>, is now a museum open to the public. The Rufus King School, also known as P.S. 26, in <a href="/wiki/Fresh_Meadows,_Queens" title="Fresh Meadows, Queens">Fresh Meadows, New York</a>, was named after King, as was the Rufus King Hall on the City University of New York <a href="/wiki/Queens_College,_City_University_of_New_York" title="Queens College, City University of New York">Queens College</a> campus and King Street<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison, Wisconsin</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rufus_King_Gravesite.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Rufus_King_Gravesite.jpg/220px-Rufus_King_Gravesite.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Rufus_King_Gravesite.jpg/330px-Rufus_King_Gravesite.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Rufus_King_Gravesite.jpg/440px-Rufus_King_Gravesite.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1859" data-file-height="2744" /></a><figcaption>The gravesite of Rufus King</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Descendants_and_relatives">Descendants and relatives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rufus_King&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Descendants and relatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Rufus_King" title="Special:EditPage/Rufus King">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Rufus King's descendants and relatives number in the thousands today. Some of his notable descendants include the following: </p> <ul><li>Dr. <a href="/wiki/C._Loring_Brace" title="C. Loring Brace">C. Loring Brace</a> IV was a noted biological anthropologist.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Warner_Brace" title="Gerald Warner Brace">Gerald Warner Brace</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1901–1978) was an American writer, educator, sailor, and boat builder.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Loring_Brace" title="Charles Loring Brace">Charles Loring Brace</a> (1826–1890) was a philanthropist and was most renowned for founding the <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Aid_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Children's Aid Society">Children's Aid Society</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolcott_Gibbs" title="Wolcott Gibbs">Wolcott Gibbs</a> was an American editor, humorist, theater critic, playwright, and author of short stories.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Gracie_III" title="Archibald Gracie III">Archibald Gracie III</a> was a career <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> officer, businessman, and a graduate of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy">West Point</a>. He is well known for being a <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Army" title="Confederate States Army">Confederate</a> <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_General_(CSA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigadier General (CSA)">brigadier general</a> during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> and for his death during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Petersburg" title="Siege of Petersburg">Siege of Petersburg</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Gracie_IV" title="Archibald Gracie IV">Archibald Gracie IV</a> was an American writer, amateur historian, real estate investor, and survivor of the sinking of the <a href="/wiki/RMS_Titanic" class="mw-redirect" title="RMS Titanic">RMS <i>Titanic</i></a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_admiral_(United_States)" title="Fleet admiral (United States)">Fleet Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Halsey_Jr." title="William Halsey Jr.">William Frederick Halsey Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_Beecher_Hooker" title="Isabella Beecher Hooker">Isabella Beecher Hooker</a> (1822–1907) was a leader in the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Women's suffrage in the United States">women's suffrage</a> movement and an author.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_King_(Columbia_University_president)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles King (Columbia University president)">Charles King (academic)</a> was an American academic, politician, and newspaper editor and the ninth president of Columbia College (now <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_King_(general)" title="Charles King (general)">Charles King</a> was a United States soldier and a distinguished writer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_G._King" title="James G. King">James G. King</a> was an American businessman and Whig Party politician who represented <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="New Jersey's 5th congressional district">New Jersey's 5th congressional district</a> in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a>. His daughter, Frederika Gore King, married <a href="/wiki/Bancroft_Davis" title="Bancroft Davis">Bancroft Davis</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Alsop_King" class="mw-redirect" title="John Alsop King">John Alsop King</a> was an American politician who served as governor (1857–1859) of New York.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_King_(general)" title="Rufus King (general)">Rufus King</a> was a newspaper editor, educator, U.S. diplomat, and Union brigadier general during the American Civil War.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_King_Jr." title="Rufus King Jr.">Rufus King Jr.</a> was an artillery officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War and a <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a> recipient.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_G._King_III" title="Rufus G. King III"> Rufus Gunn King III</a> was the chief judge of the <a href="/wiki/Superior_Court_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Superior Court of the District of Columbia">Superior Court of the District of Columbia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Duer_Miller" title="Alice Duer Miller">Alice Duer Miller</a> was an American writer and poet.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halsey_Minor" title="Halsey Minor">Halsey Minor</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a technology entrepreneur who founded <a href="/wiki/CNET" title="CNET">CNET</a> in 1993.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Alsop_King_Waddington" title="Mary Alsop King Waddington">Mary Alsop King Waddington</a> was an American author.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rufus_King&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_political_appointments_that_crossed_party_lines" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States political appointments that crossed party lines">List of United States political appointments that crossed party lines</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rufus_King&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Knopf_Doubleday_Publishing-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Knopf_Doubleday_Publishing_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Knopf_Doubleday_Publishing_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDos_Passos2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Dos_Passos" title="John Dos Passos">Dos Passos, John</a> (2011). <i>The Men Who Made the Nation: Architects of the Young Republic 1782–1802</i>. New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing. p. 480.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Men+Who+Made+the+Nation%3A+Architects+of+the+Young+Republic+1782%E2%80%931802&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=480&rft.pub=Knopf+Doubleday+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Dos+Passos&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARufus+King" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ernst1–15-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ernst1–15_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ernst1–15_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ernst1–15_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ernst1–15_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ernst1–15_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ernst1–15_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErnst1968" class="citation book cs1">Ernst, Robert (1968). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rufuskingamerica0000erns"><i>Rufus King: American Federalist</i></a></span>. University of North Carolina Press. pp. 1–15, 209, 263, 377–378. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/284601">284601</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rufus+King%3A+American+Federalist&rft.pages=1-15%2C+209%2C+263%2C+377-378&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F284601&rft.aulast=Ernst&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frufuskingamerica0000erns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARufus+King" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams1774" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">Adams, John</a> (July 7, 1774). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Adams/04-01-02-0088">"John Adams to Abigail Adams, 7 July 1774"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Web)</span>. <i>Founders Online</i>. National Archives and Records Administration<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Founders+Online&rft.atitle=John+Adams+to+Abigail+Adams%2C+7+July+1774&rft.date=1774-07-07&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffounders.archives.gov%2Fdocuments%2FAdams%2F04-01-02-0088&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARufus+King" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Archives.gov-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Archives.gov_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Archives.gov_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Archives.gov_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Archives.gov_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Archives.gov_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Archives.gov_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Archives.gov_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Archives.gov_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Archives.gov_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Archives.gov_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Archives.gov_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Archives.gov_4-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution_founding_fathers_massachusetts.html">"The Founding Fathers: Massachusetts"</a>. <i>The Charters of Freedom</i>. Archives.gov<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Charters+of+Freedom&rft.atitle=The+Founding+Fathers%3A+Massachusetts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Fexhibits%2Fcharters%2Fconstitution_founding_fathers_massachusetts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARufus+King" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Steven_E._Siry_2000-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Steven_E._Siry_2000_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Steven_E._Siry_2000_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Siry, Steven E. (February 2000), "King, Rufus"; <i><a href="/wiki/American_National_Biography_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="American National Biography Online">American National Biography Online</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVinci,_John2008" class="citation web cs1">Vinci, John (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.colonialhall.com/king/king.php">"Biography of Rufus King"</a>. Colonialhall.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biography+of+Rufus+King&rft.pub=Colonialhall.com&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Vinci%2C+John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.colonialhall.com%2Fking%2Fking.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARufus+King" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Purvis214-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Purvis214_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Purvis214_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPurvis1997" class="citation book cs1">Purvis, Thomas L. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=556-YcjJYhkC&pg=PA214"><i>A Dictionary of American History</i></a>. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 214. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57718-099-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57718-099-9"><bdi>978-1-57718-099-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+American+History&rft.pages=214&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-57718-099-9&rft.aulast=Purvis&rft.aufirst=Thomas+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D556-YcjJYhkC%26pg%3DPA214&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARufus+King" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KING,_Rufus,_1755–1827-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KING,_Rufus,_1755–1827_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KING,_Rufus,_1755–1827_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KING,_Rufus,_1755–1827_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=k000212">"King, Rufus, (1755–1827)"</a>. <i>Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=King%2C+Rufus%2C+%281755%E2%80%931827%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3Dk000212&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARufus+King" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood_Publishing_Group-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_Publishing_Group_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_Publishing_Group_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_Publishing_Group_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_Publishing_Group_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_Publishing_Group_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_Publishing_Group_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_Publishing_Group_9-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_Publishing_Group_9-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_Publishing_Group_9-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_Publishing_Group_9-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_Publishing_Group_9-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_Publishing_Group_9-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_Publishing_Group_9-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_Publishing_Group_9-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_Publishing_Group_9-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorton2006" class="citation book cs1">Morton, Joseph C. 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This is who they were, and how they shaped the nation"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 30,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=More+than+1%2C700+congressmen+once+enslaved+Black+people.+This+is+who+they+were%2C+and+how+they+shaped+the+nation.&rft.date=2022-01-20&rft.aulast=Weil&rft.aufirst=Julie+Zauzmer&rft.au=Blanco%2C+Adrian&rft.au=Dominguez%2C+Leo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fhistory%2Finteractive%2F2022%2Fcongress-slaveowners-names-list%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARufus+King" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A Question of Freedom: The Families Who Challenged Slavery from the Nation’s Founding to the Civil War by William G. Thomas p. 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arbena, Joseph L. "Politics or Principle? Rufus King and the Opposition to Slavery, 1785–1825." <i>Essex Institute Historical Collections</i> (1965) 101(1): 56–77. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0014-0953">0014-0953</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AAAS-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AAAS_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterK.pdf">"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter K"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. American Academy of Arts and Sciences<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Book+of+Members%2C+1780%E2%80%932010%3A+Chapter+K&rft.pub=American+Academy+of+Arts+and+Sciences&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fpublications%2FBookofMembers%2FChapterK.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARufus+King" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanantiquarian.org/memberlistk">American Antiquarian Society Members Directory</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rrowman_&_Littlefield-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rrowman_&_Littlefield_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rrowman_&_Littlefield_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rrowman_&_Littlefield_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rrowman_&_Littlefield_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rrowman_&_Littlefield_17-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rrowman_&_Littlefield_17-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rrowman_&_Littlefield_17-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKenney2012" class="citation book cs1">McKenney, Janice E. (2012). <i>Women of the Constitution: Wives of the Signers</i>. Lanham: Rrowman & Littlefield. pp. 98, 100.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+of+the+Constitution%3A+Wives+of+the+Signers&rft.place=Lanham&rft.pages=98%2C+100&rft.pub=Rrowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=McKenney&rft.aufirst=Janice+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARufus+King" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theclio.com/web/taketour?id=440&stop=3">theclio</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2022">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWisconsin_Historical_Society2011" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Historical_Society" title="Wisconsin Historical Society">Wisconsin Historical Society</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060423205749/http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/odd/archives/002071.asp">"Origins of Madison Street Names"</a>. Wisconsinhistory.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/odd/archives/002071.asp">the original</a> on April 23, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Origins+of+Madison+Street+Names&rft.pub=Wisconsinhistory.org&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Wisconsin+Historical+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wisconsinhistory.org%2Fodd%2Farchives%2F002071.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARufus+King" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1872/10/22/83212035.pdf">"Obituary of John P. Brace"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>New York Times</i>. October 22, 1872.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Obituary+of+John+P.+Brace&rft.date=1872-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1872%2F10%2F22%2F83212035.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARufus+King" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.readthehook.com/stories/2008/11/27/COVER-amalg.aspx">Halsey Minor</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100109044512/http://www.readthehook.com/stories/2008/11/27/cover-amalg.aspx">Archived</a> January 9, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Read the Hook November 27, 2008</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rufus_King&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHowe2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Walker_Howe" title="Daniel Walker Howe">Howe, Daniel</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whathathgodwroug0000howe_j9v1"><i>What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815–1848</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-507894-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-507894-7"><bdi>978-0-19-507894-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Hath+God+Wrought%3A+The+Transformation+of+America%2C+1815%E2%80%931848&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-507894-7&rft.aulast=Howe&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhathathgodwroug0000howe_j9v1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARufus+King" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rufus_King&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/King,_Rufus" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/King, Rufus">King, Rufus</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=King%2C+Rufus&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARufus+King" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Brush, Edward Hale. <i>Rufus King and His Times</i>. New York: Nicholas L. Brown, 1926.</li> <li>King, Charles R. <i>The Life and Correspondence of Rufus King</i>, 4 vol. 1893–1897.</li> <li>Perkins, Bradford. <i>The First Rapprochement: England and the United States, 1795–1805</i>. University of California Press, 1967.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rufus_King&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dlib.nyu.edu/findingaids/html/nyhs/kingfamily/index.html">The King Family Papers at the New York Historical Society</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dlib.nyu.edu/findingaids/html/nyhs/king/">The Rufus King Papers at the New York Historical Society</a></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressK000212" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=K000212">"Rufus King (id: K000212)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Rufus+King+%28id%3A+K000212%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DK000212&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARufus+King" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kingmanor.org">King Manor Museum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040318120257/http://www.historichousetrust.org/museum.php?msmid=5">Historic House Trust of New York, King Manor Museum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110202214223/http://elections.lib.tufts.edu/aas_portal/index.xq">A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100527221635/http://www.gpoaccess.gov/serialset/cdocuments/hd108-222/1st.pdf">The members of the 1st United States Congress</a> (took seat on July 25, 1789)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100707061856/http://www.gpoaccess.gov/serialset/cdocuments/hd108-222/4th.pdf">The members of the 4th United States Congress</a> (resigned on May 23, 1796)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Offices_and_distinctions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Offices_and_distinctions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Offices and distinctions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New seat</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Senators from New York">U.S. Senator (Class 3) from New York</a> </b><br />1789–1796 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Philip_Schuyler" title="Philip Schuyler">Philip Schuyler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Burr" title="Aaron Burr">Aaron Burr</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Laurance" title="John Laurance">John Laurance</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(New_York_politician,_born_1752)" title="John Smith (New York politician, born 1752)">John Smith</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Senators from New York">U.S. Senator (Class 3) from New York</a> </b><br />1813–1819 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Obadiah_German" title="Obadiah German">Obadiah German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Sanford" title="Nathan Sanford">Nathan Sanford</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Senators from New York">U.S. Senator (Class 3) from New York</a> </b><br />1820–1825 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Sanford" title="Nathan Sanford">Nathan Sanford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Sanford" title="Nathan Sanford">Nathan Sanford</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_Barbour" title="James Barbour">James Barbour</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Foreign_Relations" title="United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations">Senate Foreign Relations Committee</a> </b><br />1821–1822 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_Barbour" title="James Barbour">James Barbour</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FACEFF;">Diplomatic posts </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pinckney" title="Thomas Pinckney">Thomas Pinckney</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom">United States Minister to the United Kingdom</a><br />United States Minister to Great Britain </b><br />1796–1803 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rush" title="Richard Rush">Richard Rush</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom">United States Envoy to the United Kingdom</a> </b><br />1826–1826 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Gallatin" title="Albert Gallatin">Albert Gallatin</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cotesworth_Pinckney" title="Charles Cotesworth Pinckney">Charles Cotesworth Pinckney</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1804_United_States_presidential_election" title="1804 United States presidential election">1804</a>, <a href="/wiki/1808_United_States_presidential_election" title="1808 United States presidential election">1808</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jared_Ingersoll" title="Jared Ingersoll">Jared Ingersoll</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Van_Rensselaer" title="Stephen Van Rensselaer">Stephen Van Rensselaer</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist</a> nominee for Governor of New York </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1816_New_York_gubernatorial_election" title="1816 New York gubernatorial election">1816</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>Party abolished </b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton">DeWitt Clinton</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1816_United_States_presidential_election" title="1816 United States presidential election">1816</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>Party abolished </b> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Constitution_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Template:Constitution of the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Constitution of the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Constitution of the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Constitution_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preamble_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Preamble to the United States Constitution">Preamble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_Two_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Two of the United States Constitution">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_Three_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Three of the United States Constitution">III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_Four_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Four of the United States Constitution">IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_Five_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Five of the United States Constitution">V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_Six_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Six of the United States Constitution">VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_Seven_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Seven of the United States Constitution">VII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_amendments_to_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="List of amendments to the Constitution of the United States">Amendments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Second Amendment to the United States Constitution">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Third Amendment to the United States Constitution">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">10</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1795–1804</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitution">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution">12</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Amendments" title="Reconstruction Amendments">Reconstruction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">15</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-first_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-second_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-third_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-sixth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-seventh_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution">27</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_amendments_to_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="List of amendments to the Constitution of the United States">Unratified</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Apportionment_Amendment" title="Congressional Apportionment Amendment">Congressional Apportionment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titles_of_Nobility_Amendment" title="Titles of Nobility Amendment">Titles of Nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corwin_Amendment" title="Corwin Amendment">Corwin Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Labor_Amendment" title="Child Labor Amendment">Child Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_Rights_Amendment" title="Equal Rights Amendment">Equal Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Voting_Rights_Amendment" title="District of Columbia Voting Rights Amendment">District of Columbia Voting Rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_proposed_amendments_to_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="List of proposed amendments to the Constitution of the United States">Proposed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balanced_budget_amendment" title="Balanced budget amendment">Balanced budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaine_Amendment" title="Blaine Amendment">Blaine amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bricker_Amendment" title="Bricker Amendment">Bricker amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_finance_reform_amendment" title="Campaign finance reform amendment">Campaign finance reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_amendment" title="Christian amendment">Christian amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crittenden_Compromise" title="Crittenden Compromise">Crittenden Compromise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_abolition_amendment" title="Electoral College abolition amendment">Electoral College abolition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_Opportunity_to_Govern_Amendment" title="Equal Opportunity to Govern Amendment">Equal Opportunity to Govern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Marriage_Amendment" title="Federal Marriage Amendment">Federal Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Desecration_Amendment" title="Flag Desecration Amendment">Flag Desecration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Life_Amendment" title="Human Life Amendment">Human Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_%22Liberty%22_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Proposed "Liberty" Amendment to the United States Constitution">"Liberty" amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludlow_Amendment" title="Ludlow Amendment">Ludlow amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parental_Rights_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Parental Rights Amendment to the United States Constitution">Parental Rights amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_Prayer_Amendment" title="School Prayer Amendment">School Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_subject_amendment" title="Single subject amendment">Single subject</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victims%27_Rights_Amendment" title="Victims' Rights Amendment">Victims' Rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convention_to_propose_amendments_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Convention to propose amendments to the United States Constitution">Convention to propose amendments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_ratifying_conventions" title="State ratifying conventions">State ratifying conventions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Formation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="History of the United States Constitution">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon_Conference" title="Mount Vernon Conference">Mount Vernon Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Convention_(1786)" title="Annapolis Convention (1786)">Annapolis Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Convention (United States)">Philadelphia Convention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Plan" title="Virginia Plan">Virginia Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Plan" title="New Jersey Plan">New Jersey Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Compromise" title="Connecticut Compromise">Connecticut Compromise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-fifths_Compromise" title="Three-fifths Compromise">Three-fifths Compromise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Detail" title="Committee of Detail">Committee of Detail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Framers" class="mw-redirect" title="Framers">List of Framers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signing_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Signing of the United States Constitution">Signing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printing_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Printing of the United States Constitution">Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall">Independence Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syng_inkstand" title="Syng inkstand">Syng inkstand</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Federalist_Papers" title="The Federalist Papers">The Federalist Papers</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Federalist_Papers" title="Anti-Federalist Papers">Anti-Federalist Papers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Compromise" title="Massachusetts Compromise">Massachusetts Compromise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Ratifying_Convention" title="Virginia Ratifying Convention">Virginia Ratifying Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Circular_Letter" title="New York Circular Letter">New York Circular Letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsborough_Convention" title="Hillsborough Convention">Hillsborough Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayetteville_Convention" title="Fayetteville Convention">Fayetteville Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratification_of_the_United_States_Constitution_by_Rhode_Island" title="Ratification of the United States Constitution by Rhode Island">Rhode Island ratification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_drafting_and_ratification_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Timeline of drafting and ratification of the United States Constitution">Drafting and ratification timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_clauses_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="List of clauses of the United States Constitution">Clauses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Admission_to_the_Union" title="Admission to the Union">Admission to the Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appointments_Clause" title="Appointments Clause">Appointments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appropriations_bill_(United_States)" title="Appropriations bill (United States)">Appropriations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_petition_in_the_United_States" title="Right to petition in the United States">Assemble and Petition Clause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistance_of_Counsel_Clause" title="Assistance of Counsel Clause">Assistance of Counsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_or_Controversy_Clause" title="Case or Controversy Clause">Case or Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_Clause" title="Citizenship Clause">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commerce_Clause" title="Commerce Clause">Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_compact" title="Interstate compact">Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_Process_Clause" title="Compulsory Process Clause">Compulsory Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confrontation_Clause" title="Confrontation Clause">Confrontation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_power_of_enforcement" title="Congressional power of enforcement">Congressional enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contingent_election" title="Contingent election">Contingent Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_Clause" title="Contract Clause">Contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_Clause" title="Copyright Clause">Copyright and Patent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Jeopardy_Clause" title="Double Jeopardy Clause">Double Jeopardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Due_Process_Clause" title="Due Process Clause">Due Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_clause" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections clause">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engagements_Clause" title="Engagements Clause">Engagements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_Protection_Clause" title="Equal Protection Clause">Equal Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Establishment_Clause" title="Establishment Clause">Establishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_Three_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Original_and_appellate_jurisdiction" title="Article Three of the United States Constitution">Exceptions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excessive_Bail_Clause" title="Excessive Bail Clause">Excessive Bail</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ex_post_facto_law#United_States" title="Ex post facto law">Ex Post Facto</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extradition_Clause" title="Extradition Clause">Extradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Exercise_Clause" title="Free Exercise Clause">Free Exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press_in_the_United_States" title="Freedom of the press in the United States">Freedom of the Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech_in_the_United_States" title="Freedom of speech in the United States">Freedom of Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fugitive_Slave_Clause" title="Fugitive Slave Clause">Fugitive Slave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_Faith_and_Credit_Clause" title="Full Faith and Credit Clause">Full Faith and Credit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxing_and_Spending_Clause#General_Welfare_Clause" title="Taxing and Spending Clause">General Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarantee_Clause" title="Guarantee Clause">Guarantee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_apportionment" title="United States congressional apportionment">House Apportionment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_impeachment_in_the_United_States" title="Federal impeachment in the United States">Impeachment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Import-Export_Clause" title="Import-Export Clause">Import-Export</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ineligibility_Clause" title="Ineligibility Clause">Ineligibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Section_8" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Militia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural-born-citizen_clause_(United_States)" title="Natural-born-citizen clause (United States)">Natural-born citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necessary_and_Proper_Clause" title="Necessary and Proper Clause">Necessary and Proper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Religious_Test_Clause" title="No Religious Test Clause">No Religious Test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oath_of_office_of_the_president_of_the_United_States" title="Oath of office of the president of the United States">Oath or Affirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_jurisdiction_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of the United States">Original Jurisdiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origination_Clause" title="Origination Clause">Origination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_pardons_in_the_United_States" title="Federal pardons in the United States">Pardon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_Clause" title="Postal Clause">Postal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presentment_Clause" title="Presentment Clause">Presentment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">Presidential Electors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession" title="United States presidential line of succession">Presidential succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privileges_and_Immunities_Clause" title="Privileges and Immunities Clause">Privileges and Immunities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privileges_or_Immunities_Clause" title="Privileges or Immunities Clause">Privileges or Immunities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recess_appointment" title="Recess appointment">Recess appointment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_Two_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Clause_2:_Making_recommendations_to_Congress" title="Article Two of the United States Constitution">Recommendation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution#Self-incrimination" title="Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Self-Incrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speech_or_Debate_Clause" title="Speech or Debate Clause">Speech or Debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speedy_Trial_Clause" title="Speedy Trial Clause">Speedy Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_Two_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Clause_1:_State_of_the_Union" title="Article Two of the United States Constitution">State of the Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supremacy_Clause" title="Supremacy Clause">Supremacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Section_9" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Suspension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_Two_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Clause_5:_Caring_for_the_faithful_execution_of_the_law" title="Article Two of the United States Constitution">Take Care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution#Eminent_domain" title="Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Takings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxing_and_Spending_Clause" title="Taxing and Spending Clause">Taxing and Spending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_Four_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Federal_property_and_the_Territorial_Clause" title="Article Four of the United States Constitution">Territorial</a></li> <li>Title of Nobility (<a href="/wiki/Foreign_Emoluments_Clause" title="Foreign Emoluments Clause">Foreign Emoluments</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_Clause" title="Treaty Clause">Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jury_trial#United_States" title="Jury trial">Trial by Jury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesting_Clauses" title="Vesting Clauses">Vesting</a> (<a href="/wiki/Legislative_Vesting_Clause" title="Legislative Vesting Clause">Legislative</a> / <a href="/wiki/Executive_Vesting_Clause" title="Executive Vesting Clause">Executive</a> / <a href="/wiki/Judicial_Vesting_Clause" title="Judicial Vesting Clause">Judicial</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicinage_Clause" title="Vicinage Clause">Vicinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Powers_Clause" title="War Powers Clause">War Powers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interpretation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balance_of_power_(federalism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Balance of power (federalism)">Balance of powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_powers" title="Concurrent powers">Concurrent powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_law_of_the_United_States" title="Constitutional law of the United States">Constitutional law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_constitutional_criminal_procedure" title="United States constitutional criminal procedure">Criminal procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_constitutional_sentencing_law" title="United States constitutional sentencing law">Criminal sentencing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dormant_Commerce_Clause" title="Dormant Commerce Clause">Dormant Commerce Clause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enumerated_powers_(United_States)" title="Enumerated powers (United States)">Enumerated powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_footing" title="Equal footing">Equal footing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_privilege" title="Executive privilege">Executive privilege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Implied_powers" title="Implied powers">Implied powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incorporation_of_the_Bill_of_Rights" title="Incorporation of the Bill of Rights">Incorporation of the Bill of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_review_in_the_United_States" title="Judicial review in the United States">Judicial review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondelegation_doctrine#United_States" title="Nondelegation doctrine">Nondelegation doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plenary_power" title="Plenary power">Plenary power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_preemption" title="Federal preemption">Preemption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserved_powers" title="Reserved powers">Reserved powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxbe_fix" title="Saxbe fix">Saxbe fix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States" title="Separation of church and state in the United States">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Separation of powers under the United States Constitution">Separation of powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symmetric_federalism" title="Symmetric federalism">Symmetric federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_protester_constitutional_arguments" title="Tax protester constitutional arguments">Taxation power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_executive_theory" title="Unitary executive theory">Unitary executive theory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Framers" class="mw-redirect" title="Framers">Signatories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Convention President</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Hampshire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Langdon_(politician)" title="John Langdon (politician)">John Langdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Gilman" title="Nicholas Gilman">Nicholas Gilman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Massachusetts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Gorham" title="Nathaniel Gorham">Nathaniel Gorham</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rufus King</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Connecticut</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Samuel_Johnson" title="William Samuel Johnson">William Samuel Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Sherman" title="Roger Sherman">Roger Sherman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New York</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Jersey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Livingston" title="William Livingston">William Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Brearley" title="David Brearley">David Brearley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Paterson_(judge)" title="William Paterson (judge)">William Paterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Dayton" title="Jonathan Dayton">Jonathan Dayton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pennsylvania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mifflin" title="Thomas Mifflin">Thomas Mifflin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Morris_(financier)" title="Robert Morris (financier)">Robert Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Clymer" title="George Clymer">George Clymer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fitzsimons" title="Thomas Fitzsimons">Thomas Fitzsimons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Ingersoll" title="Jared Ingersoll">Jared Ingersoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Wilson_(Founding_Father)" title="James Wilson (Founding Father)">James Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouverneur_Morris" title="Gouverneur Morris">Gouverneur Morris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Delaware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Read_(American_politician,_born_1733)" title="George Read (American politician, born 1733)">George Read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunning_Bedford_Jr." title="Gunning Bedford Jr.">Gunning Bedford Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dickinson" title="John Dickinson">John Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bassett_(Delaware_politician)" title="Richard Bassett (Delaware politician)">Richard Bassett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Broom" title="Jacob Broom">Jacob Broom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Maryland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_McHenry" title="James McHenry">James McHenry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_of_St._Thomas_Jenifer" title="Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer">Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Carroll" title="Daniel Carroll">Daniel Carroll</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Virginia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Blair_Jr." title="John Blair Jr.">John Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North Carolina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Blount" title="William Blount">William Blount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Dobbs_Spaight" title="Richard Dobbs Spaight">Richard Dobbs Spaight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Williamson" title="Hugh Williamson">Hugh Williamson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Carolina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Rutledge" title="John Rutledge">John Rutledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cotesworth_Pinckney" title="Charles Cotesworth Pinckney">Charles Cotesworth Pinckney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Pinckney_(governor)" title="Charles Pinckney (governor)">Charles Pinckney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierce_Butler_(American_politician)" title="Pierce Butler (American politician)">Pierce Butler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Georgia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Few" title="William Few">William Few</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Baldwin" title="Abraham Baldwin">Abraham Baldwin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Convention Secretary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Jackson_(secretary)" title="William Jackson (secretary)">William Jackson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Notes_of_Debates_in_the_Federal_Convention_of_1787" title="Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787">Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Shallus" title="Jacob Shallus">Jacob Shallus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Bibliography of the United States Constitution">Bibliography of the United States Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers of the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Display<br />and legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_Building" title="National Archives Building">National Archives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charters_of_Freedom" title="Charters of Freedom">Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Mall_(Philadelphia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence Mall (Philadelphia)">Independence Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Day_and_Citizenship_Day" title="Constitution Day and Citizenship Day">Constitution Day and Citizenship Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Gardens" title="Constitution Gardens">Constitution Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Week" title="Constitution Week">Constitution Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Constitution_Center" title="National Constitution Center">National Constitution Center</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scene_at_the_Signing_of_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States">Scene at the Signing of the Constitution</a></i> (painting)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_More_Perfect_Union_(film)" title="A More Perfect Union (film)">A More Perfect Union</a></i> (film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worldwide_influence_of_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Worldwide influence of the Constitution of the United States">Worldwide influence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_senators_from_New_York" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_senators_from_New_York" title="Template:United States senators from New York"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_senators_from_New_York" title="Template talk:United States senators from New York"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_senators_from_New_York" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States senators from New York"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_senators_from_New_York" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_York" title="List of United States senators from New York">United States senators from New York</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Schuyler" title="Philip Schuyler">Schuyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Burr" title="Aaron Burr">Burr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Schuyler" title="Philip Schuyler">Schuyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sloss_Hobart" title="John Sloss Hobart">Hobart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_North" title="William North">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Watson_(New_York_politician)" title="James Watson (New York politician)">Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouverneur_Morris" title="Gouverneur Morris">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodorus_Bailey_(politician)" title="Theodorus Bailey (politician)">Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Armstrong_Jr." title="John Armstrong Jr.">Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Mitchill" title="Samuel L. Mitchill">Mitchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obadiah_German" title="Obadiah German">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Sanford" title="Nathan Sanford">Sanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Dudley" title="Charles E. Dudley">Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Tallmadge" title="Nathaniel P. Tallmadge">Tallmadge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_S._Dickinson" title="Daniel S. Dickinson">Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Fish" title="Hamilton Fish">Fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preston_King_(politician)" title="Preston King (politician)">P. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_D._Morgan" title="Edwin D. Morgan">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_Fenton" title="Reuben Fenton">Fenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Kernan" title="Francis Kernan">Kernan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_C._Platt" title="Thomas C. Platt">Platt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Miller" title="Warner Miller">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Hiscock" title="Frank Hiscock">Hiscock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Murphy_Jr." title="Edward Murphy Jr.">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauncey_Depew" title="Chauncey Depew">Depew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._O%27Gorman" title="James A. O'Gorman">O'Gorman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Calder" title="William M. Calder">Calder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_S._Copeland" title="Royal S. Copeland">Copeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Mead" title="James M. Mead">Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Ives" title="Irving Ives">Ives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Keating" title="Kenneth Keating">Keating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Goodell" title="Charles Goodell">Goodell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Buckley" title="James L. Buckley">Buckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan" title="Daniel Patrick Moynihan">Moynihan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">H. Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirsten_Gillibrand" title="Kirsten Gillibrand">Gillibrand</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Senate"><img alt="United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Laurance" title="John Laurance">Laurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Armstrong_Jr." title="John Armstrong Jr.">Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton">D. Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Armstrong_Jr." title="John Armstrong Jr.">Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(New_York_politician,_born_1752)" title="John Smith (New York politician, born 1752)">Smith</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Sanford" title="Nathan Sanford">Sanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Marcy" title="William L. Marcy">Marcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas_Wright" title="Silas Wright">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Foster" title="Henry A. Foster">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_Dix" title="John Adams Dix">Dix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Seward" title="William H. Seward">Seward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ira_Harris" title="Ira Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscoe_Conkling" title="Roscoe Conkling">Conkling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbridge_G._Lapham" title="Elbridge G. Lapham">Lapham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Evarts" title="William M. Evarts">Evarts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_B._Hill" title="David B. Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_C._Platt" title="Thomas C. Platt">Platt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elihu_Root" title="Elihu Root">Root</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Wadsworth_Jr." title="James W. Wadsworth Jr.">Wadsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Wagner" title="Robert F. Wagner">Wagner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles">Dulles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_H._Lehman" title="Herbert H. Lehman">Lehman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Javits" title="Jacob Javits">Javits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_D%27Amato" title="Al D'Amato">D'Amato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Schumer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Other_articles_and_topics_related_to_Rufus_King" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Other_articles_and_topics_related_to_Rufus_King" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other articles and topics related to Rufus King</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairs_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Foreign_Relations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_Foreign_Relations_chairs" title="Template:US Senate Foreign Relations chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_Foreign_Relations_chairs" title="Template talk:US Senate Foreign Relations chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_Foreign_Relations_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate Foreign Relations chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairs_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Foreign_Relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairs of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Foreign_Relations" title="United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations">United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Barbour" title="James Barbour">Barbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Macon" title="Nathaniel Macon">Macon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Brown_(Louisiana_politician)" title="James Brown (Louisiana politician)">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Barbour" title="James Barbour">Barbour</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Barbour" title="James Barbour">Barbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Macon" title="Nathaniel Macon">Macon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Sanford" title="Nathan Sanford">Sanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Macon" title="Nathaniel Macon">Macon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littleton_Waller_Tazewell" title="Littleton Waller Tazewell">Tazewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Forsyth_(politician)" title="John Forsyth (politician)">Forsyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wilkins_(American_politician)" title="William Wilkins (American politician)">Wilkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cabell_Rives" title="William Cabell Rives">Rives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Archer" title="William S. Archer">Archer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Allen_(governor)" title="William Allen (governor)">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Hundley_Sevier" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambrose Hundley Sevier">Sevier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_A._Hannegan" title="Edward A. Hannegan">Hannegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hart_Benton_(politician)" title="Thomas Hart Benton (politician)">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">W. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_S._Foote" title="Henry S. Foote">Foote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Mason" title="James M. Mason">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sumner" title="Charles Sumner">Sumner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Cameron" title="Simon Cameron">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Hamlin" title="Hannibal Hamlin">Hamlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Eaton" title="William W. Eaton">Eaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Burnside" title="Ambrose Burnside">Burnside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Edmunds" title="George F. Edmunds">Edmunds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Windom" title="William Windom">Windom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Miller_(senator)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Franklin Miller (senator)">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_T._Morgan" title="John T. Morgan">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Frye" title="William P. Frye">Frye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cushman_K._Davis" title="Cushman K. Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelby_M._Cullom" title="Shelby M. Cullom">Cullom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_O._Bacon" title="Augustus O. Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Stone" title="William J. Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Hitchcock" title="Gilbert Hitchcock">Hitchcock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge">Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Borah" title="William Borah">Borah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_Pittman" title="Key Pittman">Pittman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_F._George" title="Walter F. George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Connally" title="Tom Connally">Connally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Vandenberg" title="Arthur Vandenberg">Vandenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Connally" title="Tom Connally">Connally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Wiley" title="Alexander Wiley">Wiley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_F._George" title="Walter F. George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_F._Green" title="Theodore F. Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._William_Fulbright" title="J. William Fulbright">Fulbright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sparkman" title="John Sparkman">Sparkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Church" title="Frank Church">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Percy" title="Charles H. Percy">Percy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lugar" title="Richard Lugar">Lugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claiborne_Pell" title="Claiborne Pell">Pell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Helms" title="Jesse Helms">Helms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Helms" title="Jesse Helms">Helms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lugar" title="Richard Lugar">Lugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">Kerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Menendez" title="Bob Menendez">Menendez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Corker" title="Bob Corker">Corker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Risch" title="Jim Risch">Risch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Menendez" title="Bob Menendez">Menendez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Cardin" title="Ben Cardin">Cardin</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Senate"><img alt="Seal of the United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ambassadors_of_the_United_States_of_America_to_the_Court_of_St._James&#039;s" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Ambassadors_to_the_UK" title="Template:US Ambassadors to the UK"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Ambassadors_to_the_UK" title="Template talk:US Ambassadors to the UK"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Ambassadors_to_the_UK" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Ambassadors to the UK"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ambassadors_of_the_United_States_of_America_to_the_Court_of_St._James&#039;s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to the United Kingdom">Ambassadors of the United States of America to the Court of St. James's</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers Plenipotentiary to<br />the Court of St. James's<br />(1785–1811)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">J. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pinckney" title="Thomas Pinckney">Pickney</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pinkney" title="William Pinkney">Pinkney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Russell" title="Jonathan Russell">Russell</a> (<i>chargé d'affaires</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Envoys Extraordinary and <br />Ministers Plenipotentiary to<br />the Court of St. James's<br />(1815–1893)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">J. Q. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rush" title="Richard Rush">Rush</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Gallatin" title="Albert Gallatin">Gallatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Beach_Lawrence" title="William Beach Lawrence">Lawrence</a> (<i>chargé d'affaires</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Barbour" title="James Barbour">Barbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_McLane" title="Louis McLane">McLane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Vail" title="Aaron Vail">Vail</a> (<i>chargé d'affaires</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Stevenson" title="Andrew Stevenson">Stevenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Everett" title="Edward Everett">Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_McLane" title="Louis McLane">McLane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bancroft" title="George Bancroft">Bancroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbott_Lawrence" title="Abbott Lawrence">Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Reed_Ingersoll" title="Joseph Reed Ingersoll">Ingersoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Dallas" title="George M. Dallas">Dallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Adams_Sr." title="Charles Francis Adams Sr.">C. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverdy_Johnson" title="Reverdy Johnson">R. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lothrop_Motley" title="John Lothrop Motley">Motley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Schenck" title="Robert C. Schenck">Schenck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwards_Pierrepont" title="Edwards Pierrepont">Pierrepont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Welsh_(diplomat)" title="John Welsh (diplomat)">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Russell_Lowell" title="James Russell Lowell">Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_John_Phelps" title="Edward John Phelps">Phelps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Todd_Lincoln" title="Robert Todd Lincoln">Lincoln</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ambassadors Extraordinary<br />and Plenipotentiary to <br />the Court of St. James's<br />(1893–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._Bayard" title="Thomas F. Bayard">Bayard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hay" title="John Hay">Hay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hodges_Choate" title="Joseph Hodges Choate">Choate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitelaw_Reid" title="Whitelaw Reid">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Hines_Page" title="Walter Hines Page">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Davis" title="John W. Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Brinton_McClellan_Harvey" title="George Brinton McClellan Harvey">Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg">Kellogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alanson_B._Houghton" title="Alanson B. Houghton">Houghton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Dawes" title="Charles G. Dawes">Dawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Mellon" title="Andrew Mellon">Mellon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Worth_Bingham" title="Robert Worth Bingham">Bingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_Sr." title="Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gilbert_Winant" title="John Gilbert Winant">Winant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Averell_Harriman" title="W. Averell Harriman">Harriman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Williams_Douglas" title="Lewis Williams Douglas">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Sherman_Gifford" title="Walter Sherman Gifford">Gifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winthrop_W._Aldrich" title="Winthrop W. Aldrich">Aldrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hay_Whitney" title="John Hay Whitney">Whitney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_K._E._Bruce" title="David K. E. Bruce">Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Annenberg" title="Walter Annenberg">Annenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Richardson" title="Elliot Richardson">Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Armstrong" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne Armstrong">Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingman_Brewster_Jr." title="Kingman Brewster Jr.">Brewster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Louis_Jr." title="John J. Louis Jr.">Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Price_II" title="Charles H. Price II">Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_E._Catto_Jr." title="Henry E. Catto Jr.">Catto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_G._H._Seitz" title="Raymond G. H. Seitz">Seitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Crowe" title="William J. Crowe">Crowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Lader" title="Philip Lader">Lader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stamps_Farish_III" title="William Stamps Farish III">Farish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Tuttle" title="Robert H. Tuttle">Tuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Susman" title="Louis Susman">Susman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Barzun" title="Matthew Barzun">Barzun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Johnson" title="Woody Johnson">W. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_D._Hartley" title="Jane D. Hartley">Hartley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Federalist_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Federalist_Party" title="Template:Federalist Party"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Federalist_Party" title="Template talk:Federalist Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Federalist_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Federalist Party"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Federalist_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Era" title="Federalist Era">Federalist Era</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_School_(economics)" title="American School (economics)">American School</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Party_System" title="First Party System">First Party System</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_Washington" title="Presidency of George Washington">Presidency of George Washington</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_Adams" title="Presidency of John Adams">Presidency of John Adams</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party#Presidential_elections" title="Federalist Party">Presidential<br />tickets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1796_United_States_presidential_election" title="1796 United States presidential election">1796</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">Adams</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pinckney" title="Thomas Pinckney">T. Pinckney</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1800_United_States_presidential_election" title="1800 United States presidential election">1800</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">Adams</a>/<a href="/wiki/Charles_Cotesworth_Pinckney" title="Charles Cotesworth Pinckney">C. Pinckney</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1804_United_States_presidential_election" title="1804 United States presidential election">1804</a>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Cotesworth_Pinckney" title="Charles Cotesworth Pinckney">C. Pinckney</a>/<a class="mw-selflink selflink">King</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1808_United_States_presidential_election" title="1808 United States presidential election">1808</a>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Cotesworth_Pinckney" title="Charles Cotesworth Pinckney">C. Pinckney</a>/<a class="mw-selflink selflink">King</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1812_United_States_presidential_election" title="1812 United States presidential election">1812</a>: <a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton">Clinton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Jared_Ingersoll" title="Jared Ingersoll">Ingersoll</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1816_United_States_presidential_election" title="1816 United States presidential election">1816</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">King</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Eager_Howard" title="John Eager Howard">Howard</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">U.S. House<br />speakers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Muhlenberg" title="Frederick Muhlenberg">Frederick Muhlenberg</a> (1789–1791)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Trumbull_Jr." title="Jonathan Trumbull Jr.">Jonathan Trumbull Jr.</a> (1791–1793)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Dayton" title="Jonathan Dayton">Jonathan Dayton</a> (1795–1799)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sedgwick" title="Theodore Sedgwick">Theodore Sedgwick</a> (1799–1801)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">U.S. Cabinet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Jay" title="John Jay">John Jay</a> (1789–1790)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Randolph" title="Edmund Randolph">Edmund Randolph</a> (1794–1795)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Pickering" title="Timothy Pickering">Timothy Pickering</a> (1795–1800)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lee_(Attorney_General)" title="Charles Lee (Attorney General)">Charles Lee</a> (1800)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall" title="John Marshall">John Marshall</a> (1800–1801)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rush" title="Richard Rush">Richard Rush</a> (1817)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a> (1789–1795)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wolcott_Jr." title="Oliver Wolcott Jr.">Oliver Wolcott Jr.</a> (1795–1801)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Dexter" title="Samuel Dexter">Samuel Dexter</a> (1801)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Knox" title="Henry Knox">Henry Knox</a> (1789–1795)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Pickering" title="Timothy Pickering">Timothy Pickering</a> (1795)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_McHenry" title="James McHenry">James McHenry</a> (1796–1800)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Dexter" title="Samuel Dexter">Samuel Dexter</a> (1800–1801)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Randolph" title="Edmund Randolph">Edmund Randolph</a> (1789–1794)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Bradford_(Attorney_General)" title="William Bradford (Attorney General)">William Bradford</a> (1794–1795)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lee_(Attorney_General)" title="Charles Lee (Attorney General)">Charles Lee</a> (1795–1801)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rush" title="Richard Rush">Richard Rush</a> (1814–1817)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Stoddert" title="Benjamin Stoddert">Benjamin Stoddert</a> (1798–1801)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1800)_1804_United_States_presidential_election_(1808_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1804_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1804 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1804_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1804 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1804_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1804 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1800)_1804_United_States_presidential_election_(1808_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1800_United_States_presidential_election" title="1800 United States presidential election">← 1800</a>) <a href="/wiki/1804_United_States_presidential_election" title="1804 United States presidential election">1804 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1808_United_States_presidential_election" title="1808 United States presidential election">1808 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #008000;"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican Party</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a></b> (incumbent)</li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(vice_president)" title="George Clinton (vice president)">George Clinton</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Vice President:</b> <a href="/wiki/John_Breckinridge_(U.S._Attorney_General)" title="John Breckinridge (U.S. Attorney General)">John Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Lincoln_Sr." title="Levi Lincoln Sr.">Levi Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Langdon_(politician)" title="John Langdon (politician)">John Langdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Granger" title="Gideon Granger">Gideon Granger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Maclay_(Pennsylvania_senator)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Maclay (Pennsylvania senator)">William Maclay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #EA9978;"><b><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist Party</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nominees" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Cotesworth_Pinckney" title="Charles Cotesworth Pinckney">Charles Cotesworth Pinckney</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rufus King</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1804 elections</b>: <a href="/wiki/1804_and_1805_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1804 and 1805 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1804_and_1805_United_States_Senate_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1804 and 1805 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1804)_1808_United_States_presidential_election_(1812_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1808_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1808 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1808_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1808 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1808_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1808 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1804)_1808_United_States_presidential_election_(1812_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1804_United_States_presidential_election" title="1804 United States presidential election">← 1804</a>) <a href="/wiki/1808_United_States_presidential_election" title="1808 United States presidential election">1808 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1812_United_States_presidential_election" title="1812 United States presidential election">1812 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #008000;"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican Party</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(vice_president)" title="George Clinton (vice president)">George Clinton</a></b> (incumbent)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President:</b> <a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(vice_president)" title="George Clinton (vice president)">George Clinton</a></li> <li><b>Vice President:</b> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Dearborn" title="Henry Dearborn">Henry Dearborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #EA9978;"><b><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist Party</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nominees" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Cotesworth_Pinckney" title="Charles Cotesworth Pinckney">Charles Cotesworth Pinckney</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rufus King</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1808 elections</b>: <a href="/wiki/1808_and_1809_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1808 and 1809 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1808_and_1809_United_States_Senate_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1808 and 1809 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1808)_1812_United_States_presidential_election_(1816_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1812_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1812 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1812_United_States_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:1812 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1812_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1812 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1808)_1812_United_States_presidential_election_(1816_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1808_United_States_presidential_election" title="1808 United States presidential election">← 1808</a>) <a href="/wiki/1812_United_States_presidential_election" title="1812 United States presidential election">1812 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1816_United_States_presidential_election" title="1816 United States presidential election">1816 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #008000;"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican Party</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a></b> (incumbent)</li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/Elbridge_Gerry" title="Elbridge Gerry">Elbridge Gerry</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton">DeWitt Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(vice_president)" title="George Clinton (vice president)">George Clinton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #EA9978;"><b><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist Party</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Endorsee</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton">DeWitt Clinton</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominee</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/Jared_Ingersoll" title="Jared Ingersoll">Jared Ingersoll</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall" title="John Marshall">John Marshall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #EA9978;"><b><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Straight-Federalist Party</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nominee" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominee</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rufus King</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/William_Richardson_Davie" title="William Richardson Davie">William Richardson Davie</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1812 elections</b>: <a href="/wiki/1812_and_1813_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1812 and 1813 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1812_and_1813_United_States_Senate_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1812 and 1813 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1812)_1816_United_States_presidential_election_(1820_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1816_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1816 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1816_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1816 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1816_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1816 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1812)_1816_United_States_presidential_election_(1820_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1812_United_States_presidential_election" title="1812 United States presidential election">← 1812</a>) <a href="/wiki/1816_United_States_presidential_election" title="1816 United States presidential election">1816 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1820_United_States_presidential_election" title="1820 United States presidential election">1820 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #008000;"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican Party</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_D._Tompkins" title="Daniel D. Tompkins">Daniel D. Tompkins</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Snyder" title="Simon Snyder">Simon Snyder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #EA9978;"><b><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist Party</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nominees" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rufus King</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/John_Eager_Howard" title="John Eager Howard">John Eager Howard</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1816 elections</b>: <a href="/wiki/1816_and_1817_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1816 and 1817 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1816_and_1817_United_States_Senate_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1816 and 1817 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Unsuccessful_major_party_candidates_for_President_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Unsuccessful_major_party_pres_candidates" title="Template:Unsuccessful major party pres candidates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Unsuccessful_major_party_pres_candidates" title="Template talk:Unsuccessful major party pres candidates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Unsuccessful_major_party_pres_candidates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Unsuccessful major party pres candidates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Unsuccessful_major_party_candidates_for_President_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_unsuccessful_major_party_candidates_for_President_of_the_United_States" title="List of unsuccessful major party candidates for President of the United States">Unsuccessful major party candidates for President of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left; white-space:nowrap; padding-top:.3em; padding-bottom:.6em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> (<a href="/wiki/1796_United_States_presidential_election" title="1796 United States presidential election">1796</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a> (<a href="/wiki/1800_United_States_presidential_election" title="1800 United States presidential election">1800</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cotesworth_Pinckney" title="Charles Cotesworth Pinckney">Charles C. Pinckney</a> (<a href="/wiki/1804_United_States_presidential_election" title="1804 United States presidential election">1804</a>, <a href="/wiki/1808_United_States_presidential_election" title="1808 United States presidential election">1808</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton">DeWitt Clinton</a> (<a href="/wiki/1812_United_States_presidential_election" title="1812 United States presidential election">1812</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rufus King</a> (<a href="/wiki/1816_United_States_presidential_election" title="1816 United States presidential election">1816</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a> (<a href="/wiki/1824_United_States_presidential_election" title="1824 United States presidential election">1824</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Crawford" title="William H. Crawford">William H. Crawford</a> (<a href="/wiki/1824_United_States_presidential_election" title="1824 United States presidential election">1824</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a> (<a href="/wiki/1824_United_States_presidential_election" title="1824 United States presidential election">1824</a>, <a href="/wiki/1832_United_States_presidential_election" title="1832 United States presidential election">1832</a>, <a href="/wiki/1844_United_States_presidential_election" title="1844 United States presidential election">1844</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a> (<a href="/wiki/1828_United_States_presidential_election" title="1828 United States presidential election">1828</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a> (<a href="/wiki/1836_United_States_presidential_election" title="1836 United States presidential election">1836</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Lawson_White" title="Hugh Lawson White">Hugh Lawson White</a> (<a href="/wiki/1836_United_States_presidential_election" title="1836 United States presidential election">1836</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a> (<a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_presidential_election" title="1840 United States presidential election">1840</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Lewis Cass</a> (<a href="/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="1848 United States presidential election">1848</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott" title="Winfield Scott">Winfield Scott</a> (<a href="/wiki/1852_United_States_presidential_election" title="1852 United States presidential election">1852</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Fr%C3%A9mont" title="John C. Frémont">John C. Frémont</a> (<a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election" title="1856 United States presidential election">1856</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Douglas" title="Stephen A. Douglas">Stephen A. Douglas</a> (<a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election" title="1860 United States presidential election">1860</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._McClellan" title="George B. McClellan">George B. McClellan</a> (<a href="/wiki/George_McClellan_1864_presidential_campaign" title="George McClellan 1864 presidential campaign">1864</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Seymour" title="Horatio Seymour">Horatio Seymour</a> (<a href="/wiki/Horatio_Seymour_1868_presidential_campaign" title="Horatio Seymour 1868 presidential campaign">1868</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Greeley" title="Horace Greeley">Horace Greeley</a> (<a href="/wiki/Horace_Greeley_1872_presidential_campaign" title="Horace Greeley 1872 presidential campaign">1872</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Tilden" title="Samuel J. Tilden">Samuel J. Tilden</a> (<a href="/wiki/Samuel_Tilden_1876_presidential_campaign" title="Samuel Tilden 1876 presidential campaign">1876</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Hancock" title="Winfield Scott Hancock">Winfield Scott Hancock</a> (<a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Hancock_1880_presidential_campaign" title="Winfield Scott Hancock 1880 presidential campaign">1880</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_G._Blaine" title="James G. Blaine">James G. Blaine</a> (<a href="/wiki/1884_United_States_presidential_election" title="1884 United States presidential election">1884</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland_1888_presidential_campaign" title="Grover Cleveland 1888 presidential campaign">1888</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison" title="Benjamin Harrison">Benjamin Harrison</a> (<a href="/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election" title="1892 United States presidential election">1892</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">William J. Bryan</a> (<a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_1896_presidential_campaign" title="William Jennings Bryan 1896 presidential campaign">1896</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_1900_presidential_campaign" title="William Jennings Bryan 1900 presidential campaign">1900</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_1908_presidential_campaign" title="William Jennings Bryan 1908 presidential campaign">1908</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alton_B._Parker" title="Alton B. Parker">Alton B. Parker</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alton_B._Parker_1904_presidential_campaign" title="Alton B. Parker 1904 presidential campaign">1904</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a> (<a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">1912</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Charles Evans Hughes</a> (<a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election" title="1916 United States presidential election">1916</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Cox" title="James M. Cox">James M. Cox</a> (<a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election" title="1920 United States presidential election">1920</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Davis" title="John W. Davis">John W. Davis</a> (<a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election" title="1924 United States presidential election">1924</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Al Smith</a> (<a href="/wiki/Al_Smith_1928_presidential_campaign" title="Al Smith 1928 presidential campaign">1928</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a> (<a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election" title="1932 United States presidential election">1932</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alf_Landon" title="Alf Landon">Alf Landon</a> (<a href="/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election" title="1936 United States presidential election">1936</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendell_Willkie" title="Wendell Willkie">Wendell Willkie</a> (<a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election" title="1940 United States presidential election">1940</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Dewey" title="Thomas E. Dewey">Thomas E. Dewey</a> (<a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election" title="1944 United States presidential election">1944</a>, <a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Adlai Stevenson</a> (<a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">1952</a>, <a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">1956</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_1960_presidential_campaign" title="Richard Nixon 1960 presidential campaign">1960</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Barry Goldwater</a> (<a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater_1964_presidential_campaign" title="Barry Goldwater 1964 presidential campaign">1964</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey_1968_presidential_campaign" title="Hubert Humphrey 1968 presidential campaign">1968</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">George McGovern</a> (<a href="/wiki/George_McGovern_1972_presidential_campaign" title="George McGovern 1972 presidential campaign">1972</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford_1976_presidential_campaign" title="Gerald Ford 1976 presidential campaign">1976</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_1980_presidential_campaign" title="Jimmy Carter 1980 presidential campaign">1980</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a> (<a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale_1984_presidential_campaign" title="Walter Mondale 1984 presidential campaign">1984</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis" title="Michael Dukakis">Michael Dukakis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis_1988_presidential_campaign" title="Michael Dukakis 1988 presidential campaign">1988</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> (<a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush_1992_presidential_campaign" title="George H. W. Bush 1992 presidential campaign">1992</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Bob Dole</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole_1996_presidential_campaign" title="Bob Dole 1996 presidential campaign">1996</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> (<a href="/wiki/Al_Gore_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Al Gore 2000 presidential campaign">2000</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_Kerry_2004_presidential_campaign" title="John Kerry 2004 presidential campaign">2004</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_McCain_2008_presidential_campaign" title="John McCain 2008 presidential campaign">2008</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign">2012</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign">2016</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (<a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign">2020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign">2024</a>)</li></ol></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_presidential_candidates_by_year" title="Category:United States presidential candidates by year">All presidential candidates</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">Presidents</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_and_independent_performances_in_United_States_presidential_elections" title="List of third-party and independent performances in United States presidential elections">Third-party candidates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Unsuccessful_major_party_candidates_for_Vice_President_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Unsuccessful_major_party_VPOTUS_candidates" title="Template:Unsuccessful major party VPOTUS candidates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Unsuccessful_major_party_VPOTUS_candidates" title="Template talk:Unsuccessful major party VPOTUS candidates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Unsuccessful_major_party_VPOTUS_candidates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Unsuccessful major party VPOTUS candidates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Unsuccessful_major_party_candidates_for_Vice_President_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_unsuccessful_major_party_candidates_for_Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="List of unsuccessful major party candidates for Vice President of the United States">Unsuccessful major party candidates for Vice President of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left; white-space:nowrap; padding-top:.3em; padding-bottom:.6em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(vice_president)" title="George Clinton (vice president)">George Clinton</a> (<a href="/wiki/1792_United_States_presidential_election" title="1792 United States presidential election">1792</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pinckney" title="Thomas Pinckney">Thomas Pinckney</a> (<a href="/wiki/1796_United_States_presidential_election" title="1796 United States presidential election">1796</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Burr" title="Aaron Burr">Aaron Burr</a> (<a href="/wiki/1796_United_States_presidential_election" title="1796 United States presidential election">1796</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cotesworth_Pinckney" title="Charles Cotesworth Pinckney">Charles C. Pinckney</a> (<a href="/wiki/1800_United_States_presidential_election" title="1800 United States presidential election">1800</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rufus King</a> (<a href="/wiki/1804_United_States_presidential_election" title="1804 United States presidential election">1804</a>, <a href="/wiki/1808_United_States_presidential_election" title="1808 United States presidential election">1808</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Ingersoll" title="Jared Ingersoll">Jared Ingersoll</a> (<a href="/wiki/1812_United_States_presidential_election" title="1812 United States presidential election">1812</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Eager_Howard" title="John Eager Howard">John E. Howard</a> (<a href="/wiki/1816_United_States_presidential_election" title="1816 United States presidential election">1816</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Sanford" title="Nathan Sanford">Nathan Sanford</a> (<a href="/wiki/1824_United_States_presidential_election" title="1824 United States presidential election">1824</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Macon" title="Nathaniel Macon">Nathaniel Macon</a> (<a href="/wiki/1824_United_States_presidential_election" title="1824 United States presidential election">1824</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rush" title="Richard Rush">Richard Rush</a> (<a href="/wiki/1828_United_States_presidential_election" title="1828 United States presidential election">1828</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sergeant_(politician)" title="John Sergeant (politician)">John Sergeant</a> (<a href="/wiki/1832_United_States_presidential_election" title="1832 United States presidential election">1832</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Granger" title="Francis Granger">Francis Granger</a> (<a href="/wiki/1836_United_States_presidential_election" title="1836 United States presidential election">1836</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tyler" title="John Tyler">John Tyler</a> (<a href="/wiki/1836_United_States_presidential_election" title="1836 United States presidential election">1836</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">Richard M. Johnson</a> (<a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_presidential_election" title="1840 United States presidential election">1840</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Frelinghuysen" title="Theodore Frelinghuysen">Theodore Frelinghuysen</a> (<a href="/wiki/1844_United_States_presidential_election" title="1844 United States presidential election">1844</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Orlando_Butler" class="mw-redirect" title="William Orlando Butler">William O. Butler</a> (<a href="/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="1848 United States presidential election">1848</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Alexander_Graham" title="William Alexander Graham">William A. Graham</a> (<a href="/wiki/1852_United_States_presidential_election" title="1852 United States presidential election">1852</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Dayton" title="William L. Dayton">William L. Dayton</a> (<a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election" title="1856 United States presidential election">1856</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herschel_V._Johnson" title="Herschel V. Johnson">Herschel V. Johnson</a> (<a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election" title="1860 United States presidential election">1860</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Pendleton" title="George H. Pendleton">George H. Pendleton</a> (<a href="/wiki/George_McClellan_1864_presidential_campaign" title="George McClellan 1864 presidential campaign">1864</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Preston_Blair_Jr." title="Francis Preston Blair Jr.">Francis P. Blair Jr.</a> (<a href="/wiki/Horatio_Seymour_1868_presidential_campaign" title="Horatio Seymour 1868 presidential campaign">1868</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._Gratz_Brown" title="B. Gratz Brown">B. Gratz Brown</a> (<a href="/wiki/Horace_Greeley_1872_presidential_campaign" title="Horace Greeley 1872 presidential campaign">1872</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Hendricks" title="Thomas A. Hendricks">Thomas A. Hendricks</a> (<a href="/wiki/Samuel_Tilden_1876_presidential_campaign" title="Samuel Tilden 1876 presidential campaign">1876</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hayden_English" title="William Hayden English">William H. English</a> (<a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Hancock_1880_presidential_campaign" title="Winfield Scott Hancock 1880 presidential campaign">1880</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Logan" title="John A. Logan">John A. Logan</a> (<a href="/wiki/1884_United_States_presidential_election" title="1884 United States presidential election">1884</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_G._Thurman" title="Allen G. Thurman">Allen G. Thurman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland_1888_presidential_campaign" title="Grover Cleveland 1888 presidential campaign">1888</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitelaw_Reid" title="Whitelaw Reid">Whitelaw Reid</a> (<a href="/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election" title="1892 United States presidential election">1892</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sewall" title="Arthur Sewall">Arthur Sewall</a> (<a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_1896_presidential_campaign" title="William Jennings Bryan 1896 presidential campaign">1896</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_I" title="Adlai Stevenson I">Adlai Stevenson I</a> (<a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_1900_presidential_campaign" title="William Jennings Bryan 1900 presidential campaign">1900</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_G._Davis" title="Henry G. Davis">Henry G. Davis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alton_B._Parker_1904_presidential_campaign" title="Alton B. Parker 1904 presidential campaign">1904</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Kern" title="John W. Kern">John W. Kern</a> (<a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_1908_presidential_campaign" title="William Jennings Bryan 1908 presidential campaign">1908</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_S._Sherman" title="James S. Sherman">James S. Sherman</a> (<a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">1912</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Fairbanks" title="Charles W. Fairbanks">Charles W. Fairbanks</a> (<a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election" title="1916 United States presidential election">1916</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (<a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election" title="1920 United States presidential election">1920</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Bryan" title="Charles W. Bryan">Charles W. Bryan</a> (<a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election" title="1924 United States presidential election">1924</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_T._Robinson" title="Joseph T. Robinson">Joseph T. Robinson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Al_Smith_1928_presidential_campaign" title="Al Smith 1928 presidential campaign">1928</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Curtis" title="Charles Curtis">Charles Curtis</a> (<a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election" title="1932 United States presidential election">1932</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Knox" title="Frank Knox">Frank Knox</a> (<a href="/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election" title="1936 United States presidential election">1936</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._McNary" title="Charles L. McNary">Charles L. McNary</a> (<a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election" title="1940 United States presidential election">1940</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Bricker" title="John W. Bricker">John W. Bricker</a> (<a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election" title="1944 United States presidential election">1944</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a> (<a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sparkman" title="John Sparkman">John Sparkman</a> (<a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">1952</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estes_Kefauver" title="Estes Kefauver">Estes Kefauver</a> (<a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">1956</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge_Jr." title="Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.">Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.</a> (<a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_1960_presidential_campaign" title="Richard Nixon 1960 presidential campaign">1960</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Miller" title="William E. Miller">William E. Miller</a> (<a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater_1964_presidential_campaign" title="Barry Goldwater 1964 presidential campaign">1964</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie">Edmund Muskie</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey_1968_presidential_campaign" title="Hubert Humphrey 1968 presidential campaign">1968</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sargent_Shriver" title="Sargent Shriver">Sargent Shriver</a> (<a href="/wiki/George_McGovern_1972_presidential_campaign" title="George McGovern 1972 presidential campaign">1972</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Bob Dole</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford_1976_presidential_campaign" title="Gerald Ford 1976 presidential campaign">1976</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_1980_presidential_campaign" title="Jimmy Carter 1980 presidential campaign">1980</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Ferraro" title="Geraldine Ferraro">Geraldine Ferraro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale_1984_presidential_campaign" title="Walter Mondale 1984 presidential campaign">1984</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Bentsen" title="Lloyd Bentsen">Lloyd Bentsen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis_1988_presidential_campaign" title="Michael Dukakis 1988 presidential campaign">1988</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle">Dan Quayle</a> (<a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush_1992_presidential_campaign" title="George H. W. Bush 1992 presidential campaign">1992</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Kemp" title="Jack Kemp">Jack Kemp</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole_1996_presidential_campaign" title="Bob Dole 1996 presidential campaign">1996</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Joe Lieberman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Al_Gore_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Al Gore 2000 presidential campaign">2000</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Edwards" title="John Edwards">John Edwards</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_Kerry_2004_presidential_campaign" title="John Kerry 2004 presidential campaign">2004</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Sarah Palin</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_McCain_2008_presidential_campaign" title="John McCain 2008 presidential campaign">2008</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ryan" title="Paul Ryan">Paul Ryan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign">2012</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Tim Kaine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign">2016</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a> (<a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign">2020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Walz" title="Tim Walz">Tim Walz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign">2024</a>)</li></ol></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_vice-presidential_candidates_by_year" title="Category:United States vice-presidential candidates by year">All vice presidential candidates</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">Vice presidents</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456794#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456794#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456794#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000073679334">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/10224864">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/184959/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfMf7bGhmc94fMFwpYHG3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1034288547">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84232123">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p132622270">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007280761505171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14382231">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td 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href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6fz80vr">SNAC</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6sx6hkc">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rufus_King&oldid=1252986445">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rufus_King&oldid=1252986445</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1755_births" title="Category:1755 births">1755 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1827_deaths" 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