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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Flora+%28plantkunde%29" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Flora+%28plantkunde%29" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Flora+%28plantkunde%29" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Naam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Naam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gebruik_van_termen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gebruik_van_termen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Gebruik van termen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gebruik_van_termen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Floristisch_onderzoek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Floristisch_onderzoek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Floristisch onderzoek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Floristisch_onderzoek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Flora (plantkunde)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 82 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-82" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">82 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora" title="Flora – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Flora" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="نبيت – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نبيت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora" title="Flora – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Flora" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora_(botanika)" title="Flora (botanika) – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Flora (botanika)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora" title="Flora – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Flora" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Флора – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Флора" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Флёра – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Флёра" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Флора – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Флора" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2" title="উদ্ভিদকুল – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উদ্ভিদকুল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struzh" title="Struzh – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Struzh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora" title="Flora – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Flora" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora" title="Flora – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Flora" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kv%C4%9Btena" title="Květena – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Květena" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Флора – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Флора" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora_(botanik)" title="Flora (botanik) – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Flora (botanik)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora" title="Flora – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Flora" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora_(botanik)" title="Flora (botanik) – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Flora (botanik)" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%BB%CF%89%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B1" title="Χλωρίδα – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χλωρίδα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora" title="Flora – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Flora" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fla%C5%ADro" title="Flaŭro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Flaŭro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora" title="Flora – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Flora" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taimestik" title="Taimestik – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Taimestik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora" title="Flora – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Flora" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="گیاگان – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گیاگان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasvisto" title="Kasvisto – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kasvisto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasvoq" title="Kasvoq – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kasvoq" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flore" title="Flore – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Flore" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora" title="Flora – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Flora" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94" title="פלורה – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פלורה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4" title="वनस्पतिजात – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वनस्पतिजात" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora" title="Flora – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Flora" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fl%C3%B3ra_(biol%C3%B3gia)" title="Flóra (biológia) – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Flóra (biológia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B0" title="Բուսական աշխարհ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բուսական աշխարհ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora" title="Flora – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Flora" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora" title="Flora – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Flora" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora" title="Flora – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Flora" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fl%C3%B3ra_(l%C3%ADffr%C3%A6%C3%B0i)" title="Flóra (líffræði) – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Flóra (líffræði)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora" title="Flora – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Flora" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%9B%B8" title="植物相 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="植物相" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ფლორა – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფლორა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Флора – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Флора" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9D%EB%AC%BC%EC%83%81" title="식물상 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="식물상" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora" title="Flora – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Flora" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Флора – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Флора" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora_(plantae)" title="Flora (plantae) – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Flora (plantae)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora_(plante)" title="Flora (plante) – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Flora (plante)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora" title="Flora – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Flora" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora" title="Flora – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Flora" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Флора – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Флора" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1" title="ഫ്ലോറ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫ്ലോറ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora" title="Flora – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Flora" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlanelhuayotl" title="Tlanelhuayotl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tlanelhuayotl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora_i_botanikken" title="Flora i botanikken – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Flora i botanikken" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora_(botanikk)" title="Flora (botanikk) – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Flora (botanikk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fl%C3%B2ra_(biologia)" title="Flòra (biologia) – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Flòra (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flore" title="Flore – Picardisch" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Flore" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora" title="Flora – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Flora" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="فلورا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فلورا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora" title="Flora – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Flora" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flor%C4%83" title="Floră – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Floră" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Флора – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Флора" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Флора – Roetheens" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Флора" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Roetheens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora" title="Flora – Noord-Samisch" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Flora" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Noord-Samisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora_(biljke)" title="Flora (biljke) – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Flora (biljke)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora" title="Flora – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Flora" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fl%C3%B3ra_(kvetena)" title="Flóra (kvetena) – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Flóra (kvetena)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastlinstvo" title="Rastlinstvo – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rastlinstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora" title="Flora – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Flora" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Флора – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Флора" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora_(botanik)" title="Flora (botanik) – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Flora (botanik)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="தாவரவளம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தாவரவளம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Олами наботот – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Олами наботот" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanghalamanan" title="Sanghalamanan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sanghalamanan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora_(botanik)" title="Flora (botanik) – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Flora (botanik)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Флора – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Флора" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora" title="Flora – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Flora" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%87_th%E1%BB%B1c_v%E1%BA%ADt" title="Hệ thực vật – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hệ thực vật" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora" title="Flora – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Flora" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%BE%A4" title="植物群 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="植物群" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ფლორა – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფლორა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%9B%B8" title="植物相 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="植物相" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora" title="Flora – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Flora" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q131449#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hulpmiddelen</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Meer opties" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handelingen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Flora_(plantkunde)"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_(plantkunde)&veaction=edit" title="Deze pagina bewerken [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_(plantkunde)&action=edit" title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_(plantkunde)&action=history"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:VerwijzingenNaarHier/Flora_(plantkunde)" title="Lijst met alle pagina's die naar deze pagina verwijzen [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Links naar deze pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingenGelinkt/Flora_(plantkunde)" rel="nofollow" title="Recente wijzigingen in pagina's waar deze pagina naar verwijst [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Gerelateerde wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=nl" title="Bestanden uploaden [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Bestand uploaden</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:SpecialePaginas" title="Lijst met alle speciale 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href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFlora_%28plantkunde%29"><span>QR-code downloaden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Afdrukken/exporteren </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Flora+%28plantkunde%29"><span>Boek aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Flora_%28plantkunde%29&action=show-download-screen"><span>Downloaden als PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_(plantkunde)&printable=yes" title="Printvriendelijke versie van deze pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Afdrukversie</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In andere projecten </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Flora" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q131449" title="Koppeling naar item in verbonden gegevensrepository [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flora.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flora.png/260px-Flora.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Flora.png 1.5x" data-file-width="332" data-file-height="208" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Diagram" title="Diagram">Diagram</a> van de flora</figcaption></figure> <p>Een <b>flora</b> is een in <a href="/wiki/Systematiek_(biologie)" title="Systematiek (biologie)">systematische volgorde</a> gerangschikte lijst van in een gebied voorkomende <a href="/wiki/Soort" title="Soort">soorten</a> en lagere <a href="/wiki/Taxon" title="Taxon">taxa</a>. Onder systematische volgorde wordt verstaan dat de soorten gegroepeerd zijn per <a href="/wiki/Geslacht_(biologie)" title="Geslacht (biologie)">geslacht</a>, en de geslachten weer per <a href="/wiki/Familie_(biologie)" title="Familie (biologie)">familie</a>. Vaak worden vindplaatsgegevens vermeld, de verblijfplaats van <a href="/wiki/Herbarium" title="Herbarium">herbariummateriaal</a>, specifieke <a href="/wiki/Plantenmorfologie" title="Plantenmorfologie">morfologische kenmerken</a> en <a href="/wiki/Determinatie" title="Determinatie">determinatietabellen</a>. </p><p>Flora's van gebieden worden bij het <a href="/wiki/Floristiek" title="Floristiek">floristische onderzoek</a> opgesteld in het kader van de <a href="/wiki/Plantengeografie" title="Plantengeografie">plantengeografie</a> (areaalkunde, chorologie, floristische <a href="/wiki/Geobotanie" title="Geobotanie">geobotanie</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De flora is een belangrijk een onderdeel van het <a href="/wiki/Vegetatiekunde" title="Vegetatiekunde">onderzoek van de vegetatie</a>, naast de mate van voorkomen van de verschillende soorten, hun stadium in de <a href="/wiki/Levenscyclus_(zaadplanten)" title="Levenscyclus (zaadplanten)">levenscyclus</a> en de ruimtelijke <a href="/wiki/Vegetatiestructuur" title="Vegetatiestructuur">structuur</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naam">Naam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_(plantkunde)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Naam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_(plantkunde)&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Naam"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De flora dankt haar naam aan <a href="/wiki/Flora_(godin)" title="Flora (godin)">Flora</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Romeinse_mythologie" title="Romeinse mythologie">Romeinse godin</a> van de planten en bloemen en de vruchtbaarheid. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gebruik_van_termen">Gebruik van termen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_(plantkunde)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Gebruik van termen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_(plantkunde)&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Gebruik van termen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Flora is oorspronkelijk een publicatie (vaak in een <a href="/wiki/Wetenschappelijk_tijdschrift" title="Wetenschappelijk tijdschrift">wetenschappelijk tijdschrift</a>) met opsomming van families, geslachten, soorten en variëteiten met kritische bespreking van de <a href="/wiki/Taxon" title="Taxon">taxa</a> in een bepaald welomschreven gebied. Indien daartoe aanleiding bestond konden soorten of andere taxa op grond van <a href="/wiki/Plantenmorfologie" title="Plantenmorfologie">morfologische kenmerken</a> worden samengevoegd, of nieuwe taxa worden onderscheiden. </p><p>In het spraakgebruik is de term flora overgegaan op het <a href="/wiki/Flora_(overzichtswerk)" title="Flora (overzichtswerk)">naslagwerk</a> – meestal met een sleutel voor <a href="/wiki/Determinatie" title="Determinatie">determinatie</a>, met een <a href="/wiki/Status_(biogeografie)" title="Status (biogeografie)">statusaanduiding</a>, met een beschrijving van de <a href="/wiki/Diagnose" title="Diagnose">diagnostische</a> <a href="/wiki/Beschrijvende_plantkunde" title="Beschrijvende plantkunde">morfologische kenmerken</a>, vaak met afbeeldingen, soms ook van de <a href="/wiki/Biotoop" title="Biotoop">standplaatsgegevens</a> en een aanduiding voor welke milieufactoren het <a href="/wiki/Indicatorsoort" title="Indicatorsoort">taxon indicatief</a> is. </p><p>Bij <a href="/wiki/Micro-organisme" title="Micro-organisme">micro-organismen</a> gebruikt men ook wel de term flora, zoals bij "<a href="/wiki/Darmflora" title="Darmflora">darmflora</a>" (systematisch overzicht van de micro-organismen die in de darm leven) en bij "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mondflora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mondflora (de pagina bestaat niet)">mondflora</a>" (het systematische overzicht van de micro-organismen die in de mond leven). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Floristisch_onderzoek">Floristisch onderzoek</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_(plantkunde)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Floristisch onderzoek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_(plantkunde)&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Floristisch onderzoek"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie artikel <a href="/wiki/Floristiek" title="Floristiek">Floristiek</a>.</i></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Floristiek" title="Floristiek">Floristiek</a> is het <a href="/wiki/Plantengeografie" title="Plantengeografie">plantengeografisch onderzoek</a> aan de flora en houdt verschillende zaken in, zoals het onderzoek naar de in een bepaald gebied aanwezige flora en het onderzoek naar het <a href="/wiki/Verspreidingsgebied" title="Verspreidingsgebied">verspreidingsgebied</a> (areaal) van soorten en de verklaring daarvan. Een <i>florist</i> is een onderzoeker die zich bezig houdt met de floristiek.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Floristiek wordt vaak bedreven in het kader van ander onderzoek, zoals bij de inventarisatie van gebieden ten behoeve van de bepaling van <a href="/wiki/Natuurwaarde" title="Natuurwaarde">natuurwaarden</a> en kwetsbaarheid voor luchtverontreiniging, verdroging en overbemesting. Andere typen onderzoek met een floristische component zijn plantensystematiek, vegetatiekunde en de plantengeografie. Floristen zijn de professionele en amateur<a href="/wiki/Onderzoeker" title="Onderzoeker">onderzoekers</a> van de flora van een gebied. </p><p>Op grond van overeenkomsten in de samenstelling van de flora tussen gebieden kunnen er <a href="/wiki/Plantengeografie" title="Plantengeografie">plantengeografische</a> eenheden worden onderscheiden, bijvoorbeeld <a href="/wiki/Floradistrict" title="Floradistrict">floradistricten</a> en <a href="/wiki/Florarijk" title="Florarijk">florarijken</a>, zoals mediterrane, Midden-Europese en tropische flora. Indien uiteenliggende gebieden overeenkomst in flora vertonen vormen ze samen een <a href="/wiki/Florarijk" title="Florarijk">florarijk</a>. </p><p>Bij floristische onderzoek wordt maar een klein deel van de volledige flora onderzocht, afhankelijk van de vraagstelling van het onderzoek, de specialisatie van de onderzoeker, de schaal van het onderzoek en de te onderzoeken objecten. Voorbeelden van verschillende typen flora, al naargelang waar de aandacht (per gebied) naar uitgaat: </p> <ol><li>naar <a href="/wiki/Biotoop" title="Biotoop">biotooptype</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkerflora" title="Akkerflora">akkerflora</a>: de flora van het akkerland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpiene_zone" title="Alpiene zone">alpiene</a> flora: de flora van de alpiene zone in gebergten</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosflora" title="Bosflora">bosflora</a>: de flora van het bos</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kust" title="Kust">kustflora</a>: de in kustgebieden voorkomende plantensoorten</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stroomdalflora" title="Stroomdalflora">stroomdalflora</a>: de flora van stroomdalen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwelder" title="Kwelder">kwelder</a>- of wadflora: de flora van de kwelders van de <a href="/wiki/Waddenzee" title="Waddenzee">waddengebieden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruderaal_terrein" title="Ruderaal terrein">ruderale</a> flora: de flora van ruderale gebieden</li></ul></li> <li>naar <a href="/wiki/Substraat_(ecologie)" title="Substraat (ecologie)">substraat</a>: <ul><li>zoutflora, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zouttolerantie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zouttolerantie (de pagina bestaat niet)">zouttolerante</a> soorten gebonden aan zilte tot zoute bodems</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zink_(element)" title="Zink (element)">zinkflora</a>, soorten die een hoog zinkgehalte in de boden verdragen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epifyt" title="Epifyt">epifytenflora</a>, soorten die epifytisch groeien op andere planten, bijvoorbeeld ten behoeve van de vaststelling van <a href="/wiki/Epifytenwoestijn" title="Epifytenwoestijn">epifytenwoestijnen</a> door luchtvervuiling</li></ul></li> <li>naar soortengroepen: <ul><li>mosflora: <a href="/wiki/Mossen" title="Mossen">mossen</a> in een bepaald gebied</li></ul></li> <li>naar geologische vindplaats of periode, bijvoorbeeld: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carboon" title="Carboon">Carboonflora</a>, landplanten uit het Carboon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhynie_Chert" title="Rhynie Chert">Rhynie Chert</a>-flora, <a href="/wiki/Fossiel" title="Fossiel">fossiele</a> landplanten aangetroffen in de Rhynie Chert</li></ul></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_(plantkunde)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_(plantkunde)&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vegetatie" title="Vegetatie">Vegetatie</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Walter, H.</span> (1973) p. 9-10. <i>Einleitung.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Walter, H.</span> (1973) p. 11-15. <i>Floristische Geobotanik oder Arealkunde. Das Wesen der Pflanzenareale,</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Harder, R., F. Firbas, W. Schumacher & D. von Denffer</span> (1962) p. 653. <i>Vierter Teil. Pflanzengeographie.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Soms worden <a href="/wiki/Bloemist" title="Bloemist">bloemisten</a> met een <a href="/wiki/Anglicisme" title="Anglicisme">anglicisme</a> ook "florist" genoemd.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Literatuur</b> </p> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Duits">(<span>de</span>) </span> <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Harder, R., Firbas, F., Schumacher, W. & Von Denffer, D.</span> (1962) <i>Lehrbuch der Botanik für Hochschulen.</i> 28. Auflage. Gustav Fischer Verlag. Stuttgart.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Duits">(<span>de</span>) </span> <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Walter, H.</span> (1973) <i>Allgemeine Geobotanik. Eine kurze Einführung.</i> Uni-Taschebücher 284. UTB Ulmer. Verlag Eugen Ulmer Stuttgart. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/3-8001-2424-6" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/3-8001-2424-6">ISBN 3-8001-2424-6</a></span></li></ul> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}</style> <div class="navigatie mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Plantkunde_en_deelgebieden" data-expandtext="Uitklappen" data-collapsetext="Inklappen"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><div class="navigatie-bewerken show-autoconfirmed nomobile"><span class="nowrap skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigatie_plantkunde" title="Sjabloon:Navigatie plantkunde"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nl:Overleg_sjabloon:Navigatie_plantkunde" title="Overleg sjabloon"><img alt="Overleg sjabloon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 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deelgebieden</div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud mw-collapsible-content"> <div style="background-color: var(--navigatie-titelbalkkleur,#ddeef8);"><b><a href="/wiki/Geobotanie" title="Geobotanie">Geobotanie</a></b> (planten als onderdeel van de biosfeer)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67785531">.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel{margin:0 auto 0 auto;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding-left:0.5em}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;width:100%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:unset}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding:unset}}</style><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="links" style="width:19em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Plantengeografie" title="Plantengeografie">Plantengeografie</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Adventief_(plant)" title="Adventief (plant)">adventief</a> · <a href="/wiki/Verspreidingsgebied" title="Verspreidingsgebied">areaal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Beschermingsstatus" title="Beschermingsstatus">beschermingsstatus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bioom" title="Bioom">bioom</a> · <a href="/wiki/Endemie_(biogeografie)" title="Endemie (biogeografie)">endemie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Exoot" title="Exoot">exoot</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">flora</a> · <a href="/wiki/Floradistrict" title="Floradistrict">floradistrict</a> · <a href="/wiki/Floristiek" title="Floristiek">floristiek</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vegetatiezonering_in_gebergten" title="Vegetatiezonering in gebergten">hoogtezonering</a> · <a href="/wiki/Invasieve_soort" title="Invasieve soort">invasieve soort</a> · <a href="/wiki/Plantengeografie" title="Plantengeografie">Plantengeografie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Status_(biogeografie)" title="Status (biogeografie)">status</a> · <a href="/wiki/Stinsenplant" title="Stinsenplant">stinsenplant</a> · <a href="/wiki/Uitsterven" title="Uitsterven">uitsterven</a> · <a href="/wiki/Verspreidingsgebied" title="Verspreidingsgebied">verspreidingsgebied</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Paleobotanie" title="Paleobotanie">Paleobotanie</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Archeobotanie" title="Archeobotanie">archeobotanie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dendrochronologie" title="Dendrochronologie">dendrochronologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fossiele_planten" title="Fossiele planten">fossiele planten</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gyttja" title="Gyttja">gyttja</a> · <a href="/wiki/Palynologie" title="Palynologie">palynologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pollenzone" title="Pollenzone">pollenzone</a> · <a href="/wiki/Varens_(fossiel)" title="Varens (fossiel)">varens</a> · <a href="/wiki/Veen_(grondsoort)" title="Veen (grondsoort)">veen</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Vegetatiekunde" title="Vegetatiekunde">Vegetatiekunde</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ecologie" title="Ecologie">plantenoecologie</a>:</b></span></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Abundantie_(ecologie)" title="Abundantie (ecologie)">abundantie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Associatie_(vegetatiekunde)" title="Associatie (vegetatiekunde)">associatie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bedekking_(vegetatiekunde)" title="Bedekking (vegetatiekunde)">bedekking</a> · <a href="/wiki/Biodiversiteit" title="Biodiversiteit">biodiversiteit</a> · <a href="/wiki/Biotoop" title="Biotoop">biotoop</a> · <a href="/wiki/Boomlaag" title="Boomlaag">boomlaag</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bos_(vegetatie)" title="Bos (vegetatie)">bos</a> · <a href="/wiki/Braun-Blanquet-methode" title="Braun-Blanquet-methode">Braun-Blanquet-methode</a> · <a href="/wiki/Broekbos" title="Broekbos">broekbos</a> · <a href="/wiki/Climaxvegetatie" title="Climaxvegetatie">climaxvegetatie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Clusteranalyse" title="Clusteranalyse">clusteranalyse</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gemeenschapsgradi%C3%ABnt" title="Gemeenschapsgradiënt">coenocline</a> · <a href="/wiki/Concurrentie_(ecologie)" title="Concurrentie (ecologie)">concurrentie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Constant_taxon" title="Constant taxon">constant taxon</a> · <a href="/wiki/Contactgemeenschap" title="Contactgemeenschap">contactgemeenschap</a> · <a href="/wiki/Differenti%C3%ABrend_taxon" title="Differentiërend taxon">differentiërend taxon</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dwergstruweel" title="Dwergstruweel">dwergstruweel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ecologische_gradi%C3%ABnt" title="Ecologische gradiënt">ecologische gradiënt</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ecologische_groep" title="Ecologische groep">ecologische groep</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ellenberg-indicatorwaarde" title="Ellenberg-indicatorwaarde">Ellenberg-indicatorwaarde</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gemeenschapsgradi%C3%ABnt" title="Gemeenschapsgradiënt">gemeenschapsgradiënt</a> · <a href="/wiki/Grasland" title="Grasland">grasland</a> · <a href="/wiki/Heide_(vegetatie)" title="Heide (vegetatie)">heide</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kentaxon" title="Kentaxon">kentaxon</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kruidlaag" title="Kruidlaag">kruidlaag</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kwelder" title="Kwelder">kwelder</a> · <a href="/wiki/Minimumareaal" title="Minimumareaal">minimumareaal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Moeras" title="Moeras">moeras</a> · <a href="/wiki/Moslaag" title="Moslaag">moslaag</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ordinatie" title="Ordinatie">ordinatie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pioniersoort" title="Pioniersoort">pioniersoort</a> · <a href="/wiki/Plantengemeenschap" title="Plantengemeenschap">plantengemeenschap</a> · <a href="/wiki/Potentieel_natuurlijke_vegetatie" title="Potentieel natuurlijke vegetatie">potentieel natuurlijke vegetatie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Presentie_(vegetatiekunde)" title="Presentie (vegetatiekunde)">presentie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Regenwoud" title="Regenwoud">regenwoud</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vegetatieopname" title="Vegetatieopname">relevé</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ruigte" title="Ruigte">ruigte</a> · <a href="/wiki/Savanne_(landschap)" title="Savanne (landschap)">savanne</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kwelder" title="Kwelder">schor</a> · <a href="/wiki/Steppe" title="Steppe">steppe</a> · <a href="/wiki/Struiklaag" title="Struiklaag">struiklaag</a> · <a href="/wiki/Struweel" title="Struweel">struweel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Successie_(ecologie)" title="Successie (ecologie)">successie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Syntaxon" title="Syntaxon">syntaxon</a> · <a href="/wiki/Syntaxonomie" title="Syntaxonomie">syntaxonomie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vegetatieschaal_van_Tansley" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetatieschaal van Tansley">Tansley (methode)</a> · <a href="/wiki/Toendra" title="Toendra">toendra</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tropisch_regenwoud" title="Tropisch regenwoud">tropisch regenwoud</a> · <a href="/wiki/Trouw_(vegetatiekunde)" title="Trouw (vegetatiekunde)">trouw</a> · <a href="/wiki/Veen_(grondsoort)" title="Veen (grondsoort)">veen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vegetatie" title="Vegetatie">vegetatie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vegetatielaag" title="Vegetatielaag">vegetatielaag</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vegetatieopname" title="Vegetatieopname">vegetatieopname</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vegetatiestructuur" title="Vegetatiestructuur">vegetatiestructuur</a> · <a href="/wiki/Plantengemeenschap" title="Plantengemeenschap">vegetatietype</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vergrassing" title="Vergrassing">vergrassing</a> · <a href="/wiki/Verlanding" title="Verlanding">verlanding</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="background-color: var(--navigatie-titelbalkkleur,#ddeef8);"><b><a href="/wiki/Idiobotanie" title="Idiobotanie">Idiobotanie</a></b> (planten onder gecontroleerde omstandigheden)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67785531"><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="links" style="width:19em;"></td><td class="rechts"></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Plantenmorfologie" title="Plantenmorfologie">Plantenmorfologie</a> & <a href="/wiki/Plantenanatomie" title="Plantenanatomie">-anatomie</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Beschrijvende_plantkunde" title="Beschrijvende plantkunde">beschrijvende plantkunde</a> · <a href="/wiki/Adventief_(morfologie)" title="Adventief (morfologie)">adventief</a> · <a href="/wiki/Apoplast" title="Apoplast">apoplast</a> · <a href="/wiki/Blad_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blad (hoofdbetekenis)">blad</a> · <a href="/wiki/Chloroplast" title="Chloroplast">bladgroenkorrel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fyllotaxis" title="Fyllotaxis">bladstand</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bloeiwijze" title="Bloeiwijze">bloeiwijze</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bloem_(plant)" title="Bloem (plant)">bloem</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kroonblad" title="Kroonblad">bloemkroon</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kroon_(plant)" title="Kroon (plant)">boomkruin</a> · <a href="/wiki/Celwand" title="Celwand">celwand</a> · <a href="/wiki/Chloroplast" title="Chloroplast">chloroplast</a> · <a href="/wiki/Collenchym" title="Collenchym">collenchym</a> · <a href="/wiki/Schors" title="Schors">cortex</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cuticula_(planten)" title="Cuticula (planten)">cuticula</a> · <a href="/wiki/Eicel" title="Eicel">eicel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Epidermis" title="Epidermis">epidermis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kurk_(weefsel)" title="Kurk (weefsel)">felleem</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kurkcambium" title="Kurkcambium">fellogeen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kurkschors" title="Kurkschors">felloderm</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fenologie" title="Fenologie">fenologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Flo%C3%ABem" title="Floëem">floëem</a> · <a href="/wiki/Beschrijvende_plantkunde" title="Beschrijvende plantkunde">fytografie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gameet" title="Gameet">gameet</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gametofyt" title="Gametofyt">gametofyt</a> · <a href="/wiki/Groeivorm" title="Groeivorm">groeivorm</a> · <a href="/wiki/Haar_(plant)" title="Haar (plant)">haar</a> · <a href="/wiki/Houtvat" title="Houtvat">houtvat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Huidmondje" title="Huidmondje">huidmondje</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hypodermis" title="Hypodermis">hypodermis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Intercellulaire_ruimte" title="Intercellulaire ruimte">intercellulair</a> · <a href="/wiki/Intercellulaire_ruimte" title="Intercellulaire ruimte">intercellulaire ruimte</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kelk_(bloem)" title="Kelk (bloem)">kelk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kroonblad" title="Kroonblad">kroonblad</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kurk_(weefsel)" title="Kurk (weefsel)">kurk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kurkcambium" title="Kurkcambium">kurkcambium</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kurkschors" title="Kurkschors">kurkschors</a> · <a href="/wiki/Levensduur_(plant)" title="Levensduur (plant)">levensduur</a> · <a href="/wiki/Levensvorm" title="Levensvorm">levensvorm</a> · <a href="/wiki/Merg_(plant)" title="Merg (plant)">merg</a> · <a href="/wiki/Meristeem" title="Meristeem">meristeem</a> · <a href="/wiki/Middenlamel" title="Middenlamel">middenlamel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Palissadeparenchym" title="Palissadeparenchym">palissadeparenchym</a> · <a href="/wiki/Parenchym_(plantkunde)" title="Parenchym (plantkunde)">parenchym</a> · <a href="/wiki/Periderm_(plant)" title="Periderm (plant)">periderm</a> · <a href="/wiki/Plantaardige_cel" title="Plantaardige cel">plantaardige cel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Plastide" title="Plastide">plastide</a> · <a href="/wiki/Schors" title="Schors">schors</a> · <a href="/wiki/Steencel" title="Steencel">sclereïde</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sclerenchym" title="Sclerenchym">sclerenchym</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zaadcel" title="Zaadcel">spermatozoïde</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sponsparenchym" title="Sponsparenchym">sponsparenchym</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sporofyt" title="Sporofyt">sporofyt</a> · <a href="/wiki/Stam_(plant)" title="Stam (plant)">stam</a> · <a href="/wiki/Steencel" title="Steencel">steencel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Stengel" title="Stengel">stengel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Stippel" title="Stippel">stippel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Symplast" title="Symplast">symplast</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tak_(plant)" title="Tak (plant)">tak</a> · <a href="/wiki/Thallus" title="Thallus">thallus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Topmeristeem" title="Topmeristeem">topmeristeem</a> · <a href="/wiki/Houtvat" title="Houtvat">trachee</a> · <a href="/wiki/Trache%C3%AFde" title="Tracheïde">tracheïde</a> · <a href="/wiki/Thyllen" title="Thyllen">thyllen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vaatbundel" title="Vaatbundel">vaatbundel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vacuole" title="Vacuole">vacuole</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vrucht_(plant)" title="Vrucht (plant)">vrucht</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wortel_(plant)" title="Wortel (plant)">wortel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Xyleem" title="Xyleem">xyleem</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zaad_(plant)" title="Zaad (plant)">zaad</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zaadcel" title="Zaadcel">zaadcel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Flo%C3%ABem" title="Floëem">zeefvat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zygote" title="Zygote">zygote</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Plantenfysiologie" title="Plantenfysiologie">Plantenfysiologie</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Ademhaling_(plant)" title="Ademhaling (plant)">ademhaling</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bladzuigkracht" title="Bladzuigkracht">bladzuigkracht</a> · <a href="/wiki/Evapotranspiratie" title="Evapotranspiratie">evapotranspiratie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fotoperiodiciteit" title="Fotoperiodiciteit">fotoperiodiciteit</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fotosynthese" title="Fotosynthese">fotosynthese</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fototropie" title="Fototropie">fototropie </a> · <a href="/wiki/Fytochemie" title="Fytochemie">fytochemie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gaswisseling" title="Gaswisseling">gaswisseling</a> · <a href="/wiki/Geotropie" title="Geotropie">geotropie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Heliotropisme" title="Heliotropisme">heliotropisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nastie" title="Nastie">nastie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Plantenfysiologie" title="Plantenfysiologie">plantenfysiologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Plantenhormoon" title="Plantenhormoon">plantenhormoon</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rubisco" title="Rubisco">rubisco</a> · <a href="/wiki/Stikstoffixatie" title="Stikstoffixatie">stikstoffixatie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Stratificatie_(botanie)" title="Stratificatie (botanie)">stratificatie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Transpiratie_(biologie)" title="Transpiratie (biologie)">transpiratie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Turgordruk" title="Turgordruk">turgordruk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vernalisatie" title="Vernalisatie">vernalisatie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Winterhard" title="Winterhard">winterhard</a> · <a href="/wiki/Worteldruk" title="Worteldruk">worteldruk</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Systematiek_(biologie)" title="Systematiek (biologie)">Plantensystematiek</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomie_(biologie)" title="Taxonomie (biologie)">taxonomie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Botanische_nomenclatuur" title="Botanische nomenclatuur">botanische nomenclatuur</a> · <a href="/wiki/Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Group" title="Angiosperm Phylogeny Group">Angiosperm Phylogeny Group</a> · <a href="/wiki/APG-systeem" title="APG-systeem">APG I-systeem</a> · <a href="/wiki/APG_II-systeem" title="APG II-systeem">APG II-systeem</a> · <a href="/wiki/APG_III-systeem" title="APG III-systeem">APG III-systeem</a> · <a href="/wiki/APG_IV-systeem" title="APG IV-systeem">APG IV-systeem</a> · <a href="/wiki/Algen" title="Algen">algen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Botanische_naam" title="Botanische naam">botanische naam</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cladistiek" title="Cladistiek">cladistiek</a> · <a href="/wiki/Embryophyta" title="Embryophyta">Cormophyta</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cryptogamen" title="Cryptogamen">cryptogamen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Classificatie" title="Classificatie">classificatie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Embryophyta" title="Embryophyta">embryophyta</a> · <a href="/wiki/Endosymbiontentheorie" title="Endosymbiontentheorie">endosymbiontentheorie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Endosymbiose" title="Endosymbiose">endosymbiose</a> · <a href="/wiki/Evolutie_(biologie)" title="Evolutie (biologie)">evolutie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zaadplanten" title="Zaadplanten">fanerogamen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fylogenie" title="Fylogenie">fylogenie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Generatiewisseling" title="Generatiewisseling">generatiewisseling</a> · <a href="/wiki/Groenwieren" title="Groenwieren">groenwieren</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hauwmossen" title="Hauwmossen">hauwmossen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kernfasewisseling" title="Kernfasewisseling">kernfasewisseling</a> · <a href="/wiki/Korstmos" title="Korstmos">korstmossen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kranswieren" title="Kranswieren">kranswieren</a> · <a href="/wiki/Embryophyta" title="Embryophyta">landplanten</a> · <a href="/wiki/Levenscyclus_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Levenscyclus (hoofdbetekenis)">levenscyclus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Levermossen" title="Levermossen">levermossen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mossen" title="Mossen">mossen</a> · <a href="/wiki/PPG_I-systeem" title="PPG I-systeem">PPG I-systeem</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pteridophyte_Phylogeny_Group" title="Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group">Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group</a> · <a href="/wiki/Roodwieren" title="Roodwieren">roodwieren</a> · <a href="/wiki/Varens" title="Varens">varens</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zaadplanten" title="Zaadplanten">zaadplanten</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zeewier" title="Zeewier">zeewier</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="background-color: var(--navigatie-titelbalkkleur,#ddeef8);"><b>Overig</b></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67785531"><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="links" style="width:19em;"></td><td class="rechts"></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Plantkunde#Bijzondere_plantkunde" title="Plantkunde">Bijzondere plantkunde</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Fycologie" title="Fycologie">algologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bryologie" title="Bryologie">bryologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dendrologie" title="Dendrologie">dendrologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fycologie" title="Fycologie">fycologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lichenologie" title="Lichenologie">lichenologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mycologie" title="Mycologie">mycologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Varens" title="Varens">pteridologie</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Flora#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Flora">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Flora#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Flora">Flora</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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