CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Idaho National Laboratory - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"4ff86cd3-f21d-4d06-b75f-0f72df62f59c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Idaho_National_Laboratory","wgTitle":"Idaho National Laboratory","wgCurRevisionId":1259701981,"wgRevisionId":1259701981,"wgArticleId":981118,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2014","All articles containing potentially dated statements","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from July 2014","Articles with unsourced statements from November 2013","Articles needing additional references from August 2014", "All articles needing additional references","Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia","Webarchive template wayback links","Coordinates on Wikidata","Idaho National Laboratory","Buildings and structures in Bingham County, Idaho","Buildings and structures in Bonneville County, Idaho","Buildings and structures in Butte County, Idaho","Buildings and structures in Jefferson County, Idaho","Historic American Engineering Record in Idaho","Historic American Landscapes Survey in Idaho","United States Department of Energy national laboratories","Federally Funded Research and Development Centers","Government buildings in Idaho","Superfund sites in Idaho","Battelle Memorial Institute","Nuclear reprocessing sites","Nuclear fuel infrastructure in the United States","Research institutes in Idaho"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Idaho_National_Laboratory","wgRelevantArticleId":981118,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true ,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":70000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":43.53333333333333,"lon":-112.94472222222223},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1314158","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model", "platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.tmh.player","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp", "ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Nautilus_core.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1523"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Nautilus_core.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1015"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="812"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Idaho National Laboratory - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idaho_National_Laboratory"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idaho_National_Laboratory"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Idaho_National_Laboratory rootpage-Idaho_National_Laboratory skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Idaho+National+Laboratory" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Idaho+National+Laboratory" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Idaho+National+Laboratory" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Idaho+National+Laboratory" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Access" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Access"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Access</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Access-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Research</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Research-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Research subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nuclear_Energy_Projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuclear_Energy_Projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Nuclear Energy Projects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuclear_Energy_Projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Next_Generation_Nuclear_Plant_(NGNP)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Next_Generation_Nuclear_Plant_(NGNP)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Next_Generation_Nuclear_Plant_(NGNP)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fuel_Cycle_Research_&_Development_(FCRD)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fuel_Cycle_Research_&_Development_(FCRD)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Fuel Cycle Research & Development (FCRD)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fuel_Cycle_Research_&_Development_(FCRD)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Light_Water_Reactor_Sustainability_(LWRS)_program" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Light_Water_Reactor_Sustainability_(LWRS)_program"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Light Water Reactor Sustainability (LWRS) program</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Light_Water_Reactor_Sustainability_(LWRS)_program-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Advanced_Test_Reactor_National_Scientific_User_Facility_(ATR_NSUF)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advanced_Test_Reactor_National_Scientific_User_Facility_(ATR_NSUF)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.4</span> <span>Advanced Test Reactor National Scientific User Facility (ATR NSUF)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advanced_Test_Reactor_National_Scientific_User_Facility_(ATR_NSUF)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nuclear_Energy_University_Programs_(NEUP)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuclear_Energy_University_Programs_(NEUP)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.5</span> <span>Nuclear Energy University Programs (NEUP)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuclear_Energy_University_Programs_(NEUP)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multiphysics_Methods_Group_(MMG)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multiphysics_Methods_Group_(MMG)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.6</span> <span>Multiphysics Methods Group (MMG)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multiphysics_Methods_Group_(MMG)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_and_Homeland_Security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_and_Homeland_Security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>National and Homeland Security</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_and_Homeland_Security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Control_systems_cybersecurity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Control_systems_cybersecurity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Control systems cybersecurity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Control_systems_cybersecurity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nuclear_nonproliferation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuclear_nonproliferation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Nuclear nonproliferation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuclear_nonproliferation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy_and_environmental_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy_and_environmental_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Energy and environmental projects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy_and_environmental_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Advanced_Vehicle_Testing_Activity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advanced_Vehicle_Testing_Activity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advanced_Vehicle_Testing_Activity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bioenergy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bioenergy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>Bioenergy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bioenergy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Robotics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Robotics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.3</span> <span>Robotics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Robotics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biological_Systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biological_Systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.4</span> <span>Biological Systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biological_Systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hybrid_energy_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hybrid_energy_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.5</span> <span>Hybrid energy systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hybrid_energy_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nuclear_waste_processing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuclear_waste_processing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.6</span> <span>Nuclear waste processing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuclear_waste_processing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Safety_and_Tritium_Applied_Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Safety_and_Tritium_Applied_Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.7</span> <span>Safety and Tritium Applied Research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Safety_and_Tritium_Applied_Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interdisciplinary_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interdisciplinary_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Interdisciplinary projects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interdisciplinary_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outreach" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outreach"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Outreach</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Outreach-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Outreach subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Outreach-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Scholarships_and_grants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scholarships_and_grants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Scholarships and grants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scholarships_and_grants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Internships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Small_business_outreach" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Small_business_outreach"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Small business outreach</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Small_business_outreach-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Facilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Facilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Facilities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Facilities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Facilities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Advanced_Test_Reactor_(ATR)_complex" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advanced_Test_Reactor_(ATR)_complex"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) complex</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advanced_Test_Reactor_(ATR)_complex-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Materials_and_Fuels_Complex_(MFC)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Materials_and_Fuels_Complex_(MFC)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Materials and Fuels Complex (MFC)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Materials_and_Fuels_Complex_(MFC)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hot_Fuel_Examination_Facility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hot_Fuel_Examination_Facility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Hot Fuel Examination Facility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hot_Fuel_Examination_Facility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Space_and_Security_Power_Systems_Facility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Space_and_Security_Power_Systems_Facility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2</span> <span>Space and Security Power Systems Facility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Space_and_Security_Power_Systems_Facility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fuel_Conditioning_Facility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fuel_Conditioning_Facility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.3</span> <span>Fuel Conditioning Facility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fuel_Conditioning_Facility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transient_Reactor_Test_Facility_(TREAT)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transient_Reactor_Test_Facility_(TREAT)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.3.1</span> <span>Transient Reactor Test Facility (TREAT)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transient_Reactor_Test_Facility_(TREAT)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radiochemistry_Lab" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radiochemistry_Lab"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.4</span> <span>Radiochemistry Lab</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radiochemistry_Lab-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Critical_Infrastructure_Test_Range_Complex_(CITRC)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critical_Infrastructure_Test_Range_Complex_(CITRC)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Critical Infrastructure Test Range Complex (CITRC)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Critical_Infrastructure_Test_Range_Complex_(CITRC)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research_and_Education_Campus_in_Idaho_Falls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research_and_Education_Campus_in_Idaho_Falls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Research and Education Campus in Idaho Falls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research_and_Education_Campus_in_Idaho_Falls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Center_for_Advanced_Energy_Studies_(CAES)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Center_for_Advanced_Energy_Studies_(CAES)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.1</span> <span>Center for Advanced Energy Studies (CAES)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Center_for_Advanced_Energy_Studies_(CAES)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Matched_Index_of_Refraction_(MIR)_facility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Matched_Index_of_Refraction_(MIR)_facility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.2</span> <span>Matched Index of Refraction (MIR) facility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Matched_Index_of_Refraction_(MIR)_facility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geocentrifuge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geocentrifuge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.3</span> <span>Geocentrifuge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geocentrifuge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Earlier_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Earlier_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Earlier projects</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Earlier_projects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Earlier projects subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Earlier_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Experimental_Breeder_Reactor_I_(EBR-I)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Experimental_Breeder_Reactor_I_(EBR-I)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Experimental Breeder Reactor I (EBR-I)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Experimental_Breeder_Reactor_I_(EBR-I)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Experimental_Breeder_Reactor_II_(EBR-II)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Experimental_Breeder_Reactor_II_(EBR-II)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Experimental Breeder Reactor II (EBR-II)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Experimental_Breeder_Reactor_II_(EBR-II)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Loss_of_Fluid_Test_(LOFT)_facility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Loss_of_Fluid_Test_(LOFT)_facility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Loss of Fluid Test (LOFT) facility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Loss_of_Fluid_Test_(LOFT)_facility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Test_Area_North" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Test_Area_North"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Test Area North</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Test_Area_North-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naval_Reactors_Facility_(NRF)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naval_Reactors_Facility_(NRF)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Naval Reactors Facility (NRF)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naval_Reactors_Facility_(NRF)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Materials_Test_Reactor_(MTR)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Materials_Test_Reactor_(MTR)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Materials Test Reactor (MTR)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Materials_Test_Reactor_(MTR)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-BORAX_experiments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BORAX_experiments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>BORAX experiments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BORAX_experiments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.8</span> <span>Other sites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Incidents_and_accidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incidents_and_accidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Incidents and accidents</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Incidents_and_accidents-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Incidents and accidents subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Incidents_and_accidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1961_fatal_incident" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1961_fatal_incident"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>1961 fatal incident</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1961_fatal_incident-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Plutonium-related"_container_leak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Plutonium-related"_container_leak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>"Plutonium-related" container leak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Plutonium-related"_container_leak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2018_radioactive_waste_"drum_breach"_accidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2018_radioactive_waste_"drum_breach"_accidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>2018 radioactive waste "drum breach" accidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2018_radioactive_waste_"drum_breach"_accidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2023_data_breach" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2023_data_breach"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>2023 data breach</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2023_data_breach-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Idaho National Laboratory</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 10 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-10" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">10 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="مختبر أيداهو الوطني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مختبر أيداهو الوطني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idaho_National_Laboratory" title="Idaho National Laboratory – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Idaho National Laboratory" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idaho_National_Laboratory" title="Idaho National Laboratory – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Idaho National Laboratory" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratorio_Nacional_de_Idaho" title="Laboratorio Nacional de Idaho – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Laboratorio Nacional de Idaho" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A2%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88" title="آزمایشگاه ملی آیداهو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آزمایشگاه ملی آیداهو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratoire_national_de_l%27Idaho" title="Laboratoire national de l'Idaho – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Laboratoire national de l'Idaho" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%80%E3%83%9B%E5%9B%BD%E7%AB%8B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80" title="アイダホ国立研究所 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アイダホ国立研究所" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idaho_National_Laboratory" title="Idaho National Laboratory – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Idaho National Laboratory" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE" title="Национальная лаборатория Айдахо – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Национальная лаборатория Айдахо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E8%BE%BE%E8%8D%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%AE%A4" title="爱达荷国家实验室 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="爱达荷国家实验室" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1314158#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Idaho_National_Laboratory" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Idaho_National_Laboratory" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Idaho_National_Laboratory"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Idaho_National_Laboratory"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Idaho_National_Laboratory" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Idaho_National_Laboratory" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&oldid=1259701981" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Idaho_National_Laboratory&id=1259701981&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIdaho_National_Laboratory"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIdaho_National_Laboratory"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Idaho_National_Laboratory" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1314158" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Idaho_National_Laboratory&params=43_32_00_N_112_56_41_W_type:adm2nd_region:US-ID"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°32′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">112°56′41″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.53333°N 112.94472°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.53333; -112.94472</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Laboratory in Idaho Falls, Idaho, United States</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Idaho National Laboratory</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Idaho_National_Laboratory_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/16/Idaho_National_Laboratory_logo.svg/220px-Idaho_National_Laboratory_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/16/Idaho_National_Laboratory_logo.svg/330px-Idaho_National_Laboratory_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/16/Idaho_National_Laboratory_logo.svg/440px-Idaho_National_Laboratory_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="110" data-file-height="24" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Motto" title="Motto">Motto</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>The energy of innovation</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1949</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Research type</th><td class="infobox-data category">nuclear energy, national security, energy, and environment</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Budget" title="Budget">Budget</a></th><td class="infobox-data">approx. <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">$</a>1 billion (2010)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Director_(business)" title="Director (business)">Director</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent">John Wagner</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Employment" title="Employment">Staff</a></th><td class="infobox-data">approx. 5,700 (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Falls,_Idaho" title="Idaho Falls, Idaho">Idaho Falls, Idaho</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S.</a><br />and a large area to the west</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Campus" title="Campus">Campus</a></th><td class="infobox-data">890 sq mi (2,310 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Operating agency</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Battelle_Memorial_Institute" title="Battelle Memorial Institute">Battelle Energy Alliance</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inl.gov/">inl<wbr />.gov</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="text-align:left; font-size:smaller">Former Names:<br />INEEL, INEL, ERDA, NRTS</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:242px"><div style="position:relative;width:240px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="INL is located in the United States"><img alt="INL is located in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/240px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/360px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/480px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:28.581%;left:23.477%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="INL"><img alt="INL" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><small>INL</small></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" title="File:Usa edcp relief location map.png">class=notpageimage| </a></div>Location in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:242px"><div style="position:relative;width:240px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_Idaho_relief_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="INL is located in Idaho"><img alt="INL is located in Idaho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/USA_Idaho_relief_location_map.svg/240px-USA_Idaho_relief_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/USA_Idaho_relief_location_map.svg/360px-USA_Idaho_relief_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/USA_Idaho_relief_location_map.svg/480px-USA_Idaho_relief_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="915" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:76.622%;left:65.316%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="INL"><img alt="INL" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><b>INL</b></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_Idaho_relief_location_map.svg" title="File:USA Idaho relief location map.svg">class=notpageimage| </a></div>Location in <a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a>, west of <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Falls,_Idaho" title="Idaho Falls, Idaho">Idaho Falls</a></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nautilus_core.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Nautilus_core.jpg/220px-Nautilus_core.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Nautilus_core.jpg/330px-Nautilus_core.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Nautilus_core.jpg 2x" data-file-width="372" data-file-height="472" /></a><figcaption>Prototype of core for <a href="/wiki/USS_Nautilus_(SSN-571)" title="USS Nautilus (SSN-571)">USS <i>Nautilus</i> (SSN-571)</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ebr-1.zdv.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Ebr-1.zdv.jpg/220px-Ebr-1.zdv.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Ebr-1.zdv.jpg/330px-Ebr-1.zdv.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Ebr-1.zdv.jpg/440px-Ebr-1.zdv.jpg 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="386" /></a><figcaption>Experimental Breeder Reactor Number 1 in Idaho, the first reactor to generate a usable amount of electricity</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Idaho National Laboratory</b> (<b>INL</b>) is one of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy_national_laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Department of Energy national laboratories">national laboratories</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">United States Department of Energy</a> and is managed by the <a href="/wiki/Battelle_Memorial_Institute" title="Battelle Memorial Institute">Battelle Energy Alliance</a>. Historically, the lab has been involved with nuclear research, although the laboratory does other research as well. Much of current knowledge about how nuclear reactors behave and misbehave was discovered at what is now Idaho National Laboratory. John Grossenbacher, former INL director, said, "The history of nuclear energy for peaceful application has principally been written in Idaho".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Various organizations have built more than 50 reactors at what is commonly called "the Site", including the ones that gave the world its first usable amount of electricity from nuclear power and the power plant for the world's first nuclear submarine. Although many are now decommissioned, these facilities are the largest concentration of reactors in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is on a 890-square-mile (2,310 km<sup>2</sup>) complex in the high desert of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Idaho" title="Eastern Idaho">eastern Idaho</a>, between <a href="/wiki/Arco,_Idaho" title="Arco, Idaho">Arco</a> to the west and <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Falls,_Idaho" title="Idaho Falls, Idaho">Idaho Falls</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blackfoot,_Idaho" title="Blackfoot, Idaho">Blackfoot</a> to the east. <a href="/wiki/Atomic_City,_Idaho" title="Atomic City, Idaho">Atomic City, Idaho</a> is just south. The laboratory employs approximately 5,700 people.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:INL_timeline1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/INL_timeline1.jpg/220px-INL_timeline1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/INL_timeline1.jpg/330px-INL_timeline1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/INL_timeline1.jpg/440px-INL_timeline1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1125" /></a><figcaption>Timeline of INL events</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:INLtimeline2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/INLtimeline2.jpg/220px-INLtimeline2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/INLtimeline2.jpg/330px-INLtimeline2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/INLtimeline2.jpg/440px-INLtimeline2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1125" /></a><figcaption>Timeline continued</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:INLtimeline3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/INLtimeline3.jpg/220px-INLtimeline3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/INLtimeline3.jpg/330px-INLtimeline3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/INLtimeline3.jpg/440px-INLtimeline3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1125" /></a><figcaption>Timeline continued</figcaption></figure> <p>What is now Idaho National Laboratory in southeastern Idaho began its life as a U.S. government artillery test range in the 1940s. Shortly after the <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor</a>, the U.S. military needed a safe location for performing maintenance on the Navy's most powerful turreted guns. The guns were brought in via rail to near <a href="/wiki/Pocatello,_Idaho" title="Pocatello, Idaho">Pocatello, Idaho</a>, to be re-sleeved, rifled and tested.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the Navy began to focus on post-World War II and <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> threats, the types of projects worked on in the Idaho desert changed, too. Perhaps the most well-known was the building of the prototype reactor for the world's first nuclear-powered submarine, the <a href="/wiki/USS_Nautilus_(SSN-571)" title="USS Nautilus (SSN-571)">USS <i>Nautilus</i></a>. </p><p>In 1949, the federal research facility was established as the <b>National Reactor Testing Station</b> (<b>NRTS</b>).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1975, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission">United States Atomic Energy Commission</a> (AEC) was divided into the <a href="/wiki/Energy_Research_and_Development_Administration" title="Energy Research and Development Administration">Energy Research and Development Administration</a> (ERDA) and the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Regulatory_Commission" title="Nuclear Regulatory Commission">Nuclear Regulatory Commission</a> (NRC). The Idaho site was renamed the <b>Idaho National Engineering Laboratory</b> (<b>INEL</b>) in 1974. After two decades as INEL, the name was changed again to the <b>Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory</b> (<b>INEEL</b>) in 1997. Throughout its lifetime, there have been more than 50 one-of-a-kind <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">nuclear reactors</a> built by various organizations at the facility for testing; all but three are out of service. </p><p>On February 1, 2005, <a href="/wiki/Battelle_Memorial_Institute" title="Battelle Memorial Institute">Battelle</a> Energy Alliance took over operation of the lab from <a href="/wiki/Bechtel" title="Bechtel">Bechtel</a>, merged with <a href="/wiki/Argonne_National_Laboratory" title="Argonne National Laboratory">Argonne National Laboratory</a>-West, and the facility name was changed to "Idaho National Laboratory" (INL).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this time the site's clean-up activities were moved to a separate contract, the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://idahocleanupproject.com/">Idaho Cleanup Project</a>, which is currently managed by the Idaho Environmental Coalition, LLC. Research activities were consolidated in the newly named Idaho National Laboratory. </p><p>According to AP news reports in April 2018, a single barrel of "radioactive sludge" ruptured while being prepared for transport to the <a href="/wiki/Waste_Isolation_Pilot_Plant" title="Waste Isolation Pilot Plant">Waste Isolation Pilot Plant</a> in Southeast New Mexico for permanent storage. The 55-gallon barrel that ruptured is part of the badly-documented radioactive waste from the Rocky Flats Plant near Denver.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Access">Access</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Access"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Snake_River_Plain" title="Snake River Plain">Snake River Plain</a>, most of INL is high desert <a href="/wiki/Shrubland" title="Shrubland">with scrub vegetation</a> and a number of facilities scattered throughout the area; the average <a href="/wiki/Elevation" title="Elevation">elevation</a> of the complex is 5,000 feet (1,520 m) above sea level. INL is accessible by <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_20" title="U.S. Route 20">U.S. Route 20</a> and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_26" title="U.S. Route 26">U.S. Route 26</a>, but most of the area (except <a href="/wiki/Experimental_Breeder_Reactor_I" title="Experimental Breeder Reactor I">Experimental Breeder Reactor I</a>) is restricted to authorized personnel and requires appropriate <a href="/wiki/Security_clearance" title="Security clearance">security clearance</a>. The tiny town of <a href="/wiki/Atomic_City,_Idaho" title="Atomic City, Idaho">Atomic City</a> is on the INL's southern border, and the <a href="/wiki/Craters_of_the_Moon_National_Monument_and_Preserve" title="Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve">Craters of the Moon National Monument</a> is to the southwest. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nuclear_Energy_Projects">Nuclear Energy Projects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Nuclear Energy Projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Next_Generation_Nuclear_Plant_(NGNP)"><span id="Next_Generation_Nuclear_Plant_.28NGNP.29"></span>Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_Nuclear_Plant" title="Next Generation Nuclear Plant">Next Generation Nuclear Plant</a></div> <p>One part of this program to develop improved nuclear power plants is the "<a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_Nuclear_Plant" title="Next Generation Nuclear Plant">Next Generation Nuclear Plant</a>" or NGNP, which would be the demonstration of a new way to use nuclear energy for more than electricity. The heat generated from nuclear fission in the plant could provide process heat for <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_production" title="Hydrogen production">hydrogen production</a> and other industrial purposes, while also generating electricity. And the NGNP would use a high-temperature gas reactor,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which would have redundant safety systems that rely on natural physical processes more than human or mechanical intervention. </p><p>INL worked with private industry to develop the NGNP between 2005 and 2011. It was commissioned to lead this effort by the United States Department of Energy as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Energy_Policy_Act_of_2005" title="Energy Policy Act of 2005">Energy Policy Act of 2005</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2011, the project has languished and funding for it ceased. The design for this reactor is currently owned by Framatome. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fuel_Cycle_Research_&_Development_(FCRD)"><span id="Fuel_Cycle_Research_.26_Development_.28FCRD.29"></span>Fuel Cycle Research & Development (FCRD)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fuel Cycle Research & Development (FCRD)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Fuel Cycle Research & Development program aims to help expand nuclear energy's benefits by addressing some of the issues inherent to the current life cycle of nuclear reactor fuel in the United States. These efforts strive to make nuclear energy's expansion safe, secure, economic and sustainable. </p><p>Currently, the United States, like many other countries, employs an "open-ended" nuclear fuel cycle, whereby nuclear power plant fuel is used only once and then placed in a repository for indefinite storage. One of the primary FCRD goals is to research, develop and demonstrate ways to "close" the fuel cycle so fuel is reused or recycled rather than being shelved before all of its energy has been used. INL coordinates many of the FCRD's national research efforts, including: </p> <ul><li>Continuing critical fuel cycle research and development (R&D) activities</li> <li>Pursuing the development of policy and regulatory framework to support fuel cycle closure</li> <li>Developing deployable technologies</li> <li>Establishing advanced modeling and simulation program elements</li> <li>Implementing a science-based R&D program<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Light_Water_Reactor_Sustainability_(LWRS)_program"><span id="Light_Water_Reactor_Sustainability_.28LWRS.29_program"></span>Light Water Reactor Sustainability (LWRS) program</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Light Water Reactor Sustainability (LWRS) program"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Light_Water_Reactor_Sustainability_Program" title="Light Water Reactor Sustainability Program">Light Water Reactor Sustainability Program</a> supports national efforts to do the research and gather the information necessary to demonstrate whether it is safe and prudent to apply for extensions beyond 60 years of operating life. </p><p>The Program aims to safely and economically extend the service lives of the more than 100 electricity-generating nuclear power plants in the United States. The program brings together technical information, performs important research and organizes data to be used in license-extension applications.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Advanced_Test_Reactor_National_Scientific_User_Facility_(ATR_NSUF)"><span id="Advanced_Test_Reactor_National_Scientific_User_Facility_.28ATR_NSUF.29"></span>Advanced Test Reactor National Scientific User Facility (ATR NSUF)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Advanced Test Reactor National Scientific User Facility (ATR NSUF)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>INL's Advanced Test Reactor is a research reactor located approximately 50 miles (80 km) from Idaho Falls, Idaho. </p><p>The Department of Energy named <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Test_Reactor" title="Advanced Test Reactor">Advanced Test Reactor</a> (ATR) a National Scientific User Facility in April 2007. This designation opened the facility to use by university-led scientific research groups and gives them free access to the ATR and other resources at INL and partner facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to a rolling proposal solicitation with two closing dates each year, INL holds an annual "Users Week" and summer session to familiarize researchers with the user facility capabilities available to them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nuclear_Energy_University_Programs_(NEUP)"><span id="Nuclear_Energy_University_Programs_.28NEUP.29"></span>Nuclear Energy University Programs (NEUP)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Nuclear Energy University Programs (NEUP)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>DOE's Nuclear Energy University Programs provide funding for university research grants, fellowships, scholarships and infrastructure upgrades. </p><p>For example, in May 2010, the program awarded $38 million for 42 university-led R&D projects at 23 United States universities in 17 states. In FY 2009, the program awarded about $44 million to 71 R&D projects and more than $6 million in infrastructure grants to 30 U.S. universities and colleges in 23 states.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> INL's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151019054022/https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=512&objID=281&mode=2">Center for Advanced Energy Studies</a> administers the program for DOE. CAES is a collaboration between INL and Idaho's three public research universities: Idaho State University, Boise State University and University of Idaho. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Multiphysics_Methods_Group_(MMG)"><span id="Multiphysics_Methods_Group_.28MMG.29"></span>Multiphysics Methods Group (MMG)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Multiphysics Methods Group (MMG)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Multiphysics Methods Group (MMG) is a program at Idaho National Laboratory (under the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">United States Department of Energy</a>) begun in 2004. It uses applications based on the <a href="/wiki/Multiphysics" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiphysics">multiphysics</a> and modeling framework <a href="/wiki/MOOSE_(software)" title="MOOSE (software)">MOOSE</a> to simulate complex <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_chemistry" title="Nuclear chemistry">physical and chemical reactions</a> inside <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">nuclear reactors</a> . The ultimate goal of the program is to use these simulation tools to enable more efficient use of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fuel" title="Nuclear fuel">nuclear fuel</a>, resulting in lower electricity costs and less <a href="/wiki/Radioactive_waste" title="Radioactive waste">waste products</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The MMG focuses on problems within nuclear reactors related to its fuel and how heat is transferred inside the reactor. "Fuel degradation" refers to how uranium pellets and the rods they are encased in (several rods bundled together is what makes a "fuel assembly") eventually wear out over time due to high heat and irradiation inside a reactor. The group states three main objectives: "The mission of the MMG is to support the INL goal to advance the U.S. nuclear energy endeavor by:<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Furthering the state of computational nuclear engineering</li> <li>Developing a robust technical basis in multidimensional multiphysics analysis methods</li> <li>Developing the next generation of reactor simulation codes and tools"</li></ul> <p>The work done by the group directly supports programs such as the <a href="/wiki/Light_Water_Reactor_Sustainability_Program" title="Light Water Reactor Sustainability Program">Light Water Reactor Sustainability Program</a>'s research into advanced <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fuel" title="Nuclear fuel">nuclear fuels</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_and_Homeland_Security">National and Homeland Security</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: National and Homeland Security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>INL's National and Homeland Security division focuses on two main areas: protecting critical infrastructures such as electricity transmission lines, utilities and wireless communications networks, and preventing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Control_systems_cybersecurity">Control systems cybersecurity</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Control systems cybersecurity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For nearly a decade, INL has been conducting vulnerability assessments and developing technology to increase infrastructure resilience. With a strong emphasis on industry collaboration and partnership, INL is enhancing electric grid reliability, control systems cybersecurity and physical security systems.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>INL conducts advanced cyber training and oversees simulated competitive exercises for national and international customers.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lab supports cyber security and control systems programs for the departments of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">Homeland Security</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">Energy</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Defense</a>. INL staff members are frequently asked to provide guidance and leadership to standards organizations, regulatory agencies and national policy committees. </p><p>In January 2011, it was reported by <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> that the INL was allegedly responsible for some of the initial research behind the <a href="/wiki/Stuxnet" title="Stuxnet">Stuxnet</a> virus, which allegedly crippled Iran's nuclear centrifuges. The INL, which teamed up with <a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a>, conducted research on the P.C.S.-7 control system to identify its vulnerabilities. According to the <i>Times</i>, that information would later be used by the American and Israeli governments to create the Stuxnet virus.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Times</i> article was later disputed by other journalists, including Forbes blogger Jeffrey Carr, as being both sensational and lacking verifiable facts.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2011, <a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)"><i>Vanity Fair</i></a>'s magazine cover story on Stuxnet carried INL's official response, stating, "Idaho National Laboratory was not involved in the creation of the Stuxnet worm. In fact, our focus is to protect and defend control systems and critical infrastructures from cyber threats like Stuxnet and we are all well recognized for these efforts. We value the relationships that we have formed within the control systems industry and in no way would risk these partnerships by divulging confidential information."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nuclear_nonproliferation">Nuclear nonproliferation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Nuclear nonproliferation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Building on INL's nuclear mission and legacy in reactor design and operations, the lab's engineers are developing technology, shaping policy and leading initiatives to secure the nuclear fuel cycle and prevent the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the direction of the National Nuclear Security Administration, INL and other national laboratory scientists are leading a global initiative to secure foreign stockpiles of fresh and spent highly enriched uranium and return it to secure storage for processing.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other engineers are working to convert U.S. research reactors and build new reactor fuels that replace highly enriched uranium with a safer, low-enriched uranium fuel.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To protect against threats from the dispersal of nuclear and radiological devices, INL researchers also examine radiological materials to understand their origin and potential uses. Others have applied their knowledge to the development of detection technologies that scan and monitor containers for nuclear materials. </p><p>The laboratory's expansive desert location, nuclear facilities and wide range of source materials provide an ideal training location for military responders, law enforcement and other civilian first responders. INL routinely supports these organizations by leading classroom training, conducting field exercises and assisting in technology assessments. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy_and_environmental_projects">Energy and environmental projects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Energy and environmental projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Advanced_Vehicle_Testing_Activity">Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>INL's Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity gathers information from more than 4000 plug-in-hybrid vehicles. These vehicles, operated by a wide swath of companies, local and state governments, advocacy groups, and others are located all across the United States, Canada and <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>. Together, they have logged a combined 1.5 million miles worth of data that are analyzed by specialists at INL. </p><p>Dozens of other types of vehicles, like hydrogen-fueled and pure electric cars, are also tested at INL. This data will help evaluate the performance and other factors that will be critical to widespread adoption of plug-in or other alternative vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bioenergy">Bioenergy</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bioenergy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>INL researchers are partnering with farmers, agricultural equipment manufacturers and universities to optimize the logistics of an industrial-scale biofuel economy. Agricultural waste products—such as wheat straw; corncobs,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> stalks or leaves; or bioenergy crops such as switchgrass or miscanthus—could be used to create cellulosic biofuels. INL researchers are working to determine the most economic and sustainable ways to get biofuel raw materials from fields to biorefineries.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Robotics">Robotics</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Robotics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>INL's robotics program researches, builds, tests and refines robots that, among other things, clean up dangerous wastes, measure radiation, scout drug-smuggling tunnels, aid search-and-rescue operations, and help protect the environment. </p><p>These robots roll, crawl, fly,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and go under water, even in swarms<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that communicate with each other on the go to do their jobs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Biological_Systems">Biological Systems</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Biological Systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Biological Systems department is housed in 15 laboratories with a total of 12,000 square feet (1,100 m<sup>2</sup>) at the INL Research Center in Idaho Falls. The department engages in a wide variety of biological studies, including studying bacteria and other microbes that live in extreme conditions such as the extremely high temperature pools of Yellowstone National Park.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These types of organisms could boost the efficiency of biofuels production. Other studies related to uncommon microbes have potential in areas such as <a href="/wiki/Carbon_sequestration" title="Carbon sequestration">carbon dioxide sequestration</a> and groundwater cleanup.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hybrid_energy_systems">Hybrid energy systems</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Hybrid energy systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>INL is pioneering the research and testing associated with hybrid energy systems that combine multiple energy sources for optimum carbon management and energy production. For example, a nuclear reactor could provide electricity when certain renewable resources are not available, while also providing a carbon-free source of heat and hydrogen that could be used, for example, to make liquid transportation fuels from coal.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nuclear_waste_processing">Nuclear waste processing</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Nuclear waste processing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In mid-2014<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, construction of a new liquid waste processing facility, the Integrated Waste Treatment Unit (IWTU), was nearing completion at INTEC on the INL site. It will process approximately 900,000 gallons of liquid nuclear waste using a steam reforming process to produce a granular product suitable for disposal. The facility is the first of its kind and based on a scaled prototype. The project is a part of the Department of Energy's Idaho Cleanup Project aimed at removing waste and demolishing old nuclear facilities at the INL site.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Safety_and_Tritium_Applied_Research">Safety and Tritium Applied Research</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Safety and Tritium Applied Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 2022, CNBC reported the Safety and Tritium Applied Research (STAR) program has been set up to looking into the production and safety protocols for working with <a href="/wiki/Tritium" title="Tritium">tritium</a>, the fuel that many startups are working on to commercialize <a href="/wiki/Fusion_power" title="Fusion power">fusion power</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interdisciplinary_projects">Interdisciplinary projects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Interdisciplinary projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Instrumentation, Control and Intelligent Systems (ICIS) Distinctive Signature supports mission-related research and development in key capability areas: safeguards and control system security, sensor technologies, intelligent automation, human systems integration, and robotics and intelligent systems. These five key areas support the INL mission to "ensure the nation's energy security with safe, competitive, and sustainable energy systems and unique national and <a href="/wiki/Homeland_security" title="Homeland security">homeland security</a>."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Through its grand challenge in resilient control systems, ICIS research is providing a holistic approach to aspects of design that have often been bolt-on, including human systems, security and modeling of complex interdependency. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Outreach">Outreach</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Outreach"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scholarships_and_grants">Scholarships and grants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Scholarships and grants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>INL supports science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) education in classrooms across the state. Each year, the lab invests nearly $500,000 in Idaho teachers and students. Funding goes toward scholarship programs for high school graduates, technical college students and teachers who want to integrate more hands-on science activities into their lessons. INL also provides thousands of dollars worth of classroom grants to teachers seeking to upgrade their science equipment or lab infrastructure.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internships">Internships</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Internships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The lab hires more than 300 interns each summer to work alongside laboratory employees. INL is listed by Vault, the online job resource site, as one of the best places in the U.S. to get an internship<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Internships are offered to high school, undergraduate, graduate and post-graduate students in applicable fields including science, engineering, math, chemistry, business, communication and other fields. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Small_business_outreach">Small business outreach</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Small business outreach"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to subcontracting more than $100 million worth of work from Idaho's small businesses,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> INL technologies are often licensed to new or existing companies for commercialization. In the past 10 years, INL has negotiated roughly 500 technology licenses. And INL technology has spawned more than 40 start-up companies since 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Small businesses that contract with the lab can participate in a Department of Energy program designed to enhance their capabilities. INL has worked with a variety of small businesses in this mentoring capacity, including International Management Solutions and Portage Environmental.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Facilities">Facilities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Facilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Advanced_Test_Reactor_(ATR)_complex"><span id="Advanced_Test_Reactor_.28ATR.29_complex"></span>Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) complex</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) complex"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Test_Reactor" title="Advanced Test Reactor">Advanced Test Reactor</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Advanced_Test_Reactor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Advanced_Test_Reactor.jpg/220px-Advanced_Test_Reactor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Advanced_Test_Reactor.jpg/330px-Advanced_Test_Reactor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Advanced_Test_Reactor.jpg/440px-Advanced_Test_Reactor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2791" data-file-height="3668" /></a><figcaption>The core of the ATR</figcaption></figure> <p>INL's <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Test_Reactor" title="Advanced Test Reactor">Advanced Test Reactor</a> is much smaller than the more common electricity-producing reactors—the reactor vessel measures 12 feet (3.7 m) across and 36 feet (11 m) high, with the core a mere 4 feet (1.2 m) tall and 50 inches (130 cm) across, and it does not generate electricity. As a special feature, it allows scientists to simultaneously test materials in multiple unique experimental environments. Research scientists can place experiments in one of the more than 70 test positions in the reactor. Each can generate unique experimental conditions. </p><p>Some have called the reactor a "virtual time machine",<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for its ability to demonstrate the effects of several years of radiation on materials in a fraction of the time. </p><p>The ATR allows scientists to place a variety of materials in an environment with specified intensities of radiation, temperature, and pressure. Specimens are then removed to examine how the time in the reactor affected the materials. The U.S. Navy is the facility's primary user, but the ATR also produces medical isotopes that can help treat cancer patients and industrial isotopes that can be used for radiography to x-ray welds on items such as skyscrapers, bridges and ship holds. </p><p>Many ATR experiments focus on materials that could make the next generation of nuclear reactors even safer and longer lasting.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Materials_and_Fuels_Complex_(MFC)"><span id="Materials_and_Fuels_Complex_.28MFC.29"></span>Materials and Fuels Complex (MFC)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Materials and Fuels Complex (MFC)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hot_Fuel_Examination_Facility">Hot Fuel Examination Facility</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Hot Fuel Examination Facility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Video_of_Idaho_National_Laboratory.ogv/220px--Video_of_Idaho_National_Laboratory.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="220" data-durationhint="66" data-mwtitle="Video_of_Idaho_National_Laboratory.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Video_of_Idaho_National_Laboratory.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/Video_of_Idaho_National_Laboratory.ogv/Video_of_Idaho_National_Laboratory.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Video_of_Idaho_National_Laboratory.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="720" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/Video_of_Idaho_National_Laboratory.ogv/Video_of_Idaho_National_Laboratory.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="240" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/Video_of_Idaho_National_Laboratory.ogv/Video_of_Idaho_National_Laboratory.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="360" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/Video_of_Idaho_National_Laboratory.ogv/Video_of_Idaho_National_Laboratory.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="360" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>A video tour of the Hot Fuel Examination Facility at the Idaho National Laboratory</figcaption></figure> <p>The Hot Fuel Examination Facility (HFEF) gives INL researchers and other scientists the ability to examine and test highly radioactive irradiated reactor fuel and other materials. </p><p>HFEF provides 15 workstations known as hot cells. For windows, each cell has leaded glass panes layered 4 feet (1.2 m) thick and separated by thin layers of oil. Remote manipulators allow users to maneuver items inside the hot cell using robotic arms. Special filtered exhaust systems<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> keep indoor and outdoor air safe. At these stations, scientists and technicians can better determine the performance of irradiated fuels and materials. Scientists can also characterize materials destined for long-term storage at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Space_and_Security_Power_Systems_Facility">Space and Security Power Systems Facility</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Space and Security Power Systems Facility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a> mission to <a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a>, which launched in 2006, is powered by a device fueled at the INL Space and Security Power Systems Facility. The Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (RTG) uses nonfissionable nonweapons-grade plutonium to produce heat and electricity for deep space missions such as this one. </p><p>Using the RTG on the New Horizons mission is a more practical power source for the satellite than solar panels because the satellite will travel to such a great distance that energy from the sun would provide insufficient power for the craft.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Work on the project started in late 2004 and ended with the January 2006 successful rocket launch. The team implemented the fueling, testing and delivery of the RTG for the Pluto New Horizons mission and for the next Mars rover.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fuel_Conditioning_Facility">Fuel Conditioning Facility</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Fuel Conditioning Facility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>INL's Fuel Conditioning Facility uses electrolysis to separate certain components from used nuclear fuel rods. Unlike traditional aqueous reprocessing techniques, which dissolve the fuel rods in acid, "pyroprocessing" melts the rods and uses electricity to separate components such as uranium and sodium out of the mix. INL is using this technique to remove the sodium metal from <a href="/wiki/Experimental_Breeder_Reactor_II" title="Experimental Breeder Reactor II">Experimental Breeder Reactor II</a> (EBR-II) fuel rods so they can be safely stored in a national repository.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Transient_Reactor_Test_Facility_(TREAT)"><span id="Transient_Reactor_Test_Facility_.28TREAT.29"></span>Transient Reactor Test Facility (TREAT)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Transient Reactor Test Facility (TREAT)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Transient_Reactor_Test_Facility" title="Transient Reactor Test Facility">Transient Reactor Test Facility</a> (TREAT) is a reactor designed specifically to test new reactor fuels and materials. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Radiochemistry_Lab">Radiochemistry Lab</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Radiochemistry Lab"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Radiochemistry Lab is a facility that includes one radiation instrumentation lab, two actinide chemistry labs, and other labs for both radiological and non-radiological research. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Critical_Infrastructure_Test_Range_Complex_(CITRC)"><span id="Critical_Infrastructure_Test_Range_Complex_.28CITRC.29"></span>Critical Infrastructure Test Range Complex (CITRC)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Critical Infrastructure Test Range Complex (CITRC)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>INL's Critical Infrastructure Test Range Complex (CITRC), operated by INL, is a utility-scale electric power grid test bed. The electric grid is an operational, commercially fed system that provides power to all of INL's key research facilities on its sprawling, 890-square-mile (2,300 km<sup>2</sup>) desert site; and includes: seven substations, a 24/7 staffed dispatch and control center, 61 miles of 138 kV transmission lines, and multiple distribution circuits at 15 kV, 25 kV and 35 kV. Sections of the grid can be isolated and reconfigured for integrated testing and demonstration of state of the art power systems, components and smart grid technologies.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, INL owns and operates a communications network designed to research and test cellular, mobile and emerging Internet communication protocols and technology, with both fixed and mobile 3-G platforms that allow testing and demonstration within a range of experimental frequencies in a low-background environment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research_and_Education_Campus_in_Idaho_Falls">Research and Education Campus in Idaho Falls</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Research and Education Campus in Idaho Falls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Center_for_Advanced_Energy_Studies_(CAES)"><span id="Center_for_Advanced_Energy_Studies_.28CAES.29"></span>Center for Advanced Energy Studies (CAES)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Center for Advanced Energy Studies (CAES)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is a partnership between INL and Idaho's three public research universities—<a href="/wiki/Idaho_State_University" title="Idaho State University">Idaho State University</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Idaho" title="University of Idaho">University of Idaho</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Boise_State_University" title="Boise State University">Boise State University</a>. Its researchers, who have access to each partner institution's equipment and infrastructure, have competed for and won millions of dollars in national funding for their projects. The center's laboratories are equipped with research instruments and tools, including a Local Electrode Atom Probe (LEAP) and a Computer Assisted Virtual Environment (CAVE). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Matched_Index_of_Refraction_(MIR)_facility"><span id="Matched_Index_of_Refraction_.28MIR.29_facility"></span>Matched Index of Refraction (MIR) facility</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Matched Index of Refraction (MIR) facility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Matched_index_of_refraction_flow_facility" title="Matched index of refraction flow facility">Matched Index of Refraction facility</a> is the largest such facility in the world. Using light mineral oil, the facility allows researchers to use fused quartz models built to scale to study the flow of liquids inside and around objects with complicated geometries, such as the core of a nuclear reactor. The facility is basically a giant loop through which the mostly transparent oil is pumped at variable speeds. Special lasers perform "Doppler velocimetry", that produces a three-dimensional image allowing inspection of an object's flow properties. Observers can also watch the flow themselves through the polycarbonate viewing panes near the laser equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Geocentrifuge">Geocentrifuge</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Geocentrifuge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Geocentrifuge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Geocentrifuge.jpg/220px-Geocentrifuge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Geocentrifuge.jpg/330px-Geocentrifuge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Geocentrifuge.jpg/440px-Geocentrifuge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3600" /></a><figcaption>A scientist works on the large geocentrifuge of the Geocentrifuge Research Laboratory at the Idaho National Laboratory.</figcaption></figure> <p>INL's geocentrifuge helps researchers, among other efforts, improve models of how liquids and contaminants move through engineered caps and barriers used in underground waste disposal facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The INL centrifuge is one of fewer than 25 geocentrifuges larger than two meters (about 6 feet) in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The centrifuge, located next to the INL Research Center in Idaho Falls, can be operated remotely by computer and is capable of applying 130 times the force of earth's gravity on a sample.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceC_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of the experiments that use the geocentrifuge require it to run for hundreds of hours in order to correctly simulate several years' worth of gravitational effects. The payload is monitored by an onboard computer and can be relayed to a remote monitoring station outside the centrifuge's chamber where technicians can observe developments.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceC_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Earlier_projects">Earlier projects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Earlier projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Experimental_Breeder_Reactor_I_(EBR-I)"><span id="Experimental_Breeder_Reactor_I_.28EBR-I.29"></span>Experimental Breeder Reactor I (EBR-I)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Experimental Breeder Reactor I (EBR-I)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Experimental_Breeder_Reactor_I" title="Experimental Breeder Reactor I">Experimental Breeder Reactor I</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:First_four_nuclear_lit_bulbs.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/First_four_nuclear_lit_bulbs.jpeg/220px-First_four_nuclear_lit_bulbs.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/First_four_nuclear_lit_bulbs.jpeg/330px-First_four_nuclear_lit_bulbs.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/First_four_nuclear_lit_bulbs.jpeg/440px-First_four_nuclear_lit_bulbs.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="373" /></a><figcaption>The first four bulbs lit by electricity from nuclear power hung near the generator on the second floor of EBR-I</figcaption></figure> <p>In the early afternoon of December 20, 1951, <a href="/wiki/Argonne_National_Laboratory" title="Argonne National Laboratory">Argonne National Laboratory</a> scientist <a href="/wiki/Walter_Zinn" title="Walter Zinn">Walter Zinn</a> and a small crew of assistants witnessed a row of four light bulbs light up in a nondescript brick building in the eastern Idaho desert.<sup id="cite_ref-ANS1_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ANS1-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Electricity from a generator connected to <a href="/wiki/Experimental_Breeder_Reactor_I" title="Experimental Breeder Reactor I">Experimental Breeder Reactor I</a> (EBR-I) flowed through them. This was the first time that a usable amount of electrical power had ever been generated from <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fission" title="Nuclear fission">nuclear fission</a>. </p><p>Only days afterward, the reactor produced all the electricity needed for the entire EBR complex.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One ton of natural uranium can produce more than 40 million kilowatt-hours of electricity—this is equivalent to burning 16,000 tons of coal or 80,000 barrels of oil.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More central to EBR-I's purpose than just generating electricity, however, was its role in proving that a reactor could create more nuclear fuel as a by-product than it consumed during operation. In 1953, tests verified that this was the case.<sup id="cite_ref-ANS1_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ANS1-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The site of this event is memorialized as a Registered <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">National Historic Landmark</a>, open to the public every day <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Day" title="Memorial Day">Memorial Day</a> through <a href="/wiki/Labor_Day" title="Labor Day">Labor Day</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Experimental_Breeder_Reactor_II_(EBR-II)"><span id="Experimental_Breeder_Reactor_II_.28EBR-II.29"></span>Experimental Breeder Reactor II (EBR-II)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Experimental Breeder Reactor II (EBR-II)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Experimental_Breeder_Reactor_II" title="Experimental Breeder Reactor II">Experimental Breeder Reactor II</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Idaho_National_Laboratory" title="Special:EditPage/Idaho National Laboratory">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>From 1969 to 1994, <a href="/wiki/Argonne_National_Laboratory" title="Argonne National Laboratory">Argonne National Laboratory</a>'s EBR-II produced nearly half of the electricity needed for test site operations. </p><p>In 1964, <a href="/wiki/Experimental_Breeder_Reactor_II" title="Experimental Breeder Reactor II">Experimental Breeder Reactor II</a> and the nearby Fuel Conditioning Facility proved the concept of fuel recycling and passive safety characteristics. So-called "passive" safety includes systems that rely on natural physics laws such as gravity rather than systems that require mechanical or human intervention. </p><p>In a landmark test on April 3, 1986, such systems in EBR-II demonstrated that nuclear power plants could be designed to be inherently safe from severe accidents. </p><p>De-commissioning of EBR-II began in October 1994 with the removal of the 637 fuel assemblies.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Loss_of_Fluid_Test_(LOFT)_facility"><span id="Loss_of_Fluid_Test_.28LOFT.29_facility"></span>Loss of Fluid Test (LOFT) facility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Loss of Fluid Test (LOFT) facility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Loss_of_Fluid_Test_Reactor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Loss_of_Fluid_Test_Reactor.jpg/220px-Loss_of_Fluid_Test_Reactor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Loss_of_Fluid_Test_Reactor.jpg/330px-Loss_of_Fluid_Test_Reactor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Loss_of_Fluid_Test_Reactor.jpg/440px-Loss_of_Fluid_Test_Reactor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="495" /></a><figcaption>The Loss-of-Fluid-Test reactor</figcaption></figure> <p>The world's first Loss-of-Fluid-Test reactor started up at INL on March 12, 1976. It repeatedly simulated loss-of-coolant accidents that could potentially occur in commercial nuclear power plants. Many safety designs for reactors around the world are based on these tests. LOFT experiments helped <a href="/wiki/Behavior_of_nuclear_fuel_during_a_reactor_accident#LOFT" title="Behavior of nuclear fuel during a reactor accident">accident recovery efforts</a> after the Three Mile Island accident in 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Test_Area_North">Test Area North</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Test Area North"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1949, an area of the fringe of the NRTS property named "Test Area North", or TAN, was developed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">U.S. Air Force</a> and the Atomic Energy Commission to support the <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_Nuclear_Propulsion" title="Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion">Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion</a> program's attempt to develop a nuclear-powered aircraft. The program's Heat Transfer Reactor Experiments (HTRE) were conducted here in 1955 by contractor <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a>, and were a series of tests to develop a system of transferring reactor-heated air to a modified <a href="/wiki/General_Electric_J47" title="General Electric J47">General Electric J47</a> jet engine. The planned aircraft, the <a href="/wiki/Convair_X-6" title="Convair X-6">Convair X-6</a>, was to be test flown at TAN, and a large hangar with radiation shielding was built on the site. The program was cancelled, however, before the accompanying 15,000-foot (4,600 m) runway could be built. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Naval_Reactors_Facility_(NRF)"><span id="Naval_Reactors_Facility_.28NRF.29"></span>Naval Reactors Facility (NRF)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Naval Reactors Facility (NRF)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Naval_Reactors_Facility" title="Naval Reactors Facility">Naval Reactors Facility</a></div> <p>In the early 1950s, the very first full-scale prototype nuclear plant for shipboard use, called <a href="/wiki/S1W_reactor" title="S1W reactor">S1W</a> Prototype, was constructed to test the feasibility of using <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_marine_propulsion" title="Nuclear marine propulsion">nuclear power</a> aboard submarines. It was the predecessor to a similar nuclear plant of <a href="/wiki/S2W_reactor" title="S2W reactor">S2W</a> design installed in the first nuclear-powered ship, the submarine <a href="/wiki/USS_Nautilus_(SSN-571)" title="USS Nautilus (SSN-571)">USS <i>Nautilus</i> (SSN-571)</a>. Later, two more prototype plant facilities, <a href="/wiki/A1W_reactor" title="A1W reactor">A1W</a> and <a href="/wiki/S5G_reactor" title="S5G reactor">S5G</a>, were built at this location called the <a href="/wiki/Naval_Reactors_Facility" title="Naval Reactors Facility">Naval Reactors Facility</a> (NRF for short). There is also an Expended Core Facility (ECF for short) also at NRF as well as administrative buildings/facilities. NRF's chemistry lab was located at the S1W prototype. By now, the prototype plants for shipboard use development have been shut down. Only the Expended Core Facility / Dry Storage Area is in use. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Materials_Test_Reactor_(MTR)"><span id="Materials_Test_Reactor_.28MTR.29"></span>Materials Test Reactor (MTR)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Materials Test Reactor (MTR)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Materials_Testing_Reactor" title="Materials Testing Reactor">Materials Testing Reactor</a></div> <p>When the nuclear industry was just getting started in the early 1950s, it was difficult to predict exactly how different kinds of metals and other materials would be affected by being used in a reactor for prolonged periods of time. MTR was a research reactor jointly designed by <a href="/wiki/Argonne_National_Laboratory" title="Argonne National Laboratory">Argonne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge_National_Laboratory" title="Oak Ridge National Laboratory">Oak Ridge</a> National Laboratories that operated until 1970 and provided important data, helping researchers make nuclear power reactors safer and longer lasting.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="BORAX_experiments">BORAX experiments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: BORAX experiments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/BORAX_experiments" title="BORAX experiments">BORAX experiments</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BORAX_III.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/BORAX_III.jpg/220px-BORAX_III.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/BORAX_III.jpg/330px-BORAX_III.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/BORAX_III.jpg/440px-BORAX_III.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3192" data-file-height="2415" /></a><figcaption>The BORAX III reactor</figcaption></figure> <p>The Boiling Water Reactors <a href="/wiki/BORAX_experiments" title="BORAX experiments">(BORAX) experiments</a> were five reactors built between 1953 and 1964 by <a href="/wiki/Argonne_National_Laboratory" title="Argonne National Laboratory">Argonne National Laboratory</a>. They proved that the boiling water concept was a feasible design for an electricity-producing nuclear reactor. The BORAX III reactor was also the first in the world to power a community (<a href="/wiki/Arco,_Idaho" title="Arco, Idaho">Arco, Idaho</a>) on July 17, 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_sites">Other sites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Other sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Idaho Chemical Processing Plant chemically processed material from used reactor cores to recover reusable nuclear material. It is now called the <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style><span class="vanchor"><span id="Idaho_Nuclear_Technology_and_Engineering_Center"></span><span class="vanchor-text">Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center</span></span>. </p><p>The Materials Test Area tested materials' exposure to reactor conditions. The Materials Test Area is part of the Advanced Test Reactor Complex. </p><p>The Information Operations and Research Center and the Shelley-New Sweden Park and Ride lot is one of fourteen Federal properties listed for disposal by the Public Buildings Reform Board in their 2019 recommendations.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Incidents_and_accidents">Incidents and accidents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Incidents and accidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1961_fatal_incident">1961 fatal incident</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: 1961 fatal incident"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/SL-1" title="SL-1">SL-1</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_AEC_SL-1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/US_AEC_SL-1.JPG/220px-US_AEC_SL-1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/US_AEC_SL-1.JPG/330px-US_AEC_SL-1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/US_AEC_SL-1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="346" data-file-height="253" /></a><figcaption>The SL-1 reactor vessel being removed from the reactor building. It had jumped over 9 feet (2.7 m) during the accident.</figcaption></figure> <p>On January 3, 1961, the only fatal nuclear reactor incident in the U.S. occurred at the NRTS. An experimental reactor called <a href="/wiki/SL-1" title="SL-1">SL-1</a> (Stationary Low-Power Plant Number 1) was destroyed when a control rod was pulled too far out of the reactor, leading to a near-instantaneous prompt-critical power excursion and steam explosion. The reactor vessel jumped up 9 feet 1 inch (2.77 m).<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tucker-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The concussion and blast killed all three military enlisted personnel working on the reactor. Due to the extensive radioactive <a href="/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope">isotope</a> contamination, all three were buried in lead coffins. The events are the subject of two books, one published in 2003, <i>Idaho Falls: The Untold Story of America's First Nuclear Accident</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and another, <i>Atomic America: How a Deadly Explosion and a Feared Admiral Changed the Course of Nuclear History</i>, published in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tucker-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Plutonium-related"_container_leak"><span id=".22Plutonium-related.22_container_leak"></span>"Plutonium-related" container leak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: "Plutonium-related" container leak"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the afternoon of November 8, 2011, in the Zero Power Physics Reactor (ZPPR), a container leaked "plutonium-related" materials, when it was opened by one of the workers. All 17 workers at the incident were immediately taken to have testing done by the Idaho Cleanup Project in the form of <a href="/wiki/Whole-body_counting" title="Whole-body counting">whole-body counts</a> (scanning the body for any internal radiation exposure) and were required to submit urine and fecal samples to further test for internal radioisotopes. Six of them proved to be exposed to "low-level-radiation", two of them fairly extensively. All workers were kept under close observation afterwards with repeated whole-body counts and urine and fecal sampling. The Idaho National Laboratory insisted that no radioactivity leaked outside the facility.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2018_radioactive_waste_"drum_breach"_accidents"><span id="2018_radioactive_waste_.22drum_breach.22_accidents"></span>2018 radioactive waste "drum breach" accidents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: 2018 radioactive waste "drum breach" accidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 2018, four canisters of depleted uranium sludge suddenly overpressurized and ejected their lids at a US Department of Energy facility at Idaho National Laboratory.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The waste had originated from the now-decommissioned Rocky Flats weapons plutonium production plant. In 2018, anthropologist <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Ialenti" title="Vincent Ialenti">Vincent Ialenti</a> conducted fieldwork in Idaho exploring the accident's root causes. Comparing the accident to a 2014 drum breach accident at the WIPP nuclear waste repository in New Mexico, Ialenti attributed Idaho's drum breaches to "systemic incentives to speed up waste-cleanup projects beyond their organizational capacity, without commensurately expanding their safety or oversight mechanisms."<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2023_data_breach">2023 data breach</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: 2023 data breach"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 2023 <a href="/wiki/Hacktivist" class="mw-redirect" title="Hacktivist">hacktivist</a> group <a href="/wiki/SiegedSec" title="SiegedSec">SiegedSec</a> breached the Oracle HR system of the Idaho National Laboratory and posted information of 45,047 former and current employees on their Telegram channel.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group demanded the laboratory research the creation of female cat-human hybrids, "<a href="/wiki/Catgirl" title="Catgirl">catgirls</a>", in exchange for the removal of the post containing the stolen data.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NuScale_Power" title="NuScale Power">NuScale Power</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGrossenbacher2010" class="citation web cs1">Grossenbacher, John (April 30, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040612/http://ifcityclub.com/archives/100430JohnGrossenbacher.mp3">"What was Old is New Again: The Future of Nuclear Energy & the INL"</a>. <i>Idaho Falls City Club — Archives</i>. NPR Radio. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ifcityclub.com/archives/100430JohnGrossenbacher.mp3">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(mp3)</span> on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Idaho+Falls+City+Club+%E2%80%94+Archives&rft.atitle=What+was+Old+is+New+Again%3A+The+Future+of+Nuclear+Energy+%26+the+INL&rft.date=2010-04-30&rft.aulast=Grossenbacher&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fifcityclub.com%2Farchives%2F100430JohnGrossenbacher.mp3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140223084152/https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=514&objID=1311&parentname=CommunityPage&parentid=46&mode=2&in_hi_userid=200&cached=true">"INL History"</a>. <i>Idaho National Laboratory</i>. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=514&objID=1311&parentname=CommunityPage&parentid=46&mode=2&in_hi_userid=200&cached=true">the original</a> on February 23, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Idaho+National+Laboratory&rft.atitle=INL+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finlportal.inl.gov%2Fportal%2Fserver.pt%3Fopen%3D514%26objID%3D1311%26parentname%3DCommunityPage%26parentid%3D46%26mode%3D2%26in_hi_userid%3D200%26cached%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inl.gov/factsheets/">"Fact Sheets"</a>. <i>INL</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=INL&rft.atitle=Fact+Sheets&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finl.gov%2Ffactsheets%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729041713/http://www.inl.gov/proving-the-principle/chapter_02.pdf">"Chapter 2 — The Naval Proving Ground"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Proving the Principal</i>. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy, Idaho National Laboratory. October 6, 2000. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0160591856" title="Special:BookSources/0160591856"><bdi>0160591856</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inl.gov/proving-the-principle/chapter_02.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+2+%E2%80%94+The+Naval+Proving+Ground&rft.btitle=Proving+the+Principal&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Energy%2C+DOE+Office+of+Nuclear+Energy%2C+Idaho+National+Laboratory&rft.date=2000-10-06&rft.isbn=0160591856&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inl.gov%2Fproving-the-principle%2Fchapter_02.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrong" class="citation web cs1">Strong, Jane. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120219045001/http://www.inl.gov/history/">"Idaho National Laboratory History"</a>. United States Department of Energy — Idaho National Laboratory. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inl.gov/history">the original</a> on February 19, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-03-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Idaho+National+Laboratory+History&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Energy+%E2%80%94+Idaho+National+Laboratory&rft.aulast=Strong&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inl.gov%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMENSER2008" class="citation web cs1">MENSER, PAUL (January 27, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131113020138/http://www.postregister.com/special/siteofimpact/story.php?accession=1001-01272008">"Site of impact: Cleaning house and charting a future at INL"</a>. Idaho Falls Post Register. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.postregister.com/special/siteofimpact/story.php?accession=1001-01272008">the original</a> on November 13, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-03-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Site+of+impact%3A+Cleaning+house+and+charting+a+future+at+INL&rft.pub=Idaho+Falls+Post+Register&rft.date=2008-01-27&rft.aulast=MENSER&rft.aufirst=PAUL&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.postregister.com%2Fspecial%2Fsiteofimpact%2Fstory.php%3Faccession%3D1001-01272008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRidler2018" class="citation web cs1">Ridler, Keith (April 12, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2018/apr/12/incident-reported-at-idaho-nuclear-site-crews-resp/">"Sludge barrel ruptures at Idaho nuclear site, no injuries"</a>. <i>The Spokesman</i>. The Spokesman-Review<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Spokesman&rft.atitle=Sludge+barrel+ruptures+at+Idaho+nuclear+site%2C+no+injuries&rft.date=2018-04-12&rft.aulast=Ridler&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spokesman.com%2Fstories%2F2018%2Fapr%2F12%2Fincident-reported-at-idaho-nuclear-site-crews-resp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEhresmanNicole_Stricker" class="citation web cs1">Ehresman, Teri; Nicole Stricker. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729062741/https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=514&objID=1269&mode=2&featurestory=DA_528176">"INL develops safer, more efficient nuclear fuel for next-gen reactors"</a>. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=514&objID=1269&mode=2&featurestory=DA_528176">the original</a> on July 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=INL+develops+safer%2C+more+efficient+nuclear+fuel+for+next-gen+reactors&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Energy%2C+DOE+Office+of+Nuclear+Energy&rft.aulast=Ehresman&rft.aufirst=Teri&rft.au=Nicole+Stricker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finlportal.inl.gov%2Fportal%2Fserver.pt%3Fopen%3D514%26objID%3D1269%26mode%3D2%26featurestory%3DDA_528176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEhresman" class="citation web cs1">Ehresman, Teri. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729053100/https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt/community/nuclear_energy/277/next_generation_of_reactors_home/1361">"Next Generation of Reactors"</a>. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt/community/nuclear_energy/277/next_generation_of_reactors_home/1361">the original</a> on July 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Next+Generation+of+Reactors&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Energy%2C+DOE+Office+of+Nuclear+Energy&rft.aulast=Ehresman&rft.aufirst=Teri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finlportal.inl.gov%2Fportal%2Fserver.pt%2Fcommunity%2Fnuclear_energy%2F277%2Fnext_generation_of_reactors_home%2F1361&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEhresman" class="citation web cs1">Ehresman, Teri. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729053227/https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt/community/nuclear_energy/277/afci_home_page/1358">"DOE Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative"</a>. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt/community/nuclear_energy/277/afci_home_page/1358">the original</a> on July 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DOE+Advanced+Fuel+Cycle+Initiative&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Energy%2C+DOE+Office+of+Nuclear+Energy&rft.aulast=Ehresman&rft.aufirst=Teri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finlportal.inl.gov%2Fportal%2Fserver.pt%2Fcommunity%2Fnuclear_energy%2F277%2Fafci_home_page%2F1358&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnard2011" class="citation web cs1">Barnard, Cathy (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140328164343/https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=512&objID=442&mode=2&">"Light water reactor sustainability program: introduction"</a>. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=512&objID=442&mode=2&">the original</a> on March 28, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Light+water+reactor+sustainability+program%3A+introduction&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Energy%2C+DOE+Office+of+Nuclear+Energy&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Barnard&rft.aufirst=Cathy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finlportal.inl.gov%2Fportal%2Fserver.pt%3Fopen%3D512%26objID%3D442%26mode%3D2%26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120921032241/http://atrnsuf.inl.gov/Home/tabid/118/Default.aspx">"Atr Nsuf — Home"</a>. Atrnsuf.inl.gov. 2012-12-13. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://atrnsuf.inl.gov/Home/tabid/118/Default.aspx">the original</a> on September 21, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-12-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Atr+Nsuf+%E2%80%94+Home&rft.pub=Atrnsuf.inl.gov&rft.date=2012-12-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fatrnsuf.inl.gov%2FHome%2Ftabid%2F118%2FDefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.energy.gov/ne/nuclear-reactor-technologies/nuclear-energy-university-program">"Nuclear Energy University Program"</a>. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nuclear+Energy+University+Program&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Energy%2C+DOE+Office+of+Nuclear+Energy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.energy.gov%2Fne%2Fnuclear-reactor-technologies%2Fnuclear-energy-university-program&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090121022841/https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=512&objID=371&mode=2&in_hi_userid=200&cached=true">"Multiphysics Methods Group: Research"</a>. Idaho National Laboratory. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=512&objID=371&mode=2&in_hi_userid=200&cached=true">the original</a> on January 21, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-11-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Multiphysics+Methods+Group%3A+Research&rft.pub=Idaho+National+Laboratory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finlportal.inl.gov%2Fportal%2Fserver.pt%3Fopen%3D512%26objID%3D371%26mode%3D2%26in_hi_userid%3D200%26cached%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090121014256/https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=514&objID=2693&parentname=Gateway&parentid=None&mode=2&in_hi_userid=200&cached=true">"Welcome to the Multiphysics Methods Group!"</a>. Idaho National Laboratory. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=514&objID=2693&parentname=Gateway&parentid=None&mode=2&in_hi_userid=200&cached=true">the original</a> on 2009-01-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+the+Multiphysics+Methods+Group%21&rft.pub=Idaho+National+Laboratory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finlportal.inl.gov%2Fportal%2Fserver.pt%3Fopen%3D514%26objID%3D2693%26parentname%3DGateway%26parentid%3DNone%26mode%3D2%26in_hi_userid%3D200%26cached%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729045958/https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt/community/national_and_homeland_security/273/critical_infrastructure_protection/1275">"Critical Infrastructure Protection"</a>. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt/community/national_and_homeland_security/273/critical_infrastructure_protection/1275">the original</a> on July 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Critical+Infrastructure+Protection&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Energy%2C+DOE+Office+of+Nuclear+Energy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finlportal.inl.gov%2Fportal%2Fserver.pt%2Fcommunity%2Fnational_and_homeland_security%2F273%2Fcritical_infrastructure_protection%2F1275&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150511083629/https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt/document/53858/cyber_security_4_pdf_%283%29">"TITLE NEEDED"</a>. Archived from <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt/document/53858/cyber_security_4_pdf_%283%29">the original</a></span> on May 11, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TITLE+NEEDED&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finlportal.inl.gov%2Fportal%2Fserver.pt%2Fdocument%2F53858%2Fcyber_security_4_pdf_%25283%2529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroadMarkoffSanger2011" class="citation news cs1">Broad, William J.; Markoff, John; Sanger, David E. (January 15, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/16/world/middleeast/16stuxnet.html?_r=1&hp=&pagewanted=print">"Stuxnet Worm Used Against Iran Was Tested in Israel"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Stuxnet+Worm+Used+Against+Iran+Was+Tested+in+Israel&rft.date=2011-01-15&rft.aulast=Broad&rft.aufirst=William+J.&rft.au=Markoff%2C+John&rft.au=Sanger%2C+David+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F01%2F16%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2F16stuxnet.html%3F_r%3D1%26hp%3D%26pagewanted%3Dprint&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarr2011" class="citation web cs1">Carr, Jeffrey (January 20, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffreycarr/2011/01/20/idaho-national-lab-homeland-security-or-homeland-conspiracy/?boxes=Homepagechannels">"Idaho National Lab: Homeland Security or Homeland Conspiracy?"</a>. <i>Forbes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Idaho+National+Lab%3A+Homeland+Security+or+Homeland+Conspiracy%3F&rft.date=2011-01-20&rft.aulast=Carr&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fjeffreycarr%2F2011%2F01%2F20%2Fidaho-national-lab-homeland-security-or-homeland-conspiracy%2F%3Fboxes%3DHomepagechannels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGross2011" class="citation web cs1">Gross, Michael Joseph (April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140713082739/http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2011/04/stuxnet-201104">"STUXNET WORM: A Declaration of Cyber-War"</a>. <i>culture</i>. Vanity Fair. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2011/04/stuxnet-201104">the original</a> on July 13, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=culture&rft.atitle=STUXNET+WORM%3A+A+Declaration+of+Cyber-War&rft.date=2011-04&rft.aulast=Gross&rft.aufirst=Michael+Joseph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanityfair.com%2Fculture%2Ffeatures%2F2011%2F04%2Fstuxnet-201104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140708174954/https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt/community/national_and_homeland_security/273/nuclear_nonproliferation">"Nuclear Nonproliferation"</a>. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt/community/national_and_homeland_security/273/nuclear_nonproliferation">the original</a> on July 8, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nuclear+Nonproliferation&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Energy%2C+DOE+Office+of+Nuclear+Energy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finlportal.inl.gov%2Fportal%2Fserver.pt%2Fcommunity%2Fnational_and_homeland_security%2F273%2Fnuclear_nonproliferation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuffman" class="citation web cs1">Huffman, Ethan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729045247/https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=514&objID=1269&mode=2&featurestory=DA_163364">"Globetrotters: Three INL scientists help secure, return international nuclear fuel supplies"</a>. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=514&objID=1269&mode=2&featurestory=DA_163364">the original</a> on July 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Globetrotters%3A+Three+INL+scientists+help+secure%2C+return+international+nuclear+fuel+supplies&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Energy%2C+DOE+Office+of+Nuclear+Energy&rft.aulast=Huffman&rft.aufirst=Ethan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finlportal.inl.gov%2Fportal%2Fserver.pt%3Fopen%3D514%26objID%3D1269%26mode%3D2%26featurestory%3DDA_163364&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729062019/https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=514&objID=1269&mode=2&featurestory=DA_152722">"NNSA, INL, Washington & Oregon state universities complete research reactor conversions"</a>. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=514&objID=1269&mode=2&featurestory=DA_152722">the original</a> on July 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NNSA%2C+INL%2C+Washington+%26+Oregon+state+universities+complete+research+reactor+conversions&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Energy%2C+DOE+Office+of+Nuclear+Energy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finlportal.inl.gov%2Fportal%2Fserver.pt%3Fopen%3D514%26objID%3D1269%26mode%3D2%26featurestory%3DDA_152722&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://avt.inl.gov/">"Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity"</a>. Idaho National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. September 25, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Advanced+Vehicle+Testing+Activity&rft.pub=Idaho+National+Laboratory%2C+United+States+Department+of+Energy%2C+DOE+Office+of+Nuclear+Energy&rft.date=2013-09-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Favt.inl.gov%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.eere.energy.gov/vehiclesandfuels/avta/">"Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity"</a>. United States Department of Energy. 2011-07-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Advanced+Vehicle+Testing+Activity&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Energy&rft.date=2011-07-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.eere.energy.gov%2Fvehiclesandfuels%2Favta%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStricker" class="citation web cs1">Stricker, Nicole. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729051420/https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=514&objID=1269&mode=2&featurestory=DA_539052">"Corn harvest kicks off massive cob storage project"</a>. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=514&objID=1269&mode=2&featurestory=DA_539052">the original</a> on July 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Corn+harvest+kicks+off+massive+cob+storage+project&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Energy%2C+DOE+Office+of+Nuclear+Energy&rft.aulast=Stricker&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finlportal.inl.gov%2Fportal%2Fserver.pt%3Fopen%3D514%26objID%3D1269%26mode%3D2%26featurestory%3DDA_539052&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethanolproducer.com/articles/6894/poet-farmers-kick-off-commercial-biomass-harvest/">"Poet, farmers kick off commercial biomass harvest"</a>. <i>Ethanol Producer Magazine</i>. BBI International. Aug 17, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethanol+Producer+Magazine&rft.atitle=Poet%2C+farmers+kick+off+commercial+biomass+harvest&rft.date=2010-08-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethanolproducer.com%2Farticles%2F6894%2Fpoet-farmers-kick-off-commercial-biomass-harvest%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729061816/https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=512&objID=421&parentname=CommunityPage&parentid=24&mode=2&in_hi_userid=291&cached=true">"Transforming Biomass to Bioenergy Feedstocks"</a>. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=512&objID=421&parentname=CommunityPage&parentid=24&mode=2&in_hi_userid=291&cached=true">the original</a> on July 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Transforming+Biomass+to+Bioenergy+Feedstocks&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Energy%2C+DOE+Office+of+Nuclear+Energy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finlportal.inl.gov%2Fportal%2Fserver.pt%3Fopen%3D512%26objID%3D421%26parentname%3DCommunityPage%26parentid%3D24%26mode%3D2%26in_hi_userid%3D291%26cached%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGatens" class="citation web cs1">Gatens, Kathy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729054422/https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=512&objID=455&PageID=6130&cached=true&mode=2&userID=3338">"UAVs Take Flight Over Idaho"</a>. <i>Idaho National Laboratory</i>. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=512&objID=455&PageID=6130&cached=true&mode=2&userID=3338">the original</a> on July 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Idaho+National+Laboratory&rft.atitle=UAVs+Take+Flight+Over+Idaho&rft.aulast=Gatens&rft.aufirst=Kathy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finlportal.inl.gov%2Fportal%2Fserver.pt%3Fopen%3D512%26objID%3D455%26PageID%3D6130%26cached%3Dtrue%26mode%3D2%26userID%3D3338&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDalton2001" class="citation web cs1">Dalton, Louisa Wray (December 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729055656/https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=512&objID=455&PageID=6128&cached=true&mode=2&userID=3338">"Creating a robot colony; INEEL scientists mimic biological societies with swarms of mini-robots"</a>. <i>Idaho National Laboratory</i>. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=512&objID=455&PageID=6128&cached=true&mode=2&userID=3338">the original</a> on July 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Idaho+National+Laboratory&rft.atitle=Creating+a+robot+colony%3B+INEEL+scientists+mimic+biological+societies+with+swarms+of+mini-robots&rft.date=2001-12&rft.aulast=Dalton&rft.aufirst=Louisa+Wray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finlportal.inl.gov%2Fportal%2Fserver.pt%3Fopen%3D512%26objID%3D455%26PageID%3D6128%26cached%3Dtrue%26mode%3D2%26userID%3D3338&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWall" class="citation web cs1">Wall, Mike. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100601172054/https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=514&objID=1269&mode=2&featurestory=DA_527238">"Probing life's extremes in Yellowstone"</a>. <i>Idaho National Laboratory</i>. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=514&objID=1269&mode=2&featurestory=DA_527238">the original</a> on June 1, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Idaho+National+Laboratory&rft.atitle=Probing+life%27s+extremes+in+Yellowstone&rft.aulast=Wall&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finlportal.inl.gov%2Fportal%2Fserver.pt%3Fopen%3D514%26objID%3D1269%26mode%3D2%26featurestory%3DDA_527238&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWall" class="citation web cs1">Wall, Mike. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729062715/https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=514&objID=1269&mode=2&featurestory=DA_546962">"INL research probes microbes' potential to clean up groundwater"</a>. <i>Idaho National Laboratory</i>. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=514&objID=1269&mode=2&featurestory=DA_546962">the original</a> on July 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Idaho+National+Laboratory&rft.atitle=INL+research+probes+microbes%27+potential+to+clean+up+groundwater&rft.aulast=Wall&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finlportal.inl.gov%2Fportal%2Fserver.pt%3Fopen%3D514%26objID%3D1269%26mode%3D2%26featurestory%3DDA_546962&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729062728/https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=514&objID=1269&mode=2&featurestory=DA_134309">"INL Meets with Wyoming Governor"</a>. <i>Idaho National Laboratory</i>. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=514&objID=1269&mode=2&featurestory=DA_134309">the original</a> on July 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Idaho+National+Laboratory&rft.atitle=INL+Meets+with+Wyoming+Governor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finlportal.inl.gov%2Fportal%2Fserver.pt%3Fopen%3D514%26objID%3D1269%26mode%3D2%26featurestory%3DDA_134309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMasonWolfRyanRoesener2006" class="citation web cs1">Mason, J.B.; Wolf, K.; Ryan, K.; Roesener, S.; Cowen, M.; Schmoker, D.; Bacala, P. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thortt.azurewebsites.net/docs/WM06%20Final%20SBW%20WM%20Paper.pdf">"Steam Reforming Application for Treatment of DOE Sodium Bearing Tank Wastes at Idaho National Laboratory for Idaho Cleanup Project"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. THOR Treatment Technologies, LLC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steam+Reforming+Application+for+Treatment+of+DOE+Sodium+Bearing+Tank+Wastes+at+Idaho+National+Laboratory+for+Idaho+Cleanup+Project&rft.pub=THOR+Treatment+Technologies%2C+LLC.&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=J.B.&rft.au=Wolf%2C+K.&rft.au=Ryan%2C+K.&rft.au=Roesener%2C+S.&rft.au=Cowen%2C+M.&rft.au=Schmoker%2C+D.&rft.au=Bacala%2C+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthortt.azurewebsites.net%2Fdocs%2FWM06%2520Final%2520SBW%2520WM%2520Paper.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPacker2009" class="citation web cs1">Packer, Natalie (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/ED2/business/documents/CH2M_Packer.pdf">"Idaho Cleanup Project"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. United States Department of Energy<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Idaho+Cleanup+Project&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Energy&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Packer&rft.aufirst=Natalie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenergy.gov%2Fsites%2Fprod%2Ffiles%2FED2%2Fbusiness%2Fdocuments%2FCH2M_Packer.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portageinc.com/capabilities/projects/inlddsupport.aspx">"D&D Support, Facility Closure, Regulatory Support – Idaho National Laboratory"</a>. <i>Portage — What We Do</i>. Portage, Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Portage+%E2%80%94+What+We+Do&rft.atitle=D%26D+Support%2C+Facility+Closure%2C+Regulatory+Support+%E2%80%93+Idaho+National+Laboratory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.portageinc.com%2Fcapabilities%2Fprojects%2Finlddsupport.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClifford2022" class="citation news cs1">Clifford, Catherine (2022-05-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2022/05/28/idaho-national-lab-studies-fusion-safety-tritium-supply-chain.html">"This government lab in Idaho is researching fusion, the 'holy grail' of clean energy, as billions pour into the space"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=This+government+lab+in+Idaho+is+researching+fusion%2C+the+%27holy+grail%27+of+clean+energy%2C+as+billions+pour+into+the+space&rft.date=2022-05-28&rft.aulast=Clifford&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2022%2F05%2F28%2Fidaho-national-lab-studies-fusion-safety-tritium-supply-chain.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729051304/https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=514&objID=1555&mode=2&featurestory=DA_549579">"INL awards $10,000 classroom makeover grant to Sho-Ban H.S."</a> <i>Idaho National Laboratory</i>. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. May 5, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=514&objID=1555&mode=2&featurestory=DA_549579">the original</a> on July 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Idaho+National+Laboratory&rft.atitle=INL+awards+%2410%2C000+classroom+makeover+grant+to+Sho-Ban+H.S.&rft.date=2010-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finlportal.inl.gov%2Fportal%2Fserver.pt%3Fopen%3D514%26objID%3D1555%26mode%3D2%26featurestory%3DDA_549579&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729051244/https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=514&objID=1555&mode=2&featurestory=DA_329017">"INL's internship program ranked among best in the nation"</a>. <i>Idaho National Laboratory</i>. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. May 26, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=514&objID=1555&mode=2&featurestory=DA_329017">the original</a> on July 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Idaho+National+Laboratory&rft.atitle=INL%27s+internship+program+ranked+among+best+in+the+nation.&rft.date=2009-05-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finlportal.inl.gov%2Fportal%2Fserver.pt%3Fopen%3D514%26objID%3D1555%26mode%3D2%26featurestory%3DDA_329017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729055431/https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt/community/small_business_program/330/small_business_program">"Small Business Program"</a>. <i>Idaho National Laboratory</i>. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt/community/small_business_program/330/small_business_program">the original</a> on July 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Idaho+National+Laboratory&rft.atitle=Small+Business+Program&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finlportal.inl.gov%2Fportal%2Fserver.pt%2Fcommunity%2Fsmall_business_program%2F330%2Fsmall_business_program&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131209162356/https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt/community/technology_transfer/269">"Technology Transfer"</a>. <i>Idaho National Laboratory</i>. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt/community/technology_transfer/269">the original</a> on December 9, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Idaho+National+Laboratory&rft.atitle=Technology+Transfer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finlportal.inl.gov%2Fportal%2Fserver.pt%2Fcommunity%2Ftechnology_transfer%2F269&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729045209/https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt/community/small_business_program/330/mentor%E2%80%93prot%C3%A9g%C3%A9_program/1528">"Mentor-Protege Program"</a>. <i>Idaho National Laboratory</i>. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt/community/small_business_program/330/mentor%E2%80%93prot%C3%A9g%C3%A9_program/1528">the original</a> on July 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Idaho+National+Laboratory&rft.atitle=Mentor-Protege+Program&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finlportal.inl.gov%2Fportal%2Fserver.pt%2Fcommunity%2Fsmall_business_program%2F330%2Fmentor%25E2%2580%2593prot%25C3%25A9g%25C3%25A9_program%2F1528&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729041421/https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=514&objID=1555&mode=2&featurestory=DA_110120">"University nuclear experiments selected for Idaho National Laboratory testing"</a>. <i>Idaho National Laboratory</i>. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. April 1, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=514&objID=1555&mode=2&featurestory=DA_110120">the original</a> on July 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Idaho+National+Laboratory&rft.atitle=University+nuclear+experiments+selected+for+Idaho+National+Laboratory+testing&rft.date=2008-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finlportal.inl.gov%2Fportal%2Fserver.pt%3Fopen%3D514%26objID%3D1555%26mode%3D2%26featurestory%3DDA_110120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729061824/https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=514&objID=1555&mode=2&featurestory=DA_330512">"INL engineers tackle graphite challenge with innovative new device"</a>. <i>Idaho National Laboratory</i>. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. June 1, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=514&objID=1555&mode=2&featurestory=DA_330512">the original</a> on July 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Idaho+National+Laboratory&rft.atitle=INL+engineers+tackle+graphite+challenge+with+innovative+new+device&rft.date=2009-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finlportal.inl.gov%2Fportal%2Fserver.pt%3Fopen%3D514%26objID%3D1555%26mode%3D2%26featurestory%3DDA_330512&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729041413/https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt/community/hfef/597/hot_fuels_examination_facility/7056">"Hot Fuel Examination Facility (HFEF)"</a>. <i>Idaho National Laboratory</i>. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt/community/hfef/597/hot_fuels_examination_facility/7056">the original</a> on July 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Idaho+National+Laboratory&rft.atitle=Hot+Fuel+Examination+Facility+%28HFEF%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finlportal.inl.gov%2Fportal%2Fserver.pt%2Fcommunity%2Fhfef%2F597%2Fhot_fuels_examination_facility%2F7056&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729060757/https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt/community/space___security_power_systems_facility/302/space___security_power_systems_facility/1488">"Space & Security Power Systems Facility"</a>. <i>Idaho National Laboratory</i>. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt/community/space___security_power_systems_facility/302/space___security_power_systems_facility/1488">the original</a> on July 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Idaho+National+Laboratory&rft.atitle=Space+%26+Security+Power+Systems+Facility&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finlportal.inl.gov%2Fportal%2Fserver.pt%2Fcommunity%2Fspace___security_power_systems_facility%2F302%2Fspace___security_power_systems_facility%2F1488&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEhresman" class="citation web cs1">Ehresman, Teri. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407070126/https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=514&objID=1269&mode=2&featurestory=DA_156386">"INL team wins NASA recognition"</a>. <i>Idaho National Laboratory</i>. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=514&objID=1269&mode=2&featurestory=DA_156386">the original</a> on April 7, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Idaho+National+Laboratory&rft.atitle=INL+team+wins+NASA+recognition&rft.aulast=Ehresman&rft.aufirst=Teri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finlportal.inl.gov%2Fportal%2Fserver.pt%3Fopen%3D514%26objID%3D1269%26mode%3D2%26featurestory%3DDA_156386&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://resilience.inl.gov/miracl/">"MIRACL - INL Resilience Optimization Center"</a>. <i>Idaho National Laboratory</i>. INL Resilience Optimization Center<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Idaho+National+Laboratory&rft.atitle=MIRACL+-+INL+Resilience+Optimization+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresilience.inl.gov%2Fmiracl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729055703/https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt/community/mir_home/624/mir_home/7326">"Matched-Index-of-Refraction (MIR) Flow Facility"</a>. <i>Idaho National Laboratory</i>. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt/community/mir_home/624/mir_home/7326">the original</a> on July 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Idaho+National+Laboratory&rft.atitle=Matched-Index-of-Refraction+%28MIR%29+Flow+Facility&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finlportal.inl.gov%2Fportal%2Fserver.pt%2Fcommunity%2Fmir_home%2F624%2Fmir_home%2F7326&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jnc6u9St5DE">"Matched Index of Refraction Flow Facility"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>. 10 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Matched+Index+of+Refraction+Flow+Facility&rft.date=2010-05-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DJnc6u9St5DE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729042640/https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt/community/geocentrifuge/598/geocentrifuge_about/5803">"About the Geocentrifuge Research Facility"</a>. <i>Idaho National Laboratory</i>. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt/community/geocentrifuge/598/geocentrifuge_about/5803">the original</a> on July 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Idaho+National+Laboratory&rft.atitle=About+the+Geocentrifuge+Research+Facility&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finlportal.inl.gov%2Fportal%2Fserver.pt%2Fcommunity%2Fgeocentrifuge%2F598%2Fgeocentrifuge_about%2F5803&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceC-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceC_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceC_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729041938/https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt/community/geocentrifuge/598/geocentrifuge_main/5802">"Geocentrifuge Research Laboratory"</a>. <i>Idaho National Laboratory</i>. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt/community/geocentrifuge/598/geocentrifuge_main/5802">the original</a> on July 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Idaho+National+Laboratory&rft.atitle=Geocentrifuge+Research+Laboratory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finlportal.inl.gov%2Fportal%2Fserver.pt%2Fcommunity%2Fgeocentrifuge%2F598%2Fgeocentrifuge_main%2F5802&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ANS1-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ANS1_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ANS1_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichal2001" class="citation web cs1">Michal, Rick (November 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.ans.org/pubs/magazines/nn/docs/2001-11-2.pdf">"Fifty years ago in December: Atomic reactor EBR-I produced first electricity"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>American Nuclear Society: Publications: Magazines</i>. Nuclear News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Nuclear+Society%3A+Publications%3A+Magazines&rft.atitle=Fifty+years+ago+in+December%3A+Atomic+reactor+EBR-I+produced+first+electricity&rft.date=2001-11&rft.aulast=Michal&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.ans.org%2Fpubs%2Fmagazines%2Fnn%2Fdocs%2F2001-11-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Chapter 8 — The Reactor Zoo Goes Critical". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120305164231/http://www.inl.gov/proving-the-principle/chapter_08.pdf"><i>Proving the Principal</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy, Idaho National Laboratory. October 6, 2000. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0160591856" title="Special:BookSources/0160591856"><bdi>0160591856</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inl.gov/proving-the-principle/chapter_08.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 5, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+8+%E2%80%94+The+Reactor+Zoo+Goes+Critical&rft.btitle=Proving+the+Principal&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Energy%2C+DOE+Office+of+Nuclear+Energy%2C+Idaho+National+Laboratory&rft.date=2000-10-06&rft.isbn=0160591856&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inl.gov%2Fproving-the-principle%2Fchapter_08.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130215162211/http://web.ead.anl.gov/uranium/guide/facts/">"Uranium Quick Facts"</a>. <i>DUF6</i>. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy, Argonne National Laboratory. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.ead.anl.gov/uranium/guide/facts/">the original</a> on 2013-02-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DUF6&rft.atitle=Uranium+Quick+Facts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.ead.anl.gov%2Furanium%2Fguide%2Ffacts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dd.anl.gov/projects/ebrII.html">"Decommissioning Projects — Experimental Breeder Reactor-II (EBR-II) Facility"</a>. <i>Argonne National Laboratory Decontamination & Decommissioning</i>. <a href="/wiki/Argonne_National_Laboratory" title="Argonne National Laboratory">Argonne National Laboratory</a>. January 30, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Argonne+National+Laboratory+Decontamination+%26+Decommissioning&rft.atitle=Decommissioning+Projects+%E2%80%94+Experimental+Breeder+Reactor-II+%28EBR-II%29+Facility&rft.date=2013-01-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dd.anl.gov%2Fprojects%2FebrII.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nuclear.inl.gov/docs/ne_brochure.pdf">"Powering Nuclear Energy Through the Generations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy National Laboratory, Bechtel BWXT Idaho, LLC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-08-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Powering+Nuclear+Energy+Through+the+Generations&rft.pub=Idaho+National+Engineering+and+Environmental+Laboratory%2C+U.S.+Department+of+Energy+National+Laboratory%2C+Bechtel+BWXT+Idaho%2C+LLC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnuclear.inl.gov%2Fdocs%2Fne_brochure.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailymotion.com/video/subtitle/create/x2fls8n_gglass-oil-extractor_tech">"Sign in / sign up - Dailymotion"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sign+in+%2F+sign+up+-+Dailymotion&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailymotion.com%2Fvideo%2Fsubtitle%2Fcreate%2Fx2fls8n_gglass-oil-extractor_tech&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091001180624/http://www.deq.state.id.us/inl_oversight/about/facilities/borax.cfm">"INL Facilities: The BORAX Reactors"</a>. <i>www.deq.state.id.us</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deq.state.id.us/inl_oversight/about/facilities/borax.cfm">the original</a> on October 1, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.deq.state.id.us&rft.atitle=INL+Facilities%3A+The+BORAX+Reactors&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deq.state.id.us%2Finl_oversight%2Fabout%2Ffacilities%2Fborax.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140314074531/https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt/community/about_inl/259/arco_lighting/7194">"Idaho town gets atomic power and light in nuclear power demonstration"</a>. <i>Idaho National Laboratory — A first-hand account of the lighting of Arco, Idaho</i>. United States Atomic Energy Commission. August 12, 1955. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt/community/about_inl/259/arco_lighting/7194">the original</a> on March 14, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-08-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Idaho+National+Laboratory+%E2%80%94+A+first-hand+account+of+the+lighting+of+Arco%2C+Idaho&rft.atitle=Idaho+town+gets+atomic+power+and+light+in+nuclear+power+demonstration&rft.date=1955-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finlportal.inl.gov%2Fportal%2Fserver.pt%2Fcommunity%2Fabout_inl%2F259%2Farco_lighting%2F7194&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201017005854/https://www.pbrb.gov/assets/uploads/PBRB%20Official%20Recommendations%20to%20OMB%2010_31_2019.pdf">"Enclosure - High Value Asset List"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Public Buildings Reform Board</i>. United States Government. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbrb.gov/assets/uploads/PBRB%20Official%20Recommendations%20to%20OMB%2010_31_2019.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 17 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Public+Buildings+Reform+Board&rft.atitle=Enclosure+-+High+Value+Asset+List&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbrb.gov%2Fassets%2Fuploads%2FPBRB%2520Official%2520Recommendations%2520to%2520OMB%252010_31_2019.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tucker-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tucker_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tucker_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTucker2009" class="citation book cs1">Tucker, Todd (2009). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/atomicamericahow00todd"><i>Atomic America: How a Deadly Explosion and a Feared Admiral Changed the Course of Nuclear History</i></a></span>. New York: Free Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-4433-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-4433-3"><bdi>978-1-4165-4433-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atomic+America%3A+How+a+Deadly+Explosion+and+a+Feared+Admiral+Changed+the+Course+of+Nuclear+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Free+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4165-4433-3&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fatomicamericahow00todd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKeown2003" class="citation book cs1">McKeown, William (2003). <i>Idaho Falls: The Untold Story of America's First Nuclear Accident</i>. Toronto: ECW Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55022-562-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55022-562-4"><bdi>978-1-55022-562-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Idaho+Falls%3A+The+Untold+Story+of+America%27s+First+Nuclear+Accident&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=ECW+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-55022-562-4&rft.aulast=McKeown&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOffice_of_Safety_and_Emergency_Management_Evaluations_Office_of_Enforcement_and_Oversight_Office_of_Health,_Safety_and_Security_U.S._Department_of_Energy2014" class="citation web cs1">Office of Safety and Emergency Management Evaluations Office of Enforcement and Oversight Office of Health, Safety and Security U.S. Department of Energy (January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2014/02/f7/2014_ID_Follow-up_of_RPP_Implementation_at_MFC_of_the_Idaho_Site,_January_2014.pdf">"Independent Oversight Follow-Up Review of Activity Level Implementation of Radiation Controls and Radiological Work Planning at the Materials and Fuels Complex of the Idaho Site"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. United States Department of Energy, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Independent+Oversight+Follow-Up+Review+of+Activity+Level+Implementation+of+Radiation+Controls+and+Radiological+Work+Planning+at+the+Materials+and+Fuels+Complex+of+the+Idaho+Site&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Energy%2C+DOE+Office+of+Nuclear+Energy&rft.date=2014-01&rft.au=Office+of+Safety+and+Emergency+Management+Evaluations+Office+of+Enforcement+and+Oversight+Office+of+Health%2C+Safety+and+Security+U.S.+Department+of+Energy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenergy.gov%2Fsites%2Fprod%2Ffiles%2F2014%2F02%2Ff7%2F2014_ID_Follow-up_of_RPP_Implementation_at_MFC_of_the_Idaho_Site%2C_January_2014.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://localnews8.com/news/2018/04/23/cleanup-project-investigation-underway/">"Cleanup project investigation underway"</a>. <i>Local News 8</i>. 2018-04-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Local+News+8&rft.atitle=Cleanup+project+investigation+underway&rft.date=2018-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flocalnews8.com%2Fnews%2F2018%2F04%2F23%2Fcleanup-project-investigation-underway%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIalenti2022" class="citation journal cs1">Ialenti, Vincent (August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/amet.13089">"Boiling sand, metallic fire: Technopolitics and temporal form in an Idaho nuclear waste accident"</a>. <i>American Ethnologist</i>. <b>49</b> (3): 387–400. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Famet.13089">10.1111/amet.13089</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0094-0496">0094-0496</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:250232581">250232581</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Ethnologist&rft.atitle=Boiling+sand%2C+metallic+fire%3A+Technopolitics+and+temporal+form+in+an+Idaho+nuclear+waste+accident&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=387-400&rft.date=2022-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A250232581%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0094-0496&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Famet.13089&rft.aulast=Ialenti&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1111%2Famet.13089&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inl.gov/data-breach/">"Data Breach Resources"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Data+Breach+Resources&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finl.gov%2Fdata-breach%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVasquez2023" class="citation web cs1">Vasquez, Christian (2023-11-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cyberscoop.com/idaho-national-laboratory-siegedsec/">"Detailed data on employees of U.S. national security lab leak online"</a>. <i>CyberScoop</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CyberScoop&rft.atitle=Detailed+data+on+employees+of+U.S.+national+security+lab+leak+online&rft.date=2023-11-20&rft.aulast=Vasquez&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcyberscoop.com%2Fidaho-national-laboratory-siegedsec%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYeo2023" class="citation web cs1">Yeo, Amanda (2023-11-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mashable.com/article/catgirl-real-nuclear-hack">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Gay furry hackers' breach nuclear lab, demand it create catgirls"</a>. <i>Mashable</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mashable&rft.atitle=%27Gay+furry+hackers%27+breach+nuclear+lab%2C+demand+it+create+catgirls&rft.date=2023-11-24&rft.aulast=Yeo&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmashable.com%2Farticle%2Fcatgirl-real-nuclear-hack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdaho+National+Laboratory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inl.gov/">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.battelle.org/">Battelle Web site</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fluor-idaho.com/">Idaho Cleanup Project</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191003072725/https://fluor-idaho.com/">Archived</a> 2019-10-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> page at <a href="/wiki/Fluor_Corporation" title="Fluor Corporation">Fluor Corporation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110505010215/http://alsos.wlu.edu/qsearch.aspx?browse=places%2FIdaho+Falls%2C+Idaho">Annotated bibliography for the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_American_Engineering_Record" class="mw-redirect" title="Historic American Engineering Record">Historic American Engineering Record</a> (HAER) documentation, filed under Scoville, Butte County, ID: <ul><li>HAER No. ID-33-A, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/id0269/">Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Test Area North, Hangar No. 629</a>", 41 photos, 91 data pages, 1 photo caption page</li> <li>HAER No. ID-33-B, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/id0406/">Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Advanced Reentry Vehicle Fusing System</a>", 38 photos, 26 data pages, 6 photo caption pages</li> <li>HAER No. ID-33-C, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/id0409/">Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Old Waste Calcining Facility</a>", 41 photos, 61 data pages, 6 photo caption pages</li> <li>HAER No. ID-33-D, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/id0410/">Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Army Reactors Experimental Area</a>", 170 photos, 63 data pages, 22 photo caption pages</li> <li>HAER No. ID-33-E, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/id0444/">Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Test Area North</a>", 384 photos, 159 data pages, 34 photo caption pages</li> <li>HAER No. ID-33-F, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/id0445/">Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, SPERT-I & Power Burst Facility Area</a>", 146 photos, 85 data pages, 16 photo caption pages</li> <li>HAER No. ID-33-G, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/id0443/">Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Test Reactor Area</a>", 467 photos, 176 data pages, 92 photo caption pages</li> <li>HAER No. ID-33-H, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/id0446/">Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho Chemical Processing Plant, Fuel Reprocessing Complex</a>", 93 photos, 79 data pages, 15 photo caption pages</li> <li>HAER No. ID-33-I, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/id0501/">Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, SPERT-III</a>", 69 photos, 60 data pages, 14 photo caption pages</li> <li>HAER No. ID-33-J, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/id0502/">Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, EBR-II Containment Building</a>", 119 photos, 115 data pages, 24 photo caption pages</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Documentation_Programs#Historic_American_Landscapes_Survey" title="Heritage Documentation Programs">Historic American Landscapes Survey</a> (HALS) No. ID-1, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/id0514/">Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Arco Naval Proving Ground</a>", 163 photos, 13 measured drawings, 343 data pages, 25 photo caption pages</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_Department_of_Energy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="Template:United States Department of Energy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="Template talk:United States Department of Energy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States Department of Energy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Department_of_Energy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">United States Department of Energy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>Headquarters: <a href="/wiki/James_V._Forrestal_Building" title="James V. Forrestal Building">James V. Forrestal Building</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Granholm" title="Jennifer Granholm">Jennifer Granholm</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Energy" title="United States Secretary of Energy">Secretary of Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Turk" title="David Turk">David Turk</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Energy" title="United States Deputy Secretary of Energy">Deputy Secretary of Energy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Energy" title="United States Deputy Secretary of Energy">Deputy Secretary of Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Intelligence_and_Counterintelligence" title="Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence">Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Information_Administration" title="Energy Information Administration">Energy Information Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARPA-E" title="ARPA-E">Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Energy.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Energy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Energy.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Energy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Energy.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Energy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Energy_for_Infrastructure" title="Under Secretary of Energy for Infrastructure">Under Secretary of Energy for Infrastructure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, & Energy Response</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Energy_for_Nuclear_Security" title="Under Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Security">Under Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Security</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Nuclear_Security_Administration" title="National Nuclear Security Administration">National Nuclear Security Administration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Energy_for_Science_and_Innovation" title="Under Secretary of Energy for Science and Innovation">Under Secretary of Energy for Science and Innovation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Science" title="Office of Science">Office of Science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Scientific_and_Technical_Information" title="Office of Scientific and Technical Information">OSTI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Electricity" title="Office of Electricity">Office of Electricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Energy_Efficiency_and_Renewable_Energy" title="Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy">Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_Energy_for_Fossil_Energy" title="Assistant Secretary of Energy for Fossil Energy">Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Nuclear_Energy" title="Office of Nuclear Energy">Office of Nuclear Energy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_Energy_for_Nuclear_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Energy">Assistant Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Nuclear_Energy" title="Office of Nuclear Energy">Office of Nuclear Energy</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Power_Marketing_Administration" title="Power Marketing Administration">Power Marketing Administration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonneville_Power_Administration" title="Bonneville Power Administration">Bonneville Power Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Power_Administration" title="Southeastern Power Administration">Southeastern Power Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Power_Administration" title="Southwestern Power Administration">Southwestern Power Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Area_Power_Administration" title="Western Area Power Administration">Western Area Power Administration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy_national_laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Department of Energy national laboratories">National Laboratory System</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ames_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Ames Laboratory">Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argonne_National_Laboratory" title="Argonne National Laboratory">Argonne</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick_Laboratory" title="New Brunswick Laboratory">NBL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Nanoscale_Materials" title="Center for Nanoscale Materials">CNM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Photon_Source" title="Advanced Photon Source">APS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argonne_Tandem_Linear_Accelerator_System" title="Argonne Tandem Linear Accelerator System">ATLAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electron_Microscopy_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Electron Microscopy Center">EMC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Berkeley_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory">Berkeley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Light_Source" title="Advanced Light Source">ALS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_Foundry" title="Molecular Foundry">MF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Electron_Microscopy" title="National Center for Electron Microscopy">NCEM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Energy_Research_Scientific_Computing_Center" title="National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center">NERSCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Sciences_Network" title="Energy Sciences Network">ESN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Genome_Institute" title="Joint Genome Institute">JGI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brookhaven_National_Laboratory" title="Brookhaven National Laboratory">Brookhaven</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternating_Gradient_Synchrotron" title="Alternating Gradient Synchrotron">AGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Functional_Nanomaterials" title="Center for Functional Nanomaterials">CFN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Synchrotron_Light_Source" title="National Synchrotron Light Source">NSLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Synchrotron_Light_Source_II" title="National Synchrotron Light Source II">NSLS II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relativistic_Heavy_Ion_Collider" title="Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider">RHIC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermilab" title="Fermilab">Fermilab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tevatron" title="Tevatron">TeV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Idaho</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radiological_and_Environmental_Sciences_Laboratory" title="Radiological and Environmental Sciences Laboratory">RESL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_National_Accelerator_Facility" title="Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility">JLab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory">Livermore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Atmospheric_Release_Advisory_Center" title="National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center">NARAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Ignition_Facility" title="National Ignition Facility">NIF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory" title="Los Alamos National Laboratory">Los Alamos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dual-Axis_Radiographic_Hydrodynamic_Test_Facility" title="Dual-Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test Facility">DARHTF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Energy_Technology_Laboratory" title="National Energy Technology Laboratory">NETL</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albany_Research_Center" title="Albany Research Center">Albany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory" title="National Renewable Energy Laboratory">NREL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge_National_Laboratory" title="Oak Ridge National Laboratory">Oak Ridge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spallation_Neutron_Source" title="Spallation Neutron Source">SNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Nanophase_Materials_Sciences" title="Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences">CNMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Flux_Isotope_Reactor" title="High Flux Isotope Reactor">HFIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Computational_Sciences" title="National Center for Computational Sciences">NCCS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_National_Laboratory" title="Pacific Northwest National Laboratory">Pacific Northwest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Molecular_Sciences_Laboratory" title="Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory">EMSL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_Plasma_Physics_Laboratory" title="Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory">PPPL</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Spherical_Torus_Experiment" title="National Spherical Torus Experiment">NSTX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokamak_Fusion_Test_Reactor" title="Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor">TFTR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savannah_River_National_Laboratory" title="Savannah River National Laboratory">SRNL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandia_National_Laboratories" title="Sandia National Laboratories">Sandia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Z_Pulsed_Power_Facility" title="Z Pulsed Power Facility">Z</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLAC_National_Accelerator_Laboratory" title="SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory">SLAC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Synchrotron_Radiation_Lightsource" title="Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource">SSRL</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Energy Department Facilities and Reservations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fernald_Feed_Materials_Production_Center" title="Fernald Feed Materials Production Center">Fernald NLO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanford_Site" title="Hanford Site">Hanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-25" title="K-25">K-25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansas City Plant">Kansas City Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_Test_Site" title="Nevada Test Site">Nevada Test Site</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pahute_Mesa#Area_19" title="Pahute Mesa">Area 19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahute_Mesa#Area_20" title="Pahute Mesa">Area 20</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Home_Heating_Oil_Reserve" title="Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve">NHHOR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantex_Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Pantex Plant">Pantex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Flats_Plant" title="Rocky Flats Plant">Rocky Flats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Susana_Field_Laboratory" title="Santa Susana Field Laboratory">SSFL</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Technology_Engineering_Center" title="Energy Technology Engineering Center">ETEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_Reactor_Experiment" title="Sodium Reactor Experiment">SRE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savannah_River_Site" title="Savannah River Site">SRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Petroleum_Reserve_(United_States)" title="Strategic Petroleum Reserve (United States)">SPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_Isolation_Pilot_Plant" title="Waste Isolation Pilot Plant">WIPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y-12_National_Security_Complex" title="Y-12 National Security Complex">Y-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yucca_Mountain_nuclear_waste_repository" title="Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository">Yucca Mountain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related Independent Agency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Energy_Regulatory_Commission" title="Federal Energy Regulatory Commission">Federal Energy Regulatory Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Idaho_National_Laboratory&params=43_32_00_N_112_56_41_W_type:adm2nd_region:US-ID"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°32′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">112°56′41″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.53333°N 112.94472°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.53333; -112.94472</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1314158#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1314158#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1314158#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000100207392">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/153971273">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/148979192">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/106638326X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84212397">United States</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2006024236">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36562350">Australia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&oldid=1259701981">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&oldid=1259701981</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Idaho_National_Laboratory" title="Category:Idaho National Laboratory">Idaho National Laboratory</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Bingham_County,_Idaho" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Bingham County, Idaho">Buildings and structures in Bingham County, Idaho</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Bonneville_County,_Idaho" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Bonneville County, Idaho">Buildings and structures in Bonneville County, Idaho</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Butte_County,_Idaho" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Butte County, Idaho">Buildings and structures in Butte County, Idaho</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Jefferson_County,_Idaho" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Jefferson County, Idaho">Buildings and structures in Jefferson County, Idaho</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Historic_American_Engineering_Record_in_Idaho" title="Category:Historic American Engineering Record in Idaho">Historic American Engineering Record in Idaho</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Historic_American_Landscapes_Survey_in_Idaho" title="Category:Historic American Landscapes Survey in Idaho">Historic American Landscapes Survey in Idaho</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Department_of_Energy_national_laboratories" title="Category:United States Department of Energy national laboratories">United States Department of Energy national laboratories</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Federally_Funded_Research_and_Development_Centers" title="Category:Federally Funded Research and Development Centers">Federally Funded Research and Development Centers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Government_buildings_in_Idaho" title="Category:Government buildings in Idaho">Government buildings in Idaho</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Superfund_sites_in_Idaho" title="Category:Superfund sites in Idaho">Superfund sites in Idaho</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battelle_Memorial_Institute" title="Category:Battelle Memorial Institute">Battelle Memorial Institute</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nuclear_reprocessing_sites" title="Category:Nuclear reprocessing sites">Nuclear reprocessing sites</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nuclear_fuel_infrastructure_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Nuclear fuel infrastructure in the United States">Nuclear fuel infrastructure in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Research_institutes_in_Idaho" title="Category:Research institutes in Idaho">Research institutes in Idaho</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2014" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2014">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2014" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2014">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2013" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2013">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_August_2014" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from August 2014">Articles needing additional references from August 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Official_website_different_in_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia" title="Category:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia">Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 November 2024, at 16:26<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Idaho_National_Laboratory&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-669b4ddb54-dk5c6","wgBackendResponseTime":187,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.899","walltime":"1.039","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5926,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":195821,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4524,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":15,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":15,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":272758,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 903.427 1 -total"," 45.44% 410.530 1 Template:Reflist"," 36.36% 328.530 62 Template:Cite_web"," 7.69% 69.443 1 Template:Infobox_laboratory"," 7.28% 65.728 1 Template:Infobox"," 7.23% 65.307 1 Template:United_States_Department_of_Energy"," 7.07% 63.830 1 Template:Navbox"," 6.02% 54.374 1 Template:Short_description"," 4.73% 42.733 2 Template:Location_map"," 4.19% 37.849 1 Template:More_citations_needed_section"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.572","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":10038997,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-5649595d6f-spj2c","timestamp":"20241126162631","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Idaho National Laboratory","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Idaho_National_Laboratory","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1314158","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1314158","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-09-13T03:36:20Z","dateModified":"2024-11-26T16:26:30Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d4\/Nautilus_core.jpg","headline":"United States Department of Energy complex located in the high desert of eastern Idaho"}</script> </body> </html>