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درمان جایگزینی نیکوتین - ویکیپدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
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vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="گزینههای بیشتر" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ابزارهای شخصی" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ابزارهای شخصی</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="منوی کاربری" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_fa.wikipedia.org&uselang=fa"><span>کمک مالی</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%87:%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C&returnto=%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C+%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="از شما دعوت میشود که یک حساب ایجاد کنید و وارد شوید؛ هرچند که این کار اختیاری است."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ایجاد حساب</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%87:%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87&returnto=%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C+%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="توصیه میشود که به سامانه وارد شوید، گرچه اجباری نیست [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ورود</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> صفحههایی برای ویرایشگرانی که از سامانه خارج شدند <a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7:%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%87" aria-label="دربارهٔ ویرایشکردن بیشتر بدانید"><span>بیشتر بدانید</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%87:%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%86" title="فهرست ویرایشها انجام شده از این نشانی آیپی [y]" accesskey="y"><span>مشارکتها</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%87:%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB_%D9%85%D9%86" title="بحث پیرامون ویرایشهای این نشانی آیپی [n]" accesskey="n"><span>بحث</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="وبگاه"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="فهرست" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">فهرست</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">انتقال به نوار کناری</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">نهفتن</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">بخش آغازین</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-منابع" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#منابع"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۱</span> <span>منابع</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-منابع-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="فهرست" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="تغییر وضعیت فهرست محتویات" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">تغییر وضعیت فهرست محتویات</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">درمان جایگزینی نیکوتین</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="به مقالهای به یک زبان دیگر بروید. به ۲۱ زبان در دسترس است." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">۲۱ زبان</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%A9" title="معالجة النيكوتين بالإعاضة–عربی" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معالجة النيكوتين بالإعاضة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="عربی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF" title="নিকোটিন প্রতিস্থাপন থেরাপি–بنگالی" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নিকোটিন প্রতিস্থাপন থেরাপি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="بنگالی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ter%C3%A0pia_de_substituci%C3%B3_de_nicotina" title="Teràpia de substitució de nicotina–کاتالان" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Teràpia de substitució de nicotina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="کاتالان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therapi_amnewid_nicotin" title="Therapi amnewid nicotin–ولزی" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Therapi amnewid nicotin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ولزی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikotinersatztherapie" title="Nikotinersatztherapie–آلمانی" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nikotinersatztherapie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="آلمانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1_%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Υποκατάστατα νικοτίνης–یونانی" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υποκατάστατα νικοτίνης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="یونانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotine_replacement_therapy" title="Nicotine replacement therapy–انگلیسی" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Nicotine replacement therapy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="انگلیسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terapias_de_reemplazo_de_nicotina" title="Terapias de reemplazo de nicotina–اسپانیایی" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Terapias de reemplazo de nicotina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="اسپانیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitut_nicotinique" title="Substitut nicotinique–فرانسوی" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Substitut nicotinique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="فرانسوی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9F" title="טיפולי החלפת ניקוטין–عبری" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טיפולי החלפת ניקוטין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="عبری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E7%85%99%E3%82%B0%E3%83%83%E3%82%BA" title="禁煙グッズ–ژاپنی" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="禁煙グッズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ژاپنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8" title="നിക്കോട്ടിൻ പ്രതിനിധാന ചികിത്സ–مالایالامی" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നിക്കോട്ടിൻ പ്രതിനിധാന ചികിത്സ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="مالایالامی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotinevervangingstherapie" title="Nicotinevervangingstherapie–هلندی" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nicotinevervangingstherapie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="هلندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8_%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%83%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A5%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%A8_%E0%AC%9A%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE" title="ନିକୋଟିନ ପୁନଃସ୍ଥାପନ ଚିକିତ୍ସା–اوریهای" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ନିକୋଟିନ ପୁନଃସ୍ଥାପନ ଚିକିତ୍ସା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="اوریهای" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Никотинзаместительная терапия–روسی" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Никотинзаместительная терапия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="روسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotine_replacement_therapy" title="Nicotine replacement therapy–انگلیسی ساده" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nicotine replacement therapy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="انگلیسی ساده" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikotinsko_nadomestno_zdravljenje" title="Nikotinsko nadomestno zdravljenje–اسلوونیایی" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nikotinsko nadomestno zdravljenje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="اسلوونیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikotin_replasman_tedavisi" title="Nikotin replasman tedavisi–ترکی استانبولی" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nikotin replasman tedavisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ترکی استانبولی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Нікотинозамісна терапія–اوکراینی" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нікотинозамісна терапія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="اوکراینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%E1%BB%87u_ph%C3%A1p_thay_th%E1%BA%BF_nicotine" title="Liệu pháp thay thế nicotine–ویتنامی" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Liệu pháp thay thế nicotine" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ویتنامی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E4%B8%81%E5%8F%96%E4%BB%A3%E7%99%82%E6%B3%95" title="尼古丁取代療法–چینی" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="尼古丁取代療法" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="چینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1189783#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="ویرایش پیوندهای بینزبانی" class="wbc-editpage">ویرایش پیوندها</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="فضاهای نام"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">انتقال به نوار کناری</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">نهفتن</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">از ویکیپدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="fa" dir="rtl"><p><b>ترک سیگار با چسب نیکوتین</b> (<b>NRT</b>) از نظر پزشکی تایید شده است و برای <a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="ترک اعتیاد">ترک اعتیاد</a> به سیگار یا جویدن توتون و تنباکو <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> از آن استفاده می شود.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2015_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2015-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> و در این روش شانس <a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="ترک سیگار">ترک سیگار</a> در حدود 50% تا 70% است.<sup id="cite_ref-Stead2012_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stead2012-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> اغلب از آن همراه با دیگر تکنیک های رفتاری استفاده می شود. NRT برای درمان <a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88" title="کولیت اولسراتیو">کولیت اولسراتیو</a> نیز استفاده شده است . انواع NRT شامل <a href="/wiki/%DA%86%D8%B3%D8%A8_%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="چسب نیکوتین">پچ چسب</a>، آدامسها، قرصها، اسپری استنشاقی است.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2015_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2015-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> استفاده از بیش از یک نوع از NRT در یک زمان ممکن است موجب افزایش اثربخشی شود .<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="منابع"><span id=".D9.85.D9.86.D8.A7.D8.A8.D8.B9"></span>منابع</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86&action=edit&section=1" title="ویرایش بخش: منابع"><span>ویرایش</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r37199623">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 32em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r39868036">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFJainMajumderGupta2013" class="citation journal cs1">Jain, R; Majumder, P; Gupta, T (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3891736">"Pharmacological intervention of nicotine dependence"</a>. <i>BioMed research international</i>. <b>2013</b>: 278392. <a href="/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84" title="شناساگر اشیاء دیجیتال">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1155%2F2013%2F278392">10.1155/2013/278392</a>. <a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84" title="پابمد سنترال">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3891736">3891736</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%AF" title="پابمد">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24490153">24490153</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioMed+research+international&rft.atitle=Pharmacological+intervention+of+nicotine+dependence.&rft.volume=2013&rft.pages=278392&rft.date=2013&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3891736%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24490153&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1155%2F2013%2F278392&rft.aulast=Jain&rft.aufirst=R&rft.au=Majumder%2C+P&rft.au=Gupta%2C+T&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3891736&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C+%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AHFS2015-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2015_2-0">۲٫۰</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2015_2-1">۲٫۱</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/monograph/nicotine.html">"Nicotine"</a>. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved Dec 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nicotine&rft.pub=The+American+Society+of+Health-System+Pharmacists&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugs.com%2Fmonograph%2Fnicotine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C+%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%AF%D9%88:Cite_web" title="الگو:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7:CS1_errors#bad_date" class="mw-redirect" title="راهنما:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite id="CITEREFSmithScottKettermanSmith2005" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, KD; Scott, MA; Ketterman, E; Smith, PO (April 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-family-practice_2005-04_54_4/page/368">"Clinical inquiries. What interventions can help patients stop using chewing tobacco?"</a>. <i>The Journal of family practice</i>. <b>54</b> (4): 368–9. <a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%AF" title="پابمد">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15833231">15833231</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+family+practice&rft.atitle=Clinical+inquiries.+What+interventions+can+help+patients+stop+using+chewing+tobacco%3F&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=368-9&rft.date=2005-04&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15833231&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=KD&rft.au=Scott%2C+MA&rft.au=Ketterman%2C+E&rft.au=Smith%2C+PO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_journal-of-family-practice_2005-04_54_4%2Fpage%2F368&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C+%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stead2012-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Stead2012_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite id="CITEREFSteadPerera,_RBullen,_CMant,_D2012" class="citation journal cs1">Stead, LF; Perera, R; Bullen, C; Mant, D; Hartmann-Boyce, J; Cahill, K; Lancaster, T (Nov 14, 2012). Stead, Lindsay F (ed.). "Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation". <i>The Cochrane database of systematic reviews</i>. <b>11</b>: CD000146. <a href="/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84" title="شناساگر اشیاء دیجیتال">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14651858.CD000146.pub4">10.1002/14651858.CD000146.pub4</a>. <a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%AF" title="پابمد">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23152200">23152200</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cochrane+database+of+systematic+reviews&rft.atitle=Nicotine+replacement+therapy+for+smoking+cessation&rft.volume=11&rft.pages=CD000146&rft.date=2012-11-14&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14651858.CD000146.pub4&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23152200&rft.aulast=Stead&rft.aufirst=LF&rft.au=Perera%2C+R&rft.au=Bullen%2C+C&rft.au=Mant%2C+D&rft.au=Hartmann-Boyce%2C+J&rft.au=Cahill%2C+K&rft.au=Lancaster%2C+T&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C+%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonough2015" class="citation journal cs1">McDonough, M (August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4653977">"Update on medicines for smoking cessation"</a>. <i>Australian prescriber</i>. <b>38</b> (4): 106–11. <a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84" title="پابمد سنترال">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4653977">4653977</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%AF" title="پابمد">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26648633">26648633</a>. <q>Evidence suggests that combinations of nicotine replacement therapy may be more effective than using a single formulation</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+prescriber&rft.atitle=Update+on+medicines+for+smoking+cessation.&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=106-11&rft.date=2015-08&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4653977%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26648633&rft.aulast=McDonough&rft.aufirst=M&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4653977&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C+%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite id="CITEREFCahillStevensPereraLancaster2013" class="citation journal cs1">Cahill, K; Stevens, S; Perera, R; Lancaster, T (31 May 2013). "Pharmacological interventions for smoking cessation: an overview and network meta-analysis". <i>The Cochrane database of systematic reviews</i>. <b>5</b>: CD009329. <a href="/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84" title="شناساگر اشیاء دیجیتال">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14651858.CD009329.pub2">10.1002/14651858.CD009329.pub2</a>. <a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%AF" title="پابمد">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23728690">23728690</a>. <q>Combination NRT also outperformed single formulations</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cochrane+database+of+systematic+reviews&rft.atitle=Pharmacological+interventions+for+smoking+cessation%3A+an+overview+and+network+meta-analysis.&rft.volume=5&rft.pages=CD009329&rft.date=2013-05-31&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14651858.CD009329.pub2&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23728690&rft.aulast=Cahill&rft.aufirst=K&rft.au=Stevens%2C+S&rft.au=Perera%2C+R&rft.au=Lancaster%2C+T&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C+%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5dc468848‐qdzgg Cached time: 20241122155737 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.165 seconds Real time usage: 0.209 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 466/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 15822/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 208/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 22228/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.116/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3837048/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 193.568 1 -total 100.00% 193.568 1 الگو:پانویس 73.60% 142.473 5 الگو:Cite_journal 6.97% 13.496 1 الگو:Formatnumber 5.51% 10.674 1 الگو:Cite_web 1.15% 2.232 2 الگو:Yesno 1.03% 1.991 1 الگو:Main_other --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key fawiki:pcache:idhash:3603895-0!canonical and timestamp 20241122155737 and revision id 37839153. 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