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href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legături externe subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Text"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Text</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Text-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Materiale_secundare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Materiale_secundare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Materiale secundare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Materiale_secundare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Naturalis Historia</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 45 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natuurgeskiedenis_(Plinius)" title="Natuurgeskiedenis (Plinius) – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Natuurgeskiedenis (Plinius)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%8A_(%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9)" title="التاريخ الطبيعي (موسوعة) – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="التاريخ الطبيعي (موسوعة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalis_historia" title="Naturalis historia – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Naturalis historia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Естествена история – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Естествена история" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_(%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF)" title="ন্যাচারাল হিস্ট্রি (প্লিনি) – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ন্যাচারাল হিস্ট্রি (প্লিনি)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalis_historia" title="Naturalis historia – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Naturalis historia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalis_Historia" title="Naturalis Historia – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Naturalis Historia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalis_historia" title="Naturalis historia – cebuană" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Naturalis historia" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%8C_(%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C)" title="مێژووی سرووشتی (پلینی) – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مێژووی سرووشتی (پلینی)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalis_historia" title="Naturalis historia – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Naturalis historia" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalis_Historia" title="Naturalis Historia – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Naturalis Historia" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalis_historia" title="Naturalis historia – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Naturalis historia" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%99%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1_(%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82)" title="Φυσική Ιστορία (Πλίνιος) – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φυσική Ιστορία (Πλίνιος)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_History_(Pliny)" title="Natural History (Pliny) – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Natural History (Pliny)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_natural_(obra_de_Plinio)" title="Historia natural (obra de Plinio) – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Historia natural (obra de Plinio)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natur_Historia_(Plinio)" title="Natur Historia (Plinio) – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Natur Historia (Plinio)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D8%B7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B9%DB%8C_(%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C)" title="تاریخ طبیعی (پلینی) – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تاریخ طبیعی (پلینی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalis_historia" title="Naturalis historia – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Naturalis historia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoire_naturelle_(Pline_l%27Ancien)" title="Histoire naturelle (Pline l'Ancien) – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Histoire naturelle (Pline l'Ancien)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalis_Historia" title="Naturalis Historia – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Naturalis Historia" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalis_Historia" title="Naturalis Historia – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Naturalis Historia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%98%D7%91%D7%A2" title="תולדות הטבע – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תולדות הטבע" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_natural_(libro)" title="Historia natural (libro) – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Historia natural (libro)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalis_Historia" title="Naturalis Historia – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Naturalis Historia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalis_historia" title="Naturalis historia – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Naturalis historia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E8%AA%8C" title="博物誌 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="博物誌" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98)" title="ბუნების ისტორია (პლინიუსი) – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბუნების ისტორია (პლინიუსი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%95%EB%AC%BC%EC%A7%80" title="박물지 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="박물지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalis_historia_(Plinius)" title="Naturalis historia (Plinius) – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Naturalis historia (Plinius)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantara_Voajanahary" title="Tantara Voajanahary – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tantara Voajanahary" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="നാച്വറലിസ് ഹിസ്റ്റോറിയ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നാച്വറലിസ് ഹിസ്റ്റോറിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalis_Historia" title="Naturalis Historia – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Naturalis Historia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalis_historia" title="Naturalis historia – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Naturalis historia" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalis_Historia" title="Naturalis Historia – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Naturalis Historia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ist%C3%B2ria_naturala_(Plini)" title="Istòria naturala (Plini) – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Istòria naturala (Plini)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_naturalna_(encyklopedia)" title="Historia naturalna (encyklopedia) – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Historia naturalna (encyklopedia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hist%C3%B3ria_Natural_(Pl%C3%ADnio)" title="História Natural (Plínio) – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="História Natural (Plínio)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9)" title="Естественная история (Плиний) – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Естественная история (Плиний)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalis_historia" title="Naturalis historia – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Naturalis historia" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalis_Historia" title="Naturalis Historia – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Naturalis Historia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do%C4%9Fa_Tarihi" title="Doğa Tarihi – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Doğa Tarihi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0_%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9)" title="Природнича історія (Пліній) – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Природнича історія (Пліній)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li 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class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Naturalishistoria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Naturalishistoria.jpg" decoding="async" width="235" height="396" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="235" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption>Ediţia <i>Naturalis historia</i> din<a href="/wiki/1669" title="1669">1669</a>, pagina cu titlul "Volumul I al <i>Natural History</i> de Gaius Plinius Secundus."</figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Istorie Naturală</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Latin%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Latină">latină</a>: <i>Naturalis historia</i>) este o <a href="/wiki/Enciclopedie" title="Enciclopedie">enciclopedie</a> publicată în <a href="/w/index.php?title=Circa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Circa — pagină inexistentă">circa</a> 77–79 AD  de către <a href="/wiki/Plinius_cel_B%C4%83tr%C3%A2n" title="Plinius cel Bătrân">Plinius cel Bătrân</a>. Este una dintre cele mai mari lucrări cu un singur autor care au supraviețuit din <a href="/wiki/Imperiul_Roman" title="Imperiul Roman">Imperiul Roman</a> și acoperă în întregime domeniul cunoștințelor antice, bazate pe diferite referințe disponibile lui Plinius. El pretinde că este singurul roman care a realizat o asemenea lucrare și mulțumește mamei universale (Natura) pentru acest lucru. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conținut"><span id="Con.C8.9Binut"></span>Conținut</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturalis_Historia&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Conținut" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturalis_Historia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Conținut"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Naturalis Historia</i> conține 37 de cărți. Plinius a realizat un tabel cu cuprinsul cărții. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>I </td> <td>Prefață și tabelul cu cuprinsul, lista referințelor </td></tr> <tr> <td>II </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Matematic%C4%83" title="Matematică">Matematică</a> și descrierea fizică a lumii </td></tr> <tr> <td>III–VI </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Geografie" title="Geografie">Geografie</a> și <a href="/wiki/Etnografie" title="Etnografie">etnografie</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>VII </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antropologie" title="Antropologie">Antropologie</a> și <a href="/wiki/Psihologie" title="Psihologie">psihologie</a> umană </td></tr> <tr> <td>VIII–XI </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zoologie" title="Zoologie">Zoologie</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>XII–XXVII </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Botanic%C4%83" title="Botanică">Botanică</a>, conținând <a href="/wiki/Agricultur%C4%83" title="Agricultură">agricultură</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horticultur%C4%83" title="Horticultură">horticultură</a> și <a href="/wiki/Farmacologie" title="Farmacologie">farmacologie</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>XXVIII–XXXII </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Farmacologie" title="Farmacologie">Farmacologie</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>XXXIII–XXXVII </td> <td>Minerit și <a href="/wiki/Mineralogie" title="Mineralogie">mineralogie</a>, în special aplicațiile din viață și artă, include:<br /><a href="/wiki/Aur" title="Aur">aur</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Argint" title="Argint">argint</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Sculptura" class="mw-redirect" title="Sculptura">sculptura</a> în <a href="/wiki/Bronz" title="Bronz">bronz</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Pictura" class="mw-redirect" title="Pictura">pictura</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />modelling <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Argil%C4%83" title="Argilă">sculptura în argilă</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Intalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Intalia">pietre prețioase</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturalis_Historia&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturalis_Historia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">xxxiii.154–751</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">xxxiv</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">xxxv.15–941</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">151–851</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">xxxvi</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">xxxvii</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lectură_suplimentară"><span id="Lectur.C4.83_suplimentar.C4.83"></span>Lectură suplimentară</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturalis_Historia&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Lectură suplimentară" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturalis_Historia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Lectură suplimentară"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r12727094">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><cite class="citation journal">Burnham, Barry C. (<time datetime="1997">1997</time>). „Roman Mining at Dolaucothi: the Implications of the 1991-3 Excavations near the Carreg Pumsaint”. <i>Britannia</i>. Britannia, Vol. 28. <b>28</b>: 325–336. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F526771">10.2307/526771</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/526771">526771</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Britannia&rft.atitle=Roman+Mining+at+Dolaucothi%3A+the+Implications+of+the+1991-3+Excavations+near+the+Carreg+Pumsaint&rft.volume=28&rft.pages=325-336&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F526771&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F526771&rft.aulast=Burnham&rft.aufirst=Barry+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ANaturalis+Historia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></li> <li>French, Roger and Greenaway, Frank, <i>Science in the Early Roman Empire: Pliny the Elder, his Sources and Influence</i>, Croom Helm (1986).</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Healy, John F. (<time datetime="1999">1999</time>). <i>Pliny the Elder on science and technology</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0198146876" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/0198146876">0198146876</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pliny+the+Elder+on+science+and+technology&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0198146876&rft.aulast=Healy&rft.aufirst=John+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ANaturalis+Historia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Hodge, A.T. (<time datetime="2001">2001</time>). <i>Roman Aqueducts & Water Supply</i> (ed. 2). London: Duckworth.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roman+Aqueducts+%26+Water+Supply&rft.place=London&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Duckworth&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=A.T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ANaturalis+Historia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Isager, Jacob (<time datetime="1991">1991</time>). <i>Pliny on Art and Society: The Elder Pliny's Chapters on the History of Art</i>. London & New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0-415-06950-5" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/0-415-06950-5">0-415-06950-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pliny+on+Art+and+Society%3A+The+Elder+Pliny%27s+Chapters+on+the+History+of+Art&rft.place=London+%26+New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-415-06950-5&rft.aulast=Isager&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ANaturalis+Historia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Jones, G.D.B. (<time datetime="1960">1960</time>). „Dolaucothi: the Roman aqueduct”. <i>Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies</i>. <b>19</b>: 71–84 and plates III–V.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Board+of+Celtic+Studies&rft.atitle=Dolaucothi%3A+the+Roman+aqueduct&rft.volume=19&rft.pages=71-84+and+plates+III-V&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=G.D.B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ANaturalis+Historia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Jones, R. F. J.; Bird, D. G. (<time datetime="1972">1972</time>). „Roman gold-mining in north-west Spain, II: Workings on the Rio Duerna”. <i>Journal of Roman Studies</i>. The Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. 62. <b>62</b>: 59–74. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F298927">10.2307/298927</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/298927">298927</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Roman+Studies&rft.atitle=Roman+gold-mining+in+north-west+Spain%2C+II%3A+Workings+on+the+Rio+Duerna&rft.volume=62&rft.pages=59-74&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F298927&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F298927&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=R.+F.+J.&rft.au=Bird%2C+D.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ANaturalis+Historia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Lewis, P. R. (<time datetime="1977">1977</time>). <i>The Ogofau roman gold mines at Dolaucothi</i>. The National Trust year book 1976–77. Llandeilo: The National Trust.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ogofau+roman+gold+mines+at+Dolaucothi&rft.place=Llandeilo&rft.series=The+National+Trust+year+book+1976%E2%80%9377&rft.pub=The+National+Trust&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=P.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ANaturalis+Historia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Lewis, P. R.; Jones, G. D. B. (<time datetime="1969">1969</time>). „The Dolaucothi gold mines, I: the surface evidence”. <i>The Antiquaries Journal</i>. <b>49</b> (2): 244–72.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Antiquaries+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Dolaucothi+gold+mines%2C+I%3A+the+surface+evidence&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=244-72&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=P.+R.&rft.au=Jones%2C+G.+D.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ANaturalis+Historia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Lewis, P. R.; Jones, G. D. B. (<time datetime="1970">1970</time>). „Roman gold-mining in north-west Spain”. <i>Journal of Roman Studies</i>. The Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. 60. <b>60</b>: 169–85. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F299421">10.2307/299421</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/299421">299421</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Roman+Studies&rft.atitle=Roman+gold-mining+in+north-west+Spain&rft.volume=60&rft.pages=169-85&rft.date=1970&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F299421&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F299421&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=P.+R.&rft.au=Jones%2C+G.+D.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ANaturalis+Historia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li>H. Rackham, W.H.S. Jones & D.E. Eichholz (translators), <i>Pliny – Natural History</i>, 10 volumes, Loeb Classical Library, 1938–1962.</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Wethered, H. N. (<time datetime="1937">1937</time>). <i>The Mind of the Ancient World: A Consideration of Pliny's Natural History</i>. London: Longmans Green.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mind+of+the+Ancient+World%3A+A+Consideration+of+Pliny%27s+Natural+History&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Longmans+Green&rft.date=1937&rft.aulast=Wethered&rft.aufirst=H.+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ANaturalis+Historia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturalis_Historia&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturalis_Historia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Text">Text</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturalis_Historia&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Text" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturalis_Historia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Text"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Pliny_the_Elder/home.html">Complete Latin text at LacusCurtius</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0138:toc">Complete Latin text with translation tools at the Perseus Digital Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/holland/index.html">First English translation</a>, by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philemon_Holland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philemon Holland — pagină inexistentă">Philemon Holland</a>, 1601</li> <li>Second English translation, by <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Bostock_(physician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Bostock (physician) — pagină inexistentă">John Bostock</a> and H. T. Riley, 1855; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plin.+Nat.+toc">complete, including index</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://librivox.org/the-natural-history-volume-1-by-pliny-the-elder/">Free audio book version</a> of the English translation by J. Bostock and H. T. Riley, from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://librivox.org/">LibriVox</a> (incomplete)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Materiale_secundare">Materiale secundare</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturalis_Historia&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Materiale secundare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturalis_Historia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Materiale secundare"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2843/is_1_27/ai_95501851">Pliny the Elder: rampant credulist, rational skeptic, or both?</a> from the <i>Skeptical Inquirer</i></li></ul> <p><i>Acest articol conține text din</i> <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_1911" title="Encyclopædia Britannica 1911">Encyclopædia Britannica 1911</a>, <i>o publicație aparținând <a href="/wiki/Domeniu_public" title="Domeniu public">domeniului public</a>.</i> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livius.org/pi-pm/pliny/pliny_e3.html">Chapter summaries</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140424224737/http://www.livius.org/pi-pm/pliny/pliny_e3.html">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2014-04-24">24 aprilie 2014</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fds.oup.com/www.oup.co.uk/pdf/0-19-814687-6.pdf">Life and career</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110930145212/http://fds.oup.com/www.oup.co.uk/pdf/0-19-814687-6.pdf">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2011-09-30">30 septembrie 2011</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livius.org/pi-pm/pliny/pliny_e3.html#history">Pliny's Natural history</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140424224737/http://www.livius.org/pi-pm/pliny/pliny_e3.html#history">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2014-04-24">24 aprilie 2014</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Adus de la <a dir="ltr" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naturalis_Historia&oldid=16189470">https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naturalis_Historia&oldid=16189470</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categorii" title="Special:Categorii">Categorii</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:1911_Britannica" title="Categorie:1911 Britannica">1911 Britannica</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categorie:Texte_antice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categorie:Texte antice — pagină inexistentă">Texte antice</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categorie:Enciclopedii_latine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categorie:Enciclopedii latine — pagină inexistentă">Enciclopedii latine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Literatur%C4%83_latin%C4%83" title="Categorie:Literatură latină">Literatură latină</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:C%C4%83r%C8%9Bi_din_secolul_I" title="Categorie:Cărți din secolul I">Cărți din secolul I</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorie ascunsă: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Categorie:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ultima editare a paginii a fost efectuată la 31 martie 2024, ora 11:13.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Acest text este disponibil sub licența <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro">Creative Commons cu atribuire și distribuire în condiții identice</a>; pot exista și clauze suplimentare. 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