CINXE.COM

Encyclopædia Britannica 1911 - Wikipedia

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="ro" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Encyclopædia Britannica 1911 - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )rowikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","ianuarie","februarie","martie","aprilie","mai","iunie","iulie","august","septembrie","octombrie","noiembrie","decembrie"],"wgRequestId":"5e1db206-6706-4837-a127-7bbcbb454a93","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Encyclopædia_Britannica_1911","wgTitle":"Encyclopædia Britannica 1911","wgCurRevisionId":16080349,"wgRevisionId":16080349,"wgArticleId":63970,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pagini ce folosesc legături automate către ISBN","1911 Britannica","Cărți din 1911","Enciclopedii britanice","Enciclopedii din domeniul public","Enciclopedii în limba engleză"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"ro","wgPageContentLanguage":"ro","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Encyclopædia_Britannica_1911","wgRelevantArticleId":63970,"wgTempUserName":null,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"ro","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"ro"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":9000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q867541","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled": false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.2"};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging", "ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ro&amp;modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=ro&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ro&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Encyclopaedia_Britannica_1911.svg/1200px-Encyclopaedia_Britannica_1911.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="761"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Encyclopaedia_Britannica_1911.svg/800px-Encyclopaedia_Britannica_1911.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="507"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Encyclopaedia_Britannica_1911.svg/640px-Encyclopaedia_Britannica_1911.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="406"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Encyclopædia Britannica 1911 - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//ro.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_1911"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Modificare" href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_1911&amp;action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (ro)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ro.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_1911"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Abonare Atom" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Schimb%C4%83ri_recente&amp;feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Encyclopædia_Britannica_1911 rootpage-Encyclopædia_Britannica_1911 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Sari la conținut</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Meniul principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Meniul principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Meniul principal</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pagina_principal%C4%83" title="Vedeți pagina principală [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Pagina principală</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Schimb%C4%83ri_recente" title="Lista ultimelor schimbări realizate în acest wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Schimbări recente</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cafenea" title="Informații despre evenimentele curente"><span>Cafenea</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Aleatoriu" title="Afișează o pagină aleatoare [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Articol aleatoriu</span></a></li><li id="n-Facebook" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/WikipediaRomana" rel="nofollow"><span>Facebook</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Participare" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Participare" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Participare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Cum-încep-pe-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Bun_venit"><span>Cum încep pe Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Cuprins" title="Locul în care găsiți ajutor"><span>Ajutor</span></a></li><li id="n-Portals" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:R%C4%83sfoire"><span>Portaluri tematice</span></a></li><li id="n-Articole-cerute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articole_cerute"><span>Articole cerute</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Pagina_principal%C4%83" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="enciclopedia liberă" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ro.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:C%C4%83utare" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Căutare în Wikipedia [c]" accesskey="c"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Căutare</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Căutare în Wikipedia" aria-label="Căutare în Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Căutare în Wikipedia [c]" accesskey="c" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Căutare"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Căutare</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Unelte personale"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aspect" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspect</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_ro.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=ro" class=""><span>Donații</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%C3%8Enregistrare&amp;returnto=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+1911" title="Vă încurajăm să vă creați un cont și să vă autentificați; totuși, nu este obligatoriu" class=""><span>Creare cont</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Autentificare&amp;returnto=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+1911" title="Sunteți încurajat să vă autentificați, deși acest lucru nu este obligatoriu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Autentificare</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte personale" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte personale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Meniul de utilizator" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_ro.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=ro"><span>Donații</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%C3%8Enregistrare&amp;returnto=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+1911" title="Vă încurajăm să vă creați un cont și să vă autentificați; totuși, nu este obligatoriu"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Creare cont</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Autentificare&amp;returnto=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+1911" title="Sunteți încurajat să vă autentificați, deși acest lucru nu este obligatoriu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Autentificare</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eascunde\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"anonnotice\" lang=\"ro\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"plainlinks\" style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; margin: 0 0 3px;\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"nomobile\" style=\"float:right\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Concurs_de_scriere\" title=\"Wikipedia:Concurs de scriere\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Concurs_de_scriere.png/126px-Concurs_de_scriere.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"126\" height=\"95\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Concurs_de_scriere.png/189px-Concurs_de_scriere.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Concurs_de_scriere.png/251px-Concurs_de_scriere.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"506\" data-file-height=\"383\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"color: grey; max-width:1280px; margin: 12px auto; font-family: Tahoma, \u0026#39;DejaVu Sans Condensed\u0026#39;, sans-serif; text-align: center; font-size: 12pt; position: relative;\"\u003EA început o nouă ediție a concursului de scriere! Sunteți cu drag invitați să participați la ediția cu numărul 22, cu articole scrise sau dezvoltate considerabil între 1 aprilie și 30 noiembrie 2024. Pentru înscriere de articole la concurs (nominalizări), condiții de eligibilitate, punctare și alte detalii, vă rugăm să accesați \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Concurs_de_scriere\" title=\"Wikipedia:Concurs de scriere\"\u003Epagina\u0026#160;concursului\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"clear: both;\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Cuprins" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Fondare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fondare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Fondare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fondare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britannica_1911_în_secolul_al_XXI-lea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britannica_1911_în_secolul_al_XXI-lea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Britannica 1911 în secolul al XXI-lea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britannica_1911_în_secolul_al_XXI-lea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Encyclopædia Britannica 1911</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 28 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="موسوعة بريتانيكا الحادية عشرة – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="موسوعة بريتانيكا الحادية عشرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_(edici%C3%B3n_de_1911)" title="Encyclopædia Britannica (edición de 1911) – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Encyclopædia Britannica (edición de 1911)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(11-%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5)" title="Енциклопедия Британика (11-о издание) – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Енциклопедия Британика (11-о издание)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3" title="এনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া ব্রিটানিকা একাদশ সংস্করণ – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া ব্রিটানিকা একাদশ সংস্করণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_(11._izdanje)" title="Encyclopædia Britannica (11. izdanje) – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Encyclopædia Britannica (11. izdanje)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_(edici%C3%B3_de_1911)" title="Encyclopædia Britannica (edició de 1911) – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Encyclopædia Britannica (edició de 1911)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_(11%C2%AA_edici%C3%B3n)" title="Encyclopædia Britannica (11ª edición) – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Encyclopædia Britannica (11ª edición)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4_%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%85_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="ویرایش یازدهم دانشنامه بریتانیکا – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویرایش یازدهم دانشنامه بریتانیکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_1911" title="Encyclopædia Britannica 1911 – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Encyclopædia Britannica 1911" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%97%D7%AA-%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="המהדורה האחת-עשרה של אנציקלופדיה בריטניקה – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המהדורה האחת-עשרה של אנציקלופדיה בריטניקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%AA%E3%82%BF%E3%83%8B%E3%82%AB%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E4%BA%8B%E5%85%B8%E7%AC%AC11%E7%89%88" title="ブリタニカ百科事典第11版 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブリタニカ百科事典第11版" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B8%8C%EB%A6%AC%ED%83%9C%EB%8B%88%EC%BB%A4_%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%84_%EC%A0%9C11%ED%8C%90" title="브리태니커 백과사전 제11판 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="브리태니커 백과사전 제11판" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedia_Britannica_Edisi_Ke-11" title="Ensiklopedia Britannica Edisi Ke-11 – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ensiklopedia Britannica Edisi Ke-11" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_(edi%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_1911)" title="Encyclopædia Britannica (edição de 1911) – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Encyclopædia Britannica (edição de 1911)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_(11-%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5)" title="Британская энциклопедия (11-е издание) – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Британская энциклопедия (11-е издание)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="1911 Encyclopædia Britannica – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1911 Encyclopædia Britannica" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="பிரித்தானிக்கா கலைக்களஞ்சியம் பதினோராம் பதிப்பு – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரித்தானிக்கா கலைக்களஞ்சியம் பதினோராம் பதிப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica%27n%C4%B1n_on_birinci_bask%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Encyclopædia Britannica&#039;nın on birinci baskısı – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Encyclopædia Britannica&#039;nın on birinci baskısı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F_(11-%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F)" title="Британська енциклопедія (11-те видання) – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Британська енциклопедія (11-те видання)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E7%89%88" title="大英百科全書第十一版 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="大英百科全書第十一版" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q867541#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_1911" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie:Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_1911&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discuții despre această pagină — pagină inexistentă [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discuție</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">română</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vizualizări"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_1911"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_1911&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_1911&amp;action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_1911&amp;action=history" title="Versiunile anterioare ale paginii și autorii lor. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Unelte</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acțiuni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_1911"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_1911&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_1911&amp;action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_1911&amp;action=history"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Ce_se_leag%C4%83_aici/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_1911" title="Lista tuturor paginilor wiki care conduc spre această pagină [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ce trimite aici</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Modific%C4%83ri_corelate/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_1911" rel="nofollow" title="Schimbări recente în legătură cu această pagină [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Schimbări corelate</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Trimite_fi%C8%99ier" title="Încărcare fișiere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Trimite fișier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Pagini_speciale" title="Lista tuturor paginilor speciale [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagini speciale</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_1911&amp;oldid=16080349" title="Legătură permanentă către această versiune a acestei pagini"><span>Legătură permanentă</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_1911&amp;action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această pagină"><span>Informații despre pagină</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citeaz%C4%83&amp;page=Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_1911&amp;id=16080349&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini"><span>Citează acest articol</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEncyclop%25C3%25A6dia_Britannica_1911"><span>Obține URL scurtat</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEncyclop%25C3%25A6dia_Britannica_1911"><span>Descărcați codul QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tipărire/exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+1911"><span>Creare carte</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_1911&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Descărcare ca PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_1911&amp;printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiune de tipărit</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q867541" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Encyclopaedia_Britannica_1911.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Encyclopaedia_Britannica_1911.svg/330px-Encyclopaedia_Britannica_1911.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Encyclopaedia_Britannica_1911.svg/495px-Encyclopaedia_Britannica_1911.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Encyclopaedia_Britannica_1911.svg/660px-Encyclopaedia_Britannica_1911.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="507" /></a><figcaption>Prima pagină a <b>Encyclopædia Britannica</b>, ediţia a 11-a</figcaption></figure> <p>Cea de-a <b>11-a ediție a <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></b> (<a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910</a> – <a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a>) este cea mai faimoasă ediție a <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Câteva dintre articolele acesteia au fost scrise de renumiți savanți ai vremii. Articolele sunt încă valoroase și prezintă interes pentru savanții moderni, ca artifact cultural al <a href="/wiki/Secolul_al_XIX-lea" title="Secolul al XIX-lea">secolului al XIX-lea</a>, de altfel ele conțin un număr de probleme pentru studentul modern și nu trebuie folosite ca sursă primară unică. Ediția din 1911 nu mai este restricționată de <a href="/wiki/Copyright" class="mw-redirect" title="Copyright">copyright</a> și este disponibilă <a href="/wiki/Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Online">online</a>, părți din ea fiind incluse cu grijă în alte enciclopedii și lucrări online. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fondare">Fondare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_1911&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Fondare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_1911&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Fondare"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A fost modificată de către <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Chisholm&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugh Chisholm — pagină inexistentă">Hugh Chisholm</a>. O parte din articole au fost scrise de către cei mai cunoscuti învățați ai vremii, precum <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Gosse" title="Edmund Gosse">Edmund Gosse</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=J.B._Bury&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="J.B. Bury — pagină inexistentă">J.B. Bury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Algernon_Charles_Swinburne" title="Algernon Charles Swinburne">Algernon Charles Swinburne</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Muir&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Muir — pagină inexistentă">John Muir</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Kropotkin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Kropotkin — pagină inexistentă">Prince Peter Kropotkin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=T.H._Huxley&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="T.H. Huxley — pagină inexistentă">T.H. Huxley</a> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Michael_Rossetti&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Michael Rossetti — pagină inexistentă">William Michael Rossetti</a> precum și de cütre alți autori foarte cunoscuți la acea vreme. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Britannica_1911_în_secolul_al_XXI-lea"><span id="Britannica_1911_.C3.AEn_secolul_al_XXI-lea"></span>Britannica 1911 în <a href="/wiki/Secolul_al_XXI-lea" title="Secolul al XXI-lea">secolul al XXI-lea</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_1911&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Britannica 1911 în secolul al XXI-lea" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_1911&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Britannica 1911 în secolul al XXI-lea"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ediția din 1911 a Enciclopediei britanice nu mai este restricționată de drepturile de autor și este disponibilă în multe forme moderne. Deși la vremea ei reprezenta o sursa sigură de informație pentru cititorii moderni, câteva articole au devenit neinteresante datorită unor motive care includ <a href="/wiki/Na%C8%9Bionalism" title="Naționalism">naționalismul</a> sistematizat, polemica autorilor, <a href="/wiki/Istoria_religiilor" title="Istoria religiilor">istoria religioasă</a> (viețile sfinților), inexactitatea istorică. Articolele referitoare la subiecte sensibile care ar putea, de exemplu, să aducă prejudicii naționalismului britanic cum ar fi <a href="/wiki/Primul_Imperiu_Francez" title="Primul Imperiu Francez">Primul Imperiu Francez</a> sunt cosiderate în zilele noastre de mare influență. Unele articole sunt polemice, cum ar fi descrierea evenimentului “Baia de sânge” de la <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a> unde autorul este părtinitor cu una din tabere în detrimentul celeilalte. Articolele referitoare la nobili sunt adeseori hagiografii cum ar fi cazul lui Umberto I al <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italiei</a> care este o propagandă facută în favoarea unui rege perceput de majoritatea populației ca fiind un tiran urât de popor. Multe articole sunt pur și simplu neactuale, cum ar fi cele referitoare la <a href="/wiki/%C8%98tiin%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Știință">știință</a> și <a href="/wiki/Mecanic%C4%83" title="Mecanică">mecanică</a> sau cele referitoare la așezări geografice, de exemplu menționarea rețelelor de cale ferată si feriboturi în orașe în care aceste mijloace de transport nu mai sunt utilizate. </p><p>Datorită faptului că ediția din 1911 a Enciclopediei britanice este de domeniu public, a devenit o sursă comună de informație. Oricum Enciclopedia britanică din 1911 nu trebuie utilizată ca sursă primară de informație, referința directă trebuie facută doar de un expert în domeniu sau de către o persoană care verifică sursa de informație înainte de publicare, pentru a se asigura că materialul respectă standardele moderne și cercetările actuale. Chiar și în <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a> ediția din <a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a> își arăta „vârsta”; Amos Urban Shirk care a citit atât ediția a 11-a cât și cea de-a 14-a ediție în 1930, afirma că în a 14-a ediție se poate vedea o mare îmbunătățire față de ediția a 11-a, marea majoritate a materialelor fiind rescrise complet. </p><p>Enciclopedia Britanică din 1911 a fost utilizată în multe proiecte moderne cum ar fi Wikipedia și Enciclopedia Gutenberg. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Secțiune</th> <th><i>De la</i></th> <th></th> <th><i>La</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Volumul 1: &#160;</td> <td><i>A</i> </td> <td>&#160; &#8211; &#160;</td> <td><i>Androphagi</i> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/200">[1]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Volumul 2.1.1: &#160;</td> <td><i>Andros, Sir Edmund</i> </td> <td>&#160; &#8211; &#160;</td> <td><i>Anise</i> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/13600">[2]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"><i>The following sections are still being processed at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Distributed_Proofreaders&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Distributed Proofreaders — pagină inexistentă">PGDP</a>. Access to the web pages requires (free) registration</i>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Volumul 2.1.2+: &#160;</td> <td><i>Anjar</i> </td> <td>&#160; &#8211; &#160;</td> <td><i>Argentina</i> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.pgdp.net/c/tools/project_manager/page_detail.php?project=projectID3e2c423e410a4&amp;show_image_size=0">[3]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Volumul 2.2: &#160;</td> <td><i>Argentina</i> </td> <td>&#160; &#8211; &#160;</td> <td><i>Austria</i> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.pgdp.net/c/tools/project_manager/page_detail.php?project=projectID3e2c423e410a4&amp;show_image_size=0">[4]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Volumul 3.1: &#160;</td> <td><i>Austria, Lower</i> </td> <td>&#160; &#8211; &#160;</td> <td><i>Bassoon</i> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.pgdp.net/c/tools/project_manager/page_detail.php?project=projectID3e6767129e1e6&amp;show_image_size=0">[5]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Volumul 3.2: &#160;</td> <td><i>Bassoon</i> </td> <td>&#160; &#8211; &#160;</td> <td><i>Bisectrix</i> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.pgdp.net/c/tools/project_manager/page_detail.php?project=projectID3e6767f06fbb8&amp;show_image_size=0">[6]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Volumul 4.1: &#160;</td> <td><i>Bishârîn</i> </td> <td>&#160; &#8211; &#160;</td> <td><i>Borgia, Lucrezia</i> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.pgdp.net/c/tools/project_manager/page_detail.php?project=projectID3eec8bccd1240&amp;show_image_size=0">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Volumul 4.2: &#160;</td> <td><i>Bordeaux</i> </td> <td>&#160; &#8211; &#160;</td> <td><i>Bréquigny</i> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.pgdp.net/c/tools/project_manager/page_detail.php?project=projectID3eec8fa14388b&amp;show_image_size=0">[8]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Volumul 4.3: &#160;</td> <td><i>Bréquigny</i> </td> <td>&#160; &#8211; &#160;</td> <td><i>Bulgaria</i> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.pgdp.net/c/tools/project_manager/page_detail.php?project=projectID3eec90471eea6&amp;show_image_size=0">[9]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Volumul 4.4: &#160;</td> <td><i>Bulgaria</i> </td> <td>&#160; &#8211; &#160;</td> <td><i>Calgary</i> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.pgdp.net/c/tools/project_manager/page_detail.php?project=projectID3eec90af019dc&amp;show_image_size=0">[10]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Volumul 5.1: &#160;</td> <td><i>Calhoun, John Caldwell</i> </td> <td>&#160; &#8211; &#160;</td> <td><i>Cape Colony</i> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.pgdp.net/c/tools/project_manager/page_detail.php?project=projectID40429ee40ecea&amp;show_image_size=0">[11]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Volumul 5.2: &#160;</td> <td><i>Cape Colony</i> </td> <td>&#160; &#8211; &#160;</td> <td><i>Cat</i> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.pgdp.net/c/tools/project_manager/page_detail.php?project=projectID40bec7e59081f&amp;show_image_size=0">[12]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Volumul 5.3: &#160;</td> <td><i>Cat</i> </td> <td>&#160; &#8211; &#160;</td> <td><i>Ceramic</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Volumul 5.4: &#160;</td> <td><i>Caucusus</i> </td> <td>&#160; &#8211; &#160;</td> <td><i>Chatelaine</i> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.pgdp.net/c/tools/project_manager/page_detail.php?project=projectID414d930d55451&amp;show_image_size=0">[13]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Volumul 6.1: &#160;</td> <td><i>Chàtelet</i> </td> <td>&#160; &#8211; &#160;</td> <td><i>Chicago</i> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.pgdp.net/c/tools/project_manager/page_detail.php?project=projectID41ab77ff80ca8&amp;show_image_size=0">[14]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Volumul 6.2: &#160;</td> <td><i>Chicago</i> </td> <td>&#160; &#8211; &#160;</td> <td><i>Chiton</i> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.pgdp.net/c/tools/project_manager/page_detail.php?project=projectID41b7e845b495c&amp;show_image_size=0">[15]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Volumul 6.3: &#160;</td> <td><i>Chiton</i> </td> <td>&#160; &#8211; &#160;</td> <td><i>Cincinnati</i> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.pgdp.net/c/tools/project_manager/page_detail.php?project=projectID41d7ad87f3a87&amp;show_image_size=0">[16]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Volumul 6.4: &#160;</td> <td><i>Cincinnatus</i> </td> <td>&#160; &#8211; &#160;</td> <td><i>Cleruchy</i> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.pgdp.net/c/tools/project_manager/page_detail.php?project=projectID4251ee8cca489&amp;show_image_size=0">[17]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Volumul 6.5: &#160;</td> <td><i>Clervaux</i> </td> <td>&#160; &#8211; &#160;</td> <td><i>Cockade</i> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.pgdp.net/c/tools/project_manager/page_detail.php?project=projectID427c3c37eed59&amp;show_image_size=0">[18]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Volumul 6.6: &#160;</td> <td><i>Cockaigne</i> </td> <td>&#160; &#8211; &#160;</td> <td><i>Columbus, Christopher</i> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.pgdp.net/c/tools/project_manager/page_detail.php?project=projectID428e11b2daf5b&amp;show_image_size=0">[19]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Volumul 6.7: &#160;</td> <td><i>Columbus, Christopher</i> </td> <td>&#160; &#8211; &#160;</td> <td><i>Condottiere</i> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.pgdp.net/c/tools/project_manager/page_detail.php?project=projectID42e1f5e2a4e33&amp;show_image_size=0">[20]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_1911&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_1911&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite>Dintre toate cărțile de referință, există una deosebită, un star, o lucrare care reține lustrul ei prăfuit și o orchestră feroce de aderenți regali, după aproape un secol de la publicarea acesteia.</cite> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joslinhall.com/britannica.htm">Magia enciclopediei Britannica, ediția a 11-a</a> (Accesată în <a href="/wiki/7_februarie" title="7 februarie">7 februarie</a>, <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>)</span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><i>All There is to Know</i> (<a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>), edited by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Coleman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Coleman — pagină inexistentă">Alexander Coleman</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Simmons&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Simmons — pagină inexistentă">Charles Simmons</a>. Subtitled: "Readings from the Illustrious Eleventh Edition of the <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>". <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/067176747X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-671-76747-X</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gillian_Thomas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gillian Thomas — pagină inexistentă">Gillian Thomas</a> (<a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>). <i>A Position to Command Respect: Women and the Eleventh Britannica</i> New Jersey: The Scarecrow Press, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0810825678" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0810825678</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_1911&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_1911&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9f9); color:var(--color-base, #000); width: 250px; padding: 2px; spacing: 2px; text-align: center; float: right;"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikisursă"><img alt="Wikisursă" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/45px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/60px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption>Wikisursă</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 35px; line-height:normal;">La <a href="/wiki/Wikisurs%C4%83" title="Wikisursă">Wikisursă</a> există texte originale legate de <b><a href="https://ro.wikisource.org/wiki/en:1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" class="extiw" title="s:en:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica 1911</a></b></div> </div> <p>Resurse libere: </p> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/User:Tim_Starling">Full-page scans</a> in both <a href="/wiki/Png" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Png">png</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiff&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiff — pagină inexistentă">tiff</a> format, at Tim Starling's Wikisource page.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/200">Project Gutenberg Volume I</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/13600">The Project Gutenberg Volume II</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/1911wikipedia">A proposed 1911 Encyclopedia in Wiki format</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/WikiProject:1911_Encyclopedia" class="extiw" title="wikisource:WikiProject:1911 Encyclopedia">Wikisource Project for 1911 Wikipedia</a></li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c654d589‐w7w59 Cached time: 20241108120402 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.040 seconds Real time usage: 0.160 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 72/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 657/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 124/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 5/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 731/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 17.918 1 Format:Wikisource 100.00% 17.918 1 -total --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key rowiki:pcache:idhash:63970-0!canonical and timestamp 20241108120402 and revision id 16080349. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&amp;useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Adus de la <a dir="ltr" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Encyclopædia_Britannica_1911&amp;oldid=16080349">https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Encyclopædia_Britannica_1911&amp;oldid=16080349</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categorii" title="Special:Categorii">Categorii</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:1911_Britannica" title="Categorie:1911 Britannica">1911 Britannica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:C%C4%83r%C8%9Bi_din_1911" title="Categorie:Cărți din 1911">Cărți din 1911</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Enciclopedii_britanice" title="Categorie:Enciclopedii britanice">Enciclopedii britanice</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Enciclopedii_din_domeniul_public" title="Categorie:Enciclopedii din domeniul public">Enciclopedii din domeniul public</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Enciclopedii_%C3%AEn_limba_englez%C4%83" title="Categorie:Enciclopedii în limba engleză">Enciclopedii în limba engleză</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorie ascunsă: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Pagini_ce_folosesc_leg%C4%83turi_automate_c%C4%83tre_ISBN" title="Categorie:Pagini ce folosesc legături automate către ISBN">Pagini ce folosesc legături automate către ISBN</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ultima editare a paginii a fost efectuată la 2 februarie 2024, ora 16:30.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Acest text este disponibil sub licența <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro">Creative Commons cu atribuire și distribuire în condiții identice</a>; pot exista și clauze suplimentare. Vedeți detalii la <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Termenii de utilizare</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Politica de confidențialitate</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Despre">Despre Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Termeni">Termeni</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Cod de conduită</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Dezvoltatori</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/ro.wikipedia.org">Statistici</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Declarație cookie</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//ro.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_1911&amp;mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Versiune mobilă</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-m6fsj","wgBackendResponseTime":159,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.040","walltime":"0.160","ppvisitednodes":{"value":72,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":657,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":124,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":5,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":731,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 17.918 1 Format:Wikisource","100.00% 17.918 1 -total"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-58c654d589-w7w59","timestamp":"20241108120402","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica 1911","url":"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_1911","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q867541","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q867541","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-02-20T18:28:07Z","dateModified":"2024-02-02T14:30:48Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/02\/Encyclopaedia_Britannica_1911.svg"}</script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10