CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Manipur - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"59dabf12-e132-4d4d-bad6-78f1351f2992","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Manipur","wgTitle":"Manipur","wgCurRevisionId":1258149704,"wgRevisionId":1258149704,"wgArticleId":422642,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments","Webarchive template wayback links","Harv and Sfn no-target errors","Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from May 2024","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism","Use Indian English from June 2016","All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English","Use dmy dates from January 2021","Short description is different from Wikidata" ,"Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","Articles containing Meitei-language text","Coordinates on Wikidata","Articles containing Sanskrit-language text","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from December 2023","All pages needing factual verification","Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from December 2023","Articles with unsourced statements from October 2015","Articles with unsourced statements from November 2023","Articles with unsourced statements from March 2023","Articles to be expanded from January 2015","All articles to be expanded","Articles with unsourced statements from January 2015","Articles with unsourced statements from August 2015","Articles with unsourced statements from June 2014","Articles with excerpts","CS1 Burmese-language sources (my)","Commons category link from Wikidata","Manipur","States and union territories of India","Northeast India","States and territories established in 1972", "Tourism in Northeast India"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Manipur","wgRelevantArticleId":422642,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["autoconfirmed"],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Manipur,_India","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Manipur","wgCoordinates":{"lat":24.81,"lon":93.94},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true ,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1193","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init" :"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.gallery","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Imphal%2C_Manipur_%2862%29.jpeg/1200px-Imphal%2C_Manipur_%2862%29.jpeg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Imphal%2C_Manipur_%2862%29.jpeg/800px-Imphal%2C_Manipur_%2862%29.jpeg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Imphal%2C_Manipur_%2862%29.jpeg/640px-Imphal%2C_Manipur_%2862%29.jpeg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Manipur - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Manipur rootpage-Manipur skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Manipur" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Manipur" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Manipur" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Manipur" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Name</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antiquity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiquity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Antiquity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiquity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Kingdom_of_Mongkawng_and_Mongmao" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Kingdom_of_Mongkawng_and_Mongmao"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>The Kingdom of Mongkawng and Mongmao</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Kingdom_of_Mongkawng_and_Mongmao-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medieval" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Medieval</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vassal_State_of_the_Toungoo_empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vassal_State_of_the_Toungoo_empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Vassal State of the Toungoo empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vassal_State_of_the_Toungoo_empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vassal_state_of_Konbaung_dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vassal_state_of_Konbaung_dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Vassal state of Konbaung dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vassal_state_of_Konbaung_dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_colonial_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_colonial_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>British colonial period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_colonial_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-colonial_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-colonial_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Post-colonial history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-colonial_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-"Disturbed_area"_designation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Disturbed_area"_designation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>"Disturbed area" designation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Disturbed_area"_designation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2023_ethnic_violence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2023_ethnic_violence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>2023 ethnic violence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2023_ethnic_violence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Flora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Flora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>People</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Linguistic_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linguistic_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>Linguistic events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linguistic_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Religion-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Religion subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hinduism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hinduism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Hinduism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hinduism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Christianity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sanamahism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sanamahism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Sanamahism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sanamahism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Other religions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Civil_unrest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_unrest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Civil unrest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_unrest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Social_movements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_movements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>Social movements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_movements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Security_and_insurgency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security_and_insurgency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.2</span> <span>Security and insurgency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Security_and_insurgency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Electricity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electricity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Electricity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electricity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Agriculture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation_infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation_infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Transportation infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation_infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-UNESCO_list" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UNESCO_list"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4.1</span> <span>UNESCO list</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UNESCO_list-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imphal_(capital)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imphal_(capital)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4.2</span> <span>Imphal (capital)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imphal_(capital)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lakes_and_islands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lakes_and_islands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4.3</span> <span>Lakes and islands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lakes_and_islands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hills_and_valleys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hills_and_valleys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4.4</span> <span>Hills and valleys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hills_and_valleys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eco_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eco_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4.5</span> <span>Eco tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eco_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Waterfalls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waterfalls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4.6</span> <span>Waterfalls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waterfalls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Natural_caves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_caves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4.7</span> <span>Natural caves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_caves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roadways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roadways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Roadways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roadways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Art and culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Art_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Art and culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Art_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Manipur_dance_(Ras_Lila)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manipur_dance_(Ras_Lila)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Manipur dance (Ras Lila)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manipur_dance_(Ras_Lila)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chorus_Repertory_Theatre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chorus_Repertory_Theatre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Chorus Repertory Theatre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chorus_Repertory_Theatre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sports-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sports subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Polo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Polo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Festivals</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Festivals subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sangai_festival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sangai_festival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Sangai festival</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sangai_festival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ningol_Chakouba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ningol_Chakouba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Ningol Chakouba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ningol_Chakouba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.3</span> <span>Kut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yaosang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yaosang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.4</span> <span>Yaosang</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yaosang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Khuado_Pawi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Khuado_Pawi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.5</span> <span>Khuado Pawi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Khuado_Pawi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cheiraoba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cheiraoba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.6</span> <span>Cheiraoba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cheiraoba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Manipur</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 122 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-122" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">122 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%8A%92%E1%8D%91%E1%88%AD" title="መኒፑር – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መኒፑር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0" title="मणिपुर – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="मणिपुर" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1" title="مانيبور – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مانيبور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D6%83%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80" title="Մանիփուր – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մանիփուր" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A7%B0" title="মণিপুৰ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মণিপুৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0" title="मणिपुर – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="मणिपुर" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1" title="مانیپور – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مانیپور" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0" title="মণিপুর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মণিপুর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80" title="Маніпур – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Маніпур" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80" title="Маніпур – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Маніпур" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0" title="मणिपुर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मणिपुर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80" title="Манипур – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Манипур" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="མཱ་ནི་པུར། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མཱ་ནི་པུར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man%C3%ADpur" title="Manípur – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Manípur" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%A8%DE%95%DE%AB%DE%83%DE%AA" title="މަނިޕޫރު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މަނިޕޫރު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0" title="मणिपुर – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="मणिपुर" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81" title="Μανιπούρ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μανιπούρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipuro" title="Manipuro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Manipuro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1" title="مانیپور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مانیپور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%A3%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B0" title="મણિપુર – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મણિપુર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannipur" title="Mannipur – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Mannipur" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%8B%88%ED%91%B8%EB%A5%B4%EC%A3%BC" title="마니푸르주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마니푸르주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%BA%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80" title="Մանիպուր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մանիպուր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0" title="मणिपुर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मणिपुर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0" title="মণিপুর – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মণিপুর" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80" title="Манипур – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Манипур" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8" title="מניפור – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מניפור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0" title="ಮಣಿಪುರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಣಿಪುರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="მანიპური – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მანიპური" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1" title="منی پور – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="منی پور" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80" title="Манипур – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Манипур" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipura" title="Manipura – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Manipura" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipura" title="Manipura – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Manipura" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipuras" title="Manipuras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Manipuras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0" title="मणिपुर – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="मणिपुर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80" title="Манипур – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Манипур" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%82%E0%B5%BC" title="മണിപ്പൂർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മണിപ്പൂർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0" title="मणिपूर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मणिपूर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="მანიპური – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მანიპური" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1" title="مانیپور – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مانیپور" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%94" title="ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80" title="Манипур – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Манипур" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%8F%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="မဏိပူရပြည်နယ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မဏိပူရပြည်နယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0" title="मणिपुर – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मणिपुर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0" title="मणिपुर – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मणिपुर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8B%E3%83%97%E3%83%AB%E5%B7%9E" title="マニプル州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マニプル州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80" title="Манипур – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Манипур" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%A3%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B0" title="ମଣିପୁର – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମଣିପୁର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0" title="ਮਣੀਪੁਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਣੀਪੁਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1" title="منیپور – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="منیپور" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1" title="منيپور – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="منيپور" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80" title="Манипур – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Манипур" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="मणिपुरराज्यम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मणिपुरराज्यम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A8" title="ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man%C3%ADpur" title="Manípur – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Manípur" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80" title="Манипур – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Манипур" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="மணிப்பூர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மணிப்பூர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80" title="Манипур – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Манипур" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="మణిపూర్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మణిపూర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0" title="รัฐมณีปุระ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐมณีปุระ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80" title="Манипур – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Манипур" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0" title="ಮಣಿಪುರ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಮಣಿಪುರ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80" title="Маніпур – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Маніпур" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1" title="منی پور – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="منی پور" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%94%E9%82%A6" title="曼尼普尔邦 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="曼尼普尔邦" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E6%99%AE%E7%88%BE%E9%82%A6" title="曼尼普爾邦 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="曼尼普爾邦" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%94%E9%82%A6" title="曼尼普尔邦 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="曼尼普尔邦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Manipur" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1193#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Manipur" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Manipur"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manipur&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manipur&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Manipur"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manipur&action=edit"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manipur&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Manipur" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Manipur" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manipur&oldid=1258149704" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manipur&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Manipur&id=1258149704&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FManipur"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FManipur"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Manipur&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manipur&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Manipur" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Manipur" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Manipur" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1193" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Manipur&params=24.81_N_93.94_E_type:city(2855794)_region:IN"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">24°49′N</span> <span class="longitude">93°56′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">24.81°N 93.94°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">24.81; 93.94</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected due to vandalism"><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manipur,_India&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Manipur, India">Manipur, India</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State in northeastern India</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the modern day state of India. For the eponymous kingdom mentioned in the epic Mahabharata, see <a href="/wiki/Manipura_(Mahabharata)" title="Manipura (Mahabharata)">Manipura (Mahabharata)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Manipur_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Manipur (disambiguation)">Manipur (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Jewel of India" redirects here. For the highest civilian award of the Republic of India, see <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Ratna" title="Bharat Ratna">Bharat Ratna</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State in Northeast India, India</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Manipur</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:104px;max-width:104px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:136px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1_%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%A7_%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AA_(%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A1)%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A1_%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%9E_%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%AA%EA%AF%95_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9E%EA%AF%84_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1_%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%A7_%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AA_%28%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A1%29%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A1_%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%9E_%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%AA%EA%AF%95_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9E%EA%AF%84_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A4.jpg/102px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1_%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%A7_%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AA_%28%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A1%29%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A1_%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%9E_%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%AA%EA%AF%95_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9E%EA%AF%84_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A4.jpg/153px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1_%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%A7_%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AA_%28%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A1%29%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A1_%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%9E_%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%AA%EA%AF%95_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9E%EA%AF%84_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A4.jpg/204px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2992" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:184px;max-width:184px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:136px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Imphal,_Manipur_(62).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Imphal%2C_Manipur_%2862%29.jpeg/182px-Imphal%2C_Manipur_%2862%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="182" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Imphal%2C_Manipur_%2862%29.jpeg/273px-Imphal%2C_Manipur_%2862%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Imphal%2C_Manipur_%2862%29.jpeg/364px-Imphal%2C_Manipur_%2862%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marjing_Polo_Statue_%E2%80%94_World%27s_tallest_statue_of_a_polo_player_%E2%80%94_Classical_monumental_Meitei_equestrian_sculpture_%E2%80%94_G20_summit_%E2%80%94_Cultural_heritage_of_Meitei_civilization_%E2%80%94_Cradle_of_%22modern_polo%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Marjing_Polo_Statue_%E2%80%94_World%27s_tallest_statue_of_a_polo_player_%E2%80%94_Classical_monumental_Meitei_equestrian_sculpture_%E2%80%94_G20_summit_%E2%80%94_Cultural_heritage_of_Meitei_civilization_%E2%80%94_Cradle_of_%22modern_polo%22.jpg/142px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Marjing_Polo_Statue_%E2%80%94_World%27s_tallest_statue_of_a_polo_player_%E2%80%94_Classical_monumental_Meitei_equestrian_sculpture_%E2%80%94_G20_summit_%E2%80%94_Cultural_heritage_of_Meitei_civilization_%E2%80%94_Cradle_of_%22modern_polo%22.jpg/213px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Marjing_Polo_Statue_%E2%80%94_World%27s_tallest_statue_of_a_polo_player_%E2%80%94_Classical_monumental_Meitei_equestrian_sculpture_%E2%80%94_G20_summit_%E2%80%94_Cultural_heritage_of_Meitei_civilization_%E2%80%94_Cradle_of_%22modern_polo%22.jpg/284px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1615" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Uttra_Sanglen.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Uttra_Sanglen.JPG/142px-Uttra_Sanglen.JPG" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Uttra_Sanglen.JPG/213px-Uttra_Sanglen.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Uttra_Sanglen.JPG/284px-Uttra_Sanglen.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:155px;max-width:155px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rasa_Lila_in_Manipuri_dance_style.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Rasa_Lila_in_Manipuri_dance_style.jpg/153px-Rasa_Lila_in_Manipuri_dance_style.jpg" decoding="async" width="153" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Rasa_Lila_in_Manipuri_dance_style.jpg/230px-Rasa_Lila_in_Manipuri_dance_style.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Rasa_Lila_in_Manipuri_dance_style.jpg/306px-Rasa_Lila_in_Manipuri_dance_style.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2919" data-file-height="1665" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:133px;max-width:133px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Loktak_Lake_Boat_people_Moirang_Manipur_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Loktak_Lake_Boat_people_Moirang_Manipur_India.jpg/131px-Loktak_Lake_Boat_people_Moirang_Manipur_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Loktak_Lake_Boat_people_Moirang_Manipur_India.jpg/197px-Loktak_Lake_Boat_people_Moirang_Manipur_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Loktak_Lake_Boat_people_Moirang_Manipur_India.jpg/262px-Loktak_Lake_Boat_people_Moirang_Manipur_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:162px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Temple_of_God_Pakhangba_of_Sanamahi_religion_inside_the_Kangla_Fort,_Imphal_West,_Manipur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Temple_of_God_Pakhangba_of_Sanamahi_religion_inside_the_Kangla_Fort%2C_Imphal_West%2C_Manipur.jpg/288px-Temple_of_God_Pakhangba_of_Sanamahi_religion_inside_the_Kangla_Fort%2C_Imphal_West%2C_Manipur.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Temple_of_God_Pakhangba_of_Sanamahi_religion_inside_the_Kangla_Fort%2C_Imphal_West%2C_Manipur.jpg/432px-Temple_of_God_Pakhangba_of_Sanamahi_religion_inside_the_Kangla_Fort%2C_Imphal_West%2C_Manipur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Temple_of_God_Pakhangba_of_Sanamahi_religion_inside_the_Kangla_Fort%2C_Imphal_West%2C_Manipur.jpg/576px-Temple_of_God_Pakhangba_of_Sanamahi_religion_inside_the_Kangla_Fort%2C_Imphal_West%2C_Manipur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1836" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Clockwise from top: the <a href="/wiki/Sanamahi_Kiyong" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanamahi Kiyong">Sanamahi Kiyong</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Nongmaiching_Ching" class="mw-redirect" title="Nongmaiching Ching">Nongmaiching Ching</a> mountain, the <a href="/wiki/Ima_Keithel" class="mw-redirect" title="Ima Keithel">Ima Keithel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ima_Market" title="Ima Market">Ima Market</a>), the dual statues of the <a href="/wiki/Kangl%C4%81_sh%C4%81" title="Kanglā shā">Kanglā shā</a> dragons, the <a href="/wiki/Loktak_lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Loktak lake">Loktak lake</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pakhangba_Temple,_Kangla" title="Pakhangba Temple, Kangla">Temple of Pakhangba</a> inside the <a href="/wiki/Kangla_Fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Kangla Fort">Kangla Fort</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Manipuri_classical_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Manipuri classical dance">Manipuri classical dance</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Marjing_Polo_Statue" title="Marjing Polo Statue">Marjing Polo Statue</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Manipur_emblem.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Manipur"><img alt="Official emblem of Manipur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3e/Manipur_emblem.svg/125px-Manipur_emblem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3e/Manipur_emblem.svg/188px-Manipur_emblem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3e/Manipur_emblem.svg/250px-Manipur_emblem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="311" data-file-height="321" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Manipur" title="Emblem of Manipur">Emblem of Manipur</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_songs" title="List of Indian state songs">Anthem:</a> <span title="Meitei-language text"><i lang="mni"><a href="/wiki/Sana_Leibak_Manipur" title="Sana Leibak Manipur">Sanā leibāk Manipur</a></i></span><br />(<a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei</a> for 'Manipur, Land of Gold')<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IN-MN.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Manipur in India"><img alt="The map of India showing Manipur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/IN-MN.svg/300px-IN-MN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/IN-MN.svg/450px-IN-MN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/IN-MN.svg/600px-IN-MN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="583" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Manipur in India</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Manipur&params=24.81_N_93.94_E_type:city(2855794)_region:IN"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">24°49′N</span> <span class="longitude">93°56′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">24.81°N 93.94°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">24.81; 93.94</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Administrative divisions of India">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast India</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="height:0px"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Before was</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Manipur_(kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Manipur (kingdom)">Manipur State</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="cite-bracket" id="cite_ref-5"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Admission to union</th><td class="infobox-data">15 October 1949<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="cite-bracket" id="cite_ref-5"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">As union territory</th><td class="infobox-data">1 November 1956</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">As state</th><td class="infobox-data">21 January 1972</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">Capital</a><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_India_by_population" title="List of cities in India by population">and largest city</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Imphal" title="Imphal">Imphal</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_India" title="List of districts in India">Districts</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Manipur" title="List of districts of Manipur">16</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Manipur" title="Government of Manipur">Government of Manipur</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Manipur" title="List of governors of Manipur">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lakshaman_Acharya" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakshaman Acharya">Lakshaman Acharya</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Manipur" title="List of chief ministers of Manipur">Chief minister</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/N._Biren_Singh" title="N. Biren Singh">N. Biren Singh</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/State_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="State Legislature">State Legislature</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Unicameral</b></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_India" title="State legislative assemblies of India">Assembly</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Manipur_Legislative_Assembly" title="Manipur Legislative Assembly">Manipur Legislative Assembly</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manipur_Legislative_Assembly" title="Manipur Legislative Assembly">60 seats</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">National Parliament</th><td class="infobox-data"><b><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a></b></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_Rajya_Sabha#Manipur" title="List of current members of the Rajya Sabha">1 seat</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_18th_Lok_Sabha#Manipur" title="List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha">2 seats</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/High_courts_of_India" title="High courts of India">High Court</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Manipur_High_Court" title="Manipur High Court">Manipur High Court</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">22,327 km<sup>2</sup> (8,621 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_area" title="List of states and union territories of India by area">23rd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2011)<sup id="cite_ref-census2011Abstract_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011Abstract-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-census2011.co.in_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011.co.in-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,855,794</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_population" title="List of states and union territories of India by population">23rd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">130/km<sup>2</sup> (300/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">30.21%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rural<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">69.79%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Language<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Languages_with_official_status_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages with official status in India">Official</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Manipuri</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Official_scripts_of_the_Indian_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Official scripts of the Indian Republic">Official script</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei script</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2024–25)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">₹</a></span>0.527 lakh crore</span> (US$6.3 billion)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_GDP" title="List of Indian states and union territories by GDP">28th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">₹</a></span>91,559</span> (US$1,100) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_GDP_per_capita" title="List of Indian states and union territories by GDP per capita">27th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B05:30" title="UTC+05:30">UTC+05:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:IN" title="ISO 3166-2:IN">IN-MN</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Regional_Transport_Office_districts_in_India" title="List of Regional Transport Office districts in India">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">MN</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2018)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">0.696<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Indian states and union territories by Human Development Index">15th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Literacy" title="Literacy">Literacy</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2011)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">76.94% (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_literacy_rate" title="List of Indian states and union territories by literacy rate">18th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sex_ratio" title="Sex ratio">Sex ratio</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2011)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">985<a href="/wiki/Female" title="Female">♀</a>/1000 <a href="/wiki/Male" title="Male">♂</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://manipur.gov.in">manipur<wbr />.gov<wbr />.in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1141396924">.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-none{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-center{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-title{font-size:120%}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-subheader{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cddeff}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-island{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cef2e0}</style></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Symbols of Manipur</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Manipur_emblem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3e/Manipur_emblem.svg/80px-Manipur_emblem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3e/Manipur_emblem.svg/120px-Manipur_emblem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3e/Manipur_emblem.svg/160px-Manipur_emblem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="311" data-file-height="321" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Manipur" title="Emblem of Manipur">Emblem of Manipur</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="height:0px"></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_songs" title="List of Indian state songs">Song</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Meitei-language text"><i lang="mni"><a href="/wiki/Sana_Leibak_Manipur" title="Sana Leibak Manipur">Sanā leibāk Manipur</a></i></span><br />(<a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei</a> for 'Manipur, Land of Gold')<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_birds" title="List of Indian state birds">Bird</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syrmaticus_humiae.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Syrmaticus_humiae.jpg/50px-Syrmaticus_humiae.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Syrmaticus_humiae.jpg/75px-Syrmaticus_humiae.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Syrmaticus_humiae.jpg/100px-Syrmaticus_humiae.jpg 2x" data-file-width="719" data-file-height="491" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <span title="Meitei-language text"><span lang="mni" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Nongin" class="mw-redirect" title="Nongin">Nongin</a></span></span><br />(<a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei</a> for '<i><a href="/wiki/Syrmaticus_humiae" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrmaticus humiae">Syrmaticus humiae</a></i><span style="margin-left:.09em">'</span>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fish</th><td class="infobox-data"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rohtee_belangeri_Achilles_147.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Rohtee_belangeri_Achilles_147.jpg/50px-Rohtee_belangeri_Achilles_147.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Rohtee_belangeri_Achilles_147.jpg/75px-Rohtee_belangeri_Achilles_147.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Rohtee_belangeri_Achilles_147.jpg/100px-Rohtee_belangeri_Achilles_147.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1730" data-file-height="928" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <span title="Meitei-language text"><span lang="mni" style="font-style: normal;">Pengba</span></span><br />(<a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei</a> for '<i><a href="/wiki/Osteobrama_belangeri" title="Osteobrama belangeri">Osteobrama belangeri</a></i><span style="margin-left:.09em">'</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_flowers" title="List of Indian state flowers">Flower</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lilium_mackliniae.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Lilium_mackliniae.jpg/50px-Lilium_mackliniae.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Lilium_mackliniae.jpg/75px-Lilium_mackliniae.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Lilium_mackliniae.jpg/100px-Lilium_mackliniae.jpg 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Shirui_lily" class="mw-redirect" title="Shirui lily">Shirui lily</a> (<i>Lilium mackliniae</i>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_animals" title="List of Indian state animals">Mammal</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cervus_eldii4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Cervus_eldii4.jpg/50px-Cervus_eldii4.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Cervus_eldii4.jpg/75px-Cervus_eldii4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Cervus_eldii4.jpg/100px-Cervus_eldii4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="1512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <span title="Meitei-language text"><span lang="mni" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sangai" title="Sangai">Sangai</a></span></span><br />(<a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei</a> for '<i><a href="/wiki/Cervus_eldi_eldi" class="mw-redirect" title="Cervus eldi eldi">Cervus eldi eldi</a></i><span style="margin-left:.09em">'</span>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_trees" title="List of Indian state trees">Tree</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoebe_hainesiana_north_Bengal_AJTJ.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Phoebe_hainesiana_north_Bengal_AJTJ.JPG/50px-Phoebe_hainesiana_north_Bengal_AJTJ.JPG" decoding="async" width="50" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Phoebe_hainesiana_north_Bengal_AJTJ.JPG/75px-Phoebe_hainesiana_north_Bengal_AJTJ.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Phoebe_hainesiana_north_Bengal_AJTJ.JPG/100px-Phoebe_hainesiana_north_Bengal_AJTJ.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <span title="Meitei-language text"><span lang="mni" style="font-style: normal;">Uningthou</span></span><br />(<a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei</a> for '<i><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_hainesiana" title="Phoebe hainesiana">Phoebe hainesiana</a></i><span style="margin-left:.09em">'</span>)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_symbols" title="List of Indian state symbols">List of Indian state symbols</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Meetei Mayek" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Meetei_Mayek_letter_I.svg/34px-Meetei_Mayek_letter_I.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Meetei_Mayek_letter_I.svg/50px-Meetei_Mayek_letter_I.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Meetei_Mayek_letter_I.svg/67px-Meetei_Mayek_letter_I.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="581" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">the Meitei alphabet</a>.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Meitei_script_display_help" title="Wikipedia:Meitei script display help">rendering support</a>, you may see errors in display.</div></div> </div> <p><b>Manipur</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ʊər/: 'our' in 'tour'">ʊər</span></span>/</a></span></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a> also </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ʊər/: 'our' in 'tour'">ʊər</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei</a>: <i lang="mni"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r971457066">.mw-parser-output .script-latin{font-family:"Palemonas MUFI","EB Garamond","EB Garamond 12","Garamond Libre","Cormorant Garamond",Cormorant,Cardo,"ETBookOT","ETBembo","Junicode New","Junicode","Andron Freefont LAT","PFEFFER MEDIÆVAL","Open Baskerville","Adobe Garamond Pro","Adobe Caslon Pro","Baskerville Ten","Garamond",serif}</style><span class="script-latin" lang="und-Latn">Kangleipak</span></i><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sanajaoba_pa89_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanajaoba_pa89-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Yamahata_pa242_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yamahata_pa242-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sahoo_pa121_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sahoo_pa121-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a <a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="States and territories of India">state</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">northeast India</a>, with the city of <a href="/wiki/Imphal" title="Imphal">Imphal</a> as its capital.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is bounded by the Indian states of <a href="/wiki/Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Mizoram" title="Mizoram">Mizoram</a> to the south and <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a> to the west. It also borders two regions of <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sagaing_Region" title="Sagaing Region">Sagaing Region</a> to the east and <a href="/wiki/Chin_State" title="Chin State">Chin State</a> to the south. The state covers an area of 22,327 km<sup>2</sup> (8,621 sq mi). The official and most widely spoken language is the <a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei language</a> (officially known as Manipuri). Native to the <a href="/wiki/Meitei_people" title="Meitei people">Meitei people</a>, it is also used as a <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> by smaller communities, who speak a variety of other <a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burman languages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Manipur has been at the crossroads of Asian economic and cultural exchange for more than 2,500 years.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This exchange connects the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> to <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>, regions in the <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a> enabling migration of people, cultures and religions.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the days of the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>, Manipur was one of the <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">princely states</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 11 August 1947, Maharaja <a href="/wiki/Bodhchandra_Singh" title="Bodhchandra Singh">Bodhachandra Singh</a> signed an <a href="/wiki/Instrument_of_Accession" title="Instrument of Accession">Instrument of Accession</a>, argued by many that the king was in no legal position to sign the instrument of accession at the time,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> under the agreement <a href="/wiki/Bodhchandra_Singh" title="Bodhchandra Singh">Bodhachandra Singh</a> accede to the <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">Indian Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, on 21 September 1949, he signed a Merger Agreement, disputed as having been done without consultation of the popular ministry under <a href="/wiki/Manipur_State_Constitution_Act_1947" title="Manipur State Constitution Act 1947">Manipur State Constitution Act 1947</a> and denial of the king's request to return to Manipur to discuss the same with his people.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under 'duress' and 'coercion' <a href="/wiki/Bodhchandra_Singh" title="Bodhchandra Singh">Bodhachandra Singh</a> signed the merger agreement merging the kingdom into India, which led to its becoming a <a href="/wiki/Part_C_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Part C State">Part C State</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Followed by contestation of the merger by groups in Manipur, resulting in a 50-year insurgency in the state for independence from India.<sup id="cite_ref-hrwm_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hrwm-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 2009 through 2018, the conflict was responsible for the violent deaths of over 1000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-satp9413_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-satp9413-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Meitei_people" title="Meitei people">Meitei people</a><sup id="cite_ref-Khomdan_Singh_Lisam_pp_322_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khomdan_Singh_Lisam_pp_322-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> represent around 53% of the population of Manipur state, followed by various <a href="/wiki/Naga_people" title="Naga people">Naga</a> tribes at 20% and <a href="/wiki/Kuki-Zo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuki-Zo people">Kuki-Zo</a> tribes at 16%.<sup id="cite_ref-censusindia.gov.in_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-censusindia.gov.in-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Manipur's ethnic groups practice a variety of religions.<sup id="cite_ref-census2011_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to 2011 census, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> are the major religions of the state.<sup id="cite_ref-census2011_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hueiyenlanpao.com_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hueiyenlanpao.com-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between the 1961 and 2011 censuses of India, the share of Hindus in the state declined from 62% to 41%, while the share of Christians rose from 19% to 41%.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Manipur has primarily an agrarian economy, with significant hydroelectric power generation potential. It is connected to other areas by daily flights through <a href="/wiki/Imphal_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Imphal Airport">Imphal Airport</a>, the second largest in northeastern India.<sup id="cite_ref-manipuraai_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manipuraai-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Manipur is home to many sports and the origin of <a href="/wiki/Manipuri_dance" title="Manipuri dance">Manipuri dance</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey2004177–184_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey2004177–184-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is credited with introducing <a href="/wiki/Polo" title="Polo">polo</a> to Europeans.<sup id="cite_ref-nam.ac.uk_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nam.ac.uk-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2></div> <p>The name Manipur (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">मणिपुर</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Sanskrit" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Sanskrit">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">maṇipura</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>''city of jewels'') was chosen by <a href="/wiki/Gharib_Nawaz_(Manipur)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gharib Nawaz (Manipur)">Gharib Nawaz</a>, a convert to Hinduism, in the eighteenth century. It is named after <a href="/wiki/Manipura_(Mahabharata)" title="Manipura (Mahabharata)">a kingdom of the same name</a> mentioned in the Hindu epic Mahabharata. Previously, it had been known as Kangleipak (<a href="/wiki/Manipuri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Manipuri language">Meitei</a>: <span title="Meitei-language text"><span lang="mni"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250982399">.mw-parser-output .script-Mtei,.mw-parser-output .script-mtei,.mw-parser-output .script-meetei_mayek,.mw-parser-output .script-meithei{font-family:"Noto Sans Meetei Mayek","Eeyek","Eeyek Unicode","Nirmala UI"}</style><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯄꯛ</span></span></span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Meitei-language romanization"><i lang="mni-Latn">Kangleipak</i></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-Sanajaoba_pa89_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanajaoba_pa89-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Manipuri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Manipuri language">Meitei</a>: <span title="Meitei-language text"><span lang="mni"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1250982399"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯃꯩꯇꯩꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ</span></span></span>, <span title="Meitei-language romanization"><i lang="mni-Latn">Meiteileipak</i></span>, <small>transl: </small> land of the Meiteis,<sup id="cite_ref-Sanajaoba1988_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanajaoba1988-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, the work <i>Dharani Samhita</i> (1825–34) popularised the <a href="/wiki/Sanskritisation" title="Sanskritisation">Sanskrit legends</a> of the origin of Manipur's name.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other names include Sanaleibak (<a href="/wiki/Manipuri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Manipuri language">Meitei</a>: <span title="Meitei-language text"><span lang="mni"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1250982399"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯁꯅꯥꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ</span></span></span>, <small>transl: </small> the land of gold, golden land), not given because Manipur has a lot of the gold mines, but because of its happiness and prosperity.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This name was mentioned in the 11th-12th century constitution, the <a href="/wiki/Loiyumba_Shinyen" class="mw-redirect" title="Loiyumba Shinyen">Loiyumba Shinyen</a>.<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Sanajaoba1988"><a href="#endnote_Sanajaoba1988"">10</a></sup> and is still heard in the official song of Manipur, "<a href="/wiki/Sana_Leibak_Manipur" title="Sana Leibak Manipur">Sana Leibak Manipur</a>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Manipur" title="History of Manipur">History of Manipur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manipur_(princely_state)" title="Manipur (princely state)">Manipur (princely state)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antiquity">Antiquity</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kangleipak" title="Kangleipak">Kangleipak</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stamp_of_India_-_2014_-_Colnect_510569_-_Sagol_Kangjei.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Stamp_of_India_-_2014_-_Colnect_510569_-_Sagol_Kangjei.jpeg/300px-Stamp_of_India_-_2014_-_Colnect_510569_-_Sagol_Kangjei.jpeg" decoding="async" width="300" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Stamp_of_India_-_2014_-_Colnect_510569_-_Sagol_Kangjei.jpeg 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="245" /></a><figcaption>A match of <span title="Meitei-language text"><i lang="mni"><a href="/wiki/Sagol_Kangjei" class="mw-redirect" title="Sagol Kangjei">Sagol Kangjei</a></i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei</a> for '<a href="/wiki/Polo" title="Polo">Polo</a>') depicted in a stamp of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of India">Republic of India</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The history of Manipur Meiteis is chronicled in <a href="/wiki/Puya_(Meitei_texts)" title="Puya (Meitei texts)">Puyas</a> or Puwaris (stories about the forefathers), namely, the Ninghthou Kangbalon, Cheitharol Kumbaba, Ningthourol Lambuba, Poireiton Khunthokpa, Panthoibi Khongkul, and so forth in the <a href="/wiki/Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei script</a>, which is comparable to the <a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script">Thai script</a>. The historical accounts presented here were recordings from the eyes and the judgment of Meitei kings and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maichou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maichou (page does not exist)">Maichou</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maichou" class="extiw" title="simple:Maichou">simple</a>]</span> (Meitei scholars). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Kingdom_of_Mongkawng_and_Mongmao">The Kingdom of Mongkawng and Mongmao</h4></div> <p>According to the Tai chronicles, Manipur (Kahse) is one of the territories conquered by Samlongpha (1150–1201), the first <a href="/wiki/Chao_Pha" title="Chao Pha">Chao Pha</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mongkawng" title="Mongkawng">Mongkawng</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 14th-century inscription from <a href="/wiki/Bagan" title="Bagan">Pagan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>, mentions Kasan (Manipur) as one of the 21 states under the <a href="/wiki/Mong_Mao" class="mw-redirect" title="Mong Mao">Mong Mao</a> ruler Thonganbwa (1413–1445/6); he later was captured by the Governor of <a href="/wiki/Taungdwingyi" title="Taungdwingyi">Taungdwingyi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval">Medieval</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vassal_State_of_the_Toungoo_empire">Vassal State of the Toungoo empire</h4></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bayinnaung" title="Bayinnaung">Bayinnaung</a>, the ruler of <a href="/wiki/First_Toungoo_Empire" title="First Toungoo Empire">Toungoo dynasty</a> ordered the invasion of Manipur in 1559. He had recalled <a href="/wiki/Binnya_Dala_(minister-general)" title="Binnya Dala (minister-general)">Binnya Dala</a> from <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Mai" title="Chiang Mai">Chiang Mai</a> to lead the invasion. The three armies mostly made up of army from <a href="/wiki/Kalay" title="Kalay">Kale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongyang_State" title="Mongyang State">Mohnyin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongkawng" title="Mongkawng">Mogaung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongmit_State" title="Mongmit State">Momeik</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanda_(state)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanda (state) (page does not exist)">Sanda</a> led the invasion, the King of Manipur surrendered without any resistance and Manipur became a <a href="/wiki/Vassal_state" title="Vassal state">vassal state</a> of the <a href="/wiki/First_Toungoo_Empire" title="First Toungoo Empire">Toungoo empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vbl-154-155_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vbl-154-155-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Taungoo_Empire_(1580).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Map_of_Taungoo_Empire_%281580%29.png/220px-Map_of_Taungoo_Empire_%281580%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Map_of_Taungoo_Empire_%281580%29.png/330px-Map_of_Taungoo_Empire_%281580%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Map_of_Taungoo_Empire_%281580%29.png/440px-Map_of_Taungoo_Empire_%281580%29.png 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="1121" /></a><figcaption>Toungoo empire in 1580</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vassal_state_of_Konbaung_dynasty">Vassal state of Konbaung dynasty</h4></div> <p>In the 18th century, <a href="/wiki/Bodawpaya" title="Bodawpaya">Bodawpaya</a>, the king of Burma acquired the Manipur (1814) along with the western kingdoms of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mrauk_U" title="Kingdom of Mrauk U">Arakan</a> (1784), <a href="/wiki/Upper_Assam" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Assam">Assam</a> (1817). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Konbaung_dynasty_3.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Konbaung_dynasty_3.png/220px-Konbaung_dynasty_3.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Konbaung_dynasty_3.png 1.5x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="377" /></a><figcaption>Manipur under the <a href="/wiki/Konbaung_dynasty" title="Konbaung dynasty">Konbaung dynasty</a> in 1824</figcaption></figure> <p>By the medieval period, marriage alliances between the royal families of Manipur, <a href="/wiki/Ahom_kingdom" title="Ahom kingdom">Ahom kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Burma</a> had become common.<sup id="cite_ref-Sanajaoba1988p3_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanajaoba1988p3-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Medieval era manuscripts discovered in the 20th century, particularly the <i>Puya</i>, provide evidence that Hindus from the Indian subcontinent had married Manipur royalty by at least the 14th century. In centuries thereafter, royal spouses came also from what is now Assam, <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a> and from other <a href="/wiki/South_Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="South Indian">South Indian</a> kingdoms as well.<sup id="cite_ref-Sanajaoba1988p13_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanajaoba1988p13-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another manuscript suggests that Muslims arrived in Manipur in the 17th century, from what is now <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, during the reign of Meidingu <a href="/wiki/Khagemba" title="Khagemba">Khagemba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sanajaoba1988p13_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanajaoba1988p13-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The socio-political turmoil and wars, particularly the persistent and devastating <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Burmese_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Burmese wars">Anglo-Burmese wars</a>, affected the cultural and religious demography of Manipur.<sup id="cite_ref-Sanajaoba1988p15_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanajaoba1988p15-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_colonial_period">British colonial period</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Manipur_(princely_state)" title="Manipur (princely state)">Manipur (princely state)</a></div> <p>In 1824, the ruler of Manipur entered into a <a href="/wiki/Subsidiary_alliance" title="Subsidiary alliance">subsidiary alliance</a> with the British Empire in the Indian subcontinent, which became responsible for Manipur's external defence. The British recognised that the state remained internally self-governing, as a <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">princely state</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Manipur was the scene of many fierce battles between Japanese invaders and British Indian forces. The <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japanese</a> were beaten back before they could enter <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Imphal" title="Battle of Imphal">Imphal</a>, which was one of the turning points of the overall war in South Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Imphal" title="Battle of Imphal">Battle of Imphal</a>, known to the Manipuris as <i>Japan Laan</i>, are among the lesser-known battles of the Second World War. Yet the Allied Victory in this battle was a turning point against the Japanese in East Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-colonial_history">Post-colonial history</h3></div> <p>After the war, the Maharaja took the advice of the <a href="/wiki/1946_Cabinet_Mission_to_India" title="1946 Cabinet Mission to India">British Cabinet Mission</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Princes" title="Chamber of Princes">Chamber of Princes</a> to introduce democratic reforms in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Manipur_State_Constitution_Act_1947" title="Manipur State Constitution Act 1947">Manipur State Constitution Act of 1947</a> was promulgated in July 1947 to give the state an elected legislative assembly and an appointed prime minister.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESudhirkumar_Singh,_Socio-religious_and_Political_Movements2011130–131_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESudhirkumar_Singh,_Socio-religious_and_Political_Movements2011130–131-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETarapot,_Bleeding_Manipur2003172_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETarapot,_Bleeding_Manipur2003172-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elections to the assembly were held only in the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a> was <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">partitioned</a> into the independent dominions of <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Pakistan" title="Dominion of Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, and all the princely states were advised to "accede" to one of the dominions to take over the management of their external affairs and defence. The Maharaja <a href="/wiki/Instrument_of_Accession" title="Instrument of Accession">acceded</a> to India on 11 August 1947 and signed a <a href="/wiki/Standstill_agreement_(India)" title="Standstill agreement (India)">standstill agreement</a> to continue the existing arrangements.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanatomba,_Interrogation_into_the_political_status_of_Manipur2015169_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanatomba,_Interrogation_into_the_political_status_of_Manipur2015169-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over the next two years, the multitude of princely states of India were extensively reorganised as India moved towards becoming a <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">constitutional republic</a>. Proposals for reorganisation were also made for Manipur but discarded as being unsuitable.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETarapot,_Bleeding_Manipur2003173_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETarapot,_Bleeding_Manipur2003173-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParratt,_Wounded_Land2005103–104_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParratt,_Wounded_Land2005103–104-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually Manipur was turned into a centrally administered province (called a 'Part C' state, later renamed <a href="/wiki/Union_territory_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Union territory (India)">union territory</a>) by asking the Maharaja to sign a merger agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is believed to have signed it under duress.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The legislative assembly was dissolved and a centrally appointed Chief Commissioner handled the state's administration, as per the Constitution of India. An advisory council with nominated members was provided to advise the Chief Commissioner.<sup id="cite_ref-Sinha_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sinha-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1956, the advisory council was replaced by a territorial council with mostly elected members.<sup id="cite_ref-Sinha_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sinha-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKumar,_Union_Territories199144–45_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKumar,_Union_Territories199144–45-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1963, Manipur was provided a legislative assembly, with a council of ministers headed by a chief minister.<sup id="cite_ref-Sinha_79-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sinha-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKumar,_Union_Territories199149–53_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKumar,_Union_Territories199149–53-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was made a fully-fledged state in 1972 by the <a href="/wiki/North-Eastern_Areas_(Reorganisation)_Act,_1971" title="North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971">North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sinha_79-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sinha-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Kangla_Gate.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/The_Kangla_Gate.JPG/220px-The_Kangla_Gate.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/The_Kangla_Gate.JPG/330px-The_Kangla_Gate.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/The_Kangla_Gate.JPG/440px-The_Kangla_Gate.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1385" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Kangla Gate, the west entrance to the <a href="/wiki/Kangla_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Kangla Palace">Kangla Fort</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Manipur has a long record of insurgency and inter-ethnic violence.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its first armed opposition group, the <a href="/wiki/United_National_Liberation_Front" title="United National Liberation Front">United National Liberation Front</a> (UNLF), was founded in 1964 aiming to achieve independence from India and establish Manipur as a new country. Over time, many more groups formed, each with different goals, and deriving support from diverse ethnic groups in Manipur. The <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Revolutionary_Party_of_Kangleipak" title="People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak">People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak</a> (PREPAK) was formed in 1977, and the People's Liberation Army (PLA) in 1978, suspected by <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> of receiving arms and training from China.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1980, the <a href="/wiki/Kangleipak_Communist_Party" title="Kangleipak Communist Party">Kangleipak Communist Party</a> (KCP) was formed. These groups began a spree of bank robberies and attacks on police officers and government buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state government appealed to the central government in <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a> for support in combating this violence.<sup id="cite_ref-hrwm_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hrwm-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id=""Disturbed_area"_designation"><span id=".22Disturbed_area.22_designation"></span>"Disturbed area" designation</h4></div> <p>From 1980 to 2004, the Indian government referred to Manipur as a <i>disturbed area.</i> This term (designated by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (India)">Ministry of Home Affairs</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Governors_of_states_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Governors of states of India">state governor</a>) refers to a territory where extraordinary laws under the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_(Special_Powers)_Act" title="Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act">Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act</a> can be used. The laws allow the military to treat private and public spaces in the same manner, detain individuals for up to 24 hours with unlimited renewals, perform warrantless searches, and to shoot and kill individuals who break laws, carry weapons, or gather in groups larger than four. Legal immunity applies to the military.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 1980, the application of AFSPA has been at the heart of concerns about <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> violations in the region, such as arbitrary killings, torture, cruel, <a href="/wiki/Inhuman_or_degrading_treatment" class="mw-redirect" title="Inhuman or degrading treatment">inhuman and degrading treatment</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Forced_disappearance" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced disappearance">forced disappearances</a>. Its continued application has led to numerous protests, notably the longstanding hunger strike by <a href="/wiki/Irom_Sharmila_Chanu" class="mw-redirect" title="Irom Sharmila Chanu">Irom Sharmila Chanu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2004, the government lifted the <i>disturbed</i> status after a violent attack on a local woman. The rape of a Manipuri woman, <a href="/wiki/Thangjam_Manorama_Devi" class="mw-redirect" title="Thangjam Manorama Devi">Thangjam Manorama Devi</a>, by members of the <a href="/wiki/Assam_Rifles" title="Assam Rifles">Assam Rifles</a> paramilitary had led to wide protests including a nude protest by the <a href="/wiki/Meira_Paibi" title="Meira Paibi">Meira Paibi</a> women's association.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2023_ethnic_violence">2023 ethnic violence</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2023_Manipur_violence" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Manipur violence">2023 Manipur violence</a></div> <p>In May 2023, an ethnic clash between <a href="/wiki/Meitei_people" title="Meitei people">Meitei people</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kuki_people" title="Kuki people">Kuki people</a> led to extensive violence and arson, resulting in 60,000 people displaced from their homes and hundreds more dead and hospitalized.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to data released by <a href="/wiki/Manipur_Police" title="Manipur Police">Manipur Police</a>, as on September 15, 2023; 175 people have been killed; 1,118 people were injured, and 33 people were missing. 96 bodies remained unclaimed. 5,172 cases of arson including destruction of 4,786 houses and 386 religious places, out of which there were 254 churches and 132 temples, were reported since May. Out of 5,668 arms lost; 1,329 arms, 15,050 ammunition and 400 bombs were recovered.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Indian_army" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian army">Indian army</a> troops were deployed to control the situation.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> International outrage resulted from a report that two Kuki women had been paraded naked and allegedly gang-raped by a mob of Meitei men.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1_Loktak_Lake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/1_Loktak_Lake.jpg/220px-1_Loktak_Lake.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/1_Loktak_Lake.jpg/330px-1_Loktak_Lake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/1_Loktak_Lake.jpg/440px-1_Loktak_Lake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1832" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Loktak_Lake" title="Loktak Lake">Loktak Lake</a>, the largest fresh water lake in the state.</figcaption></figure> <p>The state lies at a latitude of 23°83'N – 25°68'N and a longitude of 93°03'E – 94°78'E. The total area covered by the state is 22,327 km<sup>2</sup> (8,621 sq mi). The capital lies in an oval-shaped valley of approximately 700 sq mi (2,000 km<sup>2</sup>), surrounded by blue mountains, at an elevation of 790 m (2,590 ft) above sea level.<sup id="cite_ref-www.e-pao.net_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.e-pao.net-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The slope of the valley is from north to south. The mountain ranges create a moderate climate, preventing the cold winds from the north from reaching the valley and barring cyclonic storms.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The state is bordered by the Indian states of <a href="/wiki/Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a> to its north, <a href="/wiki/Mizoram" title="Mizoram">Mizoram</a> to its south, Assam to its west, and shares an international border with <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> to its east.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Landscape_of_Manipur1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Landscape_of_Manipur1.jpg/220px-Landscape_of_Manipur1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Landscape_of_Manipur1.jpg/330px-Landscape_of_Manipur1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Landscape_of_Manipur1.jpg/440px-Landscape_of_Manipur1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>A tree amid Manipur hills.</figcaption></figure> <p>The state has four major river basins: the <a href="/wiki/Barak_River" title="Barak River">Barak River Basin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Barak_Valley" title="Barak Valley">Barak Valley</a>) to the west, the <a href="/wiki/Manipur_River" title="Manipur River">Manipur River Basin</a> in central Manipur, the <a href="/wiki/Kabaw_Valley" title="Kabaw Valley">Yu River Basin</a> in the east, and a portion of the Lanye River Basin in the north.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The water resources of Barak and Manipur river basins are about 1.8487 Mham (million hectare metres). The overall water balance of the state amounts to 0.7236 Mham in the annual water budget.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (By comparison, India receives 400 Mham of rain annually.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </p><p>The Barak River, the largest of Manipur, originates in the Manipur Hills and is joined by tributaries, such as the Irang, Maku, and <a href="/wiki/Tuivai_River" title="Tuivai River">Tuivai</a>. After its junction with the Tuivai, the Barak River turns north, forms the border with <a href="/wiki/Assam_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Assam State">Assam State</a>, and then enters the <a href="/wiki/Cachar" class="mw-redirect" title="Cachar">Cachar</a> Assam just above <a href="/wiki/Lakhipur" title="Lakhipur">Lakhipur</a>. The Manipur river basin has eight major rivers: the <a href="/wiki/Manipur_River" title="Manipur River">Manipur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imphal_River" title="Imphal River">Imphal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iril_River" title="Iril River">Iril</a>, Nambul, Sekmai, Chakpi, Thoubal and Khuga. All these rivers originate from the surrounding hills.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Landscape_of_Valley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Landscape_of_Valley.jpg/220px-Landscape_of_Valley.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Landscape_of_Valley.jpg/330px-Landscape_of_Valley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Landscape_of_Valley.jpg/440px-Landscape_of_Valley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="917" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>Landscape view for dawn at Senapati, Manipur</figcaption></figure> <p>Almost all the rivers in the valley area are in the mature stage and therefore deposit their sediment load in the <a href="/wiki/Loktak_Lake" title="Loktak Lake">Loktak Lake</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-www.e-pao.net_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.e-pao.net-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rivers draining the Manipur Hills are comparatively young, due to the hilly terrain through which they flow. These rivers are corrosive and become turbulent in the rainy season. Important rivers draining the western area include the Maku, <a href="/wiki/Barak_River" title="Barak River">Barak</a>, Jiri, Irang, and Leimatak. Rivers draining the eastern part of the state, the Yu River Basin, include the Chamu, Khunou and other short streams.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_104-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Manipur may be characterised as two distinct physical regions: an outlying area of rugged hills and narrow valleys, and the inner area of flat plain, with all associated landforms. These two areas are distinct in physical features and are conspicuous in flora and fauna. The valley region has hills and mounds rising above the flat surface. The Loktak Lake is an important feature of the central plain. The total area occupied by all the lakes is about 600 km<sup>2</sup>. The altitude ranges from 40 m at <a href="/wiki/Jiribam" title="Jiribam">Jiribam</a> to 2,994 m at <a href="/wiki/Mount_Temp%C3%BC" title="Mount Tempü">Mount Tempü</a> peak along the border with Nagaland. </p><p>The soil cover can be divided into two broad types, viz. the red <a href="/wiki/Iron_oxide" title="Iron oxide">ferruginous</a> soil in the hill area and the <a href="/wiki/Alluvium" title="Alluvium">alluvium</a> in the valley. The valley soils generally contain loam, small rock fragments, sand, and sandy clay, and are varied. On the plains, especially flood plains and deltas, the soil is quite thick. The topsoil on the steep slopes is very thin. Soil on the steep hill slopes is subject to high erosion, resulting in <a href="/wiki/Gullies" class="mw-redirect" title="Gullies">gullies</a> and barren rock slopes. The normal pH value ranges from 5.4 to 6.8.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora">Flora</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hill_Slope.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Hill_Slope.JPG/220px-Hill_Slope.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Hill_Slope.JPG/330px-Hill_Slope.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Hill_Slope.JPG/440px-Hill_Slope.JPG 2x" data-file-width="977" data-file-height="696" /></a><figcaption>Flowers carpeting the foothills</figcaption></figure> <p>Natural vegetation occupies an area of about 17,418 km<sup>2</sup> (6,725 sq mi),<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 77.2% of the total geographical area of the state, and consists of short and tall grasses, reeds and <a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">bamboos</a>, and trees. About a third of Manipur's forests are protected: 8.42% of the forested land is categorized under Reserved Forests, and 23.95% under Protected Forests.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are six major types of forests in Manipur, and 10 subtypes. The six major forest types, according to the state's Forest Department, include Tropical Wet Evergreen Forest, Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests, Sub-Tropical Pine Forest, Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest, Montane Wet Temperate Forest and Sub-alpine Forest.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_107-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are forests of <a href="/wiki/Teak" title="Teak">teak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine">pine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phoebe_hainesiana" title="Phoebe hainesiana">uningthou</a>, leihao, bamboo, and <a href="/wiki/Arundo" title="Arundo">cane</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rubber_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubber tree">Rubber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tea" title="Tea">tea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">coffee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orange_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Orange tree">orange</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cardamom" title="Cardamom">cardamom</a> are grown in hill areas. <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">Rice</a> is a staple food for Manipuris.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Dzukou_Valley.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/The_Dzukou_Valley.JPG/220px-The_Dzukou_Valley.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/The_Dzukou_Valley.JPG/330px-The_Dzukou_Valley.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/The_Dzukou_Valley.JPG/440px-The_Dzukou_Valley.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Dz%C3%BCko_Valley" title="Dzüko Valley">Dzüko Valley</a> which exists between the boundaries of Manipur and Nagaland has a temperate climate.</figcaption></figure> <p>Manipur's climate is largely influenced by the topography of the region. Lying 790 metres above sea level, Manipur is wedged among hills on all sides. This northeastern corner of India enjoys a generally amiable climate, though the winters can be chilly. The maximum temperature in the summer months is 32 °C (90 °F). The coldest month is January, and the warmest July.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The state receives an average annual rainfall of 1,467.5 mm (57.78 in) between April and mid-October. Precipitation ranges from light drizzle to heavy downpour. The capital city <a href="/wiki/Imphal" title="Imphal">Imphal</a> receives an annual average of 933 mm (36.7 in). Rainfall in this region is caused by The South Westerly <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">Monsoon</a> picking up moisture from the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a> and heading towards the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Himalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Himalaya">Eastern Himalaya</a> ranges. This normal rainfall pattern of Manipur enriches the soil and much of the agrarian activities are dependent on it as well. </p><p>Manipur is already <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_India" title="Climate change in India">experiencing climate change</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Impacts_of_climate_change" class="mw-redirect" title="Impacts of climate change">changes in weather</a>, with both increased <a href="/wiki/Extreme_weather" title="Extreme weather">variability in rain</a> as well as increasingly severe changes in temperature.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">284,465</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">346,222</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+21.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">384,016</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+10.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">445,606</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+16.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1941</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">512,069</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+14.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1951</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">577,635</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+12.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">780,037</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+35.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1971</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,072,753</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+37.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,420,953</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+32.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1,837,149</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+29.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,293,896</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+24.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,855,794</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+24.5%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <a href="/wiki/Census_of_India" title="Census of India">Census of India</a><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Manipur had a population of 2,855,794 at the 2011 census.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of this total, 57.2% lived in the valley districts and the remaining 42.8% in the hill districts. The valley (plain) is mainly inhabited by the <a href="/wiki/Meitei_people" title="Meitei people">Meitei speaking population</a> (native <a href="/wiki/Manipuri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Manipuri language">Manipuri</a> speakers). The hills are inhabited mainly by several ethno-linguistically diverse tribes belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Naga_people" title="Naga people">Nagas</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kuki_people" title="Kuki people">Kukis</a> and smaller tribal groupings. Naga and Kuki settlements are also found in the valley region, though less in numbers. There are also sizable population of Nepalis, Bengalis, Tamils and Marwaris living in Manipur.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (December 2023)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The distribution of area, population and density, and literacy rate as per the 2001 Census provisional figures are as below:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <table class="wikitable floatright collapsible" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px #000; margin-left:3em; width:24em;"> <caption>Demographics of Manipur (2011) </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 2em;"><b>Total Population</b></td> <td>2,855,794 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 2em;"><b>Male Population</b></td> <td>1,438,586 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 2em;"><b>Female Population</b></td> <td>1,417,208 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 2em;"><b>Rural Population</b></td> <td>1,736,236 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 2em;"><b>Urban Population</b></td> <td>834,154 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 2em;"><b>Child Sex Ratio</b></td> <td>936 female to 1000 male </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 2em;"><b>Density (per km<sup>2</sup>)</b></td> <td>115 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 2em;"><b>Literacy</b></td> <td>1,768,181 (85.4%) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 2em;"><b>Towns</b></td> <td>33 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="People">People</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Manipuri_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Manipuri people">Manipuri people</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Meitei_people" title="Meitei people">Meiteis</a><sup id="cite_ref-Khomdan_Singh_Lisam_pp_322_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khomdan_Singh_Lisam_pp_322-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (synonymous to the <a href="/wiki/Manipuris" class="mw-redirect" title="Manipuris">Manipuris</a>) constitute the majority of the state's population. They inhabit the <a href="/wiki/Imphal_Valley" title="Imphal Valley">Imphal Valley</a>. Nagas and Kuki-Zo are the major tribe conglomerates of tribes inhabiting the surrounding hills. The Kuki-Zos consist of several tribes including <a href="/wiki/Gangte_people" title="Gangte people">Gangte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hmar_people" title="Hmar people">Hmar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paite_people" title="Paite people">Paite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simte_people" title="Simte people">Simte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sukte_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sukte people">Sukte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thadou_people" title="Thadou people">Thadou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaiphei_people" title="Vaiphei people">Vaiphei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zou_people" title="Zou people">Zou</a>, and some smaller tribes. They speak <a href="/wiki/Kuki-Chin_languages" title="Kuki-Chin languages">Kuki-Chin languages</a> and predominate the southern hill districts of Manipur. The prominent Naga tribes are <a href="/wiki/Angami_Naga" title="Angami Naga">Angami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kabui_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabui people">Kabui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kacha_Naga" class="mw-redirect" title="Kacha Naga">Kacha Naga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mao_people_(India)" title="Mao people (India)">Mao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maram_people" title="Maram people">Maram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poumai_people" title="Poumai people">Poumai</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCmi_Naga" title="Sümi Naga">Sema</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tangkhul_people" title="Tangkhul people">Tangkhul</a>, each speaking its own language. They predominate the northern hill districts of Manipur. In addition, several smaller tribes that were classified as "Old Kuki" by the British administrators populate <a href="/wiki/Chandel_district" title="Chandel district">Chandel</a> and neighbouring districts. Some of them now classify themselves as Nagas while others retain the Kuki classification.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>All Scheduled Tribes </th> <th>Population<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Percentage <p>of Total Pop. </p> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuki_people" title="Kuki people">Kuki-Zo tribes</a> </td> <td>448,197 </td> <td>15.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Naga_people" title="Naga people">Naga tribes</a> </td> <td>597,017 </td> <td>20.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Old Kuki/Naga </td> <td>101,402 </td> <td>3.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total </td> <td>1,167,422 </td> <td>40.9% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_India" title="Languages of India">Languages of India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei language</a></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:grey;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 357.58140195921px; border-left-color:darkblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:darkblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:darkblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 292.67604064021px; border-left-color:limegreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:limegreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:limegreen"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 245.77792545149px; border-left-color:seagreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:seagreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:seagreen"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 209.76741253612px; border-left-color:orchid"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:orchid"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:orchid"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 177.90676497184px; border-left-color:powderblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:powderblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:powderblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 151.81934919964px; border-left-color:mediumseagreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:mediumseagreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:mediumseagreen"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 127.42476721817px; border-left-color:yellowgreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:yellowgreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:yellowgreen"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 106.75770918379px; border-left-color:lightskyblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:lightskyblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:lightskyblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 87.3831975571px; border-left-color:palegreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:palegreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:palegreen"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 69.906369203497px; border-left-color:lime"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:lime"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:lime"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 53.269488858385px; border-left-color:pink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:pink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:pink"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 36.428651291332px; border-left-color:steelblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:steelblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:steelblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 15.452224634055px; border-left-color:lightblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:lightblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:lightblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:99.618861104539px 8.7225290045099px 0 0; border-top-color:royalblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:royalblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:92.673860962346px 37.570673328166px 0 0; border-top-color:mediumblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:mediumblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:70.532739664683px 70.888169925553px 0 0; border-top-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:20.586260876988px 97.858090432547px 0 0; border-top-color:goldenrod"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:goldenrod"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Languages in Manipur (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-language_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-language-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:goldenrod; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei</a> (53.30%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:green; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Thadou_language" title="Thadou language">Thadou</a> (9.16%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:mediumblue; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Tangkhul_language" title="Tangkhul language">Tangkhul</a> (6.41%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:royalblue; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Poula_language" title="Poula language">Poula</a> (4.74%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:lightblue; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Rongmei_language" title="Rongmei language">Kabui</a> (3.83%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:steelblue; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Mao_language_(Manipur)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mao language (Manipur)">Mao</a> (3.12%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:pink; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a> (2.23%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:lime; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Paite_language" title="Paite language">Paite</a> (1.92%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:palegreen; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Hmar_language" title="Hmar language">Hmar</a> (1.72%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:lightskyblue; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Liangmai_language" title="Liangmai language">Liangmai</a> (1.59%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:yellowgreen; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Vaiphei_language" title="Vaiphei language">Vaiphei</a> (1.39%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:mediumseagreen; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Kukish_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Kukish languages">Kuki</a> (1.32%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:powderblue; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Maram_language" title="Maram language">Maram</a> (1.12%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:orchid; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> (1.07%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:seagreen; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/An%C4%81l_language" title="Anāl language">Anal</a> (0.93%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:limegreen; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Zou_language" title="Zou language">Zou</a> (0.91%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:darkblue; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Maringic_languages" title="Maringic languages">Maring</a> (0.90%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:grey; color:black;"> </span> Other (4.34%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>The official language of the state is <a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei</a> (also known as <i>Manipuri</i>). It is a <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_languages_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheduled languages of India">scheduled language</a> in the Republic of India,<sup id="cite_ref-langoff_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-langoff-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and serves as the <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> in Manipur.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other than Meitei language, in Manipur, there is a huge amount of linguistic diversity, as is the case in most of the Northeast India. Almost all of the languages are <a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-Tibetan">Sino-Tibetan</a>, with many different subgroups represented. There are multiple <a href="/wiki/Kuki-Chin_languages" title="Kuki-Chin languages">Kuki-Chin languages</a>, the largest being <a href="/wiki/Thadou_language" title="Thadou language">Thadou</a> and is spoken in all the hill districts. Another major language family is the <a href="/wiki/Naga_languages" title="Naga languages">Naga languages</a>, like <a href="/wiki/Tangkhulic_languages" title="Tangkhulic languages">Tangkhul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poula_language" title="Poula language">Poula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rongmei_language" title="Rongmei language">Rongmei</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mao_language_(India)" title="Mao language (India)">Mao</a>. Less than 5% speak Indo-European languages, mostly <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sylheti_language" title="Sylheti language">Sylheti</a> (also considered as a dialect of <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>), which is the major language of <a href="/wiki/Jiribam_district" title="Jiribam district">Jiribam district</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Language_Planning_and_Implementation" title="Directorate of Language Planning and Implementation">Directorate of Language Planning and Implementation</a> (AKA <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Language_Planning_and_Implementation" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Language Planning and Implementation">Department of Language Planning and Implementation</a>) of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Manipur" title="Government of Manipur">Government of Manipur</a> works for the development and the promotion of Meitei language and other local vernaculars of Manipur.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Linguistic_events">Linguistic events</h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_language_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Meitei language day">Meitei language day</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manipuri_language_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Manipuri language day">Manipuri language day</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_poetry_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Meitei poetry day">Meitei poetry day</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manipuri_poetry_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Manipuri poetry day">Manipuri poetry day</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_language_movement" title="Meitei language movement">Meitei language movements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_classical_language_movement" title="Meitei classical language movement">Meitei classical language movement</a> (ongoing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_linguistic_purism_movement" title="Meitei linguistic purism movement">Meitei linguistic purism movement</a> (ongoing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_scheduled_language_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Meitei scheduled language movement">Meitei scheduled language movement</a> (successful)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:white; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 4300.7099943192px; border-left-color:gray"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:gray"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:gray"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 167.64510189202px; border-left-color:darkkhaki"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:darkkhaki"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:darkkhaki"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 166.45426964508px; border-left-color:brown"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:brown"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:brown"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 165.04160635584px; border-left-color:Gold"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Gold"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Gold"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 159.33951589439px; border-left-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 52.385455673318px; border-left-color:dodgerblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:dodgerblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:dodgerblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 166.45426964508px 100px 0; border-right-color:darkorange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:darkorange"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religion in Manipur (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-religion_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-religion-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:darkorange; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Manipur" title="Hinduism in Manipur">Hinduism</a> (41.39%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:dodgerblue; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Manipur" title="Christianity in Manipur">Christianity</a> (41.29%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:green; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Meitei_Pangals" title="Meitei Pangals">Islam</a> (8.40%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Gold; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhism in India">Buddhism</a> (0.25%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:brown; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_India" title="Jainism in India">Jainism</a> (0.06%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:darkkhaki; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_India" title="Sikhism in India">Sikhism</a> (0.05%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:gray; color:black;"> </span> Other religion (8.19%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_India" title="Irreligion in India">No religion</a> (0.38%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> are the major religions practiced in Manipur. Between the 1961 and 2011 censuses of India, the share of <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a> in the state declined from 62% to 41%, while the share of <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a> rose from 19% to 41%.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The religious groups of the Meitei-speaking people include <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanamahism" title="Sanamahism">Sanamahists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meitei_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Meitei Christians">Meitei Christians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meitei_Pangals" title="Meitei Pangals">Meitei Pangals</a>. Besides these, the non Meitei-speaking communities (tribals) are mostly Christians. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hinduism">Hinduism</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Manipur" title="Hinduism in Manipur">Hinduism in Manipur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meitei_Hindus" title="Meitei Hindus">Meitei Hindus</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gopinath_Temple_-_Ningthoukhong,_Manipur_(India).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Gopinath_Temple_-_Ningthoukhong%2C_Manipur_%28India%29.jpg/220px-Gopinath_Temple_-_Ningthoukhong%2C_Manipur_%28India%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Gopinath_Temple_-_Ningthoukhong%2C_Manipur_%28India%29.jpg/330px-Gopinath_Temple_-_Ningthoukhong%2C_Manipur_%28India%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Gopinath_Temple_-_Ningthoukhong%2C_Manipur_%28India%29.jpg/440px-Gopinath_Temple_-_Ningthoukhong%2C_Manipur_%28India%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3534" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ningthoukhong_Gopinath_Mandir" class="mw-redirect" title="Ningthoukhong Gopinath Mandir">Ningthoukhong Gopinath Temple</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Meitei_people" title="Meitei people">Meitei ethnicity</a> (aka <a href="/wiki/Manipuri_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Manipuri people">Manipuri people</a>) is the majority group following Hinduism in Manipur, beside other minor immigrants following the same faith in the state. Among the indigenous communities of Manipur, <a href="/wiki/Meiteis" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiteis">Meiteis</a> are the only Hindus as no other indigenous ethnic groups follow this faith. According to the <a href="/wiki/2011_Census_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Census of India">2011 Census of India</a>, about 41.39% of the Manipuri people practice <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>. The Hindu population is heavily concentrated in the Meitei dominant areas of the Manipur Valley (<a href="/wiki/Imphal_Valley" title="Imphal Valley">Imphal Valley</a>), among the Meitei people. The districts of Bishnupur, Thoubal, Imphal East, and Imphal West all have Hindu majorities, averaging 67.62% (range 62.27–74.81%) according to the 2011 census data.<sup id="cite_ref-religion_122-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-religion-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vaishnavite Hinduism was the state religion of the <a href="/wiki/Manipur_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Manipur Kingdom">Kingdom of Manipur</a>. In 1704, Meitei King <a href="/wiki/Charairongba" title="Charairongba">Charairongba</a> accepted Vaishnavism and changed his traditional Meitei name into Hindu name, Pitambar Singh.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the first Hindu temples were constructed much earlier. A copper plate excavated from <a href="/wiki/Phayeng" title="Phayeng">Phayeng</a> dating back to 763 CE (believed to be of the reign of Meitei King Khongtekcha) was found to contain inscriptions about the Hindu deities in Sanskrit words.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 13th century, Meitei King Khumomba constructed a Lord Hanuman temple.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Vishnu temple at Lamangdong was constructed during 1474 CE (during the reign of Meitei King <a href="/wiki/Senbi_Kiyamba" title="Senbi Kiyamba">Kiyamba</a>), by Brahmins immigrating from the neighborhood <a href="/wiki/Shan_State" title="Shan State">Shan State</a>. As per the legends, the temple was constructed to house the Vishnu emblem given to King Kiyamba by King Khekhomba of Shan. Phurailatpam Shubhi Narayan was the first Brahmin priest of this temple.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christianity">Christianity</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Manipur" title="Christianity in Manipur">Christianity in Manipur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meitei_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Meitei Christians">Meitei Christians</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Joseph%27s_Cathedral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/St._Joseph%27s_Cathedral.jpg/220px-St._Joseph%27s_Cathedral.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/St._Joseph%27s_Cathedral.jpg/330px-St._Joseph%27s_Cathedral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/St._Joseph%27s_Cathedral.jpg/440px-St._Joseph%27s_Cathedral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>St. Joseph's Cathedral at Imphal</figcaption></figure> <p>Christianity is the religion of 41% of the people in the state, but is the majority in rural areas with 53%, and is predominant in the hills. It was brought by Protestant missionaries to Manipur in the 19th century. In the 20th century, a few Christian schools were established, which introduced Western-type education. Christianity is the predominant religion among tribals of Manipur and tribal Christians make up the vast majority (over 96%) of the Christian population in Manipur.<sup id="cite_ref-censusindia1_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-censusindia1-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam">Islam</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Meitei_Pangals" title="Meitei Pangals">Meitei Pangals</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Meitei_Pangals" title="Meitei Pangals">Meitei Pangals</a> (<a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei</a>: <span lang="mni"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1250982399"><span class="script-meetei_mayek"><a href="/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A9_%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯜ">ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯜ</a></span></span>), also known as Meitei Muslims or Manipuri Muslims, are the third largest religious majority group in the state, comprising about 8.3% of the state population. They belong to the <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a> group of the <a href="/wiki/Hanafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi">Hanafi</a> school of Islamic thought and they include Arabs, Bangladeshis, Turanis, Bengalis and Chaghtai Turks.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sanamahism">Sanamahism</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sanamahism" title="Sanamahism">Sanamahism</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Symbol_of_Sanamahi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/The_Symbol_of_Sanamahi.svg/220px-The_Symbol_of_Sanamahi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/The_Symbol_of_Sanamahi.svg/330px-The_Symbol_of_Sanamahi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/The_Symbol_of_Sanamahi.svg/440px-The_Symbol_of_Sanamahi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="514" /></a><figcaption>The symbol of Sanamahism religion, the indigenous <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_religion" title="Ethnic religion">ethnic religion</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Meitei_people" title="Meitei people">Meitei people</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Temple_at_Kangla.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Temple_at_Kangla.jpg/300px-Temple_at_Kangla.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Temple_at_Kangla.jpg/450px-Temple_at_Kangla.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Temple_at_Kangla.jpg/600px-Temple_at_Kangla.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2469" data-file-height="1214" /></a><figcaption>A reconstructed ancient temple dedicated to Meitei God <a href="/wiki/Pakhangba" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakhangba">Pakhangba</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sanamahism" title="Sanamahism">Sanamahism</a> inside the <a href="/wiki/Kangla_Fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Kangla Fort">Kangla Fort</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imphal" title="Imphal">Imphal</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Sanamahism" title="Sanamahism">Sanamahism</a> is the indigenous, polytheistic and animistic <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_religion" title="Ethnic religion">ethnic religion</a> of the Meitei people.<sup id="cite_ref-lintner2015p113_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lintner2015p113-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sanamahist worship concentrates on the household deity <a href="/wiki/Lainingthou_Sanamahi" title="Lainingthou Sanamahi">Lainingthou Sanamahi</a>. The ancient Meiteis worshiped a Supreme deity, Salailen, and followed their ancestors. Their ancestor worship and animism was based on <a href="/wiki/Umang_Lai" title="Umang Lai">Umang Lai</a> – ethnic governing deities worshiped in the <a href="/wiki/Sacred_groves" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred groves">sacred groves</a>. Some of the traditional <a href="/wiki/Meitei_deities" class="mw-redirect" title="Meitei deities">Meitei deities</a>, or Lais are Atiya Sidaba, <a href="/wiki/Pakhangba" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakhangba">Pakhangba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lainingthou_Sanamahi" title="Lainingthou Sanamahi">Sanamahi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Panthoibi" title="Panthoibi">Panthoibi</a>. Out of the 233,767 people who opted for the "Other religion" option, 222,315 were Sanamahists.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_religions">Other religions</h3></div> <p>The various other religions were mostly followers of tribal folk religions, 6,444 were <a href="/wiki/Haipou_Jadonang#Heraka_movement" title="Haipou Jadonang">Heraka</a>, 2,032 were Jewish and 1,180 were from other tribal religions such as Tingkao Ragwang Chapriak.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <span class="anonymous-show"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AManipur&preload=Template%3ASubmit+an+edit+request%2Fpreload&action=edit&section=new&editintro=Template%3AEdit+protected%2Feditintro&preloadtitle=Protected+edit+request+on+24+November+2024&preloadparams%5B%5D=edit+fully-protected&preloadparams%5B%5D=Manipur">making an edit request</a></span></span><span class="user-show"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manipur&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a> </span>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2015</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Manipur" title="Government of Manipur">Government of Manipur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manipur_Legislative_Assembly" title="Manipur Legislative Assembly">Manipur Legislative Assembly</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kanglasa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Kanglasa.svg/300px-Kanglasa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="368" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Kanglasa.svg/450px-Kanglasa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Kanglasa.svg/600px-Kanglasa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1840" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Manipur" title="Emblem of Manipur">emblem</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Manipur" title="Government of Manipur">Government of Manipur</a> depicts <a href="/wiki/Kangla_Sha" class="mw-redirect" title="Kangla Sha">Kangla Sha</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kangla_Sa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kangla Sa">Kangla Sa</a>), an <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Meitei_deity" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Meitei deity">ancient Meitei deity</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei language</a> text written in <a href="/wiki/Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei script</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The government of Manipur is a collective assembly of 60 elected members, of which 19 are reserved for Scheduled Tribes and 1 for Scheduled Castes.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state sends two representatives to the Lok Sabha of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a>. The state sends one representative to the Rajya Sabha. The legislature of the state is Unicameral.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Representatives are elected for a five-year term to the state assembly and the Indian parliament through voting, a process overseen by the offices of the Election Commission of India.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The state has <a href="/wiki/Sadar_Hills_Autonomous_District_Council" title="Sadar Hills Autonomous District Council">one autonomous council</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_unrest">Civil unrest</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Social_movements">Social movements</h4></div> <p>There were many public movements in Manipur against the government: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_classical_language_movement" title="Meitei classical language movement">Meitei classical language movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_language_movement#Scheduled_language_movement" title="Meitei language movement">Meitei scheduled language movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_language_movement#Linguistic_purism_movement" title="Meitei language movement">Meitei linguistic purism movement</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Security_and_insurgency">Security and insurgency</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Manipur" title="Insurgency in Manipur">Insurgency in Manipur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_abuses_in_Manipur" title="Human rights abuses in Manipur">Human rights abuses in Manipur</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thangjam_Manorama#Protests_against_the_AFSPA" title="Thangjam Manorama">Thangjam Manorama § Protests against the AFSPA</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Irom_sharmila_at_calicut.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Irom_sharmila_at_calicut.jpg/300px-Irom_sharmila_at_calicut.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Irom_sharmila_at_calicut.jpg/450px-Irom_sharmila_at_calicut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Irom_sharmila_at_calicut.jpg/600px-Irom_sharmila_at_calicut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="2760" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Irom_Chanu_Sharmila" title="Irom Chanu Sharmila">Irom Chanu Sharmila</a>, the world's longest hunger striker, who <a href="/wiki/Hunger_strike" title="Hunger strike">hunger striked</a> for more than 500 weeks, demanding the repealing of the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_(Special_Powers)_Act,_1958" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958">Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958</a> in Manipur<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The violence in Manipur extends beyond the conflict between Indian security forces and insurgent armed groups. There is violence between the <a href="/wiki/Meitei_ethnicity" class="mw-redirect" title="Meitei ethnicity">Meitei ethnicity</a>, various <a href="/wiki/Naga_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="Naga tribes">Naga tribes</a>, various <a href="/wiki/Kuki_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuki tribes">Kuki tribes</a>, and other tribal groups.<sup id="cite_ref-hrwm_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hrwm-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Splinter groups have arisen within some of the armed groups, and disagreement between them is rife. Other than the UNLF, PLA, and PREPAK, Manipuri insurgent groups include the Revolutionary Peoples Front (RPF), Manipur Liberation Front Army (MLFA), Kanglei Yawol Kanba Lup (KYKL), Revolutionary Joint Committee (RJC), Kangleipak Communist Party (KCP), Peoples United Liberation Front (PULF), Manipur Naga People Front (MNPF), National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN-K), National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN-I/M), United Kuki Liberation Front (UKLF), Kuki National Front (KNF), Kuki National Army (KNA), Kuki Defence Force (KDF), Kuki Democratic Movement (KDM), Kuki National Organisation (KNO), Kuki Security Force (KSF), Chin Kuki Revolutionary Front (CKRF), Kom Rem Peoples Convention (KRPC), Zomi Revolutionary Volunteers (ZRV), Zomi Revolutionary Army (ZRA), Zomi Reunification Organisation (ZRO), and Hmar Peoples Convention (HPC).<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hrwm_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hrwm-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Meitei insurgent groups seek independence from India. The Kuki insurgent groups want a separate state for the Kukis to be carved out from the present state of Manipur. The Kuki insurgent groups are under two umbrella organisations: the Kuki National Organisation (KNO) and United Peoples Forum.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Nagas wish to annex part of Manipur and merge with a greater Nagaland or Nagalim, which is in conflict with Meitei insurgent demands for the integrity of their vision of an independent state. There have been many tensions between the tribes and numerous clashes between Naga and Kukis, Meiteis and Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-hrwm_36-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hrwm-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to SATP in 2014, there had been a dramatic decline in fatalities in Manipur since 2009. In 2009, 77 civilians died (about 3 per 100,000 people).<sup id="cite_ref-satp9413_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-satp9413-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 2010 onward, about 25 civilians have died in militant-related violence (about 1 per 100,000 people), dropping further to 21 civilian deaths in 2013 (or 0.8 per 100,000 people). However, there were 76 explosions in 2013 compared to 107 in 2012. Different groups have claimed responsibility for the explosions, some claiming they were targeting competing militant groups, others claiming their targets were state and central government officials.<sup id="cite_ref-satp_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-satp-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a point of comparison, the average annual global rate of violent death between 2004 and 2009 was 7.9 per 100,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-gede_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gede-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soibum_yendem_eromba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Soibum_yendem_eromba.jpg/220px-Soibum_yendem_eromba.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Soibum_yendem_eromba.jpg/330px-Soibum_yendem_eromba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Soibum_yendem_eromba.jpg/440px-Soibum_yendem_eromba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Bamboo is common in Manipur, and an important contributor to its economy as well as cuisine. Above is <i>soibum yendem eromba</i>, a bamboo shoot dish of Manipur.</figcaption></figure> <p>The 2012–2013 gross state domestic product of Manipur at market prices was about <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>10,188 crore</span> (US$1.2 billion).<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its economy is primarily agriculture, forestry, cottage and trade driven.<sup id="cite_ref-ghg_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ghg-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Manipur acts as India's "Gateway to the East" through <a href="/wiki/Moreh,_India" title="Moreh, India">Moreh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tamu,_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamu, Burma">Tamu</a> towns, the land route for trade between India and Burma and other countries in Southeast Asia, East Asia, Siberia, the Arctic, Micronesia and Polynesia. Manipur has the highest number of handicraft units and the highest number of craftspersons in the northeastern region of India.<sup id="cite_ref-Manipur_Economy_-_Snapshot_141-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manipur_Economy_-_Snapshot-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electricity">Electricity</h3></div> <p>Manipur produced about 0.1 GWh (0.36 TJ) of electricity in 2010 with its infrastructure.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state has <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectric_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroelectric power">hydroelectric power</a> generation potential, estimated to be over 2 GWh (7.2 TJ). As of 2010, if half of this potential is realised, it is estimated that this would supply <a href="/wiki/24/7_service" title="24/7 service">24/7</a> electricity to all residents, with a surplus for sale, as well as supplying the Burma power grid.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3></div> <p>Manipur's climate and soil conditions make it ideally suited for horticultural crops. Growing there are rare and exotic <a href="/wiki/Medicinal_plants" title="Medicinal plants">medicinal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aromatic_plants" class="mw-redirect" title="Aromatic plants">aromatic plants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Manipur_Economy_-_Snapshot_141-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manipur_Economy_-_Snapshot-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some cash crops suited for Manipur include <a href="/wiki/Lychee" title="Lychee">Lychee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cashew" title="Cashew">Cashew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walnut" title="Walnut">Walnut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orange_(fruit)" title="Orange (fruit)">Orange</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lemon" title="Lemon">Lemon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pineapple" title="Pineapple">Pineapple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papaya" title="Papaya">Papaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Passiflora_edulis" title="Passiflora edulis">Passion Fruit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peach" title="Peach">Peach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pear" title="Pear">Pear</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plum" title="Plum">Plum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ghg_140-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ghg-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state is covered with over 3,000 km<sup>2</sup> (1,200 sq mi) of bamboo forests, making it one of India's largest contributor to its bamboo industry.<sup id="cite_ref-Manipur_Economy_-_Snapshot_141-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manipur_Economy_-_Snapshot-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Agriculture in Manipur includes a number of <a href="/wiki/Smallholding" title="Smallholding">smallholding</a> farms, many of whom are owned by women.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Climate change, especially changes in temperature and weather are hurting small farmers in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like <a href="/wiki/Women_in_climate_change" title="Women in climate change">rural women in other parts of the world</a>, women in agriculture in Manipur are harmed more by the changes in weather, because of less access to support from local governments.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_144-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation_infrastructure">Transportation infrastructure</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Imphal_airport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Imphal_airport.jpg/220px-Imphal_airport.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Imphal_airport.jpg/330px-Imphal_airport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Imphal_airport.jpg/440px-Imphal_airport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Imphal airport is the second largest airport in India's northeast.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Tulihal_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulihal Airport">Tulihal Airport</a>, Changangei, Imphal, the only airport of Manipur, connects directly with <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guwahati" title="Guwahati">Guwahati</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Agartala" title="Agartala">Agartala</a>. It has been upgraded to an <a href="/wiki/International_airport" title="International airport">international airport</a>. As India's second largest airport in the northeast, it serves as a key logistical centre for northeastern states. The Tulihal Airport has been renamed Bir Tikendrajit Airport.<sup id="cite_ref-manipuraai_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manipuraai-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_39_(India)" title="National Highway 39 (India)">National Highway NH-39</a> links Manipur with the rest of the country through the railway stations at <a href="/wiki/Dimapur" title="Dimapur">Dimapur</a> in Nagaland at a distance of 215 km (134 mi) from Imphal.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (December 2023)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_53_(India)" title="National Highway 53 (India)">National Highway 53 (India)</a> connects Manipur with another railway station at <a href="/wiki/Silchar" title="Silchar">Silchar</a> in Assam, which is 269 km (167 mi) away from Imphal. The road network of Manipur, with a length of 7,170 km (4,460 mi) connects all the important towns and distant villages. However, the road condition throughout the state is often deplorable.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, Indian government announced that it is considering an Asian infrastructure network from Manipur to <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The proposed <a href="/wiki/Trans-Asian_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans-Asian Railway">Trans-Asian Railway</a> (TAR), if constructed, will pass through Manipur, connecting India to <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_North_East_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in North East India">Tourism in North East India</a></div> <p>The tourist season is from October to February when it is often sunny without being hot and humid.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The culture features martial arts, dance, theatre and sculpture. Greenery accompanies a moderate climate. The seasonal <a href="/wiki/Shirui_Lily" class="mw-redirect" title="Shirui Lily">Shirui Lily</a> plant at <a href="/wiki/Ukhrul" title="Ukhrul">Ukhrul</a> (district), <a href="/wiki/Dz%C3%BCko_Valley" title="Dzüko Valley">Dzüko Valley</a> at Senapati, <a href="/wiki/Sangai" title="Sangai">Sangai</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brow_antlered_deer" class="mw-redirect" title="Brow antlered deer">Brow antlered deer</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Floating_islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Floating islands">floating islands</a> at <a href="/wiki/Loktak_Lake" title="Loktak Lake">Loktak Lake</a> are among the rarities of the area. <a href="/wiki/Polo" title="Polo">Polo</a>, which can be called a royal game, originated in Manipur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="UNESCO_list">UNESCO list</h4></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Keibul_Lamjao_National_Park" title="Keibul Lamjao National Park">Keibul Lamjao National Park</a> (KLNP), which is the world's only floating national park, located in the <a href="/wiki/Loktak_lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Loktak lake">Loktak lake</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is under the tentative lists of the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Sites</a>, under the title <i>"<a href="/wiki/Keibul_Lamjao_Conservation_Area_(KLCA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Keibul Lamjao Conservation Area (KLCA)">Keibul Lamjao Conservation Area (KLCA)</a>"</i>, additionally covering the buffer of <a href="/wiki/Loktak_Lake" title="Loktak Lake">Loktak Lake</a> (140 sq km) and <a href="/wiki/Pumlenpat" title="Pumlenpat">Pumlen Pat</a> (43 sq. km), besides the 40 sq km of the KLNP.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Kangla" class="mw-redirect" title="Kangla">Kangla</a> (officially called the <a href="/wiki/Kangla_Fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Kangla Fort">Kangla Fort</a>), which was the historic seat of administration of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Meitei_kings" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Meitei kings">Meitei rulers</a> of <a href="/wiki/Manipur_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Manipur Kingdom">Manipur Kingdom</a>, is also moved in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Parliament">Indian Parliament</a>, to be included in the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a> list.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Imphal_(capital)"><span id="Imphal_.28capital.29"></span>Imphal (capital)</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Imphal_city.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Imphal_city.jpg/220px-Imphal_city.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Imphal_city.jpg/330px-Imphal_city.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Imphal_city.jpg/440px-Imphal_city.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>A view of Imphal City</figcaption></figure> <p>The city is inhabited by the <a href="/wiki/Meitei_people" title="Meitei people">Meitei people</a> and other communities. The city contains the <a href="/wiki/Imphal_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Imphal Airport">Tulihal Airport</a>. The district is divided into East and West. <a href="/wiki/Khuman_Lampak_Main_Stadium" title="Khuman Lampak Main Stadium">The Khuman Lampak Sports Complex</a> was built for the 1997 National Games. The stadium is used for a sports venue. It also contains a cyclists' <a href="/wiki/Velodrome" title="Velodrome">velodrome</a>. Most of the imported goods are sold at Paona Bazaar, Gambhir Singh Shopping Complex and Leima Plaza. <a href="/wiki/Kangla_Fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Kangla Fort">Kangla Fort</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marjing_Polo_Statue" title="Marjing Polo Statue">Marjing Polo Statue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanamahi_Kiyong" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanamahi Kiyong">Sanamahi Kiyong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ima_Market" title="Ima Market">Ima Market</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samban-Lei_Sekpil" title="Samban-Lei Sekpil">Samban-Lei Sekpil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shree_Govindajee_Temple" title="Shree Govindajee Temple">Shree Govindajee Temple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andro,_Imphal_East" title="Andro, Imphal East">Andro village</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Manipur_State_Museum" title="Manipur State Museum">Manipur State Museum</a> are in the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lakes_and_islands">Lakes and islands</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syrmaticus_humiae.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Syrmaticus_humiae.jpg/200px-Syrmaticus_humiae.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Syrmaticus_humiae.jpg/300px-Syrmaticus_humiae.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Syrmaticus_humiae.jpg/400px-Syrmaticus_humiae.jpg 2x" data-file-width="719" data-file-height="491" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Siroi_Lily.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Siroi_Lily.jpg/200px-Siroi_Lily.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Siroi_Lily.jpg/300px-Siroi_Lily.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Siroi_Lily.jpg/400px-Siroi_Lily.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Leimaram_waterfall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Leimaram_waterfall.jpg/200px-Leimaram_waterfall.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Leimaram_waterfall.jpg/300px-Leimaram_waterfall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Leimaram_waterfall.jpg/400px-Leimaram_waterfall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="939" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Rare birds and flowers include: <a href="/wiki/Mrs._Hume%27s_pheasant" title="Mrs. Hume's pheasant">Nongin</a><sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the state bird (top) and Siroi Lily<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is its state flower (middle). Leimaram falls, bottom, is a local attraction.</div></div></div></div> <p>48 km (30 mi) from <a href="/wiki/Imphal" title="Imphal">Imphal</a>, lies the largest fresh water lake in northeast India, the <a href="/wiki/Loktak_Lake" title="Loktak Lake">Loktak Lake</a>, a miniature inland sea. There is a tourist bungalow atop Sendra Island. Life on the lake includes small islands that are floating weed on which live the lake people, the blue waters of the lake, and colourful water plants. There is a <a href="/wiki/Sendra" title="Sendra">Sendra</a> tourist home with an attached cafeteria in the middle of the lake. <a href="/wiki/Floating_islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Floating islands">Floating islands</a> are made out of the tangle of watery weeds and other plants. The wetland is swampy and is favourable for a number of species. It is in the district of <a href="/wiki/Bishnupur_district" title="Bishnupur district">Bishnupur</a>. The etymology of Loktak is "lok = stream / tak = the end" (End of the Streams).<sup id="cite_ref-www.e-pao.net_98-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.e-pao.net-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sendra park and resort is opening on the top of Sendra hills and attracting the tourist. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hills_and_valleys">Hills and valleys</h4></div> <p>Kaina is a <a href="/wiki/Hillock" title="Hillock">hillock</a> about 921 m (3,022 ft) above sea level. It is a sacred place for Manipuri Hindus. The legend is that, Shri Govindajee appeared in the dream of his devotee, Shri Jai Singh Maharaja, and asked the saintly king to install in a temple, an image of <a href="/wiki/Lord_Krishna" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Krishna">Shri Govindajee</a>. It was to be carved out of a <a href="/wiki/Jack_fruit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack fruit">jack fruit</a> tree, which was then growing at <a href="/wiki/Kaina_(Manipur)" title="Kaina (Manipur)">Kaina</a>. It is 29 km (18 mi) from Imphal. The <a href="/wiki/Dz%C3%BCko_Valley" title="Dzüko Valley">Dzüko Valley</a> is in Senapati district bordering with Kohima. There are seasonal flowers and number of flora and fauna. It is at an altitude of 2,438 m (7,999 ft) above sea level, behind <a href="/wiki/Mount_Japf%C3%BC" title="Mount Japfü">Mount Japfü</a> in Nagaland. The rare Dzüko lily is found only in this valley.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Eco_tourism">Eco tourism</h4></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sangai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Sangai.jpg/200px-Sangai.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Sangai.jpg/300px-Sangai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Sangai.jpg/400px-Sangai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="555" /></a><figcaption>Sangai, the state animal, at Keibul Lamjao National Park. In the wild, it has a habit of waiting and looking back at viewers.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Keibul_Lamjao_National_Park" title="Keibul Lamjao National Park">Keibul Lamjao National Park</a>, 48 km (30 mi) away from Imphal is an abode of the rare and endangered species of <a href="/wiki/Eld%27s_deer" title="Eld's deer">brow antlered deer</a>. This ecosystem contains 17 rare species of mammals.<sup id="cite_ref-www.e-pao.net_98-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.e-pao.net-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the only floating national park of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Six km (3.7 mi) to the west of <a href="/wiki/Imphal" title="Imphal">Imphal</a>, at the foot of the pine growing hillocks at Iroisemba on the Imphal-Kangchup Road are the <a href="/wiki/Zoological_Gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoological Gardens">Zoological Gardens</a>. Some <a href="/wiki/Brow_antlered_deer" class="mw-redirect" title="Brow antlered deer">brow antlered deer</a> (Sangai) are housed there. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Waterfalls">Waterfalls</h4></div> <p>Sadu Chiru waterfall is near Ichum Keirap village<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 27 km (17 mi) from Imphal, in the Sadar hill area, Senapati district. This consists of three falls with the first fall about 30 m (98 ft) high. Agape Park is in the vicinity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Natural_caves">Natural caves</h4></div> <p>Thalon Cave (around 910 m (2,990 ft) above sea level) is one of the historical sites of Manipur under <a href="/wiki/Tamenglong_district" title="Tamenglong district">Tamenglong district</a>. It is around 185 km (115 mi) from the state capital and around 30 km (19 mi) from Tamenglong district headquarters in north side. From Thalon village, this cave is 4–5 km (2.5–3.1 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Khangkhui Cave is a natural limestone cave in <a href="/wiki/Ukhrul_district" title="Ukhrul district">Ukhrul district</a>. The big hall in the cave is the darbar hall of the Devil King living deep inside while the northern hall is the royal bedroom, according to local folklore. During World War II, villagers sought shelter here. This cave is an hour's trek from Khangkui village.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_institutions_of_higher_education_in_Manipur" title="List of institutions of higher education in Manipur">List of institutions of higher education in Manipur</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1_%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%A7_%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AA_(%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A1)%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%9E_%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%AA%EA%AF%95_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9E%EA%AF%84_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%83.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1_%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%A7_%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AA_%28%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A1%29%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%9E_%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%AA%EA%AF%95_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9E%EA%AF%84_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%83.jpg/300px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1_%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%A7_%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AA_%28%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A1%29%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%9E_%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%AA%EA%AF%95_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9E%EA%AF%84_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%83.jpg/450px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1_%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%A7_%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AA_%28%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A1%29%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%9E_%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%AA%EA%AF%95_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9E%EA%AF%84_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%83.jpg/600px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2992" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Sanamahi_Kiyong" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanamahi Kiyong">Sanamahi Kiyong</a> shrine is the central body of the <a href="/wiki/Nongmaiching_Ching#University_of_Sanamahi_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Nongmaiching Ching">University of Sanamahi Culture</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Nongmaiching_Ching" class="mw-redirect" title="Nongmaiching Ching">Nongmaiching Ching</a> mountain.</figcaption></figure> <p>Manipur schools are run by the state and central government or by private organisation. Instruction is mainly in English. Under the 10+2+3 plan, students may enroll in general or professional degree programs after passing the Higher Secondary Examination (the grade 12 examination). The main universities are <a href="/wiki/Manipur_University" title="Manipur University">Manipur University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Agricultural_University" title="Central Agricultural University">Central Agricultural University</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Technology,_Manipur" title="National Institute of Technology, Manipur">National Institute of Technology, Manipur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Information_Technology,_Manipur" title="Indian Institute of Information Technology, Manipur">Indian Institute of Information Technology, Manipur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Medical Sciences">Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Medical Sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regional_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Regional Institute of Medical Sciences">Regional Institute of Medical Sciences</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi_National_Tribal_University" title="Indira Gandhi National Tribal University">Indira Gandhi National Tribal University</a>. </p><p>Manipur is home to India's first floating elementary school: Loktak Elementary Floating School in Loktak Lake. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Myanmar%E2%80%93Thailand_Trilateral_Highway" title="India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway">India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:India%E2%80%93Myanmar%E2%80%93Thailand_Trilateral_Highway.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/India%E2%80%93Myanmar%E2%80%93Thailand_Trilateral_Highway.svg/300px-India%E2%80%93Myanmar%E2%80%93Thailand_Trilateral_Highway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/India%E2%80%93Myanmar%E2%80%93Thailand_Trilateral_Highway.svg/450px-India%E2%80%93Myanmar%E2%80%93Thailand_Trilateral_Highway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/India%E2%80%93Myanmar%E2%80%93Thailand_Trilateral_Highway.svg/600px-India%E2%80%93Myanmar%E2%80%93Thailand_Trilateral_Highway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="612" data-file-height="649" /></a><figcaption>Manipur serves as the passing point of the <a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Myanmar%E2%80%93Thailand_Trilateral_Highway" title="India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway">India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway</a>, having <a href="/wiki/Imphal" title="Imphal">Imphal</a>-<a href="/wiki/Mandalay" title="Mandalay">Mandalay</a>-<a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a> route with a distance of 1,813 km (1,127 miles) to improve the <a href="/wiki/ASEAN%E2%80%93India_Free_Trade_Area" title="ASEAN–India Free Trade Area">ASEAN–India Free Trade Area</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Imphal,_Manipur_(55).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Imphal%2C_Manipur_%2855%29.jpeg/220px-Imphal%2C_Manipur_%2855%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Imphal%2C_Manipur_%2855%29.jpeg/330px-Imphal%2C_Manipur_%2855%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Imphal%2C_Manipur_%2855%29.jpeg/440px-Imphal%2C_Manipur_%2855%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>National Highway 150 in Imphal</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Imphal_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Imphal International Airport">Imphal International Airport</a> is situated in the capital <a href="/wiki/Imphal" title="Imphal">Imphal</a> which connects direct flights from <a href="/wiki/Imphal" title="Imphal">Imphal</a> to <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guwahati" title="Guwahati">Guwahati</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Agartala" title="Agartala">Agartala</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roadways">Roadways</h3></div> <p>Manipur is connected to all its neighbouring states with <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Highway (India)">National Highways</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3></div> <p>Manipur has one operational railway station, <a href="/wiki/Jiribam_railway_station" title="Jiribam railway station">Jiribam</a>. <a href="/wiki/Imphal_railway_station" title="Imphal railway station">Imphal railway station</a>, is an under-construction railway station in <a href="/wiki/Imphal" title="Imphal">Imphal</a>, the capital of Manipur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Art_and_culture">Art and culture <span class="anchor" id="Art"></span><span class="anchor" id="Arts"></span><span class="anchor" id="Culture"></span><span class="anchor" id="Art_and_Culture"></span><span class="anchor" id="Tradition"></span><span class="anchor" id="Traditions"></span></h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Art_and_culture_of_Manipur" class="mw-redirect" title="Art and culture of Manipur">Art and culture of Manipur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Art_forms_of_Manipur" class="mw-redirect" title="Art forms of Manipur">Art forms of Manipur</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Meitei_architecture" title="Meitei architecture">Meitei architecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meitei_culture" title="Meitei culture">Meitei culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meitei_dances" class="mw-redirect" title="Meitei dances">Meitei dances</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meitei_mythology" title="Meitei mythology">Meitei mythology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meitei_festivals" title="Meitei festivals">Meitei festivals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meitei_folklore" title="Meitei folklore">Meitei folklore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meitei_folktales" title="Meitei folktales">Meitei folktales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meitei_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Meitei religion">Meitei religion</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Meitei_literature" title="Meitei literature">Meitei literature</a></div> <p>Secular theatre is mostly confined to themes that are not religious; it is performed in the secular or profane spheres. In these are <i>Shumang lila</i> and <i>Phampak lila</i> (stage drama). <i>Shumang lila</i> is very popular. Etymologically Shumang lila is the combination of "Shumang" (courtyard) and "<a href="/wiki/Lila_(given_name)" title="Lila (given name)">Lila</a>" (play or performance). It is performed in an area of 13×13 ft in the centre of any open space, in a very simple style without a raised stage, set design, or heavy props such as curtains, background scenery, and visual effects. It uses one table and two chairs, kept on one side of the performance space. Its claim as the "theatre of the masses" is underlined by the way it is performed in the middle of an audience that surrounds it, leaving one passage as entrance and exit.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The world of <i>Phampak lila</i> (stage drama) performed in the proscenium theatre is similar, in form, to the Western theatrical model and Indian <a href="/wiki/Natyasastra" class="mw-redirect" title="Natyasastra">Natyasastra</a> model though its contents are indigenous. The so-called modern theatre descended on Manipur theatre culture with the performance of Pravas Milan (1902) under the enthusiastic patronage of <a href="/wiki/Maharaja_Churchand_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharaja Churchand Singh">Sir Churchand Maharaj</a> (1891–1941). The pace of theatrical movement was geared up with the institution of groups such as <a href="/wiki/Manipur_Dramatic_Union" title="Manipur Dramatic Union">Manipur Dramatic Union</a> (MDU) (1930), Arian Theatre (1935), Chitrangada Natya Mandir (1936), Society Theatre (1937), Rupmahal (1942), Cosmopolitan Dramatic Union (1968), and the Chorus Repertory Theatre of <a href="/wiki/Ratan_Thiyam" title="Ratan Thiyam">Ratan Thiyam</a> (1976).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> These groups started experimenting with types of plays apart from historical and <a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranic</a> ones. Today Manipur theatre is well respected because of excellent productions shown in India and abroad. Manipur plays, both <i>Shumang lila</i> and <i>stage lila</i>, have been a regular feature in the annual festival of the <a href="/wiki/National_School_of_Drama" title="National School of Drama">National School of Drama</a>, New Delhi.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Krishna_Consciousness" title="International Society for Krishna Consciousness">Iskcon</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Bhaktisvarupa_Damodar_Swami" title="Bhaktisvarupa Damodar Swami">Bhaktisvarupa Damodara Swami</a> started a network of schools in Northeastern India, where more than 4,000 students receive education centred on Vaishnava spiritual values. In 1989 he founded "Ranganiketan Manipuri Cultural Arts Troupe", which has approximately 600 performances at over 300 venues in over 15 countries. Ranganiketan (literally "House of Colorful Arts") is a group of more than 20 dancers, musicians, singers, martial artists, choreographers, and craft artisans.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Some of them have received international acclaim. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="font-size:88%; line-height:130%; border-bottom:1px #aaa solid;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Manipuri_Dancer_in_traditional_Krishna_attire.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Manipuri dance, one of eight the classical dances of India"><img alt="Manipuri dance, one of eight the classical dances of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/A_Manipuri_Dancer_in_traditional_Krishna_attire.jpg/202px-A_Manipuri_Dancer_in_traditional_Krishna_attire.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/A_Manipuri_Dancer_in_traditional_Krishna_attire.jpg/304px-A_Manipuri_Dancer_in_traditional_Krishna_attire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/A_Manipuri_Dancer_in_traditional_Krishna_attire.jpg/405px-A_Manipuri_Dancer_in_traditional_Krishna_attire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Manipuri_dance" title="Manipuri dance">Manipuri dance</a>, one of eight the classical dances of India</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thang-Ta.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thang Ta, the martial art form of Manipur"><img alt="Thang Ta, the martial art form of Manipur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Thang-Ta.jpg/180px-Thang-Ta.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Thang-Ta.jpg/270px-Thang-Ta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Thang-Ta.jpg/360px-Thang-Ta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Thang_Ta" class="mw-redirect" title="Thang Ta">Thang Ta</a>, the martial art form of Manipur</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 144.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 142.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%22PENA%22_a_musical_instrument.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pena is an ancient Manipur musical instrument, particularly popular among the Meitei people."><img alt="Pena is an ancient Manipur musical instrument, particularly popular among the Meitei people." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/%22PENA%22_a_musical_instrument.jpg/214px-%22PENA%22_a_musical_instrument.jpg" decoding="async" width="143" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/%22PENA%22_a_musical_instrument.jpg/321px-%22PENA%22_a_musical_instrument.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/%22PENA%22_a_musical_instrument.jpg/427px-%22PENA%22_a_musical_instrument.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1824" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Pena_(musical_instrument)" title="Pena (musical instrument)">Pena</a></i> is an ancient Manipur musical instrument, particularly popular among the <a href="/wiki/Meitei_people" title="Meitei people">Meitei people</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chorus_Repertory_Theater.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Chorus Repertory Theatre, Imphal, founded by Ratan Thiyam"><img alt="The Chorus Repertory Theatre, Imphal, founded by Ratan Thiyam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Chorus_Repertory_Theater.jpg/360px-Chorus_Repertory_Theater.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Chorus_Repertory_Theater.jpg/540px-Chorus_Repertory_Theater.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Chorus_Repertory_Theater.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Chorus Repertory Theatre, <a href="/wiki/Imphal" title="Imphal">Imphal</a>, founded by <a href="/wiki/Ratan_Thiyam" title="Ratan Thiyam">Ratan Thiyam</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manipur_dance_(Ras_Lila)"><span id="Manipur_dance_.28Ras_Lila.29"></span>Manipur dance (Ras Lila)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Manipuri_dance" title="Manipuri dance">Manipuri dance</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Shrine_at_Chorus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/The_Shrine_at_Chorus.jpg/220px-The_Shrine_at_Chorus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/The_Shrine_at_Chorus.jpg/330px-The_Shrine_at_Chorus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/The_Shrine_at_Chorus.jpg/440px-The_Shrine_at_Chorus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>The Shrine – the main theatre</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Manipur_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Manipur dance">Manipuri dance</a> also known as Jagoi,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey2004177_162-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey2004177-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is one of the major <a href="/wiki/Classical_Indian_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Indian dance">Indian classical dance forms</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200483–84,_the_other_major_classical_Indian_dances_are:_Bharatanatyam,_Kathak,_Odissi,_Kathakali,_Kuchipudi,_Cchau,_Satriya,_Yaksagana_and_Bhagavata_Mela_163-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200483–84,_the_other_major_classical_Indian_dances_are:_Bharatanatyam,_Kathak,_Odissi,_Kathakali,_Kuchipudi,_Cchau,_Satriya,_Yaksagana_and_Bhagavata_Mela-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> named after the state of Manipur.<sup id="cite_ref-lochtefeld420_164-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lochtefeld420-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey2004177–187_165-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey2004177–187-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is particularly known for its Hindu <a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a> themes, and exquisite performances of love-inspired dance drama of Radha-Krishna called <a href="/wiki/Raslila" title="Raslila">Raslila</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lochtefeld420_164-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lochtefeld420-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey2004177_162-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey2004177-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi1990175–180_166-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi1990175–180-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the dance is also performed to themes related to <a href="/wiki/Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaivism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism">Shaktism</a> and regional deities such as Umang Lai during <a href="/wiki/Lai_Haraoba" title="Lai Haraoba">Lai Haraoba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey2004177–180_167-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey2004177–180-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The roots of Manipur dance, as with all classical Indian dances, is the ancient <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> Sanskrit text <i><a href="/wiki/Natya_Shastra" title="Natya Shastra">Natya Shastra</a></i>, but with influences from the culture fusion between India and Southeast Asia, East Asia, Siberia, Micronesia and Polynesia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaryu_Doshi1989xv–xviii_169-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaryu_Doshi1989xv–xviii-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chorus_Repertory_Theatre">Chorus Repertory Theatre</h3></div> <p>The auditorium of the theatre is on the outskirts of Imphal and the campus stretches for about 2 acres (8,100 m<sup>2</sup>). It has housing and working quarters to accommodate self-sufficiency of life. The theatre association has churned out internationally acclaimed plays like <i><a href="/wiki/Chakravyuha" title="Chakravyuha">Chakravyuha</a></i> and <i>Uttarpriyadashi</i>. Its 25 years of existence in theatre had disciplined its performers to a world of excellence. <i><a href="/wiki/Chakravyuha" title="Chakravyuha">Chakravyuha</a></i> taken from the Mahabharat epic had won Fringe Firsts Award, 1987 at the Edinburgh International Theater Festival. <i><a href="/wiki/Chakravyuha" title="Chakravyuha">Chakravyuha</a></i> deals with the story of <a href="/wiki/Abhimanyu" title="Abhimanyu">Abhimanyu</a> (son of Arjun) of his last battle and approaching death, whereas <i>Uttarpriyadashi</i> is an 80-minute exposition of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ashoka" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Ashoka">Emperor Ashoka</a>'s redemption.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Manipur" title="Sports in Manipur">Sports in Manipur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khong_kangjei" title="Khong kangjei">Khong kangjei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mukna" title="Mukna">Mukna</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Polo" title="Polo">Polo</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%89%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A1_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1_%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9C_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%9D.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%89%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A1_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1_%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9C_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%9D.jpg/300px-%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%89%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A1_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1_%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9C_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%9D.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%89%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A1_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1_%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9C_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%9D.jpg/450px-%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%89%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A1_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1_%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9C_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%9D.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%89%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A1_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1_%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9C_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%9D.jpg/600px-%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%89%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A1_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1_%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9C_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%9D.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2250" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marjing_Polo_Statue" title="Marjing Polo Statue">Marjing Polo Statue</a>, the world's tallest polo player statue, standing inside the <a href="/wiki/Marjing_Polo_Complex" title="Marjing Polo Complex">Marjing Polo Complex</a>, dedicated to God <a href="/wiki/Marjing" title="Marjing">Marjing</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Meitei_deity" class="mw-redirect" title="Meitei deity">Meitei deity</a> of <a href="/wiki/Polo" title="Polo">polo</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Heingang_Ching" title="Heingang Ching">Heingang Ching</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Mukna" title="Mukna">Mukna</a> is a popular form of wrestling.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mukna Kangjei, or <i>Khong Kangjei</i>, is a game which combines the arts of <a href="/wiki/Mukna" title="Mukna">mukna</a> (wrestling hockey) and <a href="/wiki/Khong_kangjei" title="Khong kangjei">Kangjei</a> (Cane Stick) to play the ball made of seasoned <a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">bamboo</a> roots.<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ksl826_172-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ksl826-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Yubi_lakpi" title="Yubi lakpi">Yubi lakpi</a> is a traditional full contact game played in Manipur, India, using a coconut, which has some notable similarities to <a href="/wiki/Rugby_football" title="Rugby football">rugby</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ksl826_172-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ksl826-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Yubi lakpi</i> literally means "coconut snatching". The coconut is greased to make it slippery. There are rules of the game, as with all Manipur sports.<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coconut serves the purpose of a ball and is offered to the king, the chief guest or the judges before the game begins. The aim is to run while carrying the greased coconut and physically cross over the goal line, while the other team tackles and blocks any such attempt as well as tries to grab the coconut and score on its own. In Manipur's long history, Yubi lakpi was the annual official game, attended by the king, over the Hindu festival of Shree Govindajee.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is like the game of <a href="/wiki/Rugby_sevens" title="Rugby sevens">rugby</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or American football.<sup id="cite_ref-ksl825830_176-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ksl825830-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Oolaobi (Woo-Laobi) is an outdoor game mainly played by females. Meitei mythology believes that UmangLai Heloi-Taret (seven deities–seven fairies) played this game on the Courtyard of the temple of Umang Lai Lairembi. The number of participants is not fixed but are divided into two groups (size as per agreement). Players are divided as into Raiders (Attackers) or Defenders (Avoiders).<sup id="cite_ref-ksl826_172-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ksl826-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Hiyang_Tannaba" title="Hiyang Tannaba">Hiyang Tannaba</a></i>, also called <i>Hi Yangba Tanaba</i>, is a traditional boat rowing race and festivity of the Panas.<sup id="cite_ref-ksl826_172-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ksl826-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polo">Polo</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Manipur_Polo_Players_1875.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Manipur_Polo_Players_1875.jpg/200px-Manipur_Polo_Players_1875.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Manipur_Polo_Players_1875.jpg/300px-Manipur_Polo_Players_1875.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Manipur_Polo_Players_1875.jpg/400px-Manipur_Polo_Players_1875.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3063" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Full_gallop_polo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Full_gallop_polo.jpg/200px-Full_gallop_polo.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Full_gallop_polo.jpg/300px-Full_gallop_polo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Full_gallop_polo.jpg/400px-Full_gallop_polo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The rules-based Polo game in 19th century Manipur (above), and modern Polo in the 21st century.</div></div></div></div> <p>The origin of modern polo can be traced to Manipur where the world's oldest polo ground lies, <a href="/wiki/Imphal_Polo_Ground" title="Imphal Polo Ground">Imphal Polo Ground</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Captain Robert Stewart and Lieutenant Joseph Sherer<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the British colonial era first watched locals play a rules-based <i>pulu</i> or <i>sagolkangjei</i> (literally, horse and stick) game in 1859. They adopted its rules, calling the game polo, and playing it on their horses. The game spread among the British in Calcutta and then to England.<sup id="cite_ref-nam.ac.uk_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nam.ac.uk-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Manipur,_Cradle_of_the_Modern_Game_180-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manipur,_Cradle_of_the_Modern_Game-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apart from these games, some outdoor children's games are fading in popularity. Some games such as Khutlokpi, Phibul Thomba, and Chaphu Thugaibi remain very popular elsewhere, such as in <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>. They are played especially during the Khmer New Year.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>First of its kind in India, National Sports University will be constructed in Manipur.<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Festivals">Festivals</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lai_haraoba_manipur.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Lai_haraoba_manipur.JPG/220px-Lai_haraoba_manipur.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Lai_haraoba_manipur.JPG/330px-Lai_haraoba_manipur.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Lai_haraoba_manipur.JPG/440px-Lai_haraoba_manipur.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Lai_Haraoba" title="Lai Haraoba">Lai Haraoba</a>, a dance festival showcases the folk dances of Manipur.</figcaption></figure> <p>The festivals of Manipur are Lui-ngai-ni <a href="/wiki/Ningol_Chakouba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ningol Chakouba">Ningol Chakouba</a>, Shirui Lily festival, <a href="/wiki/Yaoshang" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaoshang">Yaoshang</a>, Gan-ngai, Chumpha, <a href="/wiki/Sajibu_Nongma_Panba" title="Sajibu Nongma Panba">Cheiraoba</a>, Kang and <a href="/wiki/Heikru_Hidongba" title="Heikru Hidongba">Heikru Hidongba</a>, as well as the broader religious festivals <a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr" title="Eid al-Fitr">Eid-Ul-Fitr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Adha" title="Eid al-Adha">Eid-Ul-Adha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a>. Most of these festivals are celebrated on the basis of the lunar calendar. Almost every festival celebrated in other states of India is observed. </p><p>On 21 November 2017, the Sangai Festival 2017 was inaugurated by President <a href="/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind">Ram Nath Kovind</a> in Manipur. Held for 10 days, the festival is named after Manipur's state animal, the brow-antlered Sangai deer. The Sangai Festival showcases the tourism potential of Manipur in the field of arts and culture, handloom, handicrafts, indigenous sports, cuisine, music and adventure sports. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sangai_festival">Sangai festival</h3></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Sangai_Festival" title="Sangai Festival">Sangai Festival</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sangai_Festival&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sangai_Deer_Replica_in_Manipur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Sangai_Deer_Replica_in_Manipur.jpg/220px-Sangai_Deer_Replica_in_Manipur.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Sangai_Deer_Replica_in_Manipur.jpg/330px-Sangai_Deer_Replica_in_Manipur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Sangai_Deer_Replica_in_Manipur.jpg/440px-Sangai_Deer_Replica_in_Manipur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sangai" title="Sangai">Sangai</a> Deer Replica at Sangai Festival Manipur</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_President,_Shri_Ram_Nath_Kovind_at_the_inaugural_event_of_%E2%80%98Manipur_Sangai_Festival_2017%E2%80%99_at_Hapta_Kangjeibung,_at_Imphal,_in_Manipur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/The_President%2C_Shri_Ram_Nath_Kovind_at_the_inaugural_event_of_%E2%80%98Manipur_Sangai_Festival_2017%E2%80%99_at_Hapta_Kangjeibung%2C_at_Imphal%2C_in_Manipur.jpg/220px-The_President%2C_Shri_Ram_Nath_Kovind_at_the_inaugural_event_of_%E2%80%98Manipur_Sangai_Festival_2017%E2%80%99_at_Hapta_Kangjeibung%2C_at_Imphal%2C_in_Manipur.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/The_President%2C_Shri_Ram_Nath_Kovind_at_the_inaugural_event_of_%E2%80%98Manipur_Sangai_Festival_2017%E2%80%99_at_Hapta_Kangjeibung%2C_at_Imphal%2C_in_Manipur.jpg/330px-The_President%2C_Shri_Ram_Nath_Kovind_at_the_inaugural_event_of_%E2%80%98Manipur_Sangai_Festival_2017%E2%80%99_at_Hapta_Kangjeibung%2C_at_Imphal%2C_in_Manipur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/The_President%2C_Shri_Ram_Nath_Kovind_at_the_inaugural_event_of_%E2%80%98Manipur_Sangai_Festival_2017%E2%80%99_at_Hapta_Kangjeibung%2C_at_Imphal%2C_in_Manipur.jpg/440px-The_President%2C_Shri_Ram_Nath_Kovind_at_the_inaugural_event_of_%E2%80%98Manipur_Sangai_Festival_2017%E2%80%99_at_Hapta_Kangjeibung%2C_at_Imphal%2C_in_Manipur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1464" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind">Ram Nath Kovind</a> at the inaugural event of ‘Manipur Sangai Festival 2017’ </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Prime_Minister,_Shri_Narendra_Modi_addressing_at_the_closing_function_of_Manipur_Sangai_Festival-2014,_in_Imphal_on_November_30,_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_addressing_at_the_closing_function_of_Manipur_Sangai_Festival-2014%2C_in_Imphal_on_November_30%2C_2014.jpg/220px-The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_addressing_at_the_closing_function_of_Manipur_Sangai_Festival-2014%2C_in_Imphal_on_November_30%2C_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_addressing_at_the_closing_function_of_Manipur_Sangai_Festival-2014%2C_in_Imphal_on_November_30%2C_2014.jpg/330px-The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_addressing_at_the_closing_function_of_Manipur_Sangai_Festival-2014%2C_in_Imphal_on_November_30%2C_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_addressing_at_the_closing_function_of_Manipur_Sangai_Festival-2014%2C_in_Imphal_on_November_30%2C_2014.jpg/440px-The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_addressing_at_the_closing_function_of_Manipur_Sangai_Festival-2014%2C_in_Imphal_on_November_30%2C_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1296" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> giving an address at the closing function of the Sangai Festival, 2014</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Sangai_Festival" title="Sangai Festival">Sangai Festival</a> (<a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei</a>: <i lang="mni">Sangai Kumhei</i>) is an annual <a href="/wiki/Cultural" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural">cultural</a> festival organised by Manipur Tourism Department every year from 21 to 30 November.<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even though many editions of this Festival has been celebrated over the past few years with the name of <i>Tourism Festival</i>, since 2010 this has been renamed as the <i>Sangai Festival</i> to stage the uniqueness of the shy and gentle brow-antlered deer popularly known as the <a href="/wiki/Sangai" title="Sangai">Sangai</a>, a regional name given to this rare species of deer. It is the state animal of Manipur. As this festival is being celebrated to promote Manipur as a world class tourism destination, it showcases the states contributions to art and culture, <a href="/wiki/Handloom" class="mw-redirect" title="Handloom">handloom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Handicraft" title="Handicraft">handicrafts</a>, fine arts, indigenous sports, <a href="/wiki/Cuisine" title="Cuisine">cuisine</a>, music and adventure sports, as well as the natural environment.<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is celebrated in different parts mainly in the valley areas of imphal. Many tourists come from all over the world and represent their craft making. Many people have also started to talk about the way Sangai festival is celebrated. They say that it should be celebrated only in one place with a proper arrangement and with big budget so that this festival grows more bigger and unique and spread all over the world.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ningol_Chakouba">Ningol Chakouba</h3></div> <p>Held on 9 November,<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this is a social festival of the <a href="/wiki/Meitei_people" title="Meitei people">Meitei people</a> of Manipur where married women (Ningol) are invited (Chakouba, literally calling to a meal; for dinner or lunch) to a feast at their parental house accompanied by their children. Besides the feast, gifts are given to the women/invitees and to their children. It is the festival that binds and revives the family relations between the women married away and the parental family. Nowadays, other communities have started celebrating this kind of a family-bonding festival. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kut">Kut</h3></div> <p>Held after the Harvest festival in November,<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this festival predominantly celebrated by Kuki-Chin-Mizo tribes in Manipur has become one of the leading festivals of the state. Kut is not restricted to a community or tribe — the whole state populace participates in merriment. On 1 November of every year, the state declared holiday for Kut celebration. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yaosang">Yaosang</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Yaosang" title="Yaosang">Yaosang</a></div> <p>Held in February or March,<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yaosang is considered to be one of the biggest festivals of Manipur. It is the Holi festival (festival of colour) but Yaosang is the regional name given by the people of Manipur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Khuado_Pawi">Khuado Pawi</h3></div> <p>Khuado Pawi is the harvest festival of the <a href="/wiki/Tedim_people" title="Tedim people">Tedim people</a> who were recognised as <a href="/wiki/Sukte_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sukte people">Sukte</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Zomi">Zomi</a> in India and <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> respectively. The word Pawi means <a href="/wiki/Festival" title="Festival">festival</a> in Tedim Zomi language. It is celebrated every year in the month of September–October after harvesting.<sup id="cite_ref-archive.tongsan.org_189-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archive.tongsan.org-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cheirao_Ching_Kaba,_a_traditional_Meitei_annual_mountain_climbing_cultural_event,_performed_as_a_part_of_the_celebration_of_Cheiraoba_(traditional_Meitei_new_year),_in_the_Cheirao_Ching_summit_in_Kangleipak_(Manipur).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Cheirao_Ching_Kaba%2C_a_traditional_Meitei_annual_mountain_climbing_cultural_event%2C_performed_as_a_part_of_the_celebration_of_Cheiraoba_%28traditional_Meitei_new_year%29%2C_in_the_Cheirao_Ching_summit_in_Kangleipak_%28Manipur%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Cheirao_Ching_Kaba%2C_a_traditional_Meitei_annual_mountain_climbing_cultural_event%2C_performed_as_a_part_of_the_celebration_of_Cheiraoba_%28traditional_Meitei_new_year%29%2C_in_the_Cheirao_Ching_summit_in_Kangleipak_%28Manipur%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Cheirao_Ching_Kaba%2C_a_traditional_Meitei_annual_mountain_climbing_cultural_event%2C_performed_as_a_part_of_the_celebration_of_Cheiraoba_%28traditional_Meitei_new_year%29%2C_in_the_Cheirao_Ching_summit_in_Kangleipak_%28Manipur%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Cheiraoba is a celebration of the new year during the spring season. People feast (top), then climb up a hill together later in the day to signify overcoming hurdles and reaching new heights in the new year.<sup id="cite_ref-ksl825830_176-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ksl825830-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cheiraoba">Cheiraoba</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sajibu_Nongma_Panba" title="Sajibu Nongma Panba">Sajibu Nongma Panba</a></div> <p>Also known as Sajibugi Nongma Panba and held in March or April, <i>Cheiraoba</i> is the new year of Manipur.<sup id="cite_ref-ksl825830_176-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ksl825830-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is observed on the first lunar day of the lunar month <i>Sajibu</i> (March/April) and so it is also popularly known as <i>Sajibu Cheiraoba</i>. People of Manipur immaculate and decorate their houses and make a sumptuous variety of dishes to feast upon after offering food to the deity on this day. After the feast, as a part of the ritual, people climb hilltops; in the belief that it would excel them to greater heights in their worldly life.<sup id="cite_ref-ksl825830_176-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ksl825830-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Meitei_people" title="List of Meitei people">List of Meitei people</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Naga_people" title="List of Naga people">List of Naga people</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Naga_politicians" title="List of Naga politicians">List of Naga politicians</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Meitei_people" title="List of Meitei people">List of Meitei people</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Kom" title="Mary Kom">Mary Kom</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/48px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/64px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_abuses_in_Manipur" title="Human rights abuses in Manipur">Human rights abuses in Manipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Manipur" title="Outline of Manipur">Outline of Manipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourist_Attractions_in_Manipur" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourist Attractions in Manipur">Tourist Attractions in Manipur</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Kangleipak</i> is a popular historical as well as present day endonym of Manipur. In the 18th century, the <a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei language</a> term <i>Kangleipak</i> was replaced by the Sanskrit term <i>Manipur</i>, but the name <i>Kangleipak</i> is still a popular endonym of the land in Meitei (officially known as Manipuri), the sole official language of Manipur.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Old Kuki tribes retaining the Kuki classification include: Aimol, Chiru, Kom, Koireng, Kharam, and Ralte. The tribes under the Naga umbrella include: Anal, Chothe, Koirao, Lamkang, Maring, Moyon, Monsang, Purum and Tarao.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thenortheastaffairs.com/sana-leibak-manipur-adopted-as-state-song-by-cabinet/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Sana Leibak Manipur' adopted as State Song by Cabinet"</a>. 12 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Sana+Leibak+Manipur%27+adopted+as+State+Song+by+Cabinet&rft.date=2021-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthenortheastaffairs.com%2Fsana-leibak-manipur-adopted-as-state-song-by-cabinet%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanerjee1958" class="citation journal cs1">Banerjee, S. K. (1958). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/42748891?searchText=Manipur+State+Constitution+Act+1947&searchUri=/action/doBasicSearch?Query=Manipur+State+Constitution+Act+1947&so=rel&ab_segments=0/basic_search_gsv2/control&refreqid=fastly-default:b601decccc9845bed4bfd24cf88fc7b4">"Manipur State Constitution Act, 1947"</a>. <i>The Indian Journal of Political Science</i>. <b>19</b> (1): 35–38. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0019-5510">0019-5510</a>. <q>Manipur became independent with the lapse of paramountcy. Later, Manipur merged with India in 1949</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Journal+of+Political+Science&rft.atitle=Manipur+State+Constitution+Act%2C+1947&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=35-38&rft.date=1958&rft.issn=0019-5510&rft.aulast=Banerjee&rft.aufirst=S.+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F42748891%3FsearchText%3DManipur%2BState%2BConstitution%2BAct%2B1947%26searchUri%3D%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3DManipur%2BState%2BConstitution%2BAct%2B1947%26so%3Drel%26ab_segments%3D0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol%26refreqid%3Dfastly-default%3Ab601decccc9845bed4bfd24cf88fc7b4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeviSinghDevi2019" class="citation journal cs1">Devi, Dr S. Jayalaxmi; Singh, Dr W. Dhiren; Devi, Dr Th Mina (23 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thinkindiaquarterly.org/index.php/think-india/article/view/15437">"Bir Tikendrajit Singh: The Unsung Hero Of Northeast India"</a>. <i>Think India Journal</i>. <b>22</b> (14): 9683–9690. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-1260">0971-1260</a>. <q>Manipur had enjoyed sovereign status until it was occupied by the British in 1891</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Think+India+Journal&rft.atitle=Bir+Tikendrajit+Singh%3A+The+Unsung+Hero+Of+Northeast+India&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=14&rft.pages=9683-9690&rft.date=2019-12-23&rft.issn=0971-1260&rft.aulast=Devi&rft.aufirst=Dr+S.+Jayalaxmi&rft.au=Singh%2C+Dr+W.+Dhiren&rft.au=Devi%2C+Dr+Th+Mina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthinkindiaquarterly.org%2Findex.php%2Fthink-india%2Farticle%2Fview%2F15437&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanjabam2008" class="citation journal cs1">Hanjabam, Shukhdeba Sharma (1 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10308-007-0167-6">"The Meitei upsurge in Manipur"</a>. <i>Asia Europe Journal</i>. <b>6</b> (1): 157–169. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10308-007-0167-6">10.1007/s10308-007-0167-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1612-1031">1612-1031</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asia+Europe+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Meitei+upsurge+in+Manipur&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=157-169&rft.date=2008-04-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10308-007-0167-6&rft.issn=1612-1031&rft.aulast=Hanjabam&rft.aufirst=Shukhdeba+Sharma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs10308-007-0167-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSubramanian2015" class="citation book cs1">Subramanian, K. S. (5 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3OSoCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA31"><i>State, Policy and Conflicts in Northeast India</i></a>. Routledge & CRC Press. pp. 31–32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-39651-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-39651-2"><bdi>978-1-317-39651-2</bdi></a>. <q>With the lapse of British paramountcy in 1947, the state reverted to its pre-1891 autonomy...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=State%2C+Policy+and+Conflicts+in+Northeast+India&rft.pages=31-32&rft.pub=Routledge+%26+CRC+Press&rft.date=2015-10-05&rft.isbn=978-1-317-39651-2&rft.aulast=Subramanian&rft.aufirst=K.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3OSoCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSINHA1987" class="citation journal cs1">SINHA, L. P. (1987). "The Politics and Government of Manipur". <i>The Indian Journal of Political Science</i>. <b>48</b> (4): 487–493. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0019-5510">0019-5510</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41855332">41855332</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Journal+of+Political+Science&rft.atitle=The+Politics+and+Government+of+Manipur&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=487-493&rft.date=1987&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41855332%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0019-5510&rft.aulast=SINHA&rft.aufirst=L.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/biren-singh-manipur-chief-minister/1/904413.html">BJP leader Biren Singh sworn in as Manipur Chief Minister</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170315121302/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/biren-singh-manipur-chief-minister/1/904413.html">Archived</a> 15 March 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, India Today (15 March 2017)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census2011Abstract-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census2011Abstract_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408052329/https://censusindia.gov.in/pca/DDW_PCA0000_2011_Indiastatedist.xlsx">"Primary Census Abstract Data Tables (India & States/UTs - District Level)"</a>. Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/pca/DDW_PCA0000_2011_Indiastatedist.xlsx">the original</a> on 8 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Primary+Census+Abstract+Data+Tables+%28India+%26+States%2FUTs+-+District+Level%29&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Registrar+General+and+Census+Commissioner+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2Fpca%2FDDW_PCA0000_2011_Indiastatedist.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census2011.co.in-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census2011.co.in_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.census2011.co.in/census/state/manipur.html">"Manipur Population Sex Ratio in Manipur Literacy rate data"</a>. <i>census2011.co.in</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=census2011.co.in&rft.atitle=Manipur+Population+Sex+Ratio+in+Manipur+Literacy+rate+data&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census2011.co.in%2Fcensus%2Fstate%2Fmanipur.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/?interpolation=0&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0">"Sub-national HDI - Subnational HDI - Global Data Lab"</a>. <i>globaldatalab.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=globaldatalab.org&rft.atitle=Sub-national+HDI+-+Subnational+HDI+-+Global+Data+Lab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobaldatalab.org%2Fshdi%2Fshdi%2F%3Finterpolation%3D0%26extrapolation%3D0%26nearest_real%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nfdb.gov.in/PDF/Fish%20&%20Fisheries%20of%20India/2.State%20Fishes%20of%20India.pdf">"State Fishes of India"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. National Fisheries Development Board, Government of India<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=State+Fishes+of+India&rft.pub=National+Fisheries+Development+Board%2C+Government+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnfdb.gov.in%2FPDF%2FFish%2520%26%2520Fisheries%2520of%2520India%2F2.State%2520Fishes%2520of%2520India.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210516231153/https://www.lexico.com/definition/Manipur">"Manipur"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/Manipur">the original</a> on 16 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Manipur&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2FManipur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Manipur">"Manipur"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Manipur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FManipur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sanajaoba_pa89-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sanajaoba_pa89_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sanajaoba_pa89_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanajaoba1988" class="citation book cs1">Sanajaoba, Naorem (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-CzSQKVmveUC&dq=kangleipak&pg=PA89"><i>Manipur, Past and Present: The Heritage and Ordeals of a Civilization</i></a>. Mittal Publications. p. 89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7099-853-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7099-853-2"><bdi>978-81-7099-853-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manipur%2C+Past+and+Present%3A+The+Heritage+and+Ordeals+of+a+Civilization&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=Mittal+Publications&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-81-7099-853-2&rft.aulast=Sanajaoba&rft.aufirst=Naorem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-CzSQKVmveUC%26dq%3Dkangleipak%26pg%3DPA89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yamahata_pa242-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Yamahata_pa242_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYamahata2022" class="citation book cs1">Yamahata, Chosein (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z1piEAAAQBAJ&dq=kangleipak&pg=PA242"><i>Social Transformations in India, Myanmar, and Thailand: Identity and Grassroots for Democratic Progress</i></a>. Springer Nature. p. 242. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-16-7110-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-16-7110-4"><bdi>978-981-16-7110-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+Transformations+in+India%2C+Myanmar%2C+and+Thailand%3A+Identity+and+Grassroots+for+Democratic+Progress&rft.pages=242&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-981-16-7110-4&rft.aulast=Yamahata&rft.aufirst=Chosein&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ1piEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dkangleipak%26pg%3DPA242&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sahoo_pa121-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sahoo_pa121_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSahoo2021" class="citation book cs1">Sahoo, Ajaya K. (30 March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7xsfEAAAQBAJ&q=kangleipak+an+indigenous+and+historical+terminology+of+Manipur&pg=PA121"><i>Routledge Handbook of Asian Diaspora and Development</i></a>. Routledge. p. 121. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-000-36686-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-000-36686-0"><bdi>978-1-000-36686-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Routledge+Handbook+of+Asian+Diaspora+and+Development&rft.pages=121&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2021-03-30&rft.isbn=978-1-000-36686-0&rft.aulast=Sahoo&rft.aufirst=Ajaya+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7xsfEAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dkangleipak%2Ban%2Bindigenous%2Band%2Bhistorical%2Bterminology%2Bof%2BManipur%26pg%3DPA121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Manipur: Treatise & Documents</i>, Volume 1, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8170993995" title="Special:BookSources/978-8170993995">978-8170993995</a>, Introduction</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Manipuri-language">"Manipuri language"</a>. <i>Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Manipuri+language&rft.btitle=Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FManipuri-language&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Naorem Sanajaoba (editor), <i>Manipur, Past and Present: The Heritage and Ordeals of a Civilization</i>, Volume 4, Chapter 1: NK Singh, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8170998532" title="Special:BookSources/978-8170998532">978-8170998532</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Naorem Sanajaoba (editor), <i>Manipur, Past and Present: The Heritage and Ordeals of a Civilization</i>, Volume 4, Chapter 4: K Murari, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8170998532" title="Special:BookSources/978-8170998532">978-8170998532</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.Trade_connection_of_Manipur_with_Southeast_Asia_in_Pre_British_period_Part_2_By_Budha_Kamei">"Trade connection of Manipur with Southeast Asia in Pre British period Part 2 by Budha Kamei"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trade+connection+of+Manipur+with+Southeast+Asia+in+Pre+British+period+Part+2+by+Budha+Kamei&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fe-pao.net%2FepSubPageExtractor.asp%3Fsrc%3Dmanipur.History_of_Manipur.Trade_connection_of_Manipur_with_Southeast_Asia_in_Pre_British_period_Part_2_By_Budha_Kamei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Naorem Sanajaoba (Editor), <i>Manipur, Past and Present: The Heritage and Ordeals of a Civilization</i>, Volume 4, Chapter 2: NT Singh, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8170998532" title="Special:BookSources/978-8170998532">978-8170998532</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="#CITEREFSanatomba,_Interrogation_into_the_political_status_of_Manipur2015">Sanatomba, Interrogation into the political status of Manipur (2015)</a>, pp. 172–193: "Furthermore, Section 9(b) of the Manipur State Constitution Act, 1947, would certainly dispel any doubt about the titular status of the Maharaja, which was expressedly stated thus: ‘The Maharaja means His Highness, the Maharaja of Manipur, the constitutional head of the state.’ The Maharaja in his capacity as the constitutional ruler could not execute the Instrument without proper authorisation and constitutional endorsement. This was simply on account of the fact that he was not a sovereign ruler and that Manipur was not a sovereign state then. Therefore, the act of signing the Instrument of Accession on 11 August 1947 by the Maharaja could not be considered an Act of the State. Hence, the Instrument was deemed null and void right from the moment it was executed... For example, the Indian Dominion had never existed on or before 11 August 1947. Being so, it can be aptly said that the Maharaja acceded to a political non-entity. Therefore, it can be claimed that the Instrument was never executed in actuality. It was simply pre-judicial to execute the Instrument between two political entities which were yet to be born."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanerjee1958" class="citation journal cs1">Banerjee, S. K. (1958). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/42748891">"Manipur State Constitution Act, 1947"</a>. <i>The Indian Journal of Political Science</i>. <b>19</b> (1): 35–38. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0019-5510">0019-5510</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/42748891">42748891</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Journal+of+Political+Science&rft.atitle=Manipur+State+Constitution+Act%2C+1947&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=35-38&rft.date=1958&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F42748891%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0019-5510&rft.aulast=Banerjee&rft.aufirst=S.+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F42748891&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhomdom2018" class="citation news cs1">Khomdom, Lisam (5 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Human_Rights_Legal.Manipur_State_Constitution_Act_1947_Part_3_By_Khomdon_Lisam">"Manipur State Constitution Act-1947 A Cure for all myriads of ailments in Manipur ?"</a>. <i>E- Pao</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=E-+Pao&rft.atitle=Manipur+State+Constitution+Act-1947+A+Cure+for+all+myriads+of+ailments+in+Manipur+%3F&rft.date=2018-07-05&rft.aulast=Khomdom&rft.aufirst=Lisam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fe-pao.net%2FepSubPageExtractor.asp%3Fsrc%3Deducation.Human_Rights_Legal.Manipur_State_Constitution_Act_1947_Part_3_By_Khomdon_Lisam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCIRCA,_Why_Pre-Merger_Political_Status_for_Manipur2018" class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oKZoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA26"><i>Why Pre-Merger Political Status for Manipur: Under the Framework of the Instrument of Accession, 1947</i></a>, Research and Media Cell, CIRCA, 2018, p. 26, GGKEY:8XLWSW77KUZ</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Why+Pre-Merger+Political+Status+for+Manipur%3A+Under+the+Framework+of+the+Instrument+of+Accession%2C+1947&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Research+and+Media+Cell%2C+CIRCA&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoKZoDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="#CITEREFSudhirkumar_Singh,_Socio-religious_and_Political_Movements2011">Sudhirkumar Singh, Socio-religious and Political Movements 2011</a>, Chapter 6, p. 139</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="#CITEREFSanatomba,_Interrogating_into_the_Political_Status2015">Sanatomba, Interrogating into the Political Status (2015)</a>, p. 210: "The Maharaja refused to sign the Merger Agreement without consulting his Council of Ministers and conveyed his desire to return to Manipur to obtain the approval of the people. Rejecting such a reasonable proposal, Nari Rustomji, Advisor to the Governor of Assam, suggested that the Maharaja might as well finalise the merger issue during that current visit only.. (Singh 1988: 106)"<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvp error: no target: CITEREFSanatomba,_Interrogating_into_the_Political_Status2015 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkoijam2001" class="citation journal cs1">Akoijam, A. Bimol (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4410908">"How History Repeats Itself"</a>. <i>Economic and Political Weekly</i>. <b>36</b> (30): 2807–2812. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0012-9976">0012-9976</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4410908">4410908</a>. <q>When maharaja Bodhchandra resisted the move to merge Manipur with the Indian union saying that he was only a constitutional monarch and he needed to consult his elected members of the state assembly, the representatives of the union government informed him that the GoI did not recognise the assembly</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+and+Political+Weekly&rft.atitle=How+History+Repeats+Itself&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=30&rft.pages=2807-2812&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4410908%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0012-9976&rft.aulast=Akoijam&rft.aufirst=A.+Bimol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4410908&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhanjoubam2015" class="citation book cs1">Phanjoubam, Pradip (14 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OxStCwAAQBAJ&dq=manipur+merger+agreement+controversy&pg=PA205"><i>The Northeast Question: Conflicts and frontiers</i></a>. Routledge. pp. 204–207. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-34004-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-34004-1"><bdi>978-1-317-34004-1</bdi></a>. <q>after six days of 'per-suasion', made to sign the Merger Agreement, thereby formally merging Manipur with the Union of India. Repeated pleas by the king that it was his desire to ultimately sign the agreement, but he be first allowed to go home and consult his assembly was turned down...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Northeast+Question%3A+Conflicts+and+frontiers&rft.pages=204-207&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015-12-14&rft.isbn=978-1-317-34004-1&rft.aulast=Phanjoubam&rft.aufirst=Pradip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOxStCwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dmanipur%2Bmerger%2Bagreement%2Bcontroversy%26pg%3DPA205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdrija2023" class="citation news cs1">Adrija, Roychowdhury (26 August 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/research/how-manipur-merged-with-india-from-a-constitutional-monarchy-to-part-c-state-8888978/">"How Manipur merged with India: From a constitutional monarchy to Part C state"</a>. <i>The Indian Express</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=How+Manipur+merged+with+India%3A+From+a+constitutional+monarchy+to+Part+C+state&rft.date=2023-08-26&rft.aulast=Adrija&rft.aufirst=Roychowdhury&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fresearch%2Fhow-manipur-merged-with-india-from-a-constitutional-monarchy-to-part-c-state-8888978%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> U. B. Singh, <i>India Fiscal Federalism in Indian Union</i> (2003), p. 135</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFK.R._DikshitJutta_K_Dikshit2013" class="citation book cs1">K.R. Dikshit; Jutta K Dikshit (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iorHBAAAQBAJ"><i>North-East India: Land, People and Economy</i></a>. Springer Science. p. 56. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-007-7055-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-94-007-7055-3"><bdi>978-94-007-7055-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=North-East+India%3A+Land%2C+People+and+Economy&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=Springer+Science&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-94-007-7055-3&rft.au=K.R.+Dikshit&rft.au=Jutta+K+Dikshit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiorHBAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalpana_KannabiranRanbir_Singh2008" class="citation book cs1">Kalpana Kannabiran; Ranbir Singh (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yreGAwAAQBAJ"><i>Challenging The Rules(s) of Law</i></a>. SAGE Publications. p. 264. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-321-0027-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-321-0027-0"><bdi>978-81-321-0027-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Challenging+The+Rules%28s%29+of+Law&rft.pages=264&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-81-321-0027-0&rft.au=Kalpana+Kannabiran&rft.au=Ranbir+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyreGAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hrwm-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hrwm_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hrwm_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hrwm_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hrwm_36-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hrwm_36-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/reports/2008/india0908/2.htm">"Background: Conflict in Manipur"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924180321/http://www.hrw.org/reports/2008/india0908/2.htm">Archived</a> 24 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Human Rights Watch (2008)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-satp9413-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-satp9413_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-satp9413_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/database/indiafatalities.htm">State wise Indian fatalities, 1994-2013</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140715000520/http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/database/indiafatalities.htm">Archived</a> 15 July 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Militancy and Terrorism Database, SATP, New Delhi</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Khomdan_Singh_Lisam_pp_322-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Khomdan_Singh_Lisam_pp_322_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Khomdan_Singh_Lisam_pp_322_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Khomdan Singh Lisam, <i>Encyclopaedia Of Manipur</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8178358642" title="Special:BookSources/978-8178358642">978-8178358642</a>, pp. 322–347</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-censusindia.gov.in-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-censusindia.gov.in_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/ST.html">"Census of India Website: Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+India+Website%3A+Office+of+the+Registrar+General+%26+Census+Commissioner%2C+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2FPCA%2FST.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census2011-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census2011_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2011_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150825155850/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS">"Population by religion community - 2011"</a>. <i>Census of India, 2011</i>. The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS">the original</a> on 25 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census+of+India%2C+2011&rft.atitle=Population+by+religion+community+-+2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2FC-01%2FDDW00C-01%2520MDDS.XLS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hueiyenlanpao.com-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hueiyenlanpao.com_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hueiyenlanpao.com/page/items/34799/religious-landscape-in-manipur">"Hueiyen Lanpao | Official Website Manipur Daily"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hueiyen+Lanpao+%26%23124%3B+Official+Website+Manipur+Daily&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hueiyenlanpao.com%2Fpage%2Fitems%2F34799%2Freligious-landscape-in-manipur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/christian-population-on-the-rise-in-arunachal-pradesh-manipur/story-8Go2uITu2BLFJ547MPwohM.html">"Christian population on the rise in Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur"</a>. <i>Hindustan Times</i>. 8 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=Christian+population+on+the+rise+in+Arunachal+Pradesh%2C+Manipur&rft.date=2017-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Findia-news%2Fchristian-population-on-the-rise-in-arunachal-pradesh-manipur%2Fstory-8Go2uITu2BLFJ547MPwohM.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-manipuraai-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-manipuraai_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-manipuraai_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://investinmanipur.nic.in/gp_transportation.htm">"Transportation of Manipur"</a>. <i>investinmanipur.nic.in</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=investinmanipur.nic.in&rft.atitle=Transportation+of+Manipur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finvestinmanipur.nic.in%2Fgp_transportation.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey2004177–184-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey2004177–184_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReginald_Massey2004">Reginald Massey 2004</a>, pp. 177–184.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nam.ac.uk-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nam.ac.uk_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nam.ac.uk_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nam.ac.uk/online-collection/detail.php?acc=1999-12-145-1">Lieutenant (later Major General) Joseph Ford Sherer, Assistant to the Superintendent of Cachar, with his bearers, Manipur, 1861</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141003051550/http://www.nam.ac.uk/online-collection/detail.php?acc=1999-12-145-1">Archived</a> 3 October 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> National Army Museum, United Kingdom; <i>Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research</i>, Volume 82, Issues 337–340, page 238</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoniSanatomba2015" class="citation book cs1">Noni, Arambam; Sanatomba, Kangujam (16 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OzjbCgAAQBAJ"><i>Colonialism and Resistance: Society and State in Manipur</i></a>. Routledge. p. 234. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-27066-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-27066-9"><bdi>978-1-317-27066-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colonialism+and+Resistance%3A+Society+and+State+in+Manipur&rft.pages=234&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015-10-16&rft.isbn=978-1-317-27066-9&rft.aulast=Noni&rft.aufirst=Arambam&rft.au=Sanatomba%2C+Kangujam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOzjbCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sanajaoba1988-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sanajaoba1988_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaorem_Sanajaoba1988" class="citation book cs1">Naorem Sanajaoba (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-CzSQKVmveUC"><i>Manipur, Past and Present: The Heritage and Ordeals of a Civilization</i></a>. Mittal Publications. pp. 31–32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7099-853-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7099-853-2"><bdi>978-81-7099-853-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manipur%2C+Past+and+Present%3A+The+Heritage+and+Ordeals+of+a+Civilization&rft.pages=31-32&rft.pub=Mittal+Publications&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-81-7099-853-2&rft.au=Naorem+Sanajaoba&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-CzSQKVmveUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Gangmumei Kabui, <i>History of Manipur</i>, National Publishing House, Delhi, 1991.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=leisure.EI.Sana_Leibak_Manipur_By_Free_Thinker#:~:text=Nehru%20called%20us%20the%20Jewel,land%20of%20gold.">"Sana Leibak Manipur By Free Thinker"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sana+Leibak+Manipur+By+Free+Thinker&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-pao.net%2FepSubPageExtractor.asp%3Fsrc%3Dleisure.EI.Sana_Leibak_Manipur_By_Free_Thinker%23%3A~%3Atext%3DNehru%2520called%2520us%2520the%2520Jewel%2Cland%2520of%2520gold.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFGogoi1956">Gogoi 1956</a>:133)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFLuceHtway1976">Luce & Htway 1976</a>:214)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vbl-154-155-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vbl-154-155_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lieberman 2003: 154–155</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sanajaoba1988p3-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sanajaoba1988p3_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://themanipurpage.tripod.com/history/puwarimeitei.html"><i>A Brief History (Puwari) of the Meiteis of Manipur</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+%28Puwari%29+of+the+Meiteis+of+Manipur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthemanipurpage.tripod.com%2Fhistory%2Fpuwarimeitei.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sanajaoba1988p13-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sanajaoba1988p13_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sanajaoba1988p13_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaorem_Sanajaoba1988" class="citation book cs1">Naorem Sanajaoba (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-CzSQKVmveUC"><i>Manipur, Past and Present: The Heritage and Ordeals of a Civilization</i></a>. Mittal Publications. pp. 12–14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7099-853-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7099-853-2"><bdi>978-81-7099-853-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manipur%2C+Past+and+Present%3A+The+Heritage+and+Ordeals+of+a+Civilization&rft.pages=12-14&rft.pub=Mittal+Publications&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-81-7099-853-2&rft.au=Naorem+Sanajaoba&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-CzSQKVmveUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sanajaoba1988p15-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sanajaoba1988p15_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaorem_Sanajaoba1988" class="citation book cs1">Naorem Sanajaoba (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-CzSQKVmveUC"><i>Manipur, Past and Present: The Heritage and Ordeals of a Civilization</i></a>. Mittal Publications. pp. 15–18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7099-853-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7099-853-2"><bdi>978-81-7099-853-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manipur%2C+Past+and+Present%3A+The+Heritage+and+Ordeals+of+a+Civilization&rft.pages=15-18&rft.pub=Mittal+Publications&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-81-7099-853-2&rft.au=Naorem+Sanajaoba&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-CzSQKVmveUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFN._Lokendra1998" class="citation book cs1">N. Lokendra (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6FXEEd2muZoC"><i>The Unquiet Valley: Society, Economy, and Politics of Manipur (1891-1950)</i></a>. Mittal Publications. pp. 36–38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7099-696-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7099-696-5"><bdi>978-81-7099-696-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Unquiet+Valley%3A+Society%2C+Economy%2C+and+Politics+of+Manipur+%281891-1950%29&rft.pages=36-38&rft.pub=Mittal+Publications&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-81-7099-696-5&rft.au=N.+Lokendra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6FXEEd2muZoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatoch2016" class="citation book cs1">Katoch, Hemant Singh (2 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=91OpCwAAQBAJ&dq=battle+of+Imphal&pg=PP1"><i>The Battlefields of Imphal: The Second World War and North East India</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-27402-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-27402-5"><bdi>978-1-317-27402-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battlefields+of+Imphal%3A+The+Second+World+War+and+North+East+India&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016-03-02&rft.isbn=978-1-317-27402-5&rft.aulast=Katoch&rft.aufirst=Hemant+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D91OpCwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dbattle%2Bof%2BImphal%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/10-photos-of-the-battles-of-imphal-and-kohima">"10 Photos of the Battles of Imphal and Kohima"</a>. <i>Imperial War Museums</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imperial+War+Museums&rft.atitle=10+Photos+of+the+Battles+of+Imphal+and+Kohima&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwm.org.uk%2Fhistory%2F10-photos-of-the-battles-of-imphal-and-kohima&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrahorn2021" class="citation cs2">Strahorn, Eric A. (2021), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429455353-34/south-asia-world-war-ii-eric-strahorn">"South Asia in World War II"</a>, <i>The Routledge History of the Second World War</i>, Routledge, pp. 428–444, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780429455353-34">10.4324/9780429455353-34</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-429-45535-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-429-45535-3"><bdi>978-0-429-45535-3</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:239167171">239167171</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Routledge+History+of+the+Second+World+War&rft.atitle=South+Asia+in+World+War+II&rft.pages=428-444&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A239167171%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9780429455353-34&rft.isbn=978-0-429-45535-3&rft.aulast=Strahorn&rft.aufirst=Eric+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taylorfrancis.com%2Fchapters%2Fedit%2F10.4324%2F9780429455353-34%2Fsouth-asia-world-war-ii-eric-strahorn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson1989" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Bruce G. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/1880/21888"><i>The Role of intelligence at the Battle of Imphal-Kohima, March - July 1944</i></a>. Thesis (M.A.)--University of Calgary. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1880%2F21888">1880/21888</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-315-61764-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-315-61764-3"><bdi>978-0-315-61764-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Role+of+intelligence+at+the+Battle+of+Imphal-Kohima%2C+March+-+July+1944&rft.pub=Thesis+%28M.A.%29--University+of+Calgary&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1880%2F21888&rft.isbn=978-0-315-61764-3&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Bruce+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F1880%2F21888&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESudhirkumar_Singh,_Socio-religious_and_Political_Movements2011116,_118-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESudhirkumar_Singh,_Socio-religious_and_Political_Movements2011116,_118_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSudhirkumar_Singh,_Socio-religious_and_Political_Movements2011">Sudhirkumar Singh, Socio-religious and Political Movements (2011)</a>, pp. 116, 118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ibochou_Singh-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ibochou_Singh_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIbochou_Singh1985" class="citation thesis cs1">Ibochou Singh, Khwairakpam (1985). <i>British administration in Manipur 1891–1947</i> (Thesis). Guwahati University/Shodhganga. pp. 224–225. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10603%2F66697">10603/66697</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=British+administration+in+Manipur+1891%E2%80%931947&rft.inst=Guwahati+University%2FShodhganga&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10603%2F66697&rft.aulast=Ibochou+Singh&rft.aufirst=Khwairakpam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThoiba_Singh1984" class="citation thesis cs1">Thoiba Singh, Wakambam (1984). <i>Meetei Polity – A study of the socio-economic and political changes among the Meeteis from 1750 to 1950</i> (Thesis). Guwahati University/Shodhganga. p. 233 (Chapter 5). <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10603%2F69732">10603/69732</a></span>. <q>The Governor of Assam having conveyed the message of the Cabinet Mission to the Maharaja of Manipur, the latter announced the appointment of a constitution making committee to draft the future constitution of Manipur.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Meetei+Polity+%E2%80%93+A+study+of+the+socio-economic+and+political+changes+among+the+Meeteis+from+1750+to+1950&rft.inst=Guwahati+University%2FShodhganga&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10603%2F69732&rft.aulast=Thoiba+Singh&rft.aufirst=Wakambam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManimohan_Singh1991" class="citation cs2">Manimohan Singh, Karam (1991), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofchristi0000sing/page/415/mode/2up">"Constitutional Reforms in Manipur and Its Impact on the Christians"</a>, <i>History of Christian Missions in Manipur</i>, Mittal PUblications, pp. 415–416 – via archive.org</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Constitutional+Reforms+in+Manipur+and+Its+Impact+on+the+Christians&rft.btitle=History+of+Christian+Missions+in+Manipur&rft.pages=415-416&rft.pub=Mittal+PUblications&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Manimohan+Singh&rft.aufirst=Karam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofchristi0000sing%2Fpage%2F415%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIndrakumar,_Colonialism_and_Movement_for_Democracy2015" class="citation cs2">Indrakumar, Konthoujam (2015), "Colonialism and Movement for Democracy in Manipur", in Arambam Noni; Kangujam Sanatomba (eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OzjbCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA61"><i>Colonialism and Resistance: Society and State in Manipur</i></a>, Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 61–69, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315638317">10.4324/9781315638317</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-003-04589-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-003-04589-2"><bdi>978-1-003-04589-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Colonialism+and+Movement+for+Democracy+in+Manipur&rft.btitle=Colonialism+and+Resistance%3A+Society+and+State+in+Manipur&rft.place=Abingdon&rft.pages=61-69&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781315638317&rft.isbn=978-1-003-04589-2&rft.aulast=Indrakumar&rft.aufirst=Konthoujam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOzjbCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (May 2024)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESudhirkumar_Singh,_Socio-religious_and_Political_Movements2011116,_118_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESudhirkumar_Singh,_Socio-religious_and_Political_Movements2011116,_118-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ibochou_Singh_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ibochou_Singh-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESudhirkumar_Singh,_Socio-religious_and_Political_Movements2011130–131-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESudhirkumar_Singh,_Socio-religious_and_Political_Movements2011130–131_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSudhirkumar_Singh,_Socio-religious_and_Political_Movements2011">Sudhirkumar Singh, Socio-religious and Political Movements (2011)</a>, pp. 130–131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETarapot,_Bleeding_Manipur2003172-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETarapot,_Bleeding_Manipur2003172_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTarapot,_Bleeding_Manipur2003">Tarapot, Bleeding Manipur (2003)</a>, p. 172.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChoudhury2016" class="citation cs2">Choudhury, Sanghamitra (2016), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=72yFCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA35"><i>Women and Conflict in India</i></a>, Routledge, pp. 35–36, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-55362-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-55362-5"><bdi>978-1-317-55362-5</bdi></a>, <q>The elections were held and the new government was formed in Manipur, but it was not responsible to the legislature; Instead, it was only responsive to the legislature, which was a technicality devised by the constitutional experts of Maharaja.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+and+Conflict+in+India&rft.pages=35-36&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-317-55362-5&rft.aulast=Choudhury&rft.aufirst=Sanghamitra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D72yFCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="#CITEREFFurber,_The_Unification_of_India1951">Furber, The Unification of India (1951)</a>, p. 357: "... in July and August 1947 all of the princely states within the geographical orbit of India as distinct from that of Pakistan (except Hyderabad, Kashmir and Junagadh) "acceded" to India in accordance with the procedure laid down in the [Government of] India Act of 1935 as adapted and amended by the Government of the new Dominion of India. The important states "acceded" only with respect to defence, external affairs and communications as defined in List I of Schedule VII of the [Government of] India Act of 1935."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCIRCA,_Why_Pre-Merger_Political_Status_for_Manipur2018" class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oKZoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA26"><i>Why Pre-Merger Political Status for Manipur: Under the Framework of the Instrument of Accession, 1947</i></a>, Research and Media Cell, CIRCA, 2018, p. 26, GGKEY:8XLWSW77KUZ, <q>Before the controversial merger, both Manipur and India were bound by the Instrument of Accession (IOA) which the King of Manipur signed on 11 August 1947. The IOA was accepted by the Governor General of India Lord Mountbatten on 16 August 1947 vide Home Department, Government of India file no A-1/1/1947. Subsequently, the Manipur State Council approved the IOA in its meeting held on 22 August 1947 Vide Memo No. 383 PTI Reference Council Minutes Part I of 11-8-1947. The execution of the Instrument of Accession was published in the Manipur State Gazette on 27 August 1947.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Why+Pre-Merger+Political+Status+for+Manipur%3A+Under+the+Framework+of+the+Instrument+of+Accession%2C+1947&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Research+and+Media+Cell%2C+CIRCA&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoKZoDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="#CITEREFSudhirkumar_Singh,_Socio-religious_and_Political_Movements2011">Sudhirkumar Singh, Socio-religious and Political Movements (2011)</a>, chapter 6, p. 139: "The Dominion of India once again successfully convinced the Maharaja of Manipur to sign the Instrument of Accession along with the Governor General of India on 11 August 1947 on the promise of protecting the internal authority, autonomy and welfare of the state."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESanatomba,_Interrogation_into_the_political_status_of_Manipur2015169-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanatomba,_Interrogation_into_the_political_status_of_Manipur2015169_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSanatomba,_Interrogation_into_the_political_status_of_Manipur2015">Sanatomba, Interrogation into the political status of Manipur (2015)</a>, p. 169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETarapot,_Bleeding_Manipur2003173-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETarapot,_Bleeding_Manipur2003173_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTarapot,_Bleeding_Manipur2003">Tarapot, Bleeding Manipur (2003)</a>, p. 173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParratt,_Wounded_Land2005103–104-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParratt,_Wounded_Land2005103–104_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParratt,_Wounded_Land2005">Parratt, Wounded Land (2005)</a>, pp. 103–104.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfnp error: no target: CITEREFParratt,_Wounded_Land2005 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="#CITEREFFurber,_The_Unification_of_India1951">Furber, The Unification of India (1951)</a>, pp. 366–367: 'Finally we must note the process whereby certain other princely states have become "centrally administered areas" with a constitutional status analogous to that of the former "Chief Commissioners' Provinces". This was done by having the rulers execute merger agreements in almost precisely the same terms as those executed by rulers whose states were merged in provinces... The princely states which have thus become "centrally administered areas" at the dates below specified are: ... (6) Manipur, September 1949;... Himachal Pradesh, Kutch, Tripura, and Manipur are all on the international borders of India. For Tripura and Manipur, direct administration from New Delhi was desirable for strategic reasons;...'</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRustomji1971" class="citation cs2">Rustomji, Nari (1971), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/enchantedfrontie0000rust"><i>Enchanted Frontiers</i></a>, Oxford University Press, p. 109 – via archive.org</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Enchanted+Frontiers&rft.pages=109&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Rustomji&rft.aufirst=Nari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fenchantedfrontie0000rust&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPradip_Phanjoubam" class="citation web cs1">Pradip Phanjoubam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraphindia.com/opinion/why-it-matters-how-manipur-became-a-state-of-india/cid/1684958">"Why it matters how Manipur became a state"</a>. <i>www.telegraphindia.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.telegraphindia.com&rft.atitle=Why+it+matters+how+Manipur+became+a+state&rft.au=Pradip+Phanjoubam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2Fopinion%2Fwhy-it-matters-how-manipur-became-a-state-of-india%2Fcid%2F1684958&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sinha-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sinha_79-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sinha_79-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sinha_79-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sinha_79-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinha1987" class="citation cs2">Sinha, L. P. (1987), "The Politics and Government of Manipur", <i>The Indian Journal of Political Science</i>, <b>48</b> (4): 488, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41855332">41855332</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Journal+of+Political+Science&rft.atitle=The+Politics+and+Government+of+Manipur&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=488&rft.date=1987&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41855332%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Sinha&rft.aufirst=L.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKumar,_Union_Territories199144–45-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKumar,_Union_Territories199144–45_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKumar,_Union_Territories1991">Kumar, Union Territories (1991)</a>, pp. 44–45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKumar,_Union_Territories199149–53-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKumar,_Union_Territories199149–53_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKumar,_Union_Territories1991">Kumar, Union Territories (1991)</a>, pp. 49–53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiacode.nic.in/acts-in-pdf/392012.pdf">"Indiacode - Acts"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indiacode+-+Acts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findiacode.nic.in%2Facts-in-pdf%2F392012.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/node/8786297">"The mayhem in Manipur"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714195539/http://www.economist.com/node/8786297">Archived</a> 14 July 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>The Economist</i> (1 March 2007)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/node/8797972">"Manipur, India - A safe house for dangerous men"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714203339/http://www.economist.com/node/8797972">Archived</a> 14 July 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>The Economist</i> (9 March 2007)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_85-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_85-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/reports/2008/india0908/2.htm">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"These Fellows Must Be Eliminated": Relentless Violence and Impunity in Manipur: II. Background: Conflict in Manipur"</a>. <i>www.hrw.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.hrw.org&rft.atitle=%22These+Fellows+Must+Be+Eliminated%22%3A+Relentless+Violence+and+Impunity+in+Manipur%3A+II.+Background%3A+Conflict+in+Manipur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Freports%2F2008%2Findia0908%2F2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McDuie-Ra, Duncan. 2016. <i>Borderland city in new India: Frontier to gateway</i> (pp. 15, 17–19). Amsterdam University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-37007494">"Irom Sharmila: World's longest hunger strike ends"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 9 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Irom+Sharmila%3A+World%27s+longest+hunger+strike+ends&rft.date=2016-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-india-37007494&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/09/indian-campaigner-irom-chanu-sharmila-end-16-year-hunger-strike">"Indian hunger striker Irom Chanu Sharmila to end 16-year fast"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/TheGuardian.com" class="mw-redirect" title="TheGuardian.com">TheGuardian.com</a></i>. 9 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheGuardian.com&rft.atitle=Indian+hunger+striker+Irom+Chanu+Sharmila+to+end+16-year+fast&rft.date=2016-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Faug%2F09%2Findian-campaigner-irom-chanu-sharmila-end-16-year-hunger-strike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McDuie-Ra, Duncan. 2016. <i>Borderland City in New India: Frontier to Gateway</i>, Amsterdam University Press, p. 18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMukhim2023" class="citation news cs1">Mukhim, Patricia (22 July 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2023/7/22/can-manipur-ever-trust-india-again">"Can Manipur ever trust India again?"</a>. <i>Al Jazeera</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Can+Manipur+ever+trust+India+again%3F&rft.date=2023-07-22&rft.aulast=Mukhim&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fopinions%2F2023%2F7%2F22%2Fcan-manipur-ever-trust-india-again&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/manipur/manipur-violence-deaths-houses-burnt-police-8941007/">"Manipur violence: 175 deaths so far, 4,786 houses burnt, say police"</a>. <i>The Indian Express</i>. 15 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Manipur+violence%3A+175+deaths+so+far%2C+4%2C786+houses+burnt%2C+say+police&rft.date=2023-09-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fnorth-east-india%2Fmanipur%2Fmanipur-violence-deaths-houses-burnt-police-8941007%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesnownews.com/india/175-killed-4786-homes-set-ablaze-manipur-police-data-sheds-light-on-scale-of-conflict-article-103683991">"175 Killed, 4,786 Homes Set Ablaze: Manipur Police Data Sheds Light On Scale Of Conflict"</a>. <i>TimesNow</i>. 15 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TimesNow&rft.atitle=175+Killed%2C+4%2C786+Homes+Set+Ablaze%3A+Manipur+Police+Data+Sheds+Light+On+Scale+Of+Conflict&rft.date=2023-09-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesnownews.com%2Findia%2F175-killed-4786-homes-set-ablaze-manipur-police-data-sheds-light-on-scale-of-conflict-article-103683991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thewire.in/government/manipur-death-toll-violence-missing-arms">"Police Updates Statistics on Manipur Violence: 175 Officially Dead, 96 Bodies Yet Unclaimed"</a>. <i>The Wire</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wire&rft.atitle=Police+Updates+Statistics+on+Manipur+Violence%3A+175+Officially+Dead%2C+96+Bodies+Yet+Unclaimed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthewire.in%2Fgovernment%2Fmanipur-death-toll-violence-missing-arms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarooquiSehgal" class="citation news cs1">Farooqui, Sania; Sehgal, Kunal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2023/05/07/india/manipur-ethnic-violence-over-50-dead-india-intl-hnk/index.html">"Over 50 dead, hundreds hospitalized and 23,000 displaced by ethnic violence in India's Manipur"</a>. CNN.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Over+50+dead%2C+hundreds+hospitalized+and+23%2C000+displaced+by+ethnic+violence+in+India%27s+Manipur&rft.aulast=Farooqui&rft.aufirst=Sania&rft.au=Sehgal%2C+Kunal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2023%2F05%2F07%2Findia%2Fmanipur-ethnic-violence-over-50-dead-india-intl-hnk%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMollan2023" class="citation news cs1">Mollan, Cherylann (20 July 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-66253389">"Manipur: India outrage after women paraded naked in violence-hit state"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Manipur%3A+India+outrage+after+women+paraded+naked+in+violence-hit+state&rft.date=2023-07-20&rft.aulast=Mollan&rft.aufirst=Cherylann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-india-66253389&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllis-PetersenHassan2023" class="citation news cs1">Ellis-Petersen, Hannah; Hassan, Aakash (22 July 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/22/video-of-women-attacked-in-manipur-breaks-silence-on-systematic-gang-rapes-in-india">"Video of women attacked in Manipur breaks silence on systematic gang rapes in India"</a>. <i>The Observer</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0029-7712">0029-7712</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Observer&rft.atitle=Video+of+women+attacked+in+Manipur+breaks+silence+on+systematic+gang+rapes+in+India&rft.date=2023-07-22&rft.issn=0029-7712&rft.aulast=Ellis-Petersen&rft.aufirst=Hannah&rft.au=Hassan%2C+Aakash&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2Fjul%2F22%2Fvideo-of-women-attacked-in-manipur-breaks-silence-on-systematic-gang-rapes-in-india&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thewire.in/government/manipur-death-toll-violence-missing-arms">"Police Updates Statistics on Manipur Violence: 175 Officially Dead, 96 Bodies Yet Unclaimed"</a>. <i>The Wire</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wire&rft.atitle=Police+Updates+Statistics+on+Manipur+Violence%3A+175+Officially+Dead%2C+96+Bodies+Yet+Unclaimed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthewire.in%2Fgovernment%2Fmanipur-death-toll-violence-missing-arms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-www.e-pao.net-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-www.e-pao.net_98-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-www.e-pao.net_98-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-www.e-pao.net_98-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-www.e-pao.net_98-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Scientific_Papers.fate_of_loktak_lake">"fate of loktak lake"</a>. <i>e-pao.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=e-pao.net&rft.atitle=fate+of+loktak+lake&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-pao.net%2FepSubPageExtractor.asp%3Fsrc%3Deducation.Scientific_Papers.fate_of_loktak_lake&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA406961.pdf">"South Asia - A Climatological Study Volume II: Continental South Asia"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=South+Asia+-+A+Climatological+Study+Volume+II%3A+Continental+South+Asia&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapps.dtic.mil%2Fsti%2Ftr%2Fpdf%2FADA406961.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_100-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_100-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Manipur">"Manipur | History, Government, Map, Capital, & Facts | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i>. 6 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Manipur+%7C+History%2C+Government%2C+Map%2C+Capital%2C+%26+Facts+%7C+Britannica&rft.date=2024-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FManipur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.manenvis.nic.in/stateprofile1.pdf">Haokip, Shri Ngamthang (2007) "Basine Delineation Map of Manipur"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090326174634/http://www.manenvis.nic.in/stateprofile1.pdf">Archived</a> 26 March 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Profile on State of Environment Report of Manipur, 2006–07</i>, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Manipur, p. 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Manipur" class="citation news cs1">Government of Manipur. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110626213235/http://manipur.nic.in/planning/DraftMSDR/Draft_SDR_pdf/Chapter%207_Irrigation.pdf">"Irrigation And Water Management"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.manipur.nic.in/planning/DraftMSDR/Draft_SDR_pdf/Chapter%207_irrigation.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 26 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Irrigation+And+Water+Management&rft.au=Government+of+Manipur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.manipur.nic.in%2Fplanning%2FDraftMSDR%2FDraft_SDR_pdf%2FChapter%25207_irrigation.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCentre_for_Science_and_Environment_(India)" class="citation news cs1">Centre for Science and Environment (India). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/Solution/Water-Arithmetic.htm">"The Arithmetic of Water in India"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Arithmetic+of+Water+in+India&rft.au=Centre+for+Science+and+Environment+%28India%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rainwaterharvesting.org%2FSolution%2FWater-Arithmetic.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_104-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_104-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKshetrimayumLaishram2020" class="citation journal cs1">Kshetrimayum, K. S.; Laishram, Premananda (1 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352801X19303030">"Assessment of surface water and groundwater interaction using hydrogeology, hydrochemical and isotopic constituents in the Imphal river basin, Northeast India"</a>. <i>Groundwater for Sustainable Development</i>. <b>11</b>: 100391. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.gsd.2020.100391">10.1016/j.gsd.2020.100391</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2352-801X">2352-801X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Groundwater+for+Sustainable+Development&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+surface+water+and+groundwater+interaction+using+hydrogeology%2C+hydrochemical+and+isotopic+constituents+in+the+Imphal+river+basin%2C+Northeast+India&rft.volume=11&rft.pages=100391&rft.date=2020-10-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.gsd.2020.100391&rft.issn=2352-801X&rft.aulast=Kshetrimayum&rft.aufirst=K.+S.&rft.au=Laishram%2C+Premananda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS2352801X19303030&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDirector_of_Commerce_and_Industries,_Manipur" class="citation news cs1">Director of Commerce and Industries, Manipur. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://investinmanipur.nic.in/gp_soil.htm">"Soil and Climate of Manipur"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Soil+and+Climate+of+Manipur&rft.au=Director+of+Commerce+and+Industries%2C+Manipur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finvestinmanipur.nic.in%2Fgp_soil.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dcmsme.gov.in/old/dips/state_wise_dips/state%20profile%20of%20manipur.pdf">"State Profile of Manipur"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=State+Profile+of+Manipur&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdcmsme.gov.in%2Fold%2Fdips%2Fstate_wise_dips%2Fstate%2520profile%2520of%2520manipur.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_107-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_107-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://monitoring.manipurforest.gov.in/Main/AboutUs">"FOREST DEPARTMENT, GOVERNMENT OF MANIPUR"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FOREST+DEPARTMENT%2C+GOVERNMENT+OF+MANIPUR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmonitoring.manipurforest.gov.in%2FMain%2FAboutUs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSAMOM2019" class="citation web cs1">SAMOM, SOBHAPATI (31 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nenow.in/north-east-news/manipur-affected-by-changing-climate-say-scientists.html">"Manipur affected by changing climate, say scientists"</a>. <i>NorthEast Now</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NorthEast+Now&rft.atitle=Manipur+affected+by+changing+climate%2C+say+scientists&rft.date=2019-05-31&rft.aulast=SAMOM&rft.aufirst=SOBHAPATI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnenow.in%2Fnorth-east-news%2Fmanipur-affected-by-changing-climate-say-scientists.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/43347/download/47030/14%20A-2%20Manipur.pdf">"A-02: Decadal variation in population 1901-2011, Manipur"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>censusindia.gov.in</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=censusindia.gov.in&rft.atitle=A-02%3A+Decadal+variation+in+population+1901-2011%2C+Manipur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2Fnada%2Findex.php%2Fcatalog%2F43347%2Fdownload%2F47030%2F14%2520A-2%2520Manipur.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.census2011.co.in/census/state/manipur.html">"Manipur Population Census data 2011"</a>. Census 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Manipur+Population+Census+data+2011&rft.pub=Census+2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census2011.co.in%2Fcensus%2Fstate%2Fmanipur.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKom2015" class="citation journal cs1">Kom, Ch. Sekholal (June 2015). "Ethno-nationalism: Competing Micro-nationalist Dissents in Manipur". <i>Social Change</i>. <b>45</b> (2): 289–307. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0049085715574192">10.1177/0049085715574192</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0049-0857">0049-0857</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:147919896">147919896</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Change&rft.atitle=Ethno-nationalism%3A+Competing+Micro-nationalist+Dissents+in+Manipur&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=289-307&rft.date=2015-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A147919896%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0049-0857&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0049085715574192&rft.aulast=Kom&rft.aufirst=Ch.+Sekholal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeetei2014" class="citation journal cs1">Meetei, Nameirakpam Bijen (2014). "Ethnicity, Colonial Legacies, and Postindependence Issues of Identity Politics in North-East India". <i>Nationalism and Ethnic Politics</i>. <b>20</b>: 99–115. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13537113.2014.879768">10.1080/13537113.2014.879768</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144397292">144397292</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nationalism+and+Ethnic+Politics&rft.atitle=Ethnicity%2C+Colonial+Legacies%2C+and+Postindependence+Issues+of+Identity+Politics+in+North-East+India&rft.volume=20&rft.pages=99-115&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13537113.2014.879768&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144397292%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Meetei&rft.aufirst=Nameirakpam+Bijen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaishram2009" class="citation thesis cs1">Laishram, Ratankumar singh (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10603/103655/7/07_chapter%204.pdf">"United Naga Council (UNC)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/10603/103655"><i>A Historical study of the role and politics of civil society in Manipur</i></a> (Thesis). <a href="/wiki/Manipur_University" title="Manipur University">Manipur University</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10603%2F103655">10603/103655</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=A+Historical+study+of+the+role+and+politics+of+civil+society+in+Manipur&rft.inst=Manipur+University&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10603%2F103655&rft.aulast=Laishram&rft.aufirst=Ratankumar+singh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in%3A8080%2Fjspui%2Fbitstream%2F10603%2F103655%2F7%2F07_chapter%25204.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS._R._Tohring2010" class="citation book cs1">S. R. Tohring (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zlaIRKRspYQC"><i>Violence and identity in North-east India: Naga-Kuki conflict</i></a>. Mittal Publications. pp. xv–xvii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8324-344-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-8324-344-5"><bdi>978-81-8324-344-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Violence+and+identity+in+North-east+India%3A+Naga-Kuki+conflict&rft.pages=xv-xvii&rft.pub=Mittal+Publications&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-81-8324-344-5&rft.au=S.+R.+Tohring&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzlaIRKRspYQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/43013"><i>A-11 Appendix: District wise scheduled tribe population (Appendix), Manipur - 2011</i></a>, Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, Government of India, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A-11+Appendix%3A+District+wise+scheduled+tribe+population+%28Appendix%29%2C+Manipur+-+2011&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Registrar+General+%26+Census+Commissioner%2C+Government+of+India&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2Fnada%2Findex.php%2Fcatalog%2F43013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-language-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-language_117-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10213/download/13325/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1400.XLSX">"Table C-16 Population by mother tongue: Manipur"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Census_of_India" title="Census of India">Census of India</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Registrar_General_and_Census_Commissioner_of_India" title="Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India">Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India</a>. 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census+of+India&rft.atitle=Table+C-16+Population+by+mother+tongue%3A+Manipur&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2Fnada%2Findex.php%2Fcatalog%2F10213%2Fdownload%2F13325%2FDDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1400.XLSX&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-langoff-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-langoff_118-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120513161847/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM47thReport.pdf">"Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 47th report (July 2008 to June 2010)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Minority_Affairs" title="Ministry of Minority Affairs">Ministry of Minority Affairs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>. p. 78. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM47thReport.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+Commissioner+for+linguistic+minorities%3A+47th+report+%28July+2008+to+June+2010%29&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=Commissioner+for+Linguistic+Minorities%2C+Ministry+of+Minority+Affairs%2C+Government+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnclm.nic.in%2Fshared%2Flinkimages%2FNCLM47thReport.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Manipuri-language">"Manipuri language"</a>. <i>Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Manipuri+language&rft.btitle=Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FManipuri-language&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html">"Census of India Website: Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India"</a>. <i>censusindia.gov.in</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=censusindia.gov.in&rft.atitle=Census+of+India+Website%3A+Office+of+the+Registrar+General+%26+Census+Commissioner%2C+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2FC-16.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pothashang.in/2018/03/14/department-language-planning-implementation-trying-resolve-language-issues-state/">"Department of language planning and implementation trying to resolve all language issues in the state"</a>. <i>Pothashang News</i>. 14 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pothashang+News&rft.atitle=Department+of+language+planning+and+implementation+trying+to+resolve+all+language+issues+in+the+state&rft.date=2018-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pothashang.in%2F2018%2F03%2F14%2Fdepartment-language-planning-implementation-trying-resolve-language-issues-state%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-religion-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-religion_122-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-religion_122-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11383/download/14496/DDW14C-01%20MDDS.XLS">"Table C-01 Population by religious community: Manipur"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Census_of_India" title="Census of India">Census of India</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Registrar_General_and_Census_Commissioner_of_India" title="Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India">Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India</a>. 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census+of+India&rft.atitle=Table+C-01+Population+by+religious+community%3A+Manipur&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2Fnada%2Findex.php%2Fcatalog%2F11383%2Fdownload%2F14496%2FDDW14C-01%2520MDDS.XLS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/christian-population-on-the-rise-in-arunachal-pradesh-manipur/story-8Go2uITu2BLFJ547MPwohM.html">"Christian population on the rise in Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur"</a>. <i>Hindustan Times</i>. 8 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=Christian+population+on+the+rise+in+Arunachal+Pradesh%2C+Manipur&rft.date=2017-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Findia-news%2Fchristian-population-on-the-rise-in-arunachal-pradesh-manipur%2Fstory-8Go2uITu2BLFJ547MPwohM.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS._Bebita_Devi2013" class="citation thesis cs1">S. Bebita Devi (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/93320/11/11_chapter%204.pdf">"4"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Advent of a caste - the emergence and role of Brahmans in Manipuri society</i> (Thesis).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Advent+of+a+caste+-+the+emergence+and+role+of+Brahmans+in+Manipuri+society&rft.date=2013&rft.au=S.+Bebita+Devi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in%2Fbitstream%2F10603%2F93320%2F11%2F11_chapter%25204.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDevi_Rajkumari_Geetanjali2018" class="citation thesis cs1">Devi Rajkumari Geetanjali (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/249207"><i>The origin and development of Manipuri rasa dance Its nature philosophy and social relevance</i></a> (Thesis). <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10603%2F249207">10603/249207</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+origin+and+development+of+Manipuri+rasa+dance+Its+nature+philosophy+and+social+relevance&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10603%2F249207&rft.au=Devi+Rajkumari+Geetanjali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in%2Fhandle%2F10603%2F249207&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanajaoba1988" class="citation book cs1">Sanajaoba, Naorem (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-CzSQKVmveUC&pg=PA14"><i>Manipur, Past and Present: The Heritage and Ordeals of a Civilization</i></a>. Mittal Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788170998532" title="Special:BookSources/9788170998532"><bdi>9788170998532</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manipur%2C+Past+and+Present%3A+The+Heritage+and+Ordeals+of+a+Civilization&rft.pub=Mittal+Publications&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9788170998532&rft.aulast=Sanajaoba&rft.aufirst=Naorem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-CzSQKVmveUC%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sahapedia.org/the-vaishnava-temples-of-manipur-historical-study">"The Vaishnava Temples of Manipur: An Historical Study"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Vaishnava+Temples+of+Manipur%3A+An+Historical+Study&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sahapedia.org%2Fthe-vaishnava-temples-of-manipur-historical-study&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-censusindia1-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-censusindia1_128-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html">"Census of India: C-1 Population By Religious Community"</a>. <i>censusindia.gov.in</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=censusindia.gov.in&rft.atitle=Census+of+India%3A+C-1+Population+By+Religious+Community&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2FC-01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Ethnic_Races_Manipur.Evolution_of_clan_system_Manipuri_Muslim_1">"Evolution of clan system Manipuri Muslim 1"</a>. <i>e-pao.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=e-pao.net&rft.atitle=Evolution+of+clan+system+Manipuri+Muslim+1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-pao.net%2FepSubPageExtractor.asp%3Fsrc%3Dmanipur.Ethnic_Races_Manipur.Evolution_of_clan_system_Manipuri_Muslim_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lintner2015p113-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lintner2015p113_130-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBertil_Lintner2015" class="citation book cs1">Bertil Lintner (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0fLOBwAAQBAJ"><i>Great Game East: India, China, and the Struggle for Asia's Most Volatile Frontier</i></a>. Yale University Press. p. 113. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-19567-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-19567-5"><bdi>978-0-300-19567-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Great+Game+East%3A+India%2C+China%2C+and+the+Struggle+for+Asia%27s+Most+Volatile+Frontier&rft.pages=113&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-300-19567-5&rft.au=Bertil+Lintner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0fLOBwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/seat_in_legislativeassembilies.aspx">"State/UT wise Seats in the Assembly and their Reservation Status"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_India" title="Election Commission of India">Election Commission of India</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=State%2FUT+wise+Seats+in+the+Assembly+and+their+Reservation+Status&rft.pub=Election+Commission+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feci.nic.in%2Feci_main1%2Fseat_in_legislativeassembilies.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://manipur.gov.in">Manipur Government</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161022063244/http://manipur.gov.in/">Archived</a> 22 October 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Govt of India</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ceomanipur.nic.in/index.html">ECI Manipur</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170519143058/http://www.ceomanipur.nic.in/index.html">Archived</a> 19 May 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Govt of India</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/a-decade-of-starvation-for-irom-sharmila-2124608.html">"A decade of starvation for Irom Sharmila"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. 4 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=A+decade+of+starvation+for+Irom+Sharmila&rft.date=2010-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fa-decade-of-starvation-for-irom-sharmila-2124608.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh" class="citation news cs1">Singh, Vijaita. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Centre-inks-peace-accord-with-Naga-insurgent-outfit/article10293606.ece">"Centre inks peace accord with Naga insurgent outfit"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Centre+inks+peace+accord+with+Naga+insurgent+outfit&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Vijaita&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2FCentre-inks-peace-accord-with-Naga-insurgent-outfit%2Farticle10293606.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150424145258/http://www.kukination.net/">"仏壇修理・洗浄なら石川県羽咋市の宮本仏檀店"</a>. <i>kukination.net</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kukination.net">the original</a> on 24 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kukination.net&rft.atitle=%E4%BB%8F%E5%A3%87%E4%BF%AE%E7%90%86%E3%83%BB%E6%B4%97%E6%B5%84%E3%81%AA%E3%82%89%E7%9F%B3%E5%B7%9D%E7%9C%8C%E7%BE%BD%E5%92%8B%E5%B8%82%E3%81%AE%E5%AE%AE%E6%9C%AC%E4%BB%8F%E6%AA%80%E5%BA%97&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kukination.net&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-satp-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-satp_137-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/manipur/index.html">Manipur Assessment - Year 2014</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140704061223/http://satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/manipur/index.html">Archived</a> 4 July 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> SATP, New Delhi</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gede-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gede_138-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.genevadeclaration.org/fileadmin/docs/GBAV2/GBAV2011-Ch2-Summary.pdf">Global Burden of Armed Violence</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924021451/http://www.genevadeclaration.org/fileadmin/docs/GBAV2/GBAV2011-Ch2-Summary.pdf">Archived</a> 24 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Chapter 2, Geneva Declaration, Switzerland (2011)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pbplanning.gov.in/pdf/Statewise%20GSDP%20PCI%20and%20G.R.pdf">State wise : Population, GSDP, Per Capita Income and Growth Rate</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131111062118/http://pbplanning.gov.in/pdf/Statewise%20GSDP%20PCI%20and%20G.R.pdf">Archived</a> 11 November 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Planning Commission, Govt of India; See third table 2011-2012 fiscal year, 16th row</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ghg-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ghg_140-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ghg_140-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Hiamguanglung Gonmei, "Hills Economy of Manipur: A Structural Change", <i>Journal of North East India Studies</i>, Vol. 3, No. 1, January–June 2013, pp. 61–73</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Manipur_Economy_-_Snapshot-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Manipur_Economy_-_Snapshot_141-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Manipur_Economy_-_Snapshot_141-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Manipur_Economy_-_Snapshot_141-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibef.org/states/Manipur.aspx">"Manipur Economy - Snapshot"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140702210507/http://www.ibef.org/states/Manipur.aspx">Archived</a> 2 July 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> IBEF</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://investinmanipur.nic.in/energy.htm">Manipur Energy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323224245/http://investinmanipur.nic.in/energy.htm">Archived</a> 23 March 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Govt of Manipur</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://investinmanipur.nic.in/gp_power.htm">Manipur power</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140319080121/http://investinmanipur.nic.in/gp_power.htm">Archived</a> 19 March 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Government of India</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_144-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_144-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thethirdpole.net/en/climate/in-rural-manipur-women-feel-the-heat-of-climate-change/">"In rural Manipur, women feel the heat of climate change"</a>. <i>The Third Pole</i>. 14 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Third+Pole&rft.atitle=In+rural+Manipur%2C+women+feel+the+heat+of+climate+change&rft.date=2018-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thethirdpole.net%2Fen%2Fclimate%2Fin-rural-manipur-women-feel-the-heat-of-climate-change%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShirin2021" class="citation news cs1">Shirin, Babie (27 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ifp.co.in/2042/climate-change-farmers-in-manipur-hit-hard-by-unusual-weather-temperature">"Climate Change: Farmers in Manipur hit hard by unusual weather temperature"</a>. <i>Imphal Free Press</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Imphal+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Climate+Change%3A+Farmers+in+Manipur+hit+hard+by+unusual+weather+temperature&rft.date=2021-01-27&rft.aulast=Shirin&rft.aufirst=Babie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ifp.co.in%2F2042%2Fclimate-change-farmers-in-manipur-hit-hard-by-unusual-weather-temperature&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/manipur-maram-purul-phaibung-road-villager-fix-roads-3021938">"Manipur's villagers take charge, fix 19km stretch of roads: ANI – The Indian Express"</a>. <i>The Indian Express</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Manipur%27s+villagers+take+charge%2C+fix+19km+stretch+of+roads%3A+ANI+%E2%80%93+The+Indian+Express&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Findia%2Findia-news-india%2Fmanipur-maram-purul-phaibung-road-villager-fix-roads-3021938&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrafullokumar_Singh2009" class="citation book cs1">Prafullokumar Singh, A. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b3TwS0WRn5kC&q=manipur+govt+accused+of+bad+roads&pg=PA521"><i>The Ninth Assembly Elections in Manipur: A. Prafullokumar Singh – Election Politics in Manipur</i></a>. Mittal Publications. p. 521. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788183242790" title="Special:BookSources/9788183242790"><bdi>9788183242790</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ninth+Assembly+Elections+in+Manipur%3A+A.+Prafullokumar+Singh+%E2%80%93+Election+Politics+in+Manipur&rft.pages=521&rft.pub=Mittal+Publications&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9788183242790&rft.aulast=Prafullokumar+Singh&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db3TwS0WRn5kC%26q%3Dmanipur%2Bgovt%2Baccused%2Bof%2Bbad%2Broads%26pg%3DPA521&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Rail-link-from-Manipur-to-Vietnam-on-cards-Tharoor/articleshow/5778641.cms">"Rail link from Manipur to Vietnam on cards: Tharoor"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130517081158/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-04-09/india/28123011_1_rail-link-trilateral-highway-project-link-roads">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Rail+link+from+Manipur+to+Vietnam+on+cards%3A+Tharoor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FRail-link-from-Manipur-to-Vietnam-on-cards-Tharoor%2Farticleshow%2F5778641.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/92090/the-floating-islands-of-india">"The Floating Islands of India"</a>. <i>earthobservatory.nasa.gov</i>. 7 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2023</span>. <q>The largest island is home to the Keibul Lamjao, the world's only floating national park. It serves as a habitat for the endangered brow-antlered sangai, or "dancing deer," whose hooves have adapted to the island's spongy ground. The park, covering 15 square miles (40 km2), was specifically created to preserve the deer, which were once thought to be extinct.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=earthobservatory.nasa.gov&rft.atitle=The+Floating+Islands+of+India&rft.date=2018-05-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthobservatory.nasa.gov%2Fimages%2F92090%2Fthe-floating-islands-of-india&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKechnie" class="citation web cs1">McKechnie, Ben. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20180411-the-worlds-only-floating-national-park">"The world's only floating national park"</a>. <i>www.bbc.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.com&rft.atitle=The+world%27s+only+floating+national+park&rft.aulast=McKechnie&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Ftravel%2Farticle%2F20180411-the-worlds-only-floating-national-park&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCentre" class="citation web cs1">Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6086/">"Keibul Lamjao Conservation Area"</a>. <i>UNESCO World Heritage Centre</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=Keibul+Lamjao+Conservation+Area&rft.aulast=Centre&rft.aufirst=UNESCO+World+Heritage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Ftentativelists%2F6086%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldheritagesite.org/tentative/id/6086">"Keibul Lamjao Conservation Area | For UNESCO World Heritage Travellers"</a>. <i>www.worldheritagesite.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.worldheritagesite.org&rft.atitle=Keibul+Lamjao+Conservation+Area+%7C+For+UNESCO+World+Heritage+Travellers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldheritagesite.org%2Ftentative%2Fid%2F6086&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/imphal/manipur-titular-king-moves-parliament-to-declare-kangla-fort-as-world-heritage-site/articleshow/80704014.cms">"Manipur titular king moves Parliament to declare Kangla Fort as World Heritage Site"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. 5 February 2021. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-8257">0971-8257</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Manipur+titular+king+moves+Parliament+to+declare+Kangla+Fort+as+World+Heritage+Site&rft.date=2021-02-05&rft.issn=0971-8257&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fimphal%2Fmanipur-titular-king-moves-parliament-to-declare-kangla-fort-as-world-heritage-site%2Farticleshow%2F80704014.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ifp.co.in/6177/kangla-as-a-world-heritage-site">"Kangla as a World Heritage Site"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Imphal_Free_Press" title="Imphal Free Press">Imphal Free Press</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imphal+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Kangla+as+a+World+Heritage+Site&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ifp.co.in%2F6177%2Fkangla-as-a-world-heritage-site&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://environmentmanipur.com/State%20Bird%20Nongin.html">State bird Nongin</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140827022801/http://environmentmanipur.com/State%20Bird%20Nongin.html">Archived</a> 27 August 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Government of Manipur</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://environmentmanipur.com/State%20Flower%20Shirui%20Lily.html">State flower SHIRUI LILY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140203194214/http://environmentmanipur.com/State%20Flower%20Shirui%20Lily.html">Archived</a> 3 February 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Government of Manipur</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://environmentmanipur.com/State%20Animal%20Sangai.html">State animal Sangai</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140201232639/http://environmentmanipur.com/State%20Animal%20Sangai.html">Archived</a> 1 February 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Government of Manipur</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20180411-the-worlds-only-floating-national-park">"The world's only floating national park"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+world%27s+only+floating+national+park&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Ftravel%2Fstory%2F20180411-the-worlds-only-floating-national-park&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ichumkeirap.yolasite.com">"Ichum Keirap"</a>. <i>yolasite.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=yolasite.com&rft.atitle=Ichum+Keirap&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fichumkeirap.yolasite.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.e-pao.net/epGallery.asp?id=1&src=Landscape/Thalon200912_2">"Thalon Cave, Tamenglong: December 2009 ~ Pictures from Manipur"</a>. <i>e-pao.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=e-pao.net&rft.atitle=Thalon+Cave%2C+Tamenglong%3A+December+2009+~+Pictures+from+Manipur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-pao.net%2FepGallery.asp%3Fid%3D1%26src%3DLandscape%2FThalon200912_2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ukhrul.nic.in/places-to-visit.html">"Ukhrul District"</a>. <i>ukhrul.nic.in</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ukhrul.nic.in&rft.atitle=Ukhrul+District&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fukhrul.nic.in%2Fplaces-to-visit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey2004177-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey2004177_162-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey2004177_162-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReginald_Massey2004">Reginald Massey 2004</a>, p. 177.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200483–84,_the_other_major_classical_Indian_dances_are:_Bharatanatyam,_Kathak,_Odissi,_Kathakali,_Kuchipudi,_Cchau,_Satriya,_Yaksagana_and_Bhagavata_Mela-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200483–84,_the_other_major_classical_Indian_dances_are:_Bharatanatyam,_Kathak,_Odissi,_Kathakali,_Kuchipudi,_Cchau,_Satriya,_Yaksagana_and_Bhagavata_Mela_163-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams2004">Williams 2004</a>, pp. 83–84, the other major classical Indian dances are: Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Odissi, Kathakali, Kuchipudi, Cchau, Satriya, Yaksagana and Bhagavata Mela.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lochtefeld420-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lochtefeld420_164-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lochtefeld420_164-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_G._Lochtefeld2002" class="citation book cs1">James G. Lochtefeld (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5kl0DYIjUPgC&pg=PA376"><i>The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M</i></a>. The Rosen Publishing Group. pp. 420–421. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8239-3179-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8239-3179-8"><bdi>978-0-8239-3179-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Illustrated+Encyclopedia+of+Hinduism%3A+A-M&rft.pages=420-421&rft.pub=The+Rosen+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8239-3179-8&rft.au=James+G.+Lochtefeld&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5kl0DYIjUPgC%26pg%3DPA376&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey2004177–187-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey2004177–187_165-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReginald_Massey2004">Reginald Massey 2004</a>, pp. 177–187.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi1990175–180-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi1990175–180_166-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRagini_Devi1990">Ragini Devi 1990</a>, pp. 175–180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey2004177–180-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey2004177–180_167-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReginald_Massey2004">Reginald Massey 2004</a>, pp. 177–180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaroj_Nalini_Parratt1997" class="citation book cs1">Saroj Nalini Parratt (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=COCBAAAAMAAJ"><i>The pleasing of the gods: Meitei Lai Haraoba</i></a>. Vikas Publishers. pp. 14–20, 42–46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788125904168" title="Special:BookSources/9788125904168"><bdi>9788125904168</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+pleasing+of+the+gods%3A+Meitei+Lai+Haraoba&rft.pages=14-20%2C+42-46&rft.pub=Vikas+Publishers&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9788125904168&rft.au=Saroj+Nalini+Parratt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCOCBAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESaryu_Doshi1989xv–xviii-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaryu_Doshi1989xv–xviii_169-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSaryu_Doshi1989">Saryu Doshi 1989</a>, pp. xv–xviii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ved Prakash, Encyclopaedia of North-East India, Volume 4, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8126907069" title="Special:BookSources/978-8126907069">978-8126907069</a>, pp 1558-1561</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gurmeet Kanwal, Defenders of the Dawn, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8170622796" title="Special:BookSources/978-8170622796">978-8170622796</a>, pp 48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ksl826-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ksl826_172-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ksl826_172-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ksl826_172-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ksl826_172-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Khomdan Singh Lisam, Encyclopaedia Of Manipur, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8178358642" title="Special:BookSources/978-8178358642">978-8178358642</a>, pp 824-830</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://manipur.gov.in/?p=23">Indigenous games of Manipur</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150512142602/http://manipur.gov.in/?p=23">Archived</a> 12 May 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Govt of Manipur</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Khomdan Singh Lisam, Encyclopaedia Of Manipur, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8178358642" title="Special:BookSources/978-8178358642">978-8178358642</a>, pp 825</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mills, J. H. (2006), Manipur Rules Here - Gender, Politics, and Sport in an Asian Border Zone, Journal of Sport & Social Issues, 30(1), 62-78</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ksl825830-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ksl825830_176-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ksl825830_176-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ksl825830_176-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ksl825830_176-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Khomdan Singh Lisam, Encyclopaedia Of Manipur, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8178358642" title="Special:BookSources/978-8178358642">978-8178358642</a>, pp 825-830</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polomuseum.org/sport-polo/history-polo">"History of Polo | Polo Museum"</a>. <i>www.polomuseum.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.polomuseum.org&rft.atitle=History+of+Polo+%7C+Polo+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polomuseum.org%2Fsport-polo%2Fhistory-polo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.andalucia.com/sotogrande/polo/the-origins">"Polo Origins"</a>. <i>Andalucia.com</i>. 14 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Andalucia.com&rft.atitle=Polo+Origins&rft.date=2017-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.andalucia.com%2Fsotogrande%2Fpolo%2Fthe-origins&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joseph Ford Sherer is called the Father of English Polo; see Horace A. Laffaye (2009), <i>The Evolution of Polo</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0786438143" title="Special:BookSources/978-0786438143">978-0786438143</a>, Chapter 2; National Army Museum <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nam.ac.uk/online-collection/detail.php?acc=1998-03-8-1">Silver salver presented to Captain Joseph Ford Sherer</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141128210216/http://www.nam.ac.uk/online-collection/detail.php?acc=1998-03-8-1">Archived</a> 28 November 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> United Kingdom</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Manipur,_Cradle_of_the_Modern_Game-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Manipur,_Cradle_of_the_Modern_Game_180-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chris Aston <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poloconsult.com/index.php/en/le-polo/tribune-de-chris-ashton/535-manipur-cradle-polo">"Manipur, Cradle of the Modern Game"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141127144046/http://www.poloconsult.com/index.php/en/le-polo/tribune-de-chris-ashton/535-manipur-cradle-polo">Archived</a> 27 November 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Polo Consult</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Sports_and_Manipur.Indigenous_Games_between_Cambodia_and_Manipur">"Singh, Atom Sunil; <i>indigenous Games between Cambodia and Manipur: A Borderless Connectivity</i>, The Sangai Express, 4 June 2008"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Singh%2C+Atom+Sunil%3B+indigenous+Games+between+Cambodia+and+Manipur%3A+A+Borderless+Connectivity%2C+The+Sangai+Express%2C+4+June+2008.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fe-pao.net%2FepSubPageExtractor.asp%3Fsrc%3Dmanipur.Sports_and_Manipur.Indigenous_Games_between_Cambodia_and_Manipur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/lok-sabha-passes-bill-to-set-up-sports-varsity-in-manipur/article24594002.ece">"Lok Sabha passes Bill to set-up sports varsity in Manipur"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 3 August 2018 – via www.thehindu.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Lok+Sabha+passes+Bill+to+set-up+sports+varsity+in+Manipur&rft.date=2018-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Flok-sabha-passes-bill-to-set-up-sports-varsity-in-manipur%2Farticle24594002.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130218105246/http://www.northeasttoday.in/our-states/manipur/manipur-sangai-festival-concludes/">"Manipur Sangai Festival Concludes"</a>. <i>Northeast Today</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northeasttoday.in/our-states/manipur/manipur-sangai-festival-concludes/">the original</a> on 18 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northeast+Today&rft.atitle=Manipur+Sangai+Festival+Concludes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northeasttoday.in%2Four-states%2Fmanipur%2Fmanipur-sangai-festival-concludes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sangaifestival.gov.in/portal/page.aspx?ref=why_sangai_festival">"Why Manipur Sangai Festival"</a>. Sangai festival - Department of Tourism<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Manipur+Sangai+Festival&rft.pub=Sangai+festival+-+Department+of+Tourism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsangaifestival.gov.in%2Fportal%2Fpage.aspx%3Fref%3Dwhy_sangai_festival&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Khomdan Singh Lisam, <i>Encyclopaedia Of Manipur</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8178358642" title="Special:BookSources/978-8178358642">978-8178358642</a>, pp. 607–617</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Khomdan Singh Lisam, <i>Encyclopaedia Of Manipur</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8178358642" title="Special:BookSources/978-8178358642">978-8178358642</a>, pp. 950–961</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. K. Ghosh, Shukla Ghosh, <i>Women of Manipur</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8170248972" title="Special:BookSources/978-8170248972">978-8170248972</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Khomdan Singh Lisam, <i>Encyclopaedia Of Manipur</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8178358642" title="Special:BookSources/978-8178358642">978-8178358642</a>, pp. 629–632</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-archive.tongsan.org-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-archive.tongsan.org_189-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.tongsan.org/articles/zokam/69-zomi-ngeina-khuado-pawi.html">"Zomi Ngeina Khuado Pawi"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zomi+Ngeina+Khuado+Pawi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.tongsan.org%2Farticles%2Fzokam%2F69-zomi-ngeina-khuado-pawi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMyint-U2006" class="citation book cs1">Myint-U, Thant (2006). <i>The River of Lost Footsteps—Histories of Burma</i>. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-374-16342-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-374-16342-6"><bdi>978-0-374-16342-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+River+of+Lost+Footsteps%E2%80%94Histories+of+Burma&rft.pub=Farrar%2C+Straus+and+Giroux&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-374-16342-6&rft.aulast=Myint-U&rft.aufirst=Thant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFurber,_The_Unification_of_India1951" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Holden_Furber" title="Holden Furber">Furber, Holden</a> (1951), "The Unification of India, 1947–1951", <i>Pacific Affairs</i>, <b>24</b> (4), Pacific Affairs, University of British Columbia: 352–371, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2753451">10.2307/2753451</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2753451">2753451</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Affairs&rft.atitle=The+Unification+of+India%2C+1947%E2%80%931951&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=352-371&rft.date=1951&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2753451&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2753451%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Furber&rft.aufirst=Holden&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarvey1925" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/G.E._Harvey" title="G.E. Harvey">Harvey, G. E.</a> (1925). <i>History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824</i>. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Burma%3A+From+the+Earliest+Times+to+10+March+1824&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Frank+Cass+%26+Co.+Ltd&rft.date=1925&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=G.+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKala2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/U_Kala" title="U Kala">Kala, U</a> (2006) [1724]. <i><a href="/wiki/Maha_Yazawin" title="Maha Yazawin">Maha Yazawin</a></i> (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (4th printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maha+Yazawin&rft.place=Yangon&rft.edition=4th+printing&rft.pub=Ya-Pyei+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Kala&rft.aufirst=U&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKumar,_Union_Territories1991" class="citation cs2">Kumar, Sudhir (1991), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vokxiAXSgKQC"><i>Political and Administrative Setup of Union Territories in India</i></a>, Mittal Publications, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788170993049" title="Special:BookSources/9788170993049"><bdi>9788170993049</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+and+Administrative+Setup+of+Union+Territories+in+India&rft.pub=Mittal+Publications&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9788170993049&rft.aulast=Kumar&rft.aufirst=Sudhir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvokxiAXSgKQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGogoi1956" class="citation book cs1">Gogoi, Padmeswar (1956). <i>The political expansion of the Mao Shans</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+political+expansion+of+the+Mao+Shans&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Gogoi&rft.aufirst=Padmeswar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuceHtway1976" class="citation cs2">Luce, G.H; Htway, Tin (1976), "A 15th Century Inscription and Library at Pagán, Burma", <i>Malalasekera Commemoration Volume. Colombo: The Malalasekera Commemoration Volume Editorial Committee</i>, Dept of Pali and Buddhist Studies, University of Ceylon, pp. 203–256</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+15th+Century+Inscription+and+Library+at+Pag%C3%A1n%2C+Burma&rft.btitle=Malalasekera+Commemoration+Volume.+Colombo%3A+The+Malalasekera+Commemoration+Volume+Editorial+Committee&rft.pages=203-256&rft.pub=Dept+of+Pali+and+Buddhist+Studies%2C+University+of+Ceylon&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Luce&rft.aufirst=G.H&rft.au=Htway%2C+Tin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRagini_Devi1990" class="citation book cs1">Ragini Devi (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KRz5ykKRVAEC"><i>Dance Dialects of India</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0674-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0674-0"><bdi>978-81-208-0674-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dance+Dialects+of+India&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-81-208-0674-0&rft.au=Ragini+Devi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKRz5ykKRVAEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanatomba,_Interrogation_into_the_political_status_of_Manipur2015" class="citation cs2">Sanatomba, Kangujam (2015), "Interrogation into the political status of Manipur", in Arambam Noni; Kangujam Sanatomba (eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OzjbCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA159"><i>Colonialism and Resistance: Society and State in Manipur</i></a>, Routledge, pp. 159–180, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-27066-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-27066-9"><bdi>978-1-317-27066-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Interrogation+into+the+political+status+of+Manipur&rft.btitle=Colonialism+and+Resistance%3A+Society+and+State+in+Manipur&rft.pages=159-180&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-317-27066-9&rft.aulast=Sanatomba&rft.aufirst=Kangujam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOzjbCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaryu_Doshi1989" class="citation book cs1">Saryu Doshi (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xRbkAAAAMAAJ"><i>Dances of Manipur: The Classical Tradition</i></a>. Marg Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-85026-09-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-85026-09-1"><bdi>978-81-85026-09-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dances+of+Manipur%3A+The+Classical+Tradition&rft.pub=Marg+Publications&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-81-85026-09-1&rft.au=Saryu+Doshi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxRbkAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReginald_Massey2004" class="citation book cs1">Reginald Massey (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t6MJ8jbHqIwC"><i>India's Dances: Their History, Technique, and Repertoire</i></a>. Abhinav Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7017-434-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7017-434-9"><bdi>978-81-7017-434-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%27s+Dances%3A+Their+History%2C+Technique%2C+and+Repertoire&rft.pub=Abhinav+Publications&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-81-7017-434-9&rft.au=Reginald+Massey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt6MJ8jbHqIwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSudhirkumar_Singh,_Socio-religious_and_Political_Movements2011" class="citation cs2">Sudhirkumar Singh, Haorongbam (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/121665">"Socio-religious and Political Movements in Modern Manipur 1934–51"</a>, <i>INFLIBNET</i>, <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10603%2F121665">10603/121665</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=INFLIBNET&rft.atitle=Socio-religious+and+Political+Movements+in+Modern+Manipur+1934%E2%80%9351&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10603%2F121665&rft.aulast=Sudhirkumar+Singh&rft.aufirst=Haorongbam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in%2Fhandle%2F10603%2F121665&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTarapot,_Bleeding_Manipur2003" class="citation cs2">Tarapot, Phanjoubam (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FsUJ0E3BXkMC"><i>Bleeding Manipur</i></a>, Har-Anand Publications, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-241-0902-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-241-0902-1"><bdi>978-81-241-0902-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bleeding+Manipur&rft.pub=Har-Anand+Publications&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-81-241-0902-1&rft.aulast=Tarapot&rft.aufirst=Phanjoubam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFsUJ0E3BXkMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2004" class="citation journal cs1">Williams, Drid (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304121105/http://jashm.press.illinois.edu/12.3/12-3IntheShadow_Williams78-99.pdf">"In the Shadow of Hollywood Orientalism: Authentic East Indian Dancing"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Visual Anthropology</i>. <b>17</b> (1): 69–98. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F08949460490274013">10.1080/08949460490274013</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:29065670">29065670</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jashm.press.illinois.edu/12.3/12-3IntheShadow_Williams78-99.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Visual+Anthropology&rft.atitle=In+the+Shadow+of+Hollywood+Orientalism%3A+Authentic+East+Indian+Dancing&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=69-98&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F08949460490274013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A29065670%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Drid&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjashm.press.illinois.edu%2F12.3%2F12-3IntheShadow_Williams78-99.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLieberman2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Lieberman" title="Victor Lieberman">Lieberman</a>, Victor B. (2003). <i>Strange Parallels: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c. 800–1830, volume 1, Integration on the Mainland</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-80496-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-80496-7"><bdi>978-0-521-80496-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Strange+Parallels%3A+Southeast+Asia+in+Global+Context%2C+c.+800%E2%80%931830%2C+volume+1%2C+Integration+on+the+Mainland&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-521-80496-7&rft.aulast=Lieberman&rft.aufirst=Victor+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManipur" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Manipur" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Manipur">Manipur</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Manipur" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Manipur">Manipur</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Manipur#Q1193" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Manipur">Manipur</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Manipur" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Manipur">Manipur</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <p><b>Government</b> </p> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://manipur.gov.in/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140608105853/http://tourismmanipur.nic.in/">Official Tourism Site of Manipur</a></li></ul> <p><b>General information</b> </p> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/2027869">Manipur</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_Manipur" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Manipur" title="Template:Manipur"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Manipur" title="Template talk:Manipur"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Manipur" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Manipur"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_Manipur" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manipur</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">Capital</a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Imphal" title="Imphal">Imphal</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_symbols" title="List of Indian state symbols">State symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_emblems" title="List of Indian state emblems">Emblem</a>: <a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Manipur" title="Emblem of Manipur">Emblem of Manipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_anthems" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian state anthems">Anthem</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sana_Leibak_Manipur" title="Sana Leibak Manipur">Sana Leibak Manipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_animals" title="List of Indian state animals">Animal</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sangai" title="Sangai">Sangai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_birds" title="List of Indian state birds">Bird</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mrs._Hume%27s_pheasant" title="Mrs. Hume's pheasant">Mrs. Hume's pheasant (Nongyeen)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_flowers" title="List of Indian state flowers">Flower</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lilium_mackliniae" title="Lilium mackliniae">Shirui Lily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_trees" title="List of Indian state trees">Tree</a>: <a href="/wiki/Phoebe_hainesiana" title="Phoebe hainesiana">Uningthou</a></li> <li>Fish: <a href="/wiki/Osteobrama_belangeri" title="Osteobrama belangeri">Pengba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Manipur" title="Category:Manipur">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manipuri_cuisine" title="Manipuri cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipuri_dance" title="Manipuri dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Manipur" title="Government of Manipur">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Manipur" title="History of Manipur">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Manipur" title="Music of Manipur">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_people" title="Meitei people">People</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei</a> (officially known as Manipuri)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_administration" title="Public administration">Administration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Manipur" title="Government of Manipur">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipur_Legislative_Assembly" title="Manipur Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Manipur" title="List of chief ministers of Manipur">Chief Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Manipur" title="List of governors of Manipur">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipur_High_Court" title="Manipur High Court">High Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipur_Police" title="Manipur Police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_Manipur" title="Political parties in Manipur">Political Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Manipur" title="List of districts of Manipur">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishnupur_district" title="Bishnupur district">Bishnupur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandel_district" title="Chandel district">Chandel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churachandpur_district" title="Churachandpur district">Churachandpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imphal_East_district" title="Imphal East district">Imphal East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imphal_West_district" title="Imphal West district">Imphal West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiribam_district" title="Jiribam district">Jiribam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakching_district" title="Kakching district">Kakching</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamjong_distirict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamjong distirict (page does not exist)">Kamjong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangpokpi_district" title="Kangpokpi district">Kangpokpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noney_district" title="Noney district">Noney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pherzawl_district" title="Pherzawl district">Pherzawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senapati_district" title="Senapati district">Senapati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamenglong_district" title="Tamenglong district">Tamenglong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengnoupal_district" title="Tengnoupal district">Tengnoupal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoubal_district" title="Thoubal district">Thoubal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukhrul_district" title="Ukhrul district">Ukhrul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">Municipal corporation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imphal" title="Imphal">Imphal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities">Municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishnupur,_Manipur" title="Bishnupur, Manipur">Bishnupur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nambol" title="Nambol">Nambol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moirang" title="Moirang">Moirang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningthoukhong" title="Ningthoukhong">Ningthoukhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbi" title="Kumbi">Kumbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwakta" title="Kwakta">Kwakta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoubal" title="Thoubal">Thoubal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangjing,_Manipur" title="Wangjing, Manipur">Wangjing Lamding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilong_(Thoubal)" title="Lilong (Thoubal)">Lilong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakching" title="Kakching">Kakching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakching_Khunou" title="Kakching Khunou">Kakching Khunou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugnu" title="Sugnu">Sugnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangoi" title="Wangoi">Wangoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayang_Imphal" title="Mayang Imphal">Mayang Imphal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamlai" title="Lamlai">Lamlai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiribam" title="Jiribam">Jiribam</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Proposed" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Proposed" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukhrul" title="Ukhrul">Ukhrul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamenglong" title="Tamenglong">Tamenglong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churachandpur" title="Churachandpur">Churachandpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangpokpi" title="Kangpokpi">Kangpokpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moreh,_India" title="Moreh, India">Moreh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Town councils</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senapati,_Manipur" title="Senapati, Manipur">Senapati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandel,_Manipur" title="Chandel, Manipur">Chandel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengnoupal" title="Tengnoupal">Tengnoupal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noney" title="Noney">Longmai (Noney)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamjong" title="Kamjong">Kamjong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pherzawl" title="Pherzawl">Pherzawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andro,_Imphal_East" title="Andro, Imphal East">Andro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patsoi" title="Patsoi">Patsoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samurou" title="Samurou">Samurou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thongkhong_Laxmi_Bazar" title="Thongkhong Laxmi Bazar">Thongkhong Laxmi Bazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamsang" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamsang">Lamsang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekmai" title="Sekmai">Sekmai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiyangthang" title="Hiyangthang">Hiyangthang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilong_Chajing" class="mw-redirect" title="Lilong Chajing">Lilong Chajing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heirok" title="Heirok">Heirok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oinam" title="Oinam">Oinam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minor townships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chakpikarong" title="Chakpikarong">Chakpikarong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamei_Assembly_constituency" title="Tamei Assembly constituency">Tamei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nungba" title="Nungba">Nungba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuibong" title="Tuibong">Tuibong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singngat" title="Singngat">Singngat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chingai" title="Chingai">Chingai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessami" title="Jessami">Jessami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phungyar" title="Phungyar">Phungyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purul" title="Purul">Purul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadubi" title="Tadubi">Tadubi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saikul" title="Saikul">Saikul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Manipur_Football_Association" title="All Manipur Football Association">All Manipur Football Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipur_Cricket_Association" title="Manipur Cricket Association">Manipur Cricket Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipur_State_League" title="Manipur State League">Manipur State League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Imphal_Sporting_Association" title="North Imphal Sporting Association">North Imphal Sporting Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khong_kangjei" title="Khong kangjei">Khong kangjei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khuman_Lampak_Main_Stadium" title="Khuman Lampak Main Stadium">Khuman Lampak Main Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luwangpokpa_Cricket_Stadium" title="Luwangpokpa Cricket Stadium">Luwangpokpa Cricket Stadium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Northeast_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Northeast_India" title="Template:Northeast India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Northeast_India" title="Template talk:Northeast India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Northeast_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Northeast India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Northeast_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizoram" title="Mizoram">Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agartala" title="Agartala">Agartala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aizawl" title="Aizawl">Aizawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispur" title="Dispur">Dispur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimapur" title="Dimapur">Dimapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangtok" title="Gangtok">Gangtok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guwahati" title="Guwahati">Guwahati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imphal" title="Imphal">Imphal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itanagar" title="Itanagar">Itanagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohima" title="Kohima">Kohima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shillong" title="Shillong">Shillong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silchar" title="Silchar">Silchar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislative Assemblies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly">Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam_Legislative_Assembly" title="Assam Legislative Assembly">Assam Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipur_Legislative_Assembly" title="Manipur Legislative Assembly">Manipur Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya_Legislative_Assembly" title="Meghalaya Legislative Assembly">Meghalaya Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizoram_Legislative_Assembly" title="Mizoram Legislative Assembly">Mizoram Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagaland_Legislative_Assembly" title="Nagaland Legislative Assembly">Nagaland Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Legislative_Assembly" title="Sikkim Legislative Assembly">Sikkim Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripura_Legislative_Assembly" title="Tripura Legislative Assembly">Tripura Legislative Assembly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Protected Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaziranga_National_Park" title="Kaziranga National Park">Kaziranga National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namdapha_National_Park" title="Namdapha National Park">Namdapha National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang_National_Park" title="Orang National Park">Orang National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manas_National_Park" title="Manas National Park">Manas National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dibru-Saikhowa_National_Park" title="Dibru-Saikhowa National Park">Dibru-Saikhowa National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nameri_National_Park" title="Nameri National Park">Nameri National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balphakram_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Balphakram National Park">Balphakram National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nokrek_National_Park" title="Nokrek National Park">Nokrek National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouling_National_Park" title="Mouling National Park">Mouling National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keibul_Lamjao_National_Park" title="Keibul Lamjao National Park">Keibul Lamjao National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirohi_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirohi National Park">Sirohi National Park </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murlen_National_Park" title="Murlen National Park">Murlen National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ntangki_National_Park" title="Ntangki National Park">Ntangki National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pobitora_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary">Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sipahijola_Wildlife_Sanctuary" class="mw-redirect" title="Sipahijola Wildlife Sanctuary">Sipahijola Wildlife Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorumara_National_Park" title="Gorumara National Park">Gorumara National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singalila_National_Park" title="Singalila National Park">Singalila National Park </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neora_Valley_National_Park" title="Neora Valley National Park">Neora Valley National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaldapara_National_Park" title="Jaldapara National Park">Jaldapara National Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kangchenjunga" title="Kangchenjunga">Kangchenjunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_Hills" title="Naga Hills">Naga Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patkai_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Patkai Hills">Patkai Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasi_Hills" title="Khasi Hills">Khasi Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushai_Hills" title="Lushai Hills">Lushai Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam_Himalaya" title="Assam Himalaya">Assam Himalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garo_Hills" title="Garo Hills">Garo Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jongsong_Peak" title="Jongsong Peak">Jongsong Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gimmigela_Chuli" title="Gimmigela Chuli">Gimmigela Chuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabru" title="Kabru">Kabru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirat_Chuli" title="Kirat Chuli">Kirat Chuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Pandim" title="Mount Pandim">Mount Pandim </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paohanli_Peak" title="Paohanli Peak">Paohanli Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauhunri" title="Pauhunri">Pauhunri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siniolchu" title="Siniolchu">Siniolchu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khecheopalri_Lake" title="Khecheopalri Lake">Khecheopalri Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurudongmar_Lake" title="Gurudongmar Lake">Gurudongmar Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Tsongmo" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Tsongmo">Lake Tsongmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loktak_Lake" title="Loktak Lake">Loktak Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandubi_Lake" title="Chandubi Lake">Chandubi Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipor_Bil" title="Dipor Bil">Dipor Bil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_Beel" title="Son Beel">Son Beel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudrasagar_Lake" title="Rudrasagar Lake">Rudrasagar Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijoy_sagar" title="Bijoy sagar">Bijoy sagar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Monasteries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pemayangtse_Monastery" title="Pemayangtse Monastery">Pemayangtse Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawang_Monastery" title="Tawang Monastery">Tawang Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zang_Dhok_Palri_Phodang" title="Zang Dhok Palri Phodang">Zang Dhok Palri Phodang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumtek_Monastery" title="Rumtek Monastery">Rumtek Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enchey_Monastery" title="Enchey Monastery">Enchey Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tashiding_Monastery" title="Tashiding Monastery">Tashiding Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubdi_Monastery" title="Dubdi Monastery">Dubdi Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralang_Monastery" title="Ralang Monastery">Ralang Monastery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Sister_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven Sister States">Seven Sister States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_North_East_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in North East India">Tourism in North East India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Assam" title="Tourism in Assam">Tourism in Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Mizoram" title="Tourism in Mizoram">Tourism in Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_India_border_disputes" title="Northeast India border disputes">Border disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_and_Southeast_Asian_relations_with_Northeast_India" title="East and Southeast Asian relations with Northeast India">Relationship with East and Southeast Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_East_Games" title="North East Games">North East Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="States_and_union_territories_of_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="Template:States and union territories of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="Template talk:States and union territories of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:States and union territories of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="States_and_union_territories_of_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">States and union territories of India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federated_state" title="Federated state">States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizoram" title="Mizoram">Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Union_territory" title="Union territory">Union territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli_and_Daman_and_Diu" title="Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu">Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puducherry_(union_territory)" title="Puducherry (union territory)">Puducherry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">Capitals in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Autonomous administrative divisions of India">Autonomous administrative divisions of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_states_and_union_territories_of_India" title="Proposed states and union territories of India">Proposed states and union territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Historical_Indian_regions" title="Category:Historical Indian regions">Historical Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidencies_of_British_India" title="Category:Presidencies of British India">British Provinces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/157093435">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1205354/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4277787-2">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79060976">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11940857v">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11940857v">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36289532">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Manipur (Indie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge291104&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX6077512">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000280179&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007562087205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1242428">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manipur&oldid=1258149704">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manipur&oldid=1258149704</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Manipur" title="Category:Manipur">Manipur</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="Category:States and union territories of India">States and union territories of India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Northeast_India" title="Category:Northeast India">Northeast India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_established_in_1972" title="Category:States and territories established in 1972">States and territories established in 1972</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourism_in_Northeast_India" title="Category:Tourism in Northeast India">Tourism in Northeast India</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_non-numeric_formatnum_arguments" title="Category:Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments">Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_no-target_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn no-target errors">Harv and Sfn no-target errors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_May_2024" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from May 2024">Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from May 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_pages_semi-protected_against_vandalism" title="Category:Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism">Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_Indian_English_from_June_2016" title="Category:Use Indian English from June 2016">Use Indian English from June 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Indian_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English">All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_January_2021" title="Category:Use dmy dates from January 2021">Use dmy dates from January 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Meitei-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Meitei-language text">Articles containing Meitei-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Sanskrit-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Sanskrit-language text">Articles containing Sanskrit-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from December 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_pages_needing_factual_verification" title="Category:All pages needing factual verification">All pages needing factual verification</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_factual_verification_from_December_2023" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from December 2023">Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from December 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2015" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2015">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_March_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from March 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_January_2015" title="Category:Articles to be expanded from January 2015">Articles to be expanded from January 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_expanded" title="Category:All articles to be expanded">All articles to be expanded</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2015" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2015">Articles with unsourced statements from January 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2015" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2015">Articles with unsourced statements from August 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2014" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2014">Articles with unsourced statements from June 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_excerpts" title="Category:Articles with excerpts">Articles with excerpts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Burmese-language_sources_(my)" title="Category:CS1 Burmese-language sources (my)">CS1 Burmese-language sources (my)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 18 November 2024, at 10:53<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manipur&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-5z8dw","wgBackendResponseTime":163,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"3.017","walltime":"3.585","ppvisitednodes":{"value":27707,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":584626,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":65127,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":28,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":79,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":620928,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 3102.230 1 -total"," 28.67% 889.280 2 Template:Reflist"," 19.66% 610.046 1 Template:Infobox_Indian_state_or_territory"," 19.42% 602.418 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 18.74% 581.432 2 Template:Infobox"," 9.62% 298.413 56 Template:Cite_web"," 4.58% 142.117 29 Template:Cite_book"," 4.44% 137.849 14 Template:Citation_needed"," 4.34% 134.483 17 Template:Fix"," 4.21% 130.566 5 Template:Side_box"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.789","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":24484115,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"Art\"] = 1,\n [\"Art_and_Culture\"] = 1,\n [\"Arts\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAdrija2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAkoijam2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBanerjee1958\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBertil_Lintner2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCIRCA,_Why_Pre-Merger_Political_Status_for_Manipur2018\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFCentre\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCentre_for_Science_and_Environment_(India)\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChoudhury2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeviSinghDevi2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDevi_Rajkumari_Geetanjali2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDirector_of_Commerce_and_Industries,_Manipur\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEllis-PetersenHassan2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarooquiSehgal\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFurber,_The_Unification_of_India1951\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGogoi1956\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGovernment_of_Manipur\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHanjabam2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarvey1925\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIbochou_Singh1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIndrakumar,_Colonialism_and_Movement_for_Democracy2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJames_G._Lochtefeld2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFK.R._DikshitJutta_K_Dikshit2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKala2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKalpana_KannabiranRanbir_Singh2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKatoch2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhomdom2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKom2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKshetrimayumLaishram2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKumar,_Union_Territories1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaishram2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLieberman2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLuceHtway1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFManimohan_Singh1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcKechnie\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeetei2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMollan2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMukhim2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMyint-U2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFN._Lokendra1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNaorem_Sanajaoba1988\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFNoniSanatomba2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhanjoubam2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPradip_Phanjoubam\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrafullokumar_Singh2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRagini_Devi1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReginald_Massey2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRustomji1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFS._Bebita_Devi2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFS._R._Tohring2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSAMOM2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSINHA1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSahoo2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSanajaoba1988\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSanatomba,_Interrogation_into_the_political_status_of_Manipur2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSaroj_Nalini_Parratt1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSaryu_Doshi1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShirin2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSingh\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSinha1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStrahorn2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSubramanian2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSudhirkumar_Singh,_Socio-religious_and_Political_Movements2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTarapot,_Bleeding_Manipur2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThoiba_Singh1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThompson1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYamahata2022\"] = 1,\n [\"Culture\"] = 1,\n [\"Tradition\"] = 1,\n [\"Traditions\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 4,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Anchor\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 15,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 14,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 29,\n [\"Cite dictionary\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 10,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 17,\n [\"Cite thesis\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 54,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Contains special characters\"] = 1,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"Cvt\"] = 27,\n [\"Districts of Manipur\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 2,\n [\"Excerpt\"] = 1,\n [\"Expand section\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 4,\n [\"Harvcol\"] = 2,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvp\"] = 5,\n [\"Historical populations\"] = 1,\n [\"INRConvert\"] = 3,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 2,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 15,\n [\"Infobox Indian state or territory\"] = 1,\n [\"Interlanguage link\"] = 1,\n [\"Langnf\"] = 6,\n [\"Langx\"] = 3,\n [\"MW\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 16,\n [\"Meitei\"] = 3,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 3,\n [\"North East India\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Official website\"] = 1,\n [\"Osmrelation-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Page needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Pie chart\"] = 2,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-vandalism\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Ref\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Refn\"] = 1,\n [\"Script\"] = 2,\n [\"See also\"] = 2,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 8,\n [\"Sfnp\"] = 8,\n [\"Sfnref\"] = 8,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"States and territories of India\"] = 1,\n [\"Use Indian English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Verify source\"] = 2,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 21,\n [\"Wikiquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikivoyage\"] = 1,\n [\"Wiktionary\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","340","16.8"],["?","320","15.8"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","200","9.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","180","8.9"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","140","6.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","80","4.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","40","2.0"],["chunk \u003CModule:Citation/CS1\u003E","40","2.0"],["\u003Cmw.language.lua:62\u003E","40","2.0"],["[main chunk] \u003Cpackage.lua\u003E","40","2.0"],["[others]","600","29.7"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-jgsst","timestamp":"20241124053118","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Manipur","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manipur","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1193","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1193","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-01-06T16:21:54Z","dateModified":"2024-11-18T10:53:16Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/5d\/Imphal%2C_Manipur_%2862%29.jpeg","headline":"state in northeastern India"}</script> </body> </html>