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Radwan</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: A. Radwan"> <meta name="keywords" content="A. Radwan"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="A. 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Radwan"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 23</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: A. Radwan</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Leadership Styles in the Hotel Sector and Its Effect on Employees’ Creativity and Organizational Commitment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hatem%20Radwan%20Ibrahim%20Radwan">Hatem Radwan Ibrahim Radwan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Leadership is crucial for hotel survival and success. It enables hotels to develop and compete effectively. This research intends to explore the implementation of six leadership styles by frontline hotel managers in four star hotels in Cairo and assess its impact on employees’ creativity and organizational commitment. The leadership patterns considered in this study includes: democratic, autocratic, laissez-faire, transformational, transactional, and ethical leaderships. Questionnaire was used as a research method to gather data. A structured survey was established and distributed on employees in Cairo’s four star hotels. A total of 284 questionnaire forms were returned and usable for statistical analysis. The results of this study identified that transactional and autocratic leadership were the prevalent styles used in four star hotels in Cairo. Two leadership styles proved to have significant high correlation and impact on employees’ creativity and organizational commitment including: transformational and democratic leadership. Besides, laissez-faire leadership was found had a smaller effect on employees’ creativity and ethical leadership had a lesser influence on employees’ commitment. The autocratic leadership had strong negative correlation and significant impact on both dependent variables. This research concludes that frontline hotel managers should adopt transformational and/or democratic leadership style in managing their subordinates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creativity" title="creativity">creativity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hotels" title=" hotels"> hotels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leadership%20styles" title=" leadership styles"> leadership styles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20commitment" title=" organizational commitment"> organizational commitment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124236/leadership-styles-in-the-hotel-sector-and-its-effect-on-employees-creativity-and-organizational-commitment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124236.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Fractional Order Sallen-Key Filters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Soltan">Ahmed Soltan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20G.%20Radwan"> Ahmed G. Radwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20M.%20Soliman"> Ahmed M. Soliman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work aims to generalize the integer order Sallen-Key filters into the fractional-order domain. The analysis in the case of two different fractional-order elements introduced where the general transfer function becomes four terms which are unusual in the conventional case. In addition, the effect of the transfer function parameters on the filter poles and hence the stability is introduced and closed forms for the filter critical frequencies are driven. Finally, different examples of the fractional order Sallen-Key filter design are presented with circuit simulations using ADS where a great matching between the numerical and simulation results is obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sallen-Key" title="Sallen-Key">Sallen-Key</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractance" title=" fractance"> fractance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low-pass%20filter" title=" low-pass filter"> low-pass filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analog%20filter" title=" analog filter"> analog filter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2170/fractional-order-sallen-key-filters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2170.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">715</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Tax Avoidance and Leadership Replacement: Moderating Influence of Ownership and Political Connections</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radwan%20Hussien%20Alkebsee">Radwan Hussien Alkebsee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Under the argument that reputational costs deter firms from engaging in tax avoidance activities, this paper investigates the relationship between tax avoidance and forced CEO turnover. This study is based on a broad sample of Chinese listed companies spanning the period 2011 to 2018. The findings reveal that tax avoidance is positively associated with forced CEO turnover. This suggests that firms that engage in tax avoidance experience a high rate of leadership replacement. The findings also reveal that the positive association between tax avoidance and forced CEO turnover is pronounced for state-owned firms, firms with no political connections, and firms located in “more developed” regions with extensive tax enforcement action, while it is not for private firms, firms with political connections, and firms located in “less developed” regions with weak tax enforcement actions. The baseline results remain consistent and robust for endogeneity concerns. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tax%20avoidance" title="tax avoidance">tax avoidance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CEO%20turnover" title=" CEO turnover"> CEO turnover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20connections" title=" political connections"> political connections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regional%20tax%20enforcement" title=" regional tax enforcement"> regional tax enforcement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title=" China"> China</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150110/tax-avoidance-and-leadership-replacement-moderating-influence-of-ownership-and-political-connections" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150110.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Numerical Simulation of the Flow around Wing-In-Ground Effect (WIG) Craft</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Elbatran">A. Elbatran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Ahmed"> Y. Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Radwan"> A. Radwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ishak"> M. Ishak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of WIG craft is representing an ambitious technology that will support in reducing time, effort, and money of the conventional marine transportation in the future. This paper investigates the aerodynamic characteristic of compound wing-in-ground effect (WIG) craft model. Drag coefficient, lift coefficient and Lift and drag ratio were studied numerically with respect to the ground clearance and the wing angle of attack. The modifications of the wing has been done in order to investigate the most suitable wing configuration that can increase the wing lift-to-drag ratio at low ground clearance. A numerical investigation was carried out in this research work using finite volume Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations (RANSE) code ANSYS CFX, Validation was carried out by using experiments. The experimental and the numerical results concluded that the lift to drag ratio decreased with the increasing of the ground clearance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drag%20Coefficient" title="drag Coefficient">drag Coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20clearance" title=" ground clearance"> ground clearance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=navier-stokes" title=" navier-stokes"> navier-stokes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WIG" title=" WIG"> WIG</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62997/numerical-simulation-of-the-flow-around-wing-in-ground-effect-wig-craft" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62997.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Gravity and Geodetic Control of Geodynamic Activity near Aswan Lake, Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anwar%20H.%20Radwan">Anwar H. Radwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Mrlina"> Jan Mrlina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El-Sayed%20A.%20Issawy"> El-Sayed A. Issawy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Rayan"> Ali Rayan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salah%20M.%20Mahmoud"> Salah M. Mahmoud </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Geodynamic investigations in the Aswan Lake region were started after the M=5.5 earthquake in 1981, triggered by the lake water fluctuations. Besides establishing the seismological networks, also the geodetic observations focused on the Kalabsha and Sayal fault zones were started. It was found that the Kalabsha fault is an active dextral strike-slip with normal component indicating uplift on its southern side. However, the annual velocity rates in both components do not exceed 2 mm/y, and do not therefore represent extremely active faulting. We also launched gravity monitoring in 1997, and performed another two campaigns in 2000 and 2002. The observed non- tidal temporal gravity changes indicate rather the flood water infiltration into the porous Nubian sandstone, than tectonic stress effect. The station nearest to the lake exhibited about 60 μGal positive gravity change within the 1997-2002 period. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravity%20monitoring" title="gravity monitoring">gravity monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20movements" title=" surface movements"> surface movements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lake%20Aswan" title=" Lake Aswan"> Lake Aswan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater%20change" title=" groundwater change"> groundwater change</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36158/gravity-and-geodetic-control-of-geodynamic-activity-near-aswan-lake-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36158.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">503</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Modified Step Size Patch Array Antenna for UWB Wireless Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Aslani">Hamid Aslani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Radwan"> Ahmed Radwan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a single element microstrip antenna is presented for UWB applications by using techniques as partial ground plane and modified the shape of the patch. The antenna is properly designed to have a compact size and constant gain against frequency. The simulated results have done using two EM software and show good agreement with the measured results for the fabricated antenna. Then a designing of two elements patch antenna array for UWB in the frequency band of 3.1-10 GHz is presented in this paper. The array is constructed by means of feeding two omni-directional modified circular patch elements with a modified power divider. Experimental results show that the array has a stable radiation pattern and low return loss over a broad bandwidth of 64% (3.1–10 GHz). Due to its planar profile, physically compact size, wide impedance bandwidth, directive performance over a wide bandwidth proposed antenna is a good candidate for portable UWB applications and other UWB integrated circuits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultra%20wide%20band" title="ultra wide band">ultra wide band</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation%20performance" title=" radiation performance"> radiation performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstrip%20antenna" title=" microstrip antenna"> microstrip antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=size%20miniaturized%20antenna" title=" size miniaturized antenna"> size miniaturized antenna</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52829/modified-step-size-patch-array-antenna-for-uwb-wireless-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52829.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">258</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> The Impacts of Digital Marketing Activities on Customers' Purchase Intention via Brand Reputation and Awareness: Empirical Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radwan%20Al%20Dwairi">Radwan Al Dwairi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Melhem"> Sara Melhem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today’s billions of individuals are linked together in real-time using different types of social platforms. Despite the increasing importance of social media marketing activities in enhancing customers’ intention to purchase online; still, the majority of research has concentrated on the impact of such tools on customer satisfaction or retention and neglecting its real role in enhancing brand reputation and awareness, which in turn impact customers’ intention to purchase online. In response, this study aims to close this gap by conducting an empirical study using a qualitative approach by collecting a sample of data from 216 respondents in this domain. Results of the study reveal the significant impact of word-of-mouth, interactions, and influencers on a brand reputation, where the latter positively and significantly impacted customers’ intention to purchase via social platforms. In addition, results show the significant impact of brand reputation on enhancing customers' purchase intention. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brand%20awareness" title="brand awareness">brand awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brand%20reputation" title=" brand reputation"> brand reputation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EWOM" title=" EWOM"> EWOM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=influencers" title=" influencers"> influencers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interaction" title=" interaction"> interaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165751/the-impacts-of-digital-marketing-activities-on-customers-purchase-intention-via-brand-reputation-and-awareness-empirical-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165751.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">95</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Experimental Study on Using the Aluminum Sacrificial Anode as a Cathodic Protection for Marine Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Radwan">A. Radwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Elbatran"> A. Elbatran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mehanna"> A. Mehanna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Shehadeh"> M. Shehadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The corrosion is natural chemical phenomenon that is applied in many engineering structures. Hence, it is one of the important topics to study in the engineering research. Ship and offshore structures are most exposed to corrosion due to the presence of corrosive medium of air and the seawater. Consequently, investigation of the corrosion behavior and properties over ship and offshore hulls is one of the important topics to study in the marine engineering research. Using sacrificial anode is the most popular solution for protecting marine structures from corrosion. Hence, this research investigates the extent of corrosion between the composite ship model and relative velocity of water, along with the sacrificial aluminum anode consumption and its degree of protection in seawater. In this study, the consumption rate of sacrificial aluminum anode with respect to relative velocity at different Reynold’s numbers was studied experimentally, and it was found that, the degree of cathodic protection represented by the cathode potential at a given distance from the aluminum anode was decreased slightly with increment of the relative velocity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title="corrosion">corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reynold%27s%20numbers" title=" Reynold's numbers"> Reynold's numbers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sacrificial%20anode" title=" sacrificial anode"> sacrificial anode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=velocity" title=" velocity"> velocity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62994/experimental-study-on-using-the-aluminum-sacrificial-anode-as-a-cathodic-protection-for-marine-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62994.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">556</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Interaction Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation and Aerobic Exercises on Balance and Physical Performance in Children with Down Syndrome</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20A.%20Eid">Mohamed A. Eid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sobhy%20M.%20Aly"> Sobhy M. Aly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marwa%20M.%20Ibrahim"> Marwa M. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadia%20L.%20%20Radwan"> Nadia L. Radwan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To investigate the interaction effects of vitamin D supplementation combined with aerobic exercises (AE) and conventional physical therapy program (CPTP) on balance and physical performance in children with Down syndrome (DS).Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted for 38 children with DS, with ages ranging from 8 to 12 years. They were divided randomly to two groups. The control group (n=19) received the CPTP, while the study group (n=19) received the CPTP, AE, and vitamin D in the form of an oral daily dose of vitamin D3 400 IU (Cholecalciferol). Evaluation of balance by using the Biodex Stability System and physical performance by using the six-minute walk test (6MWT)was performed before and after 12 weeks of the treatment program. Findings: All groups showed a significant improvement in balance and physical performance after treatment (p < 0.05). The study group showed a significant improvement in balance and physical performancecompared with that of the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation combined with AE and CPTP could improve balance and physical performance in children with DS. Therefore, vitamin D and AEshould be considered as adjunctive to the rehabilitation program of these children. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerobic%20exercises" title="aerobic exercises">aerobic exercises</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=balance" title=" balance"> balance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=down%20syndrome" title=" down syndrome"> down syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20performance" title=" physical performance"> physical performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitamin%20D" title=" vitamin D"> vitamin D</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138154/interaction-effects-of-vitamin-d-supplementation-and-aerobic-exercises-on-balance-and-physical-performance-in-children-with-down-syndrome" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138154.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">232</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> The Photocatalytic Approach for the Conversion of Polluted Seawater CO₂ into Renewable Source of Energy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasar%20N.%20Kavil">Yasar N. Kavil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasser%20A.%20Shaban"> Yasser A. Shaban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radwan%20K.%20Al%20Farawati"> Radwan K. Al Farawati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20I.%20Orif"> Mohamed I. Orif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahed%20U.%20M.%20Khanc"> Shahed U. M. Khanc</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Photocatalytic way of reduction of CO₂ in polluted seawater into chemical fuel, methanol, was successfully gained over Cu/C-co-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles under UV and natural sunlight. A homemade stirred batch annular reactor was used to carry out the photocatalytic reduction experiments. Photocatalysts with various Cu loadings (0, 0.5, 1, 3, 5 and 7 wt.%) were synthesized by the sol-gel procedure and were characterized by XRD, SEM, UV–Vis, FTIR, and XPS. The photocatalytic production of methanol was promoted by the co-doping with C and Cu into TiO₂. This improvement was attributed to the modification of bandgap energy and the hindrance of the charges recombination. The polluted seawater showing the yield depended on its background hydrographic parameters. We assessed two types of polluted seawater system, the observed yield was 2910 and 990 µmol g⁻¹ after 5 h of illumination under UV and natural sunlight respectively in system 1 and the corresponding yield in system 2 was 2250 and 910 µmol g⁻¹ after 5 h of illumination. The production of methanol in the case of oxygen-depleted water was low, this is mainly attributed to the competition of methanogenic bacteria over methanol production. The results indicated that the methanol yield produced by Cu-C/TiO₂ was much higher than those of carbon-modified titanium oxide (C/TiO₂) and Degussa (P25-TiO₂). Under the current experimental condition, the optimum loading was achieved by the doping of 3 wt % of Cu. The highest methanol yield was obtained over 1 g L-1 of 3wt% Cu/C-TiO₂. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%E2%82%82%20photoreduction" title="CO₂ photoreduction">CO₂ photoreduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper" title=" copper"> copper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cu%2FC-co-doped%20TiO%E2%82%82" title=" Cu/C-co-doped TiO₂"> Cu/C-co-doped TiO₂</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methanol" title=" methanol"> methanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seawater" title=" seawater"> seawater</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74488/the-photocatalytic-approach-for-the-conversion-of-polluted-seawater-co2-into-renewable-source-of-energy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74488.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">278</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Geodynamics Behaviour of Greater Cairo as Deduced from 4D Gravity and Seismic Activities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elsayed%20A.%20Issawy">Elsayed A. Issawy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anwar%20H.%20Radwan"> Anwar H. Radwan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recent crustal deformations studies in Egypt are applied on the most active areas with relation to seismic activity. Temporal gravity variations in parallel with the geodetic technique (GPS) were used to monitor recent crustal movements in Egypt since 1997. The non-tidal gravity changes were constrained by the vertical component of surface movements derived from the GPS observations. The gravity changes were used to understand the surface tectonics and geodynamic modelling of the Greater Cairo region after the occurrence of an earthquake of 1992. It was found that there is a certain relation showed by increasing of gravity values before the main seismic activity. As example, relative considerable increase of gravity values was noticed for the network between the epochs of 2000 and 2004. Otherwise, the temporal gravity variations were reported a considerable decrease in gravity values between the two campaigns of 2004 and 2007 for the same stations. This behaviour could explain by compressive deformation and strain build-up stage before the South western Cairo earthquake (July 31, 2005 with magnitude of 4.3) and the stress release stage occurred after the main event. The geodetic measurements showed that, the estimated horizontal velocities for almost of points are 5.5 mm/year in approximately NW direction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20gravity%20variations" title="temporal gravity variations">temporal gravity variations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geodynamics" title=" geodynamics"> geodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greater%20Cairo" title=" greater Cairo"> greater Cairo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recent%20crustal%20movements" title=" recent crustal movements"> recent crustal movements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquakes" title=" earthquakes"> earthquakes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38478/geodynamics-behaviour-of-greater-cairo-as-deduced-from-4d-gravity-and-seismic-activities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38478.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">368</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> New Media and Social Media Laws and Ethics in United Arab Emirates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Farouk%20Radwan">Ahmed Farouk Radwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheren%20%20Mousa"> Sheren Mousa </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are many laws and regulations governing the use of new and social media in the United Arab Emirates. During the past few years, the importance of using these platforms in the fields of media and government communication has increased, as well as at the level of individual use. In 2016, the National Media Council Law was issued to regulate traditional and new media field, and gave the council the power to oversee and undertake the media affairs in the state. NMC is mandated to: Develop the UAE’s media policy, Draft media legislation and ensure its execution and Prohibited media content ,Co-ordinate the media policy between the emirates in line with the UAE’s domestic and foreign policy, Ensure support for the federation and project national unity. All media organizations in the UAE must comply with the regulations and rules issued by council. Social media influencers have to be licensed by NMC if they accept paid ads to be published on their accounts. The study explores other laws concerning of new media and social media regulations and ethics including Combatting Cybercrimes law, Combating Discrimination and Hatred law, The Government Guidelines for social media users in the UAE, The Guidelines for the practices of electronic participation and social networking, Copyright Law, and Child Rights Law. The study clarifies the legal articles, items and standards in all these laws which related with the new media and social platforms and also determines the prohibited digital practices and the cultural norms governing it. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media%20laws" title="media laws">media laws</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media%20ethics" title=" media ethics"> media ethics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20media" title=" new media "> new media </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UAE" title=" UAE"> UAE</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124602/new-media-and-social-media-laws-and-ethics-in-united-arab-emirates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124602.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Nutritional Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Using a Mediterranean Diet</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Radwan">Mohamed Radwan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome is becoming very common among girls from ages 14 to 21 years old, alongside women in their childbearing period. A combination of menstrual irregularities, overweight or obesity, insulin resistance (type 2 diabetes), and symptoms of virilization are characteristics of these cases. Background: A multidisciplinary team should be involved in managing these cases and may consist of A gynecologist, endocrinologist, nutritionist, and psychologist. The role of nutritionists is crucial in these cases in weight reduction and nutritional management. It is mandatory to present some questions that may help in expanding further our understanding of the nutritional management of this syndrome, such as it is not an easy process to reduce the weight of PCO patients (2) we need to know what suitable nutritional plans for these cases are. Methodology: It is not successful to use one diet plan for all patients or a specific plan, but we need to give tailored plans for each patient. We will summarize the medical, nutritional therapy and weight management in polycystic ovary patients and highlight the best eating plan and dietary composition in the treatment of these women. We will also discuss the role of dieticians in treating polycystic ovary cases and overcoming the challenges these women face. Conclusion: All diet plans would decrease the weight of Polycystic ovary cases as low calory diet, low glycemic index diet, high protein diet, as well as Dash diet, but the most suitable diet plan to improve hormones and lead to spontaneous pregnancy is the Mediterranean diet. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obesity" title="obesity">obesity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCO%20mediteranian%20diet" title=" PCO mediteranian diet"> PCO mediteranian diet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dash%20diet" title=" dash diet"> dash diet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20protein%20diet" title=" high protein diet"> high protein diet</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170332/nutritional-management-of-polycystic-ovary-syndrome-using-a-mediterranean-diet" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170332.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Prediction of Road Accidents in Qatar by 2022</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Abou-Amouna">M. Abou-Amouna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Radwan"> A. Radwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Al-kuwari"> L. Al-kuwari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Hammuda"> A. Hammuda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Al-Khalifa"> K. Al-Khalifa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is growing concern over increasing incidences of road accidents and consequent loss of human life in Qatar. In light to the future planned event in Qatar, World Cup 2022; Qatar should put into consideration the future deaths caused by road accidents, and past trends should be considered to give a reasonable picture of what may happen in the future. Qatar roads should be arranged and paved in a way that accommodate high capacity of the population in that time, since then there will be a huge number of visitors from the world. Qatar should also consider the risk issues of road accidents raised in that period, and plan to maintain high level to safety strategies. According to the increase in the number of road accidents in Qatar from 1995 until 2012, an analysis of elements affecting and causing road accidents will be effectively studied. This paper aims to identify and criticize the factors that have high effect on causing road accidents in the state of Qatar, and predict the total number of road accidents in Qatar 2022. Alternative methods are discussed and the most applicable ones according to the previous researches are selected for further studies. The methods that satisfy the existing case in Qatar were the multiple linear regression model (MLR) and artificial neutral network (ANN). Those methods are analyzed and their findings are compared. We conclude that by using MLR the number of accidents in 2022 will become 355,226 accidents, and by using ANN 216,264 accidents. We conclude that MLR gave better results than ANN because the artificial neutral network doesn’t fit data with large range varieties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20safety" title="road safety">road safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prediction" title=" prediction"> prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accident" title=" accident"> accident</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model" title=" model"> model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qatar" title=" Qatar"> Qatar</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5448/prediction-of-road-accidents-in-qatar-by-2022" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5448.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">258</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Investigating the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Developing Creativity in Architecture Education in Egypt: A Case Study of Design Studios</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Radwan">Ahmed Radwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Abdel%20Ghaney"> Ahmed Abdel Ghaney</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper delves into the transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in fostering creativity within the domain of architecture education, especially with a specific emphasis on its implications within the Design Studios; the convergence of AI and architectural pedagogy has introduced avenues for redefining the boundaries of creative expression and problem-solving. By harnessing AI-driven tools, students and educators can collaboratively explore a spectrum of design possibilities, stimulate innovative ideation, and engage in multidimensional design processes. This paper investigates the ways in which AI contributes to architectural creativity by facilitating generative design, pattern recognition, virtual reality experiences, and sustainable design optimization. Furthermore, the study examines the balance between AI-enhanced creativity and the preservation of core principles of architectural design/education, ensuring that technology is harnessed to augment rather than replace foundational design skills. Through an exploration of Egypt's architectural heritage and contemporary challenges, this research underscores how AI can synergize with cultural context and historical insights to inspire cutting-edge architectural solutions. By analyzing AI's impact on nurturing creativity among Egyptian architecture students, this paper seeks to contribute to the ongoing discourse on the integration of technology within global architectural education paradigms. It is hoped that this research will guide the thoughtful incorporation of AI in fostering creativity while preserving the authenticity and richness of architectural design education in Egypt and beyond. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architecture" title="architecture">architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title=" artificial intelligence"> artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architecture%20education" title=" architecture education"> architecture education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egypt" title=" Egypt"> Egypt</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171800/investigating-the-role-of-artificial-intelligence-in-developing-creativity-in-architecture-education-in-egypt-a-case-study-of-design-studios" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171800.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Relation between Chronic Mechanical Low Back Pain and Hip Rotation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20M.%20Diab">Mohamed M. Diab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koura%20G.%20Mohamed"> Koura G. Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Balbaa"> A. Balbaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radwan%20Sh.%20Ahamed"> Radwan Sh. Ahamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Chronic mechanical low back pain (CMLBP) is the most common complaint of the working-age population. Mechanical low back pain is often a chronic, dull, aching pain of varying intensity that affects the lower spine. In the current proposal the hip rotation-CMLBP relationship is based on that limited hip motion will be compensated by motion in the lumbopelvic region and this increase force translates to the lumbar spine. The purpose of this study was to investigate if there a relationship between chronic mechanical low back pain (CMLBP) and hip medial and lateral rotation (peak torque and Range of motion (ROM) in patients with CMLBP. Methods: Sixty patients with CMLBP diagnosed by an orthopedist participated in the current study after signing a consent form. Their mean of age was (23.76±2.39) years, mean of weight (71.8±12.7) (Kg), mean of height (169.65±7.49) (Cm) and mean of BMI (25.5±3.86) (Kg/m2). Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to assess pain. Fluid Filled Inclinometer was used to measure Hip rotation ROM (medial and lateral). Isokinetic Dynamometer was used to measure peak torque of hip rotators muscles (medial and lateral), concentric peak torque with tow Isokinetic speeds (60ᵒ/sec and 180ᵒ/sec) was selected to measure peak torque. Results: The results of this study demonstrated that there is poor relationship between pain and hip external rotation ROM, also there is poor relation between pain and hip internal rotation ROM. There is poor relation between pain and hip internal rotators peak torque and hip external rotators peak torque in both speeds. Conclusion: Depending on the current study it is not recommended to give an importance to hip rotation in treating Chronic Mechanical Low Back Pain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hip%20rotation%20ROM" title="hip rotation ROM">hip rotation ROM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hip%20rotators%20strength" title=" hip rotators strength"> hip rotators strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20back%20pain" title=" low back pain"> low back pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20mechanical" title=" chronic mechanical"> chronic mechanical</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23698/relation-between-chronic-mechanical-low-back-pain-and-hip-rotation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23698.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Clustering for Detection of the Population at Risk of Anticholinergic Medication</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Shirazibeheshti">A. Shirazibeheshti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Radwan"> T. Radwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ettefaghian"> A. Ettefaghian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Wilson"> G. Wilson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Luca"> C. Luca</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farbod%20Khanizadeh"> Farbod Khanizadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Anticholinergic medication has been associated with events such as falls, delirium, and cognitive impairment in older patients. To further assess this, anticholinergic burden scores have been developed to quantify risk. A risk model based on clustering was deployed in a healthcare management system to cluster patients into multiple risk groups according to anticholinergic burden scores of multiple medicines prescribed to patients to facilitate clinical decision-making. To do so, anticholinergic burden scores of drugs were extracted from the literature, which categorizes the risk on a scale of 1 to 3. Given the patients’ prescription data on the healthcare database, a weighted anticholinergic risk score was derived per patient based on the prescription of multiple anticholinergic drugs. This study was conducted on over 300,000 records of patients currently registered with a major regional UK-based healthcare provider. The weighted risk scores were used as inputs to an unsupervised learning algorithm (mean-shift clustering) that groups patients into clusters that represent different levels of anticholinergic risk. To further evaluate the performance of the model, any association between the average risk score within each group and other factors such as socioeconomic status (i.e., Index of Multiple Deprivation) and an index of health and disability were investigated. The clustering identifies a group of 15 patients at the highest risk from multiple anticholinergic medication. Our findings also show that this group of patients is located within more deprived areas of London compared to the population of other risk groups. Furthermore, the prescription of anticholinergic medicines is more skewed to female than male patients, indicating that females are more at risk from this kind of multiple medications. The risk may be monitored and controlled in well artificial intelligence-equipped healthcare management systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anticholinergic%20medicines" title="anticholinergic medicines">anticholinergic medicines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering" title=" clustering"> clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deprivation" title=" deprivation"> deprivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socioeconomic%20status" title=" socioeconomic status"> socioeconomic status</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142847/clustering-for-detection-of-the-population-at-risk-of-anticholinergic-medication" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142847.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">212</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Evaluating the Dosimetric Performance for 3D Treatment Planning System for Wedged and Off-Axis Fields</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nashaat%20A.%20Deiab">Nashaat A. Deiab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aida%20Radwan"> Aida Radwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20S.%20Yahiya"> Mohamed S. Yahiya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Elnagdy"> Mohamed Elnagdy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rasha%20Moustafa"> Rasha Moustafa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is to evaluate the dosimetric performance of our institution's 3D treatment planning system for wedged and off-axis 6MV photon beams, guided by the recommended QA tests documented in the AAPM TG53; NCS report 15 test packages, IAEA TRS 430 and ESTRO booklet no.7. The study was performed for Elekta Precise linear accelerator designed for clinical range of 4, 6 and 15 MV photon beams with asymmetric jaws and fully integrated multileaf collimator that enables high conformance to target with sharp field edges. Ten tests were applied on solid water equivalent phantom along with 2D array dose detection system. The calculated doses using 3D treatment planning system PrecisePLAN were compared with measured doses to make sure that the dose calculations are accurate for simple situations such as square and elongated fields, different SSD, beam modifiers e.g. wedges, blocks, MLC-shaped fields and asymmetric collimator settings. The QA results showed dosimetric accuracy of the TPS within the specified tolerance limits. Except for large elongated wedged field, the central axis and outside central axis have errors of 0.2% and 0.5%, respectively, and off- planned and off-axis elongated fields the region outside the central axis of the beam errors are 0.2% and 1.1%, respectively. The dosimetric investigated results yielded differences within the accepted tolerance level as recommended. Differences between dose values predicted by the TPS and measured values at the same point are the result from limitations of the dose calculation, uncertainties in the measurement procedure, or fluctuations in the output of the accelerator. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20assurance" title="quality assurance">quality assurance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dose%20calculation" title=" dose calculation"> dose calculation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wedged%20fields" title=" wedged fields"> wedged fields</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=off-axis%20fields" title=" off-axis fields"> off-axis fields</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20treatment%0D%0Aplanning%20system" title=" 3D treatment planning system"> 3D treatment planning system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photon%20beam" title=" photon beam"> photon beam</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11134/evaluating-the-dosimetric-performance-for-3d-treatment-planning-system-for-wedged-and-off-axis-fields" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11134.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">446</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) Applications for Interactive and Engaging Classrooms: APPsolutely!</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajda%20Osifo">Ajda Osifo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amanda%20Radwan"> Amanda Radwan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) or m-learning which is defined as learning with mobile devices that can be utilized in any place that is equipped with unbroken transmission signals, has created new opportunities and challenges for educational use. It introduced a new learning model combining new types of mobile devices, wireless communication services and technologies with teaching and learning. Recent advancements in the mobile world such as the Apple IOS devices (IPhone, IPod Touch and IPad), Android devices and other smartphone devices and environments (such as Windows Phone 7 and Blackberry), allowed learning to be more flexible inside and outside the classroom, making the learning experience unique, adaptable and tailored to each user. Creativity, learner autonomy, collaboration and digital practices of language learners are encouraged as well as innovative pedagogical applications, like the flipped classroom, for such practices in classroom contexts are enhanced. These developments are gradually embedded in daily life and they also seem to be heralding the sustainable move to paperless classrooms. Since mobile technologies are increasingly viewed as a main platform for delivery, we as educators need to design our activities, materials and learning environments in such a way to ensure that learners are engaged and feel comfortable. For the purposes of our session, several core MALL applications that work on the Apple IPad/IPhone will be explored; the rationale and steps needed to successfully implement these applications will be discussed and student examples will be showcased. The focus of the session will be on the following points: 1-Our current pedagogical approach, 2-The rationale and several core MALL apps, 3-Possible Challenges for Teachers and Learners, 4-Future implications. This session is aimed at instructors who are interested in integrating MALL apps into their own classroom planning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MALL" title="MALL">MALL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20technology" title=" educational technology"> educational technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iPads" title=" iPads"> iPads</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apps" title=" apps"> apps</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11636/mobile-assisted-language-learning-mall-applications-for-interactive-and-engaging-classrooms-appsolutely" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11636.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Vehicle Activity Characterization Approach to Quantify On-Road Mobile Source Emissions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hatem%20Abou-Senna">Hatem Abou-Senna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Essam%20Radwan"> Essam Radwan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Transportation agencies and researchers in the past have estimated emissions using one average speed and volume on a long stretch of roadway. Other methods provided better accuracy utilizing annual average estimates. Travel demand models provided an intermediate level of detail through average daily volumes. Currently, higher accuracy can be established utilizing microscopic analyses by splitting the network links into sub-links and utilizing second-by-second trajectories to calculate emissions. The need to accurately quantify transportation-related emissions from vehicles is essential. This paper presents an examination of four different approaches to capture the environmental impacts of vehicular operations on a 10-mile stretch of Interstate 4 (I-4), an urban limited access highway in Orlando, Florida. First, (at the most basic level), emissions were estimated for the entire 10-mile section 'by hand' using one average traffic volume and average speed. Then, three advanced levels of detail were studied using VISSIM/MOVES to analyze smaller links: average speeds and volumes (AVG), second-by-second link drive schedules (LDS), and second-by-second operating mode distributions (OPMODE). This paper analyzes how the various approaches affect predicted emissions of CO, NOx, PM2.5, PM10, and CO2. The results demonstrate that obtaining precise and comprehensive operating mode distributions on a second-by-second basis provides more accurate emission estimates. Specifically, emission rates are highly sensitive to stop-and-go traffic and the associated driving cycles of acceleration, deceleration, and idling. Using the AVG or LDS approach may overestimate or underestimate emissions, respectively, compared to an operating mode distribution approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limited%20access%20highways" title="limited access highways">limited access highways</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MOVES" title=" MOVES"> MOVES</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operating%20mode%20distribution%20%28OPMODE%29" title=" operating mode distribution (OPMODE)"> operating mode distribution (OPMODE)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transportation%20emissions" title=" transportation emissions"> transportation emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicle%20specific%20power%20%28VSP%29" title=" vehicle specific power (VSP)"> vehicle specific power (VSP)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34796/vehicle-activity-characterization-approach-to-quantify-on-road-mobile-source-emissions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34796.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">339</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Open Fields' Dosimetric Verification for a Commercially-Used 3D Treatment Planning System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nashaat%20A.%20Deiab">Nashaat A. Deiab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aida%20Radwan"> Aida Radwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Elnagdy"> Mohamed Elnagdy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20S.%20Yahiya"> Mohamed S. Yahiya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rasha%20Moustafa"> Rasha Moustafa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is to evaluate and investigate the dosimetric performance of our institution's 3D treatment planning system, Elekta PrecisePLAN, for open 6MV fields including square, rectangular, variation in SSD, centrally blocked, missing tissue, square MLC and MLC shaped fields guided by the recommended QA tests prescribed in AAPM TG53, NCS report 15 test packages, IAEA TRS 430 and ESTRO booklet no.7. The study was performed for Elekta Precise linear accelerator designed for clinical range of 4, 6 and 15 MV photon beams with asymmetric jaws and fully integrated multileaf collimator that enables high conformance to target with sharp field edges. Seven different tests were done applied on solid water equivalent phantom along with 2D array dose detection system, the calculated doses using 3D treatment planning system PrecisePLAN, compared with measured doses to make sure that the dose calculations are accurate for open fields including square, rectangular, variation in SSD, centrally blocked, missing tissue, square MLC and MLC shaped fields. The QA results showed dosimetric accuracy of the TPS for open fields within the specified tolerance limits. However large square (25cm x 25cm) and rectangular fields (20cm x 5cm) some points were out of tolerance in penumbra region (11.38 % and 10.9 %, respectively). For the test of SSD variation, the large field resulted from SSD 125 cm for 10cm x 10cm filed the results recorded an error of 0.2% at the central axis and 1.01% in penumbra. The results yielded differences within the accepted tolerance level as recommended. Large fields showed variations in penumbra. These differences between dose values predicted by the TPS and the measured values at the same point may result from limitations of the dose calculation, uncertainties in the measurement procedure, or fluctuations in the output of the accelerator. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20assurance" title="quality assurance">quality assurance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dose%20calculation" title=" dose calculation"> dose calculation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20treatment%20planning%20system" title=" 3D treatment planning system"> 3D treatment planning system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photon%20beam" title=" photon beam"> photon beam</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11429/open-fields-dosimetric-verification-for-a-commercially-used-3d-treatment-planning-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11429.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">517</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Performance Evaluation of Various Displaced Left Turn Intersection Designs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hatem%20Abou-Senna">Hatem Abou-Senna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Essam%20Radwan"> Essam Radwan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With increasing traffic and limited resources, accommodating left-turning traffic has been a challenge for traffic engineers as they seek balance between intersection capacity and safety; these are two conflicting goals in the operation of a signalized intersection that are mitigated through signal phasing techniques. Hence, to increase the left-turn capacity and reduce the delay at the intersections, the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) moves forward with a vision of optimizing intersection control using innovative intersection designs through the Transportation Systems Management & Operations (TSM&O) program. These alternative designs successfully eliminate the left-turn phase, which otherwise reduces the conventional intersection’s (CI) efficiency considerably, and divide the intersection into smaller networks that would operate in a one-way fashion. This study focused on the Crossover Displaced Left-turn intersections (XDL), also known as Continuous Flow Intersections (CFI). The XDL concept is best suited for intersections with moderate to high overall traffic volumes, especially those with very high or unbalanced left turn volumes. There is little guidance on determining whether partial XDL intersections are adequate to mitigate the overall intersection condition or full XDL is always required. The primary objective of this paper was to evaluate the overall intersection performance in the case of different partial XDL designs compared to a full XDL. The XDL alternative was investigated for 4 different scenarios; partial XDL on the east-west approaches, partial XDL on the north-south approaches, partial XDL on the north and east approaches and full XDL on all 4 approaches. Also, the impact of increasing volume on the intersection performance was considered by modeling the unbalanced volumes with 10% increment resulting in 5 different traffic scenarios. The study intersection, located in Orlando Florida, is experiencing recurring congestion in the PM peak hour and is operating near capacity with volume to a capacity ratio closer to 1.00 due to the presence of two heavy conflicting movements; southbound and westbound. The results showed that a partial EN XDL alternative proved to be effective and compared favorably to a full XDL alternative followed by the partial EW XDL alternative. The analysis also showed that Full, EW and EN XDL alternatives outperformed the NS XDL and the CI alternatives with respect to the throughput, delay and queue lengths. Significant throughput improvements were remarkable at the higher volume level with percent increase in capacity of 25%. The percent reduction in delay for the critical movements in the XDL scenarios compared to the CI scenario ranged from 30-45%. Similarly, queue lengths showed percent reduction in the XDL scenarios ranging from 25-40%. The analysis revealed how partial XDL design can improve the overall intersection performance at various demands, reduce the costs associated with full XDL and proved to outperform the conventional intersection. However, partial XDL serving low volumes or only one of the critical movements while other critical movements are operating near or above capacity do not provide significant benefits when compared to the conventional intersection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continuous%20flow%20intersections" title="continuous flow intersections">continuous flow intersections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crossover%20displaced%20left-turn" title=" crossover displaced left-turn"> crossover displaced left-turn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microscopic%20traffic%20simulation" title=" microscopic traffic simulation"> microscopic traffic simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transportation%20system%20management%20and%20operations" title=" transportation system management and operations"> transportation system management and operations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VISSIM%20simulation%20model" title=" VISSIM simulation model"> VISSIM simulation model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59682/performance-evaluation-of-various-displaced-left-turn-intersection-designs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59682.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Bio-Electro Chemical Catalysis: Redox Interactions, Storm and Waste Water Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Radwan%20Omary">Michael Radwan Omary</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Context: This scientific innovation demonstrate organic catalysis engineered media effective desalination of surface and groundwater. The author has developed a technology called “Storm-Water Ions Filtration Treatment” (SWIFTTM) cold reactor modules designed to retrofit typical urban street storm drains or catch basins. SWIFT triggers biochemical redox reactions with water stream-embedded toxic total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC). SWIFTTM Catalysts media unlock the sub-molecular bond energy, break down toxic chemical bonds, and neutralize toxic molecules, bacteria and pathogens. Research Aim: This research aims to develop and design lower O&M cost, zero-brine discharge, energy input-free, chemical-free water desalination and disinfection systems. The objective is to provide an effective resilient and sustainable solution to urban storm-water and groundwater decontamination and disinfection. Methodology: We focused on the development of organic, non-chemical, no-plugs, no pumping, non-polymer and non-allergenic approaches for water and waste water desalination and disinfection. SWIFT modules operate by directing the water stream to flow freely through the electrically charged media cold reactor, generating weak interactions with a water-dissolved electrically conductive molecule, resulting in the neutralization of toxic molecules. The system is powered by harvesting sub-molecular bonds embedded in energy. Findings: The SWIFTTM Technology case studies at CSU-CI and CSU-Fresno Water Institute, demonstrated consistently high reduction of all 40 detected waste-water pollutants including pathogens to levels below a state of California Department of Water Resources “Drinking Water Maximum Contaminants Levels”. The technology has proved effective in reducing pollutants such as arsenic, beryllium, mercury, selenium, glyphosate, benzene, and E. coli bacteria. The technology has also been successfully applied to the decontamination of dissolved chemicals, water pathogens, organic compounds and radiological agents. Theoretical Importance: SWIFT technology development, design, engineering, and manufacturing, offer cutting-edge advancement in achieving clean-energy source bio-catalysis media solution, an energy input free water and waste water desalination and disinfection. A significant contribution to institutions and municipalities achieving sustainable, lower cost, zero-brine and zero CO2 discharges clean energy water desalination. Data Collection and Analysis Procedures: The researchers collected data on the performance of the SWIFTTM technology in reducing the levels of various pollutants in water. The data was analyzed by comparing the reduction achieved by the SWIFTTM technology to the Drinking Water Maximum Contaminants Levels set by the state of California. The researchers also conducted live oral presentations to showcase the applications of SWIFTTM technology in storm water capture and decontamination as well as providing clean drinking water during emergencies. Conclusion: The SWIFTTM Technology has demonstrated its capability to effectively reduce pollutants in water and waste water to levels below regulatory standards. The Technology offers a sustainable solution to groundwater and storm-water treatments. Further development and implementation of the SWIFTTM Technology have the potential to treat storm water to be reused as a new source of drinking water and an ambient source of clean and healthy local water for recharge of ground water. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalysis" title="catalysis">catalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio%20electro%20interactions" title=" bio electro interactions"> bio electro interactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20desalination" title=" water desalination"> water desalination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weak-interactions" title=" weak-interactions"> weak-interactions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175695/bio-electro-chemical-catalysis-redox-interactions-storm-and-waste-water-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175695.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">67</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); 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