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searchaux" style="display:none">Japanese Nichiren buddhist and nationalist (1861–1939)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" 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href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Japanese_name" title="Japanese name">Japanese name</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a> is <i> Tanaka</i>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Tanaka Chigaku</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%;">田中智學</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:%E7%94%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%99%BA%E5%AD%A6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/%E7%94%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%99%BA%E5%AD%A6.jpg/220px-%E7%94%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%99%BA%E5%AD%A6.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/%E7%94%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%99%BA%E5%AD%A6.jpg/330px-%E7%94%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%99%BA%E5%AD%A6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/%E7%94%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%99%BA%E5%AD%A6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="433" data-file-height="640" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Tanaka Chigaku around 1890</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Tada Tomonosuke</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1861-12-14</span>)</span>December 14, 1861<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Edo" title="Edo">Edo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">November 17, 1939<span style="display:none">(1939-11-17)</span> (aged 77)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, Japan</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Japanese</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Statism_in_Sh%C5%8Dwa_Japan" title="Statism in Shōwa Japan">Statism in Shōwa Japan</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.8em 0 1.4em;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Taisei_Yokusankai.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Taisei_Yokusankai.svg/80px-Taisei_Yokusankai.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Taisei_Yokusankai.svg/120px-Taisei_Yokusankai.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Taisei_Yokusankai.svg/160px-Taisei_Yokusankai.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="352" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #841B2D;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations and factions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Rule_Assistance_Association" title="Imperial Rule Assistance Association">Imperial Rule Assistance Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Rule_Assistance_Political_Association" title="Imperial Rule Assistance Political Association">Imperial Rule Assistance Political Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokusan_Sonendan" title="Yokusan Sonendan">Yokusan Sonendan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Spiritual_Mobilization_Movement_(Japan)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Spiritual Mobilization Movement (Japan)">National Spiritual Mobilization Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Diet_Members_Supporting_the_Prosecution_of_the_Holy_War" title="League of Diet Members Supporting the Prosecution of the Holy War">League of Diet Members Supporting the Prosecution of the Holy War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Japan_Youth_Party" title="Great Japan Youth Party">Great Japan Youth Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_Kenky%C5%ABkai" title="Shōwa Kenkyūkai">Shōwa Kenkyūkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dd%C5%8Dha" class="mw-redirect" title="Kōdōha">Kōdōha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26_Incident#The_"young_officers"" class="mw-redirect" title="February 26 Incident">Young Officers Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dseiha" title="Tōseiha">Tōseiha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokuhonsha" title="Kokuhonsha">National Foundation Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Ocean_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Ocean Society">Black Ocean Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_Blossom_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherry Blossom Society">Cherry Blossom Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Committee_on_Trade_and_Information" title="Japanese Committee on Trade and Information">Japanese Committee on Trade and Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_faction" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleet faction">Fleet faction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%ABzonsha" title="Yūzonsha">Yūzonsha</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #841B2D;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Events</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="March Incident">March Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukden_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukden Incident">Mukden Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations#Mukden_Incident:_Japan_seizes_Manchuria_from_China_1931-1932" title="League of Nations">Withdrawal from the League of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Colors_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Colors Incident">Imperial Colors Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Blood_Incident" title="League of Blood Incident">League of Blood Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_15_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="May 15 Incident">May 15 Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Academy_incident" title="Military Academy incident">Military Academy Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Naval_Treaty#Japanese_denunciation" title="Washington Naval Treaty">Withdrawal from the Washington Naval Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="February 26 Incident">February 26 Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo_Bridge_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Marco Polo Bridge Incident">Marco Polo Bridge Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_General_Mobilization_Law" title="State General Mobilization Law">State General Mobilization Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Pact" title="Tripartite Pact">Tripartite Pact</a></li> <li>Formation of the <a href="/wiki/Taisei_Yokusankai" class="mw-redirect" title="Taisei Yokusankai">Taisei Yokusankai</a></li> <li>Appointment of <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Tojo" title="Hideki Tojo">Hideki Tojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABj%C5%8D_incident" title="Kyūjō incident">Kyūjō incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purge_(occupied_Japan)" title="Purge (occupied Japan)">Purge</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #841B2D;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statism" title="Statism">Statism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Japanese_nationalism" title="Japanese nationalism">Shintaisei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kokutai" title="Kokutai">Kokutai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yamato-damashii" title="Yamato-damashii">Yamato-damashii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bushido" title="Bushido">Bushido</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gekokuj%C5%8D" title="Gekokujō">Gekokujō</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultranationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">State capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_militarism" title="Japanese militarism">Militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Shinto" title="State Shinto">State Shinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere" title="Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere">Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_Restoration" title="Shōwa Restoration">Shōwa Restoration</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hakk%C5%8D_ichiu" title="Hakkō ichiu">Hakkō ichiu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansionism" title="Expansionism">Expansionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Japan_during_the_Second_Sino-Japanese_War_and_World_War_II" title="Propaganda in Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Asianism" title="Pan-Asianism">Pan-Asianism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #841B2D;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fumimaro_Konoe" title="Fumimaro Konoe">Fumimaro Konoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hideki_Tojo" title="Hideki Tojo">Hideki Tojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadao_Araki" title="Sadao Araki">Sadao Araki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikki_Kita" title="Ikki Kita">Ikki Kita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%ABmei_%C5%8Ckawa" title="Shūmei Ōkawa">Shūmei Ōkawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uesugi_Shinkichi" title="Uesugi Shinkichi">Uesugi Shinkichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koki_Hirota" class="mw-redirect" title="Koki Hirota">Koki Hirota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobusuke_Kishi" title="Nobusuke Kishi">Nobusuke Kishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nissh%C5%8D_Inoue" title="Nisshō Inoue">Nisshō Inoue</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tanaka Chigaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masanobu_Tsuji" title="Masanobu Tsuji">Masanobu Tsuji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzabur%C5%8D_Masaki" title="Jinzaburō Masaki">Jinzaburō Masaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuniaki_Koiso" title="Kuniaki Koiso">Kuniaki Koiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiranuma_Kiichir%C5%8D" title="Hiranuma Kiichirō">Hiranuma Kiichirō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanji_Ishiwara" title="Kanji Ishiwara">Kanji Ishiwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingoro_Hashimoto" title="Kingoro Hashimoto">Kingoro Hashimoto</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #841B2D;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes" title="Japanese war crimes">Atrocities</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes#Mass_killings" title="Japanese war crimes">Mass killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_massacre" title="Manila massacre">Manila massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bataan_Death_March" title="Bataan Death March">Bataan Death March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre" title="Nanjing Massacre">Nanjing Massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sook_Ching" title="Sook Ching">Sook Ching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hell_ship" title="Hell ship">Hell ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comfort_women" title="Comfort women">Sexual slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changde" title="Battle of Changde">Use of chemical weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unit_731" title="Unit 731">Human experimentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Japan#World_War_II" title="Slavery in Japan">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unit_731#Biological_warfare" title="Unit 731">Use of biological weapons</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #841B2D;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Media and literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shinmin_no_Michi" title="Shinmin no Michi">Shinmin no Michi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/How_Japan_Plans_to_Win" title="How Japan Plans to Win">How Japan Plans to Win</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Momotaro:_Sacred_Sailors" title="Momotaro: Sacred Sailors">Momotaro: Sacred Sailors</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Momotar%C5%8D_no_Umiwashi" title="Momotarō no Umiwashi">Momotarō no Umiwashi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moyuru_%C5%8Dzora" title="Moyuru ōzora">Moyuru ōzora</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Most_Beautiful" title="The Most Beautiful">The Most Beautiful</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ode_of_Showa_Restoration" title="Ode of Showa Restoration">Ode of Showa Restoration</a>"</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #841B2D;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_cover-up_of_Japanese_war_crimes" title="American cover-up of Japanese war crimes">American cover-up of Japanese war crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_system" title="Emperor system">Emperor system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East" title="International Military Tribunal for the Far East">International Military Tribunal for the Far East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_history_textbook_controversies" title="Japanese history textbook controversies">Japanese history textbook controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_collaborators_with_Imperial_Japan" title="Korean collaborators with Imperial Japan">Korean collaborators with Imperial Japan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uyoku_dantai" title="Uyoku dantai">Uyoku dantai</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sh%C5%8Dwa_Statism" title="Template:Shōwa Statism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sh%C5%8Dwa_Statism" title="Template talk:Shōwa Statism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sh%C5%8Dwa_Statism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shōwa Statism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Tanaka Chigaku</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">田中智學</span></span>, December 14, 1861 – November 17, 1939)</span> was a <a href="/wiki/Japanese_people" title="Japanese people">Japanese</a> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> scholar and preacher of <a href="/wiki/Nichiren_Buddhism" title="Nichiren Buddhism">Nichiren Buddhism</a>, orator, writer and <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">ultranationalist</a> propagandist in the <a href="/wiki/Meiji_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiji period">Meiji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taish%C5%8D_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Taishō period">Taishō</a> and early <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Shōwa period">Shōwa periods</a>. He is considered to be the father of <a href="/wiki/Nichirenism" title="Nichirenism">Nichirenism</a>, the fiercely ultranationalistic blend of Nichiren Buddhism and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Nationalism">Japanese Nationalism</a> espoused by such figures as <a href="/wiki/Nissho_Inoue" class="mw-redirect" title="Nissho Inoue">Nissho Inoue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanji_Ishiwara" title="Kanji Ishiwara">Kanji Ishiwara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ikki_Kita" title="Ikki Kita">Ikki Kita</a>. Notably, however, the children's writer, poet, and rural activist <a href="/wiki/Kenji_Miyazawa" title="Kenji Miyazawa">Kenji Miyazawa</a> also idolized Tanaka, and both Miyazawa and Ishiwara joined his flagship organization, the <a href="/wiki/Kokuch%C5%ABkai" title="Kokuchūkai">Kokuchūkai</a>, in 1920. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanaka_Chigaku&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born Tada Tomonosuke in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> (then called <a href="/wiki/Edo" title="Edo">Edo</a>), the third son of a noted physician and former devotee of <a href="/wiki/Pure_Land_Buddhism" title="Pure Land Buddhism">Pure Land Buddhism</a> who had converted to <a href="/wiki/Nichiren_Buddhism" title="Nichiren Buddhism">Nichiren Buddhism</a>, Tanaka was placed under the care of the Rev. Kawase Nichiren following the death of his parents in 1870. Enrolled as a novice at Kawase's temple, he later entered the Nichiren Buddhist academy of Daikyo-in (the predecessor to <a href="/wiki/Rissho_University" title="Rissho University">Rissho University</a>), during which time he adopted the sobriquet "Chigaku", meaning "Wisdom and Learning". </p><p>However, during this time, Tanaka came to be disillusioned with the sect's leadership, who he considered too passive in their teachings, and in 1879 he abandoned the priesthood and set out to establish himself as a lay preacher of the "true" Nichiren Buddhism. Briefly employed at a <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> engineering company in <a href="/wiki/Yokohama" title="Yokohama">Yokohama</a>, he was quickly drawn to religious proselytizing, joining the lay organization Nichirenkai (日蓮会) as a preacher, in which capacity he honed his public speaking skills and developed his own distinct uncompromising Nichiren doctrine, which he came to refer to as "<a href="/wiki/Nichirenism" title="Nichirenism">Nichirenism</a>" (日蓮主義, <i>Nichirenshugi</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution_of_spiritual-political_philosophy">Evolution of spiritual-political philosophy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanaka_Chigaku&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Evolution of spiritual-political philosophy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1890s saw Tanaka's spiritual philosophy evolve in an increasingly nationalistic manner, taking to concluding his works with the twin salutations of <a href="/wiki/Namu_My%C5%8Dh%C5%8D_Renge_Ky%C5%8D" title="Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō">Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō</a> "Homage to the <i>Lotus Sutra</i>" and "Imperial Japan for Ever and Ever" (日本帝国万々歳<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja">Nippon teikoku banbanzai</i></span>)</span>). The decade saw him carry out extensive lecturing tours throughout Japan and establish his Nichiren study group, Rissho Ankokukai (立正安国会) from his new base in <a href="/wiki/Kamakura,_Kanagawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamakura, Kanagawa">Kamakura</a>. </p><p>A noted <a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">anti-Christian</a> and staunch opponent of Christian missionaries in Japan, he applauded Japan's triumph in the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a> in 1905, stating that "The war with <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> is divinely inspired to make Japanese citizens aware of their heavenly task."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1908, he moved his base to <a href="/wiki/Miho_no_Matsubara" title="Miho no Matsubara">Miho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shizuoka_Prefecture" title="Shizuoka Prefecture">Shizuoka Prefecture</a>, where he would write his most famous work, "The Doctrine of Saint Nichiren" (日蓮聖人の教義<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja">Nichiren shonin no kyogi</i></span>)</span>) in 1911, in which he casts the radical 13th century priest <a href="/wiki/Nichiren" title="Nichiren">Nichiren</a> as the champion of the Japanese nation, and called for world unification through Nichirenism with the emperor as its core. "Japan's very purpose of existence," he writes, "is the implementation of this plan, as a country conceived for building Nichiren Buddhism."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>in 1914, Tanaka amalgamated all of his followers into a single organization, the (国柱会<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja">Kokuchūkai</i></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">National Pillar Society</i></span>)</span> based in Miho. He would maintain a busy lecture schedule until illness curtailed his activities in the late 1930s, traveling not only throughout Japan but also embarking on speaking tours of <a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">Japanese-occupied Korea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a>, where he supported and gave lectures to <a href="/wiki/Puyi" title="Puyi">Puyi</a>, who had been appointed Emperor of Manchukuo. His nationalist and imperialist convictions only hardened with age, believing that Japan's 1931 takeover of <a href="/wiki/Manchuria" title="Manchuria">Manchuria</a> was divinely ordained and part of a divine plan to spread the "true" Nichiren Buddhism throughout Asia. He even went as far as to compile diagrams of the states in which the "Nichirenization" of the world would take place. By the 1950s he foresaw a total of 19,900 students, 19,200 instructors and 23,033,250 followers spread across the Asia-Pacific region reaching as far as <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tanaka was also a convinced <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">anti-Semite</a> who argued that Jews were fomenting social unrest in order to rule the world and that they advocated liberalism, especially within academic circles, as part of their plan to destroy the people's moral sense.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While best known as a preacher and an orator, Tanaka was also a skilled poet and dramatist with a keen interest in the traditional theatrical arts of Japan. He wrote and performed numerous plays, all with a heavily moralistic undertone, and produced a volume of essays, songs and poems. </p><p>Tanaka died in 1939 at the age of 79, and is entombed in the Myoshu Mausoleum in Tokyo. His son, Dr. Satomi Kishio, took over the reins of his organization, and remained a staunch defender of his father in the postwar era when numerous academics denounced him as a <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascist</a> for his ideology's links to such <a href="/wiki/Nationalism#Ultranationalism" title="Nationalism">ultranationalist</a> figures as Nissho and Kita. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanaka_Chigaku&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lee, p. 28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hori, pp. 174–175</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lee, p. 27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFVictoria2003" class="citation book cs1">Victoria, Brian (2003). <i>Zen War Stories</i>. Routledge Curzon. p. 80.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zen+War+Stories&rft.pages=80&rft.pub=Routledge+Curzon&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Victoria&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanaka+Chigaku" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanaka_Chigaku&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>堀まきよう (Hori Makiyo), 「井上日召の`カギの折伏、：血盟団事件について」("Inoue Nissho and his Terrorist Ideology: Some Notes on the Blood-Pledge Corps Incident") in the <i>Waseda Journal of Political Science and Economics</i> (早稲田政治経済学雑誌) 328 (1996).</li> <li>Gerald Iguchi, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://escholarship.org/uc/item/53m639t5"><i>Nichirenism as Modernism: Imperialism, Fascism, and Buddhism in Modern Japan</i></a> (Ph.D. Dissertation), University of California, San Diego, 2006 -</li> <li>Godart, G. Clinton, "Nichirenism, Utopianism, and Modernity: Rethinking Ishiwara Kanji’s East Asia League Movement," Japanese Journal of Religious Studies, 42/2: 235–274</li> <li>Edwin Lee, "Nichiren and Nationalism: The Religious Patriotism of Tanaka Chigaku," in <i>Monumenta Nipponica</i> 30:1 (1975).</li> <li>Murakami Shigeyoshi. Japanese Religion in the Modern Century. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 1908, pp. 19–32</li> <li>大谷栄一 (Ōtani Ei'ichi), 『近代日本の日蓮主義運動』 (<i>Modern Japan's Nichirenism Movement</i>), Kyōto: Hōzōkan, 2001.</li> <li>George Tanabe Jr., " "Tanaka Chigaku: The Lotus Sūtra and the Body Politic," in G. Tanabe, ed. <i>The Lotus Sūtra in Japanese Culture</i>. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 1989.</li> <li>戸頃重基 (Tokoro Shigemoto), 『近代日本宗教とナショナリズム』(<i>Modern Japanese Religion and Nationalism</i>), Tokyo: Fuzanbo Press, 1966.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tnewfields.info/sb/tan.htm">Shizuoka Profiles: Tanaka Chigaku (En.)</a></li> <li>Kishio Satomi; Chigaku Tanaka, Discovery of Japanese idealism, London : K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. ; New York : E.P. Dutton & Co., 1924</li> <li>Montgomery, Daniel (1991). Fire in the Lotus, The Dynamic Religion of Nichiren, London: Mandala, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1852740914" title="Special:BookSources/1852740914">1852740914</a>, page 217-218</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanaka_Chigaku&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Marchand Louis. Mystique du panjaponisme. Un « Mein Kampf » nippon. In:Annales. Économies, Sociétés, Civilisations. 1e année, N. 3, 1946. pp. 235–246. (French) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/ahess_0395-2649_1946_num_1_3_3218">[1]</a></li> <li>Tanaka Chigaku: What is Nippon Kokutai? Introduction to Nipponese National Principles. Shishio Bunka, Tokyo 1935-36</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanaka_Chigaku&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inoue_Nissho" class="mw-redirect" title="Inoue Nissho">Inoue Nissho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishiwara_Kanji" class="mw-redirect" title="Ishiwara Kanji">Ishiwara Kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_nationalism" title="Japanese nationalism">Japanese nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichiren_Buddhism" title="Nichiren Buddhism">Nichiren Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Japan" title="Religion in Japan">Religion in Japan</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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href="/wiki/Vipassana_movement" title="Vipassana movement">Vipassana movement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajahn_Amaro" title="Ajahn Amaro">Ajahn Amaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acharya_Buddharakkhita" title="Acharya Buddharakkhita">Acharya Buddharakkhita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhikkhu_Analayo" title="Bhikkhu Analayo">Bhikkhu Analayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangoda_Ananda_Maitreya_Thero" title="Balangoda Ananda Maitreya Thero">Balangoda Ananda Maitreya Thero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">B. R. Ambedkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Henry_Allan_Bennett" title="Charles Henry Allan Bennett">Charles Henry Allan Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%B9%ACh%C4%81nissaro_Bhikkhu" title="Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu">Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhikkhu_Bodhi" title="Bhikkhu Bodhi">Bhikkhu Bodhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Boorstein" title="Sylvia Boorstein">Sylvia Boorstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidyamala_Burch" title="Vidyamala Burch">Vidyamala Burch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._D._Premasiri" title="P. D. Premasiri">P. D. Premasiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajahn_Chah" title="Ajahn Chah">Ajahn Chah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anagarika_Dharmapala" title="Anagarika Dharmapala">Anagarika Dharmapala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Fronsdal" title="Gil Fronsdal">Gil Fronsdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._N._Goenka" title="S. N. Goenka">S. N. Goenka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goldstein_(writer)" title="Joseph Goldstein (writer)">Joseph Goldstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henepola_Gunaratana" title="Henepola Gunaratana">Henepola Gunaratana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Kornfield" title="Jack Kornfield">Jack Kornfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Levine_(author)" title="Stephen Levine (author)">Stephen Levine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_Levine" title="Noah Levine">Noah Levine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyanatiloka" title="Nyanatiloka">Nyanatiloka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walpola_Rahula_Thero" title="Walpola Rahula Thero">Walpola Rahula Thero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Salzberg" title="Sharon Salzberg">Sharon Salzberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangharakshita" title="Sangharakshita">Sangharakshita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahul_Sankrityayan" title="Rahul Sankrityayan">Rahul Sankrityayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajahn_Sucitto" title="Ajahn Sucitto">Ajahn Sucitto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajahn_Sumedho" title="Ajahn Sumedho">Ajahn Sumedho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhante_Sujato" title="Bhante Sujato">Bhante Sujato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%91%C4%81%E1%B9%87av%C4%ABra_Thera" title="Ñāṇavīra Thera">Ñāṇavīra Thera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katukurunde_Nyanananda_Thera" title="Katukurunde Nyanananda Thera">Katukurunde Nyanananda Thera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyanaponika_Thera" title="Nyanaponika Thera">Nyanaponika Thera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>David Brazier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chin_Kung" title="Chin Kung">Chin Kung</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tanaka Chigaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daisaku_Ikeda" title="Daisaku Ikeda">Daisaku Ikeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikky%C5%8D_Niwano" title="Nikkyō Niwano">Nikkyō Niwano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yin_Shun" title="Yin Shun">Yin Shun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_K._Tanaka" title="Kenneth K. Tanaka">Kenneth K. Tanaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyomay_Kubose" title="Gyomay Kubose">Gyomay Kubose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Bloom_(Buddhist)" title="Alfred Bloom (Buddhist)"> Alfred Bloom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenryu_Takashi_Tsuji" title="Kenryu Takashi Tsuji">Kenryu Takashi Tsuji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Harada" title="Marvin Harada">Marvin Harada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pema_Ch%C3%B6dr%C3%B6n" title="Pema Chödrön">Pema Chödrön</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya_Das" title="Surya Das">Surya Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anagarika_Govinda" title="Anagarika Govinda">Anagarika Govinda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelsang_Gyatso" title="Kelsang Gyatso">Kelsang Gyatso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama">Tenzin Gyatso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namkhai_Norbu" title="Namkhai Norbu">Namkhai Norbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thinley_Norbu" title="Thinley Norbu">Thinley Norbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ole_Nydahl" title="Ole Nydahl">Ole Nydahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthieu_Ricard" title="Matthieu Ricard">Matthieu Ricard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzongsar_Jamyang_Khyentse_Rinpoche" class="mw-redirect" title="Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche">Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogyal_Rinpoche" title="Sogyal Rinpoche">Sogyal Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrangu_Rinpoche" title="Thrangu Rinpoche">Thrangu Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongey_Mingyur_Rinpoche" title="Yongey Mingyur Rinpoche">Yongey Mingyur Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Thurman" title="Robert Thurman">Robert Thurman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%B6gyam_Trungpa" title="Chögyam Trungpa">Chögyam Trungpa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reb_Anderson" title="Reb Anderson">Reb Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taisen_Deshimaru" title="Taisen Deshimaru">Taisen Deshimaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Fronsdal" title="Gil Fronsdal">Gil Fronsdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Hagen" title="Steve Hagen">Steve Hagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%ADch_Nh%E1%BA%A5t_H%E1%BA%A1nh" title="Thích Nhất Hạnh">Thích Nhất Hạnh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hsuan_Hua" title="Hsuan Hua">Hsuan Hua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nan_Huai-Chin" title="Nan Huai-Chin">Nan Huai-Chin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houn_Jiyu-Kennett" title="Houn Jiyu-Kennett">Houn Jiyu-Kennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Kapleau" title="Philip Kapleau">Philip Kapleau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dainin_Katagiri" title="Dainin Katagiri">Dainin Katagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Loy" title="David Loy">David Loy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizan_Maezumi" title="Taizan Maezumi">Taizan Maezumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitaro_Nishida" title="Kitaro Nishida">Kitaro Nishida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dhaku_Okumura" title="Shōhaku Okumura">Shōhaku Okumura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Reps" title="Paul Reps">Paul Reps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seungsahn" title="Seungsahn">Seungsahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daewon" title="Daewon">Daewon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seongcheol" title="Seongcheol">Seongcheol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheng-yen" title="Sheng-yen">Sheng-yen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._T._Suzuki" title="D. T. Suzuki">D. T. Suzuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunry%C5%AB_Suzuki" title="Shunryū Suzuki">Shunryū Suzuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Warner" title="Brad Warner">Brad Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakuun_Yasutani" title="Hakuun Yasutani">Hakuun Yasutani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Yong-un" title="Han Yong-un">Han Yong-un</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hsing_Yun" title="Hsing Yun">Hsing Yun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secular_Buddhism" title="Secular Buddhism">Secular Buddhism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Batchelor_(author)" title="Stephen Batchelor (author)">Stephen Batchelor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wright_(journalist)" title="Robert Wright (journalist)">Robert Wright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scholars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Berzin_(scholar)" title="Alexander Berzin (scholar)">Alexander Berzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Chalmers,_1st_Baron_Chalmers" title="Robert Chalmers, 1st Baron Chalmers">Robert Chalmers, 1st Baron Chalmers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokesh_Chandra" title="Lokesh Chandra">Lokesh Chandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Conze" title="Edward Conze">Edward Conze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Dumoulin" title="Heinrich Dumoulin">Heinrich Dumoulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalinaksha_Dutt" title="Nalinaksha Dutt">Nalinaksha Dutt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Evans-Wentz" title="Walter Evans-Wentz">Walter Evans-Wentz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Gombrich" title="Richard Gombrich">Richard Gombrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_V._G%C3%BCnther" title="Herbert V. Günther">Herbert V. Günther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Pine_(author)" title="Red Pine (author)">Red Pine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_de_Roerich" title="George de Roerich">George de Roerich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Rhys_Davids" title="Caroline Rhys Davids">Caroline Rhys Davids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Rhys_Davids" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Rhys Davids">Thomas Rhys Davids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Shcherbatskoy" title="Fyodor Shcherbatskoy">Fyodor Shcherbatskoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Stryk" title="Lucien Stryk">Lucien Stryk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._Alan_Wallace" title="B. Alan Wallace">B. Alan Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Kalupahana" title="David Kalupahana">David Kalupahana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._N._Jayatilleke" title="K. N. Jayatilleke">K. N. Jayatilleke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Bloom_(Buddhist)" title="Alfred Bloom (Buddhist)"> Alfred Bloom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spirituality" title="Spirituality">Westerners influenced<br /> by Buddhism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Arnold" title="Edwin Arnold">Edwin Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_Blavatsky" title="Helena Blavatsky">Helena Blavatsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritjof_Capra" title="Fritjof Capra">Fritjof Capra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Cohen" title="Leonard Cohen">Leonard Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_David-N%C3%A9el" title="Alexandra David-Néel">Alexandra David-Néel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Harrer" title="Heinrich Harrer">Heinrich Harrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hesse" title="Hermann Hesse">Hermann Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Jung" title="Carl Jung">Carl Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Kabat-Zinn" title="Jon Kabat-Zinn">Jon Kabat-Zinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Friedrich Nietzsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Steel_Olcott" title="Henry Steel Olcott">Henry Steel Olcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_Roerich" title="Helena Roerich">Helena Roerich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Reinhold_Rost" title="Ernest Reinhold Rost">Ernest Reinhold Rost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._D._Salinger" title="J. D. Salinger">J. D. Salinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer" title="Arthur Schopenhauer">Arthur Schopenhauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Snyder" title="Gary Snyder">Gary Snyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Watts" title="Alan Watts">Alan Watts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_North_Whitehead" title="Alfred North Whitehead">Alfred North Whitehead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Western_philosophy" title="Buddhism and Western philosophy">Western philosophy and Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology" title="Buddhism and psychology">Buddhism and psychology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_writers_on_Eastern_religions" title="List of modern writers on Eastern religions">List of modern writers on Eastern religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_writers_on_Buddhism" title="List of writers on Buddhism">List of writers on Buddhism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/31px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/47px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/62px-P_religion_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/48px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/64px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/32px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/48px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/64px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Myanmar" title="Portal:Myanmar">Myanmar portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/34px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Nepal" title="Portal:Nepal">Nepal portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/32px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/48px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/64px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Sri_Lanka" title="Portal:Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/32px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/48px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/64px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Thailand" title="Portal:Thailand">Thailand portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Shōwa_Statism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sh%C5%8Dwa_nationalism" title="Template:Shōwa nationalism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sh%C5%8Dwa_nationalism" title="Template talk:Shōwa nationalism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sh%C5%8Dwa_nationalism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shōwa nationalism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shōwa_Statism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Statism_in_Sh%C5%8Dwa_Japan" title="Statism in Shōwa Japan">Shōwa Statism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Themes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bushido" title="Bushido">Bushido</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_system" title="Emperor system">Emperor system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gekokuj%C5%8D" title="Gekokujō">Gekokujō</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hakk%C5%8D_ichiu" title="Hakkō ichiu">Hakkō ichiu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_militarism" title="Japanese militarism">Japanese militarism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kokutai" title="Kokutai">Kokutai</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Asianism" title="Pan-Asianism">Pan-Asianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Shinto" title="State Shinto">State Shinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statism" title="Statism">Statism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">Capitalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism_(Japan)" title="Ultranationalism (Japan)">Ultranationalism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yamato-damashii" title="Yamato-damashii">Yamato-damashii</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reform_bureaucrats" title="Reform bureaucrats">Reform bureaucratism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_Restoration" title="Shōwa Restoration">Shōwa Restoration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Before 1945</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hirohito" title="Hirohito">Hirohito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadao_Araki" title="Sadao Araki">Sadao Araki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inejir%C5%8D_Asanuma" title="Inejirō Asanuma">Inejirō Asanuma</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tanaka Chigaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingoro_Hashimoto" title="Kingoro Hashimoto">Kingoro Hashimoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiranuma_Kiichir%C5%8D" title="Hiranuma Kiichirō">Kiichirō Hiranuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koki_Hirota" class="mw-redirect" title="Koki Hirota">Koki Hirota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nissh%C5%8D_Inoue" title="Nisshō Inoue">Nisshō Inoue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanji_Ishiwara" title="Kanji Ishiwara">Kanji Ishiwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobusuke_Kishi" title="Nobusuke Kishi">Nobusuke Kishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikki_Kita" title="Ikki Kita">Ikki Kita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuniaki_Koiso" title="Kuniaki Koiso">Kuniaki Koiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fumimaro_Konoe" title="Fumimaro Konoe">Fumimaro Konoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzabur%C5%8D_Masaki" title="Jinzaburō Masaki">Jinzaburō Masaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seig%C5%8D_Nakano" title="Seigō Nakano">Seigō Nakano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%ABmei_%C5%8Ckawa" title="Shūmei Ōkawa">Shūmei Ōkawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uesugi_Shinkichi" title="Uesugi Shinkichi">Uesugi Shinkichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hideki_Tojo" title="Hideki Tojo">Hideki Tojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masanobu_Tsuji" title="Masanobu Tsuji">Masanobu Tsuji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-war Japan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bin_Akao" title="Bin Akao">Bin Akao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukio_Mishima" title="Yukio Mishima">Yukio Mishima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otoya_Yamaguchi" title="Otoya Yamaguchi">Otoya Yamaguchi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose" title="Subhas Chandra Bose">Subhas Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Chung_Hee" title="Park Chung Hee">Park Chung Hee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations and factions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Before 1945</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Ocean_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Ocean Society">Black Ocean Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_faction" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleet faction">Fleet faction</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gakutotai" title="Gakutotai">Gakutotai</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Japan_Youth_Party" title="Great Japan Youth Party">Great Japan Youth Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Rule_Assistance_Association" title="Imperial Rule Assistance Association">Imperial Rule Assistance Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Rule_Assistance_Political_Association" title="Imperial Rule Assistance Political Association">Imperial Rule Assistance Political Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Committee_on_Trade_and_Information" title="Japanese Committee on Trade and Information">Japanese Committee on Trade and Information</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dd%C5%8Dha" class="mw-redirect" title="Kōdōha">Kōdōha</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Diet_Members_Supporting_the_Prosecution_of_the_Holy_War" title="League of Diet Members Supporting the Prosecution of the Holy War">League of Diet Members Supporting the Prosecution of the Holy War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Brotherhood" title="National Defense Brotherhood">National Defense Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokuhonsha" title="Kokuhonsha">National Foundation Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Spiritual_Mobilization_Movement_(Japan)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Spiritual Mobilization Movement (Japan)">National Spiritual Mobilization Movement</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sakurakai" title="Sakurakai">Sakurakai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_Kenky%C5%ABkai" title="Shōwa Kenkyūkai">Shōwa Kenkyūkai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dh%C5%8Dkai" title="Tōhōkai">Tōhōkai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dseiha" title="Tōseiha">Tōseiha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yokusan_Sonendan" title="Yokusan Sonendan">Yokusan Sonendan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26_Incident#The_"young_officers"" class="mw-redirect" title="February 26 Incident">Young Officers Movement</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%ABzonsha" title="Yūzonsha">Yūzonsha</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-war Japan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nippon_Kaigi" title="Nippon Kaigi">Nippon Kaigi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tatenokai" title="Tatenokai">Tatenokai</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concordia_Association" title="Concordia Association">Concordia Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makapili" title="Makapili">Makapili</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1930s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_26_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="February 26 Incident">February 26 Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Blood_Incident" title="League of Blood Incident">League of Blood Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo_Bridge_incident" title="Marco Polo Bridge incident">Marco Polo Bridge incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_incident" title="March incident">March incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_15_incident" title="May 15 incident">May 15 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Academy_incident" title="Military Academy incident">Military Academy incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukden_incident" title="Mukden incident">Mukden incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_incident" title="October incident">October incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_General_Mobilization_Law" title="State General Mobilization Law">State General Mobilization Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Naval_Treaty#Japanese_denunciation" title="Washington Naval Treaty">Withdrawal from the Washington Naval Treaty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1940–1945</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere" title="Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere">Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABj%C5%8D_incident" title="Kyūjō incident">Kyūjō incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Pact" title="Tripartite Pact">Tripartite Pact</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1945–1949</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matsue_incident" title="Matsue incident">Matsue incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purge_(occupied_Japan)" title="Purge (occupied Japan)">Purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_Course" title="Reverse Course">Reverse Course</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanmu_incident" title="Sanmu incident">Sanmu incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">After the 1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yukio_Mishima#Coup_attempt_and_ritual_suicide" title="Yukio Mishima">Mishima incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Investigation_of_Global_Policy_with_the_Yamato_Race_as_Nucleus" title="An Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus">An Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/How_Japan_Plans_to_Win" title="How Japan Plans to Win">How Japan Plans to Win</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kokutairon_and_Pure_Socialism" title="Kokutairon and Pure Socialism">Kokutairon and Pure Socialism</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Momotaro:_Sacred_Sailors" title="Momotaro: Sacred Sailors">Momotaro: Sacred Sailors</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Momotar%C5%8D_no_Umiwashi" title="Momotarō no Umiwashi">Momotarō no Umiwashi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moyuru_%C5%8Dzora" title="Moyuru ōzora">Moyuru ōzora</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Patriotism_(short_story)" title="Patriotism (short story)">Patriotism</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ode_of_Showa_Restoration" title="Ode of Showa Restoration">Ode of Showa Restoration</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shinmin_no_Michi" title="Shinmin no Michi">Shinmin no Michi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sun_and_Steel_(essay)" title="Sun and Steel (essay)">Sun and Steel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Most_Beautiful" title="The Most Beautiful">The Most Beautiful</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_cover-up_of_Japanese_war_crimes" title="American cover-up of Japanese war crimes">American cover-up of Japanese war crimes</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cleanest_Race" title="The Cleanest Race">The Cleanest Race</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Imperial_Japan" title="Collaboration with Imperial Japan">Collaboration with Imperial Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_collaborators_with_Imperial_Japan" title="Korean collaborators with Imperial Japan">Korean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_East_Asia_Conference" title="Greater East Asia Conference">Greater East Asia Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East" title="International Military Tribunal for the Far East">International Military Tribunal for the Far East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes" title="Japanese war crimes">Japanese war crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_history_textbook_controversies" title="Japanese history textbook controversies">Japanese history textbook controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_puppet_states#Japan" title="List of World War II puppet states">List of World War II puppet states of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Japan_during_the_Second_Sino-Japanese_War_and_World_War_II" title="Propaganda in Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II">Propaganda in Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uyoku_dantai" title="Uyoku dantai">Uyoku dantai</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7682247#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7682247#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119463636">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82146361">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00082048">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35749152">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p249959224">Netherlands</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA02854175?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1069871">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/079962394">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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