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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waituna_characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Waituna characteristics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waituna_characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Waituna_case_study" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waituna_case_study"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Waituna case study</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waituna_case_study-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Photographs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Photographs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Photographs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Photographs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button 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</div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Aerial_view_Kaitorete_Spit.jpg/220px-Aerial_view_Kaitorete_Spit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Aerial_view_Kaitorete_Spit.jpg/330px-Aerial_view_Kaitorete_Spit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Aerial_view_Kaitorete_Spit.jpg/440px-Aerial_view_Kaitorete_Spit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2314" data-file-height="1496" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lake_Ellesmere_/_Te_Waihora" title="Lake Ellesmere / Te Waihora">Lake Ellesmere / Te Waihora</a>, is an <a href="/wiki/Ephemeral" class="mw-redirect" title="Ephemeral">ephemeral</a> coastal "lake" on the <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Plains" title="Canterbury Plains">Canterbury Plains</a>. Any natural opening to the sea is barred by <a href="/wiki/Kaitorete_Spit" title="Kaitorete Spit">Kaitorete Spit</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>waituna</b> is a freshwater coastal <a href="/wiki/Lagoon" title="Lagoon">lagoon</a> on a mixed sand and gravel (MSG) beach, formed where a <a href="/wiki/Braided_river" title="Braided river">braided river</a> meets a coastline affected by <a href="/wiki/Longshore_drift" title="Longshore drift">longshore drift</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hemmingsen_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hemmingsen-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This type of waterbody is neither a true lake, lagoon nor estuary.<sup id="cite_ref-Hemmingsen_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hemmingsen-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This classification differentiates it from <a href="/wiki/Hapua" title="Hapua">hapua</a>, a type of river mouth lagoon. Both waituna and hapua are rare globally but common in <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, where they are considered ecologically significant as sites of traditional <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a> food-gathering as well as for their diversity of fish and bird species.<sup id="cite_ref-Hart_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hart-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Waituna form an interlinked chain of habitats which run the length of the east coast of the <a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a>: from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wairua_Lagoon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wairua Lagoon (page does not exist)">Wairua Lagoon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Grassmere_/_Kapara_Te_Hau" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Grassmere / Kapara Te Hau">Lake Grassmere / Kapara Te Hau</a> in <a href="/wiki/Marlborough_District" title="Marlborough District">Marlborough</a>, through <a href="/wiki/Lake_Ellesmere_/_Te_Waihora" title="Lake Ellesmere / Te Waihora">Lake Ellesmere / Te Waihora</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coopers_Lagoon_/_Muriwai" title="Coopers Lagoon / Muriwai">Coopers Lagoon / Muriwai</a> in central <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Region" title="Canterbury Region">Canterbury</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Washdyke_Lagoon" title="Washdyke Lagoon">Washdyke Lagoon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wainono_Lagoon" title="Wainono Lagoon">Wainono Lagoon</a> in South Canterbury, to <a href="/wiki/Waituna_Lagoon" title="Waituna Lagoon">Waituna Lagoon</a> in <a href="/wiki/Southland_District" title="Southland District">Southland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Waituna_Lagoon" title="Waituna Lagoon">Waituna Lagoon</a> is one of the finest examples.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name translates as “water of eels”. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Difference_between_a_hapua_and_a_waituna">Difference between a hapua and a waituna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waituna&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Difference between a hapua and a waituna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Both waituna and hapua are fed by small rivers flowing out to an MSG beach, on an eroding wave-dominated coast, with strong longshore drift. </p><p>Hapua are long-lived river mouth lagoons, whereas waituna are <a href="/wiki/Ephemeral" class="mw-redirect" title="Ephemeral">ephemeral</a> coastal "lakes" that do not persist over geological time. </p><p>Hapua persist because the river mouth turns sideways and carves out cliffs on a daily basis, whereas waituna form when gravel creates a barrier that impedes the drainage of freshwater. Natural openings through the barrier are rare, although artificial openings are common. Over geological time, provided natural coastal processes are able to operate unimpeded, the "lake" floods and infills, or the barrier disappears with coastal erosion.<sup id="cite_ref-Hart_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hart-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Waituna_characteristics">Waituna characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waituna&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Waituna characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Waituna are low in salt, high in water that lies around for a long time, and shallow – typically less than 3 metres (9.8 ft) deep. They are tideless and the water is not well mixed by wind. The barrier prevents flushing by rainfall events. All this is evident in the green colour of water in above photo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Waituna_case_study">Waituna case study</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waituna&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Waituna case study"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Te Waihora / Lake Ellesmere is an outstanding natural feature. It is a wetland of international importance and an area of immense cultural significance to <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81i_Tahu" title="Ngāi Tahu">Ngāi Tahu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christchurch,_Banks_Peninsula,_and_Lake_Ellesmere,_New_Zealand_(ISS030-E-7710).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Christchurch%2C_Banks_Peninsula%2C_and_Lake_Ellesmere%2C_New_Zealand_%28ISS030-E-7710%29.jpg/220px-Christchurch%2C_Banks_Peninsula%2C_and_Lake_Ellesmere%2C_New_Zealand_%28ISS030-E-7710%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Christchurch%2C_Banks_Peninsula%2C_and_Lake_Ellesmere%2C_New_Zealand_%28ISS030-E-7710%29.jpg/330px-Christchurch%2C_Banks_Peninsula%2C_and_Lake_Ellesmere%2C_New_Zealand_%28ISS030-E-7710%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Christchurch%2C_Banks_Peninsula%2C_and_Lake_Ellesmere%2C_New_Zealand_%28ISS030-E-7710%29.jpg/440px-Christchurch%2C_Banks_Peninsula%2C_and_Lake_Ellesmere%2C_New_Zealand_%28ISS030-E-7710%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>NASA satellite image of Lake Ellesmere / Te Waihora</figcaption></figure> <p>The waituna is fed by two small rivers, <a href="/wiki/Selwyn_River_/_Waikirikiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Selwyn River / Waikirikiri">Selwyn River / Waikirikiri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irwell_River_(New_Zealand)" title="Irwell River (New Zealand)">Irwell River</a>. These bring it a, comparatively, low volume of water, along with loads of silt and sand. </p><p>At the coast, in an area known as <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Bight" title="Canterbury Bight">Canterbury Bight</a>, a current runs parallel to the shore from south to north. This strong current brings with it sand and gravel sourced from the <a href="/wiki/Rakaia_River" title="Rakaia River">Rakaia River</a>. The bight is chronically eroding because its beaches are starved of sediment. The Rakaia River, incidentally, has a hapau at its mouth. </p><p>Over geological time, a <a href="/wiki/Spit_(landform)" title="Spit (landform)">spit</a> grew, drift-aligned to the current. It was, initially, as to be expected, wide the southern end where it receives the most sand and gravel, and narrow at the northern end. However, as it grew, it bumped into <a href="/wiki/Banks_Peninsula" title="Banks Peninsula">Banks Peninsula</a>. This stopped it growing, but the sediment kept coming, so it no longer fits the rules of a spit. It's now wider at the <a href="/wiki/Proximal" class="mw-redirect" title="Proximal">proximal</a> end and narrower at the <a href="/wiki/Distal" class="mw-redirect" title="Distal">distal</a> end. It's become a barrier. Approximately 5000 years ago, it swung around, hinged at the point near Wairewa <a href="/wiki/Marae" title="Marae">marae</a> on the shores of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Forsyth_/_Waiwera" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Forsyth / Waiwera">Lake Forsyth / Waiwera</a>. </p><p>The barrier, named <a href="/wiki/Kaitorete_Spit" title="Kaitorete Spit">Kaitorete Spit</a>, even though it's a barrier not a spit, prevents the Selwyn / Waikirikiri and Irwell rivers from draining into the sea, and hence, a waituna sits behind the barrier. </p><p>Its natural lake level is 4 metres (13 ft) above <a href="/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">sea level</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Photographs">Photographs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waituna&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Photographs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 214.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 212.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cape_Campbell_sunrise.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lake Grassmere / Kapara Te Hau"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Cape_Campbell_sunrise.jpg/319px-Cape_Campbell_sunrise.jpg" decoding="async" width="213" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Cape_Campbell_sunrise.jpg/479px-Cape_Campbell_sunrise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Cape_Campbell_sunrise.jpg/638px-Cape_Campbell_sunrise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2984" data-file-height="1964" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lake Grassmere / Kapara Te Hau</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 188.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 186.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Washdyke_Lagoon.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Washdyke Lagoon"><img alt="Washdyke Lagoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Washdyke_Lagoon.JPG/280px-Washdyke_Lagoon.JPG" decoding="async" width="187" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Washdyke_Lagoon.JPG/420px-Washdyke_Lagoon.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Washdyke_Lagoon.JPG/560px-Washdyke_Lagoon.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2976" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Washdyke Lagoon</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 212px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lake_Ellesmere_sunset.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Te Waihora"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Lake_Ellesmere_sunset.jpg/315px-Lake_Ellesmere_sunset.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Lake_Ellesmere_sunset.jpg/473px-Lake_Ellesmere_sunset.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Lake_Ellesmere_sunset.jpg/630px-Lake_Ellesmere_sunset.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3808" data-file-height="2539" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Te Waihora</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 206.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 204.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ISS023-E-28547_-_View_of_the_South_Island_of_New_Zealand.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wairau Lagoon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/ISS023-E-28547_-_View_of_the_South_Island_of_New_Zealand.jpg/307px-ISS023-E-28547_-_View_of_the_South_Island_of_New_Zealand.jpg" decoding="async" width="205" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/ISS023-E-28547_-_View_of_the_South_Island_of_New_Zealand.jpg/460px-ISS023-E-28547_-_View_of_the_South_Island_of_New_Zealand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/ISS023-E-28547_-_View_of_the_South_Island_of_New_Zealand.jpg/614px-ISS023-E-28547_-_View_of_the_South_Island_of_New_Zealand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2913" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wairau Lagoon</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waituna&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKirk,_R.M;_Lauder,_G.A2000" class="citation web cs1">Kirk, R.M; Lauder, G.A (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/science-and-technical/sfc146.pdf">"Significant coastal lagoon systems in the South Island, New Zealand"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Science for Conservation</i>. <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Conservation_(New_Zealand)" title="Department of Conservation (New Zealand)">Department of Conservation</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+for+Conservation&rft.atitle=Significant+coastal+lagoon+systems+in+the+South+Island%2C+New+Zealand&rft.date=2000&rft.au=Kirk%2C+R.M%3B+Lauder%2C+G.A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.doc.govt.nz%2Fglobalassets%2Fdocuments%2Fscience-and-technical%2Fsfc146.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaituna" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hemmingsen-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hemmingsen_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hemmingsen_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingle2001" class="citation journal cs1">Single, M.B. and Hemmingson, M.A. (2001). "Mixed sand and gravel barrier beaches of South Canterbury, New Zealand". <i>Ecology and Geomorphology of Coastal Shinge</i>: 261–276.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology+and+Geomorphology+of+Coastal+Shinge&rft.atitle=Mixed+sand+and+gravel+barrier+beaches+of+South+Canterbury%2C+New+Zealand&rft.pages=261-276&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Single&rft.aufirst=M.B.+and+Hemmingson%2C+M.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaituna" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hart-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hart_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hart_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHart2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Deirdre_Hart" title="Deirdre Hart">Hart, Deirdre</a> (2008). "Chapter 20 Canterbury Coastal Systems". In Winterbourne, Michael (ed.). <i>The natural history of <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Region" title="Canterbury Region">Canterbury</a></i> (3rd ed.). Christchurch, NZ: Canterbury University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781877257575" title="Special:BookSources/9781877257575"><bdi>9781877257575</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+20+Canterbury+Coastal+Systems&rft.btitle=The+natural+history+of+Canterbury&rft.place=Christchurch%2C+NZ&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Canterbury+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781877257575&rft.aulast=Hart&rft.aufirst=Deirdre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaituna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnvironment_Southland2022" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Environment_Southland" title="Environment Southland">Environment Southland</a> (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.waituna.org.nz/about-waituna/waituna-lagoon">"Waituna Lagoon"</a>. <i>Whakamana te Waituna</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Whakamana+te+Waituna&rft.atitle=Waituna+Lagoon&rft.date=2022&rft.au=Environment+Southland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.waituna.org.nz%2Fabout-waituna%2Fwaituna-lagoon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaituna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepartment_of_Conservation" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Conservation_(New_Zealand)" title="Department of Conservation (New Zealand)">Department of Conservation</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.doc.govt.nz/our-work/freshwater-restoration/arawai-kakariki-wetland-restoration/sites/awarua-waituna-wetlands/">"Awarua-Waituna Wetlands"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Awarua-Waituna+Wetlands&rft.au=Department+of+Conservation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.doc.govt.nz%2Four-work%2Ffreshwater-restoration%2Farawai-kakariki-wetland-restoration%2Fsites%2Fawarua-waituna-wetlands%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaituna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristchurch_City_Council2014" class="citation web cs1">Christchurch City Council (12 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://districtplan.ccc.govt.nz/Images/DistrictPlanImages/Site%20of%20Ecological%20Significance/SES%20E%201.pdf">"Christchurch District Plan: Site of Ecological Significance"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christchurch+District+Plan%3A+Site+of+Ecological+Significance&rft.date=2014-11-12&rft.au=Christchurch+City+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdistrictplan.ccc.govt.nz%2FImages%2FDistrictPlanImages%2FSite%2520of%2520Ecological%2520Significance%2FSES%2520E%25201.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaituna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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geography"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Coastal_geography" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Coastal geography"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Coastal_geography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Coastal_geography" title="Coastal geography">Coastal geography</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Landform" title="Landform">Landforms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchialine_system" title="Anchialine system">Anchialine pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archipelago" title="Archipelago">Archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atoll" title="Atoll">Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avulsion_(river)" title="Avulsion (river)">Avulsion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayre_(landform)" title="Ayre (landform)">Ayre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrier_island" title="Barrier island">Barrier island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay" title="Bay">Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bight_(geography)" title="Bight (geography)">Bight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodden" title="Bodden">Bodden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brackish_marsh" title="Brackish marsh">Brackish marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_(geography)" title="Cape (geography)">Cape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_(geography)" title="Channel (geography)">Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff" title="Cliff">Cliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast" title="Coast">Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_plain" title="Coastal plain">Coastal plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_waterfall" title="Coastal waterfall">Coastal waterfall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_margin" title="Continental margin">Continental margin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_shelf" title="Continental shelf">Continental shelf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">Coral reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cove" title="Cove">Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dune" title="Dune">Dune</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cliff-top_dune" title="Cliff-top dune">cliff-top</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">Estuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firth" title="Firth">Firth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fjard" title="Fjard">Fjard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fjord" title="Fjord">Fjord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freshwater_marsh" title="Freshwater marsh">Freshwater marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundus_(seabed)" title="Fundus (seabed)">Fundus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gat_(landform)" title="Gat (landform)">Gat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geo_(landform)" title="Geo (landform)">Geo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf" title="Gulf">Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gut_(coastal_geography)" title="Gut (coastal geography)">Gut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hapua" title="Hapua">Hapua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headland" title="Headland">Headland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inlet" title="Inlet">Inlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intertidal_wetland" title="Intertidal wetland">Intertidal wetland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islet" title="Islet">Islet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isthmus" title="Isthmus">Isthmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagoon" title="Lagoon">Lagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machair" title="Machair">Machair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudflat" title="Mudflat">Mudflat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_arch" title="Natural arch">Natural arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsula" title="Peninsula">Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reef" title="Reef">Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ria" title="Ria">Ria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_marsh" title="Salt marsh">Salt marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoal" title="Shoal">Shoal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skerry" title="Skerry">Skerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_(geography)" title="Sound (geography)">Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spit_(landform)" title="Spit (landform)">Spit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stack_(geology)" title="Stack (geology)">Stack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strait" title="Strait">Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strand_plain" title="Strand plain">Strand plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_canyon" title="Submarine canyon">Submarine canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidal_island" title="Tidal island">Tidal island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidal_marsh" title="Tidal marsh">Tidal marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tide_pool" title="Tide pool">Tide pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tied_island" title="Tied island">Tied island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tombolo" title="Tombolo">Tombolo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Waituna</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Windwatt" title="Windwatt">Windwatt</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Accreting_coast_Image6.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coastal and oceanic landforms"><img alt="Coastal and oceanic landforms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Accreting_coast_Image6.svg/140px-Accreting_coast_Image6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Accreting_coast_Image6.svg/210px-Accreting_coast_Image6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Accreting_coast_Image6.svg/280px-Accreting_coast_Image6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1481" data-file-height="697" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fernando_noronha.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dois Irmãos - Fernando de Noronha"><img alt="Dois Irmãos - Fernando de Noronha" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Fernando_noronha.jpg/140px-Fernando_noronha.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Fernando_noronha.jpg/210px-Fernando_noronha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Fernando_noronha.jpg/280px-Fernando_noronha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Beach" title="Beach">Beaches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_cusps" title="Beach cusps">Beach cusps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_evolution" title="Beach evolution">Beach evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_ridge" title="Beach ridge">Beach ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_wrack" title="Beach wrack">Beach wrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaches_in_estuaries_and_bays" title="Beaches in estuaries and bays">Beaches in estuaries and bays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beachrock" title="Beachrock">Beachrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_morphodynamics" title="Coastal morphodynamics">Coastal morphodynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_beach" title="Pocket beach">Pocket beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raised_beach" title="Raised beach">Raised beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_recession_of_beaches" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern recession of beaches">Recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seashell" title="Seashell">Shell beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shingle_beach" title="Shingle beach">Shingle beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_beach" title="Storm beach">Storm beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wash_margin" title="Wash margin">Wash margin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/River_mouth" title="River mouth">River mouths</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Debouch" title="Debouch">Debouch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouth_bar" title="Mouth bar">Mouth bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_delta" title="River delta">River delta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mega_delta" class="mw-redirect" title="Mega delta">mega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regressive_delta" title="Regressive delta">regressive</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Large-scale_coastal_behaviour" title="Large-scale coastal behaviour">Processes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blowhole_(geology)" title="Blowhole (geology)">Blowhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliffed_coast" title="Cliffed coast">Cliffed coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_biogeomorphology" title="Coastal biogeomorphology">Coastal biogeomorphology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_erosion" title="Coastal erosion">Coastal erosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concordant_coastline" title="Concordant coastline">Concordant coastline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Current_(hydrology)" title="Current (hydrology)">Current</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuspate_foreland" title="Cuspate foreland">Cuspate foreland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discordant_coastline" title="Discordant coastline">Discordant coastline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergent_coastline" title="Emergent coastline">Emergent coastline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feeder_bluff" title="Feeder bluff">Feeder bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_coast" title="Flat coast">Flat coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graded_shoreline" title="Graded shoreline">Graded shoreline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingression_coast" title="Ingression coast">Ingression coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large-scale_coastal_behaviour" title="Large-scale coastal behaviour">Large-scale coastal behaviour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longshore_drift" title="Longshore drift">Longshore drift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_regression" title="Marine regression">Marine regression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_transgression" title="Marine transgression">Marine transgression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raised_shoreline" title="Raised shoreline">Raised shoreline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rip_current" title="Rip current">Rip current</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_shore" title="Rocky shore">Rocky shore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_cave" title="Sea cave">Sea cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_foam" title="Sea foam">Sea foam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoal" title="Shoal">Shoal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peresyp" title="Peresyp">peresyp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steep_coast" title="Steep coast">Steep coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submergent_coastline" title="Submergent coastline">Submergent coastline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_break" title="Surf break">Surf break</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_zone" title="Surf zone">Surf zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surge_channel" title="Surge channel">Surge channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swash" title="Swash">Swash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undertow_(water_waves)" title="Undertow (water waves)">Undertow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_arc" title="Volcanic arc">Volcanic arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wave-cut_platform" title="Wave-cut platform">Wave-cut platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wave_shoaling" title="Wave shoaling">Wave shoaling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_fetch" title="Wind fetch">Wind fetch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_wave" title="Wind wave">Wind wave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coastal_management" title="Coastal management">Management</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accretion_(coastal_management)" title="Accretion (coastal management)">Accretion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_management" title="Coastal management">Coastal management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_coastal_zone_management" title="Integrated coastal zone management">Integrated coastal zone management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submersion_(coastal_management)" title="Submersion (coastal management)">Submersion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulkhead_line" title="Bulkhead line">Bulkhead line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_engineering" title="Coastal engineering">Coastal engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grain_size" title="Grain size">Grain size</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boulder" title="Boulder">boulder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobble_(geology)" title="Cobble (geology)">cobble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granule_(geology)" title="Granule (geology)">granule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravel" title="Gravel">gravel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pebble" title="Pebble">pebble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand" title="Sand">sand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shingle_beach" title="Shingle beach">shingle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silt" title="Silt">silt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intertidal_zone" title="Intertidal zone">Intertidal zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littoral_zone" title="Littoral zone">Littoral zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_oceanography" title="Physical oceanography">Physical oceanography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Region_of_freshwater_influence" title="Region of freshwater influence">Region of freshwater influence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_plume" title="River plume">River plume</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Coastal_geography" title="Category:Coastal geography">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" 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