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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E9%9B%BB%E5%A3%93" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-定義" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#定義"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>定義</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-定義-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关定義子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-定義-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-以電位能定義" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#以電位能定義"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>以電位能定義</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-以電位能定義-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-以電場的分解定義" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#以電場的分解定義"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>以電場的分解定義</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-以電場的分解定義-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-在電路分析的電壓" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#在電路分析的電壓"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>在電路分析的電壓</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-在電路分析的電壓-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-水力學模擬" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#水力學模擬"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>水力學模擬</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-水力學模擬-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-應用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#應用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>應用</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-應用-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关應用子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-應用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-電壓的相加" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#電壓的相加"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>電壓的相加</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-電壓的相加-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-量測工具" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#量測工具"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>量測工具</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-量測工具-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-常見電壓" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#常見電壓"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>常見電壓</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-常見電壓-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-伽伐尼電勢與電化學電勢" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#伽伐尼電勢與電化學電勢"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>伽伐尼電勢與電化學電勢</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-伽伐尼電勢與電化學電勢-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">電壓</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。99种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-99" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">99种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektriese_spanning" title="Elektriese spanning – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Elektriese spanning" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%AF_%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="جهد كهربائي – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جهد كهربائي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C9%99rginlik_(elektrik)" title="Gərginlik (elektrik) – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Gərginlik (elektrik)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%98" title="وولتاژ – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="وولتاژ" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrische_Spaunnung" title="Elektrische Spaunnung – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Elektrische Spaunnung" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Электрычнае напружанне – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Электрычнае напружанне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Напруга – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Напруга" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaneng" title="Spaneng – 貝塔維文" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Spaneng" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="貝塔維文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Електрическо напрежение – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Електрическо напрежение" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%AC" title="বিভব – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিভব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon" title="Električni napon – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Električni napon" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difer%C3%A8ncia_de_potencial" title="Diferència de potencial – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Diferència de potencial" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boltahe" title="Boltahe – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Boltahe" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%DB%86%DA%B5%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%95" title="ڤۆڵتیە – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڤۆڵتیە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrick%C3%A9_nap%C4%9Bt%C3%AD" title="Elektrické napětí – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Elektrické napětí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%C4%95%D1%85" title="Электро хиврелĕх – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Электро хиврелĕх" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foltedd" title="Foltedd – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Foltedd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_sp%C3%A6nding" title="Elektrisk spænding – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Elektrisk spænding" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrische_Spannung" title="Elektrische Spannung – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Elektrische Spannung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AC_%CE%B4%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D" title="Διαφορά δυναμικού – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διαφορά δυναμικού" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage" title="Voltage – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Voltage" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektra_tensio" title="Elektra tensio – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Elektra tensio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensi%C3%B3n_(electricidad)" title="Tensión (electricidad) – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tensión (electricidad)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinge_(elekter)" title="Pinge (elekter) – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pinge (elekter)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tentsio_(elektrizitatea)" title="Tentsio (elektrizitatea) – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tentsio (elektrizitatea)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensi%C3%B3n" title="Tensión – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Tensión" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%98" title="ولتاژ – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ولتاژ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4nnite" title="Jännite – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jännite" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tension_%C3%A9lectrique" title="Tension électrique – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tension électrique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_sp%C3%A4%C3%A4nang" title="Elektrisk späänang – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Elektrisk späänang" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difr%C3%ADocht_poit%C3%A9insil" title="Difríocht poitéinsil – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Difríocht poitéinsil" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensi%C3%B3n_el%C3%A9ctrica" title="Tensión eléctrica – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tensión eléctrica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%97_%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%99" title="מתח חשמלי – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מתח חשמלי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0" title="विभवांतर – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विभवांतर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napon" title="Napon – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Napon" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromos_fesz%C3%BClts%C3%A9g" title="Elektromos feszültség – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Elektromos feszültség" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AC%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Էլեկտրական լարում – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էլեկտրական լարում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage" title="Voltage – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Voltage" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tegangan_listrik" title="Tegangan listrik – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tegangan listrik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafspenna" title="Rafspenna – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rafspenna" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensione_elettrica" title="Tensione elettrica – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tensione elettrica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%9C%A7" title="電圧 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="電圧" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tegangan" title="Tegangan – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tegangan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AB%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%95%E1%83%90" title="ელექტრული ძაბვა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ელექტრული ძაბვა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%83" title="Кернеу – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кернеу" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%95%95" title="전압 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전압" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80_%D1%87%D1%8B%D2%A3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%83%D1%81%D1%83" title="Электр чыңалуусу – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Электр чыңалуусу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensio_electrica" title="Tensio electrica – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tensio electrica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tension_eletriga" title="Tension eletriga – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Tension eletriga" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrin%C4%97_%C4%AFtampa" title="Elektrinė įtampa – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Elektrinė įtampa" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spriegums" title="Spriegums – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Spriegums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herinaratra" title="Herinaratra – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Herinaratra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Напон – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Напон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%A4" title="വോൾട്ടത – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വോൾട്ടത" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D2%AF%D1%87%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Хүчдэл – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хүчдэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0" title="विभवांतर – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="विभवांतर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltan" title="Voltan – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Voltan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဗို့အား – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဗို့အား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrische_spanning" title="Elektrische spanning – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Elektrische spanning" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_spenning" title="Elektrisk spenning – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Elektrisk spenning" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_spenning" title="Elektrisk spenning – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Elektrisk spenning" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tension_electrica" title="Tension electrica – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tension electrica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9C" title="ਵੋਲਟੇਜ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵੋਲਟੇਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napi%C4%99cie_elektryczne" title="Napięcie elektryczne – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Napięcie elektryczne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%88%D9%84%D9%B9%DB%8C%D8%AC" title="وولٹیج – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="وولٹیج" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%BC%DB%90%D8%AC" title="ولټېج – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ولټېج" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tens%C3%A3o_el%C3%A9trica" title="Tensão elétrica – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tensão elétrica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinchikilla_mast%27ay" title="Pinchikilla mast'ay – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pinchikilla mast'ay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensiune_electric%C4%83" title="Tensiune electrică – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tensiune electrică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Электрическое напряжение – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Электрическое напряжение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage" title="Voltage – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Voltage" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon" title="Električni napon – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Električni napon" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="වෝල්ටීයතාව – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="වෝල්ටීයතාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage" title="Voltage – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Voltage" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrick%C3%A9_nap%C3%A4tie" title="Elektrické napätie – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Elektrické napätie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_napetost" title="Električna napetost – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Električna napetost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensioni_elektrik" title="Tensioni elektrik – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tensioni elektrik" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Електрични напон – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Електрични напон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltase" title="Voltase – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Voltase" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_sp%C3%A4nning" title="Elektrisk spänning – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Elektrisk spänning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volteji" title="Volteji – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Volteji" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மின்னழுத்தம் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மின்னழுத்தம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D" title="వోల్టేజ్ – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వోల్టేజ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2" title="แรงดันไฟฟ้า – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แรงดันไฟฟ้า" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boltahe" title="Boltahe – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Boltahe" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerilim_(elektrik)" title="Gerilim (elektrik) – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gerilim (elektrik)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%87%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5" title="Электр көчәнеше – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Электр көчәнеше" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%83_%D8%A8%DB%90%D8%B3%D9%89%D9%85%D9%89" title="توك بېسىمى – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="توك بېسىمى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Електрична напруга – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Електрична напруга" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%88%D9%84%D9%B9%DB%8C%D8%AC" title="وولٹیج – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="وولٹیج" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektr_kuchlanish" title="Elektr kuchlanish – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Elektr kuchlanish" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi%E1%BB%87u_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_th%E1%BA%BF" title="Hiệu điện thế – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hiệu điện thế" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendu_mb%C3%ABj" title="Dendu mbëj – 沃洛夫语" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Dendu mbëj" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="沃洛夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%8E%8B" title="电压 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="电压" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%90%D7%96%D7%A9" title="וואלטאזש – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="וואלטאזש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%A3%93" title="電壓 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="電壓" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C4%81n-ap" title="Tiān-ap – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiān-ap" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%A3%93" title="電壓 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="電壓" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuvuve" title="Ubuvuve – 祖鲁语" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ubuvuve" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖鲁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q25428#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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.hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/24px-Confusion_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/36px-Confusion_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/48px-Confusion_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></a></span><b>提示</b>：此条目页的主题不是<b><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%8B%A2" title="電勢">電勢</a></b>或<b><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%8B%95%E5%8B%A2" title="電動勢">電動勢</a></b>。</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">電壓</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:AA_AAA_AAAA_A23_battery_comparison-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/AA_AAA_AAAA_A23_battery_comparison-1.jpg/220px-AA_AAA_AAAA_A23_battery_comparison-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/AA_AAA_AAAA_A23_battery_comparison-1.jpg/330px-AA_AAA_AAAA_A23_battery_comparison-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/AA_AAA_AAAA_A23_battery_comparison-1.jpg/440px-AA_AAA_AAAA_A23_battery_comparison-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="458" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%B1%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="電池">電池</a>是許多<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E8%BF%B4%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="電子迴路">電子迴路</a>中電壓的來源。</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">常見符號</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r58896141">.mw-parser-output .serif{font-family:Times,serif}</style><span class="serif"><span class="texhtml"><i>V</i></span></span> , <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141"><span class="serif"><span class="texhtml">∆<i>V</i></span></span> , <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141"><span class="serif"><span class="texhtml"><i>U</i></span></span> , <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141"><span class="serif"><span class="texhtml">∆<i>U</i></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D" title="国际单位">国际单位</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E7%89%B9" title="伏特">伏特</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D%E5%88%B6%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D" title="国际单位制基本单位">基本單位</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">kg⋅m<sup>2</sup>⋅s<sup>−3</sup>⋅A<sup>−1</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E6%AC%A1%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="因次分析">單位因次</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><b>M</b> <b>L</b><sup>2</sup> <b>T</b><sup>−3</sup> <b>I</b><sup>−1</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">從其他物理量的推衍</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">Voltage = <a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F" title="能量">能量</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%8D%B7" title="電荷">電荷</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E6%AC%A1%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90#定義" title="因次分析">因次</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><b>M</b> <b>L</b><sup>2</sup> <b>T</b><sup>−3</sup> <b>I</b><sup>−1</sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>電壓</b>（英文：Voltage、electric pressure 或 electric tension）是兩點之間的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E4%BD%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="電位">電位</a>差（electric potential difference），也就是<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%99%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="静电学">静电学</a>中將一库仑试探電荷從一點移動到另外一點所需要的能量。電壓的SI單位為<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E7%89%B9" title="伏特">伏特</a><sup id="cite_ref-SI-Bro_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI-Bro-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:166</sup>，又可以寫成<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E8%80%B3" title="焦耳">焦耳</a>每<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E4%BE%96" class="mw-redirect" title="庫侖">庫倫</a>。值得一提的是，電壓或電位差在符號上寫為<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141"><span class="serif"><span class="texhtml">∆<i>V</i></span></span>，之後省略了差值符號，直接記為<b>V</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>或<b>U</b><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>電壓可能由電荷、通過磁場的電流、或隨時間改變的磁場等因素造成<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="定義"><span id=".E5.AE.9A.E7.BE.A9"></span>定義</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E5%A3%93&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：定義"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" align="right"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D%E5%88%B6" title="国际单位制">国际单位制</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB" title="電">电学</a>單位 </th></tr> <tr> <th bgcolor="#ffeedd" colspan="4">基本單位 </th></tr> <tr> <th>單位 </th> <th>符號 </th> <th>物理量 </th> <th>註 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%9F%B9" title="安培">安培</a> </td> <td align="center">A </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%B5%81" class="mw-redirect" title="電流">電流</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th bgcolor="#ffeedd" colspan="4">導出單位 </th></tr> <tr> <th>單位 </th> <th>符號 </th> <th>物理量 </th> <th>註 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E7%89%B9" title="伏特">伏特</a> </td> <td align="center">V </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%8B%A2" title="電勢">電勢</a>，<a class="mw-selflink selflink">電勢差</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%8B%95%E5%8B%A2" title="電動勢">電動勢</a> </td> <td>= W/A </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E5%A7%86" title="歐姆">歐姆</a> </td> <td align="center">Ω </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E9%98%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="電阻">電阻</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%8A%97" class="mw-redirect" title="電抗">電抗</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BB%E6%8A%97" title="阻抗">阻抗</a> </td> <td>= V/A </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%8B%89" title="法拉">法拉</a> </td> <td align="center">F </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AE%B9" title="電容">電容</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9_(%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D)" title="亨利 (单位)">亨利</a> </td> <td align="center">H </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%84%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="電感">電感</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%96%80%E5%AD%90_(%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D)" title="西門子 (單位)">西門子</a> </td> <td align="center">S </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AF%BC" title="电导">電導</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%BC%E7%BA%B3" title="导纳">導納</a>，磁化率 </td> <td>= Ω<sup>−1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E4%BB%91" title="库仑">庫侖</a> </td> <td align="center">C </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%8D%B7%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="电荷量">電荷量</a> </td> <td>= A⋅s </td></tr> <tr> <td>歐姆⋅米 </td> <td align="center">Ω⋅m </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E9%98%BB%E7%8E%87" class="mw-redirect" title="電阻率">電阻率</a> </td> <td>ρ </td></tr> <tr> <td>西門子/每米 </td> <td align="center">S/m </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%B0%8E%E7%8E%87" title="電導率">電導率</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>法拉/每米 </td> <td align="center">F/m </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E7%8E%87" title="电容率">電容率</a>；<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E7%94%B5%E5%B8%B8%E6%95%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="介电常数">介電常數</a> </td> <td>ε </td></tr> <tr> <td>反法拉 </td> <td align="center">F <sup>−1</sup> </td> <td>電彈性 </td> <td>= F <sup>−1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>伏安 </td> <td align="center">VA </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E6%B5%81%E7%94%B5%E5%8A%9F%E7%8E%87" title="交流电功率">交流電功率</a>，視在功率 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>無功伏安 </td> <td align="center">var </td> <td>無功功率，虛功 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E7%89%B9" title="瓦特">瓦特</a> </td> <td align="center">W </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9F%E7%8E%87" title="電功率">电功率</a>，有功功率，實功 </td> <td>= J/s </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E7%93%A6%C2%B7%E6%99%82" title="千瓦·時">千瓦⋅时</a> </td> <td align="center">kW⋅h </td> <td>电能 </td> <td>= 3.6 MJ </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>根據前述的電壓定義，會使得帶有負電的物體被拉往高電壓的地方，帶有正電的物體被拉往低電壓的地方。也因此電流從高電壓流向低電壓（電流的方向被定義為與正電荷在<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="電路">電路</a>中移動的方向相同，雖然實際上是負電荷在往反方向移動）。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="以電位能定義"><span id=".E4.BB.A5.E9.9B.BB.E4.BD.8D.E8.83.BD.E5.AE.9A.E7.BE.A9"></span>以電位能定義</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E5%A3%93&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：以電位能定義"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Electrostatic_definition_of_voltage.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Electrostatic_definition_of_voltage.svg/220px-Electrostatic_definition_of_voltage.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Electrostatic_definition_of_voltage.svg/330px-Electrostatic_definition_of_voltage.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Electrostatic_definition_of_voltage.svg/440px-Electrostatic_definition_of_voltage.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="560" /></a><figcaption>在靜電場中，從點A到點B所作的功與路徑無關。</figcaption></figure> <p>電壓從點<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\textstyle x_{A}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\textstyle x_{A}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b8ef84b6ce67d60e97ecd2d536bac8367a89e92d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.795ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\textstyle x_{A}}"></span>到點<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\textstyle x_{B}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\textstyle x_{B}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0556080b30af1a45505196bd9636090cc9f8fa15" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.809ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\textstyle x_{B}}"></span>的變化可以寫為 </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\Delta V_{AB}&=V(x_{A})-V(x_{B})\\&=\int _{r_{0}}^{x_{B}}{\vec {E}}\cdot d{\vec {l}}-\int _{r_{0}}^{x_{A}}{\vec {E}}\cdot d{\vec {l}}\\&=\int _{x_{A}}^{x_{B}}{\vec {E}}\cdot d{\vec {l}}\end{aligned}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true"> <mtr> <mtd> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd /> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>l</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <msubsup> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>l</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd /> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>l</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\Delta V_{AB}&=V(x_{A})-V(x_{B})\\&=\int _{r_{0}}^{x_{B}}{\vec {E}}\cdot d{\vec {l}}-\int _{r_{0}}^{x_{A}}{\vec {E}}\cdot d{\vec {l}}\\&=\int _{x_{A}}^{x_{B}}{\vec {E}}\cdot d{\vec {l}}\end{aligned}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/03530cf87726e2af50f4b8b58ef33c3f9fa67855" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -7.338ex; width:34.999ex; height:15.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\Delta V_{AB}&=V(x_{A})-V(x_{B})\\&=\int _{r_{0}}^{x_{B}}{\vec {E}}\cdot d{\vec {l}}-\int _{r_{0}}^{x_{A}}{\vec {E}}\cdot d{\vec {l}}\\&=\int _{x_{A}}^{x_{B}}{\vec {E}}\cdot d{\vec {l}}\end{aligned}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>在這情況下，電壓的變化等同於將一個單位電荷，在不改變其速度量值的情況下，從點A移動到點B所需作的功。數學上，這可以表達為對於連接A、B兩點的電場的線積分。<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>如果這樣定義，那麼在有隨時間變化的磁場的情況下，電壓將無法<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E8%89%AF%E5%A5%BD" title="定义良好">良好定義</a>，因為此時電場並非保守場，而連接兩點的電場的線積分值會隨著路徑變化。也就是說，對於一個包含<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%84%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="電感">電感</a>的電路，電路內並不會有良好定義的電壓。然而，如果我們規定積分路徑就是電子在電路中的移動路徑，那麼將會有一個良好定義的電壓。在這情況下，電路中跨越一個電感的電壓為 </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle U=\Delta V=-L{\frac {dI}{dt}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>U</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>V</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi>L</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>I</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle U=\Delta V=-L{\frac {dI}{dt}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6c9f208ae448a23a321c271f769ef0047f55699f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:18.317ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle U=\Delta V=-L{\frac {dI}{dt}}}"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="以電場的分解定義"><span id=".E4.BB.A5.E9.9B.BB.E5.A0.B4.E7.9A.84.E5.88.86.E8.A7.A3.E5.AE.9A.E7.BE.A9"></span>以電場的分解定義</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E5%A3%93&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：以電場的分解定義"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>使用上面的定義，只要遇到隨時間變化的磁場我們就無法良好地定義了（除非規定積分路徑），因此我們可以將電壓的定義改為對保守場部分的電場進行積分，也就是： </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {E}}=-\nabla V-{\frac {\partial {\vec {A}}}{\partial t}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>V</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {E}}=-\nabla V-{\frac {\partial {\vec {A}}}{\partial t}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/72f99fedbc09c19c17de7f6181d8b848c7a462ae" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:17.143ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {E}}=-\nabla V-{\frac {\partial {\vec {A}}}{\partial t}}}"></span> </p><p>其中<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\textstyle {\vec {A}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\textstyle {\vec {A}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fde4426f2707e1b29bbbc162fc54afd4a6dd33bf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\textstyle {\vec {A}}}"></span>是磁向量勢。這個分解是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A5%E5%A7%86%E9%9C%8D%E5%85%B9%E5%88%86%E8%A7%A3" title="亥姆霍兹分解">亥姆霍茲分解</a>。 </p><p>因此，我們可以將電壓寫為： </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\Delta V_{AB}&=-\int _{x_{A}}^{x_{B}}{\vec {E}}_{\mathrm {conservative} }\cdot d{\vec {l}}\\&=-\int _{x_{A}}^{x_{B}}\left({\vec {E}}+{\frac {\partial {\vec {A}}}{\partial t}}\right)\cdot d{\vec {l}}\\&=-\int _{x_{A}}^{x_{B}}({\vec {E}}-{\vec {E}}_{\mathrm {induced} })\cdot d{\vec {l}}\end{aligned}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true"> <mtr> <mtd> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <msubsup> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </msubsup> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">v</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">v</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>l</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd /> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <msubsup> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>l</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd /> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <msubsup> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">u</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>l</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\Delta V_{AB}&=-\int _{x_{A}}^{x_{B}}{\vec {E}}_{\mathrm {conservative} }\cdot d{\vec {l}}\\&=-\int _{x_{A}}^{x_{B}}\left({\vec {E}}+{\frac {\partial {\vec {A}}}{\partial t}}\right)\cdot d{\vec {l}}\\&=-\int _{x_{A}}^{x_{B}}({\vec {E}}-{\vec {E}}_{\mathrm {induced} })\cdot d{\vec {l}}\end{aligned}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/faae9a5feb85c350494220614a4a4a3686db4ac9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -9.671ex; width:35.051ex; height:20.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\Delta V_{AB}&=-\int _{x_{A}}^{x_{B}}{\vec {E}}_{\mathrm {conservative} }\cdot d{\vec {l}}\\&=-\int _{x_{A}}^{x_{B}}\left({\vec {E}}+{\frac {\partial {\vec {A}}}{\partial t}}\right)\cdot d{\vec {l}}\\&=-\int _{x_{A}}^{x_{B}}({\vec {E}}-{\vec {E}}_{\mathrm {induced} })\cdot d{\vec {l}}\end{aligned}}}"></span> </p><p>其中<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\textstyle {\vec {E}}_{\mathrm {induced} }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">u</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\textstyle {\vec {E}}_{\mathrm {induced} }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/734427b3a642a28c1f7af45419540d4e63c8863d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:7.581ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\textstyle {\vec {E}}_{\mathrm {induced} }}"></span>是隨時間變化的磁場所造成的旋轉的電場。 </p><p>如此我們就定義了一個總是良好定義的電壓了。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="在電路分析的電壓"><span id=".E5.9C.A8.E9.9B.BB.E8.B7.AF.E5.88.86.E6.9E.90.E7.9A.84.E9.9B.BB.E5.A3.93"></span>在電路分析的電壓</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E5%A3%93&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：在電路分析的電壓"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%B7%AF%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="電路分析">電路分析</a>或者<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="電機工程學">電機工程學</a>中，跨越電感的兩點的電壓並不定義為0或者無法定義。因為電機工程中使用了集總電路模型來描述與分析電路。 </p><p>當我們使用集總電路模型來描述電路時，我們假設電路周圍沒有磁場且磁場的影響被關在集總電路的元素之中，也就是我們假設我們處理的是理想的電器元件。如果以上的假設並不成立（例如溢出的磁場過大），那麼它們被稱做<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%84%E7%94%9F%E5%85%83%E4%BB%B6" title="寄生元件">寄生元件</a>，並有相應的分析。 </p><p>假設以上的假設皆成立，對於跨越電感的兩點的電壓，我們寫作: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \int \mathrm {\vec {E}} \cdot d{\vec {l}}=-L{\frac {dI}{dt}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>l</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi>L</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>I</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \int \mathrm {\vec {E}} \cdot d{\vec {l}}=-L{\frac {dI}{dt}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0fa2c2fcb3f68a88403aa9c27c6be3058062d214" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:18.059ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \int \mathrm {\vec {E}} \cdot d{\vec {l}}=-L{\frac {dI}{dt}}}"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="水力學模擬"><span id=".E6.B0.B4.E5.8A.9B.E5.AD.B8.E6.A8.A1.E6.93.AC"></span>水力學模擬</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E5%A3%93&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：水力學模擬"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8%E6%A8%A1%E6%93%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水力學模擬（页面不存在）">水力學模擬</a></div> <p>其中一個比擬<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E8%BF%B4%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="電子迴路">電子迴路</a>運作的方式是把電子迴路想成是一個封閉的水<a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%A1%E8%B7%AF%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="管路系統">管路系統</a>，有<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%AB%E6%B5%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="幫浦">幫浦</a>在帶動它。而電路中兩點的電位差即看作水路中兩點的水壓差。如果幫浦製造了兩點間的壓力差，那麼這兩點間水的流動可以作功，例如帶<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A6%E8%BC%AA%E7%99%BC%E5%8B%95%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="渦輪發動機">渦輪發動機</a>轉動。同樣的，電子在電子迴路中的電位差可以帶動元件作功，而電位差是由諸如<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%B1%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="電池">電池</a>等來提供。例如，一個充夠電的汽車電池造成的電位差可以「推動」大電流使得啟動馬達發動。如果幫浦沒有運作，那麼就不會有壓力差，渦輪發動機不會轉動。同樣的，如果汽車電池不夠強或者沒電了，那麼啟動馬達就不會運作。 </p><p>水管路系統的比擬是一個有助於理解許多電子原理的方法。在這個系統下，移動水所需要作的功等於壓力乘以移動的水的體積。相似地，在電子迴路中，移動電子或者其他載子所需要的功等於「電子壓力」乘以被移動的電子的電量。在和「流」比擬的部分，越大的兩點「壓力差」（電位差或者水壓）就會造成愈大的流動（電流或者水流）。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="應用"><span id=".E6.87.89.E7.94.A8"></span>應用</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E5%A3%93&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：應用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Navy_110315-N-0278E-002_High-voltage_electricians_from_Naval_Facilities_Engineering_Command_(NAVFAC)_Hawaii_reconfigure_electrical_circuitry_and.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/US_Navy_110315-N-0278E-002_High-voltage_electricians_from_Naval_Facilities_Engineering_Command_%28NAVFAC%29_Hawaii_reconfigure_electrical_circuitry_and.jpg/170px-US_Navy_110315-N-0278E-002_High-voltage_electricians_from_Naval_Facilities_Engineering_Command_%28NAVFAC%29_Hawaii_reconfigure_electrical_circuitry_and.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/US_Navy_110315-N-0278E-002_High-voltage_electricians_from_Naval_Facilities_Engineering_Command_%28NAVFAC%29_Hawaii_reconfigure_electrical_circuitry_and.jpg/255px-US_Navy_110315-N-0278E-002_High-voltage_electricians_from_Naval_Facilities_Engineering_Command_%28NAVFAC%29_Hawaii_reconfigure_electrical_circuitry_and.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/US_Navy_110315-N-0278E-002_High-voltage_electricians_from_Naval_Facilities_Engineering_Command_%28NAVFAC%29_Hawaii_reconfigure_electrical_circuitry_and.jpg/340px-US_Navy_110315-N-0278E-002_High-voltage_electricians_from_Naval_Facilities_Engineering_Command_%28NAVFAC%29_Hawaii_reconfigure_electrical_circuitry_and.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>在高壓電線的工作</figcaption></figure> <p>要進行一個電壓的測量，我們都會明確或不明確地指定要量的是哪兩點之間的電壓。在使用伏特計測量電位差之時，其中一端必須接在量測的某個端點，另一端也必須接在另一個端點。 </p><p>其中一個常見的電壓使用情況是，在描述經過一個電子設備以後<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%A3%93%E9%99%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="電壓降">電壓降</a>值（例如電阻）。電子設備的電壓降可以被理解為電子設備兩端與某個共同參考點（或者<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A5%E5%9C%B0" title="接地">接地</a>）所量測到的電壓的差值。在電路中被理想導體（且無電組與變化的磁場）所連接的兩點會得到電壓零的測量值。任何同電位的兩點皆可被導體所連接，並且不會有電流經過。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="電壓的相加"><span id=".E9.9B.BB.E5.A3.93.E7.9A.84.E7.9B.B8.E5.8A.A0"></span>電壓的相加</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E5%A3%93&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：電壓的相加"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>A</i>,<i>C</i>之間的電壓會是<i>A</i>,<i>B</i>之間的電壓加上<i>B</i>,<i>C</i>之間的電壓。各種電路中的電壓可以用<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%B8%8C%E8%8D%B7%E5%A4%AB%E9%9B%BB%E8%B7%AF%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="克希荷夫電路定律">克希荷夫電路定律</a>計算。 </p><p>當在討論<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E6%B5%81%E9%9B%BB" title="交流電">交流電</a>（AC）時，瞬時電壓和平均電壓是不同的。瞬時電壓可以用在討論<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E6%B5%81%E9%9B%BB" title="直流電">直流電</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E6%B5%81%E9%9B%BB" title="交流電">交流電</a>，但是平均電壓只有在訊號皆有同樣的頻率和相位時才會有意義。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="量測工具"><span id=".E9.87.8F.E6.B8.AC.E5.B7.A5.E5.85.B7"></span>量測工具</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E5%A3%93&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：量測工具"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:9VBatteryWithMeter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/9VBatteryWithMeter.jpg/220px-9VBatteryWithMeter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/9VBatteryWithMeter.jpg/330px-9VBatteryWithMeter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/9VBatteryWithMeter.jpg/440px-9VBatteryWithMeter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="589" data-file-height="489" /></a><figcaption>以<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E7%94%A8%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="萬用表">萬用表</a>量測電壓</figcaption></figure> <p>量測電壓的工具包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%8E%8B%E8%A1%A8" title="电压表">電壓表</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E4%BD%8D%E5%99%A8" title="電位器">電位器</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BA%E6%B3%A2%E5%99%A8" title="示波器">示波器</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%8E%8B%E8%A1%A8" title="电压表">電壓表</a>，例如動圈式儀表，可以量測流經固定電阻的電流，並且根據<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E5%A7%86%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="歐姆定律">歐姆定律</a>，會正比於電阻所消耗電壓。電位器是利用<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E6%A1%A5%E7%94%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="电桥电路">電橋電路</a>用一個已知的電壓來平衡一個未知的電壓。陰極射線示波器是將電壓放大，並利用它來偏轉直線射出的電子，並且偏轉正比於其電壓。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="常見電壓"><span id=".E5.B8.B8.E8.A6.8B.E9.9B.BB.E5.A3.93"></span>常見電壓</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E5%A3%93&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：常見電壓"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E7%89%B9#常見電壓" title="伏特">伏特 § 常見電壓</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B8%E9%87%8F%E7%B4%9A_(%E9%9B%BB%E5%A3%93)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="數量級 (電壓)（页面不存在）">數量級 (電壓)</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E9%9B%BB#電壓的選擇" title="市電">市電 § 電壓的選擇</a></div> <p>常見的電器電池電壓是1.5 伏特（DC）。 </p><p>常見的堆高機、車輛（汽車（小型車）、機車）電瓶（一顆）電壓是12.6 伏特(DC)（理論值）、12~12.6 伏特(DC)（實際標準值，低於此數據，啟動馬達不易發動引擎）。 </p><p>常見的車輛（汽車（大型車））電瓶（兩顆）電壓是25.2 伏特（DC）（理論值）、24~25.2 伏特（DC）（實際標準值，低於此數據，啟動馬達不易發動引擎）。 </p><p>常見的車輛（汽車、機車）交流發電機電壓是13 伏特（交流電經整流為直流電）~14 伏特（交流電經整流為直流電）。 </p><p>常見的電力公司市電供電電壓為110伏特到120伏特（AC）和220伏特到240伏特（AC）。<a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%B8%E9%9B%BB%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="輸電系統">輸電系統</a>中用來分配電力的電線常常是一般用電電壓的上百倍，一般來說是110到1,200 千伏（AC）。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%9E%B6%E9%9B%BB%E8%BB%8A%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="高架電車線">高架電車線</a>所用的用來驅動<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E9%97%9C%E8%BB%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="機關車">機關車</a>的電壓在12 千伏到50 千伏（AC）或 0.75 千伏到3 千伏（DC）。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="伽伐尼電勢與電化學電勢"><span id=".E4.BC.BD.E4.BC.90.E5.B0.BC.E9.9B.BB.E5.8B.A2.E8.88.87.E9.9B.BB.E5.8C.96.E5.AD.B8.E9.9B.BB.E5.8B.A2"></span>伽伐尼電勢與電化學電勢</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E5%A3%93&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：伽伐尼電勢與電化學電勢"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%BD%E4%BC%90%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%8B%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伽伐尼電勢（页面不存在）">伽伐尼電勢</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E9%9B%BB%E5%8B%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="電化學電勢（页面不存在）">電化學電勢</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%BB%E7%B1%B3%E8%83%BD%E9%9A%8E" title="費米能階">費米能階</a></div> <p>在導體內，電子不只受到平均電位的影響，也會受到比熱容和原子環境的影響。當<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%8E%8B%E8%A1%A8" title="电压表">電壓表</a>連接到兩種不同的金屬時，它量測到的不是靜電上的電位差距，而是被熱力學所影響的其他東西。<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 電壓表量測到的是負的電子電化學電勢差距（<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%BB%E7%B1%B3%E8%83%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="費米能">費米能</a>）除以電子電量，通常被稱為電壓差，而單純的，未被調整過的，不能被電壓表測出的電位，被稱為伽伐尼電勢。伏特和電位使用上會有些混淆，操作上，這兩個詞在不同上下文下有不同的意思。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E5%A3%93&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>電動勢這個詞第一次是被喬凡尼·阿爾蒂尼（Giovanni Aldini）在1798年在信中所使用，並且在1801年首次發表於期刊<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annales_de_chimie_et_de_physique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Annales de chimie et de physique（页面不存在）">Annales de chimie et de physique</a></i>上。<sup id="cite_ref-Varney_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Varney-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:408</sup> 伏打（Volta）是指一個不是靜電力的力，具體來說，也就是電化學力。<sup id="cite_ref-Varney_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Varney-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:405</sup> 這個詞被<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E5%8F%AF%E2%80%A7%E6%B3%95%E6%8B%89%E7%AC%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麥可‧法拉第（页面不存在）">麥可‧法拉第</a>用來和<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E6%84%9F%E5%BA%94" title="电磁感应">電磁感應</a>在1820年代扯上關係。然而當時還沒有一個清楚的電壓定義與測量它的方法。<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:554</sup> 伏打將電動勢和「張力」（位能差異）區分開來了: 在電化電池在開電路的情況下，末端所量測到的位能差異必須剛好平衡電化電池的電動勢，如此才不會有電流的流動。<sup id="cite_ref-Varney_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Varney-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:405</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E5%A3%93&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：參見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_ksim.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/28px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/42px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/56px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:电子学">电子学主题</a></span></li></ul></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E6%B5%81%E9%9B%BB" title="交流電">交流電</a>（AC）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E6%B5%81%E9%9B%BB" title="直流電">直流電</a>（DC）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E4%BD%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="電位">電位</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%93%8A%E5%82%B7" title="電擊傷">電擊傷</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E6%B8%AC%E9%87%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="電子測量（页面不存在）">電子測量</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E9%9B%BB%E5%8B%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="電化學電勢（页面不存在）">電化學電勢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%BB%E7%B1%B3%E8%83%BD%E9%9A%8E" title="費米能階">費米能階</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%A3%93%E9%9B%BB" title="高壓電">高壓電</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E9%9B%BB" title="市電">市電</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E7%94%A8%E9%9B%BB%E6%BA%90%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="家用電源列表">家用電源列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E5%A7%86%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="歐姆定律">歐姆定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E5%A7%86" title="歐姆">歐姆</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%96%8B%E8%B7%AF%E9%9B%BB%E5%A3%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="開路電壓（页面不存在）">開路電壓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BB%E8%B1%A1%E9%9B%BB%E6%BA%90" class="mw-redirect" title="幻象電源">幻象電源</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E5%A3%93&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-SI-Bro-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SI-Bro_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Bureau_of_Weights_and_Measures2019" class="citation"><a href="/wiki/2019%E5%B9%B4%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D%E5%88%B6%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D%E9%87%8D%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9" title="2019年國際單位制基本單位重新定義">International Bureau of Weights and Measures</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9.pdf">SI Brochure: The International System of Units (SI)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> 9th, 2019-05-20, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-92-822-2272-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-92-822-2272-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-92-822-2272-0</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9B%BB%E5%A3%93&rft.au=International+Bureau+of+Weights+and+Measures&rft.btitle=SI+Brochure%3A+The+International+System+of+Units+%28SI%29&rft.date=2019-05-20&rft.edition=9th&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-92-822-2272-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bipm.org%2Futils%2Fcommon%2Fpdf%2Fsi-brochure%2FSI-Brochure-9.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">IEV: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-25">electric potential</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210428033941/http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-25">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">IEV: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-27">voltage</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160203221151/http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-27">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Demetrius T. Paris and F. Kenneth Hurd, <i>Basic Electromagnetic Theory</i>, McGraw-Hill, New York 1969, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61200749">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-07-048470-8" title="Special:网络书源/0-07-048470-8">0-07-048470-8</a>, pp. 512, 546</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">P. Hammond, <i>Electromagnetism for Engineers</i>, p. 135, Pergamon Press 1969 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E6%9C%BA%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="联机计算机图书馆中心">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/854336">854336</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Introduction to Electrodynamics. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/1108420419" title="Special:网络书源/1108420419"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 1108420419</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9B%BB%E5%A3%93&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Electrodynamics&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1108420419&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bagotskii, Vladimir Sergeevich. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210428053633/https://books.google.com/books?id=09QI-assq1cC&pg=PA22">Fundamentals of electrochemistry</a>. 2006: 22 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-01-13</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-471-70058-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-471-70058-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-471-70058-6</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=09QI-assq1cC&pg=PA22">原始内容</a>存档于2021-04-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9B%BB%E5%A3%93&rft.aufirst=Vladimir+Sergeevich&rft.aulast=Bagotskii&rft.btitle=Fundamentals+of+electrochemistry&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-471-70058-6&rft.pages=22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D09QI-assq1cC%26pg%3DPA22&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Varney-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Varney_8-0"><sup><b>8.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Varney_8-1"><sup><b>8.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Varney_8-2"><sup><b>8.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert N. Varney, Leon H. Fisher, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aapt.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1119/1.12115">"Electromotive force: Volta's forgotten concept"</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210416012226/https://aapt.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1119/1.12115">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, <i>American Journal of Physics</i>, vol. 48, iss. 5, pp. 405–408, May 1980.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C. J. Brockman, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ed005p549?journalCode=jceda8">"The origin of voltaic electricity: The contact vs. chemical theory before the concept of E. M. F. was developed"</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220717034921/https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ed005p549?journalCode=jceda8">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, <i>Journal of Chemical Education</i>, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 549–555, May 1928</span> </li> </ol> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810664358405606">波兰</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">学术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="voltage"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300221200">AAT</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="电磁学" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9C%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%B8" title="靜電學">靜電學</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB" title="電">電</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%8D%B7" title="電荷">電荷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%A0%B4" title="電場">電場</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%93%A6%E8%B5%B7%E9%9B%BB%E6%95%88%E6%87%89" title="摩擦起電效應">摩擦起電效應</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%99%E7%94%B5%E6%94%BE%E7%94%B5" title="静电放电">静电放电</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%AA%E7%94%B5" title="闪电">闪电</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E6%99%95%E6%94%BE%E7%94%B5" title="电晕放电">电晕放电</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%96%E7%AB%AF%E6%94%BE%E9%9B%BB" title="尖端放電">尖端放电</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%99%E7%94%B5%E6%84%9F%E5%BA%94" title="静电感应">静电感应</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%99%E7%94%B5%E9%99%A4%E5%B0%98" title="静电除尘">静电吸附</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%99%E7%94%B5%E5%B1%8F%E8%94%BD" title="静电屏蔽">静电屏蔽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E4%BB%91%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="库仑定律">库仑定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="高斯定律">高斯定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E9%80%9A%E9%87%8F" title="电通量">电通量</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%8A%BF%E8%83%BD" title="电势能">电势能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%81%B6%E6%9E%81%E7%9F%A9" title="电偶极矩">电偶极矩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%A5%B5%E5%8C%96" title="電極化">電極化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E4%BD%8D%E7%A7%BB" title="電位移">電位移</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:VFPt_Solenoid_correct2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Solenoid"><img alt="Solenoid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/VFPt_Solenoid_correct2.svg/190px-VFPt_Solenoid_correct2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="190" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/VFPt_Solenoid_correct2.svg/285px-VFPt_Solenoid_correct2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/VFPt_Solenoid_correct2.svg/380px-VFPt_Solenoid_correct2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9C%E7%A3%81%E5%AD%B8" title="靜磁學">靜磁學</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81" title="磁">磁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%9F%B9%E7%8E%AF%E8%B7%AF%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="安培环路定律">安培定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E5%A0%B4" title="磁場">磁場</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E6%84%9F%E5%BA%94%E5%BC%BA%E5%BA%A6" title="磁感应强度">磁感应强度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E5%A0%B4" title="磁場">磁場強度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E5%8C%96%E5%BC%B7%E5%BA%A6" title="磁化強度">磁化強度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E9%80%9A%E9%87%8F" title="磁通量">磁通量</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E5%A5%A5-%E8%90%A8%E4%BC%90%E5%B0%94%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="毕奥-萨伐尔定律">毕奥-萨伐尔定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E7%9F%A9" title="磁矩">磁矩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%96%AF%E7%A3%81%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="高斯磁定律">高斯磁定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E7%9F%A2%E5%8A%BF" title="磁矢势">磁矢势</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%B8" title="電學">電學</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="电路">电路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E6%B5%81" title="电流">电流</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%8B%A2" title="電勢">電勢</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">電壓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E9%98%BB" title="电阻">电阻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%95%E7%B7%A3%E9%AB%94" title="絕緣體">絕緣體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%AF%BC%E4%BD%93" title="半导体">半导体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%B0%8E%E9%AB%94" title="電導體">導體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%B0%8E%E9%AB%94" title="超導體">超導體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%A7%86%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="欧姆定律">欧姆定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B2%E8%81%AF%E9%9B%BB%E8%B7%AF" title="串聯電路">串聯電路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A6%E8%81%AF%E9%9B%BB%E8%B7%AF" title="並聯電路">並聯電路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E6%B5%81%E9%9B%BB" title="直流電">直流電</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E6%B5%81%E9%9B%BB" title="交流電">交流電</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%A6%E7%94%B5%E6%B5%81" title="带电流">带电流</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%8B%95%E5%8B%A2" title="電動勢">電動勢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AE%B9" title="電容">電容</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E6%84%9F" title="电感">电感</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BB%E6%8A%97" title="阻抗">阻抗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AF%BC" title="电导">电导</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E6%B3%A2%E5%AF%BC" title="电磁波导">波导</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%86%B6%E9%98%BB%E5%99%A8" title="憶阻器">憶阻器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%88%BE%E9%9C%8D%E5%A4%AB%E9%9B%BB%E8%B7%AF%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="基爾霍夫電路定律">基爾霍夫電路定律</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%8E%B0%E8%B1%A1" title="电现象">电现象</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%93%E9%9B%BB%E6%95%88%E6%87%89" title="壓電效應">壓電效應</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%8B%E9%98%BB%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94" title="压阻效应">压阻效应</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E9%9B%BB%E6%95%88%E6%87%89" title="熱電效應">熱電效應</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%94%B5%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94" title="光电效应">光电效应</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%87%B4%E7%99%BC%E5%85%89" title="電致發光">電致發光</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%AB%98%E5%B1%82%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E6%94%BE%E7%94%B5" title="中高层大气放电">中高层大气放电</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%B8%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E5%AD%A6" title="经典电磁学">电动力学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%A6%E5%85%B9%E5%8A%9B" title="洛伦兹力">洛伦兹力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E7%88%BE%E6%95%88%E6%87%89" title="霍爾效應">霍爾效應</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81%E5%B9%B2%E6%93%BE" title="電磁干擾">電磁干擾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%8B%89%E7%AC%AC%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E6%84%9F%E5%BA%94%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="法拉第电磁感应定律">法拉第电磁感应定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9E%E6%AC%A1%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="楞次定律">楞次定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8D%E7%A7%BB%E9%9B%BB%E6%B5%81" title="位移電流">位移電流</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E5%A3%AB%E5%A8%81%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B%E7%B5%84" title="馬克士威方程組">馬克士威方程組</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E5%9C%BA" title="电磁场">电磁场</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E6%B3%A2" title="电磁波">电磁波</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E5%A3%AB%E5%A8%81%E6%87%89%E5%8A%9B%E5%BC%B5%E9%87%8F" title="馬克士威應力張量">馬克士威應力張量</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A1%E5%8D%B0%E5%BB%B7%E5%90%91%E9%87%8F" title="坡印廷向量">坡印廷向量</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E7%B4%8D-%E7%B6%AD%E8%AC%9D%E5%8B%A2" title="黎納-維謝勢">黎納-維謝勢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%91%E6%96%90%E7%B7%AC%E6%9F%AF%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F" title="傑斐緬柯方程式">傑斐緬柯方程式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A6%E9%9B%BB%E6%B5%81" title="渦電流">渦電流</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E6%95%A6%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B" title="倫敦方程">倫敦方程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A8%E9%81%B2%E5%8B%A2" title="推遲勢">推遲勢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93" title="自由空間">自由空間</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%B8%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%8F%E5%8F%98%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F" title="经典电磁理论的协变形式">協變表述</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81%E5%BC%B5%E9%87%8F" title="電磁張量">電磁張量</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E7%B6%AD%E9%9B%BB%E6%B5%81%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="四維電流密度">四維電流密度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81%E6%87%89%E5%8A%9B-%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F%E5%BC%B5%E9%87%8F" title="電磁應力-能量張量">電磁應力-能量張量</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E5%9B%9B%E7%BB%B4%E5%8A%BF" title="电磁四维势">四維勢</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2#电磁学的发展史" title="物理学史">发展史</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%8D%B7%E5%AE%88%E6%81%92%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="电荷守恒定律">电荷守恒定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E4%BB%91%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="库仑定律">库仑定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E6%89%93%E7%94%B5%E5%A0%86" title="伏打电堆">伏打电堆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E4%BC%90%E5%B0%BC%E7%94%B5%E6%B1%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="伽伐尼电池">伽伐尼电池</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%9F%B9%E7%8E%AF%E8%B7%AF%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="安培环路定律">安培定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%A7%86%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="欧姆定律">欧姆定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E6%84%9F%E5%BA%94" title="电磁感应">电磁感应</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E5%A3%AB%E5%A8%81%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B%E7%B5%84" title="馬克士威方程組">馬克士威方程組</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%88%BE%E9%9C%8D%E5%A4%AB%E9%9B%BB%E8%B7%AF%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="基爾霍夫電路定律">基爾霍夫電路定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86" title="戴维南定理">戴维南定理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E6%B3%A2" title="电磁波">电磁波</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90" title="电子">电子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%97%8B" title="自旋">自旋</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">科學家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%83%88-%E9%A6%AC%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%E5%9F%B9" title="安德烈-馬里·安培">安培</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A9-%E5%B7%B4%E8%92%82%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%AF%95%E5%A5%A5" title="让-巴蒂斯特·毕奥">让-巴蒂斯特·毕奥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%BA%93%E4%BB%91" title="夏尔·库仑">庫侖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4" title="汉弗里·戴维">漢弗里·戴維</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E5%9B%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="愛因斯坦">愛因斯坦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%8B%89%E7%AC%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="法拉第">法拉第</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E8%8A%92%C2%B7%E6%96%90%E7%B4%A2" title="阿尔芒·斐索">阿爾芒·斐索</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E9%AB%98%E6%96%AF" title="卡爾·弗里德里希·高斯">高斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%BC%97%C2%B7%E9%BB%91%E7%B6%AD%E5%A1%9E" title="奧利弗·黑維塞">奧利弗·黑維塞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E4%BA%A5%E5%A7%86%E9%9C%8D%E5%85%B9" title="赫尔曼·冯·亥姆霍兹">亥姆霍茲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%91%9F%C2%B7%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9" title="約瑟·亨利">亨利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%A0%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E5%85%B9" title="海因里希·赫兹">赫茲</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hopkinson" class="extiw" title="en:John Hopkinson">John Hopkinson</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleg_D._Jefimenko" class="extiw" title="en:Oleg D. Jefimenko">Oleg D. Jefimenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%84%A6%E8%80%B3" title="詹姆斯·焦耳">焦耳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%E5%8B%8B%E7%88%B5" title="开尔文勋爵">开尔文勋爵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%9F%BA%E7%88%BE%E9%9C%8D%E5%A4%AB" title="古斯塔夫·基爾霍夫">古斯塔夫·基爾霍夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E8%8E%AB%E5%B0%94" title="约瑟夫·拉莫尔">約瑟夫·拉莫爾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%A0%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E5%86%B7%E6%AC%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="海因里希·冷次">海因里希·冷次</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred-Marie_Li%C3%A9nard" class="extiw" title="en:Alfred-Marie Liénard">Alfred-Marie Liénard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%8B%9E%E4%BE%96%E8%8C%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="亨德里克·勞侖茲">亨德里克·勞侖茲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E9%9F%A6" title="詹姆斯·克拉克·麦克斯韦">詹姆斯·克拉克·麦克斯韦</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Ernst_Neumann" class="extiw" title="en:Franz Ernst Neumann">Franz Ernst Neumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E6%AC%A7%E5%A7%86" title="格奥尔格·欧姆">歐姆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="汉斯·克里斯蒂安·奥斯特">漢斯·克里斯蒂安·奧斯特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A2%85%E7%BF%81%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E6%B3%8A%E6%9D%BE" title="西梅翁·德尼·泊松">西梅翁·德尼·泊松</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E5%9D%A1%E5%8D%B0%E5%BB%B7" title="约翰·亨利·坡印廷">約翰·亨利·坡印廷</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ritchie_(physicist)" class="extiw" title="en:William Ritchie (physicist)">William Ritchie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%88%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E4%BC%90" title="菲利克斯·沙伐">沙伐</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Singer" class="extiw" title="en:George Singer">George Singer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E7%BE%85%E9%80%8F%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%B3%B0%E5%9B%A0%E6%A2%85%E8%8C%A8" title="查爾斯·普羅透斯·斯泰因梅茨">查爾斯·普羅透斯·斯泰因梅茨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89" title="尼古拉·特斯拉">特斯拉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C2%B7J%C2%B7%E6%B9%AF%E5%A7%86%E6%A3%AE" title="J·J·湯姆森">湯姆森</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BE%85%C2%B7%E4%BC%8F%E6%89%93" title="亞歷山德羅·伏打">伏特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%84%9B%E5%BE%B7%E8%8F%AF%C2%B7%E9%9F%8B%E4%BC%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="威廉·愛德華·韋伯">韋伯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E8%88%8D%E7%89%B9" title="埃米尔·约翰·维舍特">維歇特</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="供電" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BE%9B%E9%9B%BB" title="Template:供電"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%BE%9B%E9%9B%BB" title="Template talk:供電"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BE%9B%E9%9B%BB" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:供電"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="供電" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">供電</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">電學概念</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B" title="電力">電力</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">電壓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E6%B5%81" title="电流">电流</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E9%A2%91" title="工频">工频</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9F%E7%8E%87" title="電功率">電功率</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E6%B5%81%E7%94%B5%E5%8A%9F%E7%8E%87" title="交流电功率">交流電功率</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9F%E7%8E%87%E5%9B%A0%E6%95%B0" title="功率因数">功率因數</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%A3%93%E9%9B%BB" title="高壓電">高壓電</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E6%B5%81%E9%9B%BB" title="直流電">直流電</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E6%B5%81%E9%9B%BB" title="交流電">交流電</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E7%9B%B8%E9%9B%BB" title="單相電">單相電</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%9B%B8%E9%9B%BB" title="三相電">三相電</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%AE%B9%E9%87%8F" title="額定容量">額定容量</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%9B%B8_(%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%A6)" title="三相 (电学)">三相</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%80%A7%E5%B0%8E%E9%AB%94" title="中性導體">中線</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A5%E5%9C%B0" title="接地">接地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%AD%E8%B7%AF%E6%AF%94_(%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F)" title="短路比 (發電機)">短路比</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="需求因數" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Demand factor"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%80%E6%B1%82%E5%9B%A0%E6%95%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="需求因數（页面不存在）">需求因數</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demand_factor" class="extiw" title="en:Demand factor"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Demand factor</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="供電質素" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Electric power quality"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BE%9B%E9%9B%BB%E8%B3%AA%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="供電質素（页面不存在）">供電質素</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_quality" class="extiw" title="en:Electric power quality"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Electric power quality</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B%E6%BD%AE%E6%B5%81" title="電力潮流">電力潮流</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">能量來源</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="不可再生能源">不可再生</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A4" title="煤">煤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E6%B0%94" title="天然气">天然气</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9" title="石油">石油</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B" title="核動力">核動力</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="可再生能源">可再生</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="高變動性再生能源" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Variable renewable energy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E8%AE%8A%E5%8B%95%E6%80%A7%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高變動性再生能源（页面不存在）">高變動性再生能源</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_renewable_energy" class="extiw" title="en:Variable renewable energy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Variable renewable energy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8" title="生物质">生物质</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="生物燃料">生物燃料</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%86%B1%E8%83%BD%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB" title="地熱能發電">地熱能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%8A%9B%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB" title="水力發電">水力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E8%83%BD" title="海洋能">海洋能</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B5%81%E8%83%BD" title="海流能">海流能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B0%B4%E9%B9%BD%E5%B7%AE%E8%83%BD" title="海水鹽差能">海水鹽差能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B0%B4%E6%BA%AB%E5%B7%AE%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB" title="海水溫差發電">海水溫差</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E6%B1%90%E8%83%BD" title="潮汐能">潮汐能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%B5%AA%E8%83%BD" title="波浪能">波浪能</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E8%83%BD%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB" title="太陽能發電">太陽能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E8%83%BD" title="風能">風能</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB" title="發電">發電</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">發電廠及設備</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%8A%9B%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%BB%A0" title="火力發電廠">火力發電廠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%83%BD%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%BB%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="核能發電廠">核能發電廠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%8E%E5%8A%9B%E5%8F%91%E7%94%B5%E5%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="风力发电场">風力發電場</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="太陽能發電場" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Photovoltaic power station"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E8%83%BD%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%A0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太陽能發電場（页面不存在）">太陽能發電場</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station" class="extiw" title="en:Photovoltaic power station"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Photovoltaic power station</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E6%B1%90%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB" title="潮汐發電">潮汐發電廠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E8%B2%A0%E8%BC%89%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%BB%A0" title="基本負載發電廠">基本負載發電廠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%96%E5%B3%B0%E8%B2%A0%E8%BC%89%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%BB%A0" title="尖峰負載發電廠">尖峰負載發電廠</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="負載追隨發電廠" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Load following power plant"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%A0%E8%BC%89%E8%BF%BD%E9%9A%A8%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%BB%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="負載追隨發電廠（页面不存在）">負載追隨發電廠</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Load_following_power_plant" class="extiw" title="en:Load following power plant"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Load following power plant</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%BD%E6%B0%B4%E8%93%84%E8%83%BD%E7%94%B5%E7%AB%99" title="抽水蓄能电站">抽水蓄能电站</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9B%E6%93%AC%E9%9B%BB%E5%BB%A0" title="虛擬電廠">虛擬電廠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E5%8D%BB%E5%A1%94" title="冷卻塔">冷卻塔</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="異步發電機" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Induction generator"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%95%B0%E6%AD%A5%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="異步發電機（页面不存在）">異步發電機</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induction_generator" class="extiw" title="en:Induction generator"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Induction generator</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E5%9E%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB" title="微型發電">微型發電</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">發電理論</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E7%94%B5%E8%81%94%E4%BA%A7" title="热电联产">热电联产</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E5%9E%8B%E7%83%AD%E7%94%B5%E8%81%94%E4%BA%A7" title="微型热电联产">微型热电联产</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" title="联合循环">联合循环</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%97%E8%82%AF%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" title="朗肯循环">朗肯循环</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%95%A3%E5%BC%8F%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB" title="分散式發電">分散式發電</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="可用率因數" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Availability factor"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E7%94%A8%E7%8E%87%E5%9B%A0%E6%95%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可用率因數（页面不存在）">可用率因數</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Availability_factor" class="extiw" title="en:Availability factor"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Availability factor</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自動發電控制" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Automatic generation control"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自動發電控制（页面不存在）">自動發電控制</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_generation_control" class="extiw" title="en:Automatic generation control"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Automatic generation control</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="發電機啟停順序" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Merit order"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F%E5%95%9F%E5%81%9C%E9%A0%86%E5%BA%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="發電機啟停順序（页面不存在）">發電機啟停順序</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merit_order" class="extiw" title="en:Merit order"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Merit order</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E5%9E%82%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="下垂速度控制">下垂速度控制</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="能源投入回報比" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Energy return on investment"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E6%8A%95%E5%85%A5%E5%9B%9E%E5%A0%B1%E6%AF%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="能源投入回報比（页面不存在）">能源投入回報比</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_return_on_investment" class="extiw" title="en:Energy return on investment"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Energy return on investment</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="短路比 (電網)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Short circuit ratio (electrical grid)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9F%AD%E8%B7%AF%E6%AF%94_(%E9%9B%BB%E7%B6%B2)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="短路比 (電網)（页面不存在）">短路比 (電網)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_circuit_ratio_(electrical_grid)" class="extiw" title="en:Short circuit ratio (electrical grid)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Short circuit ratio (electrical grid)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A0%E8%BC%89%E5%9B%A0%E6%95%B8" title="負載因數">負載因數</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="增容改造" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Repowering"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A2%9E%E5%AE%B9%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="增容改造（页面不存在）">增容改造</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repowering" class="extiw" title="en:Repowering"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Repowering</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="頂峰需求" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Peak demand"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A0%82%E5%B3%B0%E9%9C%80%E6%B1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="頂峰需求（页面不存在）">頂峰需求</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak_demand" class="extiw" title="en:Peak demand"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Peak demand</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B9%E9%87%8F%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90" title="容量因子">容量因子</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">輸電</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="電力系統">電力系統</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%B8%E9%9B%BB%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="輸電系統">輸電系統</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E9%9B%BB%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="配電系統">配電系統</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%B8%E9%9B%BB%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF" title="輸電網路">輸電網路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%80%E9%87%8F%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89" title="需量反應">需求反應</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="動態需求" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dynamic demand (electric power)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B%E9%9C%80%E6%B1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="動態需求（页面不存在）">動態需求</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_demand_(electric_power)" class="extiw" title="en:Dynamic demand (electric power)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dynamic demand (electric power)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="電力銷售" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Electricity retailing"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B%E9%8A%B7%E5%94%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="電力銷售（页面不存在）">電力銷售</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_retailing" class="extiw" title="en:Electricity retailing"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Electricity retailing</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E7%BA%BF_(%E7%94%B5%E5%8A%9B)" title="母线 (电力)">匯流排</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%A3%93%E7%9B%B4%E6%B5%81%E8%BC%B8%E9%9B%BB" title="高壓直流輸電">高壓直流輸電</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="岸電 (輸電)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="High-voltage shore connection"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B2%B8%E9%9B%BB_(%E8%BC%B8%E9%9B%BB)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="岸電 (輸電)（页面不存在）">岸電</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-voltage_shore_connection" class="extiw" title="en:High-voltage shore connection"><span lang="en" dir="auto">High-voltage shore connection</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="負載管理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Load management"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%A0%E8%BC%89%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="負載管理（页面不存在）">負載管理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Load_management" class="extiw" title="en:Load management"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Load management</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E7%94%A8%E9%9B%BB%E6%BA%90%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="家用電源列表">家用電源列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%B6%E7%A9%BA%E9%9B%BB%E7%BA%9C" title="架空電纜">架空電纜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A8%E8%83%BD%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="储能技术">储能技术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E6%85%A7%E9%9B%BB%E7%B6%B2" title="智慧電網">智慧電網</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E9%9B%BB%E6%89%80" title="變電所">變電所</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="單線地迴路" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Single-wire earth return"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%96%AE%E7%B7%9A%E5%9C%B0%E8%BF%B4%E8%B7%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="單線地迴路（页面不存在）">單線地迴路</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-wire_earth_return" class="extiw" title="en:Single-wire earth return"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Single-wire earth return</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%B4%9A%E9%9B%BB%E7%B6%B2" title="超級電網">超級電網</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%98%E5%8E%8B%E5%99%A8" title="变压器">变压器</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="輸電系統操作商" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Transmission system operator"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BC%B8%E9%9B%BB%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E5%95%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="輸電系統操作商（页面不存在）">輸電系統操作商</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_system_operator" class="extiw" title="en:Transmission system operator"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Transmission system operator</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="輸電塔" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Transmission tower"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BC%B8%E9%9B%BB%E5%A1%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="輸電塔（页面不存在）">輸電塔</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_tower" class="extiw" title="en:Transmission tower"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Transmission tower</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%BA%BF%E6%9D%86" title="电线杆">电线杆</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="電流反饋" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Backfeeding"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E6%B5%81%E5%8F%8D%E9%A5%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="電流反饋（页面不存在）">電流反饋</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backfeeding" class="extiw" title="en:Backfeeding"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Backfeeding</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E8%AA%BF%E5%BA%A6" title="經濟調度">經濟調度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E9%9C%80%E6%B1%82%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="能源需求管理">能源需求管理</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="家用儲能" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Home energy storage"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%B6%E7%94%A8%E5%84%B2%E8%83%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="家用儲能（页面不存在）">家用儲能</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage" class="extiw" title="en:Home energy storage"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Home energy storage</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E7%B6%B2%E5%84%B2%E8%83%BD" title="電網儲能">電網儲能</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="電力守則" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Grid code"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B%E5%AE%88%E5%89%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="電力守則（页面不存在）">電力守則</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_code" class="extiw" title="en:Grid code"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Grid code</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B%E6%BD%AE%E6%B5%81" title="電力潮流">電力潮流</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">故障</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E6%95%85%E9%9A%9C" title="電力系統故障">電力系統故障</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%A3%93%E9%A9%9F%E9%99%8D" title="電壓驟降">電壓驟降</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%9C%E9%9B%BB" title="停電">停電</a> (<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="分區輪流供電" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rolling blackout"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%86%E5%8D%80%E8%BC%AA%E6%B5%81%E4%BE%9B%E9%9B%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="分區輪流供電（页面不存在）">分區輪流供電</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling_blackout" class="extiw" title="en:Rolling blackout"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rolling blackout</span></a></span>）</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%90%E9%9B%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="限電">限電</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="全黑啟動" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Black start"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E9%BB%91%E5%95%9F%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全黑啟動（页面不存在）">全黑啟動</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_start" class="extiw" title="en:Black start"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Black start</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="連鎖故障" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cascading failure"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%A3%E9%8E%96%E6%95%85%E9%9A%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="連鎖故障（页面不存在）">連鎖故障</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascading_failure" class="extiw" title="en:Cascading failure"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cascading failure</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A5%E5%9C%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="接地系统">接地系統</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">繼電保護</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="繼電保護" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Power-system protection"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B9%BC%E9%9B%BB%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="繼電保護（页面不存在）">繼電保護</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power-system_protection" class="extiw" title="en:Power-system protection"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Power-system protection</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E7%BB%A7%E7%94%B5%E5%99%A8" title="保护继电器">保护继电器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B7%E8%B7%AF%E5%99%A8" title="斷路器">斷路器</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="六氟化硫斷路器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AD%E6%B0%9F%E5%8C%96%E7%A1%AB%E6%96%B7%E8%B7%AF%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="六氟化硫斷路器（页面不存在）">六氟化硫斷路器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_hexafluoride_circuit_breaker" class="extiw" title="en:Sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="電弧切斷器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Arc-fault circuit interrupter"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E5%BC%A7%E5%88%87%E6%96%B7%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="電弧切斷器（页面不存在）">電弧切斷器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc-fault_circuit_interrupter" class="extiw" title="en:Arc-fault circuit interrupter"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Arc-fault circuit interrupter</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="漏電斷路器 (斷路器)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Earth leakage circuit breaker"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%8F%E9%9B%BB%E6%96%B7%E8%B7%AF%E5%99%A8_(%E6%96%B7%E8%B7%AF%E5%99%A8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="漏電斷路器 (斷路器)（页面不存在）">漏電斷路器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_leakage_circuit_breaker" class="extiw" title="en:Earth leakage circuit breaker"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Earth leakage circuit breaker</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A5%E5%9C%B0%E6%BC%8F%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E6%8F%92%E5%BA%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="接地漏电保护插座">接地漏电保护插座</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">經濟與政策</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AF%80%E7%B4%84%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="節約能源">節約能源</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="碳抵消" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Carbon offset"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A2%B3%E6%8A%B5%E6%B6%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="碳抵消（页面不存在）">碳抵消</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_offset" class="extiw" title="en:Carbon offset"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Carbon offset</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E7%94%B5%E6%88%90%E6%9C%AC" title="发电成本">发电成本</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%A8%85" title="生態稅">生態稅</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="能源補貼" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Energy subsidy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E8%A3%9C%E8%B2%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="能源補貼（页面不存在）">能源補貼</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_subsidy" class="extiw" title="en:Energy subsidy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Energy subsidy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E7%BD%91%E7%94%B5%E4%BB%B7%E8%A1%A5%E8%B4%B4%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="上网电价补贴政策">上网电价补贴政策</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E7%9F%B3%E7%87%83%E6%96%99%E6%B7%98%E6%B1%B0" title="化石燃料淘汰">化石燃料淘汰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%80%E8%AE%A1%E9%87%8F%E7%94%B5%E4%BB%B7" title="净计量电价">净计量电价</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%87%E5%8F%A4%E7%A8%8E" title="庇古税">庇古税</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E8%AF%81%E4%B9%A6" title="可再生能源证书">可再生能源證書</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="可再生能源收費" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Renewable Energy Payments"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E6%94%B6%E8%B2%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可再生能源收費（页面不存在）">可再生能源收費</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_Energy_Payments" class="extiw" title="en:Renewable Energy Payments"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Renewable Energy Payments</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E5%95%86%E4%B8%9A%E5%8C%96" title="可再生能源商业化">可再生能源商业化</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="火花價差" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Spark spread"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%81%AB%E8%8A%B1%E5%83%B9%E5%B7%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="火花價差（页面不存在）">火花價差</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spark_spread" class="extiw" title="en:Spark spread"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Spark spread</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="潔淨電力計畫" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Clean Power Plan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%94%E6%B7%A8%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="潔淨電力計畫（页面不存在）">潔淨電力計畫</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_Power_Plan" class="extiw" title="en:Clean Power Plan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Clean Power Plan</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E6%A0%B8%E8%83%BD%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="各国核能政策">各国核能政策</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">統計</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="各國電力行業" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of electricity sectors"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="各國電力行業（页面不存在）">各國電力行業</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_electricity_sectors" class="extiw" title="en:List of electricity sectors"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of electricity sectors</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="電力使用量" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Electric energy consumption"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E9%87%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="電力使用量（页面不存在）">電力使用量</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_energy_consumption" class="extiw" title="en:Electric energy consumption"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Electric energy consumption</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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/></span></span>分類：<a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%94%B5%E5%8A%9B%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D" title="Category:电力分配">電力分配</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F" title="Category:發電方式">發電方式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8F%91%E7%94%B5%E7%AB%99%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="Category:发电站技术">發電站技術</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=電壓&oldid=79169887">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=電壓&oldid=79169887</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a 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