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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E6%AC%A7%E5%A7%86" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E6%AC%A7%E5%A7%86" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E6%AC%A7%E5%A7%86" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E6%AC%A7%E5%A7%86" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-生平" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生平"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>生平</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-生平-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关生平子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-生平-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-早年生活" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#早年生活"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>早年生活</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-早年生活-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-大學生活" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#大學生活"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>大學生活</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-大學生活-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-教學生涯" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#教學生涯"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>教學生涯</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-教學生涯-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-逝世" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#逝世"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>逝世</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-逝世-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-欧姆定律的发现" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#欧姆定律的发现"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>欧姆定律的发现</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-欧姆定律的发现-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-著作" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#著作"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>著作</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-著作-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>注释</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">格奥尔格·欧姆</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。95种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-95" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">95种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Simon_Ohm" title="Georg Simon Ohm – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Georg Simon Ohm" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%BA_%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%85" title="غيورغ زيمون أوم – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غيورغ زيمون أوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%85" title="جورج سيمون اوم – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جورج سيمون اوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97_%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AE" title="গিয়ৰ্গ ছিমন ওম – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="গিয়ৰ্গ ছিমন ওম" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Simon_Ohm" title="Georg Simon Ohm – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Georg Simon Ohm" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georq_Om" title="Georq Om – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Georq Om" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%85" title="قئورق زیمون اهم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قئورق زیمون اهم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%9E%D0%BC" title="Георг Ом – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Георг Ом" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%9E%D0%BC" title="Георг Ом – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Георг Ом" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%9E%D0%BC" title="Георг Ом – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Георг Ом" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AE" title="গেয়র্গ সিমোন ওম – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গেয়র্গ সিমোন ওম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Ohm" title="Georg Ohm – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Georg Ohm" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Simon_Ohm" title="Georg Simon Ohm – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Georg Simon Ohm" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Simon_Ohm" title="Georg Simon Ohm – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Georg Simon Ohm" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%DB%86%D8%B1%DA%AF_%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%86%D9%86_%D8%A6%DB%86%D9%85" title="گیۆرگ زیمۆن ئۆم – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گیۆرگ زیمۆن ئۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Simon_Ohm" title="Georg Simon Ohm – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Georg Simon Ohm" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Ohm" title="Georg Ohm – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Georg Ohm" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Simon_Ohm" title="Georg Simon Ohm – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Georg Simon Ohm" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%AD%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BA_%CE%A9%CE%BC" title="Γκέοργκ Ωμ – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκέοργκ Ωμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Ohm" title="Georg Ohm – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Georg Ohm" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Ohm" title="Georg Ohm – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Georg Ohm" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Simon_Ohm" title="Georg Simon Ohm – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Georg Simon Ohm" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Simon_Ohm" title="Georg Simon Ohm – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Georg Simon Ohm" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Simon_Ohm" title="Georg Simon Ohm – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Georg Simon Ohm" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF_%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%85" title="گئورگ زیمون اهم – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گئورگ زیمون اهم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Simon_Ohm" title="Georg Simon Ohm – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Georg Simon Ohm" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Ohm" title="Georg Ohm – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Georg Ohm" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Ohm" title="Georg Ohm – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Georg Ohm" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Simon_Ohm" title="Georg Simon Ohm – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Georg Simon Ohm" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%94%D7%9D" title="גאורג סימון אוהם – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גאורג סימון אוהם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%AE" title="जॉर्ज साइमन ओम – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जॉर्ज साइमन ओम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Simon_Ohm" title="Georg Simon Ohm – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Georg Simon Ohm" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Ohm" title="Georg Ohm – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Georg Ohm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Simon_Ohm" title="Georg Simon Ohm – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Georg Simon Ohm" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A3_%D5%95%D5%B0%D5%B4" title="Գեորգ Օհմ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գեորգ Օհմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Ohm" title="Georg Ohm – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Georg Ohm" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Simon_Ohm" title="Georg Simon Ohm – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Georg Simon Ohm" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Ohm" title="Georg Ohm – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Georg Ohm" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B2%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0" title="ゲオルク・オーム – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ゲオルク・オーム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92_%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="გეორგ ზიმონ ომი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გეორგ ზიმონ ომი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Ohm" title="Georg Ohm – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Georg Ohm" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9E%D0%BC" title="Георг Симон Ом – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Георг Симон Ом" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%93%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಸೈಮನ್ ಓಮ್ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಸೈಮನ್ ಓಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%8C%EC%98%A4%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC_%EC%98%B4" title="게오르크 옴 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="게오르크 옴" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgius_Simon_Ohm" title="Georgius Simon Ohm – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Georgius Simon Ohm" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Simon_Ohm" title="Georg Simon Ohm – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Georg Simon Ohm" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Simon_Ohm" title="Georg Simon Ohm – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Georg Simon Ohm" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Ohm" title="Georg Ohm – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Georg Ohm" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgs_Simons_Oms" title="Georgs Simons Oms – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Georgs Simons Oms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Ohm" title="Georg Ohm – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Georg Ohm" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%9E%D0%BC" title="Георг Ом – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Георг Ом" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BA_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%82" title="ജോർജ് സൈമൺ ഓം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജോർജ് സൈമൺ ഓം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%9E%D0%BC" title="Георг Ом – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Георг Ом" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%AE" title="गेऑर्ग झिमॉन ओम – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गेऑर्ग झिमॉन ओम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Ohm" title="Georg Ohm – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Georg Ohm" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Ohm" title="Georg Ohm – 马耳他语" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Georg Ohm" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="马耳他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7_%E1%80%86%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ဂျော့ ဆိုင်မွန် အုမ်း – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျော့ ဆိုင်မွန် အုမ်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%85" title="اهم – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اهم" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Ohm" title="Georg Ohm – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Georg Ohm" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Ohm" title="Georg Ohm – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Georg Ohm" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Simon_Ohm" title="Georg Simon Ohm – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Georg Simon Ohm" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Simon_Ohm" title="Georg Simon Ohm – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Georg Simon Ohm" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9C_%E0%AC%93%E0%AC%AE" title="ଜର୍ଜ ଓମ – 奥里亚语" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜର୍ଜ ଓମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="奥里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC,_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ом, Георг Симон – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ом, Георг Симон" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Ohm" title="Georg Ohm – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Georg Ohm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Ohm" title="Georg Ohm – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Georg Ohm" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%81%D9%85" title="جارج اوہم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جارج اوہم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Simon_Ohm" title="Georg Simon Ohm – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Georg Simon Ohm" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Simon_Ohm" title="Georg Simon Ohm – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Georg Simon Ohm" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC,_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ом, Георг Симон – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ом, Георг Симон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Ohm" title="Georg Ohm – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Georg Ohm" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Ohm" title="Georg Ohm – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Georg Ohm" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Simon_Ohm" title="Georg Simon Ohm – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Georg Simon Ohm" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Simon_Ohm" title="Georg Simon Ohm – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Georg Simon Ohm" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Simon_Ohm" title="Georg Simon Ohm – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Georg Simon Ohm" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%81%D9%85" title="جارج اوہم – 色莱基语" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="جارج اوہم" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="色莱基语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Simon_Ohm" title="Georg Simon Ohm – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Georg Simon Ohm" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Ohm" title="Georg Ohm – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Georg Ohm" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%9E%D0%BC" title="Георг Ом – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Георг Ом" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Simon_Ohm" title="Georg Simon Ohm – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Georg Simon Ohm" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Ohm" title="Georg Ohm – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Georg Ohm" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Simon_Ohm" title="Georg Simon Ohm – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Georg Simon Ohm" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%93%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஜார்ஜ் ஓம் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜார்ஜ் ஓம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%84_%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99_%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1" title="เกออร์ค ซีม็อน โอห์ม – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เกออร์ค ซีม็อน โอห์ม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Ohm" title="George Ohm – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="George Ohm" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Ohm" title="Georg Ohm – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Georg Ohm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9E%D0%BC" title="Георг Симон Ом – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Георг Симон Ом" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%81%D9%85" title="جارج اوہم – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جارج اوہم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Om_Georg_Simon" title="Om Georg Simon – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Om Georg Simon" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Simon_Ohm" title="Georg Simon Ohm – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Georg Simon Ohm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Ohm" title="Georg Ohm – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Georg Ohm" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E6%AC%A7%E5%A7%86" title="格奥尔格·欧姆 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="格奥尔格·欧姆" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Ohm" title="Georg Ohm – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Georg Ohm" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Ohm" title="Georg Ohm – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Georg Ohm" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A7%E7%88%BE%E6%A0%BC%E6%AD%90%E5%A7%86" title="格奧爾格歐姆 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="格奧爾格歐姆" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1585#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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.mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><span class="fn">格奥尔格·欧姆<br /><small>Georg Ohm</small></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Georg_Simon_Ohm_(1789-1854).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Georg_Simon_Ohm_%281789-1854%29.jpg/225px-Georg_Simon_Ohm_%281789-1854%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Georg_Simon_Ohm_%281789-1854%29.jpg/338px-Georg_Simon_Ohm_%281789-1854%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Georg_Simon_Ohm_%281789-1854%29.jpg/450px-Georg_Simon_Ohm_%281789-1854%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1636" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">出生</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="nickname">格奥尔格·西蒙·欧姆<br />Georg Simon Ohm</span><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1789-03-16</span>)</span>1789年3月16日<br /><span class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%8A%E7%89%B9%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="拜罗伊特公国">勃兰登堡-拜罗伊特</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E6%9C%97%E6%A0%B9" title="埃朗根">埃尔朗根</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">逝世</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1854年7月6日<span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">1854歲—07—06</span>)</span>（65歲）<br /><span class="deathplace"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%90%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="巴伐利亞王國">巴伐利亚王国</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%95%E5%B0%BC%E9%BB%91" title="慕尼黑">慕尼黑</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">母校</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%E6%9C%97%E6%A0%B9-%E7%BA%BD%E4%BC%A6%E5%A0%A1%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="埃尔朗根-纽伦堡大学">埃尔朗根-纽伦堡大学</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">知名于</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%A7%86%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="欧姆定律">欧姆定律</a><br /><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="欧姆听觉定律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ohm's Phase Law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A7%E5%A7%86%E5%90%AC%E8%A7%89%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="欧姆听觉定律（页面不存在）">欧姆位向定律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohm%27s_Phase_Law" class="extiw" title="en:Ohm's Phase Law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ohm's Phase Law</span></a></span>）</span></span><br /><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="欧姆听觉定律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ohm's acoustic law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A7%E5%A7%86%E5%90%AC%E8%A7%89%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="欧姆听觉定律（页面不存在）">欧姆听觉定律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohm%27s_acoustic_law" class="extiw" title="en:Ohm's acoustic law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ohm's acoustic law</span></a></span>）</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">奖项</th><td class="infobox-data note" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E7%8D%8E%E7%AB%A0" title="科普利獎章">科普利奖章</a>（1841年）</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><b>科学生涯</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">研究领域</th><td class="infobox-data category" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="物理学">物理学</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">机构</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%95%E5%B0%BC%E9%BB%91%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="慕尼黑大学">慕尼黑大学</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%A3%AB%E5%B0%8E%E5%B8%AB" title="博士導師">博士導師</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卡尔·克里斯蒂安·冯·朗格斯多夫" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Karl Christian von Langsdorf"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E6%9C%97%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡尔·克里斯蒂安·冯·朗格斯多夫（页面不存在）">卡尔·克里斯蒂安·冯·朗格斯多夫</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Christian_von_Langsdorf" class="extiw" title="en:Karl Christian von Langsdorf"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Karl Christian von Langsdorf</span></a></span>）</span></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>格奥尔格·西蒙·欧姆</b><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>（德語：<span lang="de">Georg Simon Ohm</span>，1789年3月16日—1854年7月6日），<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a>物理学家。欧姆发现了<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E9%98%BB" title="电阻">电阻</a>中<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E6%B5%81" title="电流">电流</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="电压">电压</a>的正比关系，即著名的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%A7%86%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="欧姆定律">欧姆定律</a>；他还证明了导体的电阻与其长度成正比，与其横截面积和传导系数成反比；以及在稳定电流的情况下，<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%8D%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="电荷">电荷</a>不仅在导体的表面上，而且在导体的整个截面上运动。电阻的国际单位制“<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%A7%86" class="mw-redirect" title="欧姆">欧姆</a>”以他的名字命名。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生平"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E5.B9.B3"></span>生平</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E6%AC%A7%E5%A7%86&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：生平"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="早年生活"><span id=".E6.97.A9.E5.B9.B4.E7.94.9F.E6.B4.BB"></span>早年生活</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E6%AC%A7%E5%A7%86&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：早年生活"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>歐姆1789年3月16日出生于德国埃尔朗根的一个锁匠世家，父親约翰·沃尔夫冈·歐姆是一位鎖匠，母親瑪莉亞·伊麗莎白·貝克是埃尔朗根的裁縫師之女。虽然歐姆的父母親從未受過正規教育，但是他的父親是一位受人尊敬的人，高水準的自學程度足以讓他給孩子們出色的教育。歐姆的一些兄弟姊妹們在幼年時期死亡，只有三個孩子存活下來，這三個孩子分別是他、他後來成為著名數學家的弟弟<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马丁·欧姆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Martin Ohm"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E6%AC%A7%E5%A7%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马丁·欧姆（页面不存在）">马丁·欧姆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ohm" class="extiw" title="en:Martin Ohm"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Martin Ohm</span></a></span>）</span></span>（1792年－1872年）和他的姊姊伊麗莎白·芭芭拉。他的母親在他十歲的時候就去世了。 </p><p>幼年時期的初期，格奧爾格·西蒙和馬丁高程度的數學、物理、化學和哲學是受他們的父親所教。格奧爾格·西蒙在11歲至15歲時曾上埃朗根高級中學，在那裡他接受到了一點點科學知识的培養，並且感受到學校所教授的與父親所傳授的有着非常鮮明的不同。格奧爾格·西蒙·欧姆15岁时接受了<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%E6%9C%97%E6%A0%B9-%E7%BA%BD%E4%BC%A6%E5%A0%A1%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="埃尔朗根-纽伦堡大学">埃尔朗根大學</a>教授<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卡尔·克里斯蒂安·冯·兰格斯多弗" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Karl Christian von Langsdorf"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E5%85%B0%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%9A%E5%BC%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡尔·克里斯蒂安·冯·兰格斯多弗（页面不存在）">卡尔·克里斯蒂安·冯·兰格斯多弗</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Christian_von_Langsdorf" class="extiw" title="en:Karl Christian von Langsdorf"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Karl Christian von Langsdorf</span></a></span>）</span></span>的一次测试，他注意到歐姆在数学领域异于常人的出众天赋，他甚至在结论上写道，从锁匠之家将诞生出另一对<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E5%8A%AA%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="丹尼爾·伯努利">伯努利</a>兄弟。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="大學生活"><span id=".E5.A4.A7.E5.AD.B8.E7.94.9F.E6.B4.BB"></span>大學生活</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E6%AC%A7%E5%A7%86&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：大學生活"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1805年，16岁的欧姆进入埃尔朗根大学学习<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="数学">数学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="物理">物理</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="哲学">哲学</a>。他并没有把精力放在学习上，而是在<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%B3%E8%88%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="跳舞">跳舞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%91%E5%86%B0" title="滑冰">滑冰</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%90%83" class="mw-redirect" title="台球">台球</a>上花费了大把的时间。欧姆的父亲对于欧姆如此浪费受教育的机会，而感到非常愤怒，于是把欧姆送到了瑞士。1806年9月，欧姆在Gottstadt bei Nydau的一所学校取得了数学教师的职务。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="教學生涯"><span id=".E6.95.99.E5.AD.B8.E7.94.9F.E6.B6.AF"></span>教學生涯</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E6%AC%A7%E5%A7%86&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：教學生涯"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>卡尔·克里斯蒂安·冯·兰格斯多弗在1809年离开埃尔朗根大学前往<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%BE%B7%E5%A0%A1%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="海德堡大学">海德堡大学</a>任教，欧姆提出希望跟他一起前往海德堡重新开始他的数学学习，但是蘭格斯多弗建议欧姆继续自学数学，并建议他阅读<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%8B%89" class="mw-redirect" title="欧拉">欧拉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="拉普拉斯">拉普拉斯</a>和<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="拉克爾華" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sylvestre_François_Lacroix"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E7%88%BE%E8%8F%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉克爾華（页面不存在）">拉克爾華</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvestre_Fran%C3%A7ois_Lacroix" class="extiw" title="en:Sylvestre François Lacroix"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sylvestre_François_Lacroix</span></a></span>）</span></span>的著作。欧姆接受了蘭格斯多弗的建议，一边任教一边继续自学数学。22岁时，欧姆回到埃尔朗根，并在1811年以论文《Licht und Farben》（光线和色彩）获得博士学位，此后在埃尔朗根做了3个学期的数学讲师。此后分别于1813年在<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E8%B4%9D%E6%A0%BC" title="班贝格">班贝格</a>、1817年在<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E9%9A%86" title="科隆">科隆</a>、1826年在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97" title="柏林">柏林</a>的几家中学任教。 </p><p>欧姆的主要研究兴趣在于当时仍没有被普遍研究的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="电学">电学</a>，1833年成为<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E4%BC%A6%E5%A0%A1" title="纽伦堡">纽伦堡</a>皇家综合技术学校的教授，1839年起担任该校的校长，1849年起任教于<a href="/wiki/%E6%85%95%E5%B0%BC%E9%BB%91%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="慕尼黑大学">慕尼黑大学</a>，1852年成为<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="实验物理学">实验物理学</a>教授。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="逝世"><span id=".E9.80.9D.E4.B8.96"></span>逝世</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E6%AC%A7%E5%A7%86&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：逝世"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>欧姆逝世后葬于慕尼黑。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="欧姆定律的发现"><span id=".E6.AC.A7.E5.A7.86.E5.AE.9A.E5.BE.8B.E7.9A.84.E5.8F.91.E7.8E.B0"></span>欧姆定律的发现</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E6%AC%A7%E5%A7%86&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：欧姆定律的发现"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在1825年发表的第一篇论文中，欧姆研究了当电线长度增加时电磁力随之减小的现象，论文完全基于实验结果推导出了两者之间的数学关系。 </p><p>从傅立叶对<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E4%BC%A0%E5%AF%BC" title="热传导">热传导</a>规律的研究中受到启发，傅立叶发现导热杆中两点间的热流正比于这两点间的温度差，欧姆认为电流现象与热传导相似，便猜想导线中两点之间的电流也正比于这两点间的某种驱动力（即现在所称的电动势）。欧姆用<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E4%BC%8F%E6%89%93" class="mw-redirect" title="亚历山德罗·伏打">亚历山德罗·伏打</a>发明的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E6%89%93%E9%9B%BB%E6%B1%A0" class="mw-disambig" title="伏打電池">伏打电池</a>作为电源，后因电流不稳定而改用铋和铜的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%A9%E5%B7%AE%E7%94%B5%E6%B1%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="温差电池（页面不存在）">温差电池</a>保证了电流的稳定性。为了解决测量电流大小的难题，欧姆先是利用电流的热效应，用热胀冷缩的方法来测量电流大小，但测量结果不精确，后来他把<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" class="mw-disambig" title="奧斯特">奥斯特</a>关于<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%B5%81%E7%A3%81%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="电流磁效应（页面不存在）">电流磁效应</a>的发现和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%93%E4%BB%91%E6%89%AD%E7%A7%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="库仑扭秤（页面不存在）">库仑扭秤</a>巧妙地结合起来设计了一个电流扭秤，让导线和连接的磁针平行放置，当导线中通过电流时，磁针的偏转角与导线中的电流成正比，即代表了电流的大小。 </p><p>在1826年的两篇重要论文中，欧姆建立了电传导的数学模型和表达式。在这两篇论文中，欧姆由先前根据实验结果推导出的结果，进而提出法则，解释直流电研究的结果，成为欧姆在接下来几年发表完整理论前重要的第一步。 </p><p>著名的“欧姆定律”发表在1827年的《Die galvanische Kette, mathematisch bearbeitet》（直流<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="电路">电路</a>的数学研究）中，欧姆在书中完整阐述了他的电学理论，给出了理解全书所需的数学背景知识，提出了<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="电路">电路</a>分析中电流、电压及电阻之间的基本关系。虽然欧姆的这本书对电路理论研究和应用影响重大，但是在当时却受到了冷遇，直到1841年最终被<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A" title="皇家学会">皇家学会</a>颁发的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E7%8D%8E%E7%AB%A0" title="科普利獎章">科普利奖章</a>所承认。欧姆也在1842年成为皇家学会的一名外籍院士，1845年成为<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%90%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="巴伐利亚科学与人文学院">巴伐利亚科学与人文学院</a>院士。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="著作"><span id=".E8.91.97.E4.BD.9C"></span>著作</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E6%AC%A7%E5%A7%86&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：著作"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>欧姆的著作数目众多，其中最重要的是1827年发表的《Die galvanische Kette, mathematisch bearbeitet》（直流电路的数学研究），这部著作极大地影响了电流理论和应用的发展，在这本书中首次提出的电学定律也因此被命名为“欧姆定律”，而电阻器中电流与电压的正比关系即电阻的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D%E5%88%B6" title="国际单位制">国际单位制</a>也采用为“欧姆”。 </p><p>欧姆重要的著作中包括： </p> <ul><li>《Grundlinien zu einer zweckmäßigen Behandlung der Geometrie als höheren Bildungsmittels》（几何学指导的高等教育备课材料），埃尔朗根，1817年，<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070620013250/http://www.mb.fh-nuernberg.de/bib/textarchiv/Ohm.Grundlinien.pdf">（PDF, 11.2 MB）</a></li></ul> <ul><li>《Die galvanische Kette : mathematisch bearbeitet》（直流电路的数学研究），柏林，1827年，<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060619102047/http://www.mb.fh-nuernberg.de/bib/textarchiv/Ohm.Die_galvanische_Kette.pdf">（PDF, 4.7 MB）</a></li></ul> <ul><li>《Elemente der analytischen Geometrie im Raume am schiefwinkligen Coordinatensysteme》（倾斜坐标系空间中的分析几何学元素），纽伦堡，1849年，<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070620012830/http://www.mb.fh-nuernberg.de/bib/textarchiv/Ohm.Molecular-Physik_1.pdf">（PDF, 81 MB）</a></li></ul> <ul><li>《Grundzüge der Physik als Compendium zu seinen Vorlesungen》（物理学基础的课程概要），纽伦堡，1854年，<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070620012626/http://www.mb.fh-nuernberg.de/bib/textarchiv/Ohm.Grundzuege_der_Physik.pdf">(PDF, 38 MB) </a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E6%AC%A7%E5%A7%86&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"> <ul><li>Carl M. von Bauernfeind: <i>Gedächtnisrede auf Georg Simom Ohm</i>, Technische Universität, München 1882.</li> <li>Ernst G. Deuerlein: <i>Georg Simon Ohm 1789 - 1854. Leben und Wirken des großen Physikers</i>. Erweiterte 2. Auflage, Erlangen: Verlag Palm & Enke, 1954, 32 S.</li> <li>Michael Droescher: <i>Georg Simon Ohm (1789-1989)</i>, Kulturamt, Erlangen 1989.</li> <li>Peter May: <i>Georg Simon Ohm. Leben und Wirkung</i>, Stadtmuseum, Erlangen 1989.</li> <li>Dietmar Hahlweg, Walter Füchtbauer, Klaus von Klitzing: <i>200 Jahre Georg Simon Ohm. 1798 - 1989</i>. Georg-Simon-Ohm-Verein, Erlangen 1989, 30 Seiten.</li> <li>Carl M. von Bauernfeind: Ohm: Georg Simon O., ADB, Bd. 24, S.187-203</li> <li><i>Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition</i></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"></span>注释</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E6%AC%A7%E5%A7%86&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：注释"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">德语人名Ohm在现代人名翻译中译作“奥姆”，但在指该物理学家时约定俗成译作“欧姆”。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E6%AC%A7%E5%A7%86&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>中相关的多媒体资源：<b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Georg_Simon_Ohm?uselang=zh">格奥尔格·欧姆</a></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREF約翰·J·奧康納埃德蒙·F·羅伯遜" class="citation">約翰·J·奧康納; <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E8%92%99%C2%B7F%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E9%81%9C" title="埃德蒙·F·羅伯遜">埃德蒙·F·羅伯遜</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Ohm.html">Ohm</a>, <a href="/wiki/MacTutor%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88" title="MacTutor数学史档案">MacTutor数学史档案</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E6%AC%A7%E5%A7%86&rft.atitle=Ohm&rft.au=%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E8%92%99%C2%B7F%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E9%81%9C&rft.au=%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7J%C2%B7%E5%A5%A7%E5%BA%B7%E7%B4%8D&rft.btitle=-%7Bzh-hans%3AMacTutor%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%3Bzh-hant%3AMacTutor%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2%E6%AA%94%E6%A1%88%3B%7D-&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk%2FBiographies%2FOhm.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="科普利獎章">科普利奖章</a>获得者</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1800年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1801年：<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿斯特利·库柏" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Astley Cooper"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E5%BA%93%E6%9F%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿斯特利·库柏（页面不存在）">阿斯特利·库柏</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astley_Cooper" class="extiw" title="en:Astley Cooper"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Astley Cooper</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li>1802年：<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="威廉·海德·沃勒斯顿" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="William Hyde Wollaston"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%B5%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E9%A1%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威廉·海德·沃勒斯顿（页面不存在）">威廉·海德·沃勒斯顿</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Hyde_Wollaston" class="extiw" title="en:William Hyde Wollaston"><span lang="en" dir="auto">William Hyde Wollaston</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li>1803年：<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="理查德·切尼維克斯 (化學家)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Richard Chenevix (chemist)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%88%87%E5%B0%BC%E7%B6%AD%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="理查德·切尼維克斯 (化學家)（页面不存在）">理查德·切尼維克斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Chenevix_(chemist)" class="extiw" title="en:Richard Chenevix (chemist)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Richard Chenevix (chemist)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li>1804年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E5%AF%86%E6%A3%AE%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E5%8D%97%E7%89%B9" title="史密森·特南特">史密森·特南特</a></li> <li>1805年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4" title="汉弗里·戴维">汉弗里·戴维</a></li> <li>1806年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E9%B2%81%C2%B7%E5%A5%88%E7%89%B9" title="托马斯·安德鲁·奈特">托马斯·安德鲁·奈特</a></li> <li>1807年：<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="埃弗拉德·霍姆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Everard Home"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%A7%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="埃弗拉德·霍姆（页面不存在）">埃弗拉德·霍姆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everard_Home" class="extiw" title="en:Everard Home"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Everard Home</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li>1808年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9" title="威廉·亨利">威廉·亨利</a></li> <li>1809年：<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="愛德華·特勞頓" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Edward Troughton"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%9B%E5%BE%B7%E8%8F%AF%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%9E%E9%A0%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="愛德華·特勞頓（页面不存在）">愛德華·特勞頓</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Troughton" class="extiw" title="en:Edward Troughton"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Edward Troughton</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li>1810年：未頒發</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1810年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1811年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E6%9D%B0%E6%98%8E%C2%B7%E6%9F%AF%E6%9E%97%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%BF%AA" title="本杰明·柯林斯·布罗迪">本杰明·柯林斯·布罗迪</a></li> <li>1812年：<i>未頒發</i></li> <li>1813年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B7" title="威廉·托马斯·布兰德">威廉·托马斯·布兰德</a></li> <li>1814年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E6%B2%83%E9%87%8C" title="詹姆斯·艾沃里">詹姆斯·艾沃里</a></li> <li>1815年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%AB%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E5%84%92%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="大卫·布儒斯特">大卫·布儒斯特</a></li> <li>1816年：<i>未頒發</i></li> <li>1817年：<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亨利·凯特" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Henry Kater"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E5%87%AF%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亨利·凯特（页面不存在）">亨利·凯特</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Kater" class="extiw" title="en:Henry Kater"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Henry Kater</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li>1818年：<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="罗伯特·塞平斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Robert Seppings"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E5%B9%B3%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="罗伯特·塞平斯（页面不存在）">罗伯特·塞平斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Seppings" class="extiw" title="en:Robert Seppings"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Robert Seppings</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li>1819年：<i>未頒發</i></li> <li>1820年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="汉斯·克里斯蒂安·奥斯特">漢斯·奧斯特</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1820年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1821年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%C2%B7%E8%B5%9B%E5%AE%BE" title="爱德华·赛宾">爱德华·赛宾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E6%AD%87%E7%88%BE" title="約翰·赫歇爾">约翰·赫歇尔</a></li> <li>1822年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD" title="威廉·布克蘭">威廉·布克蘭</a></li> <li>1823年：<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="约翰·庞德 (1767年)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="John Pond"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%BA%9E%E5%BE%B7_(1767%E5%B9%B4)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="约翰·庞德 (1767年)（页面不存在）">约翰·庞德</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Pond" class="extiw" title="en:John Pond"><span lang="en" dir="auto">John Pond</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li>1824年：<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="约翰·布林克利" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="John Brinkley (astronomer)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%9E%97%E5%85%8B%E5%88%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="约翰·布林克利（页面不存在）">约翰·布林克利</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Brinkley_(astronomer)" class="extiw" title="en:John Brinkley (astronomer)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">John Brinkley (astronomer)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li>1825年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E7%B4%A2%E7%93%A6%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%88%88" title="弗朗索瓦·阿拉戈">弗朗索瓦·阿拉戈</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="彼得·巴洛" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Peter Barlow (mathematician)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E6%B4%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="彼得·巴洛（页面不存在）">彼得·巴洛</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Barlow_(mathematician)" class="extiw" title="en:Peter Barlow (mathematician)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Peter Barlow (mathematician)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li>1826年：<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="詹姆斯·索思" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="James South"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%B4%A2%E6%80%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="詹姆斯·索思（页面不存在）">詹姆斯·索思</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_South" class="extiw" title="en:James South"><span lang="en" dir="auto">James South</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li>1827年：<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="威廉·普罗特" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="William Prout"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E7%BD%97%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威廉·普罗特（页面不存在）">威廉·普罗特</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Prout" class="extiw" title="en:William Prout"><span lang="en" dir="auto">William Prout</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亨利·福斯特" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Henry Foster"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E7%A6%8F%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亨利·福斯特（页面不存在）">亨利·福斯特</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Foster" class="extiw" title="en:Henry Foster"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Henry Foster</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li>1828年：<i>未頒發</i></li> <li>1829年：<i>未頒發</i></li> <li>1830年：<i>未頒發</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1830年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1831年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E6%AF%94%E5%BE%B7%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E9%87%8C" title="喬治·比德爾·艾里">乔治·比德尔·艾里</a></li> <li>1832年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%8F%AF%C2%B7%E6%B3%95%E6%8B%89%E7%AC%AC" title="麥可·法拉第">麥可·法拉第</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A2%85%E7%BF%81%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E6%B3%8A%E6%9D%BE" title="西梅翁·德尼·泊松">西莫恩·帕松</a></li> <li>1833年：<i>未頒發</i></li> <li>1834年：<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乔凡尼·安东尼奥·阿梅德·普拉纳" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Giovanni Antonio Amedeo Plana"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%94%E5%87%A1%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%A2%85%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E7%BA%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="乔凡尼·安东尼奥·阿梅德·普拉纳（页面不存在）">乔凡尼·安东尼奥·阿梅德·普拉纳</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Antonio_Amedeo_Plana" class="extiw" title="en:Giovanni Antonio Amedeo Plana"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Giovanni Antonio Amedeo Plana</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li>1835年：<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="威廉·斯诺·哈里斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="William Snow Harris"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%BA%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威廉·斯诺·哈里斯（页面不存在）">威廉·斯诺·哈里斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Snow_Harris" class="extiw" title="en:William Snow Harris"><span lang="en" dir="auto">William Snow Harris</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li>1836年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E9%87%87%E5%88%A9%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF" title="永斯·贝采利乌斯">永斯·贝采利乌斯</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="弗朗西斯·基尔南" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Francis Kiernan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%9F%BA%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗朗西斯·基尔南（页面不存在）">弗朗西斯·基尔南</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Kiernan" class="extiw" title="en:Francis Kiernan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Francis Kiernan</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li>1837年：<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="安托万·塞萨尔·贝克勒尔" data-lang-code="fr" data-lang-name="法语" data-foreign-title="Antoine Becquerel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E6%89%98%E4%B8%87%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E5%85%8B%E5%8B%92%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安托万·塞萨尔·贝克勒尔（页面不存在）">安托万·塞萨尔·贝克勒尔</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">法语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Becquerel" class="extiw" title="fr:Antoine Becquerel"><span lang="fr" dir="auto">Antoine Becquerel</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94" title="约翰·弗雷德里克·丹尼尔">约翰·弗雷德里克·丹尼尔</a></li> <li>1838年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E9%AB%98%E6%96%AF" title="卡爾·弗里德里希·高斯">卡尔·弗里德里希·高斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%8F%AF%C2%B7%E6%B3%95%E6%8B%89%E7%AC%AC" title="麥可·法拉第">迈克尔·法拉第</a></li> <li>1839年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%9C%97" title="罗伯特·布朗">罗伯特·布朗</a></li> <li>1840年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E6%96%AF%E5%9B%BE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E6%9D%8E%E6%AF%94%E5%B8%8C" title="尤斯图斯·冯·李比希">尤斯图斯·冯·李比希</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%A4%8F%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E7%B4%A2%E7%93%A6%C2%B7%E6%96%BD%E5%9B%BE%E5%A7%86" title="雅克·夏尔·弗朗索瓦·施图姆">雅克·夏尔·弗朗索瓦·施图姆</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1840年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1841年：<a class="mw-selflink selflink">格奧爾格·歐姆</a></li> <li>1842年：<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="詹姆斯·麦古拉" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="James MacCullagh"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="詹姆斯·麦古拉（页面不存在）">詹姆斯·麦古拉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_MacCullagh" class="extiw" title="en:James MacCullagh"><span lang="en" dir="auto">James MacCullagh</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li>1843年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%93-%E5%B7%B4%E8%92%82%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%E9%A6%AC" title="讓-巴蒂斯特·杜馬">让-巴蒂斯特·杜马</a></li> <li>1844年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%B4%9B%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E6%B3%B0%E4%B9%8C%E5%A5%87" title="卡洛·马泰乌奇">卡洛·马泰乌奇</a></li> <li>1845年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%A5%A5%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%96%BD%E4%B8%87" title="特奥多尔·施万">泰奥多尔·施万</a></li> <li>1846年：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8E%E5%B0%94%E7%8F%AD%C2%B7%E5%8B%92%E5%A8%81%E8%80%B6" title="于尔班·勒威耶">奥本·勒维耶</a></li> <li>1847年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E6%AD%87%E7%88%BE" title="約翰·赫歇爾">约翰·赫歇尔</a></li> <li>1848年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%9F%AF%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%BD%93%E6%96%AF" title="约翰·柯西·亚当斯">约翰·柯西·亚当斯</a></li> <li>1849年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E5%A5%87%E7%94%9F" title="罗德里克·麦奇生">罗德里克·麦奇生</a></li> <li>1850年：<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="彼得·安德烈亚斯·汉森" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Peter Andreas Hansen"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%83%88%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%B1%89%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="彼得·安德烈亚斯·汉森（页面不存在）">彼得·安德烈亚斯·汉森</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Andreas_Hansen" class="extiw" title="en:Peter Andreas Hansen"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Peter Andreas Hansen</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:1731%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B31750%E5%B9%B4%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%96%E7%AB%A0%E8%8E%B7%E5%BE%97%E8%80%85" title="Template:1731年至1750年科普利奖章获得者">1731–1750</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1751%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B31800%E5%B9%B4%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%96%E7%AB%A0%E8%8E%B7%E5%BE%97%E8%80%85" title="Template:1751年至1800年科普利奖章获得者">1751–1800</a></li> <li>1801–1850</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1851%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B31900%E5%B9%B4%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%96%E7%AB%A0%E8%8E%B7%E5%BE%97%E8%80%85" title="Template:1851年至1900年科普利奖章获得者">1851–1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1901%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B31950%E5%B9%B4%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%96%E7%AB%A0%E8%8E%B7%E5%A5%96%E8%80%85" title="Template:1901年至1950年科普利奖章获奖者">1901–1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1951%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B32000%E5%B9%B4%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%96%E7%AB%A0%E8%8E%B7%E5%BE%97%E8%80%85" title="Template:1951年至2000年科普利奖章获得者">1951–2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:2001%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B32050%E5%B9%B4%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%96%E7%AB%A0%E8%8E%B7%E5%BE%97%E8%80%85" title="Template:2001年至2050年科普利奖章获得者">2001年至今</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1585#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse 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href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxxj84r6G6rXD4MhTwwG3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12403907r">法国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12403907r">BnF data</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118736116">德国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Ohm, Georg Simon <1789-1854>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RMSV012424">意大利</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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