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data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">電導率</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。50种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geleidingsvermo%C3%AB" title="Geleidingsvermoë – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Geleidingsvermoë" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1)" title="موصلية (كهرباء) – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="موصلية (كهرباء)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductivid%C3%A1_ll%C3%A9trica" title="Conductividá llétrica – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Conductividá llétrica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Специфична електропроводимост – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Специфична електропроводимост" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specifi%C4%8Dna_elektri%C4%8Dna_provodljivost" title="Specifična električna provodljivost – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Specifična električna provodljivost" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductivitat_el%C3%A8ctrica" title="Conductivitat elèctrica – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Conductivitat elèctrica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konduktivita" title="Konduktivita – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Konduktivita" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specifik_ledningsevne" title="Specifik ledningsevne – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Specifik ledningsevne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrische_Leitf%C3%A4higkeit" title="Elektrische Leitfähigkeit – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Elektrische Leitfähigkeit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conductivity" title="Electrical conductivity – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Electrical conductivity" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektra_konduktivo" title="Elektra konduktivo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Elektra konduktivo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductividad_el%C3%A9ctrica" title="Conductividad eléctrica – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Conductividad eléctrica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrijuhtivus" title="Elektrijuhtivus – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Elektrijuhtivus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eroankortasun_elektriko" title="Eroankortasun elektriko – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eroankortasun elektriko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konduktiivisuus" title="Konduktiivisuus – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Konduktiivisuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductivit%C3%A9_%C3%A9lectrique" title="Conductivité électrique – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Conductivité électrique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condutividade_el%C3%A9ctrica" title="Condutividade eléctrica – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Condutividade eléctrica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA" title="מקדם מוליכות חשמלית – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מקדם מוליכות חשמלית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="विद्युत चालकता – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विद्युत चालकता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondiktibilite" title="Kondiktibilite – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kondiktibilite" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Էլեկտրահաղորդականություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էլեկտրահաղորդականություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konduktivitas_listrik" title="Konduktivitas listrik – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Konduktivitas listrik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conduttivit%C3%A0_elettrica" title="Conduttività elettrica – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Conduttività elettrica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%B0%97%E4%BC%9D%E5%B0%8E%E7%8E%87" title="電気伝導率 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="電気伝導率" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%97%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="კუთრი ელექტროგამტარობა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კუთრი ელექტროგამტარობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%A0%84%EC%9C%A8" title="도전율 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="도전율" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrinis_laidumas" title="Elektrinis laidumas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Elektrinis laidumas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Електрична спроводливост – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Електрична спроводливост" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekonduksian_elektrik" title="Kekonduksian elektrik – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kekonduksian elektrik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisch_Leddweert" title="Elektrisch Leddweert – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Elektrisch Leddweert" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="विद्युत चालकता – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="विद्युत चालकता" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soortelijke_geleidbaarheid" title="Soortelijke geleidbaarheid – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Soortelijke geleidbaarheid" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_konduktivitet" title="Elektrisk konduktivitet – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Elektrisk konduktivitet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_motstand_og_konduktivitet" title="Elektrisk motstand og konduktivitet – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Elektrisk motstand og konduktivitet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konduktywno%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Konduktywność – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Konduktywność" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condutivit%C3%A0_el%C3%A9trica" title="Condutività elétrica – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Condutività elétrica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AA_%D8%AA%DB%92_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="برقی مزاحمت تے موصلیت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="برقی مزاحمت تے موصلیت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condutividade_el%C3%A9trica" title="Condutividade elétrica – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Condutividade elétrica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductivitate_electric%C4%83" title="Conductivitate electrică – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Conductivitate electrică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conductivity" title="Electrical conductivity – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Electrical conductivity" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mern%C3%A1_vodivos%C5%A5" title="Merná vodivosť – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Merná vodivosť" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_prevodnost" title="Električna prevodnost – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Električna prevodnost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%99%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Електрична проводљивост – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Електрична проводљивост" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_konduktivitet" title="Elektrisk konduktivitet – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Elektrisk konduktivitet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Питома провідність – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Питома провідність" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="برقی موصلیت – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="برقی موصلیت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E1%BA%ABn_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n" title="Dẫn điện – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dẫn điện" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wommatiinu_mb%C3%ABj" title="Wommatiinu mbëj – 沃洛夫语" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Wommatiinu mbëj" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="沃洛夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%B0%8E%E7%8E%87" title="電導率 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="電導率" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%B0%8E%E7%8E%87" title="電導率 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="電導率" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4593291#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>此条目页的主題是电导率。关于一個物體或線路，從某一點到另外一點，與物體的電導率和幾何參數有關的傳輸電流能力強弱的一種測量值，請見「<b><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AF%BC" title="电导">电导</a></b>」。</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Resistivity_geometry.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Resistivity_geometry.png/200px-Resistivity_geometry.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Resistivity_geometry.png/300px-Resistivity_geometry.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Resistivity_geometry.png/400px-Resistivity_geometry.png 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="424" /></a><figcaption>電阻物質的兩端接有導線。</figcaption></figure> <p><b>电导率</b>（electrical conductivity）或<b>比电导</b>（specific conductance），又译电传导性、電導係數，是表示物质传输<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E6%B5%81" title="电流">电流</a>能力强弱的一种測量值。當施加<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%A3%93" title="電壓">電壓</a>於<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8E%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="導體">導體</a>的兩端時，其<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%8D%B7%E8%BC%89%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="電荷載子">電荷載子</a>會呈現朝某方向流動的行為，因而形成電流。電導率 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sigma \,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>σ</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sigma \,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b645815a7c06785b9cc44600737d59624e4c75f7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:1.717ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sigma \,\!}"></span> 是以<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E5%A7%86%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="歐姆定律">歐姆定律</a>定義為<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E6%B5%81%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="电流密度">電流密度</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {J} \,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">J</mi> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {J} \,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/171a3da4b70b33db97722a689fa121eb83d7f079" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:1.768ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {J} \,\!}"></span> 和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%A0%B4" title="電場">電場</a>強度 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} \,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} \,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/155fe529b7afbd9f951fcebbfeb220be27bdad0f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:2.144ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} \,\!}"></span> 的比率： </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {J} =\sigma \mathbf {E} \,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">J</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>σ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {J} =\sigma \mathbf {E} \,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/11f751d2022c2051d91b24034917e43030e0403b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:7.953ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {J} =\sigma \mathbf {E} \,\!}"></span> 。</dd></dl> <p>有些物質會有<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E5%90%91%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="異向性">異向性</a> (<span lang="en">anisotropic</span>) 的電導率，必需用 3 X 3 <a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A9%E9%99%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="矩陣">矩陣</a>來表達（使用數學術語，第二階<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E9%87%8F" title="張量">張量</a>，通常是<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E7%A8%B1%E7%9F%A9%E9%99%A3" title="對稱矩陣">對稱的</a>）。 </p><p>電導率是<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E9%98%BB%E7%8E%87" title="电阻率">电阻率</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho \,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ρ</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho \,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1a3ca1ad13fc349edd9cd45822bd059aa9a5d03c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:1.589ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho \,\!}"></span> 的<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%92%E6%95%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="倒數">倒數</a>。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="國際單位制">國際單位制</a>中的單位是<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%97%A8%E5%AD%90_(%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D)" class="mw-redirect" title="西门子 (单位)">西門子</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%B0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="公尺">公尺</a> (S·m<sup>-1</sup>)： </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sigma ={1 \over \rho }\,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>σ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>ρ</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sigma ={1 \over \rho }\,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d926f0b8fec4f6c75f6754945a898f5700728a37" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:6.853ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sigma ={1 \over \rho }\,\!}"></span> 。</dd></dl> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E5%B0%8E%E7%8E%87%E5%84%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="電導率儀（页面不存在）">電導率儀</a> (<span lang="en">electrical conductivity meter</span>) 是一種是用來測量溶液電導率的儀器。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="电传导性"><span id=".E7.94.B5.E4.BC.A0.E5.AF.BC.E6.80.A7"></span>电传导性</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E5%B0%8E%E7%8E%87&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：电传导性"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>电传导性</b> (electric conductivity) 是物质可以传导<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90" title="电子">电子</a>的性质。按物质是否具有电传导性，可把物质分为<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%BC%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="导体">导体</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%AF%BC%E4%BD%93" title="半导体">半导体</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9D%E7%BC%98%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="绝缘体">绝缘体</a>。 </p> <ul><li>導體：<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="金屬">金屬</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%A3%E8%B4%A8" title="电解质">电解质</a>溶液，一般有很高的電導率，很低的電阻率。</li> <li>絕緣體：像<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E7%92%83" title="玻璃">玻璃</a>、干燥的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%90" title="木材">木材</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%91%E6%96%99" title="塑料">塑料</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%A1%E8%83%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="橡胶">橡胶</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E7%A9%BA" title="真空">真空</a>這類物質的電導率很低，電阻率很高。</li> <li>半導體：電導率在導體和絕緣體之間。在不同的狀況下，電導率會有很大的變化。例如，暴露於電場或某種頻率的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E6%B3%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="光波">光波</a>，最重要地，溫度和半導體材料的成份。</li></ul> <p>固態半導體的摻雜程度會造成電導率很大的變化。增加摻雜程度會造成高電導率。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水">水</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E6%B6%B2" title="溶液">溶液</a>的電導率高低跟其內含<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E8%B4%A8" title="溶质">溶質</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%90_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="盐 (化学)">鹽</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%83%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="濃度">濃度</a>有關，或其它會分解為<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%A7%A3%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="電解質">電解質</a>的化學雜質。水樣本的電導率是測量水的含鹽成分、含離子成分、含雜質成分等等的重要指標。水越純淨，電導率越低（電阻率越高）。水的電導率時常以<b>電導係數</b>來紀錄；電導係數是水在 25°C 溫度的電導率。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="一些物質的電導率"><span id=".E4.B8.80.E4.BA.9B.E7.89.A9.E8.B3.AA.E7.9A.84.E9.9B.BB.E5.B0.8E.E7.8E.87"></span>一些物質的電導率</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E5%B0%8E%E7%8E%87&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：一些物質的電導率"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E8%B4%A8%E7%94%B5%E9%98%BB%E7%8E%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="单质电阻率列表">单质电阻率列表</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#efefef"> <td width="10%">物質 </td> <th>電導率　 <p>(S·m<sup>-1</sup>) </p> </th> <th width="70">溫度 <p>(°C) </p> </th> <th>註記 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀">銀</a> </td> <td>63.01 × 10<sup>6</sup> </td> <th width="70">20 </th> <td>所有金屬中電導率（以及<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B0%8E%E7%8E%87" title="熱導率">熱導率</a>）最高的物質 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%85" class="mw-redirect" title="銅">銅</a> </td> <td>59.6 × 10<sup>6</sup> </td> <th width="70">20 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%80%E7%81%AB" title="退火">退火</a> <a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%85" class="mw-redirect" title="銅">銅</a> </td> <td>58.0 × 10<sup>6</sup> </td> <th width="70">20 </th> <td>一般是指 100% IACS 或 100% 國際退火銅標準 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金">金</a> </td> <td>45.2 × 10<sup>6</sup> </td> <th width="70">20 </th> <td>時常用為<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%B7%AF%E6%9D%BF" class="mw-disambig" title="電路板">電路板</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%85%83%E4%BB%B6" title="電子元件">電子元件</a>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E9%80%A3%E6%8E%A5%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="電連接器（页面不存在）">電連接器</a> (<span lang="en">electrical connector</span>) 材料 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%81" class="mw-redirect" title="鋁">鋁</a> </td> <td>37.8 × 10<sup>6</sup> </td> <th width="70">20 </th> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B0%B4" title="海水">海水</a> </td> <td>4.788 </td> <th width="70">20 </th> <td>在平均鹽度為 4.8(S·m<sup>-1</sup>) ，溫度為 20(°C) 狀況的平均電導率。詳細資料請參閱<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%AE%A4" title="英国国家物理实验室">英國國家物理實驗室</a>的 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/general_physics/2_7/2_7_9。html">國家標準資料</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2018年6月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%B2%E7%94%A8%E6%B0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="飲用水">飲用水</a> </td> <td>0.0005 至 0.05 </td> <td> </td> <td>這是一般高品質飲用水的電導率值域，並不是水品質指標 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%BB%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E6%B0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="去离子水">去離子水</a> </td> <td>5.5 × 10<sup>-6</sup><sup id="cite_ref-JPhysChemB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPhysChemB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td>假若水內不含氣體，則改變數值為 1.2 × 10<sup>-4</sup><sup id="cite_ref-JPhysChemB_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPhysChemB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="複電導率"><span id=".E8.A4.87.E9.9B.BB.E5.B0.8E.E7.8E.87"></span>複電導率</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E5%B0%8E%E7%8E%87&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：複電導率"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>假若物質處於隨時間而變的電場，則電導率為複數（對於各向異性物質，電導率為複矩陣），稱為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8E%E7%B4%8D%E7%8E%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="導納率（页面不存在）">導納率</a> (<span lang="en">admittivity</span>) 。這方法可以應用於<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E9%98%BB%E6%8A%97%E6%96%B7%E5%B1%A4%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="電阻抗斷層成像（页面不存在）">電阻抗斷層成像</a> (<span lang="en">electrical impedance tomography</span>) ，一種工業或<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="医学成像">醫學成像</a>。 </p><p>另外一種計算<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E6%B5%81" class="mw-disambig" title="交流">交流</a>的方法使用實值的電導率（跟時間有關）和實值的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E7%8E%87" title="电容率">電容率</a>。電導率越大，物質會越快吸收交流訊號，物質越<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%8F%E6%98%8E" title="透明">不透明</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="電導率與溫度的關係"><span id=".E9.9B.BB.E5.B0.8E.E7.8E.87.E8.88.87.E6.BA.AB.E5.BA.A6.E7.9A.84.E9.97.9C.E4.BF.82"></span>電導率與溫度的關係</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E5%B0%8E%E7%8E%87&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：電導率與溫度的關係"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>電導率與溫度紧密相關。金屬的電導率隨著溫度的增高而降低。半導體的電導率隨著溫度的增高而增高。在一段溫度值域內，電導率可以被近似為與溫度成<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E6%AF%94" class="mw-redirect" title="正比">正比</a>。為了要比較物質在不同溫度狀況的電導率，必須設定一個共同的參考溫度。電導率與溫度的相關性，時常可以表達為，電導率對上溫度線圖的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%9C%E7%8E%87" title="斜率">斜率</a>，用方程式寫為 </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sigma (T)={\sigma _{0} \over 1+\alpha (T-T_{0})}\,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>σ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>σ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sigma (T)={\sigma _{0} \over 1+\alpha (T-T_{0})}\,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a8ae6f2dd8636a33bf070aaae3384843521b92fd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:23.285ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sigma (T)={\sigma _{0} \over 1+\alpha (T-T_{0})}\,\!}"></span>；</dd></dl> <p>其中，<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{0}\,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{0}\,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4cf0ff68f0fc15ad73198c108c1c2b76bf072344" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:2.799ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{0}\,\!}"></span> 是參考溫度，<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T\,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T\,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8e6be5af8259cedf1aac5ae3f6a5fad65ec2ef87" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:2.023ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T\,\!}"></span> 是測量溫度， <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sigma \,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>σ</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sigma \,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b645815a7c06785b9cc44600737d59624e4c75f7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:1.717ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sigma \,\!}"></span> 是物質的電導率，<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sigma _{0}\,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>σ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sigma _{0}\,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/96d06912436cbbd9b500e02ea643f5be8e830894" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:2.769ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sigma _{0}\,\!}"></span> 是物質在參考溫度的固定參考電導率（通常在室溫），<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha \,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>α</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha \,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7e383db6745c5569c37ab2290d41e06a27510337" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:1.875ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha \,\!}"></span> 是物質的<b>溫度補償斜率</b>。 </p><p>最常見的水的溫度補償斜率大約為 2 %/°C 。但是，它可以在 (1 to 3) %/°C 值域之間。這數值與<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="地球化学">地球化學</a>有關，可以很容易地在實驗室裡測量出來。 </p><p>在非常低溫的狀況（在<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%95%E5%B0%8D%E9%9B%B6%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="絕對零度">絕對零度</a>附近），有些物質的電導率會變得非常高。稱這現象為<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%B0%8E%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="超導現象">超導現象</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E5%B0%8E%E7%8E%87&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-JPhysChemB-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JPhysChemB_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPhysChemB_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">參閱 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fjp045975a">J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 1231-1238</a> 特別是第 1235 頁。請注意，這資料的數值單位是 S/cm，不是 S/m，兩者相差 100 倍。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參閱"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E9.96.B1"></span>參閱</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E5%B0%8E%E7%8E%87&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：參閱"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%BC%E7%94%B5%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="导电性">導電性</a>：講述電導率的物理本質。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E9%98%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="電阻">電阻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B0%8E%E7%8E%87" title="熱導率">熱導率</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%93%E5%85%B8%E8%88%87%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E9%9B%BB%E5%B0%8E%E7%8E%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="經典與量子電導率（页面不存在）">經典與量子電導率</a> (<span lang="en">classical and quantum conductivity</span>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%AB%E8%80%B3%E9%9B%BB%E5%B0%8E%E7%8E%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莫耳電導率（页面不存在）">莫耳電導率</a> (<span lang="en">molar conductivity</span>) 講述在溶液裡因離子產生的電導率。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E7%8E%B0%E8%B1%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="传输现象">傳輸現象</a> (<span lang="en">transport phenomena</span>)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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