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#36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/%C3%8A" title="Special:EditPage/Ê">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%C3%8A%22">"Ê"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22%C3%8A%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22%C3%8A%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22%C3%8A%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22%C3%8A%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22%C3%8A%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p><b>Ê</b>, <b>ê</b> (<a href="/wiki/E" title="E">e</a>-<a href="/wiki/Circumflex" title="Circumflex">circumflex</a>) is a letter of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a>, found in <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friulian_language" title="Friulian language">Friulian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_(Nynorsk)" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian (Nynorsk)">Norwegian (Nynorsk)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>. It is used to transliterate <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a> and presents an <a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back unrounded vowel">open mid-back unrounded pharynhotic vowel</a>. </p><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:lightblue; color:black;;">E with circumflex</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span style="font-size: 4em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal;">Ê ê</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Latin_letter_E_with_circumflex.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Latin_letter_E_with_circumflex.svg/220px-Latin_letter_E_with_circumflex.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Latin_letter_E_with_circumflex.svg/330px-Latin_letter_E_with_circumflex.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Latin_letter_E_with_circumflex.svg/440px-Latin_letter_E_with_circumflex.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300"></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%8A_colored.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Braille_%C3%8A_colored.svg/220px-Braille_%C3%8A_colored.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Braille_%C3%8A_colored.svg/330px-Braille_%C3%8A_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Braille_%C3%8A_colored.svg/440px-Braille_%C3%8A_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightblue; color:black; font-variant/style: ;">Usage</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Writing system</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">alphabetic</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sound values</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1190286162">.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-2em ul,.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-3em ul{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-2em li,.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-3em li{display:inline-block;text-align:center;padding:0 0.25em}.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-2em li{min-width:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-3em li{min-width:2.5em}.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-abcd ul{border:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-abcd li{display:inline-block;text-align:center;min-width:1.57em;padding:0}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist template-grid-list-3em"><ul><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛː</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">ɛ̂</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">æː</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">eː</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_fricative" title="Voiced uvular fricative">ʁ</a></span>]</li><li>[je]</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">In <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>U+00CA, U+00EA</code></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightblue; color:black; font-variant/style: ;">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Development</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="font-size: 1.25em;"><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_A28.png?bbed7" height="38" title="A28" alt="A28"></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><ul style="margin-left:0.45em;"><li><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proto-semiticE-01.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Heh"><img alt="Heh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Proto-semiticE-01.svg/20px-Proto-semiticE-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Proto-semiticE-01.svg/30px-Proto-semiticE-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Proto-semiticE-01.svg/40px-Proto-semiticE-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></a></span><ul style="margin-left:0.45em;"><li><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Protohe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="He"><img alt="He" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Protohe.svg/20px-Protohe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Protohe.svg/30px-Protohe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Protohe.svg/40px-Protohe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="625"></a></span><ul style="margin-left:0.45em;"><li><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PhoenicianE-01.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Phoenician He"><img alt="Phoenician He" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/PhoenicianE-01.svg/20px-PhoenicianE-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/PhoenicianE-01.svg/30px-PhoenicianE-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/PhoenicianE-01.svg/40px-PhoenicianE-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400"></a></span><ul style="margin-left:0.45em;"><li><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenician_he.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="He"><img alt="He" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Phoenician_he.svg/20px-Phoenician_he.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Phoenician_he.svg/30px-Phoenician_he.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Phoenician_he.svg/40px-Phoenician_he.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="85" data-file-height="85"></a></span><ul style="margin-left:0.45em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Epsilon" title="Epsilon">Ε ε ϵ</a><ul style="margin-left:0.45em;"><li><a href="/wiki/%F0%90%8C%84" class="mw-redirect" title="𐌄">𐌄</a><ul style="margin-left:0.45em;"><li><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">E e</a><ul style="margin-left:0.45em;"><li><b>Ê ê</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Transliterations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Ye" title="Ukrainian Ye">Єє</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ayin" title="Ayin">ﻉ</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background:#ddf; padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;">This article contains <b><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcriptions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA)</b>. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ /</span> and ⟨<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> </span>⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table><div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Usage_in_various_languages"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Usage in various languages</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Afrikaans"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Chinese"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Chinese</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#French"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">French</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Friulian"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Friulian</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Khmer"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Khmer</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Kurdish"><span class="tocnumber">1.6</span> <span class="toctext">Kurdish</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Norwegian_Nynorsk"><span class="tocnumber">1.7</span> <span class="toctext">Norwegian Nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Persian"><span class="tocnumber">1.8</span> <span class="toctext">Persian</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Portuguese"><span class="tocnumber">1.9</span> <span class="toctext">Portuguese</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Tibetan"><span class="tocnumber">1.10</span> <span class="toctext">Tibetan</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Ukrainian"><span class="tocnumber">1.11</span> <span class="toctext">Ukrainian</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Vietnamese"><span class="tocnumber">1.12</span> <span class="toctext">Vietnamese</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Welsh"><span class="tocnumber">1.13</span> <span class="toctext">Welsh</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Other"><span class="tocnumber">1.14</span> <span class="toctext">Other</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Character_mappings"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Character mappings</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Usage_in_various_languages">Usage in various languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8A&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Usage in various languages" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8A&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Afrikaans" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Ê is not considered a separate letter in <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> but a variation of "E". The circumflex changes the pronunciation of "e" to be <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɛː/</span> (or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/æː/</span> if the succeeding consonant is either a dorsal or a liquid) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chinese">Chinese</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8A&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Chinese" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a> romanization of <a href="/wiki/Standard_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Mandarin">Standard Mandarin</a> Chinese, <i>ê</i> represents <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɛ/</span>. It corresponds to <a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Zhuyin</a> ㄝ. The circumflex occurs only if <i>ê</i> is the only vowel in a syllable: <i>ề</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɛ̂/</span> (<span lang="zh-Hans">诶</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">誒</span>; "eh!"). Without the circumflex, <i>e</i> as the only vowel represents <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɤ/</span>: <i>è</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɤ̂/</span> (<span lang="zh-Hans">饿</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">餓</span>; "hungry"). Elsewhere, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɛ/</span> is written as <i>a</i> (after <i>i</i> or <i>ü</i> before <i>n</i>) or <i>e</i> (before or after another vowel), with the appropriate tone mark,: <i>xiān</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɕi̯ɛ́n/</span> (<span lang="zh">先</span>; "first"), <i>xuǎn</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɕy̯ɛ̀n/</span> (<span lang="zh-Hans">选</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">選</span>; "to choose", noting that <i>ü</i> is written <i>u</i> after <i>x</i>), <i>xué</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɕy̯ɛ̌<span class="wrap"> </span>~<span class="wrap"> </span>ɕy̯ě/</span> (<span lang="zh-Hans">学</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">學</span>; "to learn"), <i>xièxie</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɕi̯ɛ̂.ɕi̯ɛ<span class="wrap"> </span>~<span class="wrap"> </span>ɕi̯ê.ɕi̯e/</span> (<span lang="zh-Hans">谢谢</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">謝謝</span>; "thanks"). </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">Pe̍h-ōe-jī</a>, <i>ê</i> is the fifth tone of <i>e</i>: <i>ê</i> (<span lang="zh">的</span>; possessive, adjectival suffix). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French">French</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8A&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: French" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Diacritics are not considered to be distinct letters of the <a href="/wiki/French_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="French alphabet">French alphabet</a>. In French, ê usually changes the pronunciation of <i>e</i> from /ə/ to /ɛ/. It is used instead of "è" for words that used to be written "es". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Friulian">Friulian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8A&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Friulian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Ê represents <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/eː/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɛː/</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Khmer">Khmer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8A&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Khmer" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Ê is used in <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Khmer#UNGEGN" title="Romanization of Khmer">UNGEGN</a> romanization system for <a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a> to represent <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ae/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛː</a>/</span>, for example <i>Khmêr</i> (<span title="Khmer-language text"><span lang="km">ខ្មែរ</span></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="km-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">[kʰmae]</a></span>) and <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A2ngr%C3%AAk_Mountains" title="Dângrêk Mountains">Dângrêk Mountains</a> (<span title="Khmer-language text"><span lang="km">ដងរែក</span></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="km-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">[ɗɑːŋrɛːk]</a></span>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kurdish">Kurdish</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8A&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Kurdish" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Ê is the 7th letter of the <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish alphabet">Kurdish Kurmanji alphabet</a> and represents /eː/. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Norwegian_Nynorsk">Norwegian Nynorsk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8A&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Norwegian Nynorsk" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In Nynorsk, <i>ê</i> is used to represent the reduction of the Old Norse sequence <span class="nowrap">⟨eð⟩</span>, similar to the use of <i>ê</i> for the historical sequence <span class="nowrap">⟨es⟩</span> in French. It is mostly used to differentiate words which otherwise would be spelled the same, e.g. <i>vêr</i> 'weather' and <i>ver</i>, imperative of 'to be'.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Persian">Persian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8A&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Persian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Ê is used in the <a href="/wiki/Persian_alphabet" title="Persian alphabet">Persian Latin (Rumi) alphabet</a>, equivalent to <a href="/wiki/%D8%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="ع">ع</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portuguese">Portuguese</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8A&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Portuguese" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In Portuguese, <b>ê</b> marks a stressed <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a>/</span> only in words whose stressed syllable is in an otherwise unpredictable location in the word: "pêssego" (peach). The letter, pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a>/</span>, can also contrast with é, pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a>/</span>, as in <i>pé</i> (foot). </p><p>In Brazilian Portuguese, <b>ê</b> also used on final syllable of the root word e.g. <span title="Brazilian Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt-BR">Guinê-Bissau</i></span> ("<a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a>"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tibetan">Tibetan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8A&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Tibetan" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Ê is used in <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_pinyin" title="Tibetan pinyin">Tibetan pinyin</a> to represent <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/e/</span>, for example <a href="/wiki/G%C3%AArz%C3%AA_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Gêrzê County">Gêrzê County</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ukrainian">Ukrainian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8A&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Ukrainian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Ê is used in the <a href="/wiki/ISO_9" title="ISO 9">ISO 9:1995</a> system of <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_transliteration" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian transliteration">Ukrainian transliteration</a> as the letter <a href="/wiki/%D0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="Є">Є</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vietnamese">Vietnamese</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8A&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Vietnamese" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Ê is the 9th letter of the <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_alphabet" title="Vietnamese alphabet">Vietnamese alphabet</a> and represents <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/e/</span>. In <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_phonology" title="Vietnamese phonology">Vietnamese phonology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diacritics" class="mw-redirect" title="Diacritics">diacritics</a> can be added to form five forms to represent five tones of ê: </p> <ul><li>Ề ề</li> <li>Ể ể</li> <li>Ễ ễ</li> <li>Ế ế</li> <li>Ệ ệ</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Welsh">Welsh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8A&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Welsh" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>, <i>ê</i> represents long <a href="/wiki/Stress_(linguistics)" title="Stress (linguistics)">stressed</a> <i>e</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="cy-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Welsh" title="Help:IPA/Welsh">[eː]</a></span> if the vowel would otherwise be pronounced as short <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="cy-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Welsh" title="Help:IPA/Welsh">[ɛ]</a></span>: <i>llên</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="cy-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Welsh" title="Help:IPA/Welsh">[ɬeːn]</a></span> "literature", as opposed to <i>llen</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="cy-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Welsh" title="Help:IPA/Welsh">[ɬɛn]</a></span> "curtain", or <i>gêm</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="cy-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Welsh" title="Help:IPA/Welsh">[ɡeːm]</a></span> "game", as opposed to <i>gem</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="cy-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Welsh" title="Help:IPA/Welsh">[ɡɛm]</a></span> "gem, jewel". That is useful for borrowed words with a final stress like <i>apêl</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="cy-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Welsh" title="Help:IPA/Welsh">[apˈeːl]</a></span> "appeal". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8A&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Other" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Esperantido#La_Sociolekta_Triopo" title="Esperantido">Popido</a>, a fictitious dialect of <a href="/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto">Esperanto</a> made by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Halvelik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel Halvelik (page does not exist)">Manuel Halvelik</a> for use in literature, <i>ê</i> represents <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ə/</span>. It is only used <a href="/wiki/Epenthesis" title="Epenthesis">epenthetically</a> to break consonant clusters, especially before grammatical suffixes. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Character_mappings">Character mappings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8A&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Character mappings" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Unicode encoded 5 pairs of <a href="/wiki/Precomposed_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Precomposed characters">precomposed characters</a> (Ề / ề, Ể / ể, Ễ / ễ, Ế / ế, Ệ / ệ) for the five tones of ê in Vietnamese. Two pairs of the five (Ế / ế and Ề / ề) can also be used as the second and fourth tones of ê in Pinyin. The first and third tones of ê in Pinyin have to be represented by <a href="/wiki/Combining_character" title="Combining character">combining diacritical marks</a>, like ê̄ (ê&#772;) and ê̌ (ê&#780;). </p><p><br> </p> <table class="wikitable template-charmap" style="text-align:right"> <caption>Character information </caption> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center"> <th scope="row">Preview</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">Ê</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">ê </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273787049">.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child{height:50px}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]{height:100%}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]>div{height:100%;display:flex;justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]>div>div{display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding:0 0.5em}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]>div>div>span:nth-child(2){margin:auto;padding:10px 0;font-size:150%;font-family:monospace;line-height:1}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap .smallcaps-cm{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap td:first-child{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap .template-charmap-numchr td:nth-child(n/**/+2){font-size:90%;font-family:monospace;padding:2px}</style>Unicode name </th> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Encodings</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></td> <td>202</td> <td>U+00CA</td> <td>234</td> <td>U+00EA </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a></td> <td>195 138</td> <td>C3 8A</td> <td>195 170</td> <td>C3 AA </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Numeric_character_reference" title="Numeric character reference">Numeric character reference</a></td> <td>&#202;<wbr></wbr></td> <td>&#xCA;<wbr></wbr></td> <td>&#234;<wbr></wbr></td> <td>&#xEA;<wbr></wbr> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references" title="List of XML and HTML character entity references">Named character reference</a></td> <td colspan="2">&Ecirc;</td> <td colspan="2">&ecirc; </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC">EBCDIC</a> family</td> <td>114</td> <td>72</td> <td>82</td> <td>52 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_8859" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8859">ISO 8859</a>-<a href="/wiki/ISO_8859-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8859-1">1</a>/<a href="/wiki/ISO_8859-3" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8859-3">3</a>/<a href="/wiki/ISO_8859-9" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8859-9">9</a>/<a href="/wiki/ISO_8859-14" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8859-14">14</a>/<a href="/wiki/ISO_8859-15" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8859-15">15</a>/<a href="/wiki/ISO_8859-16" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8859-16">16</a></td> <td>202</td> <td>CA</td> <td>234</td> <td>EA </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8A&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circumflex" title="Circumflex">Circumflex</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8A&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large 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.reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Danish_and_Norwegian_alphabet&oldid=1122605045">"Danish and Norwegian alphabet"</a>, <i>Wikipedia</i>, 2022-11-18<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span 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