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class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" 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[n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Processos_artificials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Processos_artificials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Processos artificials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Processos_artificials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Causes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Causes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Causes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Causes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exemples_de_zones_degradades_a_Catalunya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exemples_de_zones_degradades_a_Catalunya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Exemples de zones degradades a Catalunya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exemples_de_zones_degradades_a_Catalunya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vegeu_també" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegeu_també"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vegeu també</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegeu_també-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enllaços_externs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enllaços_externs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Enllaços externs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enllaços_externs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Zona degradada</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 20 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A9" title="انحلال التربة - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="انحلال التربة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torpa%C4%9F%C4%B1n_deqradasiyas%C4%B1" title="Torpağın deqradasiyası - azerbaidjanès" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Torpağın deqradasiyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%AF" title="जमीन क्षय - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जमीन क्षय" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodendegradation" title="Bodendegradation - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bodendegradation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_degradation" title="Land degradation - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Land degradation" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degradaci%C3%B3n_de_la_tierra" title="Degradación de la tierra - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Degradación de la tierra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_degradatu" title="Zona degradatu - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zona degradatu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="دگرگونی سرزمین - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دگرگونی سرزمین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degradasi_lahan" title="Degradasi lahan - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Degradasi lahan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mmebi_ala" title="Mmebi ala - igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Mmebi ala" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Деградација на почвата - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Деградација на почвата" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degradacja_(geologia)" title="Degradacja (geologia) - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Degradacja (geologia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degradacija_tal" title="Degradacija tal - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Degradacija tal" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordf%C3%B6rst%C3%B6ring" title="Jordförstöring - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jordförstöring" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uharibifu_wa_ardhi" title="Uharibifu wa ardhi - suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uharibifu wa ardhi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Derleri%C5%88_za%C3%BDalanmagy" title="Ýerleriň zaýalanmagy - turcman" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ýerleriň zaýalanmagy" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arazi_bozulmas%C4%B1" title="Arazi bozulması - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Arazi bozulması" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Деградація земель - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Деградація земель" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suy_tho%C3%A1i_%C4%91%E1%BA%A5t" title="Suy thoái đất - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Suy thoái đất" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E9%80%80%E5%8C%96" title="土地退化 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="土地退化" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3497778#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Zona_degradada" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussi%C3%B3:Zona_degradada&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussió sobre el contingut d'aquesta pàgina (encara no existeix) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Més opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Zona_degradada"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zona_degradada&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zona_degradada&action=history"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Enlla%C3%A7os/Zona_degradada" title="Una llista de totes les pàgines wiki que enllacen amb aquesta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Què hi enllaça</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguiment/Zona_degradada" rel="nofollow" title="Canvis recents a pàgines enllaçades des d'aquesta pàgina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Canvis relacionats</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A0gines_especials" title="Llista totes les pàgines especials [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pàgines especials</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zona_degradada&oldid=33978532" title="Enllaç permanent a aquesta revisió de la pàgina"><span>Enllaç 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Imprimeix/exporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Llibre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Zona+degradada"><span>Crea un llibre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Zona_degradada&action=show-download-screen"><span>Baixa com a PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zona_degradada&printable=yes" title="Versió per a impressió d'aquesta pàgina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versió per a impressora</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altres projectes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link 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dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Serragrossa5t.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Serragrossa5t.JPG/220px-Serragrossa5t.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Serragrossa5t.JPG/330px-Serragrossa5t.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Serragrossa5t.JPG/440px-Serragrossa5t.JPG 2x" data-file-width="903" data-file-height="328" /></a><figcaption>Una de les pedreres a <a href="/wiki/Ulldecona" title="Ulldecona">Ulldecona</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Karst_following_phosphate_mining_on_Nauru.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Karst_following_phosphate_mining_on_Nauru.jpg/220px-Karst_following_phosphate_mining_on_Nauru.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Karst_following_phosphate_mining_on_Nauru.jpg/330px-Karst_following_phosphate_mining_on_Nauru.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Karst_following_phosphate_mining_on_Nauru.jpg/440px-Karst_following_phosphate_mining_on_Nauru.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1787" data-file-height="1194" /></a><figcaption>Degradació greu a <a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a>. La capa fèrtil de <a href="/wiki/Fosfat" title="Fosfat">fosfats</a> es va extreure comercialment i va ser exportada a Austràlia, deixant un <a href="/wiki/Erm" title="Erm">erm</a> d'agulles calcàries.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Erosion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Erosion.jpg/220px-Erosion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Erosion.jpg/330px-Erosion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Erosion.jpg/440px-Erosion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1769" data-file-height="2670" /></a><figcaption>Erosió a un camp de <a href="/wiki/Blat" title="Blat">blat</a> a l'<a href="/wiki/Estat_de_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="Estat de Washington">estat de Washington</a>, USA.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Pant%C3%A0_de_Flix.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Pant%C3%A0_de_Flix.jpg/220px-Pant%C3%A0_de_Flix.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Pant%C3%A0_de_Flix.jpg/330px-Pant%C3%A0_de_Flix.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Pant%C3%A0_de_Flix.jpg/440px-Pant%C3%A0_de_Flix.jpg 2x" data-file-width="873" data-file-height="651" /></a><figcaption>El <a href="/wiki/Pant%C3%A0_de_Flix" title="Pantà de Flix">pantà de Flix</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Zona degradada</b> és un concepte d'<a href="/wiki/Ecologia" title="Ecologia">ecologia</a> segons el qual la qualitat de l'<a href="/wiki/Entorn_biof%C3%ADsic" class="mw-redirect" title="Entorn biofísic">entorn biofísic</a> és alterada mitjançant processos d'intervenció humana sobre la superfície terrestre.<sup id="cite_ref-rural_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rural-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Processos_artificials">Processos artificials</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zona_degradada&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Processos artificials"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>És important aclarir que el concepte ecològic de "zona degradada" no inclou els processos naturals de degradació del terreny, com les <a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A0strofe_natural" title="Catàstrofe natural">catàstrofes naturals</a>. </p><p>Les causes de la degradació ecològica més greus, rellevants i perdurables provenen en la majoria dels casos de la interferència humana directa o indirecta amb el terreny o zona. Cal tenir en compte també que moltes activitats humanes poden facilitar desastres naturals com <a href="/wiki/Incendis_forestals" class="mw-redirect" title="Incendis forestals">incendis forestals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allau" title="Allau">allaus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ensulsiades" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensulsiades">ensulsiades</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riuades" class="mw-redirect" title="Riuades">riuades</a> i <a href="/wiki/Inundacions" class="mw-redirect" title="Inundacions">inundacions</a>. </p><p>Segons càlculs del 2007 un 40% dels terrenys amb possibilitats agrícoles o forestals de la Terra es troben en estat de degradació.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>L'aprofitament excessiu d'aigües per regadiu pot abocar a la degradació dels mars interiors, com la <a href="/wiki/Mar_d%27Aral" title="Mar d'Aral">mar d'Aral</a>, que es troba actualment en un estat catastròfic. </p><p>Al <a href="/wiki/Pant%C3%A0_de_Flix" title="Pantà de Flix">Pantà de Flix</a> hi ha una zona degradada amb productes químics d'alta toxicitat.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Causes">Causes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zona_degradada&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Causes"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Entre les causes importants de la degradació de terrenys es pot fer esment: </p> <ul><li>Males pràctiques agrícoles que no tenen cura de la terra i que afavoreixen l'erosió.</li> <li>L'excés de pasturatge per part del <a href="/wiki/Ramat" title="Ramat">ramat</a> o <a href="/wiki/Sobrepastura" title="Sobrepastura">sobrepastura</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desforestaci%C3%B3" title="Desforestació">Desforestació</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedreres" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedreres">Pedreres</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mina_a_cel_obert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mina a cel obert (encara no existeix)">mines a cel obert</a></li> <li>Excés de <a href="/wiki/Regadiu" title="Regadiu">regadiu</a>, incl. camps de <a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">golf</a> i jardins en zones naturalment àrides</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbanitzaci%C3%B3_(nucli)" title="Urbanització (nucli)">Urbanització</a> i desenvolupament comercial excessius.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contaminaci%C3%B3_del_s%C3%B2l" title="Contaminació del sòl">Contaminació</a> directa o indirecta dels terrenys amb <a href="/wiki/Residu_(deixalles)" title="Residu (deixalles)">residus</a> <a href="/wiki/Industrial" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial">industrials</a>, tòxics o <a href="/wiki/Residu_radioactiu" title="Residu radioactiu">radioactius</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abocador" title="Abocador">Abocadors</a> d'escombraries o abundància de <a href="/wiki/Escombraries" class="mw-redirect" title="Escombraries">brossa</a> escampada a la zona</li> <li>Excés de pas de vehicles <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_tot_terreny" class="mw-redirect" title="Vehicle tot terreny">tot terreny</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exemples_de_zones_degradades_a_Catalunya">Exemples de zones degradades a Catalunya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zona_degradada&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Exemples de zones degradades a Catalunya"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass%C3%ADs_del_Garraf" class="mw-redirect" title="Massís del Garraf">Massís del Garraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_del_Llobregat" title="Delta del Llobregat">Delta del Llobregat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pant%C3%A0_de_Flix" title="Pantà de Flix">Pantà de Flix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serra_Grossa_(Ulldecona)" title="Serra Grossa (Ulldecona)">Serra Grossa (Ulldecona)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serra_de_les_Veles" class="mw-redirect" title="Serra de les Veles">Serra de les Veles</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vegeu_també"><span id="Vegeu_tamb.C3.A9"></span>Vegeu també</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zona_degradada&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Vegeu també"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Efecte_de_vora" title="Efecte de vora">Efecte de vora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desforestaci%C3%B3" title="Desforestació">Desforestació</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desertitzaci%C3%B3" title="Desertització">Desertització</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destrucci%C3%B3_de_l%27h%C3%A0bitat" title="Destrucció de l'hàbitat">Destrucció de l'hàbitat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contaminaci%C3%B3_del_s%C3%B2l" title="Contaminació del sòl">Contaminació del sòl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruderal" title="Ruderal">Ruderal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erm" title="Erm">Erm</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zona_degradada&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist {{#if: | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{col}}}" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-rural-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-rural_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFConacher1995"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Conacher</span>, Arthur; Conacher, Jeanette. <i>Rural Land Degradation in Australia</i>.  South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press Australia, 1995, p. 2. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0195534360" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0195534360">ISBN 0195534360</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rural+Land+Degradation+in+Australia&rft.aulast=Conacher&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft.date=1995&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press+Australia&rft.place=South+Melbourne%2C+Victoria&rft.pages=2&rft.isbn=0195534360"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Ian Sample. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2007/aug/31/climatechange.food">Global food crisis looms as climate change and population growth strip fertile land</a>». <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, 31-08-2007. [Consulta: 23 juliol 2008].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.avui.cat/cat/notices/2010/02/comencen_les_obres_de_col_locacio_de_la_barrera_que_aillara_els_llots_toxics_del_panta_de_flix_duran_86640.php">Comencen les obres de col·locació de la barrera que aïllarà els llots tòxics del pantà de Flix durant la descontaminació</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Naomi Klein, <i>The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism</i>, <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0805079831" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0805079831">ISBN 0805079831</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zona_degradada&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Bibliografia"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite style="font-style:normal">Eswaran, H.; R. Lal and P.F. Reich. (2001). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://soils.usda.gov/use/worldsoils/papers/land-degradation-overview.html">Land degradation: an overview</a>". <i>Responses to Land Degradation. Proc. 2nd. International Conference on Land Degradation and Desertification</i>, New Delhi, India: Oxford Press</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=proceeding&rft.btitle=Responses+to+Land+Degradation.+Proc.+2nd.+International+Conference+on+Land+Degradation+and+Desertification&rft.atitle=Land+degradation%3A+an+overview&rft.aulast=Eswaran&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.date=2001&rft.pub=Oxford+Press&rft.place=New+Delhi%2C+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsoils.usda.gov%2Fuse%2Fworldsoils%2Fpapers%2Fland-degradation-overview.html"> </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120120202018/http://soils.usda.gov/use/worldsoils/papers/land-degradation-overview.html">Arxivat</a> 2012-01-20 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li>D.L. Johnson and L.A. Lewis <i>Land Degradation:Creation and Destruction</i>, 2nd edition, Rowman and Littlefield, Lanham, Boulder, New York, Toronto, Oxford, 2007.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enllaços_externs"><span id="Enlla.C3.A7os_externs"></span>Enllaços externs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zona_degradada&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la secció: Enllaços externs"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://soils.usda.gov/"><i>USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waterlog.info/">Rehabilitació de terrenys</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtingut de «<a dir="ltr" href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zona_degradada&oldid=33978532">https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zona_degradada&oldid=33978532</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Ecologia" title="Categoria:Ecologia">Ecologia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Geografia_f%C3%ADsica" title="Categoria:Geografia física">Geografia física</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Medi_ambient" title="Categoria:Medi ambient">Medi ambient</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categoria oculta: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Articles_amb_la_plantilla_Webarchive_amb_enlla%C3%A7_wayback" title="Categoria:Articles amb la plantilla Webarchive amb enllaç wayback">Articles amb la plantilla Webarchive amb enllaç wayback</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> La pàgina va ser modificada per darrera vegada el 21 set 2024 a les 11:22.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">El text està disponible sota la <a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Text_de_la_llic%C3%A8ncia_de_Creative_Commons_Reconeixement-Compartir_Igual_4.0_No_adaptada" title="Viquipèdia:Text de la llicència de Creative Commons Reconeixement-Compartir Igual 4.0 No adaptada"> Llicència de Creative Commons Reconeixement i Compartir-Igual</a>; es poden aplicar termes addicionals. 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