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(PDF) Viking-Age Trade: Silver, Slaves and Gotland | Jacek Gruszczynski and Marek Jankowiak - Academia.edu
<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="OdaxLs/156C/vj/g4hTShGHjwu90+52EBgOy2mcfXKDYRxIMYLjyxgjcN0k+Ro64/z1ZVwIvEPxlbYQPvHn0xg==" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Viking-Age Trade: Silver, Slaves and Gotland" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2020/01/01" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Routledge Archaeologies of the Viking World" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Jacek Gruszczynski" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Marek Jankowiak" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/44252053/Viking_Age_Trade_Silver_Slaves_and_Gotland" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Viking-Age Trade: Silver, Slaves and Gotland" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="That there was an influx of silver dirhams from the Muslim world into eastern and northern Europe in the ninth and tenth centuries is well known, as is the fact that the largest concentration of hoards is on the Baltic island of Gotland. 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Recent" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://oxford.academia.edu/JacekGruszczynski" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://oxford.academia.edu/MarekJankowiak" /> <meta name="description" content="That there was an influx of silver dirhams from the Muslim world into eastern and northern Europe in the ninth and tenth centuries is well known, as is the fact that the largest concentration of hoards is on the Baltic island of Gotland. Recent" /> <title>(PDF) Viking-Age Trade: Silver, Slaves and Gotland | Jacek Gruszczynski and Marek Jankowiak - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/44252053/Viking_Age_Trade_Silver_Slaves_and_Gotland" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '92477ec68c09d28ae4730a4143c926f074776319'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732784908000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732784908000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"That there was an influx of silver dirhams from the Muslim world into eastern and northern Europe in the ninth and tenth centuries is well known, as is the fact that the largest concentration of hoards is on the Baltic island of Gotland. Recent discoveries have shown that dirhams were reaching the British Isles, too. What brought the dirhams to northern Europe in such large numbers? The fur trade has been proposed as one driver for transactions, but the slave trade offers another – complementary – explanation. This volume does not offer a comprehensive delineation of the hoard finds, or a full answer to the question of what brought the silver north. But it highlights the trade in slaves as driving exchanges on a trans-continental scale. By their very nature, the nexuses were complex, mutable and unclear even to contemporaries, and they have eluded modern scholarship. Contributions to this volume shed light on processes and key places: the mints of Central Asia; the chronology of the inflows of dirhams to Rus and northern Europe; the reasons why silver was deposited in the ground and why so much ended up on Gotland; the functioning of networks – perhaps comparable to the twenty-first-century drug trade; slave-trading in the British Isles; and the stimulus and additional networks that the Vikings brought into play. This combination of general surveys, presentations of fresh evidence and regional case studies sets Gotland and the early medieval slave trade in a firmer framework than has been available before. https://www.routledge.com/Viking-Age-Trade-Silver-Slaves-and-Gotland/Gruszczynski-Jankowiak-Shepard/p/book/9781138293946","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Jacek Gruszczynski"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Marek Jankowiak"}],"contributor":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Marek Jankowiak"}],"dateCreated":"2020-10-08","dateModified":"2020-10-08","datePublished":"2020-01-01","headline":"Viking-Age Trade: Silver, Slaves and Gotland","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Medieval History","Early Medieval History","Early Medieval Ireland","Slave Trade","Medieval trade","Settlement archaeology","Coin Hoards","Silver","Hoards","Viking Age","Fur Trade","Silver Economy","Gotland","Slaves","Britain and Ireland In the Viking Age","Bornholm"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":"Routledge Archaeologies of the Viking World","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/44252053/Viking_Age_Trade_Silver_Slaves_and_Gotland","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"oxford"}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-102fa537001ba4d8dcd921ad9bd56c474abc201906ea4843e7e7efe9dfbf561d.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" 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window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":44252053,"created_at":"2020-10-08T00:51:37.068-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2021-01-14T21:46:40.082-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"That there was an influx of silver dirhams from the Muslim world into eastern and northern Europe in the ninth and tenth centuries is well known, as is the fact that the largest concentration of hoards is on the Baltic island of Gotland. Recent discoveries have shown that dirhams were reaching the British Isles, too. What brought the dirhams to northern Europe in such large numbers? The fur trade has been proposed as one driver for transactions, but the slave trade offers another – complementary – explanation.\n\nThis volume does not offer a comprehensive delineation of the hoard finds, or a full answer to the question of what brought the silver north. But it highlights the trade in slaves as driving exchanges on a trans-continental scale. By their very nature, the nexuses were complex, mutable and unclear even to contemporaries, and they have eluded modern scholarship. Contributions to this volume shed light on processes and key places: the mints of Central Asia; the chronology of the inflows of dirhams to Rus and northern Europe; the reasons why silver was deposited in the ground and why so much ended up on Gotland; the functioning of networks – perhaps comparable to the twenty-first-century drug trade; slave-trading in the British Isles; and the stimulus and additional networks that the Vikings brought into play.\n\nThis combination of general surveys, presentations of fresh evidence and regional case studies sets Gotland and the early medieval slave trade in a firmer framework than has been available before.\n\nhttps://www.routledge.com/Viking-Age-Trade-Silver-Slaves-and-Gotland/Gruszczynski-Jankowiak-Shepard/p/book/9781138293946","publication_date":"2020,,","publication_name":"Routledge Archaeologies of the Viking World"},"document_type":"book","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"low","language":"en","title":"Viking-Age Trade: Silver, Slaves and Gotland","broadcastable":true,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [4799920,694281]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":64625353,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Viking-Age Trade: Silver, Slaves and Gotland”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/64625353/mini_magick20201008-1636-1qhvzu.png?1602146740" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Viking-Age Trade: Silver, Slaves and Gotland</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4799920" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/JacekGruszczynski"><img alt="Profile image of Jacek Gruszczynski" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/4799920/3127659/3682315/s65_jacek.gruszczynski.jpg" />Jacek Gruszczynski</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="694281" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/MarekJankowiak"><img alt="Profile image of Marek Jankowiak" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/694281/508827/35183556/s65_marek.jankowiak.jpg" />Marek Jankowiak</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2020, Routledge Archaeologies of the Viking World</p></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">That there was an influx of silver dirhams from the Muslim world into eastern and northern Europe in the ninth and tenth centuries is well known, as is the fact that the largest concentration of hoards is on the Baltic island of Gotland. Recent discoveries have shown that dirhams were reaching the British Isles, too. What brought the dirhams to northern Europe in such large numbers? The fur trade has been proposed as one driver for transactions, but the slave trade offers another – complementary – explanation. This volume does not offer a comprehensive delineation of the hoard finds, or a full answer to the question of what brought the silver north. But it highlights the trade in slaves as driving exchanges on a trans-continental scale. By their very nature, the nexuses were complex, mutable and unclear even to contemporaries, and they have eluded modern scholarship. Contributions to this volume shed light on processes and key places: the mints of Central Asia; the chronology of the inflows of dirhams to Rus and northern Europe; the reasons why silver was deposited in the ground and why so much ended up on Gotland; the functioning of networks – perhaps comparable to the twenty-first-century drug trade; slave-trading in the British Isles; and the stimulus and additional networks that the Vikings brought into play. This combination of general surveys, presentations of fresh evidence and regional case studies sets Gotland and the early medieval slave trade in a firmer framework than has been available before. https://www.routledge.com/Viking-Age-Trade-Silver-Slaves-and-Gotland/Gruszczynski-Jankowiak-Shepard/p/book/9781138293946</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":64625353,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/44252053/Viking_Age_Trade_Silver_Slaves_and_Gotland"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":64625353,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/44252053/Viking_Age_Trade_Silver_Slaves_and_Gotland"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="64625353" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/44252053/Viking_Age_Trade_Silver_Slaves_and_Gotland" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="45593424" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45593424/Viking_Age_Trade_Silver_Slaves_and_Gotland_2021_">Viking-Age Trade: Silver, Slaves and Gotland (2021)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="694281" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/MarekJankowiak">Marek Jankowiak</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Routledge Archaeologies of the Viking World, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">That there was an in!ux of silver dirhams from the Muslim world into eastern and northern Europe in the ninth and tenth centuries is well known, as is the fact that the largest concentration of hoards is on the Baltic island of Gotland. Recent discoveries have shown that dirhams were reaching the British Isles, too. What brought the dirhams to northern Europe in such large numbers? The fur trade has been proposed as one driver for transactions, but the slave trade offers another – complementary – explanation. This volume does not offer a comprehensive delineation of the hoard finds, or a full answer to the question of what brought the silver north. But it highlights the trade in slaves as driving exchanges on a trans-continental scale. By their very nature, the nexuses were complex, mutable and unclear even to contemporaries, and they have eluded modern scholarship. Contributions to this volume shed light on processes and key places: the mints of Central Asia; the chronology of the in!ows of dirhams to Rus and northern Europe; the reasons why silver was deposited in the ground and why so much ended up on Gotland; the functioning of networks – perhaps comparable to the twenty-first-century drug trade; slave- trading in the British Isles; and the stimulus and additional networks that the Vikings brought into play. This combination of general surveys, presentations of fresh evidence and regional case studies sets Gotland and the early medieval slave trade in a firmer framework than has been available before.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Viking-Age Trade: Silver, Slaves and Gotland (2021)","attachmentId":66074587,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/45593424/Viking_Age_Trade_Silver_Slaves_and_Gotland_2021_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/45593424/Viking_Age_Trade_Silver_Slaves_and_Gotland_2021_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="43950379" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43950379/Networks_of_the_Viking_Age_Slave_Trade">Networks of the Viking-Age Slave Trade</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2110663" href="https://barnard.academia.edu/MatthewDelvaux">Matthew C . Delvaux</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists (Virtual Meeting), 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Large-scale networks developed between Scandinavia and the Near East during the Late Iron Age, emerging and intensifying between 700 and 900 CE. These networks brought small artifacts of glass, stone, and silver into Scandinavia. According to textual sources, they also carried large numbers of slaves in the opposite direction. This slave trade poses particular problems for archaeological research. To what extent did the slave trade to and through Scandinavia leave an archaeological trace? Can impacts of the slave trade be seen in Viking-Age cemeteries and graves, settlements and structures, or across regional landscapes? Should archaeologists restrict their discussions of slavery to situations in which slave presence can be confirmed, or should they consider ways in which slavery and the slave trade indirectly shaped societies at different levels of interaction? In this paper, I offer an approach for studying the slave trade through a combination of textual indicators and material markers. Patterns in textual accounts of the early Viking-Age slave trade correspond to patterns in the archaeological record. These patterns challenge archaeologists to give increased attention to roles that slaves played in creating the archaeological record—through their value as local and long-distance trade goods, through their potential for resistance or flight from slave markets, through their unwilling presence on ships and along maritime routes. Scholarly consensus affirms that the movement of slaves played a significant role in long-distance communications and connections. Archaeological interpretations should reflect this as well. Cite as: Matthew C. Delvaux, “Networks of the Viking- Age Slave Trade in Archaeology and Text” (paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Virtual Meeting, August 27, 2020).</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Networks of the Viking-Age Slave Trade","attachmentId":64275987,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43950379/Networks_of_the_Viking_Age_Slave_Trade","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/43950379/Networks_of_the_Viking_Age_Slave_Trade"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="79485560" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79485560/Means_of_exchange_dealing_with_silver_in_the_Viking_Age">Means of exchange: dealing with silver in the Viking Age</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="95758012" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ViilWessel">Christoph Kilger</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Means of exchange: dealing with silver in the Viking Age","attachmentId":86184707,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79485560/Means_of_exchange_dealing_with_silver_in_the_Viking_Age","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/79485560/Means_of_exchange_dealing_with_silver_in_the_Viking_Age"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="13843993" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13843993/Western_Silver_from_the_East_Hiberno_Norse_and_Gotlandic_contacts_in_the_Viking_Age">Western Silver from the East: Hiberno-Norse and Gotlandic contacts in the Viking Age</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="481732" href="https://uppsala.academia.edu/AntonAml%C3%A9">Anton Amlé</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In my previous thesis I wrote about what features that characterize the Hiberno-Norse identity in Ireland during the Viking Age/Early Medieval period and the origin of these features. I also discussed whether they are to be viewed as a creolized Scandinavian society or as a hybrid culture with focus on said features. In this thesis I will attempt to shift the focus towards 9th and 10th century Gotland. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate if there were some connections between the Hiberno-Norse world and Gotland. I will focus on one particular hypothesis regarding the early import of Islamic dirhams, particularly Samanid silver to Ireland. The idea is to examine if a trading network might have existed and, in essence, to establish that there were connections between the Hiberno-Norse world and Gotland.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Western Silver from the East: Hiberno-Norse and Gotlandic contacts in the Viking Age","attachmentId":38142294,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13843993/Western_Silver_from_the_East_Hiberno_Norse_and_Gotlandic_contacts_in_the_Viking_Age","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13843993/Western_Silver_from_the_East_Hiberno_Norse_and_Gotlandic_contacts_in_the_Viking_Age"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="43896666" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43896666/Long_distance_trade_runes_and_silver_a_Gotlandic_perspective">Long distance trade, runes and silver: a Gotlandic perspective</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="456808" href="https://hgo.academia.edu/CKilger">Christoph C L Kilger</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">In: Kitzler Åhfeldt L., Hedenstierna-Jonson C. Widerström, P & Raffield, B. (eds.) ,RELATIONS AND RUNES The Baltic Islands and Their Interactions During the Late Iron Age and Early Middle Ages, pp. 49-64 , 2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Long distance trade, runes and silver: a Gotlandic perspective","attachmentId":64219762,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43896666/Long_distance_trade_runes_and_silver_a_Gotlandic_perspective","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/43896666/Long_distance_trade_runes_and_silver_a_Gotlandic_perspective"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="35494929" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35494929/Introduction_Economy_Currency_and_Value_in_the_Viking_Age_In_J_Kershaw_and_G_Williams_eds_Silver_Butter_Cloth_Monetary_and_Social_Currencies_in_the_Viking_Age_2018_OUP_">Introduction: Economy, Currency and Value in the Viking Age. In J. Kershaw & G. Williams (eds.) Silver, Butter, Cloth: Monetary and Social Currencies in the Viking Age (2018, OUP).</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="241936" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/JaneKershaw">Jane Kershaw</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Introduction: Economy, Currency and Value in the Viking Age. In J. Kershaw \u0026 G. Williams (eds.) Silver, Butter, Cloth: Monetary and Social Currencies in the Viking Age (2018, OUP).","attachmentId":95379039,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35494929/Introduction_Economy_Currency_and_Value_in_the_Viking_Age_In_J_Kershaw_and_G_Williams_eds_Silver_Butter_Cloth_Monetary_and_Social_Currencies_in_the_Viking_Age_2018_OUP_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/35494929/Introduction_Economy_Currency_and_Value_in_the_Viking_Age_In_J_Kershaw_and_G_Williams_eds_Silver_Butter_Cloth_Monetary_and_Social_Currencies_in_the_Viking_Age_2018_OUP_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="8007397" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8007397/Money_and_trade_in_Viking_Age_Scandinavia">Money and trade in Viking-Age Scandinavia</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="470343" href="https://uio.academia.edu/DagfinnSkre">Dagfinn Skre</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">In Bogucki, Mateusz (eds): "Economies, Monetisation and Society in West Slavic Lands 800-1200 AD", pp. 75-87. Szczecin 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Money and trade in Viking-Age Scandinavia","attachmentId":34470761,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8007397/Money_and_trade_in_Viking_Age_Scandinavia","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/8007397/Money_and_trade_in_Viking_Age_Scandinavia"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="38701081" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38701081/The_slave_markets_of_the_Viking_world_comparative_perspectives_on_an_invisible_archaeology">The slave markets of the Viking world: comparative perspectives on an 'invisible archaeology'</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="82768" href="https://uppsala.academia.edu/BenRaffield">Ben Raffield</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Slaving was a prominent activity among raiding and mercantile groups operating across the early medieval world during the Viking Age (c. 750–1050 CE). Historical sources provide explicit descriptions of widespread raiding and slave taking by Viking raiders, as well as a substantial trade in captive peoples. Archaeologists, however, have long-struggled to identify evidence for the transportation and sale of captives in the material record. In order to begin addressing this issue, this study explores the comparative archaeologies and histories of slave markets in order to examine the potential form and function of these sites, and how they might have operated as part of the wider, interconnected Viking world.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The slave markets of the Viking world: comparative perspectives on an 'invisible archaeology'","attachmentId":61251620,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38701081/The_slave_markets_of_the_Viking_world_comparative_perspectives_on_an_invisible_archaeology","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/38701081/The_slave_markets_of_the_Viking_world_comparative_perspectives_on_an_invisible_archaeology"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="35494936" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35494936/Gold_as_a_Means_of_Exchange_in_Scandinavian_England_c_850_1050_AD_In_J_Kershaw_and_G_Williams_eds_Silver_Butter_Cloth_Monetary_and_Social_Currencies_in_the_Viking_Age">Gold as a Means of Exchange in Scandinavian England (c. 850-1050 AD). In J. Kershaw & G. Williams (eds.) Silver, Butter, Cloth: Monetary and Social Currencies in the Viking Age.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="241936" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/JaneKershaw">Jane Kershaw</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Gold as a Means of Exchange in Scandinavian England (c. 850-1050 AD). In J. Kershaw \u0026 G. Williams (eds.) Silver, Butter, Cloth: Monetary and Social Currencies in the Viking Age.","attachmentId":95379021,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35494936/Gold_as_a_Means_of_Exchange_in_Scandinavian_England_c_850_1050_AD_In_J_Kershaw_and_G_Williams_eds_Silver_Butter_Cloth_Monetary_and_Social_Currencies_in_the_Viking_Age","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/35494936/Gold_as_a_Means_of_Exchange_in_Scandinavian_England_c_850_1050_AD_In_J_Kershaw_and_G_Williams_eds_Silver_Butter_Cloth_Monetary_and_Social_Currencies_in_the_Viking_Age"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="1153304" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1153304/Commodity_Money_Silver_and_Coinage_in_Viking_Age_Scandinavia">Commodity Money, Silver and Coinage in Viking-Age Scandinavia</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="470343" href="https://uio.academia.edu/DagfinnSkre">Dagfinn Skre</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Commodity Money, Silver and Coinage in Viking-Age Scandinavia","attachmentId":7082652,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1153304/Commodity_Money_Silver_and_Coinage_in_Viking_Age_Scandinavia","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1153304/Commodity_Money_Silver_and_Coinage_in_Viking_Age_Scandinavia"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":64625353,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":64625353,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_64625353" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/700455/Hack_Silver_Weights_and_Coinage_the_Anglo_Scandinavian_Bullion_Coinages_and_their_Use_in_Late_Viking_Age_Society"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="14" data-entity-id="12103184" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12103184/Viking_Age_and_Early_Medieval_Scandinavia_chapter_5_Trade_and_the_Beginning_of_the_Viking_Age">Viking-Age and Early Medieval Scandinavia, chapter 5: Trade and the Beginning of the Viking Age</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="29007015" href="https://ntnu-no.academia.edu/BirgitSawyer">Birgit I L 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