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if ($a.is_logged_in() && $viewedUser.is_current_user()) { $('body').addClass('profile-viewed-by-owner'); } $socialProfiles = []</script><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://independent.academia.edu/ZofiaStosGale","location":"/ZofiaStosGale","scheme":"https","host":"independent.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/ZofiaStosGale","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate" data-props="{}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-61bb9908-6fa2-4b87-9045-223b64394f0f"></div> <div id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-61bb9908-6fa2-4b87-9045-223b64394f0f"></div> <div class="DesignSystem"><div class="onsite-ping" id="onsite-ping"></div></div><div class="profile-user-info DesignSystem"><div class="social-profile-container"><div class="left-panel-container"><div class="user-info-component-wrapper"><div class="user-summary-cta-container"><div class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Zofia Stos-Gale" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/2628582/834527/1036272/s200_zofia.stos-gale.jpg" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Zofia Stos-Gale</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Zofia" data-follow-user-id="2628582" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="2628582"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">580</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">56</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-coauthors" data-broccoli-component="user-info.coauthors-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-coauthors"><p class="label">Co-authors</p><p class="data">13</p></div></a><a href="/ZofiaStosGale/mentions"><div class="stat-container"><p class="label">Mentions</p><p class="data">1</p></div></a><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;">Dr. Zofia Anna Stos-Gale – obtained MSc degree in Applied Nuclear Physics at the AGH University of Science and Technology in Krakow and DPhil in application of science to archaeology at the University of Oxford (Christ Church). For 25 years together with Noel Gale conducted research into application of lead isotope and chemical analyses for identification of sources of Bronze Age metals at the University of Oxford (Department of Earth Sciences and Research Laboratory for Archaeology). They established in Oxford first mass spectrometry research laboratory devoted to research into archaeological materials: Oxford Isotrace Laboratory. Their research was mostly focussed on the metals trade in the Bronze Age Mediterranean and the development of the methodology of using isotope analyses for research into provenance of raw materials in antiquity. Currently all data obtained in this laboratory is available on the open access website: http://oxalid.arch.ox.ac.uk.  She also obtained Certificate in Management at the Oxford Brookes and was employed at the University of Surrey as the Expert Advisor on the EU research funding (2002-2012; Frameworks 6, 7 and VC in Horizon 22). Since 2012 she is collaborating with Johan Ling, serena Sabatini and Kristian Kristiansen of the University of Gothenburg on the extensive research projects into Bronze Age trade in metals in Scandinavia. Her current projects also include collaboration with a number of archaeologists from Poland and Germany, and scientists applying lead isotope method for finding the sources of prehistoric and historic metals. Currently she is a member of  two teams at the University of Gothenburg on two research projects: Maritime Encounters led by Johan Ling and a project about prehistoric Sardinia led by Serena Sabatini. Her publication list includes over 150 paper and chapters in books. She is bilingual and has a dual Polish-British citizenship.<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span><a class="ri-more-link js-profile-ri-list-card" data-click-track="profile-user-info-primary-research-interest" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2628582">View All (27)</a></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2628582" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aegean_Bronze_Age_Bronze_Age_Archaeology_"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://independent.academia.edu/ZofiaStosGale","location":"/ZofiaStosGale","scheme":"https","host":"independent.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/ZofiaStosGale","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Aegean Bronze Age (Bronze Age Archaeology)"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-8fff2789-8fba-4dee-8469-f795892e567a"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-8fff2789-8fba-4dee-8469-f795892e567a"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2628582" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeometry"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Archaeometry"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-6afbb93f-79f3-4929-ad3e-4a39f6fadb0b"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-6afbb93f-79f3-4929-ad3e-4a39f6fadb0b"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2628582" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age_Europe_Archaeology_"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology)"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-150ea657-f235-462c-97c2-d3953680cd59"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-150ea657-f235-462c-97c2-d3953680cd59"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2628582" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/East_Anatolian_and_Caucasian_Bronze_Age_Culrures"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["East Anatolian and Caucasian Bronze Age Culrures"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-0b2e94dc-bc4a-4497-b5fd-1dd475fa736e"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-0b2e94dc-bc4a-4497-b5fd-1dd475fa736e"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2628582" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/bronze_age_France"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["bronze age France"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-55bd1228-346b-4393-a286-ca736f705fa0"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-55bd1228-346b-4393-a286-ca736f705fa0"></div> </a></div></div><div class="external-links-container"><ul class="profile-links new-profile js-UserInfo-social"><li class="left-most js-UserInfo-social-cv" data-broccoli-component="user-info.cv-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-cv" data-cv-filename="cv_2013.doc" data-placement="top" data-toggle="tooltip" href="/ZofiaStosGale/CurriculumVitae"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--small" style="font-size: 20px; 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The extraction and supply of raw materials is a main driving force in global trade today, but has also profoundly influenced human economic and cultural history. In order to elucidate the importance of mineral ores in pre-modern societies, PhD students and staff at the Leibniz graduate school “Raw Materials, Innovation and Technology of Ancient Cultures” [RITaK] – a co-operation between the German Mining Museum [Deutsches Bergbau-Museum, DBM] and the Ruhr-University Bochum [RUB] – were involved in interdisciplinary research. This publication contains the results of the international RITaK end-of-project conference, held from the 27th-29th of September, as well as contributions to the RITaK workshop “Perspectives for an Economic Archaeology”, held on the 22nd and 23rd of November 2013. At a theoretical and model-building level,...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115999497"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115999497"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115999497; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115999497]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115999497]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115999497; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115999497']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 115999497, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115999497]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115999497,"title":"The RITaK Conferences. 2013-2014: Raw Materials, Innovation, Technology of Ancient Cultures - RITaK 1","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Globally, raw materials play a central role and are a key factor in determining the economic power and growth of modern states, confederations and coalitions. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111020196"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111020196/The_Late_Bronze_Age_metallurgists_graves_in_south_western_Poland_Tracing_the_provenance_of_the_metal_raw_material_using_casting_moulds"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Late Bronze Age 'metallurgists' graves’ in south-western Poland. Tracing the provenance of the metal raw material using casting moulds" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111020196/The_Late_Bronze_Age_metallurgists_graves_in_south_western_Poland_Tracing_the_provenance_of_the_metal_raw_material_using_casting_moulds">The Late Bronze Age 'metallurgists' graves’ in south-western Poland. Tracing the provenance of the metal raw material using casting moulds</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports</span><span>, Apr 1, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111020196"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111020196"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020196; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111020196]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111020196]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020196; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111020196']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 111020196, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111020196]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111020196,"title":"The Late Bronze Age 'metallurgists' graves’ in south-western Poland. 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Nuragic Sardinia and the Mycenaean World" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111020192/Oxhide_Ingots_from_Sardinia_Crete_and_Cyprus_and_the_Bronze_Age_Copper_Trade_New_Scientific_Evidence_in_Studies_in_Sardinian_Archaeology_III_Nuragic_Sardinia_and_the_Mycenaean_World">Oxhide Ingots from Sardinia, Crete and Cyprus and the Bronze Age Copper Trade : New Scientific Evidence in Studies in Sardinian Archaeology III. Nuragic Sardinia and the Mycenaean World</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">... Titre du document / Document title. Oxhide Ingots from Sardinia, Crete and Cyprus and the Bro...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">... Titre du document / Document title. Oxhide Ingots from Sardinia, Crete and Cyprus and the BronzeAge Copper Trade : New Scientific Evidence in Studies in Sardinian Archaeology III. Nuragic Sardinia and the Mycenaean World. Auteur(s) / Author(s). GALE N. ; STOS-GALE ZA ; ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111020192"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111020192"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020192; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111020192]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111020192]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020192; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111020192']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 111020192, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111020192]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111020192,"title":"Oxhide Ingots from Sardinia, Crete and Cyprus and the Bronze Age Copper Trade : New Scientific Evidence in Studies in Sardinian Archaeology III. 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GALE N. ; STOS-GALE ZA ; ...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111020192/Oxhide_Ingots_from_Sardinia_Crete_and_Cyprus_and_the_Bronze_Age_Copper_Trade_New_Scientific_Evidence_in_Studies_in_Sardinian_Archaeology_III_Nuragic_Sardinia_and_the_Mycenaean_World","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-12-10T00:06:59.509-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2628582,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Oxhide_Ingots_from_Sardinia_Crete_and_Cyprus_and_the_Bronze_Age_Copper_Trade_New_Scientific_Evidence_in_Studies_in_Sardinian_Archaeology_III_Nuragic_Sardinia_and_the_Mycenaean_World","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":2628582,"first_name":"Zofia","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Stos-Gale","page_name":"ZofiaStosGale","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2012-10-09T23:49:11.862-07:00","display_name":"Zofia Stos-Gale","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ZofiaStosGale"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History"},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology"},{"id":58724,"name":"Bronze Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age"},{"id":92948,"name":"Bronze","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze"},{"id":99198,"name":"Chalcolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chalcolithic"}],"urls":[{"id":36787714,"url":"https://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail\u0026idt=11853327"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111020189"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111020189/The_Origin_of_Metals_from_the_Roman_Period_Levels_of_a_Site_in_Southern_Poland"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Origin of Metals from the Roman-Period Levels of a Site in Southern Poland" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111020189/The_Origin_of_Metals_from_the_Roman_Period_Levels_of_a_Site_in_Southern_Poland">The Origin of Metals from the Roman-Period Levels of a Site in Southern Poland</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of European archaeology</span><span>, Sep 1, 1993</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">AbstractIn Bronze-Age Mediterranean archaeology, lead isotope provenance studies of metals have p...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">AbstractIn Bronze-Age Mediterranean archaeology, lead isotope provenance studies of metals have provided otherwise unavailable information about metal mining and smelting centres and the trade of metals. There is no similar scientific information about base non-ferrous metals in Europe in the Roman period, but a considerable body of written and archaeological evidence of Roman mining and smelting exists. Less in known about the origin of metal supplies for metal smithing workshops outside the Romans empire. This paper summarises the results of the first attempt at finding the mineral sources of such metals using compositional (XRF) and lead isotope analyses.From the settlement of Jakuszowice in southern Poland, a group of base metals dated to AD 200–400 was analysed and the results compared with lead isotope &#39;fingerprints&#39; of ores and some Gallo-Roman bronzes published previously. The finds from Jakuszowice include numerous imported artefacts, such as Roman coins and glass beads, which indicate links with...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111020189"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111020189"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020189; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111020189]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111020189]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020189; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111020189']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 111020189, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111020189]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111020189,"title":"The Origin of Metals from the Roman-Period Levels of a Site in Southern Poland","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"AbstractIn Bronze-Age Mediterranean archaeology, lead isotope provenance studies of metals have provided otherwise unavailable information about metal mining and smelting centres and the trade of metals. 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This paper summarises the results of the first attempt at finding the mineral sources of such metals using compositional (XRF) and lead isotope analyses.From the settlement of Jakuszowice in southern Poland, a group of base metals dated to AD 200–400 was analysed and the results compared with lead isotope \u0026#39;fingerprints\u0026#39; of ores and some Gallo-Roman bronzes published previously. The finds from Jakuszowice include numerous imported artefacts, such as Roman coins and glass beads, which indicate links with...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111020189/The_Origin_of_Metals_from_the_Roman_Period_Levels_of_a_Site_in_Southern_Poland","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-12-10T00:06:58.911-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2628582,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"The_Origin_of_Metals_from_the_Roman_Period_Levels_of_a_Site_in_Southern_Poland","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":2628582,"first_name":"Zofia","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Stos-Gale","page_name":"ZofiaStosGale","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2012-10-09T23:49:11.862-07:00","display_name":"Zofia Stos-Gale","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ZofiaStosGale"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography"},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology"},{"id":10477,"name":"Provenance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Provenance"},{"id":23555,"name":"Roman Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Empire"},{"id":40409,"name":"European Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Archaeology"},{"id":58724,"name":"Bronze Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age"},{"id":92948,"name":"Bronze","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze"},{"id":116578,"name":"Smelting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Smelting"}],"urls":[{"id":36787709,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1179/096576693800719365"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111020186"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111020186/Sources_of_Galena_lead_and_silver_in_predynastic_Egypt"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Sources of Galena, lead and silver in predynastic Egypt" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111020186/Sources_of_Galena_lead_and_silver_in_predynastic_Egypt">Sources of Galena, lead and silver in predynastic Egypt</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Revue d'archéométrie</span><span>, 1981</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">La galene est attestee dans plusieurs sites predynastiques particulierement dans les tombes ou en...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">La galene est attestee dans plusieurs sites predynastiques particulierement dans les tombes ou ensevelissements, comme fard pour les yeux. Par contre le plomb apparait dans un seul contexte predynastique tandis que 26 objets d&#39;argent sont connus. ; Ces objets datant du 4eme millenaire sont parmi les temoins les plus anciens que nous connaissons pour l&#39;usage de ces metaux. L&#39;essentiel est de savoir s&#39;ils sont d&#39;origine locale ou bien s&#39;ils font partie d&#39;une importation de produit etranger. Onze galenes predynastiques furent examinees pour des analyses isotopiques ainsi qu&#39;un objet de plomb et un d&#39;argent ; on les compara aux analyses de galene provenant des depots du Desert Oriental et d&#39;Arabie. ; Les donnees archeologiques et geologiques ne nous permettent pas d&#39;etablir avec certitude si les depots egyptiens de galene contiennent de l&#39;argent ou non, ce qui pourrait bien eclairer leur provenance. En consequence des analyses d&#39;activite neutron ont ete faites sur les memes objets de plomb ainsi que sur ceux provenant de l&#39;Egypte predynastique. Les resultats de ces analyses sont traites.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111020186"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111020186"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020186; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111020186]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111020186]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020186; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111020186']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 111020186, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111020186]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111020186,"title":"Sources of Galena, lead and silver in predynastic Egypt","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"La galene est attestee dans plusieurs sites predynastiques particulierement dans les tombes ou ensevelissements, comme fard pour les yeux. Par contre le plomb apparait dans un seul contexte predynastique tandis que 26 objets d\u0026#39;argent sont connus. ; Ces objets datant du 4eme millenaire sont parmi les temoins les plus anciens que nous connaissons pour l\u0026#39;usage de ces metaux. L\u0026#39;essentiel est de savoir s\u0026#39;ils sont d\u0026#39;origine locale ou bien s\u0026#39;ils font partie d\u0026#39;une importation de produit etranger. Onze galenes predynastiques furent examinees pour des analyses isotopiques ainsi qu\u0026#39;un objet de plomb et un d\u0026#39;argent ; on les compara aux analyses de galene provenant des depots du Desert Oriental et d\u0026#39;Arabie. ; Les donnees archeologiques et geologiques ne nous permettent pas d\u0026#39;etablir avec certitude si les depots egyptiens de galene contiennent de l\u0026#39;argent ou non, ce qui pourrait bien eclairer leur provenance. En consequence des analyses d\u0026#39;activite neutron ont ete faites sur les memes objets de plomb ainsi que sur ceux provenant de l\u0026#39;Egypte predynastique. Les resultats de ces analyses sont traites.","publisher":"PERSEE Program","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1981,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Revue d'archéométrie"},"translated_abstract":"La galene est attestee dans plusieurs sites predynastiques particulierement dans les tombes ou ensevelissements, comme fard pour les yeux. Par contre le plomb apparait dans un seul contexte predynastique tandis que 26 objets d\u0026#39;argent sont connus. ; Ces objets datant du 4eme millenaire sont parmi les temoins les plus anciens que nous connaissons pour l\u0026#39;usage de ces metaux. L\u0026#39;essentiel est de savoir s\u0026#39;ils sont d\u0026#39;origine locale ou bien s\u0026#39;ils font partie d\u0026#39;une importation de produit etranger. Onze galenes predynastiques furent examinees pour des analyses isotopiques ainsi qu\u0026#39;un objet de plomb et un d\u0026#39;argent ; on les compara aux analyses de galene provenant des depots du Desert Oriental et d\u0026#39;Arabie. ; Les donnees archeologiques et geologiques ne nous permettent pas d\u0026#39;etablir avec certitude si les depots egyptiens de galene contiennent de l\u0026#39;argent ou non, ce qui pourrait bien eclairer leur provenance. En consequence des analyses d\u0026#39;activite neutron ont ete faites sur les memes objets de plomb ainsi que sur ceux provenant de l\u0026#39;Egypte predynastique. Les resultats de ces analyses sont traites.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111020186/Sources_of_Galena_lead_and_silver_in_predynastic_Egypt","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-12-10T00:06:58.412-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2628582,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Sources_of_Galena_lead_and_silver_in_predynastic_Egypt","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"fr","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":2628582,"first_name":"Zofia","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Stos-Gale","page_name":"ZofiaStosGale","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2012-10-09T23:49:11.862-07:00","display_name":"Zofia Stos-Gale","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ZofiaStosGale"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology"},{"id":1236,"name":"Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art"},{"id":713552,"name":"Galena","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Galena"}],"urls":[{"id":36787707,"url":"https://doi.org/10.3406/arsci.1981.1158"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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Within this project stress is laid on the collaboration of archaeologists with archaeological scientists in an attempt to study ancient 'trade' by welding together more traditional approaches (textual evidence, typology, distribution of artefacts, tomb paintings, underwater archaeology, etc.) with scientific studies of the provenance of ceramics and metals and of the organic contents of vessels. The work involves colleagues in Cambridge, Athens, London, Manchester and Oxford. A major aspect of Bronze Age trade was probably that in metals such as copper, silver, lead and gold. Though it has long been a goal for archaeological science to find a way to establish the ore sources that supplied the metal for particular archaeological objects, it has been only in the past ten years that success has come through the application of comparative lead isotope analyses of ores and artefacts. The contribution of these and other archaeometallurgical methods to the aims of the British Academy project are outlined in this paper. 1. The British Academy Project In the context of new developments in archaeological science our topic has double relevance. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111020177"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111020177/The_Lead_Ingots_from_the_Wreck_of_theZuiddorp_1712_Western_Australia_a_report_on_their_provenance_and_manufacture"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Lead Ingots from the Wreck of theZuiddorp(1712), Western Australia: a report on their provenance and manufacture" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111020177/The_Lead_Ingots_from_the_Wreck_of_theZuiddorp_1712_Western_Australia_a_report_on_their_provenance_and_manufacture">The Lead Ingots from the Wreck of theZuiddorp(1712), Western Australia: a report on their provenance and manufacture</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Nautical Archaeology</span><span>, Sep 25, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">ABSTRACT The Dutch United East India Company ship Zuiddorp vanished on its way to Batavia in 1712...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">ABSTRACT The Dutch United East India Company ship Zuiddorp vanished on its way to Batavia in 1712 – its last port of call was the Cape of Good Hope. After its wreck was found on the Western Australian coast, archaeological investigations resulted in the retrieval of 21 lead ingots. Recent study of this artefact assemblage, comprising both great pigs and pieces, suggests that they were of north English origin. Historical records indicate that the Dutch procured large quantities of lead from English sources and maritime trade links between English and Dutch ports were well established at the beginning of the 18th century. © 2012 The Authors</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111020177"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111020177"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020177; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111020177]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111020177]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020177; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111020177']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 111020177, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111020177]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111020177,"title":"The Lead Ingots from the Wreck of theZuiddorp(1712), Western Australia: a report on their provenance and manufacture","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Dutch United East India Company ship Zuiddorp vanished on its way to Batavia in 1712 – its last port of call was the Cape of Good Hope. 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Gale and Zofia A. Stos-Gale Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, 1 Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PR, England ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111020176"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111020176"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020176; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111020176]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111020176]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020176; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111020176']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 111020176, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111020176]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111020176,"title":"Bronze Age Archaeometallurgy of the Mediterranean: The Impact of Lead Isotope Studies","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Page 1. 9 Bronze Age Archaeometallurgy of the Mediterranean: The Impact of Lead Isotope Studies Noël H . 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This is despite the same area providing abundant evidence of prehistoric metallurgy including casting moulds, tuyeres or crucibles. The concentration of prehistoric sites in parts of the Sudety Mountains (in particular a region called Pogórze Kaczawskie) rich in copper ores and far from arable land may also indicate prehistoric prospection activities in this area in the search for raw materials. In this paper, we discuss the issue of the provenance of the metal used in SW Poland, an area where metallurgy-related items dated to the Urnfield period (ca. 1300–500/450 BC) are most numerous. Our study utilises historical evidence of pre-modern mining, GIS analysis of prehistoric sites, and lead isotopic analyses conducted on bronze (n=35) and lead (n=1) artefacts found near the coppe...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2529c225c42a1d75c2cfe6dc244e24c8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108656383,"asset_id":111020175,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108656383/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NDQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111020175"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111020175"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020175; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111020175]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111020175]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020175; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111020175']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 111020175, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "2529c225c42a1d75c2cfe6dc244e24c8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111020175]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111020175,"title":"Question of local exploitation of copper ore deposits in the Urnfield time in Poland","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Despite rich deposits of copper in SW Poland, their exploitation in prehistory has not been confirmed, and in the literature it is usually argued that raw materials processed in the Bronze Age were imported. This is despite the same area providing abundant evidence of prehistoric metallurgy including casting moulds, tuyeres or crucibles. The concentration of prehistoric sites in parts of the Sudety Mountains (in particular a region called Pogórze Kaczawskie) rich in copper ores and far from arable land may also indicate prehistoric prospection activities in this area in the search for raw materials. In this paper, we discuss the issue of the provenance of the metal used in SW Poland, an area where metallurgy-related items dated to the Urnfield period (ca. 1300–500/450 BC) are most numerous. Our study utilises historical evidence of pre-modern mining, GIS analysis of prehistoric sites, and lead isotopic analyses conducted on bronze (n=35) and lead (n=1) artefacts found near the coppe...","publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","publication_name":"Frontiers in Earth Science"},"translated_abstract":"Despite rich deposits of copper in SW Poland, their exploitation in prehistory has not been confirmed, and in the literature it is usually argued that raw materials processed in the Bronze Age were imported. This is despite the same area providing abundant evidence of prehistoric metallurgy including casting moulds, tuyeres or crucibles. The concentration of prehistoric sites in parts of the Sudety Mountains (in particular a region called Pogórze Kaczawskie) rich in copper ores and far from arable land may also indicate prehistoric prospection activities in this area in the search for raw materials. In this paper, we discuss the issue of the provenance of the metal used in SW Poland, an area where metallurgy-related items dated to the Urnfield period (ca. 1300–500/450 BC) are most numerous. Our study utilises historical evidence of pre-modern mining, GIS analysis of prehistoric sites, and lead isotopic analyses conducted on bronze (n=35) and lead (n=1) artefacts found near the coppe...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111020175/Question_of_local_exploitation_of_copper_ore_deposits_in_the_Urnfield_time_in_Poland","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-12-10T00:06:56.365-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2628582,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":108656383,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108656383/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108656383/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NDQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Question_of_local_exploitation_of_copper.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108656383/pdf-libre.pdf?1702198428=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DQuestion_of_local_exploitation_of_copper.pdf\u0026Expires=1732798023\u0026Signature=Hj9mSrw~foTUvewJwfIXdVfU4z~Oi9mIZDpajjS~hQzE7geuqtUrEA5NNU3y7LJumnk~8lAH2jsjdFEGJGROuuFfVknN-uqNnxuyJneNS44fU~a~6vY8dGY7lYJn0ndMYwNKfRAk~gBpv1bgwHTlRoM15e9Y8HPmCc5z4sJ2555vKSVpLDPiF6IkNaMcAQXUrx7xkjrzel5ZDS~aaLWFTnNo7a0xwdQRMEqnz8nYIpNXAC3qPQxzUBKX6QiU-lNMqqESEfkFC80kfh8q3a94ZT8UjmxZk0DVS2px0c-8nZXuz9yaAw0nEE4vnXsqSF0Cxqo4XSJDrvjJ6jUVfL~aCQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Question_of_local_exploitation_of_copper_ore_deposits_in_the_Urnfield_time_in_Poland","translated_slug":"","page_count":27,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":2628582,"first_name":"Zofia","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Stos-Gale","page_name":"ZofiaStosGale","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2012-10-09T23:49:11.862-07:00","display_name":"Zofia Stos-Gale","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ZofiaStosGale"},"attachments":[{"id":108656383,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108656383/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108656383/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NDQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Question_of_local_exploitation_of_copper.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108656383/pdf-libre.pdf?1702198428=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DQuestion_of_local_exploitation_of_copper.pdf\u0026Expires=1732798023\u0026Signature=Hj9mSrw~foTUvewJwfIXdVfU4z~Oi9mIZDpajjS~hQzE7geuqtUrEA5NNU3y7LJumnk~8lAH2jsjdFEGJGROuuFfVknN-uqNnxuyJneNS44fU~a~6vY8dGY7lYJn0ndMYwNKfRAk~gBpv1bgwHTlRoM15e9Y8HPmCc5z4sJ2555vKSVpLDPiF6IkNaMcAQXUrx7xkjrzel5ZDS~aaLWFTnNo7a0xwdQRMEqnz8nYIpNXAC3qPQxzUBKX6QiU-lNMqqESEfkFC80kfh8q3a94ZT8UjmxZk0DVS2px0c-8nZXuz9yaAw0nEE4vnXsqSF0Cxqo4XSJDrvjJ6jUVfL~aCQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology"},{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology"},{"id":3316,"name":"Archaeological Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeological_Science"},{"id":10477,"name":"Provenance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Provenance"},{"id":12523,"name":"Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age_Europe_Archaeology_"},{"id":34817,"name":"Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistory"},{"id":58724,"name":"Bronze Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age"},{"id":92948,"name":"Bronze","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze"},{"id":99198,"name":"Chalcolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chalcolithic"},{"id":116578,"name":"Smelting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Smelting"},{"id":117691,"name":"Archeometallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archeometallurgy"}],"urls":[{"id":36787697,"url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2023.1184949/full"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111020174"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111020174/The_origin_of_Neolithic_copper_on_the_central_Northern_European_plain_and_in_Southern_Scandinavia_Connectivities_on_a_European_scale"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The origin of Neolithic copper on the central Northern European plain and in Southern Scandinavia: Connectivities on a European scale" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108656380/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111020174/The_origin_of_Neolithic_copper_on_the_central_Northern_European_plain_and_in_Southern_Scandinavia_Connectivities_on_a_European_scale">The origin of Neolithic copper on the central Northern European plain and in Southern Scandinavia: Connectivities on a European scale</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PLOS ONE</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The production, distribution and use of copper objects and the development of metallurgical skill...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The production, distribution and use of copper objects and the development of metallurgical skills in Neolithic Northern Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia are linked to early centres of copper metallurgy of South East Central Europe and Southeast Europe. A total of 45 Neolithic copper objects, until now the largest sample of Early Neolithic objects from the Northern Central European Plain and Southern Scandinavia, were selected for new lead isotope analyses. They aided in the identification of the origin of the copper: These new analyses indicate that the copper ore deposits in Southeastern Europe, especially from the Serbian mining areas, were used for the Early Neolithic northern artefacts (ca. 4100–3300 BC). The most likely sources of copper for the few Middle Neolithic artefacts (ca. 3300–2800 BC) seem to be from the Slovak Ore Mountains, the Serbian mining areas and the Eastern Alps, whereas deposits of the Slovak Ore Mountains and the Alpine region were used for the Late...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="abc6475b2561514a0b0fd38d0b22df1a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108656380,"asset_id":111020174,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108656380/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NDQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111020174"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111020174"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020174; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111020174]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111020174]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020174; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111020174']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 111020174, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "abc6475b2561514a0b0fd38d0b22df1a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111020174]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111020174,"title":"The origin of Neolithic copper on the central Northern European plain and in Southern Scandinavia: Connectivities on a European scale","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The production, distribution and use of copper objects and the development of metallurgical skills in Neolithic Northern Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia are linked to early centres of copper metallurgy of South East Central Europe and Southeast Europe. A total of 45 Neolithic copper objects, until now the largest sample of Early Neolithic objects from the Northern Central European Plain and Southern Scandinavia, were selected for new lead isotope analyses. They aided in the identification of the origin of the copper: These new analyses indicate that the copper ore deposits in Southeastern Europe, especially from the Serbian mining areas, were used for the Early Neolithic northern artefacts (ca. 4100–3300 BC). The most likely sources of copper for the few Middle Neolithic artefacts (ca. 3300–2800 BC) seem to be from the Slovak Ore Mountains, the Serbian mining areas and the Eastern Alps, whereas deposits of the Slovak Ore Mountains and the Alpine region were used for the Late...","publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","publication_name":"PLOS ONE"},"translated_abstract":"The production, distribution and use of copper objects and the development of metallurgical skills in Neolithic Northern Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia are linked to early centres of copper metallurgy of South East Central Europe and Southeast Europe. A total of 45 Neolithic copper objects, until now the largest sample of Early Neolithic objects from the Northern Central European Plain and Southern Scandinavia, were selected for new lead isotope analyses. They aided in the identification of the origin of the copper: These new analyses indicate that the copper ore deposits in Southeastern Europe, especially from the Serbian mining areas, were used for the Early Neolithic northern artefacts (ca. 4100–3300 BC). The most likely sources of copper for the few Middle Neolithic artefacts (ca. 3300–2800 BC) seem to be from the Slovak Ore Mountains, the Serbian mining areas and the Eastern Alps, whereas deposits of the Slovak Ore Mountains and the Alpine region were used for the Late...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111020174/The_origin_of_Neolithic_copper_on_the_central_Northern_European_plain_and_in_Southern_Scandinavia_Connectivities_on_a_European_scale","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-12-10T00:06:56.152-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2628582,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":108656380,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108656380/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"journal.pone.0283007.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108656380/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NDQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_origin_of_Neolithic_copper_on_the_ce.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108656380/journal.pone.0283007-libre.pdf?1702198433=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_origin_of_Neolithic_copper_on_the_ce.pdf\u0026Expires=1732798023\u0026Signature=D9C7Vi~hOKdiUsQXYcAh-11ZGcL0MQPQ-~knA6eqw60T7oKzq0ApE9vnfTtSDFHSX1BoiEojFXwwErheO89pwXzVLwaQvDaiDY3uYN6AAksioPuzR5g4zi6VDMQiHEry8b0O0-dxZU8qFmBil4UcwI39s4Qc~MAPFeyAIq~vJ4iLJeu3vuU1cvGIwDxHgkvpboYXvvYStPhQVjcaBtgzEPyGC-8bf4QxMBdRFJDx5gn5~U5oQifOdFHi-CRec~D1nq03HQ6fOCJXmxN0H6KXW2s-nw0RxEKXo~C2XF22yO1fRc2dMV7Wfc4z8-ADmYgBHmos9jdPeHEU3SM2ki2FNg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_origin_of_Neolithic_copper_on_the_central_Northern_European_plain_and_in_Southern_Scandinavia_Connectivities_on_a_European_scale","translated_slug":"","page_count":30,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":2628582,"first_name":"Zofia","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Stos-Gale","page_name":"ZofiaStosGale","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2012-10-09T23:49:11.862-07:00","display_name":"Zofia Stos-Gale","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ZofiaStosGale"},"attachments":[{"id":108656380,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108656380/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"journal.pone.0283007.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108656380/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NDQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_origin_of_Neolithic_copper_on_the_ce.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108656380/journal.pone.0283007-libre.pdf?1702198433=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_origin_of_Neolithic_copper_on_the_ce.pdf\u0026Expires=1732798023\u0026Signature=D9C7Vi~hOKdiUsQXYcAh-11ZGcL0MQPQ-~knA6eqw60T7oKzq0ApE9vnfTtSDFHSX1BoiEojFXwwErheO89pwXzVLwaQvDaiDY3uYN6AAksioPuzR5g4zi6VDMQiHEry8b0O0-dxZU8qFmBil4UcwI39s4Qc~MAPFeyAIq~vJ4iLJeu3vuU1cvGIwDxHgkvpboYXvvYStPhQVjcaBtgzEPyGC-8bf4QxMBdRFJDx5gn5~U5oQifOdFHi-CRec~D1nq03HQ6fOCJXmxN0H6KXW2s-nw0RxEKXo~C2XF22yO1fRc2dMV7Wfc4z8-ADmYgBHmos9jdPeHEU3SM2ki2FNg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography"},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology"},{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology"},{"id":6126,"name":"Serbian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serbian"},{"id":6309,"name":"Metallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metallurgy"},{"id":11199,"name":"Neolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology"},{"id":26086,"name":"Neolithic Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Europe"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary"},{"id":34817,"name":"Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistory"},{"id":99198,"name":"Chalcolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chalcolithic"},{"id":220780,"name":"PLoS one","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PLoS_one"},{"id":338022,"name":"Archaeometallurgy of Copper","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeometallurgy_of_Copper"},{"id":426742,"name":"Copper Mining","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Copper_Mining"},{"id":798303,"name":"Neolithic Scandinavia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Scandinavia"}],"urls":[{"id":36787696,"url":"https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283007"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111020173"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111020173/A_complex_case_of_trade_in_metals_The_origin_of_copper_used_for_artefacts_found_in_one_hoard_from_a_Late_Bronze_Age_Lusatian_Urnfield_Culture_in_Poland"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A complex case of trade in metals: The origin of copper used for artefacts found in one hoard from a Late Bronze Age Lusatian Urnfield Culture in Poland" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111020173/A_complex_case_of_trade_in_metals_The_origin_of_copper_used_for_artefacts_found_in_one_hoard_from_a_Late_Bronze_Age_Lusatian_Urnfield_Culture_in_Poland">A complex case of trade in metals: The origin of copper used for artefacts found in one hoard from a Late Bronze Age Lusatian Urnfield Culture in Poland</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Metal artefacts from Bronze Age hoards have routinely been used to study interregional contacts. ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Metal artefacts from Bronze Age hoards have routinely been used to study interregional contacts. Their stylistic and typological features helped distinguish local products and imports by appearance. In the last 40 years, combined lead isotope and chemical analyses of metals have been widely applied to verify hypotheses based on style and typology. This paper is a comprehensive typological and analytical study of a metal item hoard discovered in Paszowice, SW Poland. In the Bronze Age, the area was inhabited by the Lusatian Urnfield culture (ca. 1350/1300-800/750 BC) communities. We expected that at least some of the artefacts would be local products fashioned according to foreign stylistic patterns. The research aimed to determine whether a &amp;#39;classical&amp;#39; stylistic analysis combined with provenance studies of metals would allow more decisive conclusions. This combination of methods could also show how the metal reached the Lusatian Urnfield culture settlement zone. We conducted a detailed typological and chronological analysis to map the distribution of similar artefact types. It demonstrated that stylistic matches for the artefacts from Paszowice occur mainly in NE Hungary, S Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Romania. Selected metal artefacts (both tin bronze items and raw copper objects) from Paszowice were also analysed for their chemical (EPMA) and lead isotope (MC ICP MS) compositions. The study revealed many copper sources used for their production, ranging from the nearest copper mines in the Slovak Ore Mountains, through Eastern Alps and mines in Sardinia, to possibly the Iberian Peninsula. In this way, we identified the potential trade routes by which metal could get to SW Poland: the southwestern and southeastern routes and the Mediterranean-Danube route. The Iberian metal might have also reached the study area from the norththrough its redistribution by Scandinavian traders. Our results show that metal from many sources circulated in central Europe during the Late Bronze Age. The Lusatian Urnfield communities were part of a pan-European exchange network and maintained extensive long-distance contacts, allowing metal acquisition from various sources.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111020173"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111020173"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020173; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111020173]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111020173]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020173; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111020173']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 111020173, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111020173]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111020173,"title":"A complex case of trade in metals: The origin of copper used for artefacts found in one hoard from a Late Bronze Age Lusatian Urnfield Culture in Poland","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Metal artefacts from Bronze Age hoards have routinely been used to study interregional contacts. Their stylistic and typological features helped distinguish local products and imports by appearance. In the last 40 years, combined lead isotope and chemical analyses of metals have been widely applied to verify hypotheses based on style and typology. This paper is a comprehensive typological and analytical study of a metal item hoard discovered in Paszowice, SW Poland. In the Bronze Age, the area was inhabited by the Lusatian Urnfield culture (ca. 1350/1300-800/750 BC) communities. We expected that at least some of the artefacts would be local products fashioned according to foreign stylistic patterns. The research aimed to determine whether a \u0026amp;#39;classical\u0026amp;#39; stylistic analysis combined with provenance studies of metals would allow more decisive conclusions. This combination of methods could also show how the metal reached the Lusatian Urnfield culture settlement zone. We conducted a detailed typological and chronological analysis to map the distribution of similar artefact types. It demonstrated that stylistic matches for the artefacts from Paszowice occur mainly in NE Hungary, S Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Romania. Selected metal artefacts (both tin bronze items and raw copper objects) from Paszowice were also analysed for their chemical (EPMA) and lead isotope (MC ICP MS) compositions. The study revealed many copper sources used for their production, ranging from the nearest copper mines in the Slovak Ore Mountains, through Eastern Alps and mines in Sardinia, to possibly the Iberian Peninsula. In this way, we identified the potential trade routes by which metal could get to SW Poland: the southwestern and southeastern routes and the Mediterranean-Danube route. The Iberian metal might have also reached the study area from the norththrough its redistribution by Scandinavian traders. Our results show that metal from many sources circulated in central Europe during the Late Bronze Age. The Lusatian Urnfield communities were part of a pan-European exchange network and maintained extensive long-distance contacts, allowing metal acquisition from various sources.","publisher":"Elsevier BV","publication_name":"Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports"},"translated_abstract":"Metal artefacts from Bronze Age hoards have routinely been used to study interregional contacts. Their stylistic and typological features helped distinguish local products and imports by appearance. In the last 40 years, combined lead isotope and chemical analyses of metals have been widely applied to verify hypotheses based on style and typology. This paper is a comprehensive typological and analytical study of a metal item hoard discovered in Paszowice, SW Poland. In the Bronze Age, the area was inhabited by the Lusatian Urnfield culture (ca. 1350/1300-800/750 BC) communities. We expected that at least some of the artefacts would be local products fashioned according to foreign stylistic patterns. The research aimed to determine whether a \u0026amp;#39;classical\u0026amp;#39; stylistic analysis combined with provenance studies of metals would allow more decisive conclusions. This combination of methods could also show how the metal reached the Lusatian Urnfield culture settlement zone. We conducted a detailed typological and chronological analysis to map the distribution of similar artefact types. It demonstrated that stylistic matches for the artefacts from Paszowice occur mainly in NE Hungary, S Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Romania. Selected metal artefacts (both tin bronze items and raw copper objects) from Paszowice were also analysed for their chemical (EPMA) and lead isotope (MC ICP MS) compositions. The study revealed many copper sources used for their production, ranging from the nearest copper mines in the Slovak Ore Mountains, through Eastern Alps and mines in Sardinia, to possibly the Iberian Peninsula. In this way, we identified the potential trade routes by which metal could get to SW Poland: the southwestern and southeastern routes and the Mediterranean-Danube route. The Iberian metal might have also reached the study area from the norththrough its redistribution by Scandinavian traders. Our results show that metal from many sources circulated in central Europe during the Late Bronze Age. The Lusatian Urnfield communities were part of a pan-European exchange network and maintained extensive long-distance contacts, allowing metal acquisition from various sources.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111020173/A_complex_case_of_trade_in_metals_The_origin_of_copper_used_for_artefacts_found_in_one_hoard_from_a_Late_Bronze_Age_Lusatian_Urnfield_Culture_in_Poland","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-12-10T00:06:55.939-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2628582,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"A_complex_case_of_trade_in_metals_The_origin_of_copper_used_for_artefacts_found_in_one_hoard_from_a_Late_Bronze_Age_Lusatian_Urnfield_Culture_in_Poland","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":2628582,"first_name":"Zofia","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Stos-Gale","page_name":"ZofiaStosGale","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2012-10-09T23:49:11.862-07:00","display_name":"Zofia Stos-Gale","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ZofiaStosGale"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology"},{"id":12523,"name":"Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age_Europe_Archaeology_"},{"id":58424,"name":"Hoard","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hoard"},{"id":58724,"name":"Bronze Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age"},{"id":80692,"name":"Copper","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Copper"},{"id":92948,"name":"Bronze","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze"},{"id":99198,"name":"Chalcolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chalcolithic"},{"id":127381,"name":"Metalurgia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metalurgia"},{"id":1281834,"name":"Copper Metalurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Copper_Metalurgy"}],"urls":[{"id":36787695,"url":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S2352409X23001451?httpAccept=text/xml"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111020172"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111020172/Isotopes"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Isotopes" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108656382/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111020172/Isotopes">Isotopes</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Encyclopedia of Archaeological Sciences</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7b17647c8376e423404fbbcacc2f792d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108656382,"asset_id":111020172,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108656382/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NDQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111020172"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111020172"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020172; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7b17647c8376e423404fbbcacc2f792d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111020172]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111020172,"title":"Isotopes","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons, Inc.","publication_name":"The Encyclopedia of Archaeological Sciences"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111020172/Isotopes","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-12-10T00:06:55.725-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2628582,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":108656382,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108656382/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Isotopes.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108656382/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NDQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Isotopes.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108656382/Isotopes-libre.pdf?1702198408=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIsotopes.pdf\u0026Expires=1732798023\u0026Signature=XMHnykACQDQQgRkPpVYtXuGB0~iBtApeGdAxXg1s9RKAZ5YWMjMgbcSQdafTT7Q2jQPVQXoEmrvfMJ3GiAwXBza4WJyuq-Guv0yfFUWzVofGy~AeiPVOMCzlqQCUqkxDji5w-5xPxqkzA0Fp6leJUsOAeU6Lbkr9qtDFsW722ykTkIuvAk8U69JAhQjwaMd-j81Vw~i67fUzXQUwmkwozO55EvWX~5DFubaq9bec4Mm1Mj8IVo449Nth9CvkCiOOv1HbkAPisZv9BD8fd2WEUgCeV42F97et1frqGkpc8MMgo7PkTUHiG7TWaOGLlyTcdpga8wQbPdWc1wIdDI0NUg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Isotopes","translated_slug":"","page_count":1,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":2628582,"first_name":"Zofia","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Stos-Gale","page_name":"ZofiaStosGale","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2012-10-09T23:49:11.862-07:00","display_name":"Zofia Stos-Gale","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ZofiaStosGale"},"attachments":[{"id":108656382,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108656382/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Isotopes.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108656382/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NDQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Isotopes.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108656382/Isotopes-libre.pdf?1702198408=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIsotopes.pdf\u0026Expires=1732798023\u0026Signature=XMHnykACQDQQgRkPpVYtXuGB0~iBtApeGdAxXg1s9RKAZ5YWMjMgbcSQdafTT7Q2jQPVQXoEmrvfMJ3GiAwXBza4WJyuq-Guv0yfFUWzVofGy~AeiPVOMCzlqQCUqkxDji5w-5xPxqkzA0Fp6leJUsOAeU6Lbkr9qtDFsW722ykTkIuvAk8U69JAhQjwaMd-j81Vw~i67fUzXQUwmkwozO55EvWX~5DFubaq9bec4Mm1Mj8IVo449Nth9CvkCiOOv1HbkAPisZv9BD8fd2WEUgCeV42F97et1frqGkpc8MMgo7PkTUHiG7TWaOGLlyTcdpga8wQbPdWc1wIdDI0NUg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[{"id":36787694,"url":"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/9781119188230.saseas0335/fullpdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111020171"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111020171/Croatian_Apoxiomenos_Metal_Composition_and_Lead_Provenance_Study"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Croatian Apoxiomenos – Metal Composition and Lead Provenance Study" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111020171/Croatian_Apoxiomenos_Metal_Composition_and_Lead_Provenance_Study">Croatian Apoxiomenos – Metal Composition and Lead Provenance Study</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A bronze statue of the athlete with a strigil - the Apoxiomenos - was discovered at the seabed of...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A bronze statue of the athlete with a strigil - the Apoxiomenos - was discovered at the seabed of the North Adriatic in 1999. The statue was complete, with the majority of the surface being covered with a layer of corrosion products and substantial quantities of organic limestone. These deposits protected the bronze from electro-chemical deterioration, although the back of the statue, which was buried in the sand, was to a large extent corroded. After the slow desalination process, the restoration and conservation process started in October 2000, as a joint project between Croatian Conservation Institute (HRZ), Zagreb and Opificio delle Pietre Dure (OPD), Florence. OPD has also performed comprehensive investigations of the statue by many physical and chemical methods [1]. The restoration process was completed in 2005 when the statue was exhibited for the first time. Among the large number of analyses performed during restoration by OPD [1], probably the most important was 14C AMS ca...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111020171"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111020171"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020171; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111020171]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111020171]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020171; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111020171']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 111020171, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111020171]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111020171,"title":"Croatian Apoxiomenos – Metal Composition and Lead Provenance Study","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"A bronze statue of the athlete with a strigil - the Apoxiomenos - was discovered at the seabed of the North Adriatic in 1999. The statue was complete, with the majority of the surface being covered with a layer of corrosion products and substantial quantities of organic limestone. These deposits protected the bronze from electro-chemical deterioration, although the back of the statue, which was buried in the sand, was to a large extent corroded. After the slow desalination process, the restoration and conservation process started in October 2000, as a joint project between Croatian Conservation Institute (HRZ), Zagreb and Opificio delle Pietre Dure (OPD), Florence. OPD has also performed comprehensive investigations of the statue by many physical and chemical methods [1]. The restoration process was completed in 2005 when the statue was exhibited for the first time. Among the large number of analyses performed during restoration by OPD [1], probably the most important was 14C AMS ca...","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2009,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"A bronze statue of the athlete with a strigil - the Apoxiomenos - was discovered at the seabed of the North Adriatic in 1999. The statue was complete, with the majority of the surface being covered with a layer of corrosion products and substantial quantities of organic limestone. These deposits protected the bronze from electro-chemical deterioration, although the back of the statue, which was buried in the sand, was to a large extent corroded. After the slow desalination process, the restoration and conservation process started in October 2000, as a joint project between Croatian Conservation Institute (HRZ), Zagreb and Opificio delle Pietre Dure (OPD), Florence. OPD has also performed comprehensive investigations of the statue by many physical and chemical methods [1]. The restoration process was completed in 2005 when the statue was exhibited for the first time. 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The extraction and supply of raw materials is a main driving force in global trade today, but has also profoundly influenced human economic and cultural history. In order to elucidate the importance of mineral ores in pre-modern societies, PhD students and staff at the Leibniz graduate school “Raw Materials, Innovation and Technology of Ancient Cultures” [RITaK] – a co-operation between the German Mining Museum [Deutsches Bergbau-Museum, DBM] and the Ruhr-University Bochum [RUB] – were involved in interdisciplinary research. This publication contains the results of the international RITaK end-of-project conference, held from the 27th-29th of September, as well as contributions to the RITaK workshop “Perspectives for an Economic Archaeology”, held on the 22nd and 23rd of November 2013. 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Tracing the provenance of the metal raw material using casting moulds" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111020196/The_Late_Bronze_Age_metallurgists_graves_in_south_western_Poland_Tracing_the_provenance_of_the_metal_raw_material_using_casting_moulds">The Late Bronze Age 'metallurgists' graves’ in south-western Poland. Tracing the provenance of the metal raw material using casting moulds</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports</span><span>, Apr 1, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111020196"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111020196"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020196; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111020196]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111020196]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020196; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111020196']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 111020196, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111020196]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111020196,"title":"The Late Bronze Age 'metallurgists' graves’ in south-western Poland. 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Nuragic Sardinia and the Mycenaean World" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111020192/Oxhide_Ingots_from_Sardinia_Crete_and_Cyprus_and_the_Bronze_Age_Copper_Trade_New_Scientific_Evidence_in_Studies_in_Sardinian_Archaeology_III_Nuragic_Sardinia_and_the_Mycenaean_World">Oxhide Ingots from Sardinia, Crete and Cyprus and the Bronze Age Copper Trade : New Scientific Evidence in Studies in Sardinian Archaeology III. Nuragic Sardinia and the Mycenaean World</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">... Titre du document / Document title. Oxhide Ingots from Sardinia, Crete and Cyprus and the Bro...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">... Titre du document / Document title. Oxhide Ingots from Sardinia, Crete and Cyprus and the BronzeAge Copper Trade : New Scientific Evidence in Studies in Sardinian Archaeology III. Nuragic Sardinia and the Mycenaean World. Auteur(s) / Author(s). GALE N. ; STOS-GALE ZA ; ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111020192"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111020192"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020192; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111020192]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111020192]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020192; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111020192']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 111020192, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111020192]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111020192,"title":"Oxhide Ingots from Sardinia, Crete and Cyprus and the Bronze Age Copper Trade : New Scientific Evidence in Studies in Sardinian Archaeology III. 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GALE N. ; STOS-GALE ZA ; ...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111020192/Oxhide_Ingots_from_Sardinia_Crete_and_Cyprus_and_the_Bronze_Age_Copper_Trade_New_Scientific_Evidence_in_Studies_in_Sardinian_Archaeology_III_Nuragic_Sardinia_and_the_Mycenaean_World","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-12-10T00:06:59.509-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2628582,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Oxhide_Ingots_from_Sardinia_Crete_and_Cyprus_and_the_Bronze_Age_Copper_Trade_New_Scientific_Evidence_in_Studies_in_Sardinian_Archaeology_III_Nuragic_Sardinia_and_the_Mycenaean_World","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":2628582,"first_name":"Zofia","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Stos-Gale","page_name":"ZofiaStosGale","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2012-10-09T23:49:11.862-07:00","display_name":"Zofia Stos-Gale","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ZofiaStosGale"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History"},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology"},{"id":58724,"name":"Bronze Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age"},{"id":92948,"name":"Bronze","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze"},{"id":99198,"name":"Chalcolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chalcolithic"}],"urls":[{"id":36787714,"url":"https://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail\u0026idt=11853327"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111020189"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111020189/The_Origin_of_Metals_from_the_Roman_Period_Levels_of_a_Site_in_Southern_Poland"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Origin of Metals from the Roman-Period Levels of a Site in Southern Poland" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111020189/The_Origin_of_Metals_from_the_Roman_Period_Levels_of_a_Site_in_Southern_Poland">The Origin of Metals from the Roman-Period Levels of a Site in Southern Poland</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of European archaeology</span><span>, Sep 1, 1993</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">AbstractIn Bronze-Age Mediterranean archaeology, lead isotope provenance studies of metals have p...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">AbstractIn Bronze-Age Mediterranean archaeology, lead isotope provenance studies of metals have provided otherwise unavailable information about metal mining and smelting centres and the trade of metals. There is no similar scientific information about base non-ferrous metals in Europe in the Roman period, but a considerable body of written and archaeological evidence of Roman mining and smelting exists. Less in known about the origin of metal supplies for metal smithing workshops outside the Romans empire. This paper summarises the results of the first attempt at finding the mineral sources of such metals using compositional (XRF) and lead isotope analyses.From the settlement of Jakuszowice in southern Poland, a group of base metals dated to AD 200–400 was analysed and the results compared with lead isotope &#39;fingerprints&#39; of ores and some Gallo-Roman bronzes published previously. The finds from Jakuszowice include numerous imported artefacts, such as Roman coins and glass beads, which indicate links with...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111020189"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111020189"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020189; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111020189]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111020189]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020189; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111020189']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 111020189, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111020189]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111020189,"title":"The Origin of Metals from the Roman-Period Levels of a Site in Southern Poland","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"AbstractIn Bronze-Age Mediterranean archaeology, lead isotope provenance studies of metals have provided otherwise unavailable information about metal mining and smelting centres and the trade of metals. There is no similar scientific information about base non-ferrous metals in Europe in the Roman period, but a considerable body of written and archaeological evidence of Roman mining and smelting exists. Less in known about the origin of metal supplies for metal smithing workshops outside the Romans empire. This paper summarises the results of the first attempt at finding the mineral sources of such metals using compositional (XRF) and lead isotope analyses.From the settlement of Jakuszowice in southern Poland, a group of base metals dated to AD 200–400 was analysed and the results compared with lead isotope \u0026#39;fingerprints\u0026#39; of ores and some Gallo-Roman bronzes published previously. The finds from Jakuszowice include numerous imported artefacts, such as Roman coins and glass beads, which indicate links with...","publisher":"Maney Publishing","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":9,"year":1993,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of European archaeology"},"translated_abstract":"AbstractIn Bronze-Age Mediterranean archaeology, lead isotope provenance studies of metals have provided otherwise unavailable information about metal mining and smelting centres and the trade of metals. There is no similar scientific information about base non-ferrous metals in Europe in the Roman period, but a considerable body of written and archaeological evidence of Roman mining and smelting exists. Less in known about the origin of metal supplies for metal smithing workshops outside the Romans empire. This paper summarises the results of the first attempt at finding the mineral sources of such metals using compositional (XRF) and lead isotope analyses.From the settlement of Jakuszowice in southern Poland, a group of base metals dated to AD 200–400 was analysed and the results compared with lead isotope \u0026#39;fingerprints\u0026#39; of ores and some Gallo-Roman bronzes published previously. The finds from Jakuszowice include numerous imported artefacts, such as Roman coins and glass beads, which indicate links with...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111020189/The_Origin_of_Metals_from_the_Roman_Period_Levels_of_a_Site_in_Southern_Poland","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-12-10T00:06:58.911-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2628582,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"The_Origin_of_Metals_from_the_Roman_Period_Levels_of_a_Site_in_Southern_Poland","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":2628582,"first_name":"Zofia","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Stos-Gale","page_name":"ZofiaStosGale","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2012-10-09T23:49:11.862-07:00","display_name":"Zofia Stos-Gale","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ZofiaStosGale"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography"},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology"},{"id":10477,"name":"Provenance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Provenance"},{"id":23555,"name":"Roman Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Empire"},{"id":40409,"name":"European Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Archaeology"},{"id":58724,"name":"Bronze Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age"},{"id":92948,"name":"Bronze","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze"},{"id":116578,"name":"Smelting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Smelting"}],"urls":[{"id":36787709,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1179/096576693800719365"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111020186"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111020186/Sources_of_Galena_lead_and_silver_in_predynastic_Egypt"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Sources of Galena, lead and silver in predynastic Egypt" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111020186/Sources_of_Galena_lead_and_silver_in_predynastic_Egypt">Sources of Galena, lead and silver in predynastic Egypt</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Revue d'archéométrie</span><span>, 1981</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">La galene est attestee dans plusieurs sites predynastiques particulierement dans les tombes ou en...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">La galene est attestee dans plusieurs sites predynastiques particulierement dans les tombes ou ensevelissements, comme fard pour les yeux. Par contre le plomb apparait dans un seul contexte predynastique tandis que 26 objets d&#39;argent sont connus. ; Ces objets datant du 4eme millenaire sont parmi les temoins les plus anciens que nous connaissons pour l&#39;usage de ces metaux. L&#39;essentiel est de savoir s&#39;ils sont d&#39;origine locale ou bien s&#39;ils font partie d&#39;une importation de produit etranger. Onze galenes predynastiques furent examinees pour des analyses isotopiques ainsi qu&#39;un objet de plomb et un d&#39;argent ; on les compara aux analyses de galene provenant des depots du Desert Oriental et d&#39;Arabie. ; Les donnees archeologiques et geologiques ne nous permettent pas d&#39;etablir avec certitude si les depots egyptiens de galene contiennent de l&#39;argent ou non, ce qui pourrait bien eclairer leur provenance. En consequence des analyses d&#39;activite neutron ont ete faites sur les memes objets de plomb ainsi que sur ceux provenant de l&#39;Egypte predynastique. Les resultats de ces analyses sont traites.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111020186"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111020186"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020186; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111020186]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111020186]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020186; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111020186']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 111020186, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111020186]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111020186,"title":"Sources of Galena, lead and silver in predynastic Egypt","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"La galene est attestee dans plusieurs sites predynastiques particulierement dans les tombes ou ensevelissements, comme fard pour les yeux. Par contre le plomb apparait dans un seul contexte predynastique tandis que 26 objets d\u0026#39;argent sont connus. ; Ces objets datant du 4eme millenaire sont parmi les temoins les plus anciens que nous connaissons pour l\u0026#39;usage de ces metaux. L\u0026#39;essentiel est de savoir s\u0026#39;ils sont d\u0026#39;origine locale ou bien s\u0026#39;ils font partie d\u0026#39;une importation de produit etranger. Onze galenes predynastiques furent examinees pour des analyses isotopiques ainsi qu\u0026#39;un objet de plomb et un d\u0026#39;argent ; on les compara aux analyses de galene provenant des depots du Desert Oriental et d\u0026#39;Arabie. ; Les donnees archeologiques et geologiques ne nous permettent pas d\u0026#39;etablir avec certitude si les depots egyptiens de galene contiennent de l\u0026#39;argent ou non, ce qui pourrait bien eclairer leur provenance. En consequence des analyses d\u0026#39;activite neutron ont ete faites sur les memes objets de plomb ainsi que sur ceux provenant de l\u0026#39;Egypte predynastique. Les resultats de ces analyses sont traites.","publisher":"PERSEE Program","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1981,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Revue d'archéométrie"},"translated_abstract":"La galene est attestee dans plusieurs sites predynastiques particulierement dans les tombes ou ensevelissements, comme fard pour les yeux. Par contre le plomb apparait dans un seul contexte predynastique tandis que 26 objets d\u0026#39;argent sont connus. ; Ces objets datant du 4eme millenaire sont parmi les temoins les plus anciens que nous connaissons pour l\u0026#39;usage de ces metaux. L\u0026#39;essentiel est de savoir s\u0026#39;ils sont d\u0026#39;origine locale ou bien s\u0026#39;ils font partie d\u0026#39;une importation de produit etranger. Onze galenes predynastiques furent examinees pour des analyses isotopiques ainsi qu\u0026#39;un objet de plomb et un d\u0026#39;argent ; on les compara aux analyses de galene provenant des depots du Desert Oriental et d\u0026#39;Arabie. ; Les donnees archeologiques et geologiques ne nous permettent pas d\u0026#39;etablir avec certitude si les depots egyptiens de galene contiennent de l\u0026#39;argent ou non, ce qui pourrait bien eclairer leur provenance. En consequence des analyses d\u0026#39;activite neutron ont ete faites sur les memes objets de plomb ainsi que sur ceux provenant de l\u0026#39;Egypte predynastique. Les resultats de ces analyses sont traites.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111020186/Sources_of_Galena_lead_and_silver_in_predynastic_Egypt","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-12-10T00:06:58.412-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2628582,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Sources_of_Galena_lead_and_silver_in_predynastic_Egypt","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"fr","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":2628582,"first_name":"Zofia","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Stos-Gale","page_name":"ZofiaStosGale","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2012-10-09T23:49:11.862-07:00","display_name":"Zofia Stos-Gale","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ZofiaStosGale"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology"},{"id":1236,"name":"Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art"},{"id":713552,"name":"Galena","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Galena"}],"urls":[{"id":36787707,"url":"https://doi.org/10.3406/arsci.1981.1158"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111020183"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111020183/Chemical_analyses_of_some_sceattas_from_the_Southampton_excavations"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Chemical analyses of some sceattas from the Southampton excavations" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111020183/Chemical_analyses_of_some_sceattas_from_the_Southampton_excavations">Chemical analyses of some sceattas from the Southampton excavations</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Numismatic Chronicle</span><span>, 1982</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111020183"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111020183"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020183; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111020181"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111020181/Lead_Isotope_Studies_in_the_Aegean_The_British_Academy_Project_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Lead Isotope Studies in the Aegean (The British Academy Project)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108656381/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111020181/Lead_Isotope_Studies_in_the_Aegean_The_British_Academy_Project_">Lead Isotope Studies in the Aegean (The British Academy Project)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3b03649abd9c3cfb22ddee9a9c6cf419" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108656381,"asset_id":111020181,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108656381/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NDQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc5NDQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111020181"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111020181"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020181; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111020181]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111020181]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020181; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111020181']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 111020181, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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Within this project stress is laid on the collaboration of archaeologists with archaeological scientists in an attempt to study ancient 'trade' by welding together more traditional approaches (textual evidence, typology, distribution of artefacts, tomb paintings, underwater archaeology, etc.) with scientific studies of the provenance of ceramics and metals and of the organic contents of vessels. The work involves colleagues in Cambridge, Athens, London, Manchester and Oxford. A major aspect of Bronze Age trade was probably that in metals such as copper, silver, lead and gold. Though it has long been a goal for archaeological science to find a way to establish the ore sources that supplied the metal for particular archaeological objects, it has been only in the past ten years that success has come through the application of comparative lead isotope analyses of ores and artefacts. The contribution of these and other archaeometallurgical methods to the aims of the British Academy project are outlined in this paper. 1. The British Academy Project In the context of new developments in archaeological science our topic has double relevance. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111020177"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111020177/The_Lead_Ingots_from_the_Wreck_of_theZuiddorp_1712_Western_Australia_a_report_on_their_provenance_and_manufacture"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Lead Ingots from the Wreck of theZuiddorp(1712), Western Australia: a report on their provenance and manufacture" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111020177/The_Lead_Ingots_from_the_Wreck_of_theZuiddorp_1712_Western_Australia_a_report_on_their_provenance_and_manufacture">The Lead Ingots from the Wreck of theZuiddorp(1712), Western Australia: a report on their provenance and manufacture</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Nautical Archaeology</span><span>, Sep 25, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">ABSTRACT The Dutch United East India Company ship Zuiddorp vanished on its way to Batavia in 1712...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">ABSTRACT The Dutch United East India Company ship Zuiddorp vanished on its way to Batavia in 1712 – its last port of call was the Cape of Good Hope. 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Gale and Zofia A. Stos-Gale Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, 1 Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PR, England ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111020176"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111020176"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020176; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111020176]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111020176]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020176; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111020176']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 111020176, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111020176]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111020176,"title":"Bronze Age Archaeometallurgy of the Mediterranean: The Impact of Lead Isotope Studies","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Page 1. 9 Bronze Age Archaeometallurgy of the Mediterranean: The Impact of Lead Isotope Studies Noël H . 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Stos-Gale Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, 1 Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PR, England ...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111020176/Bronze_Age_Archaeometallurgy_of_the_Mediterranean_The_Impact_of_Lead_Isotope_Studies","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-12-10T00:06:56.565-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2628582,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Bronze_Age_Archaeometallurgy_of_the_Mediterranean_The_Impact_of_Lead_Isotope_Studies","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":2628582,"first_name":"Zofia","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Stos-Gale","page_name":"ZofiaStosGale","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2012-10-09T23:49:11.862-07:00","display_name":"Zofia Stos-Gale","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ZofiaStosGale"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology"},{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry"},{"id":58724,"name":"Bronze Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age"},{"id":92948,"name":"Bronze","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze"},{"id":466993,"name":"Confusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Confusion"},{"id":564368,"name":"Mediterranean Climate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean_Climate"}],"urls":[{"id":36787698,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ba-1988-0220.ch009"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111020175"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111020175/Question_of_local_exploitation_of_copper_ore_deposits_in_the_Urnfield_time_in_Poland"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Question of local exploitation of copper ore deposits in the Urnfield time in Poland" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108656383/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111020175/Question_of_local_exploitation_of_copper_ore_deposits_in_the_Urnfield_time_in_Poland">Question of local exploitation of copper ore deposits in the Urnfield time in Poland</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Frontiers in Earth Science</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Despite rich deposits of copper in SW Poland, their exploitation in prehistory has not been confi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Despite rich deposits of copper in SW Poland, their exploitation in prehistory has not been confirmed, and in the literature it is usually argued that raw materials processed in the Bronze Age were imported. This is despite the same area providing abundant evidence of prehistoric metallurgy including casting moulds, tuyeres or crucibles. The concentration of prehistoric sites in parts of the Sudety Mountains (in particular a region called Pogórze Kaczawskie) rich in copper ores and far from arable land may also indicate prehistoric prospection activities in this area in the search for raw materials. In this paper, we discuss the issue of the provenance of the metal used in SW Poland, an area where metallurgy-related items dated to the Urnfield period (ca. 1300–500/450 BC) are most numerous. Our study utilises historical evidence of pre-modern mining, GIS analysis of prehistoric sites, and lead isotopic analyses conducted on bronze (n=35) and lead (n=1) artefacts found near the coppe...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2529c225c42a1d75c2cfe6dc244e24c8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108656383,"asset_id":111020175,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108656383/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NDQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc5NDQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111020175"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111020175"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020175; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111020175]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111020175]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020175; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111020175']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 111020175, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "2529c225c42a1d75c2cfe6dc244e24c8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111020175]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111020175,"title":"Question of local exploitation of copper ore deposits in the Urnfield time in Poland","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Despite rich deposits of copper in SW Poland, their exploitation in prehistory has not been confirmed, and in the literature it is usually argued that raw materials processed in the Bronze Age were imported. 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Our study utilises historical evidence of pre-modern mining, GIS analysis of prehistoric sites, and lead isotopic analyses conducted on bronze (n=35) and lead (n=1) artefacts found near the coppe...","publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","publication_name":"Frontiers in Earth Science"},"translated_abstract":"Despite rich deposits of copper in SW Poland, their exploitation in prehistory has not been confirmed, and in the literature it is usually argued that raw materials processed in the Bronze Age were imported. This is despite the same area providing abundant evidence of prehistoric metallurgy including casting moulds, tuyeres or crucibles. The concentration of prehistoric sites in parts of the Sudety Mountains (in particular a region called Pogórze Kaczawskie) rich in copper ores and far from arable land may also indicate prehistoric prospection activities in this area in the search for raw materials. In this paper, we discuss the issue of the provenance of the metal used in SW Poland, an area where metallurgy-related items dated to the Urnfield period (ca. 1300–500/450 BC) are most numerous. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111020174"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111020174/The_origin_of_Neolithic_copper_on_the_central_Northern_European_plain_and_in_Southern_Scandinavia_Connectivities_on_a_European_scale"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The origin of Neolithic copper on the central Northern European plain and in Southern Scandinavia: Connectivities on a European scale" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108656380/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111020174/The_origin_of_Neolithic_copper_on_the_central_Northern_European_plain_and_in_Southern_Scandinavia_Connectivities_on_a_European_scale">The origin of Neolithic copper on the central Northern European plain and in Southern Scandinavia: Connectivities on a European scale</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PLOS ONE</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The production, distribution and use of copper objects and the development of metallurgical skill...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The production, distribution and use of copper objects and the development of metallurgical skills in Neolithic Northern Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia are linked to early centres of copper metallurgy of South East Central Europe and Southeast Europe. A total of 45 Neolithic copper objects, until now the largest sample of Early Neolithic objects from the Northern Central European Plain and Southern Scandinavia, were selected for new lead isotope analyses. They aided in the identification of the origin of the copper: These new analyses indicate that the copper ore deposits in Southeastern Europe, especially from the Serbian mining areas, were used for the Early Neolithic northern artefacts (ca. 4100–3300 BC). The most likely sources of copper for the few Middle Neolithic artefacts (ca. 3300–2800 BC) seem to be from the Slovak Ore Mountains, the Serbian mining areas and the Eastern Alps, whereas deposits of the Slovak Ore Mountains and the Alpine region were used for the Late...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="abc6475b2561514a0b0fd38d0b22df1a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108656380,"asset_id":111020174,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108656380/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NDQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc5NDQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111020174"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111020174"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020174; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111020174]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111020174]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020174; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111020174']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 111020174, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "abc6475b2561514a0b0fd38d0b22df1a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111020174]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111020174,"title":"The origin of Neolithic copper on the central Northern European plain and in Southern Scandinavia: Connectivities on a European scale","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The production, distribution and use of copper objects and the development of metallurgical skills in Neolithic Northern Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia are linked to early centres of copper metallurgy of South East Central Europe and Southeast Europe. A total of 45 Neolithic copper objects, until now the largest sample of Early Neolithic objects from the Northern Central European Plain and Southern Scandinavia, were selected for new lead isotope analyses. They aided in the identification of the origin of the copper: These new analyses indicate that the copper ore deposits in Southeastern Europe, especially from the Serbian mining areas, were used for the Early Neolithic northern artefacts (ca. 4100–3300 BC). The most likely sources of copper for the few Middle Neolithic artefacts (ca. 3300–2800 BC) seem to be from the Slovak Ore Mountains, the Serbian mining areas and the Eastern Alps, whereas deposits of the Slovak Ore Mountains and the Alpine region were used for the Late...","publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","publication_name":"PLOS ONE"},"translated_abstract":"The production, distribution and use of copper objects and the development of metallurgical skills in Neolithic Northern Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia are linked to early centres of copper metallurgy of South East Central Europe and Southeast Europe. A total of 45 Neolithic copper objects, until now the largest sample of Early Neolithic objects from the Northern Central European Plain and Southern Scandinavia, were selected for new lead isotope analyses. They aided in the identification of the origin of the copper: These new analyses indicate that the copper ore deposits in Southeastern Europe, especially from the Serbian mining areas, were used for the Early Neolithic northern artefacts (ca. 4100–3300 BC). The most likely sources of copper for the few Middle Neolithic artefacts (ca. 3300–2800 BC) seem to be from the Slovak Ore Mountains, the Serbian mining areas and the Eastern Alps, whereas deposits of the Slovak Ore Mountains and the Alpine region were used for the Late...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111020174/The_origin_of_Neolithic_copper_on_the_central_Northern_European_plain_and_in_Southern_Scandinavia_Connectivities_on_a_European_scale","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-12-10T00:06:56.152-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2628582,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":108656380,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108656380/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"journal.pone.0283007.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108656380/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NDQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc5NDQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_origin_of_Neolithic_copper_on_the_ce.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108656380/journal.pone.0283007-libre.pdf?1702198433=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_origin_of_Neolithic_copper_on_the_ce.pdf\u0026Expires=1732798023\u0026Signature=D9C7Vi~hOKdiUsQXYcAh-11ZGcL0MQPQ-~knA6eqw60T7oKzq0ApE9vnfTtSDFHSX1BoiEojFXwwErheO89pwXzVLwaQvDaiDY3uYN6AAksioPuzR5g4zi6VDMQiHEry8b0O0-dxZU8qFmBil4UcwI39s4Qc~MAPFeyAIq~vJ4iLJeu3vuU1cvGIwDxHgkvpboYXvvYStPhQVjcaBtgzEPyGC-8bf4QxMBdRFJDx5gn5~U5oQifOdFHi-CRec~D1nq03HQ6fOCJXmxN0H6KXW2s-nw0RxEKXo~C2XF22yO1fRc2dMV7Wfc4z8-ADmYgBHmos9jdPeHEU3SM2ki2FNg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_origin_of_Neolithic_copper_on_the_central_Northern_European_plain_and_in_Southern_Scandinavia_Connectivities_on_a_European_scale","translated_slug":"","page_count":30,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":2628582,"first_name":"Zofia","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Stos-Gale","page_name":"ZofiaStosGale","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2012-10-09T23:49:11.862-07:00","display_name":"Zofia Stos-Gale","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ZofiaStosGale"},"attachments":[{"id":108656380,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108656380/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"journal.pone.0283007.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108656380/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NDQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc5NDQyMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_origin_of_Neolithic_copper_on_the_ce.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108656380/journal.pone.0283007-libre.pdf?1702198433=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_origin_of_Neolithic_copper_on_the_ce.pdf\u0026Expires=1732798023\u0026Signature=D9C7Vi~hOKdiUsQXYcAh-11ZGcL0MQPQ-~knA6eqw60T7oKzq0ApE9vnfTtSDFHSX1BoiEojFXwwErheO89pwXzVLwaQvDaiDY3uYN6AAksioPuzR5g4zi6VDMQiHEry8b0O0-dxZU8qFmBil4UcwI39s4Qc~MAPFeyAIq~vJ4iLJeu3vuU1cvGIwDxHgkvpboYXvvYStPhQVjcaBtgzEPyGC-8bf4QxMBdRFJDx5gn5~U5oQifOdFHi-CRec~D1nq03HQ6fOCJXmxN0H6KXW2s-nw0RxEKXo~C2XF22yO1fRc2dMV7Wfc4z8-ADmYgBHmos9jdPeHEU3SM2ki2FNg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography"},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology"},{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology"},{"id":6126,"name":"Serbian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serbian"},{"id":6309,"name":"Metallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metallurgy"},{"id":11199,"name":"Neolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology"},{"id":26086,"name":"Neolithic Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Europe"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary"},{"id":34817,"name":"Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistory"},{"id":99198,"name":"Chalcolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chalcolithic"},{"id":220780,"name":"PLoS one","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PLoS_one"},{"id":338022,"name":"Archaeometallurgy of Copper","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeometallurgy_of_Copper"},{"id":426742,"name":"Copper Mining","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Copper_Mining"},{"id":798303,"name":"Neolithic Scandinavia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Scandinavia"}],"urls":[{"id":36787696,"url":"https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283007"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111020173"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111020173/A_complex_case_of_trade_in_metals_The_origin_of_copper_used_for_artefacts_found_in_one_hoard_from_a_Late_Bronze_Age_Lusatian_Urnfield_Culture_in_Poland"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A complex case of trade in metals: The origin of copper used for artefacts found in one hoard from a Late Bronze Age Lusatian Urnfield Culture in Poland" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111020173/A_complex_case_of_trade_in_metals_The_origin_of_copper_used_for_artefacts_found_in_one_hoard_from_a_Late_Bronze_Age_Lusatian_Urnfield_Culture_in_Poland">A complex case of trade in metals: The origin of copper used for artefacts found in one hoard from a Late Bronze Age Lusatian Urnfield Culture in Poland</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Metal artefacts from Bronze Age hoards have routinely been used to study interregional contacts. ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Metal artefacts from Bronze Age hoards have routinely been used to study interregional contacts. Their stylistic and typological features helped distinguish local products and imports by appearance. In the last 40 years, combined lead isotope and chemical analyses of metals have been widely applied to verify hypotheses based on style and typology. This paper is a comprehensive typological and analytical study of a metal item hoard discovered in Paszowice, SW Poland. In the Bronze Age, the area was inhabited by the Lusatian Urnfield culture (ca. 1350/1300-800/750 BC) communities. We expected that at least some of the artefacts would be local products fashioned according to foreign stylistic patterns. The research aimed to determine whether a &amp;#39;classical&amp;#39; stylistic analysis combined with provenance studies of metals would allow more decisive conclusions. This combination of methods could also show how the metal reached the Lusatian Urnfield culture settlement zone. We conducted a detailed typological and chronological analysis to map the distribution of similar artefact types. It demonstrated that stylistic matches for the artefacts from Paszowice occur mainly in NE Hungary, S Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Romania. Selected metal artefacts (both tin bronze items and raw copper objects) from Paszowice were also analysed for their chemical (EPMA) and lead isotope (MC ICP MS) compositions. The study revealed many copper sources used for their production, ranging from the nearest copper mines in the Slovak Ore Mountains, through Eastern Alps and mines in Sardinia, to possibly the Iberian Peninsula. In this way, we identified the potential trade routes by which metal could get to SW Poland: the southwestern and southeastern routes and the Mediterranean-Danube route. The Iberian metal might have also reached the study area from the norththrough its redistribution by Scandinavian traders. Our results show that metal from many sources circulated in central Europe during the Late Bronze Age. The Lusatian Urnfield communities were part of a pan-European exchange network and maintained extensive long-distance contacts, allowing metal acquisition from various sources.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111020173"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111020173"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020173; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111020173]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111020173]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111020173; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111020173']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 111020173, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111020173]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111020173,"title":"A complex case of trade in metals: The origin of copper used for artefacts found in one hoard from a Late Bronze Age Lusatian Urnfield Culture in Poland","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Metal artefacts from Bronze Age hoards have routinely been used to study interregional contacts. Their stylistic and typological features helped distinguish local products and imports by appearance. In the last 40 years, combined lead isotope and chemical analyses of metals have been widely applied to verify hypotheses based on style and typology. This paper is a comprehensive typological and analytical study of a metal item hoard discovered in Paszowice, SW Poland. In the Bronze Age, the area was inhabited by the Lusatian Urnfield culture (ca. 1350/1300-800/750 BC) communities. We expected that at least some of the artefacts would be local products fashioned according to foreign stylistic patterns. The research aimed to determine whether a \u0026amp;#39;classical\u0026amp;#39; stylistic analysis combined with provenance studies of metals would allow more decisive conclusions. This combination of methods could also show how the metal reached the Lusatian Urnfield culture settlement zone. We conducted a detailed typological and chronological analysis to map the distribution of similar artefact types. It demonstrated that stylistic matches for the artefacts from Paszowice occur mainly in NE Hungary, S Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Romania. Selected metal artefacts (both tin bronze items and raw copper objects) from Paszowice were also analysed for their chemical (EPMA) and lead isotope (MC ICP MS) compositions. The study revealed many copper sources used for their production, ranging from the nearest copper mines in the Slovak Ore Mountains, through Eastern Alps and mines in Sardinia, to possibly the Iberian Peninsula. In this way, we identified the potential trade routes by which metal could get to SW Poland: the southwestern and southeastern routes and the Mediterranean-Danube route. The Iberian metal might have also reached the study area from the norththrough its redistribution by Scandinavian traders. Our results show that metal from many sources circulated in central Europe during the Late Bronze Age. The Lusatian Urnfield communities were part of a pan-European exchange network and maintained extensive long-distance contacts, allowing metal acquisition from various sources.","publisher":"Elsevier BV","publication_name":"Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports"},"translated_abstract":"Metal artefacts from Bronze Age hoards have routinely been used to study interregional contacts. Their stylistic and typological features helped distinguish local products and imports by appearance. In the last 40 years, combined lead isotope and chemical analyses of metals have been widely applied to verify hypotheses based on style and typology. This paper is a comprehensive typological and analytical study of a metal item hoard discovered in Paszowice, SW Poland. In the Bronze Age, the area was inhabited by the Lusatian Urnfield culture (ca. 1350/1300-800/750 BC) communities. We expected that at least some of the artefacts would be local products fashioned according to foreign stylistic patterns. The research aimed to determine whether a \u0026amp;#39;classical\u0026amp;#39; stylistic analysis combined with provenance studies of metals would allow more decisive conclusions. This combination of methods could also show how the metal reached the Lusatian Urnfield culture settlement zone. We conducted a detailed typological and chronological analysis to map the distribution of similar artefact types. It demonstrated that stylistic matches for the artefacts from Paszowice occur mainly in NE Hungary, S Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Romania. Selected metal artefacts (both tin bronze items and raw copper objects) from Paszowice were also analysed for their chemical (EPMA) and lead isotope (MC ICP MS) compositions. The study revealed many copper sources used for their production, ranging from the nearest copper mines in the Slovak Ore Mountains, through Eastern Alps and mines in Sardinia, to possibly the Iberian Peninsula. In this way, we identified the potential trade routes by which metal could get to SW Poland: the southwestern and southeastern routes and the Mediterranean-Danube route. The Iberian metal might have also reached the study area from the norththrough its redistribution by Scandinavian traders. Our results show that metal from many sources circulated in central Europe during the Late Bronze Age. The Lusatian Urnfield communities were part of a pan-European exchange network and maintained extensive long-distance contacts, allowing metal acquisition from various sources.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111020173/A_complex_case_of_trade_in_metals_The_origin_of_copper_used_for_artefacts_found_in_one_hoard_from_a_Late_Bronze_Age_Lusatian_Urnfield_Culture_in_Poland","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-12-10T00:06:55.939-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2628582,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"A_complex_case_of_trade_in_metals_The_origin_of_copper_used_for_artefacts_found_in_one_hoard_from_a_Late_Bronze_Age_Lusatian_Urnfield_Culture_in_Poland","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":2628582,"first_name":"Zofia","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Stos-Gale","page_name":"ZofiaStosGale","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2012-10-09T23:49:11.862-07:00","display_name":"Zofia Stos-Gale","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ZofiaStosGale"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology"},{"id":12523,"name":"Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age_Europe_Archaeology_"},{"id":58424,"name":"Hoard","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hoard"},{"id":58724,"name":"Bronze Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age"},{"id":80692,"name":"Copper","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Copper"},{"id":92948,"name":"Bronze","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze"},{"id":99198,"name":"Chalcolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chalcolithic"},{"id":127381,"name":"Metalurgia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metalurgia"},{"id":1281834,"name":"Copper Metalurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Copper_Metalurgy"}],"urls":[{"id":36787695,"url":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S2352409X23001451?httpAccept=text/xml"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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