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Twelve HIV-infected" /> <title>(PDF) Lopinavir/Ritonavir treatment increases the placental transfer of bupivacaine enantiomers in HIV-infected pregnant women | Rodrigo Ribeiro - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/51068210/Lopinavir_Ritonavir_treatment_increases_the_placental_transfer_of_bupivacaine_enantiomers_in_HIV_infected_pregnant_women" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '92477ec68c09d28ae4730a4143c926f074776319'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732794586000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732794586000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"The present study evaluated the placental transfer and amniotic fluid distribution of bupivacaine enantiomers in health pregnant women and in HIV-infected pregnant women receiving epidural anaesthesia for caesarean section. Twelve HIV-infected pregnant women (HIV group) were treated long-term (at least 8 weeks) with lopinavir/ritonavir (400/100 mg bid), and twelve healthy pregnant women (Control group) who submitted to epidural anaesthesia with racemic bupivacaine (75 mg) during caesarean section were investigated. At delivery, samples of maternal and foetal blood and amniotic fluid were collected (10-20 min after drug administration). The placental transfer ratio of bupivacaine enantiomers was significantly higher among the pregnant women from the HIV group when compared with those from the Control group (Mann-Whitney test, p≤0.05). Placental transfer ratios (median and 25th - 75th percentiles) for (+)-(R)-bupivacaine were 0.58 (0.38 - 0.82) in the HIV group versus 0.25 (0.18-0.33)...","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Rodrigo Ribeiro"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2021-12-07","dateModified":null,"datePublished":"2018-01-29","headline":"Lopinavir/Ritonavir treatment increases the placental transfer of bupivacaine enantiomers in HIV-infected pregnant women","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Medicine","Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":"British journal of clinical pharmacology","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/63471532/Lopinavir_Ritonavir_treatment_increases_the_placental_transfer_of_bupivacaine_enantiomers_in_HIV_infected_pregnant_women","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":null}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-102fa537001ba4d8dcd921ad9bd56c474abc201906ea4843e7e7efe9dfbf561d.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" 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[{"id":75892228,"identifier":"Attachment_75892228","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":63471532,"created_at":"2021-12-07T11:33:36.394-08:00","from_world_paper_id":186121564,"updated_at":"2021-12-07T11:56:40.264-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"The present study evaluated the placental transfer and amniotic fluid distribution of bupivacaine enantiomers in health pregnant women and in HIV-infected pregnant women receiving epidural anaesthesia for caesarean section. Twelve HIV-infected pregnant women (HIV group) were treated long-term (at least 8 weeks) with lopinavir/ritonavir (400/100 mg bid), and twelve healthy pregnant women (Control group) who submitted to epidural anaesthesia with racemic bupivacaine (75 mg) during caesarean section were investigated. At delivery, samples of maternal and foetal blood and amniotic fluid were collected (10-20 min after drug administration). The placental transfer ratio of bupivacaine enantiomers was significantly higher among the pregnant women from the HIV group when compared with those from the Control group (Mann-Whitney test, p≤0.05). Placental transfer ratios (median and 25th - 75th percentiles) for (+)-(R)-bupivacaine were 0.58 (0.38 - 0.82) in the HIV group versus 0.25 (0.18-0.33)...","publication_date":"2018,1,29","publication_name":"British journal of clinical pharmacology"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"low","language":"en","title":"Lopinavir/Ritonavir treatment increases the placental transfer of bupivacaine enantiomers in HIV-infected pregnant women","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [119371573]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":75892228,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Lopinavir/Ritonavir treatment increases the placental transfer of bupivacaine enantiomers in HIV-infected pregnant women”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/75892228/mini_magick20211207-14795-1bz5on5.png?1638905722" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Lopinavir/Ritonavir treatment increases the placental transfer of bupivacaine enantiomers in HIV-infected pregnant women</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="119371573" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RodrigoRibeiro215"><img alt="Profile image of Rodrigo Ribeiro" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Rodrigo Ribeiro</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2018, British journal of clinical pharmacology</p></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The present study evaluated the placental transfer and amniotic fluid distribution of bupivacaine enantiomers in health pregnant women and in HIV-infected pregnant women receiving epidural anaesthesia for caesarean section. Twelve HIV-infected pregnant women (HIV group) were treated long-term (at least 8 weeks) with lopinavir/ritonavir (400/100 mg bid), and twelve healthy pregnant women (Control group) who submitted to epidural anaesthesia with racemic bupivacaine (75 mg) during caesarean section were investigated. At delivery, samples of maternal and foetal blood and amniotic fluid were collected (10-20 min after drug administration). The placental transfer ratio of bupivacaine enantiomers was significantly higher among the pregnant women from the HIV group when compared with those from the Control group (Mann-Whitney test, p≤0.05). Placental transfer ratios (median and 25th - 75th percentiles) for (+)-(R)-bupivacaine were 0.58 (0.38 - 0.82) in the HIV group versus 0.25 (0.18-0.33)...</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":75892228,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/63471532/Lopinavir_Ritonavir_treatment_increases_the_placental_transfer_of_bupivacaine_enantiomers_in_HIV_infected_pregnant_women"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":75892228,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/63471532/Lopinavir_Ritonavir_treatment_increases_the_placental_transfer_of_bupivacaine_enantiomers_in_HIV_infected_pregnant_women"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="75892228" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/63471532/Lopinavir_Ritonavir_treatment_increases_the_placental_transfer_of_bupivacaine_enantiomers_in_HIV_infected_pregnant_women" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="92010503" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/92010503/Pharmacokinetics_and_Placental_Transfer_of_Bupivacaine_Enantiomers_in_HIV_Infected_Parturient_Women_on_Antiretroviral_Therapy">Pharmacokinetics and Placental Transfer of Bupivacaine Enantiomers in HIV‐Infected Parturient Women on Antiretroviral Therapy</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="27919714" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Mar%C3%ADliaCristinaOliveiraSouza">Marília Cristina Oliveira Souza</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Pharmacokinetics and Placental Transfer of Bupivacaine Enantiomers in HIV‐Infected Parturient Women on Antiretroviral Therapy","attachmentId":95135592,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/92010503/Pharmacokinetics_and_Placental_Transfer_of_Bupivacaine_Enantiomers_in_HIV_Infected_Parturient_Women_on_Antiretroviral_Therapy","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/92010503/Pharmacokinetics_and_Placental_Transfer_of_Bupivacaine_Enantiomers_in_HIV_Infected_Parturient_Women_on_Antiretroviral_Therapy"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="37946848" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37946848/Pharmacokinetic_Exposure_and_Virologic_Response_in_HIV_1_Infected_Pregnant_Women_Treated_with_Lopinavir_Ritonavir_Aids_Clinical_Trials_Group_Protocol_A5153S_A_substudy_TO_A5150">Pharmacokinetic Exposure and Virologic Response in HIV-1 Infected Pregnant Women Treated with Lopinavir/Ritonavir: Aids Clinical Trials Group Protocol A5153S: A substudy TO A5150</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="98198066" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JNixon2">Jacobs Publishers</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Objective: We studied the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of boosted soft-gel lopinavir/ritonavir to assess if the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC) is altered in pregnancy and whether changes in AUC impacted HIV-1 control. Methods: We enrolled pregnant women ≥13 years of age between 22 to 30 weeks gestation who expected to be on stable lopinavir/ritonavir for ≥8 weeks pre-delivery and ≥24 weeks post-delivery. Pharmacokinetic evaluations for lopinavir and ritonavir occurred at 36 weeks gestation and 6 and 24 weeks postpartum. Results: Ten women underwent intensive pharmacokinetic evaluations for lopinavir and ritonavir at 36 weeks gestation and at 6 and 24 weeks postpartum. Estimated geometric mean (GM) AUC 0-6h (95% CI) for lopinavir were not significantly different at 26.5 (17.0, 41.4) and 41.9 (26.1, 67.5) mcg*hr/mL at 36 weeks gestation and 6 weeks postpartum, respectively (within-subject GM ratio 0.60 (0.25, 1.43); p=0.19). At 36 weeks gestation, 5 of 10 women had viral load <50 copies/mL and at 6 weeks postpartum 5 of 9 had viral load <50 copies/mL. Nine of ten infants for whom data were available were HIV negative. Conclusion: Despite below target lopinavir levels (< 52 mcg*hr/mL except at 2 postpartum measurements), women maintained virologic control postpartum. Higher doses of lopinavir/ritonavir during pregnancy may not be necessary in all women.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Pharmacokinetic Exposure and Virologic Response in HIV-1 Infected Pregnant Women Treated with Lopinavir/Ritonavir: Aids Clinical Trials Group Protocol A5153S: A substudy TO A5150","attachmentId":57959752,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37946848/Pharmacokinetic_Exposure_and_Virologic_Response_in_HIV_1_Infected_Pregnant_Women_Treated_with_Lopinavir_Ritonavir_Aids_Clinical_Trials_Group_Protocol_A5153S_A_substudy_TO_A5150","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37946848/Pharmacokinetic_Exposure_and_Virologic_Response_in_HIV_1_Infected_Pregnant_Women_Treated_with_Lopinavir_Ritonavir_Aids_Clinical_Trials_Group_Protocol_A5153S_A_substudy_TO_A5150"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="112661708" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/112661708/Feto_maternal_distribution_of_ropivacaine_and_bupivacaine_after_epidural_administration_for_cesarean_section">Feto-maternal distribution of ropivacaine and bupivacaine after epidural administration for cesarean section</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="46887731" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SeppoAlahuhta">Seppo Alahuhta</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia, 1997</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Feto-maternal distribution of ropivacaine and bupivacaine after epidural administration for cesarean section","attachmentId":109822395,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/112661708/Feto_maternal_distribution_of_ropivacaine_and_bupivacaine_after_epidural_administration_for_cesarean_section","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/112661708/Feto_maternal_distribution_of_ropivacaine_and_bupivacaine_after_epidural_administration_for_cesarean_section"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="10138805" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10138805/Serum_bupivacaine_concentrations_and_transplacental_transfer_following_repeated_epidural_administrations_in_term_parturients_during_labour">Serum bupivacaine concentrations and transplacental transfer following repeated epidural administrations in term parturients during labour</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="24751113" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GuillaumeDECOCQ">Guillaume DECOCQ</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology, 1997</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Summary— Bupivacaine is the most widely used local anaesthetic in obstetrics for epidural analgesia. Nineteen women (mean age 26.9 ± 5.3 years) who underwent epidural analgesia during labour were included in this study. All parturients received a first injection of 21.8 ± 2.5 mg 0.25% plain bupivacaine. The following administrations were given on request: 0.25% concentration was used when cervix uteri was supple, and a 0.375% concentration when it was tonic. Blood samples were collected 5 min after the first injection and then every 30 min until delivery. At delivery blood samples were collected from the infant umbilical cord vein and from the arm vein of the mother. Bupivacaine was assayed by high pressure liquid chromatography. Serum data were analyzed for each patient using a non-compartmental model. Bupivacaine was rapidly detected in serum, and maximal concentration was reached between 5 and 35 min. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated in 17 women after the first injection: 87 ± 35 min for elimination half-life, 60 ± 19 L for apparent volume of distribution and 0.5 ± 0.3 L/min for plasmatic clearance. For a mean total duration of labour and total dose administered of respectively 222 ±115 min and 57.1 ± 28.7 mg, the mean value of the foeto-maternal ratio was 0.29 ±0.10. The infant maximal serum concentration was 0.26 μg/mL. No side effects were spontaneously reported by the parturients and all infants had an Apgar score of 10 at 5 min after the delivery. We confirm the fast systemic absorption and rapid elimination of bupivacaine which may be used without risk of acute toxicity both in mother and child, even when it is used in a 0.375% concentration.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Serum bupivacaine concentrations and transplacental transfer following repeated epidural administrations in term parturients during labour","attachmentId":47513416,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10138805/Serum_bupivacaine_concentrations_and_transplacental_transfer_following_repeated_epidural_administrations_in_term_parturients_during_labour","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/10138805/Serum_bupivacaine_concentrations_and_transplacental_transfer_following_repeated_epidural_administrations_in_term_parturients_during_labour"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="116222543" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/116222543/Reduced_lopinavir_exposure_during_pregnancy">Reduced lopinavir exposure during pregnancy</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="36537901" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RuthTuomala">Ruth Tuomala</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">AIDS, 2006</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Reduced lopinavir exposure during pregnancy","attachmentId":112413390,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/116222543/Reduced_lopinavir_exposure_during_pregnancy","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/116222543/Reduced_lopinavir_exposure_during_pregnancy"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="56061434" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/56061434/Randomized_clinical_trial_comparing_the_pharmacokinetics_of_standard_and_increased_dosage_lopinavir_ritonavir_coformulation_tablets_in_HIV_positive_pregnant_women">Randomized clinical trial comparing the pharmacokinetics of standard- and increased-dosage lopinavir-ritonavir coformulation tablets in HIV-positive pregnant women</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42678105" href="https://fiocruz.academia.edu/JPilotto">Jose Pilotto</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A lopinavir-ritonavir (LPV/r)-based regimen is recommended during pregnancy to reduce the risk of HIV mother-to-child transmission, but the appropriate dose is controversial. We compared the pharmacokinetics of standard and increased LPV/r doses during pregnancy. This randomized, open-label prospective study enrolled 60 pregnant women between gestational weeks 14 and 30. The participants received either the standard dose (400/100 mg twice a day [BID]) or increased dose (600/150 mg BID) of LPV/r tablets during pregnancy and the standard dose for 6 weeks after childbirth. Pharmacokinetics analysis was performed using a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Adherent participants who received the standard dose presented minimum LPV concentrations of 4.4, 4.3, and 6.1 μg/ml in the second and third trimesters and postpartum, respectively. The increased-dose group exhibited values of 7.9, 6.9, and 9.2 μg/ml at the same three time points. Although LPV expos...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Randomized clinical trial comparing the pharmacokinetics of standard- and increased-dosage lopinavir-ritonavir coformulation tablets in HIV-positive pregnant women","attachmentId":71632782,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/56061434/Randomized_clinical_trial_comparing_the_pharmacokinetics_of_standard_and_increased_dosage_lopinavir_ritonavir_coformulation_tablets_in_HIV_positive_pregnant_women","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/56061434/Randomized_clinical_trial_comparing_the_pharmacokinetics_of_standard_and_increased_dosage_lopinavir_ritonavir_coformulation_tablets_in_HIV_positive_pregnant_women"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="14425620" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14425620/Placental_transfer_of_lopinavir_ritonavir_in_the_ex_vivo_human_cotyledon_perfusion_model">Placental transfer of lopinavir/ritonavir in the ex vivo human cotyledon perfusion model</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33365957" href="https://u-psud.academia.edu/RobertFarinotti">Robert Farinotti</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2006</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Placental transfer of lopinavir/ritonavir in the ex vivo human cotyledon perfusion model","attachmentId":44156715,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14425620/Placental_transfer_of_lopinavir_ritonavir_in_the_ex_vivo_human_cotyledon_perfusion_model","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14425620/Placental_transfer_of_lopinavir_ritonavir_in_the_ex_vivo_human_cotyledon_perfusion_model"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="50364367" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50364367/Lopinavir_Exposure_With_an_Increased_Dose_During_Pregnancy">Lopinavir Exposure With an Increased Dose During Pregnancy</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="196716975" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LISASMITH441">LISA SMITH</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Lopinavir Exposure With an Increased Dose During Pregnancy","attachmentId":68381407,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/50364367/Lopinavir_Exposure_With_an_Increased_Dose_During_Pregnancy","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/50364367/Lopinavir_Exposure_With_an_Increased_Dose_During_Pregnancy"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="92338111" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/92338111/Maternal_complications_after_Caesarean_section_in_HIV_infected_pregnant_women">Maternal complications after Caesarean section in HIV-infected pregnant women</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="146077481" href="https://mahidol.academia.edu/PanyuPanburana">Panyu Panburana</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2003</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Maternal complications after Caesarean section in HIV-infected pregnant women","attachmentId":95373274,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/92338111/Maternal_complications_after_Caesarean_section_in_HIV_infected_pregnant_women","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/92338111/Maternal_complications_after_Caesarean_section_in_HIV_infected_pregnant_women"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="22213049" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22213049/Human_Immunodeficiency_Virus_Anesthetic_and_Obstetric_Considerations">Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Anesthetic and Obstetric Considerations</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="43573428" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OscarSadan">Oscar Sadan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Anesthesia & Analgesia, 2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Anesthetic and Obstetric Considerations","attachmentId":42866949,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/22213049/Human_Immunodeficiency_Virus_Anesthetic_and_Obstetric_Considerations","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/22213049/Human_Immunodeficiency_Virus_Anesthetic_and_Obstetric_Considerations"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":75892228,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" 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You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="89089975" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/89089975/Perioperative_cesarean_delivery_morbidity_among_HIV_infected_women_under_highly_active_antiretroviral_treatment_a_case_control_study">Perioperative cesarean delivery morbidity among HIV-infected women under highly active antiretroviral treatment: a case-control study</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42780680" href="https://eraseunavezerase.academia.edu/AlfredoPerales">Alfredo 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