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class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://soton.academia.edu/BenSaunders">Ben Saunders</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">University of Southampton</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://maynoothuniversity.academia.edu/Sin%C3%A9adRing"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Sin茅ad Ring" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/18208/6122/20295524/s200_sin_ad.ring.jpeg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://maynoothuniversity.academia.edu/Sin%C3%A9adRing">Sin茅ad Ring</a><p 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href="https://qc-cuny.academia.edu/LarissaSwedell">Larissa Swedell</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Queens College of the City University of New York</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://manchester.academia.edu/LiamShields"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Liam Shields" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/331337/92301/415609/s200_liam.shields.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://manchester.academia.edu/LiamShields">Liam Shields</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">The University of Manchester</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://ikerbasque.academia.edu/EzequielDiPaolo"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Ezequiel Di Paolo" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/350621/95063/107272/s200_ezequiel.di_paolo.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://ikerbasque.academia.edu/EzequielDiPaolo">Ezequiel Di Paolo</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Ikerbasque</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://uba.academia.edu/JuanCarlosTroiano"><img 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class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Mollie Bloomsmith</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="21067955"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067955/Using_multiple_joystick_systems_in_computerised_enrichment_for_captive_orangutans"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Using multiple joystick systems in computerised enrichment for captive orangutans" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067955/Using_multiple_joystick_systems_in_computerised_enrichment_for_captive_orangutans">Using multiple joystick systems in computerised enrichment for captive orangutans</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Animal Welfare</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">ABSTRACT It has been suggested that providing multiple computers with automatic reward dispensers...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">ABSTRACT It has been suggested that providing multiple computers with automatic reward dispensers as enrichment to captive orangutans (Pongo spp) (as opposed to a single computer, with a care-staff person delivering reinforcers) might help improve behavioural outcomes. The purpose of the current study was to test this hypothesis by providing two computers with automatic reward dispensers to eight orangutans housed in four male-female pairs at Zoo Atlanta, USA. Subjects were observed for ten days during each of three phases: a baseline phase (during which, no computer was provided); immediately followed by Phase 1 (during which, one computer system was provided to each pair of subjects); immediately followed by Phase 2 (during which, two computer systems were provided to each pair). Data were collected in 1-h sessions using instantaneous scan sampling. There was no habituation to the computer system, nor were there any significant increases in aggression, rough scratching, and abnormal behaviours in either computer phase, which indicates that computer-joystick systems are effective as enrichment for captive orangutans. However, a high level of interest in the computer was shown by only a few individuals, which highlights a need to take into consideration individual differences when providing computerised enrichment to captive non-human primates. It would also be advisable to provide other forms of enrichment to increase activity levels for individuals which are not interested in interacting with a computer, as well as to help increase the diversity of behaviours being stimulated by the enrichment.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="21067955"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21067955"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067955; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); 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window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21067954]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21067954]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067954; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='21067954']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "3827c8d300adac9d3c744fa609fd6cee" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=21067954]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":21067954,"title":"AFTER THE NURSERY: OPTIMIZING THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAPTIVE HAND-REARED CHIMPANZEES","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21067954/AFTER_THE_NURSERY_OPTIMIZING_THE_DEVELOPMENT_OF_CAPTIVE_HAND_REARED_CHIMPANZEES","owner_id":42289183,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":42289183,"first_name":"Mollie","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bloomsmith","page_name":"MollieBloomsmith","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-28T12:44:56.568-08:00","display_name":"Mollie Bloomsmith","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MollieBloomsmith"},"attachments":[{"id":41699378,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41699378/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"AFTER_THE_NURSERY_OPTIMIZING_THE_DEVELOP20160128-4886-x3da88.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41699378/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"AFTER_THE_NURSERY_OPTIMIZING_THE_DEVELOP.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/41699378/AFTER_THE_NURSERY_OPTIMIZING_THE_DEVELOP20160128-4886-x3da88-libre.pdf?1454014149=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAFTER_THE_NURSERY_OPTIMIZING_THE_DEVELOP.pdf\u0026Expires=1740892743\u0026Signature=KJy2kcdI-hU6FLnNdwYV67aDd6uBxkMuyARRwgYcBJie3OohgkeZQAJgsnB2r5ERcY~GgV5l2AkXtQJouyhIOCWPyJYb0jZAI0eJYjo-XP96dmhIky0mVpG2FpBgpwvHzyCHQzb6Dz9Dd5hsXsaGFJWKd-Yjrj4BO0ckiHA5fKRhlvxXXWgDSbcfVsjUOlE~KbaCEHNaJ-WduBg1aYHah8EUE0zimrmQjy-AoCK90VfUUrzPDjd2oVFRan4MjNdGhVNntByMpW3HSA5i3YUVcQir2Kc9Hp1McqpEQY-0Q7LUCCb93~DmogiJ5dOyKGDTCjBzM3AIAarhhSrkb12aJQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="21067953"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067953/Comparing_training_to_human_interaction_as_enrichment_for_captive_rhesus_monkeys"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Comparing training to human interaction as enrichment for captive rhesus monkeys" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41699372/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067953/Comparing_training_to_human_interaction_as_enrichment_for_captive_rhesus_monkeys">Comparing training to human interaction as enrichment for captive rhesus monkeys</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MollieBloomsmith">Mollie Bloomsmith</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://tulane.academia.edu/KateBaker">Kate Baker</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Assessing the value of enrichment is important to ensure that it is effective. Previous research ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Assessing the value of enrichment is important to ensure that it is effective. Previous research with rats has shown that anticipatory behavior is a good indicator of forthcoming enrichment. This study examined the use of anticipatory behavior as a tool to assess the rewarding properties of environmental enrichment in laboratory-housed common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). We studied six pairs in each of three conditions (positive, neutral and negative). In the first stage (Baseline) monkeys were observed six times for 2 min, using instantaneous sampling. In the second stage (Anticipation) a Pavlovian conditioning schedule was applied to announce an oncoming stimulus, and following four training sessions the subjects were observed during the 2 min interval between the conditioned and unconditioned stimulus. The positive unconditioned stimulus was marshmallow, a favored food treat; the neutral stimulus was commercial monkey chow, and the negative stimulus was a two second puff of air from a hair-dryer. The difference between Anticipation and Baseline behaviors were calculated for each pair. A statistical comparison of these differences showed that the monkeys increased agitated locomotion, time clinging to the front of the cage (P < 0.001) and watching the observer (P < 0.005) more in the positive condition compared with the neutral and negative conditions. They also decreased calm locomotion and inactivity more (P < 0.001). These findings indicate that anticipatory behavior is a useful method for assessing the value of environmental enrichment for monkeys.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4ea66acb22423748374f46ea25c1462a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":41699372,"asset_id":21067953,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41699372/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="21067953"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21067953"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067953; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21067953]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21067953]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067953; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='21067953']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4ea66acb22423748374f46ea25c1462a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=21067953]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":21067953,"title":"Comparing training to human interaction as enrichment for captive rhesus monkeys","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21067953/Comparing_training_to_human_interaction_as_enrichment_for_captive_rhesus_monkeys","owner_id":42289183,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":42289183,"first_name":"Mollie","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bloomsmith","page_name":"MollieBloomsmith","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-28T12:44:56.568-08:00","display_name":"Mollie Bloomsmith","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MollieBloomsmith"},"attachments":[{"id":41699372,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41699372/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Comparing_training_to_human_interaction_20160128-27555-1hw9nqo.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41699372/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Comparing_training_to_human_interaction.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/41699372/Comparing_training_to_human_interaction_20160128-27555-1hw9nqo-libre.pdf?1454014148=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DComparing_training_to_human_interaction.pdf\u0026Expires=1740892743\u0026Signature=DDmI-42xmcAAW1rqKWce9DszpcK69xeYRIEAGWupuwodnvrxftRwAw~EGCdxvKPVjUjDTLziFJgdl2IC4AYCx7oy-~tMohtNeCYIUZqN8THB9ok1YK6eGKKgbIYdxvaBhdiwKQ3XxuyBZN~-AaHjx~nnpT9hBLRImsxxi53DLIlh1qdWI78go8hU-i1aUzOQzJghpS4fD6ZqMJVfLbXsmmZ1q1nOrq6ReXfdQ-O0DlJhHY4odW6~JqXH48ZXQ6o~9i7VlBFHCDz6b4RlTvGP7c07C4dZiZ2kLFmDnDrisQ61540BYCnhgG5lxWLVoyLJf0sZq6cLquoW7eSOE1j75g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="21067952"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067952/Long_Term_Effects_of_Infant_Attachment_Organization_on_Adult_Behavior_and_Health_in_Nursery_Reared_Captive_Chimpanzees_Pan_troglodytes_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Long-Term Effects of Infant Attachment Organization on Adult Behavior and Health in Nursery-Reared, Captive Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067952/Long_Term_Effects_of_Infant_Attachment_Organization_on_Adult_Behavior_and_Health_in_Nursery_Reared_Captive_Chimpanzees_Pan_troglodytes_">Long-Term Effects of Infant Attachment Organization on Adult Behavior and Health in Nursery-Reared, Captive Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983)</span><span>, Jan 23, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This research traces the long-term effects on health, well-being, personality, and behavior of ad...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This research traces the long-term effects on health, well-being, personality, and behavior of adult chimpanzees as a function of their attachment to a primary human caregiver assessed when they were 1 year of age. Of the 46 chimpanzees assessed at 1 year of age, we assessed health in 43 individuals, adult behavior in 20 individuals, and adult well-being and personality in 21 individuals. Attachment disorganization was found to be a significant predictor of stereotypic rocking in adult chimpanzees, F(1, 18) = 7.50, p = .013. For those subjects (N = 24) with a full 20 years (birth through age 20 years) of health data available, both rearing experience and disorganized attachment were significant predictors of upper respiratory infection frequency, F(2, 21) = 8.86, p = .002. Chimpanzees with disorganized attachment exhibited average subjective well-being as adults, whereas chimpanzees with organized strategies exhibited higher than average subjective well-being as adults. These result...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="21067952"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21067952"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067952; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21067952]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21067952]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067952; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='21067952']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=21067952]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":21067952,"title":"Long-Term Effects of Infant Attachment Organization on Adult Behavior and Health in Nursery-Reared, Captive Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21067952/Long_Term_Effects_of_Infant_Attachment_Organization_on_Adult_Behavior_and_Health_in_Nursery_Reared_Captive_Chimpanzees_Pan_troglodytes_","owner_id":42289183,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":42289183,"first_name":"Mollie","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bloomsmith","page_name":"MollieBloomsmith","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-28T12:44:56.568-08:00","display_name":"Mollie Bloomsmith","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MollieBloomsmith"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="21067951"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067951/Post_occupancy_evaluation_of_zoo_Atlantas_Giant_Panda_Conservation_Center_Staff_and_visitor_reactions"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Post-occupancy evaluation of zoo Atlanta's Giant Panda Conservation Center: Staff and visitor reactions" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41699377/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067951/Post_occupancy_evaluation_of_zoo_Atlantas_Giant_Panda_Conservation_Center_Staff_and_visitor_reactions">Post-occupancy evaluation of zoo Atlanta's Giant Panda Conservation Center: Staff and visitor reactions</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">which presented an opportunity to evaluate the new giant panda exhibit. The present study documen...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">which presented an opportunity to evaluate the new giant panda exhibit. The present study documents the reactions of staff and visitors to Zoo Atlanta's Giant Panda Conservation Center by a post-occupancy evaluation (POE). Confidential interviews were conducted with 23 staff, and 145 zoo visitors completed questionnaires. Staff and visitors were asked to assign quality ratings to specific areas of the exhibit, and complete a series of open-ended questions. The findings suggest that staff and visitors evaluated Zoo Atlanta's giant panda exhibit favorably. On a five-point scale, the exhibit received mean ratings of 3.64 from the staff and 4.50 from the visitors. With a few exceptions, most areas of the exhibit met or exceeded staff expectations. Staff and visitors identified a number of strengths and weaknesses of the exhibit. Staff most frequently recommended changes to the pandas' space and the ability to address husbandry issues, while a large number of visitors did not suggest any changes, or did not respond to the question. Visitors that did respond to the question most often recommended that the zoo display additional pandas and modify the pandas' space. There were no significant differences in visitors' ratings of the different areas of the enclosure, or in their overall impressions of the exhibit, as a function of the pandas' location. The results are examined in terms of general implications for zoo exhibit design, construction, and evaluation, and in light of the goals of Grant sponsor: Zoo Atlanta.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="937023f90339a08d8e16baa00bb61b9f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":41699377,"asset_id":21067951,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41699377/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="21067951"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21067951"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067951; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="21067950"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067950/Positive_reinforcement_methods_to_train_chimpanzees_to_cooperate_with_urine_collection"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Positive reinforcement methods to train chimpanzees to cooperate with urine collection" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067950/Positive_reinforcement_methods_to_train_chimpanzees_to_cooperate_with_urine_collection">Positive reinforcement methods to train chimpanzees to cooperate with urine collection</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MollieBloomsmith">Mollie Bloomsmith</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KimberlyNeu">Kimberly Neu</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JenniferMcMillan1">Jennifer McMillan</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Positive reinforcement training can be used in many ways to enhance the welfare of captive primat...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Positive reinforcement training can be used in many ways to enhance the welfare of captive primates. Training for biologic sample collection is one application of positive reinforcement training. In this study, 35 adult female chimpanzees were trained to cooperate with the collection of urine samples needed to facilitate a research study. A median of 35 training sessions was required for the subjects to reach reliable performance (4 of 5 sequential attempts successful) of the urine collection behavior. Adult age had no effect on the speed of learning as indicated by a rank order correlation. Individual differences in the rate of learning were pronounced but did not vary with the age of the chimpanzees. Approximately 2 y after the initial training, and with continual sample collection taking place twice weekly, we assessed the reliability of their performance and found that the chimpanzees cooperated 100% of the time and that collection of a urine sample required about 5 min. Positiv...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="21067950"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21067950"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067950; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21067950]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21067950]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=13100337]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":13100337,"title":"Comparing pair-housing options for caged rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13100337/Comparing_pair_housing_options_for_caged_rhesus_macaques_Macaca_mulatta_","owner_id":32351397,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":32351397,"first_name":"Valerie","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Schoof","page_name":"ValerieSchoof","domain_name":"glendon","created_at":"2015-06-19T06:36:33.549-07:00","display_name":"Valerie Schoof","url":"https://glendon.academia.edu/ValerieSchoof"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="21067949"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067949/Refining_the_pole_and_collar_method_of_restraint_emphasizing_the_use_of_positive_training_techniques_with_rhesus_macaques_Macaca_mulatta_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Refining the pole-and-collar method of restraint: emphasizing the use of positive training techniques with rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067949/Refining_the_pole_and_collar_method_of_restraint_emphasizing_the_use_of_positive_training_techniques_with_rhesus_macaques_Macaca_mulatta_">Refining the pole-and-collar method of restraint: emphasizing the use of positive training techniques with rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MollieBloomsmith">Mollie Bloomsmith</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JenniferMcMillan1">Jennifer McMillan</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The pole-and-collar method is one of several techniques that enable the safe transfer of a nonhum...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The pole-and-collar method is one of several techniques that enable the safe transfer of a nonhuman primate from its home environment into a restraint chair without the need for sedation. It has been used within the scientific community for decades. Traditional methods to train animals for pole-and-collar use rely primarily on aspects of negative reinforcement, with very little incorporation of positive-reinforcement techniques. With increasing emphasis on animal training and welfare, research facilities are incorporating positive-reinforcement training into husbandry and experimental procedures. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of training rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta; n = 8) to cooperate for pole-and-collar transfer to a primate restraint chair. By using predominantly positive-reinforcement techniques, with supplemental elements of negative reinforcement, macaques were trained in a mean of 85 training sessions (a mean of 1085 min of training time). We also provide tools for ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="714bd1c134e5ca520da2da1fc736446c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":42417236,"asset_id":21067949,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42417236/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="21067949"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21067949"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067949; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="21067947"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067947/Simple_visual_discrimination_training_of_the_giant_panda"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Simple visual discrimination training of the giant panda" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067947/Simple_visual_discrimination_training_of_the_giant_panda">Simple visual discrimination training of the giant panda</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PsycEXTRA Dataset</span><span>, 2000</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="21067947"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21067947"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067947; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21067947]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21067947]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067947; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='21067947']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=21067947]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":21067947,"title":"Simple visual discrimination training of the giant panda","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21067947/Simple_visual_discrimination_training_of_the_giant_panda","owner_id":42289183,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":42289183,"first_name":"Mollie","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bloomsmith","page_name":"MollieBloomsmith","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-28T12:44:56.568-08:00","display_name":"Mollie Bloomsmith","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MollieBloomsmith"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="21067945"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067945/Addressing_nonhuman_primate_behavioral_problems_through_the_application_of_operant_conditioning_Is_the_human_treatment_approach_a_useful_model"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Addressing nonhuman primate behavioral problems through the application of operant conditioning: Is the human treatment approach a useful model?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41699375/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067945/Addressing_nonhuman_primate_behavioral_problems_through_the_application_of_operant_conditioning_Is_the_human_treatment_approach_a_useful_model">Addressing nonhuman primate behavioral problems through the application of operant conditioning: Is the human treatment approach a useful model?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Applied Animal Behaviour Science</span><span>, 2007</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Training by the systematic application of operant conditioning has been widely applied in the car...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Training by the systematic application of operant conditioning has been widely applied in the care, management, exhibition, and study of nonhuman primates and many other species, but is less often used to control problematic animal behavior such as stereotyped behavior or self-injurious behavior. We review the topographical features and causal factors of stereotyped and self-injurious behavior in captive nonhuman primates,</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b6a316d32351c087b6dbbeab8653032c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":41699375,"asset_id":21067945,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41699375/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="21067945"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21067945"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067945; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="21067943"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067943/Positive_reinforcement_training_to_elicit_voluntary_movement_of_two_giant_pandas_throughout_their_enclosure"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Positive reinforcement training to elicit voluntary movement of two giant pandas throughout their enclosure" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41699374/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067943/Positive_reinforcement_training_to_elicit_voluntary_movement_of_two_giant_pandas_throughout_their_enclosure">Positive reinforcement training to elicit voluntary movement of two giant pandas throughout their enclosure</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MollieBloomsmith">Mollie Bloomsmith</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RebeccaSnyder4">Rebecca Snyder</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Zoo Biology</span><span>, 2003</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">There is a great deal of interest in applying positive reinforcement training to improve the care...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">There is a great deal of interest in applying positive reinforcement training to improve the care and management of captive animals. The purpose of the present study was to test the usefulness of positive reinforcement training in managing the ''shifting'' behavior of two, young giant pandas. This report describes the steps in the training process, the amount of personnel time required, compliance by the pandas and a brief analysis of contextual factors affecting their perfomance. Positive reinforcement training techniques successfully increased the pandas' level of compliance during times of day when they were not routinely asked to move through doorways. During the last 15 training sessions in the seven months that were evaluated for this study, the compliance of each of the two pandas was 87% during routine times and 89% during non-routine times. Each panda was typically trained during three or four sessions per week, and the mean session duration was 12 minutes; trainers spent a mean of 46 minutes per panda per week on training this behavior. An analysis of the effects of context (on-going activities at the time a command to shift was given) indicated that most of the time (66%), even when there was a potentially distracting activity taking place, the pandas still responded to the first or second command given. As a wider range of animal species is being trained in zoo settings, unique challenges need to be considered when designing training progams for each of them.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="09188e437ac7fbf14bad711d8b243924" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":41699374,"asset_id":21067943,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41699374/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="21067943"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21067943"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067943; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="21067941"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067941/The_use_of_technology_to_enhance_zoological_parks"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The use of technology to enhance zoological parks" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41699365/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067941/The_use_of_technology_to_enhance_zoological_parks">The use of technology to enhance zoological parks</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MollieBloomsmith">Mollie Bloomsmith</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BonniePerdue">Bonnie Perdue</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DiannGaalema">Diann Gaalema</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Zoo Biology</span><span>, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Technology can be used in a zoological setting to improve visitor experience, increase research o...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Technology can be used in a zoological setting to improve visitor experience, increase research opportunities, and enhance animal welfare. Evaluating the quality of these technological innovations and their use by nonhuman and human counterparts is a critical part of extending the uses of technology to enhance animal welfare and visitor experience at zoological parks. Survey data from a small sample of institutions housing primates suggest that computers, television, radio, and sprinklers are the most prevalent types of technological enrichment currently used. Survey respondents were positive about the technology implemented, stating a desire to increase its use.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="67869201731ddc1a0797e2a7859d4a92" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":41699365,"asset_id":21067941,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41699365/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="21067941"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21067941"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067941; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21067941]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21067941]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067941; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='21067941']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "67869201731ddc1a0797e2a7859d4a92" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=21067941]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":21067941,"title":"The use of technology to enhance zoological parks","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21067941/The_use_of_technology_to_enhance_zoological_parks","owner_id":42289183,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":42289183,"first_name":"Mollie","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bloomsmith","page_name":"MollieBloomsmith","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-28T12:44:56.568-08:00","display_name":"Mollie Bloomsmith","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MollieBloomsmith"},"attachments":[{"id":41699365,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41699365/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"The_use_of_technology_to_enhance_zoologi20160128-27555-120fm9r.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41699365/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_use_of_technology_to_enhance_zoologi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/41699365/The_use_of_technology_to_enhance_zoologi20160128-27555-120fm9r-libre.pdf?1454014149=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_use_of_technology_to_enhance_zoologi.pdf\u0026Expires=1740892743\u0026Signature=b5FyVA22m~fPHNKFGDyAJjHOdrBeI8AMAcJ8ontseMRec4gp6Wo94epnmYxy1qZMnQg0hGniPw8N8wmf5-fS3vBZhSD0bB1fNDIVdrZbPO5uL7WjcHi0jAV0wO78X5aGsCoZ0CZZ3ZRrwMQ8Irq3cicp-NI~H544lWe9ua68m~oFqDmG04g4t8qflWIM5GEioXjdNFsgt7jlf2xfyHBozj9YEj7XagNBw5ynrg2-lj6Ii9UIur3g~8UfN15JHnfPgGoUhE2pEMrbrV0zu2jfNLvMREVF16ZBeMSuXzArQoA9h5dL9sYDSZr~djl4c0ACLlrJHSHff-RSosRFePvYZA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="21067940"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067940/To_hunt_or_not_to_hunt_A_feeding_enrichment_experiment_with_captive_large_felids"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of To hunt or not to hunt? A feeding enrichment experiment with captive large felids" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41699369/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067940/To_hunt_or_not_to_hunt_A_feeding_enrichment_experiment_with_captive_large_felids">To hunt or not to hunt? A feeding enrichment experiment with captive large felids</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Zoo Biology</span><span>, 2003</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">It is often difficult to promote the successful performance of feeding behaviors in zoos, especia...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">It is often difficult to promote the successful performance of feeding behaviors in zoos, especially for carnivores. Feeding enrichment provides these opportunities and often improves behavioral indications of an animal's well-being and the experience of the zoo visitor. The effectiveness of two different feeding enrichment techniques was evaluated on five subjects in two species of felids: African lions and Sumatran tigers. The activity budgets of each cat were compared before, during, and after enrichment, focusing on activity levels, frequency and variety of feeding behaviors, and occurrence of stereotypic behaviors. The presentation of live fish increased the variety and frequency of feeding behaviors, while presentation of horse leg bones increased the frequency of these behaviors. Fish reduced the tigers' stereotypic behavior from 60% of scans to 30% of scans on the day of presentation, and this change was maintained for 2 days following enrichment. Bone presentation also reduced stereotypic behavior and increased nonstereotypic activity in both species. Both of these techniques appear to have sustained effects on behavior lasting at least 2 days after presentation, which may indicate their ability to alter the animals' underlying activity patterns.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="264e0d93f56bd271e57d97a3da20aa39" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":41699369,"asset_id":21067940,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41699369/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="21067940"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21067940"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067940; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21067940]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21067940]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067940; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='21067940']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "264e0d93f56bd271e57d97a3da20aa39" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=21067940]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":21067940,"title":"To hunt or not to hunt? A feeding enrichment experiment with captive large felids","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21067940/To_hunt_or_not_to_hunt_A_feeding_enrichment_experiment_with_captive_large_felids","owner_id":42289183,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":42289183,"first_name":"Mollie","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bloomsmith","page_name":"MollieBloomsmith","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-28T12:44:56.568-08:00","display_name":"Mollie Bloomsmith","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MollieBloomsmith"},"attachments":[{"id":41699369,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41699369/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"zoo.10065.pdf20160128-27555-vn4lfo","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41699369/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"To_hunt_or_not_to_hunt_A_feeding_enrichm.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/41699369/zoo.10065-libre.pdf20160128-27555-vn4lfo?1454014149=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTo_hunt_or_not_to_hunt_A_feeding_enrichm.pdf\u0026Expires=1740892743\u0026Signature=NIj-3aJH0qsk5M5mDOOH8t1wOHG9LPhfflQ8QJkn9BdgDNqjmSVJf4nOQSD5Exm2j7yh23l0eyTlxQndWNrSPz-djGMxT6KcmqOD~x9KlKuRnIF1VdS9CvAEQxGOWwd96Nmufw0Oz2yJ5QmnAvI8O-qPWoi27wz9~7BUXtLMPZ8RIbqDjQLpfsdI1ia4ymHn4nJHK3BY4oyowKNsPY1Ohvgq~pmhIl5OEwMrOKln6DW0t3GayzkVBoA0MVtTSPidmNB6ERRrR4cYk9xhQwZlIDPOoHvoAp3n0YuhQt3YTcuetRvODqfvEpM~eyIwkv7Q2~s~S0-6oq4Z17vZbQwo0w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="21067939"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067939/Removing_milk_from_captive_gorilla_diets_The_impact_on_regurgitation_and_reingestion_R_R_and_other_behaviors"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Removing milk from captive gorilla diets: The impact on regurgitation and reingestion (R/R) and other behaviors" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41699376/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067939/Removing_milk_from_captive_gorilla_diets_The_impact_on_regurgitation_and_reingestion_R_R_and_other_behaviors">Removing milk from captive gorilla diets: The impact on regurgitation and reingestion (R/R) and other behaviors</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Zoo Biology</span><span>, 1999</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">To test whether milk consumption facilitates performance of regurgitation and reingestion (R/R) i...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">To test whether milk consumption facilitates performance of regurgitation and reingestion (R/R) in captive gorillas, an experiment was conducted in which milk was removed from the gorilla diet at Zoo Atlanta. The study was conducted using a withdrawal design (BTB), in which a baseline period (B) of 10 days was followed by a treatment period (T) of 10 days, followed by a return to the baseline feeding protocol (B) for 10 days. The experiment was conducted in two phases: first, identifying whether the incidence of R/R was decreased by replacing milk with an equal volume of diluted fruit juice, and second, identifying whether the incidence of R/R was decreased by replacing milk with a smaller volume of undiluted fruit juice. Removal of milk from the diet led to a significant decrease in R/R in both phases and an increase in feeding behavior during the first phase. Seasonal differences in baseline behavior were also observed. The current study provides evidence that removal of milk from the captive gorilla diet may reduce undesirable behaviors such as R/R and may be a step toward better approximating the natural diet for captive gorillas.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2063459155948a4aa55b0b4b6f3e6029" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":41699376,"asset_id":21067939,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41699376/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="21067939"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21067939"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067939; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="21067938"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067938/Post_occupancy_evaluation_of_zoo_Atlantas_Giant_Panda_Conservation_Center_Staff_and_visitor_reactions"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Post-occupancy evaluation of zoo Atlanta's Giant Panda Conservation Center: Staff and visitor reactions" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41699371/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067938/Post_occupancy_evaluation_of_zoo_Atlantas_Giant_Panda_Conservation_Center_Staff_and_visitor_reactions">Post-occupancy evaluation of zoo Atlanta's Giant Panda Conservation Center: Staff and visitor reactions</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Zoo Biology</span><span>, 2003</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">which presented an opportunity to evaluate the new giant panda exhibit. The present study documen...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">which presented an opportunity to evaluate the new giant panda exhibit. The present study documents the reactions of staff and visitors to Zoo Atlanta's Giant Panda Conservation Center by a post-occupancy evaluation (POE). Confidential interviews were conducted with 23 staff, and 145 zoo visitors completed questionnaires. Staff and visitors were asked to assign quality ratings to specific areas of the exhibit, and complete a series of open-ended questions. The findings suggest that staff and visitors evaluated Zoo Atlanta's giant panda exhibit favorably. On a five-point scale, the exhibit received mean ratings of 3.64 from the staff and 4.50 from the visitors. With a few exceptions, most areas of the exhibit met or exceeded staff expectations. Staff and visitors identified a number of strengths and weaknesses of the exhibit. Staff most frequently recommended changes to the pandas' space and the ability to address husbandry issues, while a large number of visitors did not suggest any changes, or did not respond to the question. Visitors that did respond to the question most often recommended that the zoo display additional pandas and modify the pandas' space. There were no significant differences in visitors' ratings of the different areas of the enclosure, or in their overall impressions of the exhibit, as a function of the pandas' location. The results are examined in terms of general implications for zoo exhibit design, construction, and evaluation, and in light of the goals of Grant sponsor: Zoo Atlanta.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="08075997f582bae534571f57adaf474d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":41699371,"asset_id":21067938,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41699371/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="21067938"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21067938"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067938; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="21067937"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067937/Factors_determining_tool_using_ability_in_two_captive_chimpanzee_Pan_troglodytes_colonies"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Factors determining tool-using ability in two captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) colonies" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41699363/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067937/Factors_determining_tool_using_ability_in_two_captive_chimpanzee_Pan_troglodytes_colonies">Factors determining tool-using ability in two captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) colonies</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Primates</span><span>, 1995</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The influence of several determinants of performance in a reaching tool task were studied: rearin...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The influence of several determinants of performance in a reaching tool task were studied: rearing history, object experience, and gender. Forty-five chimpanzees between the ages of 7 and 36 years served as subjects. They were chosen from two facilities, each group having different levels of tool experience. Each group was made up of individuals from three rearing conditions: wild born, captive mother reared, and captive nursery reared. Results indicated that wild-born subjects were better at the task than were both groups of captive-born subjects, who performed similarly. Previous experience with reaching tools was not a significant factor in the determination of tool-using ability. Gender differences were not apparent for either group, and the range of ages of chimpanzees tested was not related to tool-using ability.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="90a8cf83125092a0e5c3ada43ddbd971" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":41699363,"asset_id":21067937,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41699363/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="21067937"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21067937"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067937; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="21067936"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067936/Color_vision_in_the_giant_panda_Ailuropoda_melanoleuca_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Color vision in the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41699370/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067936/Color_vision_in_the_giant_panda_Ailuropoda_melanoleuca_">Color vision in the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Learning & Behavior</span><span>, 2006</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="63ab61df4ff338e6facff8725ec8f507" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":41699370,"asset_id":21067936,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41699370/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="21067936"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21067936"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067936; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="21067935"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067935/Relative_Numerousness_Judgment_and_Summation_in_Young_and_Old_Western_Lowland_Gorillas"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Relative Numerousness Judgment and Summation in Young and Old Western Lowland Gorillas" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41699387/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067935/Relative_Numerousness_Judgment_and_Summation_in_Young_and_Old_Western_Lowland_Gorillas">Relative Numerousness Judgment and Summation in Young and Old Western Lowland Gorillas</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Comparative Psychology</span><span>, 2005</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The relationship between age, relative numerousness judgment, and summation was investigated in 1...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The relationship between age, relative numerousness judgment, and summation was investigated in 11 Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). Experiments 1 and 2 evaluated the gorillas' ability to select the larger of 2 food quantities before and with training. The majority of gorillas did not reliably select the larger quantity in Experiment 1 until receiving training to do so in Experiment 2. Experiment 3 evaluated their ability to select the larger of 2 pairs of quantities. All gorillas selected the larger pair more often than chance, and the old were less accurate and slower than were the young. For most gorillas, performance in relative numerousness judgment with training and summation was comparable with previous reports in chimpanzees and orangutans.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="61bc092b1b74931c49a268a80429374f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":41699387,"asset_id":21067935,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41699387/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="21067935"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21067935"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067935; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="21067934"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067934/FUNCTIONAL_ANALYSIS_AND_TREATMENT_OF_HUMAN_DIRECTED_UNDESIRABLE_BEHAVIOR_EXHIBITED_BY_A_CAPTIVE_CHIMPANZEE"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS AND TREATMENT OF HUMAN-DIRECTED UNDESIRABLE BEHAVIOR EXHIBITED BY A CAPTIVE CHIMPANZEE" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41699390/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067934/FUNCTIONAL_ANALYSIS_AND_TREATMENT_OF_HUMAN_DIRECTED_UNDESIRABLE_BEHAVIOR_EXHIBITED_BY_A_CAPTIVE_CHIMPANZEE">FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS AND TREATMENT OF HUMAN-DIRECTED UNDESIRABLE BEHAVIOR EXHIBITED BY A CAPTIVE CHIMPANZEE</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis</span><span>, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A functional analysis identified the reinforcer maintaining feces throwing and spitting exhibited...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A functional analysis identified the reinforcer maintaining feces throwing and spitting exhibited by a captive adult chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). The implementation of a function-based treatment combining extinction with differential reinforcement of an alternate behavior decreased levels of inappropriate behavior. These findings further demonstrate the utility of function-based approaches to assess and treat behavior problems exhibited by captive animals.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c814defa57e2e7b8ebd3a37551fb679c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":41699390,"asset_id":21067934,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41699390/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="21067934"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21067934"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067934; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="4497231" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="21067955"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067955/Using_multiple_joystick_systems_in_computerised_enrichment_for_captive_orangutans"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Using multiple joystick systems in computerised enrichment for captive orangutans" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067955/Using_multiple_joystick_systems_in_computerised_enrichment_for_captive_orangutans">Using multiple joystick systems in computerised enrichment for captive orangutans</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Animal Welfare</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">ABSTRACT It has been suggested that providing multiple computers with automatic reward dispensers...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">ABSTRACT It has been suggested that providing multiple computers with automatic reward dispensers as enrichment to captive orangutans (Pongo spp) (as opposed to a single computer, with a care-staff person delivering reinforcers) might help improve behavioural outcomes. The purpose of the current study was to test this hypothesis by providing two computers with automatic reward dispensers to eight orangutans housed in four male-female pairs at Zoo Atlanta, USA. Subjects were observed for ten days during each of three phases: a baseline phase (during which, no computer was provided); immediately followed by Phase 1 (during which, one computer system was provided to each pair of subjects); immediately followed by Phase 2 (during which, two computer systems were provided to each pair). Data were collected in 1-h sessions using instantaneous scan sampling. There was no habituation to the computer system, nor were there any significant increases in aggression, rough scratching, and abnormal behaviours in either computer phase, which indicates that computer-joystick systems are effective as enrichment for captive orangutans. However, a high level of interest in the computer was shown by only a few individuals, which highlights a need to take into consideration individual differences when providing computerised enrichment to captive non-human primates. It would also be advisable to provide other forms of enrichment to increase activity levels for individuals which are not interested in interacting with a computer, as well as to help increase the diversity of behaviours being stimulated by the enrichment.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="21067955"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21067955"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067955; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="21067953"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067953/Comparing_training_to_human_interaction_as_enrichment_for_captive_rhesus_monkeys"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Comparing training to human interaction as enrichment for captive rhesus monkeys" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41699372/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067953/Comparing_training_to_human_interaction_as_enrichment_for_captive_rhesus_monkeys">Comparing training to human interaction as enrichment for captive rhesus monkeys</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MollieBloomsmith">Mollie Bloomsmith</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://tulane.academia.edu/KateBaker">Kate Baker</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Assessing the value of enrichment is important to ensure that it is effective. Previous research ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Assessing the value of enrichment is important to ensure that it is effective. Previous research with rats has shown that anticipatory behavior is a good indicator of forthcoming enrichment. This study examined the use of anticipatory behavior as a tool to assess the rewarding properties of environmental enrichment in laboratory-housed common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). We studied six pairs in each of three conditions (positive, neutral and negative). In the first stage (Baseline) monkeys were observed six times for 2 min, using instantaneous sampling. In the second stage (Anticipation) a Pavlovian conditioning schedule was applied to announce an oncoming stimulus, and following four training sessions the subjects were observed during the 2 min interval between the conditioned and unconditioned stimulus. The positive unconditioned stimulus was marshmallow, a favored food treat; the neutral stimulus was commercial monkey chow, and the negative stimulus was a two second puff of air from a hair-dryer. The difference between Anticipation and Baseline behaviors were calculated for each pair. A statistical comparison of these differences showed that the monkeys increased agitated locomotion, time clinging to the front of the cage (P < 0.001) and watching the observer (P < 0.005) more in the positive condition compared with the neutral and negative conditions. They also decreased calm locomotion and inactivity more (P < 0.001). These findings indicate that anticipatory behavior is a useful method for assessing the value of environmental enrichment for monkeys.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4ea66acb22423748374f46ea25c1462a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":41699372,"asset_id":21067953,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41699372/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="21067953"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21067953"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067953; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="21067952"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067952/Long_Term_Effects_of_Infant_Attachment_Organization_on_Adult_Behavior_and_Health_in_Nursery_Reared_Captive_Chimpanzees_Pan_troglodytes_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Long-Term Effects of Infant Attachment Organization on Adult Behavior and Health in Nursery-Reared, Captive Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067952/Long_Term_Effects_of_Infant_Attachment_Organization_on_Adult_Behavior_and_Health_in_Nursery_Reared_Captive_Chimpanzees_Pan_troglodytes_">Long-Term Effects of Infant Attachment Organization on Adult Behavior and Health in Nursery-Reared, Captive Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983)</span><span>, Jan 23, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This research traces the long-term effects on health, well-being, personality, and behavior of ad...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This research traces the long-term effects on health, well-being, personality, and behavior of adult chimpanzees as a function of their attachment to a primary human caregiver assessed when they were 1 year of age. Of the 46 chimpanzees assessed at 1 year of age, we assessed health in 43 individuals, adult behavior in 20 individuals, and adult well-being and personality in 21 individuals. Attachment disorganization was found to be a significant predictor of stereotypic rocking in adult chimpanzees, F(1, 18) = 7.50, p = .013. For those subjects (N = 24) with a full 20 years (birth through age 20 years) of health data available, both rearing experience and disorganized attachment were significant predictors of upper respiratory infection frequency, F(2, 21) = 8.86, p = .002. Chimpanzees with disorganized attachment exhibited average subjective well-being as adults, whereas chimpanzees with organized strategies exhibited higher than average subjective well-being as adults. These result...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="21067952"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21067952"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067952; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21067952]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21067952]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067952; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='21067952']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=21067952]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":21067952,"title":"Long-Term Effects of Infant Attachment Organization on Adult Behavior and Health in Nursery-Reared, Captive Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21067952/Long_Term_Effects_of_Infant_Attachment_Organization_on_Adult_Behavior_and_Health_in_Nursery_Reared_Captive_Chimpanzees_Pan_troglodytes_","owner_id":42289183,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":42289183,"first_name":"Mollie","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bloomsmith","page_name":"MollieBloomsmith","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-28T12:44:56.568-08:00","display_name":"Mollie Bloomsmith","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MollieBloomsmith"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="21067951"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067951/Post_occupancy_evaluation_of_zoo_Atlantas_Giant_Panda_Conservation_Center_Staff_and_visitor_reactions"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Post-occupancy evaluation of zoo Atlanta's Giant Panda Conservation Center: Staff and visitor reactions" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41699377/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067951/Post_occupancy_evaluation_of_zoo_Atlantas_Giant_Panda_Conservation_Center_Staff_and_visitor_reactions">Post-occupancy evaluation of zoo Atlanta's Giant Panda Conservation Center: Staff and visitor reactions</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">which presented an opportunity to evaluate the new giant panda exhibit. The present study documen...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">which presented an opportunity to evaluate the new giant panda exhibit. The present study documents the reactions of staff and visitors to Zoo Atlanta's Giant Panda Conservation Center by a post-occupancy evaluation (POE). Confidential interviews were conducted with 23 staff, and 145 zoo visitors completed questionnaires. Staff and visitors were asked to assign quality ratings to specific areas of the exhibit, and complete a series of open-ended questions. The findings suggest that staff and visitors evaluated Zoo Atlanta's giant panda exhibit favorably. On a five-point scale, the exhibit received mean ratings of 3.64 from the staff and 4.50 from the visitors. With a few exceptions, most areas of the exhibit met or exceeded staff expectations. Staff and visitors identified a number of strengths and weaknesses of the exhibit. Staff most frequently recommended changes to the pandas' space and the ability to address husbandry issues, while a large number of visitors did not suggest any changes, or did not respond to the question. Visitors that did respond to the question most often recommended that the zoo display additional pandas and modify the pandas' space. There were no significant differences in visitors' ratings of the different areas of the enclosure, or in their overall impressions of the exhibit, as a function of the pandas' location. The results are examined in terms of general implications for zoo exhibit design, construction, and evaluation, and in light of the goals of Grant sponsor: Zoo Atlanta.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="937023f90339a08d8e16baa00bb61b9f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":41699377,"asset_id":21067951,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41699377/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="21067951"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21067951"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067951; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="21067950"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067950/Positive_reinforcement_methods_to_train_chimpanzees_to_cooperate_with_urine_collection"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Positive reinforcement methods to train chimpanzees to cooperate with urine collection" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067950/Positive_reinforcement_methods_to_train_chimpanzees_to_cooperate_with_urine_collection">Positive reinforcement methods to train chimpanzees to cooperate with urine collection</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MollieBloomsmith">Mollie Bloomsmith</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KimberlyNeu">Kimberly Neu</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JenniferMcMillan1">Jennifer McMillan</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Positive reinforcement training can be used in many ways to enhance the welfare of captive primat...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Positive reinforcement training can be used in many ways to enhance the welfare of captive primates. Training for biologic sample collection is one application of positive reinforcement training. In this study, 35 adult female chimpanzees were trained to cooperate with the collection of urine samples needed to facilitate a research study. A median of 35 training sessions was required for the subjects to reach reliable performance (4 of 5 sequential attempts successful) of the urine collection behavior. Adult age had no effect on the speed of learning as indicated by a rank order correlation. Individual differences in the rate of learning were pronounced but did not vary with the age of the chimpanzees. Approximately 2 y after the initial training, and with continual sample collection taking place twice weekly, we assessed the reliability of their performance and found that the chimpanzees cooperated 100% of the time and that collection of a urine sample required about 5 min. Positiv...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="21067950"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21067950"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067950; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21067950]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21067950]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=13100337]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":13100337,"title":"Comparing pair-housing options for caged rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13100337/Comparing_pair_housing_options_for_caged_rhesus_macaques_Macaca_mulatta_","owner_id":32351397,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":32351397,"first_name":"Valerie","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Schoof","page_name":"ValerieSchoof","domain_name":"glendon","created_at":"2015-06-19T06:36:33.549-07:00","display_name":"Valerie Schoof","url":"https://glendon.academia.edu/ValerieSchoof"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="21067949"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067949/Refining_the_pole_and_collar_method_of_restraint_emphasizing_the_use_of_positive_training_techniques_with_rhesus_macaques_Macaca_mulatta_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Refining the pole-and-collar method of restraint: emphasizing the use of positive training techniques with rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067949/Refining_the_pole_and_collar_method_of_restraint_emphasizing_the_use_of_positive_training_techniques_with_rhesus_macaques_Macaca_mulatta_">Refining the pole-and-collar method of restraint: emphasizing the use of positive training techniques with rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MollieBloomsmith">Mollie Bloomsmith</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JenniferMcMillan1">Jennifer McMillan</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The pole-and-collar method is one of several techniques that enable the safe transfer of a nonhum...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The pole-and-collar method is one of several techniques that enable the safe transfer of a nonhuman primate from its home environment into a restraint chair without the need for sedation. It has been used within the scientific community for decades. Traditional methods to train animals for pole-and-collar use rely primarily on aspects of negative reinforcement, with very little incorporation of positive-reinforcement techniques. With increasing emphasis on animal training and welfare, research facilities are incorporating positive-reinforcement training into husbandry and experimental procedures. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of training rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta; n = 8) to cooperate for pole-and-collar transfer to a primate restraint chair. By using predominantly positive-reinforcement techniques, with supplemental elements of negative reinforcement, macaques were trained in a mean of 85 training sessions (a mean of 1085 min of training time). We also provide tools for ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="714bd1c134e5ca520da2da1fc736446c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":42417236,"asset_id":21067949,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42417236/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="21067949"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21067949"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067949; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "714bd1c134e5ca520da2da1fc736446c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=21067949]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":21067949,"title":"Refining the pole-and-collar method of restraint: emphasizing the use of positive training techniques with rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21067949/Refining_the_pole_and_collar_method_of_restraint_emphasizing_the_use_of_positive_training_techniques_with_rhesus_macaques_Macaca_mulatta_","owner_id":42289183,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":42289183,"first_name":"Mollie","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bloomsmith","page_name":"MollieBloomsmith","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-28T12:44:56.568-08:00","display_name":"Mollie Bloomsmith","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MollieBloomsmith"},"attachments":[{"id":42417236,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg","file_name":"Refining_the_Pole-and-Collar_Method_of_R20160208-14055-1oqj9o3.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42417236/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Refining_the_pole_and_collar_method_of_r.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/42417236/Refining_the_Pole-and-Collar_Method_of_R20160208-14055-1oqj9o3-libre.pdf?1454977929=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRefining_the_pole_and_collar_method_of_r.pdf\u0026Expires=1740892743\u0026Signature=IeN2hz3inW915rotRHFORSF9SFr5qOIWAjA5mrqyUHn6H-evjmkVCUEe5qP1FBI24y8EaQZj~hevr8FKQ50v1HnP9k78umHwJdeag9DPqGmy-UAzT4pipee4WbqYH1bAq0AtpIeXWV~0dD3ZkY6ALzeY2nMwD7OEO6h5vupIJA2hR-vThJlNnV1RM3sc459nhZu59Gd38Qb2QliO-ghalnvvOswN-DY9DA-sOUfvBiT7CWA1Wma0nymAhh-JGjHzgmXpEV3GNQm9~xOob1MDHMSOP-kW9MYvtxGlVYDvuEp6Z6Oiek6vMUTuuJDOt6BVu8CsygSfwHZPXxx8Gjnk-g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="20933181"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/20933181/Early_Rearing_Conditions_and_Captive_Chimpanzee_Behavior_Some_Surprising_Findings"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Early Rearing Conditions and Captive Chimpanzee Behavior: Some Surprising Findings" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41635005/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/20933181/Early_Rearing_Conditions_and_Captive_Chimpanzee_Behavior_Some_Surprising_Findings">Early Rearing Conditions and Captive Chimpanzee Behavior: Some Surprising Findings</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MollieBloomsmith">Mollie Bloomsmith</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://tulane.academia.edu/KateBaker">Kate Baker</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SusanLambeth">Susan Lambeth</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Nursery Rearing of Nonhuman Primates in the 21st Century</span><span>, 2006</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4cd54107bcce3334663822b67d66ca6a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":41635005,"asset_id":20933181,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41635005/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="20933181"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="20933181"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20933181; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4cd54107bcce3334663822b67d66ca6a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=20933181]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":20933181,"title":"Early Rearing Conditions and Captive Chimpanzee Behavior: Some Surprising Findings","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/20933181/Early_Rearing_Conditions_and_Captive_Chimpanzee_Behavior_Some_Surprising_Findings","owner_id":32407835,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":32407835,"first_name":"Kate","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Baker","page_name":"KateBaker","domain_name":"tulane","created_at":"2015-06-21T14:33:29.563-07:00","display_name":"Kate Baker","url":"https://tulane.academia.edu/KateBaker"},"attachments":[{"id":41635005,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41635005/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Early_Rearing_Conditions_and_Captive_Chi20160127-16059-1gh0zl8.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41635005/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Early_Rearing_Conditions_and_Captive_Chi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/41635005/Early_Rearing_Conditions_and_Captive_Chi20160127-16059-1gh0zl8-libre.pdf?1453902543=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEarly_Rearing_Conditions_and_Captive_Chi.pdf\u0026Expires=1740892743\u0026Signature=fNqxXtDauAl7vz-8fr4FzJhrE6UICH-CSMQ5fSF~WbewUZS-UJwZigQ3J1gVw8M8da0ZlNRmE8QJHkxNp3KfNqNU4p2J7fdoTjFHyQQ4DhXvfhiXASxXMaIbUByZnz6FRcRpGM2pwh0rDpgAt7ZeuK0SuZuwcODIUcf2kJJXSpgXyRp5enuHvJ2jBYaLfXXqE8aQ29JZqGbuQyQ6kn7evZKwFcIWIkbcTdNAge82o0Or3LLOIn0-qAmgKIB6-F-f7z5MbmGQKm9wBTTGoV0oI595u48pmkhHFji1TyztjfTjBzrQOvay8V51AXdUP0olOH8bHsuUOcD4PhFqNuHh6A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="21067947"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067947/Simple_visual_discrimination_training_of_the_giant_panda"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Simple visual discrimination training of the giant panda" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067947/Simple_visual_discrimination_training_of_the_giant_panda">Simple visual discrimination training of the giant panda</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PsycEXTRA Dataset</span><span>, 2000</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="21067947"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21067947"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067947; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21067947]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21067947]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067947; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='21067947']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=21067947]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":21067947,"title":"Simple visual discrimination training of the giant panda","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21067947/Simple_visual_discrimination_training_of_the_giant_panda","owner_id":42289183,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":42289183,"first_name":"Mollie","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bloomsmith","page_name":"MollieBloomsmith","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-28T12:44:56.568-08:00","display_name":"Mollie Bloomsmith","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MollieBloomsmith"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="21067945"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067945/Addressing_nonhuman_primate_behavioral_problems_through_the_application_of_operant_conditioning_Is_the_human_treatment_approach_a_useful_model"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Addressing nonhuman primate behavioral problems through the application of operant conditioning: Is the human treatment approach a useful model?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41699375/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067945/Addressing_nonhuman_primate_behavioral_problems_through_the_application_of_operant_conditioning_Is_the_human_treatment_approach_a_useful_model">Addressing nonhuman primate behavioral problems through the application of operant conditioning: Is the human treatment approach a useful model?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Applied Animal Behaviour Science</span><span>, 2007</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Training by the systematic application of operant conditioning has been widely applied in the car...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Training by the systematic application of operant conditioning has been widely applied in the care, management, exhibition, and study of nonhuman primates and many other species, but is less often used to control problematic animal behavior such as stereotyped behavior or self-injurious behavior. We review the topographical features and causal factors of stereotyped and self-injurious behavior in captive nonhuman primates,</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b6a316d32351c087b6dbbeab8653032c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":41699375,"asset_id":21067945,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41699375/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="21067945"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21067945"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067945; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="21067943"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067943/Positive_reinforcement_training_to_elicit_voluntary_movement_of_two_giant_pandas_throughout_their_enclosure"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Positive reinforcement training to elicit voluntary movement of two giant pandas throughout their enclosure" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41699374/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067943/Positive_reinforcement_training_to_elicit_voluntary_movement_of_two_giant_pandas_throughout_their_enclosure">Positive reinforcement training to elicit voluntary movement of two giant pandas throughout their enclosure</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MollieBloomsmith">Mollie Bloomsmith</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RebeccaSnyder4">Rebecca Snyder</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Zoo Biology</span><span>, 2003</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">There is a great deal of interest in applying positive reinforcement training to improve the care...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">There is a great deal of interest in applying positive reinforcement training to improve the care and management of captive animals. The purpose of the present study was to test the usefulness of positive reinforcement training in managing the ''shifting'' behavior of two, young giant pandas. This report describes the steps in the training process, the amount of personnel time required, compliance by the pandas and a brief analysis of contextual factors affecting their perfomance. Positive reinforcement training techniques successfully increased the pandas' level of compliance during times of day when they were not routinely asked to move through doorways. During the last 15 training sessions in the seven months that were evaluated for this study, the compliance of each of the two pandas was 87% during routine times and 89% during non-routine times. Each panda was typically trained during three or four sessions per week, and the mean session duration was 12 minutes; trainers spent a mean of 46 minutes per panda per week on training this behavior. An analysis of the effects of context (on-going activities at the time a command to shift was given) indicated that most of the time (66%), even when there was a potentially distracting activity taking place, the pandas still responded to the first or second command given. As a wider range of animal species is being trained in zoo settings, unique challenges need to be considered when designing training progams for each of them.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="09188e437ac7fbf14bad711d8b243924" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":41699374,"asset_id":21067943,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41699374/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="21067943"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21067943"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067943; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="21067941"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067941/The_use_of_technology_to_enhance_zoological_parks"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The use of technology to enhance zoological parks" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41699365/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067941/The_use_of_technology_to_enhance_zoological_parks">The use of technology to enhance zoological parks</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MollieBloomsmith">Mollie Bloomsmith</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BonniePerdue">Bonnie Perdue</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DiannGaalema">Diann Gaalema</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Zoo Biology</span><span>, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Technology can be used in a zoological setting to improve visitor experience, increase research o...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Technology can be used in a zoological setting to improve visitor experience, increase research opportunities, and enhance animal welfare. Evaluating the quality of these technological innovations and their use by nonhuman and human counterparts is a critical part of extending the uses of technology to enhance animal welfare and visitor experience at zoological parks. Survey data from a small sample of institutions housing primates suggest that computers, television, radio, and sprinklers are the most prevalent types of technological enrichment currently used. Survey respondents were positive about the technology implemented, stating a desire to increase its use.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="67869201731ddc1a0797e2a7859d4a92" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":41699365,"asset_id":21067941,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41699365/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="21067941"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21067941"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067941; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21067941]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21067941]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067941; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='21067941']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "67869201731ddc1a0797e2a7859d4a92" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=21067941]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":21067941,"title":"The use of technology to enhance zoological parks","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21067941/The_use_of_technology_to_enhance_zoological_parks","owner_id":42289183,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":42289183,"first_name":"Mollie","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bloomsmith","page_name":"MollieBloomsmith","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-28T12:44:56.568-08:00","display_name":"Mollie Bloomsmith","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MollieBloomsmith"},"attachments":[{"id":41699365,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41699365/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"The_use_of_technology_to_enhance_zoologi20160128-27555-120fm9r.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41699365/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_use_of_technology_to_enhance_zoologi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/41699365/The_use_of_technology_to_enhance_zoologi20160128-27555-120fm9r-libre.pdf?1454014149=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_use_of_technology_to_enhance_zoologi.pdf\u0026Expires=1740892743\u0026Signature=b5FyVA22m~fPHNKFGDyAJjHOdrBeI8AMAcJ8ontseMRec4gp6Wo94epnmYxy1qZMnQg0hGniPw8N8wmf5-fS3vBZhSD0bB1fNDIVdrZbPO5uL7WjcHi0jAV0wO78X5aGsCoZ0CZZ3ZRrwMQ8Irq3cicp-NI~H544lWe9ua68m~oFqDmG04g4t8qflWIM5GEioXjdNFsgt7jlf2xfyHBozj9YEj7XagNBw5ynrg2-lj6Ii9UIur3g~8UfN15JHnfPgGoUhE2pEMrbrV0zu2jfNLvMREVF16ZBeMSuXzArQoA9h5dL9sYDSZr~djl4c0ACLlrJHSHff-RSosRFePvYZA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="21067940"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067940/To_hunt_or_not_to_hunt_A_feeding_enrichment_experiment_with_captive_large_felids"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of To hunt or not to hunt? A feeding enrichment experiment with captive large felids" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41699369/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067940/To_hunt_or_not_to_hunt_A_feeding_enrichment_experiment_with_captive_large_felids">To hunt or not to hunt? A feeding enrichment experiment with captive large felids</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Zoo Biology</span><span>, 2003</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">It is often difficult to promote the successful performance of feeding behaviors in zoos, especia...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">It is often difficult to promote the successful performance of feeding behaviors in zoos, especially for carnivores. Feeding enrichment provides these opportunities and often improves behavioral indications of an animal's well-being and the experience of the zoo visitor. The effectiveness of two different feeding enrichment techniques was evaluated on five subjects in two species of felids: African lions and Sumatran tigers. The activity budgets of each cat were compared before, during, and after enrichment, focusing on activity levels, frequency and variety of feeding behaviors, and occurrence of stereotypic behaviors. The presentation of live fish increased the variety and frequency of feeding behaviors, while presentation of horse leg bones increased the frequency of these behaviors. Fish reduced the tigers' stereotypic behavior from 60% of scans to 30% of scans on the day of presentation, and this change was maintained for 2 days following enrichment. Bone presentation also reduced stereotypic behavior and increased nonstereotypic activity in both species. Both of these techniques appear to have sustained effects on behavior lasting at least 2 days after presentation, which may indicate their ability to alter the animals' underlying activity patterns.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="264e0d93f56bd271e57d97a3da20aa39" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":41699369,"asset_id":21067940,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41699369/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="21067940"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21067940"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067940; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21067940]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21067940]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067940; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='21067940']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "264e0d93f56bd271e57d97a3da20aa39" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=21067940]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":21067940,"title":"To hunt or not to hunt? A feeding enrichment experiment with captive large felids","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21067940/To_hunt_or_not_to_hunt_A_feeding_enrichment_experiment_with_captive_large_felids","owner_id":42289183,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":42289183,"first_name":"Mollie","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Bloomsmith","page_name":"MollieBloomsmith","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-28T12:44:56.568-08:00","display_name":"Mollie Bloomsmith","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MollieBloomsmith"},"attachments":[{"id":41699369,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41699369/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"zoo.10065.pdf20160128-27555-vn4lfo","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41699369/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"To_hunt_or_not_to_hunt_A_feeding_enrichm.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/41699369/zoo.10065-libre.pdf20160128-27555-vn4lfo?1454014149=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTo_hunt_or_not_to_hunt_A_feeding_enrichm.pdf\u0026Expires=1740892743\u0026Signature=NIj-3aJH0qsk5M5mDOOH8t1wOHG9LPhfflQ8QJkn9BdgDNqjmSVJf4nOQSD5Exm2j7yh23l0eyTlxQndWNrSPz-djGMxT6KcmqOD~x9KlKuRnIF1VdS9CvAEQxGOWwd96Nmufw0Oz2yJ5QmnAvI8O-qPWoi27wz9~7BUXtLMPZ8RIbqDjQLpfsdI1ia4ymHn4nJHK3BY4oyowKNsPY1Ohvgq~pmhIl5OEwMrOKln6DW0t3GayzkVBoA0MVtTSPidmNB6ERRrR4cYk9xhQwZlIDPOoHvoAp3n0YuhQt3YTcuetRvODqfvEpM~eyIwkv7Q2~s~S0-6oq4Z17vZbQwo0w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="21067939"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067939/Removing_milk_from_captive_gorilla_diets_The_impact_on_regurgitation_and_reingestion_R_R_and_other_behaviors"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Removing milk from captive gorilla diets: The impact on regurgitation and reingestion (R/R) and other behaviors" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41699376/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067939/Removing_milk_from_captive_gorilla_diets_The_impact_on_regurgitation_and_reingestion_R_R_and_other_behaviors">Removing milk from captive gorilla diets: The impact on regurgitation and reingestion (R/R) and other behaviors</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Zoo Biology</span><span>, 1999</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">To test whether milk consumption facilitates performance of regurgitation and reingestion (R/R) i...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">To test whether milk consumption facilitates performance of regurgitation and reingestion (R/R) in captive gorillas, an experiment was conducted in which milk was removed from the gorilla diet at Zoo Atlanta. The study was conducted using a withdrawal design (BTB), in which a baseline period (B) of 10 days was followed by a treatment period (T) of 10 days, followed by a return to the baseline feeding protocol (B) for 10 days. The experiment was conducted in two phases: first, identifying whether the incidence of R/R was decreased by replacing milk with an equal volume of diluted fruit juice, and second, identifying whether the incidence of R/R was decreased by replacing milk with a smaller volume of undiluted fruit juice. Removal of milk from the diet led to a significant decrease in R/R in both phases and an increase in feeding behavior during the first phase. Seasonal differences in baseline behavior were also observed. The current study provides evidence that removal of milk from the captive gorilla diet may reduce undesirable behaviors such as R/R and may be a step toward better approximating the natural diet for captive gorillas.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2063459155948a4aa55b0b4b6f3e6029" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":41699376,"asset_id":21067939,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41699376/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="21067939"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21067939"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067939; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="21067938"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067938/Post_occupancy_evaluation_of_zoo_Atlantas_Giant_Panda_Conservation_Center_Staff_and_visitor_reactions"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Post-occupancy evaluation of zoo Atlanta's Giant Panda Conservation Center: Staff and visitor reactions" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41699371/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067938/Post_occupancy_evaluation_of_zoo_Atlantas_Giant_Panda_Conservation_Center_Staff_and_visitor_reactions">Post-occupancy evaluation of zoo Atlanta's Giant Panda Conservation Center: Staff and visitor reactions</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Zoo Biology</span><span>, 2003</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">which presented an opportunity to evaluate the new giant panda exhibit. The present study documen...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">which presented an opportunity to evaluate the new giant panda exhibit. The present study documents the reactions of staff and visitors to Zoo Atlanta's Giant Panda Conservation Center by a post-occupancy evaluation (POE). Confidential interviews were conducted with 23 staff, and 145 zoo visitors completed questionnaires. Staff and visitors were asked to assign quality ratings to specific areas of the exhibit, and complete a series of open-ended questions. The findings suggest that staff and visitors evaluated Zoo Atlanta's giant panda exhibit favorably. On a five-point scale, the exhibit received mean ratings of 3.64 from the staff and 4.50 from the visitors. With a few exceptions, most areas of the exhibit met or exceeded staff expectations. Staff and visitors identified a number of strengths and weaknesses of the exhibit. Staff most frequently recommended changes to the pandas' space and the ability to address husbandry issues, while a large number of visitors did not suggest any changes, or did not respond to the question. Visitors that did respond to the question most often recommended that the zoo display additional pandas and modify the pandas' space. There were no significant differences in visitors' ratings of the different areas of the enclosure, or in their overall impressions of the exhibit, as a function of the pandas' location. The results are examined in terms of general implications for zoo exhibit design, construction, and evaluation, and in light of the goals of Grant sponsor: Zoo Atlanta.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="08075997f582bae534571f57adaf474d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":41699371,"asset_id":21067938,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41699371/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="21067938"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21067938"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067938; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="21067937"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067937/Factors_determining_tool_using_ability_in_two_captive_chimpanzee_Pan_troglodytes_colonies"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Factors determining tool-using ability in two captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) colonies" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41699363/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067937/Factors_determining_tool_using_ability_in_two_captive_chimpanzee_Pan_troglodytes_colonies">Factors determining tool-using ability in two captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) colonies</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Primates</span><span>, 1995</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The influence of several determinants of performance in a reaching tool task were studied: rearin...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The influence of several determinants of performance in a reaching tool task were studied: rearing history, object experience, and gender. Forty-five chimpanzees between the ages of 7 and 36 years served as subjects. They were chosen from two facilities, each group having different levels of tool experience. Each group was made up of individuals from three rearing conditions: wild born, captive mother reared, and captive nursery reared. Results indicated that wild-born subjects were better at the task than were both groups of captive-born subjects, who performed similarly. Previous experience with reaching tools was not a significant factor in the determination of tool-using ability. Gender differences were not apparent for either group, and the range of ages of chimpanzees tested was not related to tool-using ability.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="90a8cf83125092a0e5c3ada43ddbd971" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":41699363,"asset_id":21067937,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41699363/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="21067937"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21067937"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067937; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="21067936"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067936/Color_vision_in_the_giant_panda_Ailuropoda_melanoleuca_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Color vision in the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41699370/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067936/Color_vision_in_the_giant_panda_Ailuropoda_melanoleuca_">Color vision in the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Learning & Behavior</span><span>, 2006</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="63ab61df4ff338e6facff8725ec8f507" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":41699370,"asset_id":21067936,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41699370/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="21067936"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21067936"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067936; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="21067935"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067935/Relative_Numerousness_Judgment_and_Summation_in_Young_and_Old_Western_Lowland_Gorillas"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Relative Numerousness Judgment and Summation in Young and Old Western Lowland Gorillas" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41699387/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067935/Relative_Numerousness_Judgment_and_Summation_in_Young_and_Old_Western_Lowland_Gorillas">Relative Numerousness Judgment and Summation in Young and Old Western Lowland Gorillas</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Comparative Psychology</span><span>, 2005</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The relationship between age, relative numerousness judgment, and summation was investigated in 1...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The relationship between age, relative numerousness judgment, and summation was investigated in 11 Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). Experiments 1 and 2 evaluated the gorillas' ability to select the larger of 2 food quantities before and with training. The majority of gorillas did not reliably select the larger quantity in Experiment 1 until receiving training to do so in Experiment 2. Experiment 3 evaluated their ability to select the larger of 2 pairs of quantities. All gorillas selected the larger pair more often than chance, and the old were less accurate and slower than were the young. For most gorillas, performance in relative numerousness judgment with training and summation was comparable with previous reports in chimpanzees and orangutans.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="61bc092b1b74931c49a268a80429374f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":41699387,"asset_id":21067935,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41699387/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="21067935"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21067935"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067935; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="21067934"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067934/FUNCTIONAL_ANALYSIS_AND_TREATMENT_OF_HUMAN_DIRECTED_UNDESIRABLE_BEHAVIOR_EXHIBITED_BY_A_CAPTIVE_CHIMPANZEE"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS AND TREATMENT OF HUMAN-DIRECTED UNDESIRABLE BEHAVIOR EXHIBITED BY A CAPTIVE CHIMPANZEE" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41699390/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/21067934/FUNCTIONAL_ANALYSIS_AND_TREATMENT_OF_HUMAN_DIRECTED_UNDESIRABLE_BEHAVIOR_EXHIBITED_BY_A_CAPTIVE_CHIMPANZEE">FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS AND TREATMENT OF HUMAN-DIRECTED UNDESIRABLE BEHAVIOR EXHIBITED BY A CAPTIVE CHIMPANZEE</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis</span><span>, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A functional analysis identified the reinforcer maintaining feces throwing and spitting exhibited...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A functional analysis identified the reinforcer maintaining feces throwing and spitting exhibited by a captive adult chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). The implementation of a function-based treatment combining extinction with differential reinforcement of an alternate behavior decreased levels of inappropriate behavior. These findings further demonstrate the utility of function-based approaches to assess and treat behavior problems exhibited by captive animals.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c814defa57e2e7b8ebd3a37551fb679c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":41699390,"asset_id":21067934,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41699390/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="21067934"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21067934"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21067934; 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