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also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div 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class="mw-page-title-main">Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRIS_(%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF)" title="IRIS (телескоп) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="IRIS (телескоп)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interface_Region_Imaging_Spectrograph" title="Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interface_Region_Imaging_Spectrograph" title="Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interface_Region_Imaging_Spectrograph" title="Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B7_%D8%B7%DB%8C%D9%81%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87" title="رابط طیف‌سنجی تصویربرداری منطقه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رابط طیف‌سنجی تصویربرداری منطقه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interface_Region_Imaging_Spectrograph" title="Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4_%EC%9C%84%EC%84%B1" title="아이리스 위성 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아이리스 위성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interface_Region_Imaging_Spectrograph" title="Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interface_Region_Imaging_Spectrograph" title="Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRIS" title="IRIS – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="IRIS" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRIS_(Saules_observatorija)" title="IRIS (Saules observatorija) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="IRIS (Saules observatorija)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D" title="ഇന്റർഫേസ് റീജ്യൻ ഇമേജിങ് സ്‌പെക്‌ട്രോഗ്രാഫ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇന്റർഫേസ് റീജ്യൻ ഇമേജിങ് സ്‌പെക്‌ട്രോഗ്രാഫ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spektrograf_Pengimejan_Kawasan_Antaramuka" title="Spektrograf Pengimejan Kawasan Antaramuka – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Spektrograf Pengimejan Kawasan Antaramuka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRIS_(%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F)" title="IRIS (人工衛星) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="IRIS (人工衛星)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interface_Region_Imaging_Spectrograph" title="Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interface_Region_Imaging_Spectrograph" title="Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interface_Region_Imaging_Spectrograph" title="Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRIS_(%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="IRIS (спутник) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="IRIS (спутник)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRIS_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="IRIS (космічна обсерваторія) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="IRIS (космічна обсерваторія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E9%81%8E%E6%B8%A1%E5%B1%A4%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E5%85%89%E8%AD%9C%E5%84%80%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="太陽過渡層成像光譜儀衛星 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="太陽過渡層成像光譜儀衛星" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1089065853">.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight{width:25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight .infobox-header{background:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .ib-edit-wd{float:right}</style><table class="infobox ib-spaceflight"><caption class="infobox-title">Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IRIS_spacecraft_model.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/IRIS_spacecraft_model.png/300px-IRIS_spacecraft_model.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/IRIS_spacecraft_model.png/450px-IRIS_spacecraft_model.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/IRIS_spacecraft_model.png/600px-IRIS_spacecraft_model.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1412" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (Explorer 94) satellite</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Names</th><td class="infobox-data">Explorer 94<br />IRIS<br />SMEX-12</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Heliophysics" title="Heliophysics">Heliophysics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Designator" title="International Designator">COSPAR ID</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2013-033A">2013-033A</a></span><span class="ib-edit-wd"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q588628#P247" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Catalog_Number" title="Satellite Catalog Number">SATCAT <abbr title="number">no.</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data">39197</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission duration</th><td class="infobox-data">2 years (planned)<br />11 years, 4 months, 26 days <i>(in progress)</i></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Spacecraft properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spacecraft</th><td class="infobox-data">Explorer XCIV</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spacecraft type</th><td class="infobox-data">Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_bus" title="Satellite bus">Bus</a></th><td class="infobox-data">IRIS</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch mass</th><td class="infobox-data">200 kg (440 lb)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Start of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch date</th><td class="infobox-data">28 June 2013, 02:27:46 <a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rocket</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_Pegasus" title="Northrop Grumman Pegasus">Pegasus-XL</a> (F42)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch site</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Space_Force_Base" title="Vandenberg Space Force Base">Vandenberg</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Stargazer_(aircraft)" title="Stargazer (aircraft)">Stargazer</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Contractor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_Sciences_Corporation" title="Orbital Sciences Corporation">Orbital Sciences Corporation</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Orbital parameters</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference system</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geocentric_orbit" title="Geocentric orbit">Geocentric orbit</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Regime</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sun-synchronous_orbit" title="Sun-synchronous orbit">Sun-synchronous orbit</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Perigee altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">623 km (387 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Apogee altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">665 km (413 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">Inclination</a></th><td class="infobox-data">97.90°</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">Period</a></th><td class="infobox-data">97.47 minutes</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Instruments</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div class="" style="width:100%; text-align:center; border-top:1px #aaa solid"><b>Explorer program</b></div><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/NuSTAR" title="NuSTAR">NuSTAR</a> (Explorer 93)</div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Gravity_and_Extreme_Magnetism_Small_Explorer" title="Gravity and Extreme Magnetism Small Explorer">GEMS</a> (Explorer) →</div></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph</b> (<b>IRIS</b>),<sup id="cite_ref-Display_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Display-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also called <b>Explorer 94</b> and <b>SMEX-12</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-Explorer-satellites_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Explorer-satellites-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> solar observation satellite. The mission was funded through the <a href="/wiki/Small_Explorer_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Small Explorer program">Small Explorer program</a> to investigate the physical conditions of the solar limb, particularly the interface region made up of the <a href="/wiki/Chromosphere" title="Chromosphere">chromosphere</a> and <a href="/wiki/Solar_transition_region" title="Solar transition region">transition region</a>. The spacecraft consists of a <a href="/wiki/Satellite_bus" title="Satellite bus">satellite bus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spectrometer" title="Spectrometer">spectrometer</a> built by the <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a> Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory (LMSAL), and a telescope provided by the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Astrophysical_Observatory" title="Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory">Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory</a> (SAO). IRIS is operated by LMSAL and NASA's <a href="/wiki/Ames_Research_Center" title="Ames Research Center">Ames Research Center</a>. </p><p>The satellite's instrument is a high-frame-rate ultraviolet <a href="/wiki/Imaging_spectrometer" title="Imaging spectrometer">imaging spectrometer</a>, providing one image per second at 0.3 <a href="/wiki/Minute_and_second_of_arc" title="Minute and second of arc">arcsecond</a> angular resolution and sub-<a href="/wiki/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m" class="mw-redirect" title="Ångström">ångström</a> spectral resolution. </p><p>NASA announced, on 19 June 2009, that IRIS was selected from six Small Explorer mission candidates for further study,<sup id="cite_ref-nasa20080529_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa20080529-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with the <a href="/wiki/Gravity_and_Extreme_Magnetism" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravity and Extreme Magnetism">Gravity and Extreme Magnetism</a> (GEMS) space observatory.<sup id="cite_ref-nasa20090619_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa20090619-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission">Mission</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interface_Region_Imaging_Spectrograph&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Mission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>IRIS is intended to advance Sun-Earth connection studies by tracing the flow of energy and plasma into the corona and <a href="/wiki/Heliosphere" title="Heliosphere">heliosphere</a> for which no suitable observations exist. To achieve this IRIS obtains a high-resolution UV spectra and images of the Sun's chromosphere, specifically on the non-thermal energy that creates the <a href="/wiki/Stellar_corona" title="Stellar corona">corona</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Solar_wind" title="Solar wind">solar wind</a>. IRIS seeks to determine: (1) the types of non-thermal energy which dominate in the chromosphere and beyond; (2) the means by which the chromosphere regulates mass and energy supply to the corona and heliosphere; and, (3) how magnetic flux and matter rise through the lower solar atmosphere, and the role played by flux emergence in flares and mass ejections. To answer these questions, IRIS utilize a single instrument, a multi-channel imaging spectrograph.<sup id="cite_ref-Display_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Display-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 312px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 310px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IRIS_observatory_overview.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/IRIS_observatory_overview.png/465px-IRIS_observatory_overview.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/IRIS_observatory_overview.png 1.5x" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="445" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 314.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 312.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IRIS_spectrograph_assembly.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/IRIS_spectrograph_assembly.png/469px-IRIS_spectrograph_assembly.png" decoding="async" width="313" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/IRIS_spectrograph_assembly.png 1.5x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="384" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Launch">Launch</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interface_Region_Imaging_Spectrograph&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Launch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The spacecraft arrived at <a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Space_Force_Base" title="Vandenberg Space Force Base">Vandenberg Air Force Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, on 16 April 2013 and was successfully deployed from an <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-1011_TriStar" title="Lockheed L-1011 TriStar">Orbital L-1011</a> carrier aircraft flying over the Pacific Ocean at an altitude of 12,000 m (39,000 ft), roughly 160 km (99 mi) northwest of Vandenberg. The launch vehicle was dropped at 02:27:46 UTC on 28 June 2013 (7:27 p.m. PDT on 27 June 2013) by a <a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_Pegasus" title="Northrop Grumman Pegasus">Pegasus-XL</a> launch vehicle.<sup id="cite_ref-nasa20130417_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa20130417-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nasa20130628_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa20130628-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Display_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Display-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Experiment">Experiment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interface_Region_Imaging_Spectrograph&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Experiment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interface_Region_Imaging_Spectrograph_(IRIS)"><span id="Interface_Region_Imaging_Spectrograph_.28IRIS.29"></span>Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interface_Region_Imaging_Spectrograph&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The IRIS instrument is a multi-channel imaging spectrograph with a 19 cm (7.5 in) <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" title="Ultraviolet">ultraviolet</a> telescope. IRIS obtains a spectra along a slit (1/3 arcsecond wide), and slit-jaw images. The <a href="/wiki/Charge-coupled_device" title="Charge-coupled device">charge-coupled device</a> (CCD) detectors has 1/6 arcsecond <a href="/wiki/Pixel" title="Pixel">pixels</a>. IRIS will have an effective <a href="/wiki/Spatial_resolution" title="Spatial resolution">spatial resolution</a> between 0.33 and 0.40 arcsecond and a maximum <a href="/wiki/Field_of_view" title="Field of view">field of view</a> (FoV) of 120 arcseconds. The far-ultraviolet channel covers 133.2-135.8 nm and 139.0-140.6 nm with an 0.04 nm resolution and an effective area of 2.8 cm<sup>2</sup> (0.43 sq in). The near-ultraviolet channel covers 278.5-283.5 nm with an 0.08 nm resolution and an effective area of 0.3 cm<sup>2</sup> (0.047 sq in).<sup id="cite_ref-foo_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Slit-jaw imaging has four <a href="/wiki/Passband" title="Passband">passbands</a>: 133.5 nm and 140.0 nm with a 4 nm bandpass each; and 279.6 nm and 283.1 nm with a 0.4 nm bandpass each. IRIS has a high data rate (0.7 <a href="/wiki/Data-rate_units" title="Data-rate units">Mbit/s</a> on average) so that the baseline cadence is 5 seconds for slit-jaw images and 1 second for six spectral windows, including rapid rastering to map solar regions.<sup id="cite_ref-Experiment1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Experiment1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Science_results">Science results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interface_Region_Imaging_Spectrograph&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Science results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>IRIS achieved <a href="/wiki/First_light_(astronomy)" title="First light (astronomy)">first light</a> on 17 July 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-firstlight_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-firstlight-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NASA noted that "IRIS's first images showed a multitude of thin, fibril-like structures that have never been seen before, revealing enormous contrasts in density and temperature occur throughout this region even between neighboring loops that are only a few hundred miles apart".<sup id="cite_ref-firstlight_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-firstlight-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 31 October 2013, calibrated IRIS data and images were released on the project website.<sup id="cite_ref-lmsal_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lmsal-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An open-access article describing the satellite and initial data was published in the journal <i>Solar Physics</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-DePontieu2014a_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DePontieu2014a-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Data collected from the IRIS spacecraft has shown that the interface region of the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> is significantly more complex than previously thought. This includes features described as solar heat bombs, high-speed plasma jets, nano-flares, and mini-tornadoes. These features are an important step in understanding the transfer of heat to the corona.<sup id="cite_ref-DePontieu2014b_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DePontieu2014b-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, IRIS detected tadpole like jets coming out from the Sun according to NASA.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 358px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 356px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/A_Slice_of_Light_How_IRIS_Observes_the_Sun.webm/534px--A_Slice_of_Light_How_IRIS_Observes_the_Sun.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="356" height="200" data-durationhint="67" data-mwtitle="A_Slice_of_Light_How_IRIS_Observes_the_Sun.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/A_Slice_of_Light_How_IRIS_Observes_the_Sun.webm/A_Slice_of_Light_How_IRIS_Observes_the_Sun.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/A_Slice_of_Light_How_IRIS_Observes_the_Sun.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/A_Slice_of_Light_How_IRIS_Observes_the_Sun.webm/A_Slice_of_Light_How_IRIS_Observes_the_Sun.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/A_Slice_of_Light_How_IRIS_Observes_the_Sun.webm/A_Slice_of_Light_How_IRIS_Observes_the_Sun.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/A_Slice_of_Light_How_IRIS_Observes_the_Sun.webm/A_Slice_of_Light_How_IRIS_Observes_the_Sun.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/A_Slice_of_Light_How_IRIS_Observes_the_Sun.webm/A_Slice_of_Light_How_IRIS_Observes_the_Sun.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/A_Slice_of_Light_How_IRIS_Observes_the_Sun.webm/A_Slice_of_Light_How_IRIS_Observes_the_Sun.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/A_Slice_of_Light_How_IRIS_Observes_the_Sun.webm/A_Slice_of_Light_How_IRIS_Observes_the_Sun.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Video of IRIS data from a solar flare on 11 March 2015</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 358px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 356px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iris-sdo-x1.6-20140910.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="X-class solar flare on Sept. 10, 2014"><img alt="X-class solar flare on Sept. 10, 2014" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Iris-sdo-x1.6-20140910.jpg/534px-Iris-sdo-x1.6-20140910.jpg" decoding="async" width="356" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Iris-sdo-x1.6-20140910.jpg/801px-Iris-sdo-x1.6-20140910.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Iris-sdo-x1.6-20140910.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1041" data-file-height="585" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">X-class solar flare on Sept. 10, 2014</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 224px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 222px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iris_20150428_100823_0.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="IRIS captured several large solar prominences on the edge of the Sun"><img alt="IRIS captured several large solar prominences on the edge of the Sun" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Iris_20150428_100823_0.gif/333px-Iris_20150428_100823_0.gif" decoding="async" width="222" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Iris_20150428_100823_0.gif/500px-Iris_20150428_100823_0.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Iris_20150428_100823_0.gif/667px-Iris_20150428_100823_0.gif 2x" data-file-width="1041" data-file-height="937" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">IRIS captured several large solar prominences on the edge of the Sun</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IRIS_Image_of_Sun_dec_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="IRIS view above the Sun's surface extending well out into the solar atmosphere"><img alt="IRIS view above the Sun's surface extending well out into the solar atmosphere" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/IRIS_Image_of_Sun_dec_2013.jpg/360px-IRIS_Image_of_Sun_dec_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/IRIS_Image_of_Sun_dec_2013.jpg/540px-IRIS_Image_of_Sun_dec_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/IRIS_Image_of_Sun_dec_2013.jpg/720px-IRIS_Image_of_Sun_dec_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="985" data-file-height="821" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">IRIS view above the Sun's surface extending well out into the solar atmosphere</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="IRIS_team">IRIS team</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interface_Region_Imaging_Spectrograph&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: IRIS team"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Science and engineering team members include:<sup id="cite_ref-lmsal_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lmsal-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_Solar_and_Astrophysics_Laboratory" title="Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory">Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory</a></li> <li>Lockheed Martin Sensing and Exploration Systems</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Astrophysical_Observatory" title="Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory">Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_State_University" title="Montana State University">Montana State University</a></li> <li>Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oslo" title="University of Oslo">University of Oslo</a></li> <li>High Altitude Observatory, <a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Atmospheric_Research" title="National Center for Atmospheric Research">National Center for Atmospheric Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a></li> <li>NASA <a href="/wiki/Ames_Research_Center" title="Ames Research Center">Ames Research Center</a></li> <li>NASA <a href="/wiki/Goddard_Space_Flight_Center" title="Goddard Space Flight Center">Goddard Space Flight Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Solar_Observatory" title="National Solar Observatory">National Solar Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Sciences_Laboratory" title="Space Sciences Laboratory">Space Sciences Laboratory</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_Plasma_Physics_Laboratory" title="Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory">Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory</a></li> <li>Sydney Institute for Astronomy, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Sydney" title="University of Sydney">University of Sydney</a></li> <li>Center for Plasma Astrophysics, <a href="/wiki/Katholieke_Universiteit_Leuven" class="mw-redirect" title="Katholieke Universiteit Leuven">Catholic University of Leuven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullard_Space_Science_Laboratory" title="Mullard Space Science Laboratory">Mullard Space Science Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutherford_Appleton_Laboratory" title="Rutherford Appleton Laboratory">Rutherford Appleton Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Solar_System_Research" title="Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research">Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Astronomical_Observatory_of_Japan" title="National Astronomical Observatory of Japan">National Astronomical Observatory of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr_Institute" title="Niels Bohr Institute">Niels Bohr Institute</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Copenhagen" title="University of Copenhagen">University of Copenhagen</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interface_Region_Imaging_Spectrograph&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 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.id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tadpole-Like+Jets+From+Sun+Add+New+Clue+to+Age-Old+Mystery&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=2019-02-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Ffeature%2Fgoddard%2F2019%2Fsolar-tadpole-like-jets-seen-with-nasa-s-iris-add-new-clue-to-age-old-mystery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterface+Region+Imaging+Spectrograph" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interface_Region_Imaging_Spectrograph&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:IRIS_(satellite)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:IRIS (satellite)">IRIS (satellite)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/iris">IRIS website</a> by NASA</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iris.gsfc.nasa.gov/">IRIS website</a> by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iris.lmsal.com/">IRIS website</a> by Lockheed Martin</li> <li>De Pontieu, B., Title, A.M., Lemen, J.R. et al. The Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) <i>Sol Phys</i> 289, 2733–2779 (2014) <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-014-0485-y">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-014-0485-y</a></li> <li>De Pontieu, B., Polito, V., Hansteen, V. et al. 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colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Explorers_Program_missions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Explorers Program missions">List of Explorers Program missions</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">1958–1992</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_1" title="Explorer 1">Explorer 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_2" title="Explorer 2">2</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_3" title="Explorer 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_4" title="Explorer 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_5" title="Explorer 5">5</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-1_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="S-1 (satellite)">S-1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_6" title="Explorer 6">6 (S-2)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_7" title="Explorer 7">7 (S-1A)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-46A" class="mw-redirect" title="S-46A">S-46A</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_8" title="Explorer 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-56_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="S-56 (satellite)">S-56</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_9" title="Explorer 9">9 (S-56A)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-45_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="S-45 (satellite)">S-45</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_10" title="Explorer 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_11" title="Explorer 11">11 (S-15)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-45A" class="mw-redirect" title="S-45A">S-45A</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-55_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="S-55 (satellite)">S-55</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_12" title="Explorer 12">12 (EPE-A)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_13" title="Explorer 13">13 (S-55A)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_14" title="Explorer 14">14 (EPE-B)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_15" title="Explorer 15">15 (EPE-C)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_16" title="Explorer 16">16 (S-55B)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_17" title="Explorer 17">17 (AE-A)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_18" title="Explorer 18">18 (IMP-A)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_19" title="Explorer 19">19 (AD-A)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-66A" class="mw-redirect" title="S-66A">S-66A (BE-A)</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_20" title="Explorer 20">20 (IE-A)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_21" title="Explorer 21">21 (IMP-B)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_22" title="Explorer 22">22 (BE-B)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_23" title="Explorer 23">23 (S-55C)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_24" title="Explorer 24">24 (AD-B)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injun_(satellite)" title="Injun (satellite)">25 (Injun 4, IE-B)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_26" title="Explorer 26">26 (EPE-D)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_27" title="Explorer 27">27 (BE-C)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_28" title="Explorer 28">28 (IMP-C)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_29" title="Explorer 29">29 (GEOS-A)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solrad_8" class="mw-redirect" title="Solrad 8">30 (Solrad 8)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_31" title="Explorer 31">31 (DME-A)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_32" title="Explorer 32">32 (AE-B)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_33" title="Explorer 33">33 (IMP-D)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_34" title="Explorer 34">34 (IMP-F)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_35" title="Explorer 35">35 (IMP-E)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_36" title="Explorer 36">36 (GEOS-B)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solrad_9" class="mw-redirect" title="Solrad 9">37 (Solrad 9)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_38" title="Explorer 38">38 (RAE-A)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_39" title="Explorer 39">39 (AD-C)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injun_(satellite)" title="Injun (satellite)">40 (Injun 5)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_41" title="Explorer 41">41 (IMP-G)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uhuru_(satellite)" title="Uhuru (satellite)">42 (Uhuru, SAS-A)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_43" title="Explorer 43">43 (IMP-I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solrad_10" class="mw-redirect" title="Solrad 10">44 (Solrad 10)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_45" title="Explorer 45">45 (SSS-A)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_46" title="Explorer 46">46 (MTS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_47" title="Explorer 47">47 (IMP-H)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Astronomy_Satellite_2" title="Small Astronomy Satellite 2">48 (SAS-B)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_49" title="Explorer 49">49 (RAE-B)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_50" title="Explorer 50">50 (IMP-J)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_51" title="Explorer 51">51 (AE-C)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_52" title="Explorer 52">52 (Hawkeye 1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Astronomy_Satellite_3" title="Small Astronomy Satellite 3">53 (SAS-C)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_54" title="Explorer 54">54 (AE-D)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_55" title="Explorer 55">55 (AE-E)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DADE-A" class="mw-redirect" title="DADE-A">DADE-A</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DADE-B" class="mw-redirect" title="DADE-B">DADE-B</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISEE-1" title="ISEE-1">56 (ISEE-1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Ultraviolet_Explorer" title="International Ultraviolet Explorer">57 (IUE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_Capacity_Mapping_Mission" title="Heat Capacity Mapping Mission">58 (HCMM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Cometary_Explorer" title="International Cometary Explorer">59 (ICE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_60" title="Explorer 60">60 (SAGE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magsat" class="mw-redirect" title="Magsat">61 (Magsat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamics_Explorer" title="Dynamics Explorer">62 (DE-1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamics_Explorer" title="Dynamics Explorer">63 (DE-2)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Mesosphere_Explorer" title="Solar Mesosphere Explorer">64 (SME)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge_Composition_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="Charge Composition Explorer">65 (CCE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Background_Explorer" title="Cosmic Background Explorer">66 (COBE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_Ultraviolet_Explorer" title="Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer">67 (EUVE)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><abbr title="Medium-Class Explorers">MIDEX</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rossi_X-ray_Timing_Explorer" title="Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer">69 (RXTE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Composition_Explorer" title="Advanced Composition Explorer"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">71 (ACE)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_Ultraviolet_Spectroscopic_Explorer" title="Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer">77 (FUSE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMAGE_(spacecraft)" title="IMAGE (spacecraft)">78 (IMAGE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe" title="Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe">80 (WMAP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full-sky_Astrometric_Mapping_Explorer" title="Full-sky Astrometric Mapping Explorer"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">FAME</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gehrels_Swift_Observatory" title="Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">84 (Swift)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THEMIS" title="THEMIS"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">85–89 (THEMIS)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide-field_Infrared_Survey_Explorer" title="Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">92 (WISE)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">95 (TESS)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionospheric_Connection_Explorer" title="Ionospheric Connection Explorer"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">96 (ICON)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SPHEREx" title="SPHEREx">SPHEREx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Multi-slit_Solar_Explorer" title="Multi-slit Solar Explorer">MUSE</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/HelioSwarm" title="HelioSwarm">HelioSwarm</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/UVEX" title="UVEX">UVEX</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Small_Explorer_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Small Explorer program">SMEX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Anomalous_and_Magnetospheric_Particle_Explorer" title="Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer">68 (SAMPEX)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_Auroral_Snapshot_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="Fast Auroral Snapshot Explorer">70 (FAST)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRACE" title="TRACE">73 (TRACE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submillimeter_Wave_Astronomy_Satellite" title="Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite">74 (SWAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide_Field_Infrared_Explorer" title="Wide Field Infrared Explorer">75 (WIRE)</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuven_Ramaty_High_Energy_Solar_Spectroscopic_Imager" title="Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager">81 (RHESSI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GALEX" title="GALEX">83 (GALEX)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeronomy_of_Ice_in_the_Mesosphere" title="Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">90 (AIM)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_Boundary_Explorer" title="Interstellar Boundary Explorer"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">91 (IBEX)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NuSTAR" title="NuSTAR"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">93 (NuSTAR)</span></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">94 (IRIS)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_and_Extreme_Magnetism" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravity and Extreme Magnetism"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">GEMS</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imaging_X-ray_Polarimetry_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">97 (IXPE)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polarimeter_to_Unify_the_Corona_and_Heliosphere" title="Polarimeter to Unify the Corona and Heliosphere">PUNCH</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tandem_Reconnection_and_Cusp_Electrodynamics_Reconnaissance_Satellites" title="Tandem Reconnection and Cusp Electrodynamics Reconnaissance Satellites">TRACERS</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Compton_Spectrometer_and_Imager" title="Compton Spectrometer and Imager">COSI</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><abbr title="University-class Explorers">UNEX</abbr>/<abbr title="Missions of Opportunity">MO</abbr>/<abbr title="International Missions">I</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Energy_Transient_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="High Energy Transient Explorer">HETE-1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_Nitric_Oxide_Explorer" title="Student Nitric Oxide Explorer">72 (SNOE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TERRIERS" class="mw-redirect" title="TERRIERS">76 (TERRIERS)</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Energy_Transient_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="High Energy Transient Explorer">79 (HETE-2)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INTEGRAL" title="INTEGRAL"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">INTEGRAL</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHIPSat" class="mw-redirect" title="CHIPSat">82 (CHIPSat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CINDI" title="CINDI">CINDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzaku_(satellite)" title="Suzaku (satellite)">Suzaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TWINS" title="TWINS"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">TWINS</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitomi_(satellite)" title="Hitomi (satellite)">Hitomi</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron_Star_Interior_Composition_Explorer" title="Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">NICER</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global-scale_Observations_of_the_Limb_and_Disk" title="Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">GOLD</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Ray_Imaging_and_Spectroscopy_Mission" title="X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">XRISM</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GUSTO_(telescope)" title="GUSTO (telescope)">GUSTO</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_Waves_Experiment" title="Atmospheric Waves Experiment">AWE</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sun_Radio_Interferometer_Space_Experiment" title="Sun Radio Interferometer Space Experiment">SunRISE</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Electrojet_Zeeman_Imaging_Explorer" title="Electrojet Zeeman Imaging Explorer">EZIE</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Contribution_to_ARIEL_Spectroscopy_of_Exoplanets" title="Contribution to ARIEL Spectroscopy of Exoplanets">CASE</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite_artist_concept_(transparent_background).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite_artist_concept_%28transparent_background%29.png/150px-Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite_artist_concept_%28transparent_background%29.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite_artist_concept_%28transparent_background%29.png/225px-Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite_artist_concept_%28transparent_background%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite_artist_concept_%28transparent_background%29.png/300px-Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite_artist_concept_%28transparent_background%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="850" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Proposals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Proposals" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Proposals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fast_Infrared_Exoplanet_Spectroscopy_Survey_Explorer" title="Fast Infrared Exoplanet Spectroscopy Survey Explorer">FINESSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcus_(satellite)" title="Arcus (satellite)">Arcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observatory_for_Heteroscale_Magnetosphere-Ionosphere_Coupling" title="Observatory for Heteroscale Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling">OHMIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmosphere-Space_Transition_Region_Explorer" title="Atmosphere-Space Transition Region Explorer">ASTRE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exoplanetary_Circumstellar_Environments_and_Disk_Explorer" title="Exoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer">EXCEDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme-ultraviolet_Stellar_Characterization_for_Atmospheric_Physics_and_Evolution" title="Extreme-ultraviolet Stellar Characterization for Atmospheric Physics and Evolution">ESCAPE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">Green titles</span> indicates active current missions</li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">Grey titles</span> indicates cancelled missions</li> <li><i>Italics</i> indicate missions yet to launch</li> <li>Symbol <sup>†</sup> indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Solar_space_missions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sun_spacecraft" title="Template:Sun spacecraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sun_spacecraft" title="Template talk:Sun spacecraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sun_spacecraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sun spacecraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Solar_space_missions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sun#Solar_space_missions" title="Sun">Solar space missions</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heliophysics_missions" title="List of heliophysics missions">List of heliophysics missions</a> - <a href="/wiki/List_of_solar_telescopes" title="List of solar telescopes">List of solar telescopes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Composition_Explorer" title="Advanced Composition Explorer">ACE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1997)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aditya-L1" title="Aditya-L1">Aditya-L1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2023)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Space-based_Solar_Observatory" title="Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory">ASO-S</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2022)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_H-alpha_Solar_Explorer" title="Chinese H-alpha Solar Explorer">CHASE (Xihe)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2021)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_Climate_Observatory" title="Deep Space Climate Observatory">DSCOVR</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinode_(satellite)" title="Hinode (satellite)">Hinode (Solar-B)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2006)</span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">IRIS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parker_Solar_Probe" title="Parker Solar Probe">Parker Solar Probe</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2018)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_and_Heliospheric_Observatory" title="Solar and Heliospheric Observatory">Solar and Heliospheric Observatory</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1995)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Dynamics_Observatory" title="Solar Dynamics Observatory">Solar Dynamics Observatory</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2010)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Orbiter" title="Solar Orbiter">Solar Orbiter</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2020)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEREO" title="STEREO">STEREO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2006)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_(spacecraft)" title="Wind (spacecraft)"><i>Wind</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1994)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Telescope_Mount" title="Apollo Telescope Mount">Apollo Telescope Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CORONAS_programme#CORONAS-I" title="CORONAS programme">CORONAS-I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CORONAS_programme#CORONAS-F" title="CORONAS programme">CORONAS-F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koronas-Foton" title="Koronas-Foton">CORONAS-Photon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Retrievable_Carrier" title="European Retrievable Carrier">EURECA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESRO_2B" title="ESRO 2B">ESRO 2B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_(spacecraft)" title="Genesis (spacecraft)"><i>Genesis</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOES_13" title="GOES 13">GOES 13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helios_(spacecraft)" title="Helios (spacecraft)"><i>Helios</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinotori_(satellite)" title="Hinotori (satellite)">Hinotori (Astro-A)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_50" title="Explorer 50">IMP-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISEE-1" title="ISEE-1">ISEE-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISEE-2" title="ISEE-2">ISEE-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Cometary_Explorer" title="International Cometary Explorer">ICE / ISEE-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_X-ray_Solar_Spectrometer_CubeSat" title="Miniature X-ray Solar Spectrometer CubeSat">MinXSS1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_X-ray_Solar_Spectrometer_CubeSat" title="Miniature X-ray Solar Spectrometer CubeSat">MinXSS2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Solar_Observatory" title="Orbiting Solar Observatory">Orbiting Solar Observatory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OSO_1" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO 1">OSO 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_2" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO 2">OSO 2</a>/<a href="/wiki/OSO_B" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO B">OSO B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_3" title="OSO 3">OSO 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_4" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO 4">OSO 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_5" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO 5">OSO 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_6" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO 6">OSO 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_7" title="OSO 7">OSO 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_8" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO 8">OSO 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solwind" title="Solwind">Solwind</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picard_(satellite)" title="Picard (satellite)">PICARD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_5" title="Pioneer 5">Pioneer 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_6,_7,_8,_and_9" title="Pioneer 6, 7, 8, and 9">Pioneer 6, 7, 8 and 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROBA-2" title="PROBA-2">PROBA-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prognoz_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prognoz (satellite)">Prognoz programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuven_Ramaty_High_Energy_Solar_Spectroscopic_Imager" title="Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager">RHESSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOLAR_(ISS)" title="SOLAR (ISS)">SOLAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Maximum_Mission" title="Solar Maximum Mission">SolarMax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-87#SPARTAN-201" title="STS-87">Spartan 201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Radiation_and_Thermospheric_Satellite" title="Solar Radiation and Thermospheric Satellite">Taiyo (SRATS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRACE" title="TRACE">TRACE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(spacecraft)" title="Ulysses (spacecraft)"><i>Ulysses</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yohkoh" title="Yohkoh">Yohkoh (Solar-A)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Planned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PROBA-3" title="PROBA-3">PROBA-3</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2024)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrojet_Zeeman_Imaging_Explorer" title="Electrojet Zeeman Imaging Explorer">Electrojet Zeeman Imaging Explorer</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polarimeter_to_Unify_the_Corona_and_Heliosphere" title="Polarimeter to Unify the Corona and Heliosphere">PUNCH</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Weather_Follow_On-Lagrange_1" title="Space Weather Follow On-Lagrange 1">SWFO-L1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandem_Reconnection_and_Cusp_Electrodynamics_Reconnaissance_Satellites" title="Tandem Reconnection and Cusp Electrodynamics Reconnaissance Satellites">TRACERS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOLAR-C" title="SOLAR-C">SOLAR-C</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2028)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HelioSwarm" title="HelioSwarm">HelioSwarm</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2028)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESA_Vigil" title="ESA Vigil"><i>Vigil</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2031)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADAHELI" title="ADAHELI">ADAHELI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science-Enabling_Technologies_for_Heliophysics" title="Science-Enabling Technologies for Heliophysics">SETH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundiver_(space_mission)" title="Sundiver (space mission)">Sundiver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_Solar_Space_Telescope" title="Galileo Solar Space Telescope">GSST</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cancelled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AOSO" class="mw-redirect" title="AOSO">AOSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_H" title="Pioneer H">Pioneer H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Solar_Observatory" title="Orbiting Solar Observatory">OSO J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Solar_Observatory" title="Orbiting Solar Observatory">OSO K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Cruiser" title="Solar Cruiser">Solar Cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Sentinels" title="Solar Sentinels">Solar Sentinels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lost</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_E" class="mw-redirect" title="Pioneer E">Pioneer E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_C" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO C">OSO C</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sun-Earth</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Radiation_and_Climate_Experiment" title="Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment">SORCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_X-ray_Imager" title="Solar X-ray Imager">SXI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACRIMSAT" title="ACRIMSAT">ACRIMSAT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Missions_to_the_Sun" title="Category:Missions to the Sun">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Space_telescopes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Space_observatories" title="Template:Space observatories"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Space_observatories" title="Template talk:Space observatories"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Space_observatories" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Space observatories"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Space_telescopes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Space_telescope" title="Space telescope">Space telescopes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Radio_astronomy" title="Radio astronomy">Radio and Microwave</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4#Science_payloads" title="Chang'e 4">NCLE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2018)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Orbiter" title="Solar Orbiter">Solar Orbiter</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2020)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEREO" title="STEREO">STEREO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2006)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao relay satellite">Queqiao</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2018)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_(spacecraft)" title="Wind (spacecraft)">Wind</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1994)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao-2_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao-2 relay satellite">Queqiao 2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2024)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Infrared_telescope" title="Infrared telescope">Infrared</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odin_(satellite)" title="Odin (satellite)">Odin</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2001)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOLAR_(ISS)" title="SOLAR (ISS)">SOLAR</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2008)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="James Webb Space Telescope">James Webb</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2022)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Optical_telescope" title="Optical telescope">Optical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stars-AO" title="Stars-AO">Aoi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2018)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrosat" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrosat">Astrosat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRITE" title="BRITE">BRITE</a> constellation <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_H-alpha_Solar_Explorer" title="Chinese H-alpha Solar Explorer">CHASE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2021)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHEOPS" title="CHEOPS">CHEOPS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2019)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_Climate_Observatory" title="Deep Space Climate Observatory">DSCOVR</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euclid_(spacecraft)" title="Euclid (spacecraft)">Euclid</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2023)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2#Mission_extension" title="Hayabusa2">Hayabusa2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2021)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaia_(spacecraft)" title="Gaia (spacecraft)">Gaia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HiRISE" title="HiRISE">HiRISE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2005)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1990)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinode_(satellite)" title="Hinode (satellite)">Hinode (Solar-B)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2006)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_Earth_Object_Surveillance_Satellite" title="Near Earth Object Surveillance Satellite">NEOSSat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odin_(satellite)" title="Odin (satellite)">Odin</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2001)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Dynamics_Observatory" title="Solar Dynamics Observatory">SDO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2010)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_and_Heliospheric_Observatory" title="Solar and Heliospheric Observatory">SOHO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1995)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOLAR_(ISS)" title="SOLAR (ISS)">SOLAR</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2008)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gehrels_Swift_Observatory" title="Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory">Swift</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2004)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite">TESS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2018)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_astronomy" title="Ultraviolet astronomy">Ultraviolet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aditya-L1" title="Aditya-L1">Aditya-L1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2023)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Space-based_Solar_Observatory" title="Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory">ASO-S</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2022)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrosat" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrosat">Astrosat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibari_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hibari (satellite)">Hibari</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2021)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinode_(satellite)" title="Hinode (satellite)">Hinode (Solar-B)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2006)</span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">IRIS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Dynamics_Observatory" title="Solar Dynamics Observatory">SDO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2010)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_and_Heliospheric_Observatory" title="Solar and Heliospheric Observatory">SOHO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1995)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOLAR_(ISS)" title="SOLAR (ISS)">SOLAR</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2008)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Orbiter" title="Solar Orbiter">Solar Orbiter</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2020)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEREO" title="STEREO">STEREO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2006)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gehrels_Swift_Observatory" title="Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory">Swift</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2004)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/X-ray_astronomy" title="X-ray astronomy">X-ray</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gamma-ray_astronomy" title="Gamma-ray astronomy">Gamma-ray</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calorimetric_Electron_Telescope" title="Calorimetric Electron Telescope">CALET</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_X-ray_Observatory" title="Chandra X-ray Observatory">Chandra (AXAF)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1999)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Matter_Particle_Explorer" title="Dark Matter Particle Explorer">DAMPE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einstein_Probe" title="Einstein Probe">Einstein Probe</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2024)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_X-ray_Modulation_Telescope" title="Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope">HXMT (Insight)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2017)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INTEGRAL" title="INTEGRAL">INTEGRAL</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2002)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermi_Gamma-ray_Space_Telescope" title="Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope">Fermi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2008)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_Wave_High-energy_Electromagnetic_Counterpart_All-sky_Monitor" title="Gravitational Wave High-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor">GECAM</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2020)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IXPE" title="IXPE">IXPE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2021)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektr-RG" title="Spektr-RG">Spektr-RG</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2019)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Variable_Objects_Monitor" title="Space Variable Objects Monitor">SVOM</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2024)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gehrels_Swift_Observatory" title="Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory">Swift</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2004)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Valier_(satellite)" title="Max Valier (satellite)">Max Valier Sat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2017)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAXI_(ISS_Experiment)" class="mw-redirect" title="MAXI (ISS Experiment)">MAXI</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2009)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_X-ray_Solar_Spectrometer_CubeSat" title="Miniature X-ray Solar Spectrometer CubeSat">MinXSS-2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2018)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron_Star_Interior_Composition_Explorer" title="Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer">NICER</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2017)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NuSTAR" title="NuSTAR">NuSTAR</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2012)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster_Eye_Imager_for_Astronomy" title="Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy">LEIA</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2022)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Ray_Imaging_and_Spectroscopy_Mission" title="X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission">XRISM</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2023)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XPoSat" title="XPoSat">XPoSat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2024)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMM-Newton" title="XMM-Newton">XMM-Newton</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1999)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other (particle<br />or unclassified)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Composition_Explorer" title="Advanced Composition Explorer">ACE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1997)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Magnetic_Spectrometer" title="Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer">AMS-02</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2011)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calorimetric_Electron_Telescope" title="Calorimetric Electron Telescope">CALET</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Matter_Particle_Explorer" title="Dark Matter Particle Explorer">DAMPE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_Boundary_Explorer" title="Interstellar Boundary Explorer">IBEX</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2008)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Ray_Energetics_and_Mass_Experiment#ISS-CREAM" title="Cosmic Ray Energetics and Mass Experiment">ISS-CREAM</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2017)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JEM-EUSO" title="JEM-EUSO">Mini-EUSO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2019)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_and_Heliospheric_Observatory" title="Solar and Heliospheric Observatory">SOHO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1995)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Orbiter" title="Solar Orbiter">Solar Orbiter</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2020)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEREO" title="STEREO">STEREO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2006)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Planned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PETREL" title="PETREL">PETREL</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPHEREx" title="SPHEREx">SPHEREx</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JEM-EUSO" title="JEM-EUSO">K-EUSO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2026)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Grace_Roman_Space_Telescope" title="Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope">Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2026)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLATO_(spacecraft)" title="PLATO (spacecraft)">PLATO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2026)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuntian" title="Xuntian">Xuntian</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2026)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compton_Spectrometer_and_Imager" title="Compton Spectrometer and Imager">COSI</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2027)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_26#Scientific_payload" title="Luna 26">LORD</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2027)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEO_Surveyor" title="NEO Surveyor">NEO Surveyor</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2027)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JASMINE_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="JASMINE (satellite)">JASMINE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2028)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar-C_EUVST" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar-C EUVST">Solar-C EUVST</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2028)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARIEL" title="ARIEL">ARIEL</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2029)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektr-UV" title="Spektr-UV">Spektr-UV</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2030)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UVEX" title="UVEX">UVEX</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2030)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektr-M" title="Spektr-M">Spektr-M</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2030+)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LiteBIRD" title="LiteBIRD">LiteBIRD</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2032)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiji_Program_in_Space" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiji Program in Space">Taiji</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2033)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Telescope_for_High_Energy_Astrophysics" title="Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics">Athena</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2035)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser_Interferometer_Space_Antenna" title="Laser Interferometer Space Antenna">LISA</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2035)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_proposed_space_observatories" class="mw-redirect" title="List of proposed space observatories">Proposed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcus_(satellite)" title="Arcus (satellite)">Arcus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astro-1_Telescope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astro-1 Telescope (page does not exist)">Astro-1 Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AstroSat-2" title="AstroSat-2">AstroSat-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exoplanetary_Circumstellar_Environments_and_Disk_Explorer" title="Exoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer">EXCEDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresnel_Imager" class="mw-redirect" title="Fresnel Imager">Fresnel Imager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOCAL_(spacecraft)" title="FOCAL (spacecraft)">FOCAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_Solar_Space_Telescope" title="Galileo Solar Space Telescope">GSST-PMM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitable_Exoplanets_Observatory" title="Habitable Exoplanets Observatory">HabEx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitable_Worlds_Observatory" title="Habitable Worlds Observatory">HWO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertelescope" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypertelescope">Hypertelescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lunar_Observatory" title="International Lunar Observatory">ILO-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAXI_(ISS_experiment)#iWF-MAXI" title="MAXI (ISS experiment)">iWF-MAXI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JEM-EUSO" title="JEM-EUSO">JEM-EUSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Ultraviolet_Cosmic_Imager" title="Lunar Ultraviolet Cosmic Imager">LUCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_Ultraviolet_Optical_Infrared_Surveyor" title="Large Ultraviolet Optical Infrared Surveyor">LUVOIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynx_X-ray_Observatory" title="Lynx X-ray Observatory">Lynx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nano-JASMINE" title="Nano-JASMINE">Nano-JASMINE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautilus_Deep_Space_Observatory" title="Nautilus Deep Space Observatory">Nautilus Deep Space Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Worlds_Mission" title="New Worlds Mission">New Worlds Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_National_Reconnaissance_Office_space_telescope_donation_to_NASA" title="2012 National Reconnaissance Office space telescope donation to NASA">NRO donation to NASA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Binary_Black_Hole_Investigation_Satellite" title="Orbiting Binary Black Hole Investigation Satellite">ORBIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_Space_Telescope" title="Origins Space Telescope">OST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXSI_Sounding_Rocket" title="FOXSI Sounding Rocket">PhoENiX</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solar-D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solar-D (page does not exist)">Solar-D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Solar_Telescope" title="Space Solar Telescope">Space Solar Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telescope_for_Habitable_Exoplanets_and_Interstellar/Intergalactic_Astronomy" title="Telescope for Habitable Exoplanets and Interstellar/Intergalactic Astronomy">THEIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THESEUS_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="THESEUS (satellite)">THESEUS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retired</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AGILE_(satellite)" title="AGILE (satellite)">AGILE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2007–2024)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akari_(satellite)" title="Akari (satellite)">Akari (Astro-F)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2006–2011)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Array_of_Low_Energy_X-ray_Imaging_Sensors" title="Array of Low Energy X-ray Imaging Sensors">ALEXIS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1993–2005)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alouette_1" title="Alouette 1">Alouette 1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1962–1972)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_1" title="Ariel 1">Ariel 1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1962, 1964)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_2" title="Ariel 2">Ariel 2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1964)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_3" title="Ariel 3">Ariel 3</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1967–1969)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_4" title="Ariel 4">Ariel 4</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1971–1972)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_5" title="Ariel 5">Ariel 5</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1974–1980)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariel 6">Ariel 6</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1979–1982)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASTERIA_(spacecraft)" title="ASTERIA (spacecraft)">ASTERIA</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2017–2019)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Telescope_Mount" title="Apollo Telescope Mount">ATM</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1973–1974)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Satellite_for_Cosmology_and_Astrophysics" title="Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics">ASCA (Astro-D)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1993–2000)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-35" title="STS-35">Astro-1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1990)</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broad_Band_X-ray_Telescope" title="Broad Band X-ray Telescope">BBXRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopkins_Ultraviolet_Telescope" title="Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope">HUT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-67" title="STS-67">Astro-2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hopkins_Ultraviolet_Telescope" title="Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope">HUT</a>) <span style="font-size:85%;">(1995)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astron_(spacecraft)" title="Astron (spacecraft)">Astron</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1983–1991)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_Netherlands_Satellite" title="Astronomical Netherlands Satellite">ANS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1974–1976)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeppoSAX" title="BeppoSAX">BeppoSAX</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1996–2003)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHIPSat" class="mw-redirect" title="CHIPSat">CHIPSat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2003–2008)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compton_Gamma_Ray_Observatory" title="Compton Gamma Ray Observatory">Compton (CGRO)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1991–2000)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CoRoT" title="CoRoT">CoRoT</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2006–2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cos-B" title="Cos-B">Cos-B</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1975–1982)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Background_Explorer" title="Cosmic Background Explorer">COBE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1989–1993)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXBN-2" title="CXBN-2">CXBN-2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2017–2019)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-54#Mission_highlights" title="STS-54">DXS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1993)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPOXI#EPOCh" title="EPOXI">EPOCh</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2008)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPOXI" title="EPOXI">EPOXI</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2010)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_11" title="Explorer 11">Explorer 11</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1961)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EXOSAT" title="EXOSAT">EXOSAT</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1983–1986)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_Ultraviolet_Explorer" title="Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer">EUVE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1992–2001)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_Ultraviolet_Spectroscopic_Explorer" title="Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer">FUSE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1999–2007)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvant-1" title="Kvant-1">Kvant-1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1987–2001)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GALEX" title="GALEX">GALEX</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2003–2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma_(satellite)" title="Gamma (satellite)">Gamma</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1990–1992)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginga_(satellite)" title="Ginga (satellite)">Ginga (Astro-C)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1987–1991)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granat" title="Granat">Granat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1989–1998)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakucho" title="Hakucho">Hakucho (CORSA-b)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1979–1985)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HALCA" title="HALCA">HALCA (MUSES-B)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1997–2005)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Energy_Astronomy_Observatory_1" title="High Energy Astronomy Observatory 1">HEAO-1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1977–1979)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herschel_Space_Observatory" title="Herschel Space Observatory">Herschel</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2009–2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinotori_(satellite)" title="Hinotori (satellite)">Hinotori (Astro-A)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1981–1991)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisaki_(satellite)" title="Hisaki (satellite)">Hisaki (SPRINT-A)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2013–2023)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einstein_Observatory" title="Einstein Observatory">HEAO-2 (Einstein Obs.)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1978–1982)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Energy_Astronomy_Observatory_3" title="High Energy Astronomy Observatory 3">HEAO-3</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1979–1981)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Energy_Transient_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="High Energy Transient Explorer">HETE-2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2000–2008)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipparcos" title="Hipparcos">Hipparcos</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1989–1993)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lunar_Observatory" title="International Lunar Observatory">ILO-X</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2024)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRAS" title="IRAS">IRAS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1983)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Flyer_Unit#Experimentation_data" title="Space Flyer Unit">IRTS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1995–1996)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared_Space_Observatory" title="Infrared Space Observatory">ISO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1996–1998)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Ultraviolet_Explorer" title="International Ultraviolet Explorer">IUE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1978–1996)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Remote_Sensing_Programme" title="Indian Remote Sensing Programme">IXAE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1996–2004)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler_space_telescope" title="Kepler space telescope">Kepler</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2009–2018)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristall" title="Kristall">Kristall</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1990–2001)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LEGRI" title="LEGRI">LEGRI</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1997–2002)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LISA_Pathfinder" title="LISA Pathfinder">LISA Pathfinder</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2015–2017)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_X-ray_Solar_Spectrometer_CubeSat" title="Miniature X-ray Solar Spectrometer CubeSat">MinXSS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2015–2017)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOST_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="MOST (satellite)">MOST</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2003–2019)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midcourse_Space_Experiment" title="Midcourse Space Experiment">MSX</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1996–1997)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhailo_Lomonosov_(satellite)" title="Mikhailo Lomonosov (satellite)">Mikhailo Lomonosov</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2016–2019?)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Astronomical_Observatory_2" title="Orbiting Astronomical Observatory 2">OAO-2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1968–1973)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Astronomical_Observatory#OAO-3_(Copernicus)" title="Orbiting Astronomical Observatory">OAO-3 (Copernicus)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1972–1981)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Solar_Observatory" title="Orbiting Solar Observatory">Orbiting Solar Observatory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OSO_1" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO 1">OSO 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Solar_Observatory" title="Orbiting Solar Observatory">OSO B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_3" title="OSO 3">OSO 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_4" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO 4">OSO 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_5" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO 5">OSO 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_6" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO 6">OSO 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_7" title="OSO 7">OSO 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_8" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO 8">OSO 8</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(space_telescope)" title="Orion (space telescope)">Orion 1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1971)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(space_telescope)" title="Orion (space telescope)">Orion 2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1973)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAMELA_detector" title="PAMELA detector">PAMELA</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2006–2016)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PicSat" title="PicSat">PicSat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2018)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planck_(spacecraft)" title="Planck (spacecraft)">Planck</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2009–2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RELIKT-1" title="RELIKT-1">RELIKT-1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1983–1984)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuven_Ramaty_High_Energy_Solar_Spectroscopic_Imager" title="Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager">R/HESSI</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2002–2018)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROSAT" title="ROSAT">ROSAT</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1990–1999)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossi_X-ray_Timing_Explorer" title="Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer">RXTE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1995–2012)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Anomalous_and_Magnetospheric_Particle_Explorer" title="Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer">SAMPEX</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1992–2004)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Astronomy_Satellite_2" title="Small Astronomy Satellite 2">SAS-B</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1972–1973)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Astronomy_Satellite_3" title="Small Astronomy Satellite 3">SAS-C</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1975–1979)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solwind" title="Solwind">Solwind</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1979–1985)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektr-R" title="Spektr-R">Spektr-R</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2011–2019)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitzer_Space_Telescope" title="Spitzer Space Telescope">Spitzer</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2003–2020)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzaku_(satellite)" title="Suzaku (satellite)">Suzaku (Astro-EII)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2005–2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Radiation_and_Thermospheric_Satellite" title="Solar Radiation and Thermospheric Satellite">Taiyo (SRATS)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1975–1980)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenma" title="Tenma">Tenma (Astro-B)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1983–1985)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uhuru_(satellite)" title="Uhuru (satellite)">Uhuru</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1970–1973)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_3" title="Vanguard 3">Vanguard 3</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1959)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe" title="Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe">WMAP</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2001–2010)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide-field_Infrared_Survey_Explorer" title="Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer">WISE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2009–2024)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yohkoh" title="Yohkoh">Yokoh (Solar-A)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1991–2001)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hibernating <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Mission completed)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Submillimeter_Wave_Astronomy_Satellite" title="Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite">SWAS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1998–2005)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRACE" title="TRACE">TRACE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1998–2010)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lost/Failed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Astronomical_Observatory#OAO-1" title="Orbiting Astronomical Observatory">OAO-1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1966)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Astronomical_Observatory#OAO-B" title="Orbiting Astronomical Observatory">OAO-B</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1970)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Radiation_Satellite" title="Cosmic Radiation Satellite">CORSA</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1976)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXBN" title="CXBN">CXBN</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2012–2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Solar_Observatory" title="Orbiting Solar Observatory">OSO C</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1965)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABRIXAS" title="ABRIXAS">ABRIXAS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1999)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Energy_Transient_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="High Energy Transient Explorer">HETE-1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1996)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide_Field_Infrared_Explorer" title="Wide Field Infrared Explorer">WIRE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1999)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzaku_(satellite)#ASTRO-E" title="Suzaku (satellite)">Astro-E</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2000)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TSUBAME_(satellite)" title="TSUBAME (satellite)">Tsubame</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2014–2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitomi_(satellite)" title="Hitomi (satellite)">Hitomi (Astro-H)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2016)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cancelled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aelita_(spacecraft)" title="Aelita (spacecraft)">Aelita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AOSO" class="mw-redirect" title="AOSO">AOSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astro-G" title="Astro-G">Astro-G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constellation-X_Observatory" title="Constellation-X Observatory">Constellation-X</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Darwin_(spacecraft)" title="Darwin (spacecraft)">Darwin</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Energy_Space_Telescope" class="mw-redirect" title="Dark Energy Space Telescope">Destiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EChO" title="EChO">EChO</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eddington_(spacecraft)" title="Eddington (spacecraft)">Eddington</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full-sky_Astrometric_Mapping_Explorer" title="Full-sky Astrometric Mapping Explorer">FAME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_Infrared_Exoplanet_Spectroscopy_Survey_Explorer" title="Fast Infrared Exoplanet Spectroscopy Survey Explorer">FINESSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_and_Extreme_Magnetism" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravity and Extreme Magnetism">GEMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubble_Origins_Probe" title="Hubble Origins Probe">HOP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_X-ray_Observatory" title="International X-ray Observatory">IXO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Dark_Energy_Mission" title="Joint Dark Energy Mission">JDEM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LOFT" title="LOFT">LOFT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_J" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO J">OSO J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_K" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO K">OSO K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentinel_Space_Telescope" title="Sentinel Space Telescope">Sentinel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Interferometry_Mission" title="Space Interferometry Mission">SIM & SIMlite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernova/Acceleration_Probe" class="mw-redirect" title="Supernova/Acceleration Probe">SNAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPICA_(spacecraft)" title="SPICA (spacecraft)">SPICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Polarization_Observatory" title="Sky Polarization Observatory">SPOrt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TAUVEX" title="TAUVEX">TAUVEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_Planet_Finder" title="Terrestrial Planet Finder">TPF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XEUS" title="XEUS">XEUS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=XIPE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XIPE (page does not exist)">XIPE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Observatories_program" title="Great Observatories program">Great Observatories program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_space_telescopes" title="List of space telescopes">List of space telescopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_proposed_space_telescopes" title="List of proposed space telescopes">List of proposed space telescopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-ray_telescope" title="X-ray telescope">X-ray telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heliophysics_missions" title="List of heliophysics missions">List of heliophysics missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_planetariums" title="List of planetariums">List of planetariums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Space_telescopes" title="Category:Space telescopes">Category:Space telescopes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="←_2012Orbital_launches_in_20132014_→" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orbital_launches_in_2013" title="Template:Orbital launches in 2013"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orbital_launches_in_2013" title="Template talk:Orbital launches in 2013"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital_launches_in_2013" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital launches in 2013"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_2012Orbital_launches_in_20132014_→" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div style="float: left;"><a href="/wiki/2012_in_spaceflight" title="2012 in spaceflight">← 2012</a></div><a href="/wiki/2013_in_spaceflight" title="2013 in spaceflight"><span class="vevent"><span class="summary">Orbital launches in <span class="dtstart">2013</span></span></span></a><div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/2014_in_spaceflight" title="2014 in spaceflight">2014 →</a></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">January</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2482" title="Kosmos 2482">Kosmos 2482</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2483" title="Kosmos 2483">Kosmos 2483</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2484" title="Kosmos 2484">Kosmos 2484</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSE_Reda_4" class="mw-redirect" title="JSE Reda 4">JSE Reda 4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jissho_Eisei" class="mw-redirect" title="Jissho Eisei">Jissho Eisei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STSat-2C" title="STSat-2C">STSat-2C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TDRS-11" title="TDRS-11">TDRS-11</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">February</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Intelsat_27" title="Intelsat 27">Intelsat 27</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globalstar" title="Globalstar">Globalstar</a> M078, M087, M093, M094, M095, M096</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerspace-1/Africasat-1a" title="Azerspace-1/Africasat-1a">Azerspace-1/Africasat-1a</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amazonas_3" title="Amazonas 3">Amazonas 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-18M" title="Progress M-18M">Progress M-18M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landsat_8" title="Landsat 8">Landsat 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARAL" title="SARAL">SARAL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sapphire_(satellite)" title="Sapphire (satellite)">Sapphire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Near_Earth_Object_Surveillance_Satellite" title="Near Earth Object Surveillance Satellite">NEOSSat</a>, <a href="/wiki/UniBRITE-1" title="UniBRITE-1">UniBRITE-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/TUGSAT-1" title="TUGSAT-1">TUGSAT-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/AAUSat-3" title="AAUSat-3">AAUSat-3</a>, <a href="/wiki/STRaND-1" title="STRaND-1">STRaND-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">March</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_CRS-2" title="SpaceX CRS-2">SpaceX CRS-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-241" title="USA-241">USA-241</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eutelsat_117_West_A" title="Eutelsat 117 West A">Satmex 8</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-08M" title="Soyuz TMA-08M">Soyuz TMA-08M</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">April</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Anik G1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bion-M_No.1" title="Bion-M No.1">Bion-M No.1</a> (Aist 2, BeeSat-2, BeeSat-3, SOMP, <a href="/wiki/Dove-2" title="Dove-2">Dove-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/OSSI-1" title="OSSI-1">OSSI-1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antares_A-ONE" title="Antares A-ONE">Cygnus Mass Simulator</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dove_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Dove 1">Dove 1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_(satellite)" title="Alexander (satellite)">Alexander</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graham_(satellite)" title="Graham (satellite)">Graham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bell_(satellite)" title="Bell (satellite)">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-19M" title="Progress M-19M">Progress M-19M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaofen_1" title="Gaofen 1">Gaofen 1</a>, <a href="/wiki/TurkSat-3USat" title="TurkSat-3USat">TurkSat-3USat</a>, <a href="/wiki/NEE-01_Pegaso" title="NEE-01 Pegaso">NEE-01 Pegaso</a>, CubeBug-1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2485" title="Kosmos 2485">Kosmos 2485</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">May</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Zhongxing 11 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PROBA-V" title="PROBA-V">PROBA-V</a>, <a href="/wiki/VNREDSat-1" title="VNREDSat-1">VNREDSat-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/ESTCube-1" title="ESTCube-1">ESTCube-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eutelsat_3D" title="Eutelsat 3D">Eutelsat 3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-242" title="USA-242">USA-242</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-243" title="USA-243">USA-243</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-09M" title="Soyuz TMA-09M">Soyuz TMA-09M</a></u></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">June</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/SES-6" title="SES-6">SES-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein_ATV" title="Albert Einstein ATV"><i>Albert Einstein</i> ATV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kosmos_satellites_(2251%E2%80%932500)" title="List of Kosmos satellites (2251–2500)">Kosmos 2486</a> / <a href="/wiki/Persona_(satellite)" title="Persona (satellite)">Persona №2</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_10" title="Shenzhou 10">Shenzhou 10</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurs-P_No.1" title="Resurs-P No.1">Resurs-P No.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O3b" title="O3b">O3b</a> × 4 (PFM, FM2, FM4, FM5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kosmos_satellites_(2251%E2%80%932500)" title="List of Kosmos satellites (2251–2500)">Kosmos 2487</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kondor_(satellite)" title="Kondor (satellite)">Kondor № 202</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">IRIS</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">July</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IRNSS-1A" title="IRNSS-1A">IRNSS-1A</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uragan-M" class="mw-redirect" title="Uragan-M">Uragan-M</a> 48, 49, 50</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shijian" title="Shijian">Shijian XI-05</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MUOS-2" class="mw-redirect" title="MUOS-2">MUOS-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shijian" title="Shijian">Shijian 15</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shiyan_(satellite)" title="Shiyan (satellite)">Shiyan 7</a>, Chuangxin 3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inmarsat-4A_F4" title="Inmarsat-4A F4">Inmarsat-4A F4</a>, <a href="/wiki/INSAT-3D" title="INSAT-3D">INSAT-3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-20M" title="Progress M-20M">Progress M-20M</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">August</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kounotori_4" title="Kounotori 4">Kounotori 4</a> (TechEdSat-3, <a href="/wiki/ArduSat" title="ArduSat">ArduSat-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/ArduSat" title="ArduSat">ArduSat-X</a>, <a href="/wiki/PicoDragon" title="PicoDragon">PicoDragon</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-244" title="USA-244">USA-244</a></li> <li>Arirang-5</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-245" title="USA-245">USA-245</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eutelsat_25B/Es%27hail_1" title="Eutelsat 25B/Es'hail 1">Eutelsat 25B / Es'hail 1</a>, <a href="/wiki/GSAT-7" title="GSAT-7">GSAT-7 / INSAT-4F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos-4" class="mw-redirect" title="Amos-4">Amos-4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">September</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yaogan" title="Yaogan">Yaogan 17 A, B, C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Atmosphere_and_Dust_Environment_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer">LADEE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonets-M" class="mw-redirect" title="Gonets-M">Gonets-M</a> No.5, <a href="/wiki/Gonets-M" class="mw-redirect" title="Gonets-M">Gonets-M</a> No.6, <a href="/wiki/Gonets-M" class="mw-redirect" title="Gonets-M">Gonets-M</a> No.7</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisaki_(satellite)" title="Hisaki (satellite)">Hisaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-246" title="USA-246">USA-246</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cygnus_Orb-D1" title="Cygnus Orb-D1">Cygnus Orb-D1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengyun" title="Fengyun">Fengyun III-03</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuaizhou-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuaizhou-1">Kuaizhou-1</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-10M" title="Soyuz TMA-10M">Soyuz TMA-10M</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CASSIOPE" title="CASSIOPE">CASSIOPE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Satellite" title="Cornell University Satellite">CUSat</a>, POPACS 1, 2, 3, <a href="/wiki/Drag_and_Atmospheric_Neutral_Density_Explorer" title="Drag and Atmospheric Neutral Density Explorer">DANDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astra_2E" title="Astra 2E">Astra 2E</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">October</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shijian" title="Shijian">Shijian 16</a></li> <li>Sirius FM-6</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaogan" title="Yaogan">Yaogan 18</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">November</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Orbiter_Mission" title="Mars Orbiter Mission">Mars Orbiter Mission</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-11M" title="Soyuz TMA-11M">Soyuz TMA-11M</a></u></li> <li>Globus-1M No.13L</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAVEN" title="MAVEN">MAVEN</a></li> <li>ORS-3, STPSat-3, Black Knight 1, CAPE-2, ChargerSat-1, COPPER, DragonSat-1, Firefly (satellite), Ho'oponopono-2, Horus, KySat-2, NPS-SCAT, ORSES, ORS Tech 1, 2, <a href="/wiki/PhoneSat" title="PhoneSat">PhoneSat</a> 2.4, <a href="/wiki/Prometheus_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prometheus (satellite)">Prometheus</a> × 8, SENSE A, B, SwampSat, <a href="/wiki/TJ3Sat" class="mw-redirect" title="TJ3Sat">TJ<sup>3</sup>Sat</a>, Trailblazer-1, <a href="/wiki/Vermont_Lunar_CubeSat" title="Vermont Lunar CubeSat">Vermont Lunar CubeSat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaogan" title="Yaogan">Yaogan 19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DubaiSat-2" title="DubaiSat-2">DubaiSat-2</a>, STSAT-3, SkySat-1, UniSat-5 (Dove 4, <a href="/wiki/ICube-1" title="ICube-1">ICube-1</a>, HumSat-D, PUCP-Sat 1 (Pocket-PUCP), BeakerSat-1, <a href="/wiki/$50SAT" title="$50SAT">$50SAT</a>, QBScout-1, WREN), <a href="/wiki/AprizeSat" title="AprizeSat">AprizeSat</a> 7, 8, <a href="/wiki/Lem_(satellite)" title="Lem (satellite)">Lem</a>, WNISat-1, GOMX-1, CubeBug-2, <a href="/wiki/Delfi-n3Xt" title="Delfi-n3Xt">Delfi-n3Xt</a>, Dove 3, First-MOVE, <a href="/wiki/FUNcube-1" title="FUNcube-1">FUNcube-1</a>, HINCube-1, KHUSat-1, KHUSat-2, <a href="/wiki/NEE-02_Krysaor" title="NEE-02 Krysaor">NEE-02 Krysaor</a>, <a href="/wiki/OPTOS" title="OPTOS">OPTOS</a>, Triton 1, UWE-3, VELOX-P2, <a href="/wiki/ZACUBE-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ZACUBE-1">ZACUBE-1</a>, BPA-3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swarm_(spacecraft)" title="Swarm (spacecraft)">Swarm</a> A, B, C</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiyan_(satellite)" title="Shiyan (satellite)">Shiyan 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-21M" title="Progress M-21M">Progress M-21M</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">December</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_3" title="Chang'e 3">Chang'e 3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yutu_(rover)" title="Yutu (rover)">Yutu</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SES-8" title="SES-8">SES-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-247" title="USA-247">USA-247</a> / <a href="/wiki/Future_Imagery_Architecture" title="Future Imagery Architecture">Topaz</a>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/TacSat-6" title="TacSat-6">TacSat-6</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inmarsat-5_F1" class="mw-redirect" title="Inmarsat-5 F1">Inmarsat-5 F1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBERS-3" title="CBERS-3">CBERS-3</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaia_(spacecraft)" title="Gaia (spacecraft)">Gaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BApac_Katari_1" title="Túpac Katari 1">Túpac Katari 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kosmos_satellites_(2251%E2%80%932500)" title="List of Kosmos satellites (2251–2500)">Kosmos 2488</a> / <a href="/wiki/Strela_(satellite)" title="Strela (satellite)">Strela-3M 7</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Kosmos_satellites_(2251%E2%80%932500)" title="List of Kosmos satellites (2251–2500)">Kosmos 2489</a> / <a href="/wiki/Strela_(satellite)" title="Strela (satellite)">Strela-3M 8</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Kosmos_satellites_(2251%E2%80%932500)" title="List of Kosmos satellites (2251–2500)">Kosmos 2490</a> / <a href="/wiki/Strela_(satellite)" title="Strela (satellite)">Strela-3M 9</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Kosmos_satellites_(2251%E2%80%932500)" title="List of Kosmos satellites (2251–2500)">Kosmos-2491</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekspress_AM5" title="Ekspress AM5">Ekspress AM5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aist_1" title="Aist 1">Aist 1</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Kosmos_satellites_(2251%E2%80%932500)" title="List of Kosmos satellites (2251–2500)">Kosmos 2491</a> / SKRL-756 1, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Kosmos_satellites_(2251%E2%80%932500)" title="List of Kosmos satellites (2251–2500)">Kosmos 2492</a> / SKRL-756 2</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).<br /><u>Crewed flights</u> are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2013_in_space" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2013_in_space" title="Template:2013 in space"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2013_in_space" title="Template talk:2013 in space"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2013_in_space" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2013 in space"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2013_in_space" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2013 in space</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><div style="float: left;"> « <a href="/wiki/Template:2012_in_space" title="Template:2012 in space">2012</a> </div> <div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/Template:2014_in_space" title="Template:2014 in space">2014</a> » </div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2013_in_spaceflight" title="2013 in spaceflight">Space probe launches</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Category:Space_probes_launched_in_2013" title="Category:Space probes launched in 2013"><img alt="Space probes launched in 2013" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/15px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/30px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Space_probe" class="mw-redirect" title="Space probe">Space probes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LADEE" title="LADEE">LADEE</a> (lunar orbiter; Sep 2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Orbiter_Mission" title="Mars Orbiter Mission">Mars Orbiter Mission</a> (Mars orbiter; Nov 2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAVEN" title="MAVEN">MAVEN</a> (Mars orbiter; Nov 2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_3" title="Chang'e 3">Chang'e 3</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Yutu_(rover)" title="Yutu (rover)">Yutu</a></i> (mission to the Moon; Dec 2013)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Space_telescope" title="Space telescope">Space observatories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">IRIS</a> (solar observation; Jun 2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisaki_(satellite)" title="Hisaki (satellite)">Hisaki</a> (ultraviolet observation; Sep 2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gaia_(spacecraft)" title="Gaia (spacecraft)">Gaia</a></i> (astrometric observation; Dec 2013)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-left: 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Two_Brown_Dwarfs_in_Our_Backyard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Two_Brown_Dwarfs_in_Our_Backyard.jpg/150px-Two_Brown_Dwarfs_in_Our_Backyard.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Two_Brown_Dwarfs_in_Our_Backyard.jpg/225px-Two_Brown_Dwarfs_in_Our_Backyard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Two_Brown_Dwarfs_in_Our_Backyard.jpg/300px-Two_Brown_Dwarfs_in_Our_Backyard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2702" data-file-height="2706" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2013_Chelyabinsk_meteor_trace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/2013_Chelyabinsk_meteor_trace.jpg/150px-2013_Chelyabinsk_meteor_trace.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/2013_Chelyabinsk_meteor_trace.jpg/225px-2013_Chelyabinsk_meteor_trace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/2013_Chelyabinsk_meteor_trace.jpg/300px-2013_Chelyabinsk_meteor_trace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="554" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saturn-day-earth-smiled-1000x600.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Saturn-day-earth-smiled-1000x600.png/150px-Saturn-day-earth-smiled-1000x600.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Saturn-day-earth-smiled-1000x600.png/225px-Saturn-day-earth-smiled-1000x600.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Saturn-day-earth-smiled-1000x600.png/300px-Saturn-day-earth-smiled-1000x600.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Impact_event" title="Impact event">Impact events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chelyabinsk_meteor" title="Chelyabinsk meteor">Chelyabinsk meteor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chelyabinsk_meteorite" title="Chelyabinsk meteorite">Chelyabinsk meteorite</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Selected <a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_object" title="Near-Earth object">NEOs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_asteroid_close_approaches_to_Earth_in_2013" title="List of asteroid close approaches to Earth in 2013">Asteroid close approaches</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2012_YQ1" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 YQ1">2012 YQ<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">1</span></span></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/367943_Duende" title="367943 Duende">367943 Duende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_EC" title="2013 EC">2013 EC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_ET" title="2013 ET">2013 ET</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(7888)_1993_UC" title="(7888) 1993 UC">(7888) 1993 UC</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(52760)_1998_ML14" title="(52760) 1998 ML14">(52760) 1998 ML<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">14</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(285263)_1998_QE2" title="(285263) 1998 QE2">(285263) 1998 QE<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">2</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(163364)_2002_OD20" title="(163364) 2002 OD20">(163364) 2002 OD<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">20</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(277475)_2005_WK4" title="(277475) 2005 WK4">(277475) 2005 WK<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">4</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2006_BL8" title="2006 BL8">2006 BL<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">8</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(471240)_2011_BT15" title="(471240) 2011 BT15">(471240) 2011 BT<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">15</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(511002)_2013_MZ5" title="(511002) 2013 MZ5">(511002) 2013 MZ<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">5</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2013_PJ10" title="2013 PJ10">2013 PJ<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">10</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2013_TV135" title="2013 TV135">2013 TV<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">135</span></span></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3361_Orpheus" title="3361 Orpheus">3361 Orpheus</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2013_XY8" title="2013 XY8">2013 XY<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">8</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2013_YP139" title="2013 YP139">2013 YP<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">139</span></span></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2013" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2013">Exoplanets</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Category:Exoplanets_discovered_in_2013" title="Category:Exoplanets discovered in 2013"><img alt="Exoplanets discovered in 2013" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/15px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/30px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DENIS-P_J082303.1%E2%88%92491201_b" title="DENIS-P J082303.1−491201 b">DENIS-P J082303.1−491201 b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_504_b" title="Gliese 504 b">Gliese 504 b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_667" title="Gliese 667">Gliese 667</a> <ul><li>e</li> <li>f</li> <li>g</li> <li>h?</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_95086_b" title="HD 95086 b">HD 95086 b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_100546_b" class="mw-redirect" title="HD 100546 b">HD 100546 b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_106906_b" title="HD 106906 b">HD 106906 b</a></li> <li>blue color of <a href="/wiki/HD_189733_b" title="HD 189733 b">HD 189733 b</a></li> <li>cloud map of <a href="/wiki/Kepler-7b" title="Kepler-7b">Kepler-7b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-37" title="Kepler-37">Kepler-37</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-37b" title="Kepler-37b">b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-37c" title="Kepler-37c">c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-37d" title="Kepler-37d">d</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-61b" title="Kepler-61b">Kepler-61b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-62" title="Kepler-62">Kepler-62</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-62b" title="Kepler-62b">b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-62c" title="Kepler-62c">c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-62d" title="Kepler-62d">d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-62e" title="Kepler-62e">e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-62f" title="Kepler-62f">f</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-65" title="Kepler-65">Kepler-65</a> <ul><li>b</li> <li>c</li> <li>d</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-68" title="Kepler-68">Kepler-68</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-68b" title="Kepler-68b">b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-68c" title="Kepler-68c">c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-68d" title="Kepler-68d">d</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-69" title="Kepler-69">Kepler-69</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-69b" title="Kepler-69b">b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-69c" title="Kepler-69c">c</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-78b" title="Kepler-78b">Kepler-78b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exomoon" title="Exomoon">exomoon</a> candidate <a href="/wiki/MOA-2011-BLG-262Lb" class="mw-redirect" title="MOA-2011-BLG-262Lb">MOA-2011-BLG-262Lb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSO_J318.5%E2%88%9222" title="PSO J318.5−22">PSO J318.5−22</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Rogue_planet" title="Rogue planet">rogue planet</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROXs_42Bb" title="ROXs 42Bb">ROXs 42Bb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discoveries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luhman_16" title="Luhman 16">Luhman 16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRB_130427A" title="GRB 130427A">GRB 130427A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippocamp_(moon)" title="Hippocamp (moon)">Hippocamp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1E_2259%2B586&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1E 2259+586 (page does not exist)">1E 2259+586</a> <a href="/wiki/Neutron_star#anti-glitches" title="Neutron star">anti-glitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M60-UCD1" title="M60-UCD1">M60-UCD1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z8_GND_5296" title="Z8 GND 5296">z8_GND_5296</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hercules%E2%80%93Corona_Borealis_Great_Wall" title="Hercules–Corona Borealis Great Wall">Hercules–Corona Borealis Great Wall</a></li> <li>Water vapor plumes of <a href="/wiki/Europa_(moon)" title="Europa (moon)">Europa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nova" title="Nova">Novae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SN_UDS10Wil" title="SN UDS10Wil">SN UDS10Wil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_2013ej" title="SN 2013ej">SN 2013ej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V339_Delphini" title="V339 Delphini">V339 Delphini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_2013fs" title="SN 2013fs">SN 2013fs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V1369_Centauri" title="V1369 Centauri">Nova Centauri 2013</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comets <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Category:Comets_in_2013" title="Category:Comets in 2013"><img alt="Comets in 2013" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/15px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/30px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/2011_L4" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2011 L4">C/2011 L4 (PANSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2012_F6_(Lemmon)" title="C/2012 F6 (Lemmon)">C/2012 F6 (Lemmon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2012_S4" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2012 S4">C/2012 S4 (PANSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2013_A1_(Siding_Spring)" title="C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)">C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_ISON" title="Comet ISON">Comet ISON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2013_R1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2013 R1">C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/311P/PanSTARRS" title="311P/PanSTARRS">P/2013 P5 (PanSTARRS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Space exploration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herschel_Space_Observatory" title="Herschel Space Observatory">Herschel Space Observatory</a> retirement (Jun 2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" title="Cassini–Huygens">Cassini–Huygens</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Day_the_Earth_Smiled" title="The Day the Earth Smiled">The Day the Earth Smiled</a></i>; Jul 2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">Voyager 1</a></i> (enters interstellar space; Sep 2013)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/32px-Earth-moon.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/48px-Earth-moon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/64px-Earth-moon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Outer_space" title="Portal:Outer space">Outer space portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:2012_in_outer_space" title="Category:2012 in outer space">Category:2012 in outer space</a> — <b><a href="/wiki/Category:2013_in_outer_space" title="Category:2013 in outer space">Category:2013 in outer space</a></b> — <a href="/wiki/Category:2014_in_outer_space" 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