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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Access"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Access</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Access-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Copyright_status_of_files" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Copyright_status_of_files"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Copyright status of files</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Copyright_status_of_files-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>General and cited sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">arXiv</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 52 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%81" title="أرخايف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أرخايف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AD_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97" title="আর্কাইভ ডট অর্গ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আর্কাইভ ডট অর্গ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv.org" title="ArXiv.org – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="ArXiv.org" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88_(%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA)" title="آرکایو (وبسایت) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آرکایو (وبسایت)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7" title="आर्काइव लेखकोष – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आर्काइव लेखकोष" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%B5" title="ਆਰਕਾਈਵ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਰਕਾਈਵ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv.org" title="ArXiv.org – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="ArXiv.org" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arxiv" title="Arxiv – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Arxiv" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arxiv" title="Arxiv – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Arxiv" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv.org" title="ArXiv.org – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="ArXiv.org" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%88_(%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%B3)" title="آرکائیو (سائنس) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آرکائیو (سائنس)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="ArXiv" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q118398#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Archive.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive.org">Internet Archive (archive.org)</a>.</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">arXiv</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:ArXiv_logo_2022.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/ArXiv_logo_2022.svg/220px-ArXiv_logo_2022.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/ArXiv_logo_2022.svg/330px-ArXiv_logo_2022.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/ArXiv_logo_2022.svg/440px-ArXiv_logo_2022.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="230" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ArXiv-org_screenshot_20140706.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/ArXiv-org_screenshot_20140706.png/300px-ArXiv-org_screenshot_20140706.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/ArXiv-org_screenshot_20140706.png/450px-ArXiv-org_screenshot_20140706.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/ArXiv-org_screenshot_20140706.png/600px-ArXiv-org_screenshot_20140706.png 2x" data-file-width="1374" data-file-height="667" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Type of site</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Science</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Available in</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Created by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ginsparg" title="Paul Ginsparg">Paul Ginsparg</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">URL</th><td class="infobox-data url"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org">arxiv<wbr />.org</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118398#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Commercial</th><td class="infobox-data">No</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launched</th><td class="infobox-data">August 14, 1991<span class="noprint">; 33 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1991-08-14</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Current status</th><td class="infobox-data category">Online</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:2331-8422">2331-8422</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> number</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/228652809">228652809 </a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>arXiv</b> (pronounced as "<a href="/wiki/Archive" title="Archive">archive</a>"—the X represents the <a href="/wiki/Chi_(letter)" title="Chi (letter)">Greek letter chi</a> ⟨χ⟩)<sup id="cite_ref-Steele_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steele-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an <a href="/wiki/Open-access_repository" title="Open-access repository">open-access repository</a> of electronic <a href="/wiki/Preprint" title="Preprint">preprints</a> and <a href="/wiki/Postprints" class="mw-redirect" title="Postprints">postprints</a> (known as <a href="/wiki/E-prints" class="mw-redirect" title="E-prints">e-prints</a>) approved for posting after moderation, but not <a href="/wiki/Scholarly_peer_review" title="Scholarly peer review">peer review</a>. It consists of <a href="/wiki/Scientific_papers" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific papers">scientific papers</a> in the fields of <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering">electrical engineering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quantitative_biology" title="Quantitative biology">quantitative biology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Statistics" title="Statistics">statistics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_finance" title="Mathematical finance">mathematical finance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economics</a>, which can be accessed online. In many fields of mathematics and physics, almost all scientific papers are <a href="/wiki/Self-archiving" title="Self-archiving">self-archived</a> on the arXiv repository before publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Some publishers also grant permission for authors to archive the peer-reviewed <a href="/wiki/Postprint" title="Postprint">postprint</a>. Begun on August 14, 1991, arXiv.org passed the half-million-article milestone on October 3, 2008,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had hit a million by the end of 2014<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dddmag2015_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dddmag2015-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and two million by the end of 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of November 2024, the submission rate is about 24,000 articles per month.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ArXiv&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ArXiv_1994.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/ArXiv_1994.png/220px-ArXiv_1994.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e2/ArXiv_1994.png 1.5x" data-file-width="313" data-file-height="319" /></a><figcaption>A screenshot of the arXiv taken in 1994,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> using the browser <a href="/wiki/Mosaic_(web_browser)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosaic (web browser)">NCSA Mosaic</a>. At the time, <a href="/wiki/Form_(HTML)" class="mw-redirect" title="Form (HTML)">HTML forms</a> were a new technology.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ArXiv%27s_yearly_submission_rate_plot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/ArXiv%27s_yearly_submission_rate_plot.jpg/220px-ArXiv%27s_yearly_submission_rate_plot.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/ArXiv%27s_yearly_submission_rate_plot.jpg/330px-ArXiv%27s_yearly_submission_rate_plot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/ArXiv%27s_yearly_submission_rate_plot.jpg/440px-ArXiv%27s_yearly_submission_rate_plot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="703" data-file-height="608" /></a><figcaption>arXiv's yearly submission rate growth over 30 years since its beginning with topics labeled by the standard abbreviations used on arxiv.org<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>arXiv was made possible by the compact <a href="/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a> file format, which allowed scientific papers to be easily transmitted over the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> and rendered <a href="/wiki/Client-side" class="mw-redirect" title="Client-side">client-side</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 1990, <a href="/wiki/Joanne_Cohn" title="Joanne Cohn">Joanne Cohn</a> began emailing <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a> preprints to colleagues as TeX files, but the number of papers being sent soon filled mailboxes to capacity.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ginsparg" title="Paul Ginsparg">Paul Ginsparg</a> recognized the need for central storage, and in August 1991 he created a central <a href="/wiki/Disciplinary_repository" title="Disciplinary repository">repository</a> mailbox stored at the <a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory" title="Los Alamos National Laboratory">Los Alamos National Laboratory</a> (LANL) that could be accessed from any computer.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additional modes of access were soon added: <a href="/wiki/FTP" class="mw-redirect" title="FTP">FTP</a> in 1991, <a href="/wiki/Gopher_(protocol)" title="Gopher (protocol)">Gopher</a> in 1992, and the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a> in 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-dddmag2015_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dddmag2015-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term <a href="/wiki/E-print" class="mw-redirect" title="E-print">e-print</a> was quickly adopted to describe the articles. </p><p>It began as a physics archive, called the <a href="/wiki/LANL" class="mw-redirect" title="LANL">LANL</a> preprint archive, but soon expanded to include astronomy, mathematics, computer science, quantitative biology and, most recently, statistics. Its original <a href="/wiki/Domain_name" title="Domain name">domain name</a> was xxx.lanl.gov. Due to LANL's lack of interest in the rapidly expanding technology, in 2001 Ginsparg changed institutions to <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a> and changed the name of the repository to arXiv.org.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>arXiv was an early adopter and promoter of <a href="/wiki/Preprints" class="mw-redirect" title="Preprints">preprints</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SPARC_2021_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SPARC_2021-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its success in sharing preprints was one of the precipitating factors that led to the later movement in <a href="/wiki/Scientific_publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific publishing">scientific publishing</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Open_access_(publishing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Open access (publishing)">open access</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SPARC_2021_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SPARC_2021-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mathematician" title="Mathematician">Mathematicians</a> and scientists regularly upload their papers to arXiv.org for worldwide access<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and sometimes for reviews before they are published in <a href="/wiki/Peer_review" title="Peer review">peer-reviewed</a> <a href="/wiki/Academic_journal" title="Academic journal">journals</a>. Ginsparg was awarded a <a href="/wiki/MacArthur_Fellowship" class="mw-redirect" title="MacArthur Fellowship">MacArthur Fellowship</a> in 2002 for his establishment of arXiv.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The annual budget for arXiv was approximately $826,000 for 2013 to 2017, funded jointly by Cornell University Library, the <a href="/wiki/Simons_Foundation" title="Simons Foundation">Simons Foundation</a> (in both gift and <a href="/wiki/Challenge_grant" title="Challenge grant">challenge grant</a> forms) and annual fee income from member institutions.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This model arose in 2010, when Cornell sought to broaden the financial funding of the project by asking institutions to make annual voluntary contributions based on the amount of download usage by each institution. Each member institution pledges a five-year funding commitment to support arXiv. Based on institutional usage ranking, the annual fees are set in four tiers from $1,000 to $4,400. Cornell's goal is to raise at least $504,000 per year through membership fees generated by approximately 220 institutions.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2011, Cornell University Library took overall administrative and financial responsibility for arXiv's operation and development. Ginsparg was quoted in the <i><a href="/wiki/Chronicle_of_Higher_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronicle of Higher Education">Chronicle of Higher Education</a></i> as saying it "was supposed to be a <a href="/wiki/Gilligan%27s_Island" title="Gilligan's Island">three-hour tour</a>, not a life sentence".<sup id="cite_ref-CHE_2011_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHE_2011-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Ginsparg remains on the arXiv's Scientific Advisory Board and its Physics Advisory Committee.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2022, arXiv began assigning <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOIs</a> to articles, in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/DataCite" title="DataCite">DataCite</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Data_format">Data format</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ArXiv&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Data format"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each arXiv paper has a unique identifier: </p> <ul><li><code>YYMM.NNNNN</code>, e.g. <code>1507.00123</code>,</li> <li><code>YYMM.NNNN</code>, e.g. <code>0704.0001</code>,</li> <li><code>arch-ive/YYMMNNN</code> for older papers, e.g. <code>hep-th/9901001</code>.</li></ul> <p>Different versions of the same paper are specified by a version number at the end. For example, <code>1709.08980v1</code>. If no version number is specified, the default is the latest version. </p><p>arXiv uses a category system. Each paper is tagged with one or more categories. Some categories have two layers. For example, <code>q-fin.TR</code> is the "Trading and Market Microstructure" category within "quantitative finance". Other categories have one layer. For example, <code>hep-ex</code> is "high energy physics experiments". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Moderation_process_and_endorsement">Moderation process and endorsement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ArXiv&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Moderation process and endorsement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although arXiv is not <a href="/wiki/Peer_review" title="Peer review">peer reviewed</a>, a collection of moderators for each area review the <a href="/wiki/Electronic_submission" title="Electronic submission">submissions</a>; they may recategorize any that are deemed off-topic,<sup id="cite_ref-mckinney_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mckinney-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or reject submissions that are not scientific papers, or sometimes for undisclosed reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-Merali_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Merali-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lists of moderators for many sections of arXiv are publicly available,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but moderators for most of the physics sections remain unlisted. </p><p>Additionally, an "endorsement" system was introduced in 2004 as part of an effort to ensure content is relevant and of interest to current research in the specified disciplines.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the system, for categories that use it, an author must be endorsed by an established arXiv author before being allowed to submit papers to those categories. Endorsers are not asked to review the paper for errors but to check whether the paper is appropriate for the intended subject area.<sup id="cite_ref-mckinney_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mckinney-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New authors from recognized academic institutions generally receive automatic endorsement, which in practice means that they do not need to deal with the endorsement system at all. However, the endorsement system has attracted criticism for allegedly restricting scientific inquiry.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A majority of the <a href="/wiki/E-print" class="mw-redirect" title="E-print">e-prints</a> are also submitted to <a href="/wiki/Scientific_journal" title="Scientific journal">journals</a> for publication, but some work, including some very influential papers, remain purely as e-prints and are never published in a peer-reviewed journal. A well-known example of the latter is an outline of a proof of <a href="/wiki/Thurston%27s_geometrization_conjecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Thurston's geometrization conjecture">Thurston's geometrization conjecture</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Poincar%C3%A9_conjecture" title="Poincaré conjecture">Poincaré conjecture</a> as a particular case, uploaded by <a href="/wiki/Grigori_Perelman" title="Grigori Perelman">Grigori Perelman</a> in November 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perelman appears content to forgo the traditional peer-reviewed journal process, stating: "If anybody is interested in my way of solving the problem, it's all there [on the arXiv] – let them go and read about it".<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this non-traditional method of publication, other mathematicians recognized this work by offering the <a href="/wiki/Fields_Medal" title="Fields Medal">Fields Medal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Prize_Problems" title="Millennium Prize Problems">Clay Mathematics Millennium Prizes</a> to Perelman, both of which he refused.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While arXiv does contain some dubious e-prints, such as those claiming to refute famous theorems or proving famous conjectures such as <a href="/wiki/Fermat%27s_Last_Theorem" title="Fermat's Last Theorem">Fermat's Last Theorem</a> using only high-school mathematics, a 2002 article which appeared in <i><a href="/wiki/Notices_of_the_American_Mathematical_Society" title="Notices of the American Mathematical Society">Notices of the American Mathematical Society</a></i> described those as "surprisingly rare".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> arXiv generally re-classifies these works, e.g. in "General mathematics", rather than deleting them;<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, some authors have voiced concern over the lack of transparency in the arXiv screening process.<sup id="cite_ref-Merali_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Merali-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Submission_formats">Submission formats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ArXiv&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Submission formats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Papers can be submitted in any of several formats, including <a href="/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX">LaTeX</a>, and <a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a> printed from a <a href="/wiki/Word_processor" title="Word processor">word processor</a> other than TeX or LaTeX. The <a href="/wiki/Electronic_submission" title="Electronic submission">submission</a> is rejected by the arXiv software if generating the final <a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a> file fails, if any image file is too large, or if the total size of the submission is too large. arXiv now allows one to store and modify an incomplete submission, and only finalize the submission when ready. The time stamp on the article is set when the submission is finalized. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Access">Access</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ArXiv&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Access"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arxiv.org_abstract_view.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Arxiv.org_abstract_view.png/220px-Arxiv.org_abstract_view.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Arxiv.org_abstract_view.png/330px-Arxiv.org_abstract_view.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Arxiv.org_abstract_view.png/440px-Arxiv.org_abstract_view.png 2x" data-file-width="984" data-file-height="954" /></a><figcaption>A screenshot of viewing a paper's abstract on arxiv.org in 2021</figcaption></figure> <p>The standard access route is through the arXiv.org website. Other interfaces and access routes have also been created by other un-associated organisations. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">Metadata</a> for arXiv is made available through <a href="/wiki/OAI-PMH" class="mw-redirect" title="OAI-PMH">OAI-PMH</a>, the standard for <a href="/wiki/Open_access_repositories" class="mw-redirect" title="Open access repositories">open access repositories</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Content is therefore indexed in all major consumers of such data, such as <a href="/wiki/BASE_(search_engine)" title="BASE (search engine)">BASE</a>, <a href="/wiki/CORE_(research_service)" title="CORE (research service)">CORE</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unpaywall" class="mw-redirect" title="Unpaywall">Unpaywall</a>. As of 2020, the Unpaywall dump links over 500,000 arxiv URLs as the <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">open access</a> version of a work found in <a href="/wiki/CrossRef" class="mw-redirect" title="CrossRef">CrossRef</a> data from the publishers, making arXiv a top 10 global host of <a href="/wiki/Green_open_access" class="mw-redirect" title="Green open access">green open access</a>. </p><p>Finally, researchers can select sub-fields and receive daily e-mailings or <a href="/wiki/RSS_feed" class="mw-redirect" title="RSS feed">RSS feeds</a> of all submissions in them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Copyright_status_of_files">Copyright status of files</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ArXiv&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Copyright status of files"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Files on arXiv can have a number of different copyright statuses:<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Some are <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>, in which case they will have a statement saying so.</li> <li>Some are available under either the <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a> 4.0 <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons_licenses" class="mw-redirect" title="Creative Commons licenses">Attribution-ShareAlike license</a> or the Creative Commons 4.0 <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons_licenses" class="mw-redirect" title="Creative Commons licenses">Attribution-Noncommercial-ShareAlike license</a>.</li> <li>Some are copyright to the publisher, but the author has the right to distribute them and has given arXiv a non-exclusive irrevocable license to distribute them.</li> <li>Most are copyright to the author, and arXiv has only a non-exclusive irrevocable license to distribute them.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ArXiv&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BioRxiv" title="BioRxiv">BioRxiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PsyArXiv" title="PsyArXiv">PsyArXiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_academic_databases_and_search_engines" title="List of academic databases and search engines">List of academic databases and search engines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_academic_journals_by_preprint_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of academic journals by preprint policy">List of academic journals by preprint policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_preprint_repositories" title="List of preprint repositories">List of preprint repositories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sci-Hub" title="Sci-Hub">Sci-Hub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ViXra" title="ViXra">ViXra</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ArXiv&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Steele-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Steele_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open+Access+Now&rft.atitle=What+Is+q-bio%3F&rft.date=2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArXiv" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ArXiv&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_College_of_Agriculture_and_Life_Sciences_at_Cornell_University" title="New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Cornell University">Agriculture and Life Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_College_of_Architecture,_Art,_and_Planning" title="Cornell University College of Architecture, Art, and Planning">Architecture, Art, and Planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_College_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Cornell University College of Arts and Sciences">Arts and Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_College_of_Engineering" title="Cornell University College of Engineering">Engineering</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_College_of_Forestry_at_Cornell" title="New York State College of Forestry at Cornell">Forestry</a></i> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_School_of_Hotel_Administration" title="Cornell University School of Hotel Administration">Hotel Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_College_of_Human_Ecology_at_Cornell_University" title="New York State College of Human Ecology at Cornell University">Human Ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_School_of_Industrial_and_Labor_Relations_at_Cornell_University" title="New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations at Cornell University">Industrial and Labor Relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B31B1B;color:white;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #222222, inset -1px -1px 0 #222222;;width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Curtis_Johnson_Graduate_School_of_Management" title="Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Graduate_School" title="Cornell University Graduate School">Graduate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Law_School" title="Cornell Law School">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weill_Cornell_Medicine" title="Weill Cornell Medicine">Medical</a> (<a href="/wiki/Weill_Cornell_Medical_College_in_Qatar" title="Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar">Qatar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weill_Cornell_Graduate_School_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences">Sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tri-Institutional_MD%E2%80%93PhD_Program" title="Tri-Institutional MD–PhD Program">Tri-Institutional</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master%27s_of_Public_Administration_at_Cornell_University" title="Master's of Public Administration at Cornell University">Public Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_College_of_Veterinary_Medicine_at_Cornell_University" title="New York State College of Veterinary Medicine at Cornell University">Veterinary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B31B1B;color:white;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #222222, inset -1px -1px 0 #222222;;width:1%">Non-student-enrolling</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Computing_and_Information_Science" title="Cornell Computing and Information Science">Computing and Information Science</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Akwe-kon_program_house,_Cornell_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Akwe-kon_program_house%2C_Cornell_University.jpg/150px-Akwe-kon_program_house%2C_Cornell_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Akwe-kon_program_house%2C_Cornell_University.jpg/225px-Akwe-kon_program_house%2C_Cornell_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Akwe-kon_program_house%2C_Cornell_University.jpg/300px-Akwe-kon_program_house%2C_Cornell_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2700" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B31B1B;color:white;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #222222, inset -1px -1px 0 #222222;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red" title="Cornell Big Red"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Athletics</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B31B1B;color:white;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #222222, inset -1px -1px 0 #222222;;width:1%">Teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red_baseball" title="Cornell Big Red baseball">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red_men%27s_basketball" title="Cornell Big Red men's basketball">Men's basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red_women%27s_basketball" title="Cornell Big Red women's basketball">Women's basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red_football" title="Cornell Big Red football">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="Cornell Big Red men's ice hockey">Men's ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red_women%27s_ice_hockey" title="Cornell Big Red women's ice hockey">Women's ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red_men%27s_lacrosse" title="Cornell Big Red men's lacrosse">Men's lacrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red_men%27s_soccer" title="Cornell Big Red men's soccer">Men's soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red_men%27s_squash" title="Cornell Big Red men's squash">Men's squash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red_wrestling" title="Cornell Big Red wrestling">Wrestling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B31B1B;color:white;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #222222, inset -1px -1px 0 #222222;;width:1%">Venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barton_Hall" title="Barton Hall">Barton Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Berman_Field" title="Charles F. Berman Field">Berman Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoy_Field" title="Hoy Field">Hoy Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Trent_Jones_Golf_Course" title="Robert Trent Jones Golf Course">Jones Golf Course</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynah_Rink" title="Lynah Rink">Lynah Rink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newman_Arena" title="Newman Arena">Newman Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoellkopf_Field" title="Schoellkopf Field">Schoellkopf Field</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B31B1B;color:white;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #222222, inset -1px -1px 0 #222222;;width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Sports_Competition_(Cornell_University)" title="All Sports Competition (Cornell University)">All Sports Competition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Give_My_Regards_to_Davy" title="Give My Regards to Davy">Give My Regards to Davy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell%E2%80%93Harvard_hockey_rivalry" title="Cornell–Harvard hockey rivalry">Harvard (hockey) rivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touchdown_(mascot)" title="Touchdown (mascot)">Touchdown (mascot)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B31B1B;color:white;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #222222, inset -1px -1px 0 #222222;;width:1%">Campus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B31B1B;color:white;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #222222, inset -1px -1px 0 #222222;;width:1%">Campuses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Central_Campus" title="Cornell Central Campus">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_North_Campus" title="Cornell North Campus">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Tech" title="Cornell Tech">Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_West_Campus" title="Cornell West Campus">West</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B31B1B;color:white;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #222222, inset -1px -1px 0 #222222;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cornell_University_buildings" title="List of Cornell University buildings"><span style="color:white">Buildings</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Botanic_Gardens" title="Cornell Botanic Gardens">Arboretum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_F._Johnson_Museum_of_Art" title="Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art">Art Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailey_Hall_(Ithaca,_New_York)" title="Bailey Hall (Ithaca, New York)">Bailey Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balch_Hall" title="Balch Hall">Balch Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnes_Hall" title="Barnes Hall">Barnes Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Botanic_Gardens" title="Cornell Botanic Gardens">Botanic Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradfield_Hall" title="Bradfield Hall">Bradfield Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilder_Brain_Collection" title="Wilder Brain Collection">Brain Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caldwell_Hall_(Ithaca,_New_York)" title="Caldwell Hall (Ithaca, New York)">Caldwell Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Center_for_Advanced_Computing" title="Cornell University Center for Advanced Computing">Center for Advanced Computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computing_and_Communications_Center,_Cornell_University" title="Computing and Communications Center, Cornell University">Computing and Communications Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comstock_Hall_(Ithaca,_New_York)" title="Comstock Hall (Ithaca, New York)">Comstock Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Dairy" title="Cornell Dairy">Dairy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deke_House_(Ithaca,_New_York)" title="Deke House (Ithaca, New York)">Deke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernow_Hall_(Ithaca,_New_York)" title="Fernow Hall (Ithaca, New York)">Fernow Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuertes_Observatory" title="Fuertes Observatory">Fuertes Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Library" title="Cornell University Library">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llenroc" title="Llenroc">Llenroc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartung%E2%80%93Boothroyd_Observatory" title="Hartung–Boothroyd Observatory">Hartung–Boothroyd Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGraw_Tower" title="McGraw Tower">McGraw Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrill_Hall_(Cornell_University)" title="Morrill Hall (Cornell University)">Morrill Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Lab_of_Ornithology" title="Cornell Lab of Ornithology">Ornithology Lab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_Hall_(Ithaca,_New_York)" title="Rice Hall (Ithaca, New York)">Rice Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risley_Residential_College" title="Risley Residential College">Risley Residential College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sage_Chapel" title="Sage Chapel">Sage Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sage_Hall" title="Sage Hall">Sage Hall</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Ezra_Cornell" title="Statue of Ezra Cornell">Statue of Ezra Cornell</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Laboratory_for_Accelerator-based_Sciences_and_Education" title="Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-based Sciences and Education">Synchrotron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willard_Straight_Hall" title="Willard Straight Hall">Straight Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telluride_House" title="Telluride House">Telluride House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyce_Thompson_Institute" title="Boyce Thompson Institute">Thompson Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Dickson_White_House" title="Andrew Dickson White House">A.D. White House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B31B1B;color:white;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #222222, inset -1px -1px 0 #222222;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cornell_University" title="History of Cornell University"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">History</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B31B1B;color:white;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #222222, inset -1px -1px 0 #222222;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Cornell" title="Ezra Cornell">Ezra Cornell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_W._Sage" title="Henry W. Sage">Henry W. Sage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Dickson_White" title="Andrew Dickson White">Andrew Dickson White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B31B1B;color:white;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #222222, inset -1px -1px 0 #222222;;width:1%">Former buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Hall_(Ithaca,_New_York)" title="Stone Hall (Ithaca, New York)">Stone Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberts_Hall_(Ithaca,_New_York)" title="Roberts Hall (Ithaca, New York)">Roberts Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Roberts_Hall" title="East Roberts Hall">East Roberts Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_gorge_suicides" title="Cornell gorge suicides">Cornell gorge suicides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Literary_Society_(Cornell_University)" title="Irving Literary Society (Cornell University)">Irving Literary Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrill_Land-Grant_Acts" title="Morrill Land-Grant Acts">Morrill Land-Grant Acts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B31B1B;color:white;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #222222, inset -1px -1px 0 #222222;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cornelliana" title="Cornelliana"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Cornelliana</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Chimes" title="Cornell Chimes">Chimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Club_of_New_York" title="Cornell Club of New York">Club of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Day" title="Dragon Day">Dragon Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_Above_Cayuga%27s_Waters" title="Far Above Cayuga's Waters">Far Above Cayuga's Waters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slope_Day" title="Slope Day">Slope Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cornell_University_songs" title="List of Cornell University songs">Songs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B31B1B;color:white;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #222222, inset -1px -1px 0 #222222;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cornell_University_alumni" title="List of Cornell University alumni">Alumni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cornell_University_faculty" title="List of Cornell University faculty">Faculty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Cornell_University" title="List of presidents of Cornell University">Presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Board_of_Trustees" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornell University Board of Trustees">Trustees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B31B1B;color:white;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #222222, inset -1px -1px 0 #222222;;width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Administrative_Science_Quarterly" title="Administrative Science Quarterly">Administrative Science Quarterly</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">arXiv</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Chronicle" title="Cornell Chronicle">Cornell Chronicle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cornell_Lunatic" title="The Cornell Lunatic">Cornell Lunatic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Policy_Review" title="Cornell Policy Review">Cornell Policy Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cornell_Review" title="The Cornell Review">Cornell Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cornell_Daily_Sun" title="The Cornell Daily Sun">Daily Sun</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diacritics_(journal)" title="Diacritics (journal)">Diacritics</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epoch_(American_magazine)" title="Epoch (American magazine)">Epoch</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Industrial_and_Labor_Relations_Review" title="Industrial and Labor Relations Review">ILR Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cornell_International_Affairs_Review" title="Cornell International Affairs Review">International Affairs Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cornell_International_Law_Journal" title="Cornell International Law Journal">International Law Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Empirical_Legal_Studies" title="Journal of Empirical Legal Studies">Journal of Empirical Legal Studies</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Journal_of_Law_and_Public_Policy" title="Cornell Journal of Law and Public Policy">Journal of Law and Public Policy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Law_Review" title="Cornell Law Review">Law Review</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Information_Institute" title="Legal Information Institute">Legal Information Institute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oyez_Project" title="Oyez Project">Oyez Project</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_German_Critique" title="New German Critique">New German Critique</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Philosophical_Review" title="The Philosophical Review">Philosophical Review</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B31B1B;color:white;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #222222, inset -1px -1px 0 #222222;;width:1%">Student life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Catholic_Community" title="Cornell Catholic Community">Catholic Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Chorus" title="Cornell University Chorus">Chorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cornell_University_fraternities_and_sororities" title="List of Cornell University fraternities and sororities">Fraternities and sororities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleph_Samach" title="Aleph Samach">Aleph Samach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quill_and_Dagger" title="Quill and Dagger">Quill and Dagger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphinx_Head" title="Sphinx Head">Sphinx Head</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Glee_Club" title="Cornell University Glee Club">Glee Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Ezra_Cornell" title="Hotel Ezra Cornell">Hotel Ezra Cornell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red_Marching_Band" title="Cornell Big Red Marching Band">Marching Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messenger_Lectures" title="Messenger Lectures">Messenger Lectures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red_Pep_Band" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornell Big Red Pep Band">Pep Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WVBR-FM" title="WVBR-FM">WVBR-FM</a></li></ul> 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