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class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Health_care_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Health care (disambiguation)">Health care (disambiguation)</a>.</div> Health care, or healthcare, is the improvement of <a href="/wiki/Health" title="Health">health</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Preventive_healthcare" title="Preventive healthcare">prevention</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diagnosis" title="Diagnosis">diagnosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Therapy" title="Therapy">treatment</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amelioration" class="extiw" title="wikt:amelioration">amelioration</a> or <a href="/wiki/Cure" title="Cure">cure</a> of <a href="/wiki/Disease" title="Disease">disease</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illness" class="mw-redirect" title="Illness">illness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Injury" title="Injury">injury</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">physical and mental impairments</a> in people. Health care is delivered by <a href="/wiki/Health_professional" title="Health professional">health professionals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Allied_health_professions" title="Allied health professions">allied health fields</a>. <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">Medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dentistry" title="Dentistry">dentistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pharmacy" title="Pharmacy">pharmacy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midwifery" title="Midwifery">midwifery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nursing" title="Nursing">nursing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Optometry" title="Optometry">optometry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Audiology" title="Audiology">audiology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Occupational_therapy" title="Occupational therapy">occupational therapy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physical_therapy" title="Physical therapy">physical therapy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athletic_training" title="Athletic training">athletic training</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Health_profession" class="mw-redirect" title="Health profession">health professions</a> all constitute health care. The term includes work done in providing <a href="/wiki/Primary_care" title="Primary care">primary care</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/secondary_care" class="extiw" title="wikt:secondary care">secondary care</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Tertiary care">tertiary care</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">public health</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Global_physician_density_map_-_WHO_2010.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Global_physician_density_map_-_WHO_2010.png/350px-Global_physician_density_map_-_WHO_2010.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Global_physician_density_map_-_WHO_2010.png/525px-Global_physician_density_map_-_WHO_2010.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Global_physician_density_map_-_WHO_2010.png/700px-Global_physician_density_map_-_WHO_2010.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="470"></a><figcaption>Global concentrations of health care resources, as depicted by the number of physicians per 10,000 individuals, by country. Data is sourced from a World Health Statistics 2010, a <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">WHO</a> report.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>]</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:354px;max-width:354px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:352px;max-width:352px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Hospital-beds-per-1000-people.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Hospital-beds-per-1000-people.png/350px-Hospital-beds-per-1000-people.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Hospital-beds-per-1000-people.png/525px-Hospital-beds-per-1000-people.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Hospital-beds-per-1000-people.png/700px-Hospital-beds-per-1000-people.png 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="1799"></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:352px;max-width:352px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:NewYorkPresbyterian-Cornell.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/NewYorkPresbyterian-Cornell.jpg/350px-NewYorkPresbyterian-Cornell.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/NewYorkPresbyterian-Cornell.jpg/525px-NewYorkPresbyterian-Cornell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/NewYorkPresbyterian-Cornell.jpg/700px-NewYorkPresbyterian-Cornell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="587"></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Graphic of hospital beds per 1,000 people globally in 2013, at top;<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/NewYork-Presbyterian_Hospital" title="NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital">NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, a hub for health care and <a href="/wiki/Life_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Life sciences">life sciences</a>,<a href="#cite_note-NYCHealthCareLifeSciencesHub-2">[2]</a> is one of the world's busiest <a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">hospitals</a>, below. Pictured is its <a href="/wiki/Weill_Cornell_Medical_Center" title="Weill Cornell Medical Center">Weill Cornell</a> facility (white complex at the center).</div></div></div></div></div> Access to healthcare may vary across countries, communities, and individuals, influenced by social and economic conditions and <a href="/wiki/Health_policy" title="Health policy">health policies</a>. Providing health care services means "the timely use of personal health services to achieve the best possible health outcomes".<a href="#cite_note-NAP2009-3">[3]</a> Factors to consider in terms of healthcare access include financial limitations (such as insurance coverage), <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geographical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Logistics" title="Logistics">logistical</a> barriers (such as additional transportation costs and the ability to take paid time off work to use such services), <a href="/wiki/Sociocultural" title="Sociocultural">sociocultural</a> expectations, and personal limitations (lack of ability to communicate with health care providers, poor <a href="/wiki/Health_literacy" title="Health literacy">health literacy</a>, low income).<a href="#cite_note-RHI2021-4">[4]</a> Limitations to health care services affect negatively the use of medical services, the efficacy of treatments, and overall outcome (well-being, mortality rates). <a href="/wiki/Health_system" title="Health system">Health systems</a> are the <a href="/wiki/Organization" title="Organization">organizations</a> established to meet the health needs of targeted populations. According to the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO), a well-functioning healthcare system requires a financing mechanism, a well-trained and adequately paid <a href="/wiki/Health_Human_Resources" class="mw-redirect" title="Health Human Resources">workforce</a>, reliable information on which to base decisions and <a href="/wiki/Health_policy" title="Health policy">policies</a>, and well-maintained <a href="/wiki/Health_facilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Health facilities">health facilities</a> to deliver quality medicines and technologies. An efficient healthcare system can contribute to a significant part of a country's <a href="/wiki/Economic_system" title="Economic system">economy</a>, development, and <a href="/wiki/Industrialization" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrialization">industrialization</a>. Health care is an important determinant in promoting the general <a href="/wiki/Physical_health" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical health">physical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mental_health" title="Mental health">mental health</a> and <a href="/wiki/Well-being" title="Well-being">well-being</a> of people around the world.<a href="#cite_note-WHO-5">[5]</a> An example of this was the worldwide <a href="/wiki/Eradication_of_infectious_diseases" title="Eradication of infectious diseases">eradication</a> of <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a> in 1980, declared by the WHO, as the first <a href="/wiki/Disease" title="Disease">disease</a> in human history to be eliminated by deliberate healthcare interventions.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Delivery">1 Delivery</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Primary_care">1.1 Primary care</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Secondary_care">1.2 Secondary care</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Tertiary_care">1.3 Tertiary care</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Quaternary_care">1.4 Quaternary care</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Home_and_community_care">1.5 Home and community care</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Ratings">1.6 Ratings</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Access_to_health_care">2 Access to health care</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Related_sectors">3 Related sectors</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Health_system">3.1 Health system</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Industry">3.2 Industry</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Research">3.3 Research</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Financing">3.4 Financing</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Administration_and_regulation">3.5 Administration and regulation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Health_information_technology">3.6 Health information technology</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#See_also">4 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#References">5 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#External_links">6 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Delivery">Delivery</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Health_care&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Delivery" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Health_professionals" class="mw-redirect" title="Health professionals">Health professionals</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jericho_Health_Centre_20050326.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Jericho_Health_Centre_20050326.jpg/220px-Jericho_Health_Centre_20050326.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1760" data-file-height="1168"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Jericho_Health_Centre_20050326.jpg/220px-Jericho_Health_Centre_20050326.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Jericho_Health_Centre_20050326.jpg/330px-Jericho_Health_Centre_20050326.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Jericho_Health_Centre_20050326.jpg/440px-Jericho_Health_Centre_20050326.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Primary care may be provided in community health centers.</figcaption></figure> The delivery of modern health care depends on groups of trained <a href="/wiki/Professional" title="Professional">professionals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paraprofessional" title="Paraprofessional">paraprofessionals</a> coming together as <a href="/wiki/Interdisciplinary_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Interdisciplinary team">interdisciplinary teams</a>.<a href="#cite_note-USDL-7">[7]</a> This includes professionals in <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physiotherapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Physiotherapy">physiotherapy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nursing" title="Nursing">nursing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dentistry" title="Dentistry">dentistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midwifery" title="Midwifery">midwifery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Allied_health" class="mw-redirect" title="Allied health">allied health</a>, along with many others such as <a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">public health practitioners</a>, <a href="/wiki/Community_health_worker" title="Community health worker">community health workers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unlicensed_assistive_personnel" title="Unlicensed assistive personnel">assistive personnel</a>, who systematically provide personal and population-based preventive, curative and <a href="/wiki/Physical_medicine_and_rehabilitation" title="Physical medicine and rehabilitation">rehabilitative</a> care services.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] While the definitions of the various types of health care vary depending on the different <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">cultural</a>, political, organizational, and disciplinary perspectives, there appears to be some consensus that primary care constitutes the first element of a continuing health care process and may also include the provision of secondary and tertiary levels of care.<a href="#cite_note-Cookie-8">[8]</a> Health care can be defined as either <a href="/wiki/Public_health_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Public health care">public</a> or <a href="/wiki/Private_healthcare_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Private healthcare in the United Kingdom">private</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FEMA_-_18213_-_Photograph_by_Robert_Kaufmann_taken_on_10-25-2005_in_Louisiana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/FEMA_-_18213_-_Photograph_by_Robert_Kaufmann_taken_on_10-25-2005_in_Louisiana.jpg/220px-FEMA_-_18213_-_Photograph_by_Robert_Kaufmann_taken_on_10-25-2005_in_Louisiana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3300" data-file-height="2200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/FEMA_-_18213_-_Photograph_by_Robert_Kaufmann_taken_on_10-25-2005_in_Louisiana.jpg/220px-FEMA_-_18213_-_Photograph_by_Robert_Kaufmann_taken_on_10-25-2005_in_Louisiana.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/FEMA_-_18213_-_Photograph_by_Robert_Kaufmann_taken_on_10-25-2005_in_Louisiana.jpg/330px-FEMA_-_18213_-_Photograph_by_Robert_Kaufmann_taken_on_10-25-2005_in_Louisiana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/FEMA_-_18213_-_Photograph_by_Robert_Kaufmann_taken_on_10-25-2005_in_Louisiana.jpg/440px-FEMA_-_18213_-_Photograph_by_Robert_Kaufmann_taken_on_10-25-2005_in_Louisiana.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Emergency_room" class="mw-redirect" title="Emergency room">emergency room</a> is often a frontline venue for the delivery of primary medical care.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_care">Primary care</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Health_care&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Primary care" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Primary_care" title="Primary care">Primary care</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Primary_health_care" title="Primary health care">Primary health care</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ambulatory_care" title="Ambulatory care">Ambulatory care</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Urgent_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Urgent care">Urgent care</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Terapevt_Mudrov_train.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Terapevt_Mudrov_train.JPG/220px-Terapevt_Mudrov_train.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Terapevt_Mudrov_train.JPG/220px-Terapevt_Mudrov_train.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Terapevt_Mudrov_train.JPG/330px-Terapevt_Mudrov_train.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Terapevt_Mudrov_train.JPG/440px-Terapevt_Mudrov_train.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hospital_train" title="Hospital train">Hospital train</a> "Therapist Matvei Mudrov" in <a href="/wiki/Khabarovsk" title="Khabarovsk">Khabarovsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></figcaption></figure> Primary care refers to the work of <a href="/wiki/Health_professionals" class="mw-redirect" title="Health professionals">health professionals</a> who act as a first point of consultation for all <a href="/wiki/Patients" class="mw-redirect" title="Patients">patients</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Health_care_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Health care system">health care system</a>. The primary care model supports first-contact, accessible, continuous, comprehensive and coordinated person-focused care.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Such a professional would usually be a <a href="/wiki/Primary_care_physician" title="Primary care physician">primary care physician</a>, such as a <a href="/wiki/General_practitioner" title="General practitioner">general practitioner</a> or <a href="/wiki/Family_medicine" title="Family medicine">family physician</a>. Another professional would be a licensed independent practitioner such as a <a href="/wiki/Physiotherapist" class="mw-redirect" title="Physiotherapist">physiotherapist</a>, or a non-physician primary care provider such as a <a href="/wiki/Physician_assistant" title="Physician assistant">physician assistant</a> or <a href="/wiki/Nurse_practitioner" title="Nurse practitioner">nurse practitioner</a>. Depending on the locality and health system organization, the patient may see another health care professional first, such as a <a href="/wiki/Pharmacist" title="Pharmacist">pharmacist</a> or <a href="/wiki/Nurse" class="mw-redirect" title="Nurse">nurse</a>. Depending on the nature of the health condition, <a href="/wiki/Patient" title="Patient">patients</a> may be <a href="/wiki/Referral_(medicine)" title="Referral (medicine)">referred</a> for secondary or tertiary care.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Primary care is often used as the term for the health care services that play a role in the local community. It can be provided in different settings, such as <a href="/wiki/Urgent_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Urgent care">Urgent care</a> centers that provide same-day appointments or services on a walk-in basis.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Primary care involves the widest scope of health care, including all ages of patients, patients of all <a href="/wiki/Socioeconomic" class="mw-redirect" title="Socioeconomic">socioeconomic</a> and geographic origins, patients seeking to maintain optimal <a href="/wiki/Health" title="Health">health</a>, and patients with all types of acute and chronic physical, <a href="/wiki/Mental_health" title="Mental health">mental</a> and social health issues, including <a href="/wiki/Polypharmacy" title="Polypharmacy">multiple chronic diseases</a>. Consequently, a primary care practitioner must possess a wide breadth of knowledge in many areas. <a href="/wiki/Transitional_care#continuity" title="Transitional care">Continuity</a> is a key characteristic of primary care, as patients usually prefer to consult the same practitioner for routine check-ups and <a href="/wiki/Preventive_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Preventive medicine">preventive care</a>, <a href="/wiki/Health_education" title="Health education">health education</a>, and every time they require an initial consultation about a new health problem. The <a href="/wiki/International_Classification_of_Primary_Care" title="International Classification of Primary Care">International Classification of Primary Care</a> (ICPC) is a standardized tool for understanding and analyzing information on interventions in primary care based on the reason for the patient's visit.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Common chronic illnesses usually treated in primary care may include, for example, <a href="/wiki/Hypertension" title="Hypertension">hypertension</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus" class="mw-redirect" title="Diabetes mellitus">diabetes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease" title="Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease">COPD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder" title="Major depressive disorder">depression</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anxiety_disorder" title="Anxiety disorder">anxiety</a>, <a href="/wiki/Back_pain" title="Back pain">back pain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osteoarthritis" title="Osteoarthritis">arthritis</a> or <a href="/wiki/Thyroid_disease" title="Thyroid disease">thyroid dysfunction</a>. Primary care also includes many basic <a href="/wiki/Maternal_health" title="Maternal health">maternal</a> and child health care services, such as <a href="/wiki/Family_planning" title="Family planning">family planning</a> services and <a href="/wiki/Vaccination" title="Vaccination">vaccinations</a>. In the United States, the 2013 <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Interview_Survey" title="National Health Interview Survey">National Health Interview Survey</a> found that skin disorders (42.7%), osteoarthritis and joint disorders (33.6%), back problems (23.9%), disorders of lipid metabolism (22.4%), and upper respiratory tract disease (22.1%, excluding asthma) were the most common reasons for accessing a physician.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> In the United States, primary care physicians have begun to deliver primary care outside of the managed care (insurance-billing) system through <a href="/wiki/Direct_primary_care" title="Direct primary care">direct primary care</a> which is a subset of the more familiar <a href="/wiki/Concierge_medicine" title="Concierge medicine">concierge medicine</a>. Physicians in this model bill patients directly for services, either on a pre-paid monthly, quarterly, or annual basis, or bill for each service in the office. Examples of direct primary care practices include <a href="/wiki/Foundation_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Foundation Health">Foundation Health</a> in Colorado and <a href="/wiki/Qliance" title="Qliance">Qliance</a> in Washington.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In the context of global <a href="/wiki/Population_aging" class="mw-redirect" title="Population aging">population aging</a>, with increasing numbers of older adults at greater risk of chronic <a href="/wiki/Non-communicable_disease" title="Non-communicable disease">non-communicable diseases</a>, rapidly increasing demand for primary care services is expected in both developed and developing countries.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> The <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> attributes the provision of essential primary care as an integral component of an inclusive <a href="/wiki/Primary_health_care" title="Primary health care">primary health care</a> strategy.<a href="#cite_note-Cookie-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary_care">Secondary care</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Health_care&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Secondary care" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial-Picture-of-Jackson-e1445995779731.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Aerial-Picture-of-Jackson-e1445995779731.jpg/240px-Aerial-Picture-of-Jackson-e1445995779731.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="155" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2589"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 155px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Aerial-Picture-of-Jackson-e1445995779731.jpg/240px-Aerial-Picture-of-Jackson-e1445995779731.jpg" data-width="240" data-height="155" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Aerial-Picture-of-Jackson-e1445995779731.jpg/360px-Aerial-Picture-of-Jackson-e1445995779731.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Aerial-Picture-of-Jackson-e1445995779731.jpg/480px-Aerial-Picture-of-Jackson-e1445995779731.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Memorial_Hospital" title="Jackson Memorial Hospital">Jackson Memorial Hospital</a> in <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>, the primary teaching hospital of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Miami" title="University of Miami">University of Miami</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Miller_School_of_Medicine" title="Miller School of Medicine">Miller School of Medicine</a> and the largest hospital in the United States with 1,547 beds<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></figcaption></figure> Secondary care includes <a href="/wiki/Acute_care" title="Acute care">acute care</a>: necessary treatment for a short period of time for a brief but serious illness, injury, or other health condition. This care is often found in a <a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">hospital</a> <a href="/wiki/Emergency_department" title="Emergency department">emergency department</a>. Secondary care also includes skilled attendance during <a href="/wiki/Childbirth" title="Childbirth">childbirth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intensive_care_medicine" title="Intensive care medicine">intensive care</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Medical_imaging" title="Medical imaging">medical imaging</a> services.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> The term "secondary care" is sometimes used synonymously with "hospital care". However, many secondary care providers, such as <a href="/wiki/Psychiatrists" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychiatrists">psychiatrists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clinical_psychology" title="Clinical psychology">clinical psychologists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Occupational_therapists" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupational therapists">occupational therapists</a>, most <a href="/wiki/Dental_specialties" class="mw-redirect" title="Dental specialties">dental specialties</a> or <a href="/wiki/Physiotherapist" class="mw-redirect" title="Physiotherapist">physiotherapists</a>, do not necessarily work in hospitals. Some primary care services are delivered within hospitals. Depending on the organization and policies of the national health system, patients may be required to see a primary care provider for a <a href="/wiki/Referral_(medicine)" title="Referral (medicine)">referral</a> before they can access secondary care.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> In countries that operate under a <a href="/wiki/Mixed_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed market">mixed market</a> health care system, some <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physicians</a> limit their practice to secondary care by requiring patients to see a primary care provider first. This restriction may be imposed under the terms of the payment agreements in private or group <a href="/wiki/Health_insurance" title="Health insurance">health insurance</a> plans. In other cases, <a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">medical specialists</a> may see patients without a referral, and patients may decide whether self-referral is preferred.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In other countries patient self-referral to a <a href="/wiki/Medical_specialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical specialist">medical specialist</a> for secondary care is rare as prior referral from another physician (either a primary care physician or another specialist) is considered necessary, regardless of whether the funding is from <a href="/wiki/Health_insurance" title="Health insurance">private insurance schemes</a> or <a href="/wiki/National_health_insurance" title="National health insurance">national health insurance</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Allied_health_professions" title="Allied health professions">Allied health professionals</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Physical_therapy" title="Physical therapy">physical therapists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_therapists" class="mw-redirect" title="Respiratory therapists">respiratory therapists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Occupational_therapist" title="Occupational therapist">occupational therapists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Speech_and_language_pathology" class="mw-redirect" title="Speech and language pathology">speech therapists</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dietitians" class="mw-redirect" title="Dietitians">dietitians</a>, also generally work in secondary care, accessed through either patient self-referral or through physician referral.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tertiary_care">Tertiary care</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Health_care&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Tertiary care" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NationalNeurologyHospital.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/NationalNeurologyHospital.jpg/240px-NationalNeurologyHospital.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 180px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/NationalNeurologyHospital.jpg/240px-NationalNeurologyHospital.jpg" data-width="240" data-height="180" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/NationalNeurologyHospital.jpg/360px-NationalNeurologyHospital.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/NationalNeurologyHospital.jpg/480px-NationalNeurologyHospital.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/National_Hospital_for_Neurology_and_Neurosurgery" title="National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery">National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> is a specialist neurological hospital.</figcaption></figure> Tertiary care is specialized consultative health care, usually for <a href="/wiki/Inpatient" class="mw-redirect" title="Inpatient">inpatients</a> and on referral from a primary or secondary health professional, in a facility that has personnel and facilities for advanced <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">medical</a> investigation and treatment, such as a <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_referral_hospital" title="Tertiary referral hospital">tertiary referral hospital</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Examples of tertiary care services are <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a> management, <a href="/wiki/Neurosurgery" title="Neurosurgery">neurosurgery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cardiac_surgery" title="Cardiac surgery">cardiac surgery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plastic_surgery" title="Plastic surgery">plastic surgery</a>, treatment for severe <a href="/wiki/Burn" title="Burn">burns</a>, advanced <a href="/wiki/Neonatology" title="Neonatology">neonatology</a> services, palliative, and other complex medical and surgical interventions.<a href="#cite_note-Emory-20">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quaternary_care">Quaternary care</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Health_care&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Quaternary care" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The term quaternary care is sometimes used as an extension of tertiary care in reference to advanced levels of medicine which are highly <a href="/wiki/Medical_specialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical specialist">specialized</a> and not widely accessed. <a href="/wiki/Clinical_research" title="Clinical research">Experimental medicine</a> and some types of uncommon <a href="/wiki/Diagnosis" title="Diagnosis">diagnostic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Surgery" title="Surgery">surgical</a> procedures are considered quaternary care. These services are usually only offered in a limited number of regional or national health care centers.<a href="#cite_note-Emory-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Home_and_community_care">Home and community care</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Health_care&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Home and community care" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">Public health</a></div> Many types of health care interventions are delivered outside of health facilities. They include many interventions of <a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">public health</a> interest, such as <a href="/wiki/Food_safety" title="Food safety">food safety</a> surveillance, distribution of <a href="/wiki/Condom" title="Condom">condoms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Needle-exchange_programme" class="mw-redirect" title="Needle-exchange programme">needle-exchange programs</a> for the prevention of transmissible diseases.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] They also include the services of professionals in residential and community settings in support of <a href="/wiki/Self-care" title="Self-care">self-care</a>, <a href="/wiki/Home_care" title="Home care">home care</a>, <a href="/wiki/Long-term_care" title="Long-term care">long-term care</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assisted_living" title="Assisted living">assisted living</a>, treatment for <a href="/wiki/Substance_use_disorder" title="Substance use disorder">substance use disorders</a> among other types of health and social care services.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Community <a href="/wiki/Physical_therapy" title="Physical therapy">rehabilitation</a> services can assist with mobility and independence after the loss of limbs or loss of function. This can include <a href="/wiki/Prosthesis" title="Prosthesis">prostheses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orthotics" title="Orthotics">orthotics</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wheelchair" title="Wheelchair">wheelchairs</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Many countries are dealing with aging populations, so one of the priorities of the health care system is to help seniors live full, independent lives in the comfort of their own homes. There is an entire section of health care geared to providing seniors with help in day-to-day activities at home such as transportation to and from doctor's appointments along with many other activities that are essential for their health and well-being. Although they provide home care for older adults in cooperation, family members and care workers may harbor diverging attitudes and values towards their joint efforts. This state of affairs presents a challenge for the design of ICT (information and communication technology) for home care.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Because statistics show that over 80 million Americans have taken time off of their primary employment to care for a loved one,<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> many countries have begun offering programs such as the Consumer Directed Personal Assistant Program to allow family members to take care of their loved ones without giving up their entire income.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] With obesity in children rapidly becoming a major concern, health services often set up programs in schools aimed at educating children about nutritional eating habits, making physical education a requirement and teaching young adolescents to have a positive self-image.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ratings">Ratings</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Health_care&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ratings" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Health_care_ratings" title="Health care ratings">Health care ratings</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Health_care_ratings" title="Health care ratings">Health care ratings</a> are ratings or <a href="/wiki/Evaluation" title="Evaluation">evaluations</a> of health care used to evaluate the process of care and health care structures and/or outcomes of health care services. This information is translated into report cards that are generated by quality organizations, nonprofit, consumer groups and media. This evaluation of quality is based on measures of:[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Health_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Health plan">health plan</a> quality</li> <li>hospital quality</li> <li>of <a href="/wiki/Patient_experience" title="Patient experience">patient experience</a></li> <li>physician quality</li> <li>quality for other health professionals</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Access_to_health_care">Access to health care</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Health_care&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Access to health care" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Health_equity" title="Health equity">Health equity</a></div> Access to healthcare may vary across countries, communities, and individuals, influenced by social and economic conditions as well as <a href="/wiki/Health_policy" title="Health policy">health policies</a>. Providing health care services means "the timely use of personal health services to achieve the best possible health outcomes".<a href="#cite_note-NAP2009-3">[3]</a> Factors to consider in terms of healthcare access include financial limitations (such as insurance coverage), <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geographical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Logistics" title="Logistics">logistical</a> barriers (such as additional transportation costs and the ability to take paid time off work to use such services), <a href="/wiki/Sociocultural" title="Sociocultural">sociocultural</a> expectations, and personal limitations (lack of ability to communicate with health care providers, poor <a href="/wiki/Health_literacy" title="Health literacy">health literacy</a>, low income).<a href="#cite_note-RHI2021-4">[4]</a> Limitations to health care services affects negatively the use of medical services, the efficacy of treatments, and overall outcome (well-being, mortality rates).[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Related_sectors">Related sectors</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Health_care&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Related sectors" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> Health care extends beyond the delivery of services to patients, encompassing many related sectors, and is set within a bigger picture of financing and governance structures. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_system">Health system</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Health_care&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Health system" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Health_system" title="Health system">Health system</a> and <a href="/wiki/Health_care_systems_by_country" title="Health care systems by country">Health care systems by country</a></div> A health system, also sometimes referred to as health care system or healthcare system, is the organization of people, institutions, and resources that deliver health care services to populations in need.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industry">Industry</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Health_care&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Industry" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_industry" title="Healthcare industry">Healthcare industry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Health_economics" title="Health economics">Health economics</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_industry" title="Healthcare industry">healthcare industry</a> incorporates several sectors that are dedicated to providing health care services and products. As a basic framework for defining the sector, the United Nations' <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Industrial_Classification" title="International Standard Industrial Classification">International Standard Industrial Classification</a> categorizes health care as generally consisting of hospital activities, medical and dental practice activities, and "other human health activities." The last class involves activities of, or under the supervision of, nurses, midwives, physiotherapists, scientific or diagnostic laboratories, pathology clinics, residential health facilities, patient advocates<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> or other <a href="/wiki/Allied_health_professions" title="Allied health professions">allied health professions</a>. In addition, according to industry and market classifications, such as the <a href="/wiki/Global_Industry_Classification_Standard" title="Global Industry Classification Standard">Global Industry Classification Standard</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Industry_Classification_Benchmark" title="Industry Classification Benchmark">Industry Classification Benchmark</a>, health care includes many categories of medical equipment, instruments and services including <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">biotechnology</a>, diagnostic laboratories and substances, drug manufacturing and delivery.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] For example, pharmaceuticals and other medical devices are the leading high technology exports of Europe and the United States.<a href="#cite_note-Europe-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-PHRMA-27">[27]</a> The United States dominates the <a href="/wiki/Biopharmaceutical" title="Biopharmaceutical">biopharmaceutical</a> field, accounting for three-quarters of the world's biotechnology revenues.<a href="#cite_note-Europe-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-EFPIA-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research">Research</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Health_care&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Research" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Medical_research" title="Medical research">Medical research</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nursing_research" title="Nursing research">Nursing research</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a topical guide, see <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare science">Healthcare science</a>.</div> The quantity and quality of many health care interventions are improved through the results of science, such as advanced through the <a href="/wiki/Medical_model" title="Medical model">medical model</a> of health which focuses on the eradication of <a href="/wiki/Illness" class="mw-redirect" title="Illness">illness</a> through <a href="/wiki/Medical_diagnosis" title="Medical diagnosis">diagnosis</a> and effective treatment. Many important advances have been made through health research, <a href="/wiki/Biomedical_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Biomedical research">biomedical research</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceutical research">pharmaceutical research</a>, which form the basis for <a href="/wiki/Evidence-based_medicine" title="Evidence-based medicine">evidence-based medicine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Evidence-based_practice" title="Evidence-based practice">evidence-based practice</a> in health care delivery. Health care research frequently engages directly with patients, and as such issues for whom to engage and how to engage with them become important to consider when seeking to actively include them in studies. While single best practice does not exist, the results of a systematic review on patient engagement suggest that research methods for patient selection need to account for both patient availability and willingness to engage.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> <a href="/wiki/Health_services_research" title="Health services research">Health services research</a> can lead to greater efficiency and equitable delivery of health care interventions, as advanced through the <a href="/wiki/Social_model_of_disability" title="Social model of disability">social model of health and disability</a>, which emphasizes the societal changes that can be made to make populations healthier.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Results from health services research often form the basis of <a href="/wiki/Evidence-based_policy" title="Evidence-based policy">evidence-based policy</a> in health care systems. <a href="/wiki/Health_services_research" title="Health services research">Health services research</a> is also aided by initiatives in the field of artificial intelligence for the development of systems of health assessment that are clinically useful, timely, sensitive to change, <a href="/wiki/Culturally_sensitive" class="mw-redirect" title="Culturally sensitive">culturally sensitive</a>, low-burden, low-cost, built into standard procedures, and involve the patient.<a href="#cite_note-campro-31">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Financing">Financing</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Health_care&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Financing" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare system">Healthcare system</a>, <a href="/wiki/Health_policy" title="Health policy">Health policy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universal_health_care" title="Universal health care">Universal health care</a>, <a href="/wiki/Health_spending_as_percent_of_gross_domestic_product_(GDP)_by_country" title="Health spending as percent of gross domestic product (GDP) by country">Health spending as percent of gross domestic product (GDP) by country</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_total_health_expenditure_per_capita" title="List of countries by total health expenditure per capita">List of countries by total health expenditure per capita</a></div> <div class="thumb tright" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:522px"><div class="thumbimage noresize" style="width:520px;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> See or edit <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data:Health_spending.tab" class="extiw" title="c:Data:Health spending.tab">source data</a>. </div><div class="thumbcaption">Total health spending as a fraction of GDP<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></div></div></div> There are generally five primary methods of funding <a href="/wiki/Health_care_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Health care systems">health care systems</a>:<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> <ol><li>General <a href="/wiki/Taxation" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxation">taxation</a> to the state, county or municipality</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_insurance" title="Social insurance">Social health insurance</a></li> <li>Voluntary or private <a href="/wiki/Health_insurance" title="Health insurance">health insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out-of-pocket_expenses" class="mw-redirect" title="Out-of-pocket expenses">Out-of-pocket payments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donation" title="Donation">Donations</a> to health <a href="/wiki/Charities" class="mw-redirect" title="Charities">charities</a></li></ol> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Life_expectancy_vs_healthcare_spending.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Life_expectancy_vs_healthcare_spending.jpg/310px-Life_expectancy_vs_healthcare_spending.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="300" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1876" data-file-height="1816"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 310px;height: 300px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Life_expectancy_vs_healthcare_spending.jpg/310px-Life_expectancy_vs_healthcare_spending.jpg" data-width="310" data-height="300" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Life_expectancy_vs_healthcare_spending.jpg/465px-Life_expectancy_vs_healthcare_spending.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Life_expectancy_vs_healthcare_spending.jpg/620px-Life_expectancy_vs_healthcare_spending.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Life expectancy vs healthcare spending of rich <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> countries. <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_total_health_expenditure_per_capita" title="List of countries by total health expenditure per capita">US average of $10,447 in 2018</a>.<a href="#cite_note-life-34">[34]</a></figcaption></figure> In most countries, there is a mix of all five models, but this varies across countries and over time within countries. Aside from financing mechanisms, an important question should always be how much to spend on health care. For the purposes of comparison, this is often expressed as the percentage of GDP spent on health care. In <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> countries for every extra $1000 spent on health care, life expectancy falls by 0.4 years.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> A similar correlation is seen from the analysis carried out each year by Bloomberg.<a href="#cite_note-auto-36">[36]</a> Clearly this kind of analysis is flawed in that life expectancy is only one measure of a health system's performance, but equally, the notion that more funding is better is not supported.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 2011, the <a href="/wiki/Health_care_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Health care industry">health care industry</a> consumed an average of 9.3 percent of the <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> or <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a> 3,322 (<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP-adjusted</a>) per capita across the 34 members of <a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development">OECD</a> countries. The US (17.7%, or US$ PPP 8,508), the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> (11.9%, 5,099), <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> (11.6%, 4,118), <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> (11.3%, 4,495), <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> (11.2%, 5669), and <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> (11%, 5,634) were the top spenders, however <a href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">life expectancy in total population at birth</a> was highest in Switzerland (82.8 years), <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> (82.7), <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> (82.4), France (82.2) and <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> (82.0), while OECD's average exceeds 80 years for the first time ever in 2011: 80.1 years, a gain of 10 years since 1970. The US (78.7 years) ranges only on place 26 among the 34 OECD member countries, but has the highest costs by far. All OECD countries have achieved universal (or almost universal) health coverage, except the US and <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>.<a href="#cite_note-OECDHealthGlance-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-OECDLifeExpectancy-38">[38]</a> (see also <a href="/wiki/Health_system#International_comparisons" title="Health system">international comparisons</a>.) In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, where around 18% of GDP is spent on health care,<a href="#cite_note-auto-36">[36]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Fund" title="Commonwealth Fund">Commonwealth Fund</a> analysis of spend and quality shows a clear correlation between worse quality and higher spending.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Expand the <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> charts below to see the breakdown: <ul><li>"Government/compulsory": Government spending and compulsory health insurance.</li> <li>"Voluntary": Voluntary health insurance and private funds such as households' out-of-pocket payments, NGOs and private corporations.</li> <li>They are represented by columns starting at zero. They are not stacked. The 2 are combined to get the total.</li> <li>At the source you can run your cursor over the columns to get the year and the total for that country.<a href="#cite_note-OECD-barcharts-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Click the table tab at the source to get 3 lists (one after another) of amounts by country: "Total", "Government/compulsory", and "Voluntary".<a href="#cite_note-OECD-barcharts-40">[40]</a></li></ul> <div style="display:inline-table; vertical-align:top;"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Health_spending_by_country._Percent_of_GDP_(Gross_domestic_product).png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Health_spending_by_country._Percent_of_GDP_%28Gross_domestic_product%29.png/310px-Health_spending_by_country._Percent_of_GDP_%28Gross_domestic_product%29.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="155" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2562" data-file-height="1281"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 310px;height: 155px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Health_spending_by_country._Percent_of_GDP_%28Gross_domestic_product%29.png/310px-Health_spending_by_country._Percent_of_GDP_%28Gross_domestic_product%29.png" data-width="310" data-height="155" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Health_spending_by_country._Percent_of_GDP_%28Gross_domestic_product%29.png/465px-Health_spending_by_country._Percent_of_GDP_%28Gross_domestic_product%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Health_spending_by_country._Percent_of_GDP_%28Gross_domestic_product%29.png/620px-Health_spending_by_country._Percent_of_GDP_%28Gross_domestic_product%29.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Health_spending_as_a_percent_of_GDP_by_country_(gross_domestic_product)" class="mw-redirect" title="Health spending as a percent of GDP by country (gross domestic product)">Health spending by country</a>. Percent of GDP (<a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">Gross domestic product</a>). For example: 11.2% for Canada in 2022. 16.6% for the United States in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-OECD-barcharts-40">[40]</a></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="display:inline-table; vertical-align:top;"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Health_spending._OECD_countries._US_dollars_per_capita_(using_economy-wide_PPPs).png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Health_spending._OECD_countries._US_dollars_per_capita_%28using_economy-wide_PPPs%29.png/310px-Health_spending._OECD_countries._US_dollars_per_capita_%28using_economy-wide_PPPs%29.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="153" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2562" data-file-height="1267"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 310px;height: 153px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Health_spending._OECD_countries._US_dollars_per_capita_%28using_economy-wide_PPPs%29.png/310px-Health_spending._OECD_countries._US_dollars_per_capita_%28using_economy-wide_PPPs%29.png" data-width="310" data-height="153" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Health_spending._OECD_countries._US_dollars_per_capita_%28using_economy-wide_PPPs%29.png/465px-Health_spending._OECD_countries._US_dollars_per_capita_%28using_economy-wide_PPPs%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Health_spending._OECD_countries._US_dollars_per_capita_%28using_economy-wide_PPPs%29.png/620px-Health_spending._OECD_countries._US_dollars_per_capita_%28using_economy-wide_PPPs%29.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_total_health_expenditure_per_capita" title="List of countries by total health expenditure per capita">Total healthcare cost per person</a>. Public and private spending. US dollars <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>. For example: $6,319 for Canada in 2022. $12,555 for the US in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-OECD-barcharts-40">[40]</a></figcaption></figure> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administration_and_regulation">Administration and regulation</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Health_care&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Administration and regulation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Health_professional_requisites" title="Health professional requisites">Health professional requisites</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Health_administration" title="Health administration">management and administration of health care</a> is vital to the delivery of health care services. In particular, the practice of health professionals and the operation of health care institutions is typically <a href="/wiki/Regulation" title="Regulation">regulated</a> by national or state/provincial authorities through appropriate regulatory bodies for purposes of <a href="/wiki/Quality_assurance" title="Quality assurance">quality assurance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Most countries have credentialing staff in regulatory boards or <a href="/wiki/Health_department" title="Health department">health departments</a> who document the <a href="/wiki/Health_professional_requisites" title="Health professional requisites">certification or licensing of health workers</a> and their work history.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_information_technology">Health information technology</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Health_care&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Health information technology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Health_information_technology" title="Health information technology">Health information technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Health_information_management" title="Health information management">Health information management</a>, <a href="/wiki/Health_informatics" title="Health informatics">Health informatics</a>, <a href="/wiki/EHealth" title="EHealth">eHealth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Health_technology" title="Health technology">Health technology</a></div> Health information technology (HIT) is "the application of information processing involving both computer hardware and software that deals with the storage, retrieval, sharing, and use of health care information, data, and knowledge for communication and decision making."<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Health information technology components: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_health_record" title="Electronic health record">Electronic health record</a> (EHR) – An EHR contains a patient's comprehensive medical history, and may include records from multiple providers.<a href="#cite_note-:0-44">[44]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Medical_Record" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic Medical Record">Electronic Medical Record</a> (EMR) – An EMR contains the standard medical and clinical data gathered in one's provider's office.<a href="#cite_note-:0-44">[44]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_information_exchange" title="Health information exchange">Health information exchange</a> (HIE) – Health Information Exchange allows health care professionals and patients to appropriately access and securely share a patient's vital medical information electronically.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_practice_management_software" title="Medical practice management software">Medical practice management software</a> (MPM) – is designed to streamline the day-to-day tasks of operating a medical facility. Also known as practice management software or practice management system (PMS).[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_health_record" title="Personal health record">Personal health record</a> (PHR) – A PHR is a patient's medical history that is maintained privately, for personal use.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Health_care&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Health_care_by_country" title="Category:Health care by country">Category:Health care by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_health" title="Global health">Global health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_equity" title="Health equity">Health equity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_policy" title="Health policy">Health policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare system">Healthcare system</a> / <a href="/wiki/Health_professionals" class="mw-redirect" title="Health professionals">Health professionals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_politics" title="Tobacco politics">Tobacco control laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_health_care" title="Universal health care">Universal health care</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Health_care&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved 27 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.healthit.gov&rft.atitle=What+is+a+personal+health+record%3F+%7C+FAQs+%7C+Providers+%26+Professionals+%7C+HealthIT.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.healthit.gov%2Fproviders-professionals%2Ffaqs%2Fwhat-personal-health-record&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHealth+care" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Health_care&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style 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data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/12px-WHO_Rod.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/16px-WHO_Rod.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portal:Medicine" title="Portal:Medicine">Medicine</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/21px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 18px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/21px-Social_sciences.svg.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="21" data-height="18" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/32px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/42px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/8px-WHO_Rod.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="107" data-file-height="250"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 8px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/8px-WHO_Rod.svg.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="8" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/12px-WHO_Rod.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/16px-WHO_Rod.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portal:Health_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Health care">Health care</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Health_care&oldid=1256632371">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Health_care&oldid=1256632371</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Health_care&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 10 November 2024, at 21:20 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="رعاية صحية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رعاية صحية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asistencia_sanitaria" title="Asistencia sanitaria – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Asistencia sanitaria" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C9%99hiyy%C9%99" title="Səhiyyə – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Səhiyyə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE" title="স্বাস্থ্যসেবা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্বাস্থ্যসেবা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%8F" title="Ахова здароўя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ахова здароўя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%8F" title="Ахова здароўя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ахова здароўя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Здравеопазване – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Здравеопазване" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Элүүрые хамгаалга – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Элүүрые хамгаалга" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist%C3%A8ncia_sanit%C3%A0ria" title="Assistència sanitària – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Assistència sanitària" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zdravotnictv%C3%AD" title="Zdravotnictví – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zdravotnictví" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesundheitsversorgung" title="Gesundheitsversorgung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gesundheitsversorgung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tervishoid" title="Tervishoid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tervishoid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B1_%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Φροντίδα υγείας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φροντίδα υγείας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asistencia_sanitaria" title="Asistencia sanitaria – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Asistencia sanitaria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sansistemo" title="Sansistemo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sansistemo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osasun-laguntza" title="Osasun-laguntza – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Osasun-laguntza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA" title="مراقبت سلامت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مراقبت سلامت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soins_de_sant%C3%A9" title="Soins de santé – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Soins de santé" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asistencia_sanitaria" title="Asistencia sanitaria – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Asistencia sanitaria" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%AE-li%C3%A0u_v%C3%AD-s%C3%A2ng" title="Yî-liàu ví-sâng – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yî-liàu ví-sâng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%98%EB%A3%8C" title="의료 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="의료" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kula_da_lafiya" title="Kula da lafiya – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kula da lafiya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BC%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Առողջապահություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Առողջապահություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE" title="स्वास्थ्य सेवा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्वास्थ्य सेवा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zdravstvena_za%C5%A1tita" title="Zdravstvena zaštita – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zdravstvena zaštita" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flegado" title="Flegado – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Flegado" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nlek%E1%BB%8Dta_ah%E1%BB%A5ike_ma_%E1%BB%8D" title="Nlekọta ahụike ma ọ – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Nlekọta ahụike ma ọ" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelayanan_kesehatan" title="Pelayanan kesehatan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pelayanan kesehatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assistenza_sanitaria" title="Assistenza sanitaria – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Assistenza sanitaria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA" title="שירותי בריאות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שירותי בריאות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%81%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Денсаулық сақтау – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Денсаулық сақтау" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesel%C4%ABbas_apr%C5%ABpe" title="Veselības aprūpe – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Veselības aprūpe" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Здравствена заштита – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Здравствена заштита" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitsaboana" title="Fitsaboana – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fitsaboana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="ആരോഗ്യ സംരക്ഷണം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആരോഗ്യ സംരക്ഷണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penjagaan_kesihatan" title="Penjagaan kesihatan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penjagaan kesihatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bula_qaravi" title="Bula qaravi – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Bula qaravi" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gezondheidszorg" title="Gezondheidszorg – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gezondheidszorg" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E7%99%82" title="医療 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="医療" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsevesen" title="Helsevesen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Helsevesen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sog%CA%BBliqni_saqlash" title="Sogʻliqni saqlash – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sogʻliqni saqlash" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2" title="ਸਿਹਤ ਸੰਭਾਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਿਹਤ ਸੰਭਾਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%AA_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%DA%A9%DA%BE_%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DA%BE" title="صحت دی دیکھ ریکھ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="صحت دی دیکھ ریکھ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%87" title="روغتيايي پاملرنه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="روغتيايي پاملرنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opieka_zdrowotna" title="Opieka zdrowotna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Opieka zdrowotna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist%C3%AAncia_m%C3%A9dica" title="Assistência médica – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Assistência médica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asisten%C8%9B%C4%83_medical%C4%83" title="Asistență medicală – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Asistență medicală" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Здравоохранение – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Здравоохранение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kujdesi_sh%C3%ABndet%C3%ABsor" title="Kujdesi shëndetësor – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kujdesi shëndetësor" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%9E%E0%B6%9B%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F" title="සෞඛ්‍ය සේවා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සෞඛ්‍ය සේවා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthcare" title="Healthcare – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Healthcare" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zdravotn%C3%ADctvo" title="Zdravotníctvo – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zdravotníctvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zdravstveno_varstvo" title="Zdravstveno varstvo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zdravstveno varstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="چاودێریی تەندروستی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چاودێریی تەندروستی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Здравствена заштита – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Здравствена заштита" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zdravstvena_za%C5%A1tita" title="Zdravstvena zaštita – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zdravstvena zaštita" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terveydenhuolto" title="Terveydenhuolto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Terveydenhuolto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A4lso-_och_sjukv%C3%A5rd" title="Hälso- och sjukvård – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hälso- och sjukvård" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangangalagang_pangkalusugan" title="Pangangalagang pangkalusugan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pangangalagang pangkalusugan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="நலம் பேணல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நலம் பேணல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E" title="บริการสุขภาพ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บริการสุขภาพ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa%C4%9Fl%C4%B1k_hizmetleri" title="Sağlık hizmetleri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sağlık hizmetleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%27%D1%8F" title="Охорона здоров'я – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Охорона здоров'я" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%81%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA" title="طبی نگہداشت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="طبی نگہداشت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_t%E1%BA%BF" title="Y tế – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Y tế" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagmangno_hin_panlawas" title="Pagmangno hin panlawas – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pagmangno hin panlawas" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%98_%D7%A7%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8" title="העלט קעיר – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="העלט קעיר" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E8%AD%B7%E7%90%86" title="健康護理 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="健康護理" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E7%99%82%E4%BF%9D%E5%81%A5" title="醫療保健 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="醫療保健" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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