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id="toc-Tōnalpōhualli-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Day_signs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Day_signs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Day signs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Day_signs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trecenas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trecenas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span><span><i>Trecenas</i></span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trecenas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Xiuhpōhualli" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xiuhpōhualli"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span><span><i>Xiuhpōhualli</i></span></span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Xiuhpōhualli-sublist" 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</ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reconstruction_of_the_Solar_calendar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reconstruction_of_the_Solar_calendar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Reconstruction of the Solar calendar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reconstruction_of_the_Solar_calendar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Aztec calendar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%AA%D9%83" title="تقويم الآزتك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تقويم الآزتك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astek_t%C9%99qvimi" title="Astek təqvimi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Astek təqvimi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendari_asteca" title="Calendari asteca – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Calendari asteca" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azteken-Kalender" title="Azteken-Kalender – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Azteken-Kalender" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%91%CE%B6%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%BA%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Ημερολόγιο των Αζτέκων – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ημερολόγιο των Αζτέκων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendario_mexica" title="Calendario mexica – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Calendario mexica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azteka_kalendaro" title="Azteka kalendaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Azteka kalendaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%AA%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="گاه‌شماری آزتکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گاه‌شماری آزتکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendrier_azt%C3%A8que" title="Calendrier aztèque – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Calendrier aztèque" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%95%EC%8B%9C%EC%B9%B4%EB%A0%A5" title="멕시카력 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="멕시카력" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aste%C4%8Dki_kalendar" title="Astečki kalendar – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Astečki kalendar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalendario_azteka" title="Kalendario azteka – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kalendario azteka" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalender_Aztek" title="Kalender Aztek – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kalender Aztek" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendario_azteco" title="Calendario azteco – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Calendario azteco" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="აცტეკების კალენდარი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აცტეკების კალენდარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actek%C5%B3_kalendorius" title="Actekų kalendorius – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Actekų kalendorius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azt%C3%A9k_napt%C3%A1r" title="Azték naptár – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Azték naptár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ацтечки календар – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ацтечки календар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="अस्तेक दिनदर्शिका – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अस्तेक दिनदर्शिका" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="აცტეკური კალენდარი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="აცტეკური კალენდარი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takwim_Aztek" title="Takwim Aztek – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Takwim Aztek" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8Dnalmachiy%C5%8Dtl" title="Tōnalmachiyōtl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tōnalmachiyōtl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azteekse_kalender" title="Azteekse kalender – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Azteekse kalender" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%82%AB%E6%9A%A6" title="アステカ暦 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アステカ暦" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aztekerkalenderen" title="Aztekerkalenderen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Aztekerkalenderen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalendarz_aztecki" title="Kalendarz aztecki – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kalendarz aztecki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calend%C3%A1rio_asteca" title="Calendário asteca – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Calendário asteca" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Ацтекский календарь – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ацтекский календарь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aztec_calendar" title="Aztec calendar – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Aztec calendar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azte%C5%A1ki_koledar" title="Azteški koledar – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Azteški koledar" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Астечки календар – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Астечки календар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aste%C4%8Dki_kalendar" title="Astečki kalendar – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Astečki kalendar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aztekkalendern" title="Aztekkalendern – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Aztekkalendern" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ацтекський календар – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ацтекський календар" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%B9%E7%89%B9%E5%85%8B%E5%8E%86%E6%B3%95" title="阿兹特克历法 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿兹特克历法" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q751493#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> 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searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar system that was used by the Aztecs</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Grabado_de_la_Fundaci%C3%B3n_de_M%C3%A9xico.svg/100px-Grabado_de_la_Fundaci%C3%B3n_de_M%C3%A9xico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Grabado_de_la_Fundaci%C3%B3n_de_M%C3%A9xico.svg/150px-Grabado_de_la_Fundaci%C3%B3n_de_M%C3%A9xico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Grabado_de_la_Fundaci%C3%B3n_de_M%C3%A9xico.svg/200px-Grabado_de_la_Fundaci%C3%B3n_de_M%C3%A9xico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="403" data-file-height="557" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size: 125%; padding: 0.3em 0; background: #E5E5E5;"><a href="/wiki/Aztec" class="mw-redirect" title="Aztec">Aztec Empire</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_mythology" title="Aztec mythology">Mythology</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_warfare" title="Aztec warfare">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_codices" class="mw-redirect" title="Aztec codices">Codices</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_Empire#History" title="Aztec Empire">History</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Noche_Triste" title="La Noche Triste">La Noche Triste</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Aztec_Empire" title="Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire">Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztec#City-building_and_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Aztec">Engineering</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_society#Education" title="Aztec 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data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The Aztec sun stone and a depiction of its base</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Aztec</b> or <b>Mexica calendar</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Calendar" title="Calendar">calendrical</a> system used by the <a href="/wiki/Aztecs" title="Aztecs">Aztecs</a> as well as other <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">Pre-Columbian</a> <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Mexico" title="Indigenous peoples of Mexico">peoples of central Mexico</a>. It is one of the <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_calendars" title="Mesoamerican calendars">Mesoamerican calendars</a>, sharing the basic structure of calendars from throughout the region. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monolito_de_la_Piedra_del_Sol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Monolito_de_la_Piedra_del_Sol.jpg/220px-Monolito_de_la_Piedra_del_Sol.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Monolito_de_la_Piedra_del_Sol.jpg/330px-Monolito_de_la_Piedra_del_Sol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Monolito_de_la_Piedra_del_Sol.jpg/440px-Monolito_de_la_Piedra_del_Sol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Aztec_sun_stone" title="Aztec sun stone">Aztec sun stone</a> depicts calendrical symbols on its inner ring but did not function as an actual calendar.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Aztec_sun_stone" title="Aztec sun stone">Aztec sun stone</a>, often erroneously called the calendar stone, is on display at the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Anthropology" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum of Anthropology">National Museum of Anthropology</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>. The actual Aztec calendar consists of a 365-day calendar cycle called <span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><i lang="nci"><a href="/wiki/Xiuhp%C5%8Dhualli" title="Xiuhpōhualli">xiuhpōhualli</a></i></span> (year count), and a 260-day ritual cycle called <span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><i lang="nci"><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dnalp%C5%8Dhualli" title="Tōnalpōhualli">tōnalpōhualli</a></i></span> (day count). These two cycles together form a 52-year "century", sometimes called the "<a href="/wiki/Calendar_Round" class="mw-redirect" title="Calendar Round">calendar round</a>". The <span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><i lang="nci">xiuhpōhualli</i></span> is considered to be the agricultural calendar, since it is based on the sun, and the <span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><i lang="nci">tōnalpōhualli</i></span> is considered to be the sacred calendar. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tōnalpōhualli"><span id="T.C5.8Dnalp.C5.8Dhualli"></span>Tōnalpōhualli</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aztec_calendar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Tōnalpōhualli"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><i lang="nci"><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dnalp%C5%8Dhualli" title="Tōnalpōhualli">tōnalpōhualli</a></i></span> ("day count") consists of a cycle of 260 days, each day signified by a combination of a number from 1 to 13, and one of the twenty day signs. With each new day, both the number and day sign would be incremented: 1. Crocodile is followed by 2. Wind, 3. House, 4. Lizard, and so forth up to 13. Reed. After Reed, the cycle of numbers would restart (though the twenty day signs had not yet been exhausted), resulting in 1. Jaguar, 2. Eagle, and so on, as the days immediately following 13. Reed. This cycle of number and day signs would continue similarly until the 20th week, which would start on 1. Rabbit, and end on 13. Flower. It would take a full 260 days (13×20) for the two cycles (of twenty day signs, and thirteen numbers) to realign and repeat the sequence back to 1. Crocodile. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Day_signs">Day signs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aztec_calendar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Day signs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The set of day signs used in central Mexico is identical to that used by <a href="/wiki/Mixtec" title="Mixtec">Mixtecs</a>, and to a lesser degree similar to those of other <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_calendars" title="Mesoamerican calendars">Mesoamerican calendars</a>. Each of the day signs bear an association with one of the four cardinal directions.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is some variation in the way the day signs were drawn or carved. Those here were taken from the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Codex_Magliabechiano" title="Codex Magliabechiano">Codex Magliabechiano</a></i></span>. </p> <table width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Image</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Nahuatl" title="Nahuatl">Nahuatl</a> name</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_Nahuatl" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:IPA for Nahuatl">Pronunciation</a></th> <th>English translation</th> <th>Direction </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cipactli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Cipactli.jpg/37px-Cipactli.jpg" decoding="async" width="37" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Cipactli.jpg/55px-Cipactli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Cipactli.jpg/74px-Cipactli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="269" data-file-height="364" /></a></span></td> <td><span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><span lang="nci" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Cipactli" title="Cipactli">Cipactli</a></span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nah-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nahuatl" title="Help:IPA/Nahuatl">[siˈpáktɬi]</a></span></td> <td>Crocodile<br />Alligator<br />Caiman<br />Crocodilian Monster<br />Dragon</td> <td>East </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ehecatl2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Ehecatl2.jpg/47px-Ehecatl2.jpg" decoding="async" width="47" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Ehecatl2.jpg/71px-Ehecatl2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Ehecatl2.jpg/95px-Ehecatl2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="269" data-file-height="284" /></a></span></td> <td><span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><span lang="nci" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ehecatl" title="Ehecatl">Ehēcatl</a></span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nah-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nahuatl" title="Help:IPA/Nahuatl">[eʔˈéːkatɬ]</a></span></td> <td>Wind</td> <td>North </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Calli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Calli.jpg/52px-Calli.jpg" decoding="async" width="52" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Calli.jpg/78px-Calli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Calli.jpg/104px-Calli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="237" data-file-height="228" /></a></span></td> <td><span lang="nci"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/calli#Classical_Nahuatl" class="extiw" title="wikt:calli">Calli</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nah-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nahuatl" title="Help:IPA/Nahuatl">[ˈkálːi]</a></span></td> <td>House</td> <td>West </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cuetzpalin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Cuetzpalin.jpg/39px-Cuetzpalin.jpg" decoding="async" width="39" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Cuetzpalin.jpg/58px-Cuetzpalin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Cuetzpalin.jpg/77px-Cuetzpalin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="253" /></a></span></td> <td><span lang="nci"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cuetzpalin#Classical_Nahuatl" class="extiw" title="wikt:cuetzpalin">Cuetzpalin</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nah-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nahuatl" title="Help:IPA/Nahuatl">[kʷetsˈpálin̥]</a></span></td> <td>Lizard</td> <td>South </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coatl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Coatl.jpg/50px-Coatl.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Coatl.jpg/75px-Coatl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Coatl.jpg/100px-Coatl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="254" data-file-height="254" /></a></span></td> <td><span lang="nci"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coatl#Classical_Nahuatl" class="extiw" title="wikt:coatl">Cōātl</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nah-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nahuatl" title="Help:IPA/Nahuatl">[ˈkóːwaːtɬ]</a></span></td> <td>Serpent<br />Snake</td> <td>East </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Miquiztli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Miquiztli.jpg/50px-Miquiztli.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Miquiztli.jpg/75px-Miquiztli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Miquiztli.jpg/100px-Miquiztli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="229" data-file-height="230" /></a></span></td> <td><span lang="nci"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/miquiztli#Classical_Nahuatl" class="extiw" title="wikt:miquiztli">Miquiztli</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nah-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nahuatl" title="Help:IPA/Nahuatl">[miˈkístɬi]</a></span></td> <td>Death</td> <td>North </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mazatl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Mazatl.jpg/49px-Mazatl.jpg" decoding="async" width="49" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Mazatl.jpg/73px-Mazatl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Mazatl.jpg/98px-Mazatl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="244" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></td> <td><span lang="nci"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mazatl#Classical_Nahuatl" class="extiw" title="wikt:mazatl">Mazātl</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nah-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nahuatl" title="Help:IPA/Nahuatl">[ˈmásaːtɬ]</a></span></td> <td>Deer<br />Animal</td> <td>West </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tochtli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Tochtli.jpg/55px-Tochtli.jpg" decoding="async" width="55" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Tochtli.jpg/82px-Tochtli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Tochtli.jpg/110px-Tochtli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="241" data-file-height="220" /></a></span></td> <td><span lang="nci"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tochtli#Classical_Nahuatl" class="extiw" title="wikt:tochtli">Tōchtli</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nah-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nahuatl" title="Help:IPA/Nahuatl">[ˈtóːtʃtɬi]</a></span></td> <td>Rabbit</td> <td>South </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Atl3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Atl3.jpg/84px-Atl3.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Atl3.jpg/126px-Atl3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Atl3.jpg/168px-Atl3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="252" data-file-height="150" /></a></span></td> <td><span lang="nci"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/atl#Classical_Nahuatl" class="extiw" title="wikt:atl">Ātl</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nah-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nahuatl" title="Help:IPA/Nahuatl">[ˈaːtɬ]</a></span></td> <td>Water</td> <td>East </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Itzcuintli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Itzcuintli.jpg/55px-Itzcuintli.jpg" decoding="async" width="55" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Itzcuintli.jpg/82px-Itzcuintli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Itzcuintli.jpg/109px-Itzcuintli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="238" data-file-height="218" /></a></span></td> <td><span lang="nci"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/itzcuintli#Classical_Nahuatl" class="extiw" title="wikt:itzcuintli">Itzcuīntli</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nah-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nahuatl" title="Help:IPA/Nahuatl">[itsˈkʷíːn̥tɬi]</a></span></td> <td>Dog</td> <td>North </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Image</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Nahuatl" title="Nahuatl">Nahuatl</a> name</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Pronunciation</a></th> <th>English translation</th> <th>Direction </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ozomatli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Ozomatli.jpg/39px-Ozomatli.jpg" decoding="async" width="39" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Ozomatli.jpg/58px-Ozomatli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Ozomatli.jpg/78px-Ozomatli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="336" /></a></span></td> <td><span lang="nci"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ozomahtli#Classical_Nahuatl" class="extiw" title="wikt:ozomahtli">Ozomahtli</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nah-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nahuatl" title="Help:IPA/Nahuatl">[osoˈmáʔtɬi]</a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monkey" title="Monkey">Monkey</a></td> <td>West </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Malinalli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Malinalli.jpg/43px-Malinalli.jpg" decoding="async" width="43" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Malinalli.jpg/64px-Malinalli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Malinalli.jpg/86px-Malinalli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="298" /></a></span></td> <td><span lang="nci"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/malinalli#Classical_Nahuatl" class="extiw" title="wikt:malinalli">Malīnalli</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nah-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nahuatl" title="Help:IPA/Nahuatl">[maliːˈnálːi]</a></span></td> <td>Grass</td> <td>South </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Acatl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Acatl.jpg/43px-Acatl.jpg" decoding="async" width="43" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Acatl.jpg/65px-Acatl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Acatl.jpg/87px-Acatl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="222" data-file-height="256" /></a></span></td> <td><span lang="nci"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/acatl#Classical_Nahuatl" class="extiw" title="wikt:acatl">Ācatl</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nah-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nahuatl" title="Help:IPA/Nahuatl">[ˈáːkatɬ]</a></span></td> <td>Reed</td> <td>East </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ocelotl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Ocelotl.jpg/54px-Ocelotl.jpg" decoding="async" width="54" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Ocelotl.jpg/81px-Ocelotl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Ocelotl.jpg/108px-Ocelotl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="227" data-file-height="210" /></a></span></td> <td><span lang="nci"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ocelotl#Classical_Nahuatl" class="extiw" title="wikt:ocelotl">Ocēlōtl</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nah-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nahuatl" title="Help:IPA/Nahuatl">[oːˈséːloːtɬ]</a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ocelot" title="Ocelot">Ocelot</a><br />Jaguar</td> <td>North </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cuauhtli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Cuauhtli.jpg/49px-Cuauhtli.jpg" decoding="async" width="49" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Cuauhtli.jpg/73px-Cuauhtli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Cuauhtli.jpg/98px-Cuauhtli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="246" data-file-height="251" /></a></span></td> <td><span lang="nci"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cuauhtli#Classical_Nahuatl" class="extiw" title="wikt:cuauhtli">Cuāuhtli</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nah-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nahuatl" title="Help:IPA/Nahuatl">[ˈkʷáːʍtɬi]</a></span></td> <td>Eagle</td> <td>West </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cozcacuauhtli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Cozcacuauhtli.jpg/47px-Cozcacuauhtli.jpg" decoding="async" width="47" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Cozcacuauhtli.jpg/71px-Cozcacuauhtli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Cozcacuauhtli.jpg/95px-Cozcacuauhtli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="289" data-file-height="305" /></a></span></td> <td><span lang="nci"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cozcacuauhtli#Classical_Nahuatl" class="extiw" title="wikt:cozcacuauhtli">Cōzcacuāuhtli</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nah-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nahuatl" title="Help:IPA/Nahuatl">[koːskaˈkʷáːʍtɬi]</a></span></td> <td>Vulture</td> <td>South </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olin_(Aztec_glyph_from_the_Codex_Magliabechiano).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Olin_%28Aztec_glyph_from_the_Codex_Magliabechiano%29.jpg/42px-Olin_%28Aztec_glyph_from_the_Codex_Magliabechiano%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="42" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Olin_%28Aztec_glyph_from_the_Codex_Magliabechiano%29.jpg/64px-Olin_%28Aztec_glyph_from_the_Codex_Magliabechiano%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Olin_%28Aztec_glyph_from_the_Codex_Magliabechiano%29.jpg/85px-Olin_%28Aztec_glyph_from_the_Codex_Magliabechiano%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="267" data-file-height="314" /></a></span></td> <td><span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><span lang="nci" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cl%C4%ABn" class="mw-redirect" title="Ōlīn">Ōlīn</a></span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nah-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nahuatl" title="Help:IPA/Nahuatl">[ˈoːliːn̥]</a></span></td> <td>Movement<br />Quake<br />Earthquake</td> <td>East </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tecpatl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Tecpatl.jpg/32px-Tecpatl.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Tecpatl.jpg/47px-Tecpatl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Tecpatl.jpg/63px-Tecpatl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="378" /></a></span></td> <td><span lang="nci"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tecpatl#Classical_Nahuatl" class="extiw" title="wikt:tecpatl">Tecpatl</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nah-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nahuatl" title="Help:IPA/Nahuatl">[ˈtékpatɬ]</a></span></td> <td>Flint<br />Flint Knife</td> <td>North </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quiahuitl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Quiahuitl.jpg/41px-Quiahuitl.jpg" decoding="async" width="41" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Quiahuitl.jpg/61px-Quiahuitl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Quiahuitl.jpg/82px-Quiahuitl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="321" /></a></span></td> <td><span lang="nci"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quiyahuitl#Classical_Nahuatl" class="extiw" title="wikt:quiyahuitl">Quiyahuitl</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nah-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nahuatl" title="Help:IPA/Nahuatl">[kiˈjáwitɬ]</a></span></td> <td>Rain</td> <td>West </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Xochitl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Xochitl.jpg/38px-Xochitl.jpg" decoding="async" width="38" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Xochitl.jpg/57px-Xochitl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Xochitl.jpg/76px-Xochitl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="273" data-file-height="359" /></a></span></td> <td><span lang="nci"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/xochitl#Classical_Nahuatl" class="extiw" title="wikt:xochitl">Xōchitl</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nah-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nahuatl" title="Help:IPA/Nahuatl">[ˈʃoːtʃitɬ]</a></span></td> <td>Flower</td> <td>South </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Wind and Rain are represented by images of their associated gods, <span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><span lang="nci" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Eh%C4%93catl" class="mw-redirect" title="Ehēcatl">Ehēcatl</a></span></span> and <span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><span lang="nci" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tl%C4%81loc" class="mw-redirect" title="Tlāloc">Tlāloc</a></span></span> respectively. </p><p>Other marks on the stone showed the current world, and the worlds before this one. Each world was called a sun, and each sun had its own species of inhabitants. The Aztecs believed that they were in the Fifth Sun, and like all of the suns before them, they would also eventually perish due to their own imperfections. Every 52 years was marked out due to the belief that 52 years was a life cycle and at the end of any given life cycle, the gods could take all they had, and destroy the world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trecenas"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Trecenas</i></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aztec_calendar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Trecenas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 260 days of the sacred calendar were grouped into twenty periods of 13 days each. Scholars usually refer to these thirteen-day "weeks" as <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Trecena" title="Trecena">trecenas</a></i></span>, using a <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> term derived from <i lang="es"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/trece#Spanish" class="extiw" title="wikt:trece">trece</a></i> "thirteen" (just as the Spanish term <i lang="es"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/docena#Spanish" class="extiw" title="wikt:docena">docena</a></i> "dozen" is derived from <i lang="es"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/doce#Spanish" class="extiw" title="wikt:doce">doce</a></i> "twelve"). The original <a href="/wiki/Classical_Nahuatl" title="Classical Nahuatl">Nahuatl</a> term was "in cencalli tonalli" (a family of days), according to Book IV of the <i>Florentine Codex</i>. </p><p>Each <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">trecena</i></span> is named according to the calendar date of the first day of the 13 days in that <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">trecena</i></span>. In addition, each of the twenty <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">trecenas</i></span> in the 260-day cycle had its own tutelary deity: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Trecena</i></span></th> <th>Deity</th> <th><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Trecena</i></span></th> <th>Deity </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 Crocodile</td> <td><span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><span lang="nci" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tonacatecuhtli" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonacatecuhtli">Tonacatecuhtli</a></span></span></td> <td>1 Monkey</td> <td><span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><span lang="nci" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Patecatl" title="Patecatl">Patecatl</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 Jaguar</td> <td><span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><span lang="nci" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Quetzalcoatl" class="mw-redirect" title="Quetzalcoatl">Quetzalcoatl</a></span></span></td> <td>1 Lizard</td> <td><span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><span lang="nci" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Itztlacoliuhqui" title="Itztlacoliuhqui">Itztlacoliuhqui</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 Deer</td> <td><span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><span lang="nci" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tep%C4%93y%C5%8Dll%C5%8Dtl" title="Tepēyōllōtl">Tepēyōllōtl</a></span></span></td> <td>1 Quake</td> <td><span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><span lang="nci" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tlaz%C5%8Dlte%C5%8Dtl" title="Tlazōlteōtl">Tlazōlteōtl</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 Flower</td> <td><span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><span lang="nci" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hu%C4%93huecoy%C5%8Dtl" title="Huēhuecoyōtl">Huēhuecoyōtl</a></span></span></td> <td>1 Dog</td> <td><span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><span lang="nci" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Xipe_Totec" title="Xipe Totec">Xīpe Totēc</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 Reed</td> <td><span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><span lang="nci" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chalchiuhtlicue" title="Chalchiuhtlicue">Chalchiuhtlicue</a></span></span></td> <td>1 House</td> <td><span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><span lang="nci" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/%C4%AAtzp%C4%81p%C4%81l%C5%8Dtl" title="Ītzpāpālōtl">Ītzpāpālōtl</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 Death</td> <td><span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><span lang="nci" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dnatiuh" title="Tōnatiuh">Tōnatiuh</a></span></span></td> <td>1 Vulture</td> <td><span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><span lang="nci" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Xolotl" title="Xolotl">Xolotl</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 Rain</td> <td><span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><span lang="nci" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tl%C4%81loc" class="mw-redirect" title="Tlāloc">Tlāloc</a></span></span></td> <td>1 Water</td> <td><span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><span lang="nci" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chalchiuhtotolin" title="Chalchiuhtotolin">Chalchiuhtotolin</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 Grass</td> <td><span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><span lang="nci" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mayahuel" title="Mayahuel">Mayahuel</a></span></span></td> <td>1 Wind</td> <td><span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><span lang="nci" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chantico" title="Chantico">Chantico</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 Snake</td> <td><span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><span lang="nci" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Xiuhtecuhtli" title="Xiuhtecuhtli">Xiuhtecuhtli</a></span></span></td> <td>1 Eagle</td> <td><span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><span lang="nci" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/X%C5%8Dchiquetzal" title="Xōchiquetzal">Xōchiquetzal</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 Flint</td> <td><span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><span lang="nci" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mictl%C4%81nt%C4%93cutli" title="Mictlāntēcutli">Mictlāntēcutli</a></span></span></td> <td>1 Rabbit</td> <td><span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><span lang="nci" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Xiuhtecuhtli" title="Xiuhtecuhtli">Xiuhtecuhtli</a></span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Xiuhpōhualli"><span id="Xiuhp.C5.8Dhualli"></span><span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><i lang="nci">Xiuhpōhualli</i></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aztec_calendar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Xiuhpōhualli"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In ancient times the year was composed of eighteen months, and thus it was observed by the native people. Since their months were made of no more than twenty days, these were all the days contained in a month, because they were not guided by the moon but by the days; therefore, the year had eighteen months. The days of the year were counted twenty by twenty.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><span title="Spanish-language text"><span lang="es" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diego_Dur%C3%A1n" title="Diego Durán">Diego Durán</a></span></span></cite></div></blockquote> <p><span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><i lang="nci"><a href="/wiki/Xiuhp%C5%8Dhualli" title="Xiuhpōhualli">Xiuhpōhualli</a></i></span> is the Aztec year (<i lang="nci"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/xihuitl#Classical_Nahuatl" class="extiw" title="wikt:xihuitl">xihuitl</a></i>) count (<i lang="nci"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pohualli#Classical_Nahuatl" class="extiw" title="wikt:pohualli">pōhualli</a></i>). One year consists of 360 named days and 5 nameless (<span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><i lang="nci"><a href="/wiki/N%C4%93mont%C4%93mi" title="Nēmontēmi">nēmontēmi</a></i></span>). These 'extra' days are thought to be unlucky. The year was broken into 18 periods of twenty days each, sometimes compared to the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian</a> month. The <a href="/wiki/Nahuatl_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahuatl language">Nahuatl</a> word for moon is <span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><i lang="nci">metztli</i></span> but whatever name was used for these periods is unknown. Through Spanish usage, the 20-day period of the Aztec calendar has become commonly known as a <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">veintena</i></span>. </p><p>Each 20-day period started on <span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><i lang="nci">Cipactli</i></span> (Crocodile) for which a festival was held. The eighteen <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">veintena</i></span> are listed below. The dates are from early eyewitnesses; each wrote what they saw. <span title="Spanish-language text"><span lang="es" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bernardino_de_Sahag%C3%BAn" title="Bernardino de Sahagún">Bernardino de Sahagún</a></span></span>'s date precedes the observations of <span title="Spanish-language text"><span lang="es" style="font-style: normal;">Diego Durán</span></span> by several decades and is before recent to the surrender. Both are shown to emphasize the fact that the beginning of the Native new year became non-uniform as a result of an absence of the unifying force of <span title="Spanish-language text"><span lang="es" style="font-style: normal;">Tenochtitlan</span></span> after the Mexica defeat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Veintenas_of_the_xiuhpōhualli"><span id="Veintenas_of_the_xiuhp.C5.8Dhualli"></span><i>Veintenas</i> of the <i>xiuhpōhualli</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aztec_calendar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Veintenas of the xiuhpōhualli"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"># </th> <th rowspan="2">Glyph </th> <th rowspan="2">Name </th> <th colspan="2" scope="colgroup"><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian</a> range </th> <th rowspan="2">Presiding deities </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Diego_Dur%C3%A1n" title="Diego Durán">Durán</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Bernardino_de_Sahag%C3%BAn" title="Bernardino de Sahagún">Sahagún</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>1</b> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MetzliAtlca.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/MetzliAtlca.jpg" decoding="async" width="44" height="43" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="43" /></a></span> </td> <td><i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/atl_cahualo" class="extiw" title="wikt:atl cahualo">ātl cāhualo</a></i> (“the water ceases”) <br /> <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cuahuitl_ehua" class="extiw" title="wikt:cuahuitl ehua">cuahuitl ēhua</a></i> (“the trees rise”) </td> <td>Mar 01–Mar 20 </td> <td>Feb 02–Feb 21 </td> <td>Water gods </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2</b> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MetzliTlaca.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/MetzliTlaca.jpg" decoding="async" width="36" height="43" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="43" /></a></span> </td> <td><i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tlacaxipehualiztli" class="extiw" title="wikt:tlacaxipehualiztli">tlācaxīpēhualiztli</a></i> (“flaying of men”) </td> <td>Mar 21–Apr 09 </td> <td>Feb 22–Mar 13 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xipe_Totec" title="Xipe Totec">Xipe Totec</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>3</b> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MetzliToz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/MetzliToz.jpg" decoding="async" width="26" height="43" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="26" data-file-height="43" /></a></span> </td> <td><i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tozoztontli" class="extiw" title="wikt:tozoztontli">tōzōztōntli</a></i> (“lesser vigil”) </td> <td>Apr 10–Apr 29 </td> <td>Mar 14–Apr 02 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tlaloc" class="mw-redirect" title="Tlaloc">Tlaloc</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>4</b> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MetzliToz2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/MetzliToz2.jpg" decoding="async" width="34" height="43" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="34" data-file-height="43" /></a></span> </td> <td><i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hueyi_tozoztli" class="extiw" title="wikt:hueyi tozoztli">huēyi tōzōztli</a></i> (“greater vigil”) </td> <td>Apr 30–May 19 </td> <td>Apr 03–Apr 22 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cinteotl" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinteotl">Cinteotl</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>5</b> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MeztliToxcatl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/MeztliToxcatl.jpg" decoding="async" width="29" height="43" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="29" data-file-height="43" /></a></span> </td> <td><i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/toxcatl" class="extiw" title="wikt:toxcatl">toxcatl</a></i> (“dryness”) </td> <td>May 20–Jun 08 </td> <td>Apr 23–May 12 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tezcatlipoca" title="Tezcatlipoca">Tezcatlipoca</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>6</b> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MeztliEtzal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/MeztliEtzal.jpg" decoding="async" width="35" height="43" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="35" data-file-height="43" /></a></span> </td> <td><i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/etzalcualiztli" class="extiw" title="wikt:etzalcualiztli">etzalcualiztli</a></i> (“eating of cooked maize and beans”) </td> <td>Jun 09–Jun 28 </td> <td>May 13–Jun 01 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tlaloque" class="mw-redirect" title="Tlaloque">Tlaloque</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>7</b> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MeztliTecu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/MeztliTecu.jpg" decoding="async" width="40" height="43" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="43" /></a></span> </td> <td><i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tecuilhuitontli" class="extiw" title="wikt:tecuilhuitontli">tēcuilhuitōntli</a></i> (“lesser feast day”) </td> <td>Jun 29–Jul 18 </td> <td>Jun 02–Jun 21 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Huixtocihuatl" title="Huixtocihuatl">Huixtocihuatl</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>8</b> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MeztliHTecu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/MeztliHTecu.jpg" decoding="async" width="39" height="43" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="39" data-file-height="43" /></a></span> </td> <td><i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hueyi_tecuilhuitontli" class="extiw" title="wikt:hueyi tecuilhuitontli">huēyi tēcuilhuitōntli</a></i> (“greater feast day”) </td> <td>Jul 19–Aug 07 </td> <td>Jun 22–Jul 11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chicomec%C5%8D%C4%81tl" title="Chicomecōātl">Xilonen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>9</b> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MeztliMicc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/MeztliMicc.jpg" decoding="async" width="43" height="43" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="43" /></a></span> </td> <td><i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tlaxochimaco" class="extiw" title="wikt:tlaxochimaco">tlaxōchimaco</a></i> (“giving of flowers”) <br /> <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/miccailhuitontli" class="extiw" title="wikt:miccailhuitontli">miccāilhuitōntli</a></i> (“lesser feast day of the dead”) </td> <td>Aug 08–Aug 27 </td> <td>Jul 12–Jul 31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Huitzilopochtli" class="mw-redirect" title="Huitzilopochtli">Huitzilopochtli</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>10</b> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MeztliMiccH.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/MeztliMiccH.jpg" decoding="async" width="43" height="43" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="43" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/xocotl_huetzi" class="extiw" title="wikt:xocotl huetzi">xocotl huetzi</a> (“the xocotl falls”) <br /> <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hueyi_miccailhuitl" class="extiw" title="wikt:hueyi miccailhuitl">huēyi miccāilhuitl</a></i> (“greater feast day of the dead”) </td> <td>Aug 28–Sep 16 </td> <td>Aug 01–Aug 20 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xiuhtecuhtli" title="Xiuhtecuhtli">Xiuhtecuhtli</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>11</b> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MeztliOch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/MeztliOch.jpg" decoding="async" width="41" height="43" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="41" data-file-height="43" /></a></span> </td> <td><i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ochp%C4%81niztli" class="extiw" title="wikt:ochpāniztli">ochpaniztli</a></i> (“sweeping”) </td> <td>Sep 17–Oct 06 </td> <td>Aug 21–Sep 09 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coatlicue" class="mw-redirect" title="Coatlicue">Teteo Innan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>12</b> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MeztliTeo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/MeztliTeo.jpg" decoding="async" width="37" height="43" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="37" data-file-height="43" /></a></span> </td> <td><i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/teotlehco" class="extiw" title="wikt:teotlehco">teōtlehco</a></i> (“the gods arrive”) </td> <td>Oct 07–Oct 26 </td> <td>Sep 10–Sep 29 </td> <td>All the gods </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>13</b> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MeztliTep.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/MeztliTep.jpg" decoding="async" width="41" height="43" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="41" data-file-height="43" /></a></span> </td> <td><i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tepeilhuitl" class="extiw" title="wikt:tepeilhuitl">tepēilhuitl</a></i> (“feast day of mountains”) </td> <td>Oct 27–Nov 15 </td> <td>Sep 30–Oct 19 </td> <td>Mountains </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>14</b> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MeztliQue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/MeztliQue.jpg" decoding="async" width="39" height="43" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="39" data-file-height="43" /></a></span> </td> <td><i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quecholli" class="extiw" title="wikt:quecholli">quechōlli</a></i> (“roseate spoonbill”) </td> <td>Nov 16–Dec 05 </td> <td>Oct 20–Nov 8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mixcoatl" title="Mixcoatl">Mixcoatl</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>15</b> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MeztliPanq.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/MeztliPanq.jpg" decoding="async" width="25" height="43" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="25" data-file-height="43" /></a></span> </td> <td><i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/panquetzaliztli" class="extiw" title="wikt:panquetzaliztli">panquetzaliztli</a></i> (“raising of banners”) </td> <td>Dec 06–Dec 25 </td> <td>Nov 09–Nov 28 </td> <td>Huitzilopochtli </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>16</b> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MetzliAtem.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/MetzliAtem.jpg" decoding="async" width="43" height="43" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="43" /></a></span> </td> <td><i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/atemoztli" class="extiw" title="wikt:atemoztli">ātemoztli</a></i> (“descent of water”) </td> <td>Dec 26–Jan 14 </td> <td>Nov 29–Dec 18 </td> <td>Rain gods </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>17</b> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MeztliTitl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/MeztliTitl.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="43" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="43" /></a></span> </td> <td><i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tititl" class="extiw" title="wikt:tititl">tititl</a></i> (“tightening,” “contraction”) </td> <td>Jan 15–Feb 03 </td> <td>Dec 19–Jan 07 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tonantzin" title="Tonantzin">Tonan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>18</b> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MeztliIzcalli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/MeztliIzcalli.jpg" decoding="async" width="34" height="43" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="34" data-file-height="43" /></a></span> </td> <td><i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/izcalli" class="extiw" title="wikt:izcalli">izcalli</a></i> (“offshoot,” “bud”) </td> <td>Feb 04–Feb 23 </td> <td>Jan 08–Jan 27 </td> <td>Xiuhtecuhtli </td></tr> <tr> <td>– </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MeztliNem.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/MeztliNem.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="43" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="43" /></a></span> </td> <td><i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nemontemi" class="extiw" title="wikt:nemontemi">nēmontēmi</a></i> (“they fill up in vain”);<br />Not a <i>veintena</i>, 5-day complementary period </td> <td>Feb 24–Feb 28 </td> <td>Jan 28–Feb 01 </td> <td><i>None</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Xiuhmolpilli">Xiuhmolpilli</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aztec_calendar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Xiuhmolpilli"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ancient <i>Mexicans</i> counted their years by means of four signs combined with thirteen numbers, thus obtaining periods of 52 years,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which are commonly known as <i>Xiuhmolpilli</i>, a popular but incorrect generic name; the most correct Nahuatl word for this cycle is <b>Xiuhnelpilli</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The table with the current years: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#c9f; align:center">Tlalpilli Tochtli </th> <th style="background:#c9f; align:center">Tlalpilli Acatl </th> <th style="background:#c9f; align:center">Tlalpilli Tecpatl </th> <th style="background:#c9f; align:center">Tlalpilli Calli </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 tochtli / 1974 </td> <td>1 acatl / 1987 </td> <td>1 tecpatl / 2000 </td> <td>1 calli / 2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 acatl / 1975 </td> <td>2 tecpatl / 1988 </td> <td>2 calli / 2001 </td> <td>2 tochtli / 2014 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 tecpatl / 1976 </td> <td>3 calli / 1989 </td> <td>3 tochtli / 2002 </td> <td>3 acatl / 2015 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 calli / 1977 </td> <td>4 tochtli / 1990 </td> <td>4 acatl / 2003 </td> <td>4 tecpatl / 2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 tochtli / 1978 </td> <td>5 acatl / 1991 </td> <td>5 tecpatl / 2004 </td> <td>5 calli / 2017 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 acatl / 1979 </td> <td>6 tecpatl / 1992 </td> <td>6 calli / 2005 </td> <td>6 tochtli / 2018 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 tecpatl / 1980 </td> <td>7 calli / 1993 </td> <td>7 tochtli / 2006 </td> <td>7 acatl / 2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 calli / 1981 </td> <td>8 tochtli / 1994 </td> <td>8 acatl / 2007 </td> <td>8 tecpatl / 2020 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 tochtli / 1982 </td> <td>9 acatl / 1995 </td> <td>9 tecpatl / 2008 </td> <td>9 calli / 2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 acatl / 1983 </td> <td>10 tecpatl / 1996 </td> <td>10 calli / 2009 </td> <td>10 tochtli / 2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 tecpatl / 1984 </td> <td>11 calli / 1997 </td> <td>11 tochtli / 2010 </td> <td>11 acatl / 2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 calli / 1985 </td> <td>12 tochtli / 1998 </td> <td>12 acatl / 2011 </td> <td>12 tecpatl / 2024 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 tochtli / 1986 </td> <td>13 acatl / 1999 </td> <td>13 tecpatl / 2012 </td> <td>13 calli / 2025 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reconstruction_of_the_Solar_calendar">Reconstruction of the Solar calendar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aztec_calendar&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Reconstruction of the Solar calendar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For many centuries scholars had tried to reconstruct the Calendar. A widely accepted version was proposed by Professor <span title="Spanish-language text"><span lang="es" style="font-style: normal;">Rafael Tena</span></span> of the <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Antropolog%C3%ADa_e_Historia" title="Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia">Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia</a></i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> based on the studies of <span title="Spanish-language text"><span lang="es" style="font-style: normal;">Sahagún</span></span> and <span title="Spanish-language text"><span lang="es" style="font-style: normal;">Alfonso Caso</span></span> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Autonomous_University_of_Mexico" title="National Autonomous University of Mexico">National Autonomous University of Mexico</a>. His correlation argues that the first day of the Mexica year was February 13 of the old <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a> or February 23 of the current <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a>. Using the same count, it has been the date of the birth of <span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><i lang="nci">Huitzilopochtli</i></span>, the end of the year and a cycle or "Tie of the Years", and the <a href="/wiki/New_Fire_Ceremony" class="mw-redirect" title="New Fire Ceremony">New Fire Ceremony</a>, day-sign <span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><i lang="nci">1 Tecpatl</i></span> of the year <span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><i lang="nci">2 Acatl</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> corresponding to the date <a href="/wiki/February_22" title="February 22">February 22</a>. A correlation by independent researcher Ruben Ochoa interprets pre-Columbian codices, to reconstruct the calendar, while ignoring most primary colonial sources that contradict this idea, using a method that proposes to connect the year count to the vernal equinox and placing the first day of the year on the first day after the equinox.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In this regard, José Genaro Emiliano Medina Ramos, a senior native nahua philosopher from <a href="/wiki/Calpan" title="Calpan">San Lucas Atzala</a> in the state of Puebla, proposes a multidisciplinary calendar reconstruction in náhuatl (‘centro de Puebla’ variant) according with his own nahua cosmosvision;<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and relying precisely on Ochoa's smart correlation and on Tena's presuppositions as well. His proposal was translated to Spanish and English, and codified as an academic webpage in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aztec_calendar&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_New_Year" title="Aztec New Year">Aztec New Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_calendar" title="Maya calendar">Maya calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_calendars" title="Mesoamerican calendars">Mesoamerican calendars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_calendar" title="Muisca calendar">Muisca calendar</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aztec_calendar&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHill_Boone2016" class="citation book cs1">Hill Boone, Elizabeth (2016). <i>Ciclos de tiempo y significado en los libros mexicanos del destino</i> [<i>Cycles of time and meaning in the Mexican books of destiny</i>]. <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>: Fondo de Cultura Económica. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9786071635020" title="Special:BookSources/9786071635020"><bdi>9786071635020</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ciclos+de+tiempo+y+significado+en+los+libros+mexicanos+del+destino&rft.place=Mexico+City&rft.pub=Fondo+de+Cultura+Econ%C3%B3mica&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9786071635020&rft.aulast=Hill+Boone&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAztec+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeuchat1918" class="citation book cs1">Beuchat, Henri (1918). <i>Manual de arqueología americana</i> [<i>Manual of American Archeology</i>]. <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>: Daniel Jorro. pp. 349–352.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manual+de+arqueolog%C3%ADa+americana&rft.place=Madrid&rft.pages=349-352&rft.pub=Daniel+Jorro&rft.date=1918&rft.aulast=Beuchat&rft.aufirst=Henri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAztec+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tena, 2008: 103. There he shows us a table.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tena, 2008:9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Mexica Calendar and the Chronography, Rafael Tena. INAH-CONACULTA. 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Crónica Mexicayotl, Fernando Alvarado Tezozomoc p 36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Azteca/Mexica Calendar Correlations: the Good, the Bad, and the Completely Useless, Itztli Ehecatl. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.calmecacanahuac.com/blog/calendar/aztecamexica-calendar-correlations-the-good-the-bad-and-the-completely-useless/">http://www.calmecacanahuac.com/blog/calendar/aztecamexica-calendar-correlations-the-good-the-bad-and-the-completely-useless/</a>. 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMedina_Ramos2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Medina Ramos, José Genaro Emiliano (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://filosofia.buap.mx/sites/default/files/Libros%20electr%C3%B3nicos/Antropolog%C3%ADa/calmecac%20dig.pdf"><i>CALMECAC Tradiciones y pensamiento del pueblo de San Lucas Atzala</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Spanish) (Digital ed.). Puebla, México: BUAP.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CALMECAC+Tradiciones+y+pensamiento+del+pueblo+de+San+Lucas+Atzala&rft.place=Puebla%2C+M%C3%A9xico&rft.edition=Digital&rft.pub=BUAP&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Medina+Ramos&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Genaro+Emiliano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffilosofia.buap.mx%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FLibros%2520electr%25C3%25B3nicos%2FAntropolog%25C3%25ADa%2Fcalmecac%2520dig.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAztec+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFphk2023" class="citation web cs1">phk, phk (2023-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/view/tonalamatlahtolcuepalli/">"tonalamatlahtolcuepalli: tlahtolcuepalli itech tonalamatl gregoriano itech mexihca tonalamatl / Convertidor calendario gregoriano -> sistema calendárico mexica / Gregorian calendar -> mexica calendrical system converter"</a>. <i>tonalamatlahtolcuepalli</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tonalamatlahtolcuepalli&rft.atitle=tonalamatlahtolcuepalli%3A+tlahtolcuepalli+itech+tonalamatl+gregoriano+itech+mexihca+tonalamatl+%2F+Convertidor+calendario+gregoriano+-%3E+sistema+calend%C3%A1rico+mexica+%2F+Gregorian+calendar+-%3E+mexica+calendrical+system+converter&rft.date=2023-01-01&rft.aulast=phk&rft.aufirst=phk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.google.com%2Fview%2Ftonalamatlahtolcuepalli%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAztec+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aztec_calendar&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAguilar-Moreno,_Manueln.d." class="citation web cs1">Aguilar-Moreno, Manuel (n.d.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080625221516/http://www.famsi.org/research/aguilar/Aztec_Art_Bib.pdf">"Aztec Art"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Aztec Art and Architecture</i>. Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies, Inc. (FAMSI). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.famsi.org/research/aguilar/Aztec_Art_Bib.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2008-06-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-05-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aztec+Art+and+Architecture&rft.atitle=Aztec+Art&rft.au=Aguilar-Moreno%2C+Manuel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.famsi.org%2Fresearch%2Faguilar%2FAztec_Art_Bib.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAztec+calendar" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: year (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_year" title="Category:CS1 maint: year">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrews,_J._Richard2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Richard_Andrews&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. Richard Andrews (page does not exist)">Andrews, J. Richard</a> (2003). <i>Introduction to Classical Nahuatl</i> (revised ed.). Norman: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oklahoma_Press" title="University of Oklahoma Press">University of Oklahoma Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8061-3452-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8061-3452-6"><bdi>0-8061-3452-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/50090230">50090230</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Classical+Nahuatl&rft.place=Norman&rft.edition=revised&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F50090230&rft.isbn=0-8061-3452-6&rft.au=Andrews%2C+J.+Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAztec+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAveni,_Anthony_F.2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Aveni" title="Anthony Aveni">Aveni, Anthony F.</a> (2000). <i>Empires of Time: Calendars, Clocks, and Cultures</i> (reprint of 1990 original ed.). London: <a href="/wiki/Tauris_Parke" class="mw-redirect" title="Tauris Parke">Tauris Parke</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86064-602-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-86064-602-6"><bdi>1-86064-602-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/45144264">45144264</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empires+of+Time%3A+Calendars%2C+Clocks%2C+and+Cultures&rft.place=London&rft.edition=reprint+of+1990+original&rft.pub=Tauris+Parke&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F45144264&rft.isbn=1-86064-602-6&rft.au=Aveni%2C+Anthony+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAztec+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoone,_Elizabeth_Hill1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Hill_Boone" title="Elizabeth Hill Boone">Boone, Elizabeth Hill</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927000719/http://www.doaks.org/Native/trad07.pdf">"Pictorial Documents and Visual Thinking in Postconquest Mexico"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In Elizabeth Hill Boone; Tom Cubbins (eds.). <i>Native Traditions in the Postconquest World, A Symposium at Dumbarton Oaks 2nd through 4th October 1992</i>. Washington D.C.: <a href="/wiki/Dumbarton_Oaks_Research_Library_and_Collection" class="mw-redirect" title="Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection">Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection</a>. pp. 149–199. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88402-239-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-88402-239-0"><bdi>0-88402-239-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/34354931">34354931</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doaks.org/Native/trad07.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(<a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a> Reprint)</span> on 2007-09-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pictorial+Documents+and+Visual+Thinking+in+Postconquest+Mexico&rft.btitle=Native+Traditions+in+the+Postconquest+World%2C+A+Symposium+at+Dumbarton+Oaks+2nd+through+4th+October+1992&rft.place=Washington+D.C.&rft.pages=149-199&rft.pub=Dumbarton+Oaks+Research+Library+and+Collection&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F34354931&rft.isbn=0-88402-239-0&rft.au=Boone%2C+Elizabeth+Hill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doaks.org%2FNative%2Ftrad07.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAztec+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoone,_Elizabeth_Hill2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Hill_Boone" title="Elizabeth Hill Boone">Boone, Elizabeth Hill</a> (2000). <i>Stories in Red and Black: Pictorial Histories of the Aztec and Mixtec</i>. Austin: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_Press" title="University of Texas Press">University of Texas Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-292-70876-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-292-70876-9"><bdi>0-292-70876-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/40939882">40939882</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stories+in+Red+and+Black%3A+Pictorial+Histories+of+the+Aztec+and+Mixtec&rft.place=Austin&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F40939882&rft.isbn=0-292-70876-9&rft.au=Boone%2C+Elizabeth+Hill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAztec+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoone,_Elizabeth_Hill2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Hill_Boone" title="Elizabeth Hill Boone">Boone, Elizabeth Hill</a> (2007). <i>Cycles of Time and Meaning in the Mexican Books of Fate</i>. Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long series in Latin American and Latino art and culture. Austin: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_Press" title="University of Texas Press">University of Texas Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-292-71263-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-292-71263-8"><bdi>978-0-292-71263-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/71632174">71632174</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cycles+of+Time+and+Meaning+in+the+Mexican+Books+of+Fate&rft.place=Austin&rft.series=Joe+R.+and+Teresa+Lozano+Long+series+in+Latin+American+and+Latino+art+and+culture&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F71632174&rft.isbn=978-0-292-71263-8&rft.au=Boone%2C+Elizabeth+Hill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAztec+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClavigero,_Francesco_Saverio1807" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Javier_Clavijero" title="Francisco Javier Clavijero">Clavigero, Francesco Saverio</a> (1807) [1787]. <i>The history of Mexico. Collected from Spanish and Mexican historians, from manuscripts, and ancient paintings of the Indians. Illustrated by charts, and other copper plates. To which are added, critical dissertations on the land, the animals, and inhabitants of Mexico, 2 vols</i>. Translated from the original Italian, by Charles Cullen, Esq. (2nd ed.). London: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Johnson_(publisher)" title="Joseph Johnson (publisher)">J. Johnson</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/54014738">54014738</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+history+of+Mexico.+Collected+from+Spanish+and+Mexican+historians%2C+from+manuscripts%2C+and+ancient+paintings+of+the+Indians.+Illustrated+by+charts%2C+and+other+copper+plates.+To+which+are+added%2C+critical+dissertations+on+the+land%2C+the+animals%2C+and+inhabitants+of+Mexico%2C+2+vols.&rft.place=London&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=J.+Johnson&rft.date=1807&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F54014738&rft.au=Clavigero%2C+Francesco+Saverio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAztec+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoe,_Michael_D.1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_D._Coe" title="Michael D. Coe">Coe, Michael D.</a> (1994) [1962]. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mexicofromolmecs00coem"><i>Mexico: from the Olmecs to the Aztecs</i></a></span> (4th, Revised and Enlarged ed.). London and New York: <a href="/wiki/Thames_%26_Hudson" title="Thames & Hudson">Thames & Hudson</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-500-27722-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-500-27722-2"><bdi>0-500-27722-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/29708907">29708907</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mexico%3A+from+the+Olmecs+to+the+Aztecs&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.edition=4th%2C+Revised+and+Enlarged&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F29708907&rft.isbn=0-500-27722-2&rft.au=Coe%2C+Michael+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmexicofromolmecs00coem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAztec+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHassig,_Ross2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ross_Hassig" title="Ross Hassig">Hassig, Ross</a> (2001). <i>Time, History, and Belief in Aztec and Colonial Mexico</i>. Austin: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_Press" title="University of Texas Press">University of Texas Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-292-73139-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-292-73139-6"><bdi>0-292-73139-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/44167649">44167649</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Time%2C+History%2C+and+Belief+in+Aztec+and+Colonial+Mexico&rft.place=Austin&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F44167649&rft.isbn=0-292-73139-6&rft.au=Hassig%2C+Ross&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAztec+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHernández_de_León-Portilla,_Ascención2004" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hernández de León-Portilla, Ascención (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080515150042/http://www.arqueomex.com/S2N3nLENGUA70.html">"Lenguas y escrituras mesoamericanas"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Arqueolog%C3%ADa_Mexicana" title="Arqueología Mexicana">Arqueología Mexicana</a></i> (in Spanish). <b>12</b> (70). México, D.F.: <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Antropolog%C3%ADa_e_Historia" title="Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia">Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia</a>, Editorial Raíces: 20–25. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0188-8218">0188-8218</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arqueomex.com/S2N3nLENGUA70.html">the original</a> on 15 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-05-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arqueolog%C3%ADa+Mexicana&rft.atitle=Lenguas+y+escrituras+mesoamericanas&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=70&rft.pages=20-25&rft.date=2004&rft.issn=0188-8218&rft.au=Hern%C3%A1ndez+de+Le%C3%B3n-Portilla%2C+Ascenci%C3%B3n&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farqueomex.com%2FS2N3nLENGUA70.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAztec+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlein,_Cecelia_F.2002" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Klein, Cecelia F. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060103090214/http://www.arqueomex.com/S8N4ICONKlein55.pdf">"La iconografía y el arte mesoamericano"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Arqueolog%C3%ADa_Mexicana" title="Arqueología Mexicana">Arqueología Mexicana</a></i> (in Spanish). <b>10</b> (55). México, D.F.: <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Antropolog%C3%ADa_e_Historia" title="Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia">Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia</a>, Editorial Raíces: 28–35. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0188-8218">0188-8218</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arqueomex.com/S8N4ICONKlein55.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2006-01-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arqueolog%C3%ADa+Mexicana&rft.atitle=La+iconograf%C3%ADa+y+el+arte+mesoamericano&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=55&rft.pages=28-35&rft.date=2002&rft.issn=0188-8218&rft.au=Klein%2C+Cecelia+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farqueomex.com%2FS8N4ICONKlein55.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAztec+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeón-Portilla,_Miguel1963" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Le%C3%B3n-Portilla" title="Miguel León-Portilla">León-Portilla, Miguel</a> (1963). <i>Aztec Thought and Culture: A Study of the Ancient Náhuatl Mind</i>. Civilization of the American Indian series, no. 67. Jack Emory Davis (trans.). Norman: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oklahoma_Press" title="University of Oklahoma Press">University of Oklahoma Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/181727">181727</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aztec+Thought+and+Culture%3A+A+Study+of+the+Ancient+N%C3%A1huatl+Mind&rft.place=Norman&rft.series=Civilization+of+the+American+Indian+series%2C+no.+67&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=1963&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F181727&rft.au=Le%C3%B3n-Portilla%2C+Miguel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAztec+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalmström,_Vincent_H.1973" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vincent_H._Malmstr%C3%B6m&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vincent H. Malmström (page does not exist)">Malmström, Vincent H.</a> (1973-09-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dartmouth.edu/~izapa/M-1.pdf">"Origin of the Mesoamerican 260-Day Calendar"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(<a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a> Reprinted)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i>. <b>181</b> (4103). Lancaster, PA: <a href="/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science">American Association for the Advancement of Science</a>: 939–941. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1973Sci...181..939M">1973Sci...181..939M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.181.4103.939">10.1126/science.181.4103.939</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17835843">17835843</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41562003">41562003</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080528152046/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~izapa/M-1.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 28 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-05-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Origin+of+the+Mesoamerican+260-Day+Calendar&rft.volume=181&rft.issue=4103&rft.pages=939-941&rft.date=1973-09-17&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.181.4103.939&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A41562003%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17835843&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1973Sci...181..939M&rft.au=Malmstr%C3%B6m%2C+Vincent+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dartmouth.edu%2F~izapa%2FM-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAztec+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMedina,_Genaro" class="citation book cs1">Medina, Genaro. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://filosofia.buap.mx/sites/default/files/Libros%20electr%C3%B3nicos/Antropolog%C3%ADa/calmecac%20dig.pdf"><i>CALMECAC Tradiciones y pensamiento del pueblo de San Lucas Atzala</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. México: <a href="/wiki/Meritorious_Autonomous_University_of_Puebla" title="Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla">Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CALMECAC+Tradiciones+y+pensamiento+del+pueblo+de+San+Lucas+Atzala&rft.place=M%C3%A9xico&rft.pub=Meritorious+Autonomous+University+of+Puebla&rft.au=Medina%2C+Genaro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffilosofia.buap.mx%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FLibros%2520electr%25C3%25B3nicos%2FAntropolog%25C3%25ADa%2Fcalmecac%2520dig.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAztec+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller,_MaryKarl_Taube1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Miller_(art_historian)" title="Mary Miller (art historian)">Miller, Mary</a>; <a href="/wiki/Karl_Taube" title="Karl Taube">Karl Taube</a> (1993). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/godssymbolsofa00mill"><i>The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya: An Illustrated Dictionary of Mesoamerican Religion</i></a></span>. London: <a href="/wiki/Thames_%26_Hudson" title="Thames & Hudson">Thames & Hudson</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-500-05068-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-500-05068-6"><bdi>0-500-05068-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/27667317">27667317</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gods+and+Symbols+of+Ancient+Mexico+and+the+Maya%3A+An+Illustrated+Dictionary+of+Mesoamerican+Religion&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F27667317&rft.isbn=0-500-05068-6&rft.au=Miller%2C+Mary&rft.au=Karl+Taube&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgodssymbolsofa00mill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAztec+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrem,_Hanns_J.2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanns_J._Prem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hanns J. Prem (page does not exist)">Prem, Hanns J.</a> (2008). <i>Manual de la antigua cronología Mexicana</i>. Mexico: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Centro_de_Investigaciones_y_Estudios_Superiores_en_Antropolog%C3%ADa_Social&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social (page does not exist)">Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-968-496-694-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-968-496-694-9"><bdi>978-968-496-694-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manual+de+la+antigua+cronolog%C3%ADa+Mexicana&rft.place=Mexico&rft.pub=Centro+de+Investigaciones+y+Estudios+Superiores+en+Antropolog%C3%ADa+Social&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-968-496-694-9&rft.au=Prem%2C+Hanns+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAztec+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRead,_Kay_Almere1998" class="citation book cs1">Read, Kay Almere (1998). <i>Time and Sacrifice in the Aztec Cosmos</i>. Bloomington: <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Press" title="Indiana University Press">Indiana University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-33400-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-33400-4"><bdi>0-253-33400-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/37909790">37909790</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Time+and+Sacrifice+in+the+Aztec+Cosmos&rft.place=Bloomington&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F37909790&rft.isbn=0-253-33400-4&rft.au=Read%2C+Kay+Almere&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAztec+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSahagún,_Bernardino_de1950–82" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-year-range-abbreviated"><a href="/wiki/Bernardino_de_Sahag%C3%BAn" title="Bernardino de Sahagún">Sahagún, Bernardino de</a> (1950–82) [ca. 1540–85]. <i><a href="/wiki/Florentine_Codex" title="Florentine Codex">Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain</a>, 13 vols. in 12</i>. vols. I-XII. <a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Dibble" title="Charles E. Dibble">Charles E. Dibble</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_J._O._Anderson" title="Arthur J. O. Anderson">Arthur J.O. Anderson</a> (eds., trans., notes and illus.) (translation of <i>Historia General de las Cosas de la Nueva España</i> ed.). Santa Fe, NM and Salt Lake City: <a href="/wiki/School_of_American_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="School of American Research">School of American Research</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Utah_Press" title="University of Utah Press">University of Utah Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87480-082-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87480-082-X"><bdi>0-87480-082-X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/276351">276351</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Florentine+Codex%3A+General+History+of+the+Things+of+New+Spain%2C+13+vols.+in+12&rft.place=Santa+Fe%2C+NM+and+Salt+Lake+City&rft.series=vols.+I-XII&rft.edition=translation+of+%27%27Historia+General+de+las+Cosas+de+la+Nueva+Espa%C3%B1a%27%27&rft.pub=School+of+American+Research+and+the+University+of+Utah+Press&rft.date=1950%2F1982&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F276351&rft.isbn=0-87480-082-X&rft.au=Sahag%C3%BAn%2C+Bernardino+de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAztec+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith,_Michael_E.2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_E._Smith_(archaeologist)" title="Michael E. Smith (archaeologist)">Smith, Michael E.</a> (2003). <i>The Aztecs</i> (2nd ed.). Malden, MA: <a href="/wiki/Blackwell_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackwell Publishing">Blackwell Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-631-23015-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-631-23015-7"><bdi>0-631-23015-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/48579073">48579073</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Aztecs&rft.place=Malden%2C+MA&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F48579073&rft.isbn=0-631-23015-7&rft.au=Smith%2C+Michael+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAztec+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTena,_Rafael2008" class="citation book cs1">Tena, Rafael (2008). <i>El calendario mexica y la cronografía</i>. Mexico: <a href="/wiki/INAH" class="mw-redirect" title="INAH">INAH</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-968-03-0293-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-968-03-0293-2"><bdi>978-968-03-0293-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=El+calendario+mexica+y+la+cronograf%C3%ADa&rft.place=Mexico&rft.pub=INAH&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-968-03-0293-2&rft.au=Tena%2C+Rafael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAztec+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTownsend,_Richard_F.2000" class="citation book cs1">Townsend, Richard F. (2000). <i>The Aztecs</i> (Revised 2nd ed.). London: <a href="/wiki/Thames_%26_Hudson" title="Thames & Hudson">Thames & Hudson</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-500-28132-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-500-28132-7"><bdi>0-500-28132-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/43337963">43337963</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Aztecs&rft.place=London&rft.edition=Revised+2nd&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F43337963&rft.isbn=0-500-28132-7&rft.au=Townsend%2C+Richard+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAztec+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWimmer,_Alexis2006" class="citation web cs1">Wimmer, Alexis (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sites.estvideo.net/malinal/nahuatl.page.html">"Dictionnaire de la langue nahuatl classique"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(online version, incorporating reproductions from <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Dictionnaire de la langue nahuatl ou mexicaine</i></span> [1885], by <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9mi_Sim%C3%A9on" title="Rémi Siméon">Rémi Siméon</a>)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+de+la+langue+nahuatl+classique&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Wimmer%2C+Alexis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsites.estvideo.net%2Fmalinal%2Fnahuatl.page.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAztec+calendar" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="languageicon">(in French and Nahuatl languages)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZantwijk,_Rudolph_van1985" class="citation book cs1">Zantwijk, Rudolph van (1985). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/aztecarrangement0000zant"><i>The Aztec Arrangement: The Social History of Pre-Spanish Mexico</i></a></span>. Norman: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oklahoma_Press" title="University of Oklahoma Press">University of Oklahoma Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8061-1677-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8061-1677-3"><bdi>0-8061-1677-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/11261299">11261299</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Aztec+Arrangement%3A+The+Social+History+of+Pre-Spanish+Mexico&rft.place=Norman&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F11261299&rft.isbn=0-8061-1677-3&rft.au=Zantwijk%2C+Rudolph+van&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Faztecarrangement0000zant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAztec+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Calendars" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Calendars" title="Template:Calendars"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Calendars" title="Template talk:Calendars"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Calendars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Calendars"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Calendars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Calendar" title="Calendar">Calendars</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">Lunar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunisolar_calendar" title="Lunisolar calendar">Lunisolar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_calendar" title="Solar calendar">Solar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In wide use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_year_numbering" title="Astronomical year numbering">Astronomical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Lunar Hijri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Hijri_calendar" title="Solar Hijri calendar">Solar Hijri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_week_date" title="ISO week date">ISO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unix_time" title="Unix time">Unix time</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">In more<br />limited use</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akan_calendar" title="Akan calendar">Akan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_calendar" title="Assamese calendar">Assamese (Bhāshkarābda)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_calendar" title="Baháʼí calendar">Baháʼí</a> <ul><li>Badí‘</li></ul></li> <li>Bali <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pawukon_calendar" title="Pawukon calendar">Pawukon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Saka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendars" title="Bengali calendars">Bengali</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladeshi calendar">Bangladeshi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borana_calendar" title="Borana calendar">Borana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earthly_Branches" title="Earthly Branches">Earthly Branches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavenly_Stems" title="Heavenly Stems">Heavenly Stems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_calendar" title="Republic of China calendar">Minguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_term" title="Solar term">Solar term</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathen_holidays" title="Heathen holidays">Germanic heathen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_calendar" title="Georgian calendar">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Saka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_calendar" title="Hmong calendar">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jalali_calendar" title="Jalali calendar">Jalali</a> <ul><li>medieval</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_calendar" title="Zoroastrian calendar">Zoroastrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_calendar" title="Irish calendar">Irish</a> <ul><li>Gaelic</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fasli_calendar" title="Fasli calendar">Fasli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabular_Islamic_calendar" title="Tabular Islamic calendar">Tabular</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vira_Nirvana_Samvat" title="Vira Nirvana Samvat">Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juche_calendar" title="Juche calendar">Juche</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_calendar" title="Kurdish calendar">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_calendar" title="Lithuanian calendar">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_Panchang" title="Tirhuta Panchang">Maithili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_calendar" title="Malayalam calendar">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_calendar" title="Mandaean calendar">Mandaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_calendar" title="Meitei calendar">Manipuri (Meitei)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanau_calendar" title="Melanau calendar">Melanau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_calendar" title="Mongolian calendar">Mongolian</a></li> <li>Nepal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_Sambat" title="Nepal Sambat">Nepal Sambat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yele_Sambat" title="Yele Sambat">Yele Sambat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisga%27a#Nisga’a_calendar/life" title="Nisga'a">Nisg̱a'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_calendar" title="Odia calendar">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_calendar" title="Punjabi calendar">Punjabi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_calendar" title="Romanian calendar">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shona_calendar" title="Shona calendar">Shona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_calendar" title="Somali calendar">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotho_calendar" title="Sotho calendar">Sesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_calendar" title="Slavic calendar">Slavic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_Native_Faith%27s_calendars_and_holidays" title="Slavic Native Faith's calendars and holidays">Slavic Native Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_months" title="Macedonian months">Macedonian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_calendar" title="Tamil calendar">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_calendar" title="Thai calendar">Thai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thai_lunar_calendar" title="Thai lunar calendar">lunar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">solar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripuri_calendar" title="Tripuri calendar">Tripuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulu_calendar" title="Tulu calendar">Tulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_calendar" title="Vietnamese calendar">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel_of_the_Year" title="Wheel of the Year">Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xhosa_calendar" title="Xhosa calendar">Xhosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_calendar" title="Yoruba calendar">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulu_calendar" title="Zulu calendar">Zulu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Runic_calendar" title="Runic calendar">Runic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_calendars" title="Mesoamerican calendars">Mesoamerican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_Long_Count_calendar" title="Mesoamerican Long Count calendar">Long Count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_round" class="mw-redirect" title="Calendar round">Calendar round</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Christian variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian and Eritrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revised_Julian_calendar" title="Revised Julian calendar">Revised</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year" title="Liturgical year">Liturgical year</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_liturgical_calendar" title="Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar">Eastern Orthodox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Saints</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Islamic_Arabian_calendar" title="Pre-Islamic Arabian calendar">Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_calendar" title="Attic calendar">Attic</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aztec</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dnalp%C5%8Dhualli" title="Tōnalpōhualli">Tōnalpōhualli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiuhp%C5%8Dhualli" title="Xiuhpōhualli">Xiuhpōhualli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_calendar" title="Babylonian calendar">Babylonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgar_calendar" title="Bulgar calendar">Bulgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_calendar" title="Cappadocian calendar">Cappadocian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_calendar" title="Celtic calendar">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_calendar" title="Cham calendar">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chula_Sakarat" title="Chula Sakarat">Culāsakaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coligny_calendar" title="Coligny calendar">Coligny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_calendar" title="Egyptian calendar">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch_calendar" title="Enoch calendar">Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florentine_calendar" title="Florentine calendar">Florentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Republican_calendar" title="French Republican calendar">French Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic calendar">Germanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_calendars" title="Ancient Greek calendars">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Inca calendar">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonian_calendar" title="Ancient Macedonian calendar">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_calendar" title="Maya calendar">Maya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haab%CA%BC" title="Haabʼ">Haabʼ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzolk%CA%BCin" title="Tzolkʼin">Tzolkʼin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_calendar" title="Muisca calendar">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecontad_calendar" title="Pentecontad calendar">Pentecontad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisan_calendar" title="Pisan calendar">Pisan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qumran_calendrical_texts" title="Qumran calendrical texts">Qumran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_calendar" title="Rapa Nui calendar">Rapa Nui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_calendar" title="Roman calendar">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumi_calendar" title="Rumi calendar"><i>Rumi</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">Sexagenary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_calendar" title="Soviet calendar">Soviet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_calendar" title="Swedish calendar">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_renaming_of_Turkmen_months_and_days_of_week" title="2002 renaming of Turkmen months and days of week">Turkmen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By specialty</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene</a> <ul><li>anthropological</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proleptic_Gregorian_calendar" title="Proleptic Gregorian calendar">Proleptic Gregorian</a> / <a href="/wiki/Proleptic_Julian_calendar" title="Proleptic Julian calendar">Proleptic Julian</a> <ul><li>historiographical</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darian_calendar" title="Darian calendar">Darian</a> <ul><li>Martian</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreamspell" title="Dreamspell">Dreamspell</a> <ul><li>New Age</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Pataphysics#Pataphysical_calendar" title="'Pataphysics">'Pataphysical</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calendar_reform" title="Calendar reform">Reform proposals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanke%E2%80%93Henry_Permanent_Calendar" title="Hanke–Henry Permanent Calendar">Hanke–Henry Permanent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Fixed_Calendar" title="International Fixed Calendar">International Fixed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Calendar" title="Pax Calendar">Pax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positivist_calendar" title="Positivist calendar">Positivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symmetry454" title="Symmetry454">Symmetry454</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Calendar" title="World Calendar">World</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Displays and<br />applications</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendaring_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Calendaring software">Electronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_calendar" title="Perpetual calendar">Perpetual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_(stationery)" title="Calendar (stationery)">Wall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Year naming<br />and numbering</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoch" title="Epoch">Epoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leap_year" title="Leap year">Leap year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Year" title="New Year">New Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_name" title="Regnal name">Regnal name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_year" title="Regnal year">Regnal year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Year_zero" title="Year zero">Year zero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anka_year" title="Anka year">Anka year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a>/<a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anno_Lucis" title="Anno Lucis">Anno Lucis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Era_of_the_Martyrs" title="Era of the Martyrs">Anno Martyrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anno_Mundi" title="Anno Mundi">Anno Mundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eponym_dating_system" title="Eponym dating system">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Before_Present" title="Before Present">Before Present</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_era_name" title="Chinese era name">Chinese Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_calendar" title="Republic of China calendar">Chinese Minguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">English and British regnal year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hijri_year" title="Hijri year">Hijri year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Human (Holocene)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_era_name" title="Japanese era name">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_era_name" title="Korean era name">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirayana_system" title="Nirayana system">Nirayana system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_era" title="Seleucid era">Seleucid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_era" title="Spanish era">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuga" title="Yuga">Yugas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Yuga" title="Satya Yuga">Satya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treta_Yuga" title="Treta Yuga">Treta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvapara_Yuga" title="Dvapara Yuga">Dvapara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_era_name" title="Vietnamese era name">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fictional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discworld_(world)#Calendar" title="Discworld (world)">Discworld</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Discworld" title="Discworld">Discworld</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flanaess#Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Flanaess">Greyhawk</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Dungeons_%26_Dragons" title="Dungeons & Dragons">Dungeons & Dragons</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle-earth calendar">Middle-earth</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stardate" title="Stardate">Stardate</a> 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