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<li id="toc-Presidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Presidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Software</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Advocacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advocacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Advocacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advocacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Online_database:_WorldCat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Online_database:_WorldCat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Online database: WorldCat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Online_database:_WorldCat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Identifiers_and_linked_data" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Identifiers_and_linked_data"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Identifiers and linked data</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Identifiers_and_linked_data-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Company_acquisitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Company_acquisitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Company acquisitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Company_acquisitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">OCLC</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 69 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-69" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">69 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="OCLC" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA" title="مركز المكتبة الرقمية على الإنترنت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مركز المكتبة الرقمية على الإنترنت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Online Computer Library Center" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Online Computer Library Center" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="OCLC" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="অনলাইন কম্পিউটার লাইব্রেরি সেন্টার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অনলাইন কম্পিউটার লাইব্রেরি সেন্টার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B2a%E2%81%BF-t%C3%A9ng_Ti%C4%81n-n%C3%A1u_T%C3%B4%CD%98-su-ko%C3%A1n_Tiong-sim" title="Sòaⁿ-téng Tiān-náu Tô͘-su-koán Tiong-sim – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sòaⁿ-téng Tiān-náu Tô͘-su-koán Tiong-sim" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Онлайн компютърен библиотечен център – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Онлайн компютърен библиотечен център" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="OCLC" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="OCLC" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Online Computer Library Center" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Online Computer Library Center" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="OCLC" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="OCLC" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="OCLC" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="OCLC" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="OCLC" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reta_Komputila_Biblioteka_Centro" title="Reta Komputila Biblioteka Centro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Reta Komputila Biblioteka Centro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Online Computer Library Center" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B2_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87" title="مرکز کتابخانه رایانه‌ای پیوسته – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مرکز کتابخانه رایانه‌ای پیوسته" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Online Computer Library Center" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Online Computer Library Center" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%93.%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%80.%E0%AA%8F%E0%AA%B2.%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%80" title="ઓ.સી.એલ.સી – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઓ.સી.એલ.સી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A8%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B8_%EC%BB%B4%ED%93%A8%ED%84%B0_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C%EA%B4%80_%EC%84%BC%ED%84%B0" title="온라인 컴퓨터 도서관 센터 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="온라인 컴퓨터 도서관 센터" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="OCLC" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="ऑनलाइन कंप्यूटर लाइब्रेरी सेंटर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऑनलाइन कंप्यूटर लाइब्रेरी सेंटर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Online Computer Library Center" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="OCLC" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Online Computer Library Center" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Online Computer Library Center" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="Online Computer Library Center" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="OCLC" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Online Computer Library Center" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="OCLC" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="OCLC" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="OCLC" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="OCLC" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="OCLC" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%92.%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF.%E0%B4%8E%E0%B5%BD.%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF." title="ഒ.സി.എൽ.സി. – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഒ.സി.എൽ.സി." data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA" title="مركز المكتبه الرقميه على الانترنت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مركز المكتبه الرقميه على الانترنت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Online Computer Library Center" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Online Computer Library Center" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Online Computer Library Center" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Online Computer Library Center" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Online Computer Library Center" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%90%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80" title="ਓਸੀਐੱਲਸੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਓਸੀਐੱਲਸੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Online Computer Library Center" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Online Computer Library Center" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="OCLC" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Online Computer Library Center" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="OCLC" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="OCLC" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88_%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="او سي ايل سي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="او سي ايل سي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Online Computer Library Center" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Online Computer Library Center" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="OCLC" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="OCLC" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="OCLC" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="OCLC" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Online Computer Library Center" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="OCLC" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="இணையக் கணினி நூலக மையம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இணையக் கணினி நூலக மையம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C" title="ศูนย์หอสมุดคอมพิวเตอร์ออนไลน์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ศูนย์หอสมุดคอมพิวเตอร์ออนไลน์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="OCLC" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Online Computer Library Center" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88_%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="او سی ایل سی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="او سی ایل سی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Online Computer Library Center" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%94%E6%9C%BA%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="联机计算机图书馆中心 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="联机计算机图书馆中心" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%94%E6%9C%BA%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="联机计算机图书馆中心 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="联机计算机图书馆中心" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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.geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=OCLC&params=40.1025_N_83.1269_W_region:US-OH_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°06′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">83°07′37″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.1025°N 83.1269°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.1025; -83.1269</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC_(identifier)&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC (identifier)</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Global library cooperative (1967–)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">OCLC, Inc.</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OCLC_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/OCLC_logo.svg/180px-OCLC_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/OCLC_logo.svg/270px-OCLC_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/OCLC_logo.svg/360px-OCLC_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="210" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Kilgour_Building,_OCLC,_Dublin,_OH.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Kilgour_Building%2C_OCLC%2C_Dublin%2C_OH.jpg/220px-Kilgour_Building%2C_OCLC%2C_Dublin%2C_OH.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Kilgour_Building%2C_OCLC%2C_Dublin%2C_OH.jpg/330px-Kilgour_Building%2C_OCLC%2C_Dublin%2C_OH.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Kilgour_Building%2C_OCLC%2C_Dublin%2C_OH.jpg/440px-Kilgour_Building%2C_OCLC%2C_Dublin%2C_OH.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">OCLC headquarters in 2007</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data note">July 5, 1967<span class="noprint">; 57 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1967-07-05</span>)</span> (as Ohio College Library Center)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Kilgour" title="Fred Kilgour">Fred Kilgour</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/501(c)3_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="501(c)3 organization">501(c)3 organization</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Taxpayer_Identification_Number" title="Taxpayer Identification Number">Tax ID no.</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">31-0734115</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dublin,_Ohio" title="Dublin, Ohio">Dublin, Ohio</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=OCLC&params=40.1025_N_83.1269_W_region:US-OH_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°06′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">83°07′37″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.1025°N 83.1269°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.1025; -83.1269</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Region </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a></li><li>Amlib</li><li>BIBLIOTHECAplus</li><li>Capira</li><li>CatExpress</li><li>CONTENTdm</li><li><a href="/wiki/Dewey_Decimal_Classification" title="Dewey Decimal Classification">Dewey Decimal Classification</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/EZproxy" title="EZproxy">EZproxy</a></li><li>FirstSearch</li><li>LBS</li><li>OLIB</li><li>PiCarta</li><li>Relais ILL & D2D</li><li>SISIS-SunRise</li><li>Syndeo</li><li>Tipasa</li><li>TouchPoint</li><li>UnityUK</li><li><a href="/wiki/VDX_(library_software)" title="VDX (library software)">VDX</a></li><li>WebJunction</li><li>Wise</li><li>WorldShare</li></ul></div><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Members </div></th><td class="infobox-data">30,000+ libraries in 100+ countries<sup id="cite_ref-oclc_about_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oclc_about-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">President & CEO</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Skip_Prichard" title="Skip Prichard">Skip Prichard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Revenue <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2020–21)</span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">$217.8 million<sup id="cite_ref-2020-21annualreport_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020-21annualreport-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oclc.org/">www<wbr />.oclc<wbr />.org</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190593#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>OCLC, Inc.</b>, <a href="/wiki/Doing_business_as" class="mw-redirect" title="Doing business as">doing business as</a> <b>OCLC</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-cert_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cert-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an American nonprofit <a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">cooperative</a> organization "that provides shared technology services, original research, and community programs for its membership and the library community at large".<sup id="cite_ref-oclc_about_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oclc_about-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was founded in 1967 as the <b>Ohio College Library Center</b>, then became the <b>Online Computer Library Center</b> as it expanded. In 2017, the name was formally changed to OCLC, Inc.<sup id="cite_ref-cert_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cert-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> OCLC and thousands of its member libraries cooperatively produce and maintain <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a>, the largest <a href="/wiki/Online_public_access_catalog" title="Online public access catalog">online public access catalog</a> in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-largest_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-largest-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> OCLC is funded mainly by the fees that libraries pay (around $217.8 million annually in total as of 2021<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=OCLC&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>) for the many different services it offers.<sup id="cite_ref-2020-21annualreport_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020-21annualreport-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> OCLC also maintains the <a href="/wiki/Dewey_Decimal_Classification" title="Dewey Decimal Classification">Dewey Decimal Classification</a> system. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>OCLC began in 1967, as the Ohio College Library Center, through a collaboration of university presidents, vice presidents, and library directors who wanted to create a cooperative, computerized network for libraries in the state of <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>. The group first met on July 5, 1967, on the campus of <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_University" title="Ohio State University">Ohio State University</a> to sign the articles of incorporation for the nonprofit organization<sup id="cite_ref-In_the_beginning_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-In_the_beginning-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and hired <a href="/wiki/Frederick_G._Kilgour" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick G. Kilgour">Frederick G. Kilgour</a>, a former <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> medical school librarian, as first executive director.<sup id="cite_ref-tech_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tech-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kilgour1987_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kilgour1987-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kilgour and Ralph H. Parker, who was the head of libraries at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri" title="University of Missouri">University of Missouri</a>, had proposed the shared cataloging system in a 1965 report as consultants to the Committee of Librarians of the Ohio College Association.<sup id="cite_ref-Kilgour1987_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kilgour1987-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kilgour and Parker wished to merge the latest information storage and retrieval system of the time, the computer, with the oldest, the library.<sup id="cite_ref-Kilgour1987_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kilgour1987-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were inspired in part by the earlier Columbia–Harvard–Yale Medical Libraries Computerization Project, an attempt at shared automated printing of catalog cards.<sup id="cite_ref-Kilgour1987_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kilgour1987-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plan was to merge the catalogs of Ohio libraries electronically through a computer network and database to streamline operations, control costs, and increase efficiency in library management, bringing libraries together cooperatively to best serve researchers and scholars. The first library to do online cataloging through OCLC was the <a href="/wiki/Alden_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Alden Library">Alden Library</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ohio_University" title="Ohio University">Ohio University</a> on August 26, 1971. This was the first online cataloging by any library worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-In_the_beginning_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-In_the_beginning-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1967 and 1977, OCLC membership was limited to institutions in Ohio, but in 1978, a new governance structure was established that allowed institutions from other states to join. In 2002, the governance structure was again modified to accommodate participation from outside the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As OCLC expanded services in the United States outside Ohio, it relied on establishing strategic partnerships with "networks", organizations that provided training, support and marketing services. By 2008, there were 15 independent United States regional service providers. OCLC networks played a key role in OCLC governance, with networks electing delegates to serve on the OCLC Members Council. During 2008, OCLC commissioned two studies to look at distribution channels; at the same time, the council approved governance changes that had been recommended by the Board of Trustees severing the tie between the networks and governance. In early 2009, OCLC negotiated new contracts with the former networks and opened a centralized support center.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2010, the company was sued by SkyRiver, a rival startup, in an <a href="/wiki/Competition_law" title="Competition law">antitrust suit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kc.201007_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kc.201007-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Library automation company <a href="/wiki/Innovative_Interfaces" title="Innovative Interfaces">Innovative Interfaces</a> joined SkyRiver in the suit.<sup id="cite_ref-lj.264_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lj.264-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The suit was dropped in March 2013, however, following the acquisition of SkyRiver by <a href="/wiki/Innovative_Interfaces" title="Innovative Interfaces">Innovative Interfaces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-id.20130304_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-id.20130304-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Innovative Interfaces was bought by <a href="/wiki/ExLibris" class="mw-redirect" title="ExLibris">ExLibris</a> in 2020, therefore passing OCLC as the dominant supplier of <a href="/wiki/Integrated_library_system" title="Integrated library system">ILS</a> services in the US (over 70% market share for academic libraries and over 50% for public libraries for ExLibris, versus OCLC's 10% market share of both types of libraries in 2019).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, membership and governance expanded to include any institution with a subscription to one of many qualifying OCLC products (previously institutions qualified for membership by "contributing intellectual content or participating in global resource or reference sharing"), with the exception of for-profit organizations that are part of OCLC's partner program.<sup id="cite_ref-member-protocols_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-member-protocols-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This change reflected OCLC's expanding number of services due to its <a href="/wiki/Corporate_acquisition" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporate acquisition">corporate acquisitions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-member-protocols_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-member-protocols-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidents">Presidents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Presidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following people served successively as president of OCLC:<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>1967–1980: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_G._Kilgour" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick G. Kilgour">Frederick G. Kilgour</a></li> <li>1980–1989: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowland_C._W._Brown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rowland C. W. Brown (page does not exist)">Rowland C. W. Brown</a></li> <li>1989–1998: <a href="/w/index.php?title=K._Wayne_Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="K. Wayne Smith (page does not exist)">K. Wayne Smith</a></li> <li>1998–2013: <a href="/wiki/Jay_Jordan" title="Jay Jordan">Jay Jordan</a></li> <li>2013–present: <a href="/wiki/Skip_Prichard" title="Skip Prichard">Skip Prichard</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Services">Services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OCLC_Online_Computer_Library_Center_aerial_view_-_DPLA_-_f77302059c9901bd7622272437e9f8d6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/OCLC_Online_Computer_Library_Center_aerial_view_-_DPLA_-_f77302059c9901bd7622272437e9f8d6.jpg/220px-OCLC_Online_Computer_Library_Center_aerial_view_-_DPLA_-_f77302059c9901bd7622272437e9f8d6.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/OCLC_Online_Computer_Library_Center_aerial_view_-_DPLA_-_f77302059c9901bd7622272437e9f8d6.jpg/330px-OCLC_Online_Computer_Library_Center_aerial_view_-_DPLA_-_f77302059c9901bd7622272437e9f8d6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/OCLC_Online_Computer_Library_Center_aerial_view_-_DPLA_-_f77302059c9901bd7622272437e9f8d6.jpg/440px-OCLC_Online_Computer_Library_Center_aerial_view_-_DPLA_-_f77302059c9901bd7622272437e9f8d6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3250" data-file-height="2191" /></a><figcaption>Company headquarters in Dublin, Ohio, 1981</figcaption></figure> <p>OCLC provides <a href="/wiki/Bibliographic" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliographic">bibliographic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abstract_(summary)" title="Abstract (summary)">abstract</a> and full-text information to anyone. </p><p>OCLC and its member libraries cooperatively produce and maintain <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a>—the OCLC Online Union Catalog, the largest <a href="/wiki/Online_public_access_catalog" title="Online public access catalog">online public access catalog</a> (OPAC) in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-largest_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-largest-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> WorldCat has holding records from public and private libraries worldwide. </p><p>The Online Computer Library Center acquired the trademark and copyrights associated with the <a href="/wiki/Dewey_Decimal_Classification" title="Dewey Decimal Classification">Dewey Decimal Classification</a> System when it bought Forest Press in 1988. A browser<sup id="cite_ref-oclc.dewey_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oclc.dewey-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for books with their Dewey Decimal Classifications was available until July 2013; it was replaced by the Classify Service. </p><p>Until August 2009, when it was sold to Backstage Library Works, OCLC owned a preservation microfilm and <a href="/wiki/Digitization" title="Digitization">digitization</a> operation called the OCLC Preservation Service Center,<sup id="cite_ref-oclc-p_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oclc-p-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with its principal office in <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem,_Pennsylvania" title="Bethlehem, Pennsylvania">Bethlehem, Pennsylvania</a>. </p><p>Starting in 1971, OCLC produced <a href="/wiki/Catalog_card" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalog card">catalog cards</a> for members alongside its shared online catalog; the company printed its last catalog cards on October 1, 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style><span class="vanchor"><span id="QuestionPoint"></span><span class="vanchor-text">QuestionPoint</span></span></b>,<sup id="cite_ref-oclc.questionpoint_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oclc.questionpoint-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an around-the-clock reference service provided to users by a cooperative of participating global libraries, was acquired by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Springshare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Springshare (page does not exist)">Springshare</a> from OCLC in 2019 and migrated to Springshare's LibAnswers platform.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Software">Software</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Software"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>OCLC commercially sells software, such as: </p> <ul><li>CONTENTdm for managing <a href="/wiki/Digital_collection" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital collection">digital collections</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Wise, an <a href="/wiki/Integrated_library_system" title="Integrated library system">integrated library system</a> and "community engagement system"<sup id="cite_ref-OCLCWise_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OCLCWise-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-InfoTodayWise_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InfoTodayWise-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>WorldCat Discovery, a <a href="/wiki/Discovery_system_(bibliographic_search)" title="Discovery system (bibliographic search)">bibliographic discovery system</a> that allows library patrons to use a single search interface to access an institution's catalog, ebooks, database subscriptions and more<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Breeding2019_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breeding2019-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>WorldShare Management Services, an <a href="/wiki/Electronic_resource_management" title="Electronic resource management">electronic resource management</a> system<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Breeding2019_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breeding2019-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>OCLC has been conducting research for the library community for more than 30 years. In accordance with its mission, OCLC makes its research outcomes known through various publications.<sup id="cite_ref-oclc.res_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oclc.res-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These publications, including journal articles, reports, newsletters, and presentations, are available through the organization's website. </p> <ul><li>OCLC Publications – Research articles from various journals including <i>The <a href="/wiki/Code4Lib_Journal" title="Code4Lib Journal">Code4Lib Journal</a></i>, <i>OCLC Research</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Reference_and_User_Services_Quarterly" title="Reference and User Services Quarterly">Reference and User Services Quarterly</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/College_%26_Research_Libraries_News" title="College & Research Libraries News">College & Research Libraries News</a></i>, <i>Art Libraries Journal</i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/National_Education_Association" title="National Education Association">National Education Association</a> Newsletter</i>. The most recent publications are displayed first, and all archived resources, starting in 1970, are also available.<sup id="cite_ref-oclc.pubs_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oclc.pubs-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Membership Reports – A number of significant reports on topics ranging from virtual reference in libraries to perceptions about library funding.<sup id="cite_ref-oclc.reports_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oclc.reports-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Newsletters – Current and archived newsletters for the library and archive community.<sup id="cite_ref-oclc.newsletter_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oclc.newsletter-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Presentations – Presentations from both guest speakers and OCLC research from conferences, webcasts, and other events. The presentations are organized into five categories: Conference presentations, Dewey presentations, Distinguished Seminar Series, Guest presentations, and Research staff presentations.<sup id="cite_ref-oclc.pres_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oclc.pres-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, OCLC participated in the REopening Archives, Libraries, and Museums (REALM) project funded by the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Museum_and_Library_Services" title="Institute of Museum and Library Services">IMLS</a> to study the surface transmission risks of <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2" title="SARS-CoV-2">SARS-CoV-2</a> on common library and museum materials and surfaces,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and published a series of reports.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Advocacy">Advocacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Advocacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Advocacy has been a part of OCLC's mission since its founding in 1967. OCLC staff members meet and work regularly with library leaders, information professionals, researchers, entrepreneurs, political leaders, trustees, students and patrons to advocate "advancing research, scholarship, education, community development, information access, and global cooperation".<sup id="cite_ref-De_Rosa_2009_719–726_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-De_Rosa_2009_719–726-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TheG2009_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheG2009-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>WebJunction, which provides training services to librarians,<sup id="cite_ref-oclc.webjunction_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oclc.webjunction-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a division of OCLC funded by grants from the <a href="/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</a> beginning in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>OCLC partnered with search engine providers in 2003 to advocate for libraries and share information across the Internet landscape. Google, <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ask.com" title="Ask.com">Ask.com</a> all collaborated with OCLC to make WorldCat records searchable through those search engines.<sup id="cite_ref-De_Rosa_2009_719–726_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-De_Rosa_2009_719–726-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>OCLC's advocacy campaign "Geek the Library", started in 2009, highlights the role of public libraries. The campaign, funded by a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, uses a strategy based on the findings of the 2008 OCLC report, "From Awareness to Funding: A study of library support in America".<sup id="cite_ref-advocacy_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-advocacy-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other past advocacy campaigns have focused on sharing the knowledge gained from library and information research. Such projects have included communities such as the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_American_Archivists" title="Society of American Archivists">Society of American Archivists</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Open_Archives_Initiative" title="Open Archives Initiative">Open Archives Initiative</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Museum_and_Library_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute for Museum and Library Services">Institute for Museum and Library Services</a>, the <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">International Organization for Standardization</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Information_Standards_Organization" title="National Information Standards Organization">National Information Standards Organization</a>, the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">Internet Engineering Task Force</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Internet2" title="Internet2">Internet2</a>. One of the most successful contributions to this effort was the <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Core" title="Dublin Core">Dublin Core</a> Metadata Initiative, "an open forum of libraries, archives, museums, technology organizations, and software companies who work together to develop interoperable online <a href="/wiki/Metadata_standards" class="mw-redirect" title="Metadata standards">metadata standards</a> that support a broad range of purposes and business models."<sup id="cite_ref-De_Rosa_2009_719–726_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-De_Rosa_2009_719–726-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>OCLC has collaborated with the <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a> and the Wikimedia volunteer community, through integrating library metadata with Wikimedia projects, hosting a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedian_in_residence" title="Wikipedian in residence">Wikipedian in residence</a>, and doing a national training program through WebJunction called "Wikipedia + Libraries: Better Together".<sup id="cite_ref-Libraries_Leverage_Wikimedia_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Libraries_Leverage_Wikimedia-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Online_database:_WorldCat">Online database: WorldCat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Online database: WorldCat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a></div> <p>OCLC's WorldCat database is used by the general public and by librarians for cataloging and research. WorldCat is available to the public for searching via a subscription web-based service called FirstSearch, to which many libraries subscribe,<sup id="cite_ref-firstsearch_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-firstsearch-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as through the publicly available WorldCat.org.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Identifiers_and_linked_data"><span class="anchor" id="OCLC"></span>Identifiers and linked data</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Identifiers and linked data"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>OCLC assigns a unique control number (referred to as an "OCN" for "OCLC Control Number") to each new bibliographic record in WorldCat. Numbers are assigned serially, and in mid-2013 over a billion OCNs had been created. In September 2013, the OCLC declared these numbers to be in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>, removing a perceived barrier to widespread use of OCNs outside OCLC itself.<sup id="cite_ref-oclc.public_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oclc.public-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The control numbers link WorldCat's records to local library system records by providing a common reference key for a record across libraries.<sup id="cite_ref-oclc.control_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oclc.control-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>OCNs are particularly useful as <a href="/wiki/Identifier" title="Identifier">identifiers</a> for books and other bibliographic materials that do not have <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBNs</a> (e.g., books published before 1970). OCNs are often used as identifiers for Wikipedia and <a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>. In October 2013, it was reported that out of 29,673 instances of book <a href="/wiki/Infobox" title="Infobox">infoboxes</a> in Wikipedia, "there were 23,304 ISBNs and 15,226 OCNs", and regarding Wikidata: "of around 14 million Wikidata items, 28,741 were books. 5403 Wikidata items have an ISBN associated with them, and 12,262 have OCNs."<sup id="cite_ref-oclc.wild_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oclc.wild-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>OCLC also runs the <a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">Virtual International Authority File</a> (VIAF), an international name authority file, with oversight from the VIAF Council composed of representatives of institutions that contribute data to VIAF.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> VIAF numbers are broadly used as standard identifiers, including in Wikipedia.<sup id="cite_ref-Libraries_Leverage_Wikimedia_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Libraries_Leverage_Wikimedia-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Company_acquisitions">Company acquisitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Company acquisitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schipholweg_99,_Leiden.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Schipholweg_99%2C_Leiden.JPG/300px-Schipholweg_99%2C_Leiden.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Schipholweg_99%2C_Leiden.JPG/450px-Schipholweg_99%2C_Leiden.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Schipholweg_99%2C_Leiden.JPG/600px-Schipholweg_99%2C_Leiden.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>OCLC offices in <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a> (the Netherlands)</figcaption></figure> <p>OCLC acquired <a href="/wiki/NetLibrary" class="mw-redirect" title="NetLibrary">NetLibrary</a>, a provider of electronic books and textbooks, in 2002 and sold it in 2010 to <a href="/wiki/EBSCO_Industries" title="EBSCO Industries">EBSCO Industries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-oclc.2010_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oclc.2010-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> OCLC owns 100% of the shares of <a href="/wiki/OCLC_PICA" title="OCLC PICA">OCLC PICA</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Library_automation_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Library automation system">library automation systems</a> and services company which has its headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a> in the Netherlands and which was renamed "OCLC" at the end of 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-lj.ca6495514_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lj.ca6495514-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2006, the <a href="/wiki/Research_Libraries_Group" title="Research Libraries Group">Research Libraries Group</a> (RLG) merged with OCLC.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 11, 2008, OCLC announced<sup id="cite_ref-oclc.200690_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oclc.200690-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that it had purchased <a href="/wiki/EZproxy" title="EZproxy">EZproxy</a>. It has also acquired <a href="/wiki/OAIster" title="OAIster">OAIster</a>. The process started in January 2009 and from October 31, 2009, OAIster records are freely available via WorldCat.org. </p><p>In 2013, OCLC acquired the Dutch library automation company HKA<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and its <a href="/wiki/Integrated_library_system" title="Integrated library system">integrated library system</a> Wise,<sup id="cite_ref-InfoTodayWise_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InfoTodayWise-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which OCLC calls a "community engagement system" that "combines the power of customer relationship management, marketing, and analytics with ILS functions".<sup id="cite_ref-OCLCWise_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OCLCWise-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> OCLC began offering Wise to libraries in the United States in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-InfoTodayWise_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InfoTodayWise-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2015, OCLC acquired Sustainable Collection Services (SCS). SCS offered consulting services based on analyzing library print collection data to help libraries manage and share materials.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, OCLC acquired Relais International, a library interlibrary loan service provider based in Ottawa, Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A more complete list of mergers and acquisitions is available on the OCLC website.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 2008, OCLC was criticized by <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Beall" title="Jeffrey Beall">Jeffrey Beall</a> for <a href="/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly">monopolistic</a> practices, among other faults.<sup id="cite_ref-oclc.2008_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oclc.2008-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Library blogger Rick Mason responded that although he thought Beall had some "valid criticisms" of OCLC, he demurred from some of Beall's statements and warned readers to "beware the hyperbole and the personal nature of his criticism, for they strongly overshadow that which is worth stating".<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2008, the Board of Directors of OCLC unilaterally issued a new Policy for Use and Transfer of WorldCat Records<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that would have required member libraries to include an OCLC policy note on their <a href="/wiki/Bibliographic_record" title="Bibliographic record">bibliographic records</a>; the policy caused an uproar among librarian bloggers.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McKenzie_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKenzie-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among those who protested the policy was the non-librarian activist <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Swartz" title="Aaron Swartz">Aaron Swartz</a>, who believed the policy would threaten projects such as the <a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">Open Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zotero" title="Zotero">Zotero</a>, and Wikipedia, and who started a petition to "Stop the OCLC powergrab".<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-watchdog.net_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-watchdog.net-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Swartz's petition garnered 858 signatures, but the details of his proposed actions went largely unheeded.<sup id="cite_ref-McKenzie_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKenzie-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within a few months, the library community had forced OCLC to retract its policy and to create a Review Board to consult with member libraries more transparently.<sup id="cite_ref-McKenzie_68-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKenzie-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2012, OCLC recommended that member libraries adopt the <a href="/wiki/Open_Data_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Data Commons">Open Data Commons</a> Attribution (ODC-BY) license when sharing library catalog data, although some member libraries have explicit agreements with OCLC that they can publish catalog data using the <a href="/wiki/CC0" class="mw-redirect" title="CC0">CC0</a> Public Domain Dedication.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dynix_(software)" title="Dynix (software)">Dynix (software)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_library_advocacy" title="Public library advocacy">Public library advocacy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oclc.org/content/dam/oclc/membership/membership-qualifying-subscriptions.pdf">"OCLC Qualifying Subscriptions for Membership"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>oclc.org</i>. OCLC. February 15, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220311061055/https://www.oclc.org/content/dam/oclc/membership/membership-qualifying-subscriptions.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on March 11, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oclc.org&rft.atitle=OCLC+Qualifying+Subscriptions+for+Membership&rft.date=2022-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oclc.org%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Foclc%2Fmembership%2Fmembership-qualifying-subscriptions.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOCLC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oclc_about-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oclc_about_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oclc_about_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oclc.org/en/about.html">"About OCLC"</a>. OCLC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220311152413/https://www.oclc.org/en/about.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 11, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+OCLC&rft.pub=OCLC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oclc.org%2Fen%2Fabout.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOCLC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2020-21annualreport-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2020-21annualreport_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2020-21annualreport_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oclc.org/en/annual-report/2021/home.html">"OCLC Annual Report 2020–2021"</a>. Dublin, Ohio: OCLC. December 20, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220311162629/https://www.oclc.org/en/annual-report/2021/home.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 11, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OCLC+Annual+Report+2020%E2%80%932021&rft.place=Dublin%2C+Ohio&rft.pub=OCLC&rft.date=2021-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oclc.org%2Fen%2Fannual-report%2F2021%2Fhome.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOCLC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cert-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cert_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cert_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200321070613/https://bizimage.ohiosos.gov/api/image/pdf/201717701088">"Certificate of Amendment of the Amended Articles of Incorporation of OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Secretary_of_State" title="Ohio Secretary of State">Ohio Secretary of State</a>. June 26, 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bizimage.ohiosos.gov/api/image/pdf/201717701088">the original</a> on March 21, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Certificate+of+Amendment+of+the+Amended+Articles+of+Incorporation+of+OCLC+Online+Computer+Library+Center%2C+Inc.&rft.pub=Ohio+Secretary+of+State&rft.date=2017-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbizimage.ohiosos.gov%2Fapi%2Fimage%2Fpdf%2F201717701088&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOCLC" class="Z3988"></span> See also: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oclc.org/content/dam/oclc/membership/articles-of-incorporation.pdf">"Amended Articles of Incorporation of OCLC, Inc"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. OCLC. June 23, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220311061001/https://www.oclc.org/content/dam/oclc/membership/articles-of-incorporation.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on March 11, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Amended+Articles+of+Incorporation+of+OCLC%2C+Inc.&rft.pub=OCLC&rft.date=2017-06-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oclc.org%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Foclc%2Fmembership%2Farticles-of-incorporation.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOCLC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-largest-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-largest_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-largest_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOswald2017" class="citation book cs1">Oswald, Godfrey (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G4owDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA291">"Largest unified international library catalog"</a>. <i>Library world records</i> (3rd ed.). Jefferson, NC: <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland & Company</a>. p. 291. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781476667775" title="Special:BookSources/9781476667775"><bdi>9781476667775</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/959650095">959650095</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200308230751/https://books.google.com/books?id=G4owDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA291">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=OCLC&rft.atitle=OCLC+prints+last+library+catalog+cards&rft.date=2015-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oclc.org%2Fen%2Fnews%2Freleases%2F2015%2F201529dublin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOCLC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oclc.questionpoint-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oclc.questionpoint_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170215101917/https://www.oclc.org/en/questionpoint.html">"QuestionPoint"</a>. OCLC. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 25,</span> 2020</span>. <q>Should discovery services be bundled or acquired à la carte? 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aaronsw.com/weblog/oclcscam.html">the original</a> on June 4, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aaronsw.com&rft.atitle=Stealing+Your+Library%3A+The+OCLC+Powergrab+%28Aaron+Swartz%27s+Raw+Thought%29&rft.date=2011-06-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aaronsw.com%2Fweblog%2Foclcscam.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOCLC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVollmer2012" class="citation web cs1">Vollmer, Timothy (August 14, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/2012/08/14/library-catalog-metadata-open-licensing-or-public-domain/">"Library catalog metadata: Open licensing or public domain?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200421051326/https://creativecommons.org/2012/08/14/library-catalog-metadata-open-licensing-or-public-domain/">Archived</a> from the original on April 21, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Creative+Commons&rft.atitle=Library+catalog+metadata%3A+Open+licensing+or+public+domain%3F&rft.date=2012-08-14&rft.aulast=Vollmer&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcreativecommons.org%2F2012%2F08%2F14%2Flibrary-catalog-metadata-open-licensing-or-public-domain%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOCLC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrice2014" class="citation web cs1">Price, Gary (February 14, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infodocket.com/2014/02/14/library-data-national-library-of-sweden-signs-agreement-with-oclc-re-cc0-license/">"Metadata/Catalog Records: National Library of Sweden Signs Agreement With OCLC Re: CC0 License"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Library_Journal" title="Library Journal">Library Journal</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200418094622/https://www.infodocket.com/2014/02/14/library-data-national-library-of-sweden-signs-agreement-with-oclc-re-cc0-license/">Archived</a> from the original on April 18, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+Journal&rft.atitle=Metadata%2FCatalog+Records%3A+National+Library+of+Sweden+Signs+Agreement+With+OCLC+Re%3A+CC0+License&rft.date=2014-02-14&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infodocket.com%2F2014%2F02%2F14%2Flibrary-data-national-library-of-sweden-signs-agreement-with-oclc-re-cc0-license%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOCLC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBénaudBordeianu2015" class="citation journal cs1">Bénaud, Claire-Lise; Bordeianu, Sever (October 2015). "OCLC's WorldShare Management Services: a brave new world for catalogers". <i><a href="/wiki/Cataloging_%26_Classification_Quarterly" title="Cataloging & Classification Quarterly">Cataloging & Classification Quarterly</a></i>. <b>53</b> (7): 738–752. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01639374.2014.1003668">10.1080/01639374.2014.1003668</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:62642181">62642181</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cataloging+%26+Classification+Quarterly&rft.atitle=OCLC%27s+WorldShare+Management+Services%3A+a+brave+new+world+for+catalogers&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=738-752&rft.date=2015-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01639374.2014.1003668&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A62642181%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=B%C3%A9naud&rft.aufirst=Claire-Lise&rft.au=Bordeianu%2C+Sever&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOCLC" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlackmanMooreSeikelSmith2014" class="citation journal cs1">Blackman, Cathy; Moore, Erica Rae; Seikel, Michele; Smith, Mandi (July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5860%2Flrts.58n3.178">"WorldCat and SkyRiver: a comparison of record quantity and fullness"</a>. <i>Library Resources & Technical Services</i>. <b>58</b> (3): 178–186. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5860%2Flrts.58n3.178">10.5860/lrts.58n3.178</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Library+Resources+%26+Technical+Services&rft.atitle=WorldCat+and+SkyRiver%3A+a+comparison+of+record+quantity+and+fullness&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=178-186&rft.date=2014-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5860%2Flrts.58n3.178&rft.aulast=Blackman&rft.aufirst=Cathy&rft.au=Moore%2C+Erica+Rae&rft.au=Seikel%2C+Michele&rft.au=Smith%2C+Mandi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.5860%252Flrts.58n3.178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOCLC" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBreeding2015" class="citation journal cs1">Breeding, Marshall (May 2015). "Library services platforms: a maturing genre of products". <i>Library Technology Reports</i>. <b>51</b> (4): 1–38. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5860%2Fltr.51n4">10.5860/ltr.51n4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Library+Technology+Reports&rft.atitle=Library+services+platforms%3A+a+maturing+genre+of+products&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1-38&rft.date=2015-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5860%2Fltr.51n4&rft.aulast=Breeding&rft.aufirst=Marshall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOCLC" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJordan2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jay_Jordan" title="Jay Jordan">Jordan, Jay</a>, ed. (2011). <i>Weaving libraries into the web: OCLC 1998–2008</i>. London; New York: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415576901" title="Special:BookSources/9780415576901"><bdi>9780415576901</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/759584353">759584353</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Weaving+libraries+into+the+web%3A+OCLC+1998%E2%80%932008&rft.place=London%3B+New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F759584353&rft.isbn=9780415576901&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOCLC" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaciuszko1984" class="citation book cs1">Maciuszko, Kathleen L. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oclcdecadeofdeve00maci"><i>OCLC, a decade of development, 1967–1977</i></a>. Littleton, Colo.: <a href="/wiki/Libraries_Unlimited" class="mw-redirect" title="Libraries Unlimited">Libraries Unlimited</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0872874079" title="Special:BookSources/0872874079"><bdi>0872874079</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/10483157">10483157</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=OCLC%2C+a+decade+of+development%2C+1967%E2%80%931977&rft.place=Littleton%2C+Colo.&rft.pub=Libraries+Unlimited&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F10483157&rft.isbn=0872874079&rft.aulast=Maciuszko&rft.aufirst=Kathleen+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foclcdecadeofdeve00maci&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOCLC" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthews2016" class="citation journal cs1">Matthews, Joseph R. (July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01616846.2016.1210440">"An environmental scan of OCLC alternatives: a management perspective"</a>. <i>Public Library Quarterly</i>. <b>35</b> (3): 175–187. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01616846.2016.1210440">10.1080/01616846.2016.1210440</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Library+Quarterly&rft.atitle=An+environmental+scan+of+OCLC+alternatives%3A+a+management+perspective&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=175-187&rft.date=2016-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01616846.2016.1210440&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=Joseph+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F01616846.2016.1210440&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOCLC" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichardson2012" class="citation journal cs1">Richardson, Ellen (January 2012). "Ain't no (Sky)River wide enough to keep me from getting to you: SkyRiver, Innovative, OCLC, and the fight for control over the bibliographic data, cataloging services, ILL, and ILS markets". <i>Legal Reference Services Quarterly</i>. <b>31</b> (1): 37–64. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0270319X.2012.654065">10.1080/0270319X.2012.654065</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:62595756">62595756</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Legal+Reference+Services+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Ain%27t+no+%28Sky%29River+wide+enough+to+keep+me+from+getting+to+you%3A+SkyRiver%2C+Innovative%2C+OCLC%2C+and+the+fight+for+control+over+the+bibliographic+data%2C+cataloging+services%2C+ILL%2C+and+ILS+markets&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=37-64&rft.date=2012-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F0270319X.2012.654065&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A62595756%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=Ellen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOCLC" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1998" class="citation book cs1">Smith, K. Wayne, ed. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oclc1967199700kway"><i>OCLC, 1967–1997: thirty years of furthering access to the world's information</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Haworth_Press" title="Haworth Press">Haworth Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0789005360" title="Special:BookSources/0789005360"><bdi>0789005360</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/38732191">38732191</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=OCLC%2C+1967%E2%80%931997%3A+thirty+years+of+furthering+access+to+the+world%27s+information&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Haworth+Press&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F38732191&rft.isbn=0789005360&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foclc1967199700kway&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOCLC" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oclc.org/content/dam/oclc/worldcat/documents/worldcat-data-licensing.pdf">"WorldCat data licensing"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>oclc.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181231200433/https://www.oclc.org/content/dam/oclc/worldcat/documents/worldcat-data-licensing.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on December 31, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oclc.org&rft.atitle=WorldCat+data+licensing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oclc.org%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Foclc%2Fworldcat%2Fdocuments%2Fworldcat-data-licensing.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOCLC" class="Z3988"></span> See also: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oclc.org/developer/develop/data-sets/attribution.en.html">"Data licenses & attribution"</a>. <i>oclc.org</i>. January 14, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181231201227/https://www.oclc.org/developer/develop/data-sets/attribution.en.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 31, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oclc.org&rft.atitle=Data+licenses+%26+attribution&rft.date=2017-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oclc.org%2Fdeveloper%2Fdevelop%2Fdata-sets%2Fattribution.en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOCLC" class="Z3988"></span> Information about licensing of WorldCat records and some other OCLC data.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Online Computer Library Center"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1046905-9">Germany</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. (Dublin, OH)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1090452497">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n78015294">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12081223j">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12081223j">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="OCLC"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36557737">Australia</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="OCLC"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20010711319&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX133903">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/44358">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="OCLC"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90089898">Norway</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="OCLC"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/6057581">2</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="OCLC Online Computer Library Center"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90939800">3</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000129426&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000471661&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/0xbdb57j2zcmqq2">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810576175005606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/15627">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007266172005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00183669?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w3id.org/isil/US-OCOLC">ISIL</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1291285">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="OCLC on line computer library center (Dublin, Ohio)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/029119723">IdRef</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6gb6xgb">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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