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<ul id="toc-Genetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%86" title="حضارة بادن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حضارة بادن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badenska_kultura" title="Badenska kultura – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Badenska kultura" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_de_Baden" title="Cultura de Baden – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cultura de Baden" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badensk%C3%A1_kultura" title="Badenská kultura – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Badenská kultura" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badenkulturen" title="Badenkulturen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Badenkulturen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badener_Kultur" title="Badener Kultur – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Badener Kultur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_de_Baden" title="Cultura de Baden – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cultura de Baden" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulturo_de_Badeno" title="Kulturo de Badeno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kulturo de Badeno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_de_Baden" title="Culture de Baden – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Culture de Baden" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_Baden" title="Cultura Baden – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cultura Baden" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badenska_kultura" title="Badenska kultura – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Badenska kultura" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebudayaan_Baden" title="Kebudayaan Baden – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kebudayaan Baden" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_di_Baden" title="Cultura di Baden – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cultura di Baden" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badeno_kult%C5%ABra" title="Badeno kultūra – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Badeno kultūra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultur_Baden" title="Cultur Baden – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Cultur Baden" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-p%C3%A9celi_kult%C3%BAra" title="Baden-péceli kultúra – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Baden-péceli kultúra" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badencultuur" title="Badencultuur – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Badencultuur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kultura_bade%C5%84ska" title="Kultura badeńska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kultura badeńska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_de_Bade" title="Cultura de Bade – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cultura de Bade" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Баденская культура – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Баденская культура" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badensk%C3%A1_kult%C3%BAra" title="Badenská kultúra – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Badenská kultúra" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Баденска култура – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Баденска култура" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badenska_kultura" title="Badenska kultura – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Badenska kultura" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badenin_kulttuuri" title="Badenin kulttuuri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Badenin kulttuuri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badenkulturen" title="Badenkulturen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Badenkulturen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Баденська культура – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Баденська культура" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Copper Age culture in south-central Europe (c. 3520–2690 BC)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Baden culture</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Corded_Ware_culture-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Map_Corded_Ware_culture-en.svg/220px-Map_Corded_Ware_culture-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Map_Corded_Ware_culture-en.svg/330px-Map_Corded_Ware_culture-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Map_Corded_Ware_culture-en.svg/440px-Map_Corded_Ware_culture-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1015" data-file-height="598" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Geographical range</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/East-Central_Europe" title="East-Central Europe">East-Central Europe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Period</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic_Europe" title="Chalcolithic Europe">Chalcolithic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_Europe" title="Bronze Age Europe">Bronze Age</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dates</th><td class="infobox-data">c. 3600–2690 BC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major sites</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vucedol" class="mw-redirect" title="Vucedol">Vucedol</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lengyel_culture" title="Lengyel culture">Lengyel culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bodrogkereszt%C3%BAr_culture" title="Bodrogkeresztúr culture">Bodrogkeresztúr culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Co%C8%9Bofeni_culture" title="Coțofeni culture">Coțofeni culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cernavod%C4%83_culture" title="Cernavodă culture">Cernavodă culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Funnelbeaker_culture" title="Funnelbeaker culture">Funnelbeaker culture</a>,</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Followed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vu%C4%8Dedol_culture" title="Vučedol culture">Vučedol culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bell_Beaker_culture" title="Bell Beaker culture">Bell Beaker culture</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Baden culture</b> or <b>Baden-Pécel culture</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</a> <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_culture" title="Archaeological culture">archaeological culture</a> dating to <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 3520–2690 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is found in <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Europe" title="Southeast Europe">Southeast Europe</a>, and is in particular known from <a href="/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia">Moravia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>), <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, southern <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>, northern <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> and eastern <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>. Imports of Baden pottery have also been found in Germany and Switzerland (<a href="/wiki/Arbon" title="Arbon">Arbon-Bleiche III</a>). It is often grouped together with the <a href="/wiki/Co%C8%9Bofeni_culture" title="Coțofeni culture">Coțofeni culture</a> as part of the <b>Baden-Coțofeni culture</b>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_research">History of research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden_culture&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History of research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baden_culture_copper_pectoral.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Baden_culture_copper_pectoral.png/220px-Baden_culture_copper_pectoral.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Baden_culture_copper_pectoral.png/330px-Baden_culture_copper_pectoral.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Baden_culture_copper_pectoral.png 2x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="272" /></a><figcaption>Copper pectoral, Czech Republic</figcaption></figure> <p>The Baden culture was named after <a href="/wiki/Baden_bei_Wien" title="Baden bei Wien">Baden near Vienna</a> by the Austrian prehistorian <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Menghin" title="Oswald Menghin">Oswald Menghin</a>. It is also known as the Ossarn group<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or Pecel culture. The first monographic treatment was produced by J. Banner in 1956. Other important scholars are E. Neustupny, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ida_Bognar-Kutzian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ida Bognar-Kutzian (page does not exist)">Ida Bognar-Kutzian</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vera_Nemejcova-Pavukova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vera Nemejcova-Pavukova (page does not exist)">Vera Nemejcova-Pavukova</a>. </p><p>Baden has been interpreted as part of a much larger archaeological complex encompassing cultures at the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ezero_culture" title="Ezero culture">Ezero</a>-<a href="/wiki/Cernavod%C4%83_culture" title="Cernavodă culture">Cernavodă III</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Troad" title="Troad">Troad</a>. In 1963, <a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%A1ndor_Kalicz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nándor Kalicz (page does not exist)">Nándor Kalicz</a> had proposed a connection between the Baden culture and <a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Troy</a>, based on the anthropomorphic urns from Ózd-Centre (Hungary). This interpretation cannot be maintained in the face of <a href="/wiki/Carbon-14" title="Carbon-14">radiocarbon dates</a>. The author himself (2004) has called this interpretation a "cul-de-sac", based on a misguided historical methodology. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chronology">Chronology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden_culture&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Chronology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Baden developed out of the late <a href="/wiki/Lengyel_culture" title="Lengyel culture">Lengyel culture</a> in the western Carpathian Basin. Němejcová-Pavuková proposes a polygenetic origin, including southeastern elements transmitted by the <a href="/wiki/Ezero_culture" title="Ezero culture">Ezero culture</a> of the early <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_Europe" title="Bronze Age Europe">Bronze Age</a> (Ezero, layers XIII-VII) and Cernavodă III/<a href="/wiki/Co%C8%9Bofeni_culture" title="Coțofeni culture">Coțofeni</a>. Ecsedy parallelises Baden with <a href="/wiki/Helladic" class="mw-redirect" title="Helladic">Early Helladic II</a> in Thessaly, Parzinger with <a href="/wiki/Sitagroi" title="Sitagroi">Sitagroi</a> IV. Baden was approximately contemporaneous with the late <a href="/wiki/Funnelbeaker_culture" title="Funnelbeaker culture">Funnelbeaker culture</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Globular_Amphora_culture" title="Globular Amphora culture">Globular Amphora culture</a> and the early <a href="/wiki/Corded_Ware_culture" title="Corded Ware culture">Corded Ware culture</a>. The following phases are known: Balaton-Lasinya, Baden-Boleráz, Post-Boleráz (divided into early, Fonyod/Tekovský Hrádok and late, Červený Hrádok/Szeghalom-Dioér by Vera Němejcová-Pavuková) and classical Baden. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Phase </th> <th>Subgroups </th> <th>Date </th> <th>sites </th></tr> <tr> <td>Balaton-Lasinya </td> <td>- </td> <td>3700 BC cal </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>Boleráz </td> <td>- </td> <td>3500 BC </td> <td>Pilismarot </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ia </td> <td>Štúrovo </td> <td>- </td> <td>Letkès </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ib </td> <td>Nitriansky Hrádok </td> <td>- </td> <td>Lánycsok, Vysoki breh </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ic </td> <td>Zlkovce </td> <td>- </td> <td>Balatonboglár </td></tr> <tr> <td>Post-Boleraz </td> <td> </td> <td>- </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>early </td> <td>Fonyod/Tekovský Hrádok </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>late </td> <td>Červený Hrádok/Szeghalom-Dioér </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>Classical Baden </td> <td> </td> <td>3400 BC </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>II, III </td> <td>older </td> <td>- </td> <td>Nevidzany, Viss </td></tr> <tr> <td>IV </td> <td>younger </td> <td>- </td> <td>Uny, Chlaba, Ózd </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Settlement">Settlement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden_culture&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Settlement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baden_wagon_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Baden_wagon_1.jpg/220px-Baden_wagon_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Baden_wagon_1.jpg/330px-Baden_wagon_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Baden_wagon_1.jpg/440px-Baden_wagon_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1633" data-file-height="1289" /></a><figcaption>Modern sculpture of a Baden culture wagon/cart model dating from c. 3300 BC, Hungary.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Before the Baden culture, there was no culture that was centralized in the <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Basin" title="Pannonian Basin">Carpathian Basin</a> and completely filled it, but the Baden-Pécel culture transcends the Carpathian Basin, which proves that it was a populous and unified culture. It can be observed that in the centre of some settlements, a larger building was constructed, and crown-like decorations were also found in some cemeteries, perhaps indicating that a kind of patronage society was characteristic of the culture.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Examining the <a href="/wiki/Balaton%C5%91sz%C3%B6d" title="Balatonőszöd">Balatonőszöd</a> artefacts, archaeologists have concluded that although the settlements were large, they were seasonal "towns", and their inhabitants were constantly changing. This would explain why we find such a high number of settlements linked to the culture. However, the archaeological evidence shows that there were also settlements that were fortified and served as a kind of centre, and were permanently inhabited. These settlements were mainly found on hilltops.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden_culture&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Late_Eneolithic_bronze_axes,_museum_Zrenjanin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Late_Eneolithic_bronze_axes%2C_museum_Zrenjanin.jpg/220px-Late_Eneolithic_bronze_axes%2C_museum_Zrenjanin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Late_Eneolithic_bronze_axes%2C_museum_Zrenjanin.jpg/330px-Late_Eneolithic_bronze_axes%2C_museum_Zrenjanin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Late_Eneolithic_bronze_axes%2C_museum_Zrenjanin.jpg/440px-Late_Eneolithic_bronze_axes%2C_museum_Zrenjanin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1208" data-file-height="936" /></a><figcaption>Bronze axes, Serbia</figcaption></figure> <p>The economy was mixed. Full-scale agriculture was present, along with the keeping of domestic stock—pigs, goats, etc. The Baden culture has some of the earliest attestation of often wheeled, wagon-shaped models in pottery, sometimes with a handle. There are burials of pairs of cattle that have been interpreted as draft animals. Though there are no finds of actual wagons, some scholars take these finds together as proof for the presence of real wagons. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Burial">Burial</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden_culture&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Burial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Both inhumations and cremations are known. In Slovakia and Hungary, the burned remains were often placed in <a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthropomorphic">anthropomorphic</a> urns (Slána, Ózd-Center). In <a href="/wiki/Nitriansky_Hr%C3%A1dok" title="Nitriansky Hrádok">Nitriansky Hrádok</a>, a mass grave was uncovered. There are also burials of cattle. Up to now, the only cemetery known from the early Boleráz-phase is Pilismárot (Hungary), which also contained a few examples of stroke-ornamented pottery. </p><p>In Serbia, anthropomorphic urns were found in the towns of Dobanovci, Gomolava, Perlez and Zemun.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interpretation">Interpretation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden_culture&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Interpretation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Kurgan_hypothesis" title="Kurgan hypothesis">Kurgan hypothesis</a> espoused by <a href="/wiki/Marija_Gimbutas" title="Marija Gimbutas">Marija Gimbutas</a>, the Baden culture is seen as being Indo-Europeanized. However, according to Grandpierre K. Endre, it is possible that kurgan burials developed in parallel in the Carpathian Basin, before the arrival of the Indo-Europeans.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden_culture&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Museum_f%C3%BCr_Vor-_und_Fr%C3%BChgeschichte_Berlin_034.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baden culture ceramic vessel.[7]"><img alt="Baden culture ceramic vessel.[7]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Museum_f%C3%BCr_Vor-_und_Fr%C3%BChgeschichte_Berlin_034.jpg/120px-Museum_f%C3%BCr_Vor-_und_Fr%C3%BChgeschichte_Berlin_034.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Museum_f%C3%BCr_Vor-_und_Fr%C3%BChgeschichte_Berlin_034.jpg/180px-Museum_f%C3%BCr_Vor-_und_Fr%C3%BChgeschichte_Berlin_034.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Museum_f%C3%BCr_Vor-_und_Fr%C3%BChgeschichte_Berlin_034.jpg/240px-Museum_f%C3%BCr_Vor-_und_Fr%C3%BChgeschichte_Berlin_034.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2308" data-file-height="2184" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Baden culture ceramic vessel.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Copper_age_middle_3500-2700BC_copper_ax_IMG_0935.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Metal axes, Hungary"><img alt="Metal axes, Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Copper_age_middle_3500-2700BC_copper_ax_IMG_0935.jpg/120px-Copper_age_middle_3500-2700BC_copper_ax_IMG_0935.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Copper_age_middle_3500-2700BC_copper_ax_IMG_0935.jpg/180px-Copper_age_middle_3500-2700BC_copper_ax_IMG_0935.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Copper_age_middle_3500-2700BC_copper_ax_IMG_0935.jpg/240px-Copper_age_middle_3500-2700BC_copper_ax_IMG_0935.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1395" data-file-height="1312" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Metal axes, Hungary</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:02021_0544_Baden_culture_pottery_in_Lesser_Poland.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Large pottery, Poland"><img alt="Large pottery, Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/02021_0544_Baden_culture_pottery_in_Lesser_Poland.jpg/120px-02021_0544_Baden_culture_pottery_in_Lesser_Poland.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/02021_0544_Baden_culture_pottery_in_Lesser_Poland.jpg/180px-02021_0544_Baden_culture_pottery_in_Lesser_Poland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/02021_0544_Baden_culture_pottery_in_Lesser_Poland.jpg/240px-02021_0544_Baden_culture_pottery_in_Lesser_Poland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4663" data-file-height="3110" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Large pottery, Poland</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Krak%C3%B3w_A-53_ul._Sasanek_2b_lamus_ekspozycja_4_naczynie_zasobowe.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Large pottery, Poland"><img alt="Large pottery, Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Krak%C3%B3w_A-53_ul._Sasanek_2b_lamus_ekspozycja_4_naczynie_zasobowe.jpg/103px-Krak%C3%B3w_A-53_ul._Sasanek_2b_lamus_ekspozycja_4_naczynie_zasobowe.jpg" decoding="async" width="103" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Krak%C3%B3w_A-53_ul._Sasanek_2b_lamus_ekspozycja_4_naczynie_zasobowe.jpg/154px-Krak%C3%B3w_A-53_ul._Sasanek_2b_lamus_ekspozycja_4_naczynie_zasobowe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Krak%C3%B3w_A-53_ul._Sasanek_2b_lamus_ekspozycja_4_naczynie_zasobowe.jpg/206px-Krak%C3%B3w_A-53_ul._Sasanek_2b_lamus_ekspozycja_4_naczynie_zasobowe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4186" data-file-height="4883" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Large pottery, Poland</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Copper_age_middle_3500-2700BC_baden_culture_IMG_0952.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Pedestal bowl, Hungary"><img alt="Pedestal bowl, Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Copper_age_middle_3500-2700BC_baden_culture_IMG_0952.JPG/110px-Copper_age_middle_3500-2700BC_baden_culture_IMG_0952.JPG" decoding="async" width="110" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Copper_age_middle_3500-2700BC_baden_culture_IMG_0952.JPG/165px-Copper_age_middle_3500-2700BC_baden_culture_IMG_0952.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Copper_age_middle_3500-2700BC_baden_culture_IMG_0952.JPG/220px-Copper_age_middle_3500-2700BC_baden_culture_IMG_0952.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1465" data-file-height="1598" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pedestal bowl, Hungary</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:02021_0530_Baden_culture_pottery_in_Lesser_Poland,_Krak%C3%B3w.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ceramic cups, Poland"><img alt="Ceramic cups, Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/02021_0530_Baden_culture_pottery_in_Lesser_Poland%2C_Krak%C3%B3w.jpg/120px-02021_0530_Baden_culture_pottery_in_Lesser_Poland%2C_Krak%C3%B3w.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/02021_0530_Baden_culture_pottery_in_Lesser_Poland%2C_Krak%C3%B3w.jpg/180px-02021_0530_Baden_culture_pottery_in_Lesser_Poland%2C_Krak%C3%B3w.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/02021_0530_Baden_culture_pottery_in_Lesser_Poland%2C_Krak%C3%B3w.jpg/240px-02021_0530_Baden_culture_pottery_in_Lesser_Poland%2C_Krak%C3%B3w.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3573" data-file-height="2580" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ceramic cups, Poland</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Late_Eneolithic_water_dish,_museum_Zrenjanin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ceramic dish, Serbia"><img alt="Ceramic dish, Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Late_Eneolithic_water_dish%2C_museum_Zrenjanin.jpg/120px-Late_Eneolithic_water_dish%2C_museum_Zrenjanin.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Late_Eneolithic_water_dish%2C_museum_Zrenjanin.jpg/180px-Late_Eneolithic_water_dish%2C_museum_Zrenjanin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Late_Eneolithic_water_dish%2C_museum_Zrenjanin.jpg/240px-Late_Eneolithic_water_dish%2C_museum_Zrenjanin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1198" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ceramic dish, Serbia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Late_Eneolithic_cups,_museum_Zrenjanin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ceramics, Serbia"><img alt="Ceramics, Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Late_Eneolithic_cups%2C_museum_Zrenjanin.jpg/120px-Late_Eneolithic_cups%2C_museum_Zrenjanin.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Late_Eneolithic_cups%2C_museum_Zrenjanin.jpg/180px-Late_Eneolithic_cups%2C_museum_Zrenjanin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Late_Eneolithic_cups%2C_museum_Zrenjanin.jpg/240px-Late_Eneolithic_cups%2C_museum_Zrenjanin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1457" data-file-height="953" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ceramics, Serbia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Female_figurine_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Anthropomorphic ceramic vessels[8]"><img alt="Anthropomorphic ceramic vessels[8]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Female_figurine_1.jpg/84px-Female_figurine_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Female_figurine_1.jpg/126px-Female_figurine_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Female_figurine_1.jpg/168px-Female_figurine_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2253" data-file-height="3218" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Anthropomorphic ceramic vessels<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Female_figurine_0.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Anthropomorphic ceramic vessel"><img alt="Anthropomorphic ceramic vessel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Female_figurine_0.jpg/81px-Female_figurine_0.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Female_figurine_0.jpg/121px-Female_figurine_0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Female_figurine_0.jpg/161px-Female_figurine_0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2120" data-file-height="3152" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Anthropomorphic ceramic vessel</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genetics">Genetics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden_culture&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Genetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Globular_Amphora_culture#Genetics" title="Globular Amphora culture">Globular Amphora culture § Genetics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Funnelbeaker_culture#Genetics" title="Funnelbeaker culture">Funnelbeaker culture § Genetics</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cucuteni%E2%80%93Trypillia_culture#Archaeogenetics" title="Cucuteni–Trypillia culture">Cucuteni–Trypillia culture § Archaeogenetics</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scientific_Reports_-_Trypillia_Verteba_PCA,_ADMIXTURE_and_Heatmap_2022.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Scientific_Reports_-_Trypillia_Verteba_PCA%2C_ADMIXTURE_and_Heatmap_2022.webp/220px-Scientific_Reports_-_Trypillia_Verteba_PCA%2C_ADMIXTURE_and_Heatmap_2022.webp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Scientific_Reports_-_Trypillia_Verteba_PCA%2C_ADMIXTURE_and_Heatmap_2022.webp/330px-Scientific_Reports_-_Trypillia_Verteba_PCA%2C_ADMIXTURE_and_Heatmap_2022.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Scientific_Reports_-_Trypillia_Verteba_PCA%2C_ADMIXTURE_and_Heatmap_2022.webp/440px-Scientific_Reports_-_Trypillia_Verteba_PCA%2C_ADMIXTURE_and_Heatmap_2022.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="1982" data-file-height="2362" /></a><figcaption>PCA and ADMIXTURE analysis showing that Baden individuals predominantly belong to European Neolithic populations of Anatolian ancestry, per Gelabert et al. 2022.</figcaption></figure> <p>In three genetic studies the remains of fifteen individuals roughly from 3600 to 2850 BCE ascribed to the Baden culture were analyzed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson2022_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatterson2022-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the nine (plus one Proto-Boleraz) samples of <a href="/wiki/Y-DNA" class="mw-redirect" title="Y-DNA">Y-DNA</a>, five belonged to various subclades of <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_G-M201" title="Haplogroup G-M201">haplogroup G2a2</a> (G2a2b2a1a1c-CTS342, G2a2a2b-Z36525, G2a2b2a1a1b-L497, G2a2a1a2a1a-L166, G2a2b2a1a-PF3346), and four belonged to haplogroup <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_I-M438" title="Haplogroup I-M438">I2</a> subclades (3x I2a1a1a1-Y11222, I2-P37). The <a href="/wiki/MtDNA" class="mw-redirect" title="MtDNA">mtDNA</a> extracted included subclades of <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_U_(mtDNA)#Haplogroup_U5" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup U (mtDNA)">U5a1, U5b, U8b1a1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_J_(mtDNA)" title="Haplogroup J (mtDNA)">J1c, J1c2, J2a1a1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_H_(mtDNA)" title="Haplogroup H (mtDNA)">H, H26a</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_T_(mtDNA)" title="Haplogroup T (mtDNA)">T2, T2b, T2c1d1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_HV_(mtDNA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup HV (mtDNA)">HV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_K_(mtDNA)" title="Haplogroup K (mtDNA)">K1a</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_W_(mtDNA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup W (mtDNA)">W</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENarasimhan2019_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENarasimhan2019-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson2022_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatterson2022-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> summing up the earlier ones, in particular.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELipson2017_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELipson2017-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to ADMIXTURE analysis they had approximately 78-91% <a href="/wiki/Early_European_Farmers" title="Early European Farmers">Early European Farmers</a>, 6-17% <a href="/wiki/Western_Hunter-Gatherer" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Hunter-Gatherer">Western Hunter-Gatherer</a> and 0-8% <a href="/wiki/Western_Steppe_Herders" title="Western Steppe Herders">Western Steppe Herders</a>-related ancestry,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson2022_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatterson2022-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> implying that the Indo-European influence on the local population was predominantly cultural and not biological. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden_culture&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Europe" title="Prehistoric Europe">Prehistoric Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezero_culture" title="Ezero culture">Ezero culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co%C8%9Bofeni_culture" title="Coțofeni culture">Coțofeni culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Transylvania" title="Prehistory of Transylvania">Prehistory of Transylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vu%C4%8Dedol_culture" title="Vučedol culture">Vučedol culture</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden_culture&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tünde Horváth, S. Éva Svingor, Mihály Molnár : NEW RADIOCARBON DATES FOR THE BADEN CULTURE . RADIOCARBON, Vol 50, Nr. 3, 2008, p 447–458. © 2008 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFColledgeConolly2007" class="citation book cs1">Colledge, Sue; Conolly, James (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/originsspreadofd0000unse/page/214"><i>The Origins and Spread of Domestic Plants in Southwest Asia and Europe</i></a>. Walnut Creek: Left Coast Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/originsspreadofd0000unse/page/214">214</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59874-988-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59874-988-5"><bdi>978-1-59874-988-5</bdi></a>. <q>The Ossarn group represents a later phase of the Baden culture, with sites located in Lower Austria south of the Danube and in northern and central Burgenland.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+and+Spread+of+Domestic+Plants+in+Southwest+Asia+and+Europe&rft.place=Walnut+Creek&rft.pages=214&rft.pub=Left+Coast+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-59874-988-5&rft.aulast=Colledge&rft.aufirst=Sue&rft.au=Conolly%2C+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foriginsspreadofd0000unse%2Fpage%2F214&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaden+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBondar2012" class="citation web cs1">Bondar, Maria (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236166787">"Prehistoric wagon models in the Carpathian Basin, 3500-1500 BC"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prehistoric+wagon+models+in+the+Carpathian+Basin%2C+3500-1500+BC&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Bondar&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F236166787&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaden+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isaw.nyu.edu/exhibitions/ritual-and-memory/objects/wagon-model-szigetszentmarton">"Wagon model, Hungary, 3500–3000 BCE"</a>. <i>Institute for the Study of the Ancient World</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Institute+for+the+Study+of+the+Ancient+World&rft.atitle=Wagon+model%2C+Hungary%2C+3500%E2%80%933000+BCE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fisaw.nyu.edu%2Fexhibitions%2Fritual-and-memory%2Fobjects%2Fwagon-model-szigetszentmarton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaden+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorváth" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Horváth, Tünde. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://real.mtak.hu/7810/1/badenrend.pdf"><i>A badeni kultúráról – rendhagyó módon</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Hungarian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+badeni+kult%C3%BAr%C3%A1r%C3%B3l+%E2%80%93+rendhagy%C3%B3+m%C3%B3don&rft.aulast=Horv%C3%A1th&rft.aufirst=T%C3%BCnde&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freal.mtak.hu%2F7810%2F1%2Fbadenrend.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaden+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rastko.rs/arheologija/srejovic/dsrejovic-eneolit.html">Dragoslav Srejović, "Kulture bakarnog i ranog bronzanog doba na tlu Srbije"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/anthropomorphic-vessel-unknown/EwH1dmzN5sR4zg">"Anthropomorphic vessel"</a>. <i>Google Arts & Culture – Neues Museum Berlin</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+Arts+%26+Culture+%E2%80%93+Neues+Museum+Berlin&rft.atitle=Anthropomorphic+vessel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fartsandculture.google.com%2Fasset%2Fanthropomorphic-vessel-unknown%2FEwH1dmzN5sR4zg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaden+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ace.hu/curric/elte-archeometria/irodalom/Hungarian_archeology.pdf">"HUNGARIAN ARCHAEOLOGY AT THE TURN OF THE MILLENNIUM, p.136"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HUNGARIAN+ARCHAEOLOGY+AT+THE+TURN+OF+THE+MILLENNIUM%2C+p.136&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ace.hu%2Fcurric%2Felte-archeometria%2Firodalom%2FHungarian_archeology.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaden+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatterson2022-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson2022_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson2022_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson2022_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPatterson2022">Patterson 2022</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENarasimhan2019-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENarasimhan2019_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNarasimhan2019">Narasimhan 2019</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELipson2017-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELipson2017_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLipson2017">Lipson 2017</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden_culture&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>J. Banner, "Die Peceler Kultur. Arch. <i>Hungarica</i> <b>35</b>, 1956.</li> <li>Vera Němejcová-Pavuková 1984. "K problematike trvania a konca boleazkej skupiny na Slovensku". <i>Slovenska Arch.</i> <b> 34</b>, 1986, 133–176.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._P._Mallory" title="J. P. Mallory">J. P. Mallory</a>, "Baden Culture", <i>Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture</i>, (Fitzroy Dearborn), 1997.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLipson2017" class="citation journal cs1">Lipson, Mark (November 16, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5973800">"Parallel palaeogenomic transects reveal complex genetic history of early European farmers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i>. <b>551</b> (7680). <a href="/wiki/Nature_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature Research">Nature Research</a>: 368–372. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Natur.551..368L">2017Natur.551..368L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature24476">10.1038/nature24476</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5973800">5973800</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29144465">29144465</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Parallel+palaeogenomic+transects+reveal+complex+genetic+history+of+early+European+farmers&rft.volume=551&rft.issue=7680&rft.pages=368-372&rft.date=2017-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5973800%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29144465&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature24476&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017Natur.551..368L&rft.aulast=Lipson&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5973800&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaden+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNarasimhan2019" class="citation journal cs1">Narasimhan, Vagheesh M. (September 6, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6822619">"The formation of human populations in South and Central Asia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i>. <b>365</b> (6457). <a href="/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science">American Association for the Advancement of Science</a>: eaat7487. <a href="/wiki/BioRxiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="BioRxiv (identifier)">bioRxiv</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1101%2F292581">10.1101/292581</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.aat7487">10.1126/science.aat7487</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6822619">6822619</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31488661">31488661</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=The+formation+of+human+populations+in+South+and+Central+Asia&rft.volume=365&rft.issue=6457&rft.pages=eaat7487&rft.date=2019-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6822619%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31488661&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.aat7487&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1101%2F292581%23id-name%3DbioRxiv&rft.aulast=Narasimhan&rft.aufirst=Vagheesh+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6822619&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaden+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatterson2022" class="citation journal cs1">Patterson, Nick; et al. (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04287-4_reference.pdf">"Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i>. <b>601</b> (7894): 588–594. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022Natur.601..588P">2022Natur.601..588P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41586-021-04287-4">10.1038/s41586-021-04287-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8889665">8889665</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34937049">34937049</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:245509501">245509501</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Large-scale+migration+into+Britain+during+the+Middle+to+Late+Bronze+Age&rft.volume=601&rft.issue=7894&rft.pages=588-594&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8889665%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A245509501%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2022Natur.601..588P&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34937049&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41586-021-04287-4&rft.aulast=Patterson&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft.au=Isakov%2C+Michael&rft.au=Booth%2C+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs41586-021-04287-4_reference.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaden+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Baden_culture" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Baden culture">Baden culture</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/EncyclopediaOfIndoEuropeanCulture/page/n79/mode/2up?q=Baden">Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture: Baden culture (p.43-44)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236166787_Bondar_Maria_Prehistoric_wagon_models_in_the_Carpathian_Basin_3500-1500_BC_Budapest_2012_Archaeolingua_Series_minor_32">Prehistoric wagon models in the Carpathian Basin, 3500-1500 BC (Bondar 2012)</a></li> <li><a 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Neolithic_Europe_(including_the_Chalcolithic)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neolithic_Europe" title="Template:Neolithic Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neolithic_Europe" title="Template talk:Neolithic Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neolithic_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neolithic Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Neolithic_Europe_(including_the_Chalcolithic)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Europe" title="Neolithic Europe">Neolithic Europe</a> <small>(including the <a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</a>)</small></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Mesolithic#Europe" title="Mesolithic">↑ Mesolithic Europe ↑</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Horizon_(archaeology)" title="Horizon (archaeology)">Horizons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardium_pottery" title="Cardium pottery">Cardium pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corded_Ware_culture" title="Corded Ware culture">Corded Ware culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Temperate_Neolithic" title="First Temperate Neolithic">First Temperate Neolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Pottery_culture" title="Linear Pottery culture">Linear Pottery culture</a> (LBK)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_culture" title="Archaeological culture">Cultures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Baden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaker_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Beaker culture">Beaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boian_culture" title="Boian culture">Boian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butmir_culture" title="Butmir culture">Butmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cernavod%C4%83_culture" title="Cernavodă culture">Cernavodă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerny_culture" title="Cerny culture">Cerny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chass%C3%A9en_culture" title="Chasséen culture">Chasséen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortaillod_culture" title="Cortaillod culture">Cortaillod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co%C8%9Bofeni_culture" title="Coțofeni culture">Coțofeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucuteni%E2%80%93Trypillia_culture" title="Cucuteni–Trypillia culture">Cucuteni–Trypillia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danilo_culture" title="Danilo culture">Danilo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decea_Mure%C5%9Fului_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Decea Mureşului culture">Decea Mureşului</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dude%C8%99ti_culture" title="Dudești culture">Dudești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funnelbeaker_culture" title="Funnelbeaker culture">Funnelbeaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudo_culture" title="Gaudo culture">Gaudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globular_Amphora_culture" title="Globular Amphora culture">Globular Amphora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorne%C8%99ti_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Gornești culture">Gornești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gumelni%C8%9Ba%E2%80%93Karanovo_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Gumelnița–Karanovo culture">Gumelnița–Karanovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamangia_culture" title="Hamangia culture">Hamangia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horgen_culture" title="Horgen culture">Horgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakanj_culture" title="Kakanj culture">Kakanj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karanovo_culture" title="Karanovo culture">Karanovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lengyel_culture" title="Lengyel culture">Lengyel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narva_culture" title="Narva culture">Narva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neman_culture" title="Neman culture">Neman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petre%C8%99ti_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrești culture">Petrești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit%E2%80%93Comb_Ware_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Pit–Comb Ware culture">Pit–Comb Ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitted_Ware_culture" title="Pitted Ware culture">Pitted Ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfyn_culture" title="Pfyn culture">Pfyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6ssen_culture" title="Rössen culture">Rössen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rzucewo_culture" title="Rzucewo culture">Rzucewo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seine%E2%80%93Oise%E2%80%93Marne_culture" title="Seine–Oise–Marne culture">Seine–Oise–Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesklo#Sesklo_culture" title="Sesklo">Sesklo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopot_culture" title="Sopot culture">Sopot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sredny_Stog_culture" title="Sredny Stog culture">Sredny Stog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star%C4%8Devo%E2%80%93K%C3%B6r%C3%B6s%E2%80%93Cri%C8%99_culture" title="Starčevo–Körös–Criș culture">Starčevo–Körös–Criș</a> <div class="hlist inline"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star%C4%8Devo_culture" title="Starčevo culture">Starčevo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6r%C3%B6s_culture" title="Körös culture">Körös</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cri%C5%9F_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Criş culture">Criş</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tisza_culture" title="Tisza culture">Tisza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiszapolg%C3%A1r_culture" title="Tiszapolgár culture">Tiszapolgár</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varna_culture" title="Varna culture">Varna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vin%C4%8Da_culture" title="Vinča culture">Vinča</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vu%C4%8Dedol_culture" title="Vučedol culture">Vučedol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wartberg_culture" title="Wartberg culture">Wartberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windmill_Hill_culture" title="Windmill Hill culture">Windmill Hill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Monumental<br /> architecture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_barrow" title="Bank barrow">Bank barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Causewayed_enclosure" title="Causewayed enclosure">Causewayed enclosure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cist" title="Cist">Cist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursus" title="Cursus">Cursus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolmen" title="Dolmen">Dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_dolmen" title="Great dolmen">Great dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardian_stones" title="Guardian stones">Guardian stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henge" title="Henge">Henge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_barrow" title="Long barrow">Long barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalith" title="Megalith">Megalith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_entrance" title="Megalithic entrance">Megalithic entrance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhir" title="Menhir">Menhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_grave" title="Passage grave">Passage grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygonal_dolmen" title="Polygonal dolmen">Polygonal dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectangular_dolmen" title="Rectangular dolmen">Rectangular dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_circular_enclosures_in_Central_Europe" title="Neolithic circular enclosures in Central Europe">Rondel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_barrow" title="Round barrow">Round barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_dolmen" title="Simple dolmen">Simple dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_menhir" title="Statue menhir">Statue menhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_circle" title="Stone circle">Stone circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_row" title="Stone row">Stone row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_circle" title="Timber circle">Timber circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor_enclosure" title="Tor enclosure">Tor enclosure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unchambered_long_barrow" title="Unchambered long barrow">Unchambered long barrow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_technology" title="Prehistoric technology">Technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grooved_ware" title="Grooved ware">Grooved ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_tool#Neolithic_industries" title="Stone tool">Lithic industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallurgy_during_the_Copper_Age_in_Europe" title="Metallurgy during the Copper Age in Europe">Metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_long_house" title="Neolithic long house">Neolithic long house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unstan_ware" title="Unstan ware">Unstan ware</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danubian_culture" title="Danubian culture">Danubian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_products_revolution" title="Secondary products revolution">Secondary products revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Europe_(archaeology)" title="Old Europe (archaeology)">Old Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Europeans" title="Proto-Indo-Europeans">Proto-Indo-Europeans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_Europe" title="Bronze Age Europe">↓ Bronze Age Europe ↓</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prehistoric_technology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prehistoric_technology" title="Template:Prehistoric technology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prehistoric_technology" title="Template talk:Prehistoric technology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prehistoric_technology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prehistoric technology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prehistoric_technology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_technology" title="Prehistoric technology">Prehistoric technology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory" title="Prehistory">Prehistory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_prehistory" title="Timeline of prehistory">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_prehistoric_technology" title="Outline of prehistoric technology">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Age" title="Stone Age">Stone Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-age_system#Stone_Age_subdivisions" title="Three-age system">Subdivisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">New Stone Age</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">Technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_technology" title="History of technology">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_archaeology" title="Glossary of archaeology">Glossary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Tools" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lithic_technology" title="Lithic technology">Tools</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture" title="History of agriculture">Farming</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution" title="Neolithic Revolution">Neolithic Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Founder_crops" title="Founder crops">Founder crops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_crops" title="New World crops">New World crops</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ard_(plough)" title="Ard (plough)">Ard / plough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celt_(tool)" title="Celt (tool)">Celt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digging_stick" title="Digging stick">Digging stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestication" title="Domestication">Domestication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goad" title="Goad">Goad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">Irrigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_products_revolution" title="Secondary products revolution">Secondary products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sickle" title="Sickle">Sickle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrace_(earthworks)" title="Terrace (earthworks)">Terracing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Food processing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Control_of_fire_by_early_humans" title="Control of fire by early humans">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basket" title="Basket">Basket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooking" title="Cooking">Cooking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earth_oven" title="Earth oven">Earth oven</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granary" title="Granary">Granaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grinding_slab" title="Grinding slab">Grinding slab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_stone" title="Ground stone">Ground stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hearth" title="Hearth">Hearth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%C5%9F%C4%B1kl%C4%B1_H%C3%B6y%C3%BCk#Hearths" title="Aşıklı Höyük">Aşıklı Höyük</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qesem_cave#Fire" title="Qesem cave">Qesem cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mano_(stone)" title="Mano (stone)">Manos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metate" title="Metate">Metate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortar_and_pestle" title="Mortar and pestle">Mortar and pestle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quern-stone" title="Quern-stone">Quern-stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_storage_pits" title="Prehistoric storage pits">Storage pits</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Hunting_hypothesis" title="Hunting hypothesis">Hunting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrow" title="Arrow">Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boomerang" title="Boomerang">Boomerang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Throwing_stick" title="Throwing stick">throwing stick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_and_arrow" title="Bow and arrow">Bow and arrow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_archery" title="History of archery">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravettian#Hunting" title="Gravettian">Nets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spear" title="Spear">Spear</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spear-thrower" title="Spear-thrower">spear-thrower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baton_fragment_(Palart_310)" title="Baton fragment (Palart 310)">baton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpoon" title="Harpoon">harpoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%B6ningen_spears" title="Schöningen spears">Schöningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woomera_(spear-thrower)" title="Woomera (spear-thrower)">woomera</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Projectile_point" title="Projectile point">Projectile points</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrowhead" title="Arrowhead">Arrowhead</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_arrowhead" title="Transverse arrowhead">Transverse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bare_Island_projectile_point" title="Bare Island projectile point">Bare Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_point" title="Cascade point">Cascade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_point" title="Clovis point">Clovis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creswellian_culture" title="Creswellian culture">Cresswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_point" title="Cumberland point">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eden_point" title="Eden point">Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folsom_point" title="Folsom point">Folsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamoka_projectile_point" title="Lamoka projectile point">Lamoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manis_Mastodon_site" title="Manis Mastodon site">Manis Mastodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plano_point" title="Plano point">Plano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Game_drive_system" title="Game drive system">Game drive system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_jump" title="Buffalo jump">Buffalo jump</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Lithic_technology" title="Lithic technology">Toolmaking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industry_(archaeology)" title="Industry (archaeology)">Earliest toolmaking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oldowan" title="Oldowan">Oldowan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acheulean" title="Acheulean">Acheulean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mousterian" title="Mousterian">Mousterian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurignacian" title="Aurignacian">Aurignacian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_culture" title="Clovis culture">Clovis culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupstone" title="Cupstone">Cupstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_hardening" title="Fire hardening">Fire hardening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravettian" title="Gravettian">Gravettian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafting" title="Hafting">Hafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_axe" title="Hand axe">Hand axe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grooves_(archaeology)" title="Grooves (archaeology)">Grooves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdale_axe_industry" title="Langdale axe industry">Langdale axe industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levallois_technique" title="Levallois technique">Levallois technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_core" title="Lithic core">Lithic core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_reduction" title="Lithic reduction">Lithic reduction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_analysis" title="Lithic analysis">analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debitage" title="Debitage">debitage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_flake" title="Lithic flake">flake</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_technology" title="Lithic technology">Lithic technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdalenian" title="Magdalenian">Magdalenian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrous_metallurgy" title="Ferrous metallurgy">Metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microblade_technology" title="Microblade technology">Microblade technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grime%27s_Graves" title="Grime's Graves">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prepared-core_technique" title="Prepared-core technique">Prepared-core technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solutrean" title="Solutrean">Solutrean industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striking_platform" title="Striking platform">Striking platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tool_stone" title="Tool stone">Tool stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniface" title="Uniface">Uniface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yubetsu_technique" title="Yubetsu technique">Yubetsu technique</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">Other tools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adze" title="Adze">Adze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stitching_awl" title="Stitching awl">Awl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gravettian#Use_of_animal_remains" title="Gravettian">bone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axe" title="Axe">Axe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bannerstone" title="Bannerstone">Bannerstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blade_(archaeology)" title="Blade (archaeology)">Blade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prismatic_blade" title="Prismatic blade">prismatic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bone_tool" title="Bone tool">Bone tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_drill" title="Bow drill">Bow drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burin_(lithic_flake)" title="Burin (lithic flake)">Burin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe#History" title="Canoe">Canoe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oar" title="Oar">Oar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesse_canoe" title="Pesse canoe">Pesse canoe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopper_(archaeology)" title="Chopper (archaeology)">Chopper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chopping_tool" title="Chopping tool">tool</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleaver_(Stone_Age_tool)" title="Cleaver (Stone Age tool)">Cleaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denticulate_tool" title="Denticulate tool">Denticulate tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_plough" title="Fire plough">Fire plough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-saw" title="Fire-saw">Fire-saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammerstone" title="Hammerstone">Hammerstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knife" title="Knife">Knife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microlith" title="Microlith">Microlith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quern-stone" title="Quern-stone">Quern-stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racloir" title="Racloir">Racloir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope" title="Rope">Rope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scraper_(archaeology)" title="Scraper (archaeology)">Scraper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grattoir_de_c%C3%B4t%C3%A9" title="Grattoir de côté">side</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_tool" title="Stone tool">Stone tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tally_stick#Paleolithic_tally_sticks" title="Tally stick">Tally stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_weapons#Copper_Age" title="History of weapons">Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel" title="Wheel">Wheel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bronocice_pot" title="Bronocice pot">illustration</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Architecture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_architecture" title="History of architecture">Architecture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Ceremonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiva" title="Kiva">Kiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid" title="Pyramid">Pyramid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhir" title="Menhir">Standing stones</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Megalith" title="Megalith">megalith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_row" title="Stone row">row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonehenge" title="Stonehenge">Stonehenge</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Dwellings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_architecture" title="Neolithic architecture">Neolithic architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_long_house" title="Neolithic long house">long house</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_megalith_architecture" title="British megalith architecture">British megalith architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_megalith_architecture" title="Nordic megalith architecture">Nordic megalith architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burdei" title="Burdei">Burdei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff_dwelling" title="Cliff dwelling">Cliff dwelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugout_(shelter)" title="Dugout (shelter)">Dugout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hut" title="Hut">Hut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quiggly_hole" title="Quiggly hole">Quiggly hole</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacal" title="Jacal">Jacal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhouse" title="Longhouse">Longhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudbrick" title="Mudbrick">Mudbrick</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh#Lifestyle_and_technology" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit-house" title="Pit-house">Pit-house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_pueblitos" title="Navajo pueblitos">Pueblitos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo" title="Pueblo">Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_shelter" title="Rock shelter">Rock shelter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blombos_Cave" title="Blombos Cave">Blombos Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abri_de_la_Madeleine" title="Abri de la Madeleine">Abri de la Madeleine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibudu_Cave" title="Sibudu Cave">Sibudu Cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundhouse_(dwelling)" title="Roundhouse (dwelling)">Roundhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stilt_house" title="Stilt house">Stilt house</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_pile_dwellings_around_the_Alps" title="Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps">Alp pile dwellings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ness_of_Brodgar" title="Ness of Brodgar">Stone roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattle_and_daub" title="Wattle and daub">Wattle and daub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Water management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Check_dam" title="Check dam">Check dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistern" title="Cistern">Cistern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flush_toilet#History" title="Flush toilet">Flush toilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reservoir" title="Reservoir">Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well" title="Well">Well</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Other architecture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feature_(archaeology)" title="Feature (archaeology)">Archaeological features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broch" title="Broch">Broch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnt_mound" title="Burnt mound">Burnt mound</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fulacht_fiadh" title="Fulacht fiadh">fulacht fiadh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Causewayed_enclosure" title="Causewayed enclosure">Causewayed enclosure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tor_enclosure" title="Tor enclosure">Tor enclosure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_circular_enclosures_in_Central_Europe" title="Neolithic circular enclosures in Central Europe">Circular enclosure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goseck_Circle" title="Goseck Circle">Goseck</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursus" title="Cursus">Cursus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henge" title="Henge">Henge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thornborough_Henges" title="Thornborough Henges">Thornborough</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_architectural_elements" title="Megalithic architectural elements">Megalithic architectural elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midden" title="Midden">Midden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_extant_buildings" title="List of oldest extant buildings">Oldest extant buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_circle" title="Timber circle">Timber circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_trackway" class="mw-redirect" title="Timber trackway">Timber trackway</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Track" title="Sweet Track">Sweet Track</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Arts_and_culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art" title="Prehistoric art">Arts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_culture" title="Archaeological culture">culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">Material goods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basket_weaving" title="Basket weaving">Baskets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beadwork" title="Beadwork">Beadwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bed#History" title="Bed">Beds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles" title="History of clothing and textiles">Clothing/textiles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology" title="Timeline of clothing and textiles technology">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_cosmetics" title="History of cosmetics">Cosmetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Stone_Age" title="Middle Stone Age">Glue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_hide_materials" title="History of hide materials">Hides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shoe#History" title="Shoe">shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96tzi#Clothes_and_shoes" title="Ötzi">Ötzi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewellery#History" title="Jewellery">Jewelry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amber#Use" title="Amber">amber use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirror#History" title="Mirror">Mirrors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery#History" title="Pottery">Pottery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardium_pottery" title="Cardium pottery">Cardium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cord-marked_pottery" title="Cord-marked pottery">Cord-marked</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grooved_ware" title="Grooved ware">Grooved ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_pottery" title="Jōmon pottery">Jōmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Pottery_culture" title="Linear Pottery culture">Linear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unstan_ware" title="Unstan ware">Unstan ware</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewing_needle#History" title="Sewing needle">Sewing needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">Weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">Wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Areni-1_winery" title="Areni-1 winery">winery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_wine_press#Early_history" title="History of the wine press">wine press</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art" title="Prehistoric art">Prehistoric art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Upper_Paleolithic" title="Art of the Upper Paleolithic">Art of the Upper Paleolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Middle_Paleolithic" title="Art of the Middle Paleolithic">Art of the Middle Paleolithic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blombos_Cave#Archaeological_remains_and_material_culture_from_the_Middle_Stone_Age_levels" title="Blombos Cave">Blombos Cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Stone_Age_art" title="List of Stone Age art">List of Stone Age art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_stone" title="Bird stone">Bird stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairn" title="Cairn">Cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carved_stone_balls" title="Carved stone balls">Carved stone balls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_painting" title="Cave painting">Cave paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cup_and_ring_mark" title="Cup and ring mark">Cup and ring mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoglyph" title="Geoglyph">Geoglyph</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hill_figure" title="Hill figure">Hill figure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_hat" title="Golden hat">Golden hats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardian_stones" title="Guardian stones">Guardian stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwion_Gwion_rock_paintings" title="Gwion Gwion rock paintings">Gwion Gwion rock paintings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_painting#Pre-history" title="History of painting">painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigment#History" title="Pigment">pigment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_art" title="Megalithic art">Megalithic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroform" title="Petroform">Petroform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroglyph" title="Petroglyph">Petroglyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrosomatoglyph" title="Petrosomatoglyph">Petrosomatoglyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictogram" title="Pictogram">Pictogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_art" title="Rock art">Rock art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_cupule" title="Rock cupule">Rock cupule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_carving" title="Stone carving">Stone carving</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture#Prehistoric_periods" title="Sculpture">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_menhir" title="Statue menhir">Statue menhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_circle" title="Stone circle">Stone circle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stone_circles" title="List of stone circles">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_circles_in_the_British_Isles_and_Brittany" title="Stone circles in the British Isles and Brittany">British Isles and Brittany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurine" title="Venus figurine">Venus figurine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" title="Paleolithic religion">Burial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tumulus" title="Tumulus">Burial mounds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowl_barrow" title="Bowl barrow">Bowl barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_barrow" title="Round barrow">Round barrow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mound_Builders" title="Mound Builders">Mound Builders culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_burial_mounds_in_the_United_States" title="List of burial mounds in the United States">U.S. sites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_tomb" title="Chamber tomb">Chamber tomb</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cotswold-Severn_Group" title="Cotswold-Severn Group">Cotswold-Severn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cist" title="Cist">Cist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dartmoor_kistvaens" title="Dartmoor kistvaens">Dartmoor kistvaens</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clava_cairn" title="Clava cairn">Clava cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_cairn" title="Court cairn">Court cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cremation#History" title="Cremation">Cremation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolmen" title="Dolmen">Dolmen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_dolmen" title="Great dolmen">Great dolmen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyre" title="Pyre">Funeral pyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallery_grave" title="Gallery grave">Gallery grave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transepted_gallery_grave" class="mw-redirect" title="Transepted gallery grave">transepted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedge-shaped_gallery_grave" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedge-shaped gallery grave">wedge-shaped</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grave_goods" title="Grave goods">Grave goods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jar_burial" title="Jar burial">Jar burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_barrow" title="Long barrow">Long barrow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unchambered_long_barrow" title="Unchambered long barrow">unchambered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%B8nsalen" title="Grønsalen">Grønsalen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_tomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Megalithic tomb">Megalithic tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummy" title="Mummy">Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_grave" title="Passage grave">Passage grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectangular_dolmen" title="Rectangular dolmen">Rectangular dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_cairn" title="Ring cairn">Ring cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_dolmen" title="Simple dolmen">Simple dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_box_grave" title="Stone box grave">Stone box grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor_cairn" title="Tor cairn">Tor cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unchambered_long_cairn" title="Unchambered long cairn">Unchambered long cairn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Other cultural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeoastronomy" title="Archaeoastronomy">Archaeoastronomy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeoastronomical_sites_by_country" title="List of archaeoastronomical sites by country">sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">lunar calendar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_modernity" title="Behavioral modernity">Behavioral modernity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_musicology" title="Evolutionary musicology">Evolutionary musicology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_archaeology" title="Music archaeology">music archaeology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_origin_of_religion" title="Evolutionary origin of religion">Evolutionary origin of religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" title="Paleolithic religion">Paleolithic religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_religion" title="Prehistoric religion">Prehistoric religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entheogenic_drugs_and_the_archaeological_record" title="Entheogenic drugs and the archaeological record">Spiritual drug use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_language" title="Origin of language">Origin of language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_counting" title="Prehistoric counting">Prehistoric counting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_medicine" title="Prehistoric medicine">Prehistoric medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trepanning" title="Trepanning">trepanning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_music" title="Prehistoric music">Prehistoric music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alligator_drum" title="Alligator drum">Alligator drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_flute" title="Paleolithic flute">flutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divje_Babe_flute" title="Divje Babe flute">Divje Babe flute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudi_(instrument)" title="Gudi (instrument)">gudi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_warfare" title="Prehistoric warfare">Prehistoric warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diepkloof_Rock_Shelter" title="Diepkloof Rock Shelter">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Howiesons_Poort#Symbolism" title="Howiesons Poort">symbolism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q687230#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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