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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-historical_prehistories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Post-historical prehistories </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-historical_prehistories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" 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Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" > 14 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE" title="التسلسل الزمني لما قبل التاريخ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="التسلسل الزمني لما قبل التاريخ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADnea_temporal_de_la_prehistoria_humana" title="Línea temporal de la prehistoria humana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Línea temporal de la prehistoria humana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%A0%EC%82%AC%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80%EC%82%AC_%EC%97%B0%ED%91%9C" title="선사시대사 연표 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="선사시대사 연표" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronologie_del_prehistorie" title="Cronologie del prehistorie – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Cronologie del prehistorie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%96%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA" title="ציר הזמן של הפרהיסטוריה של האנושות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ציר הזמן של הפרהיסטוריה של האנושות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edas_de_preistoria" title="Edas de preistoria – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Edas de preistoria" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D11%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80%E4%BB%A5%E5%89%8D" title="紀元前11千年紀以前 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="紀元前11千年紀以前" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre%C3%AFst%C3%B2ria_(cronologia)" title="Preïstòria (cronologia) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Preïstòria (cronologia)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odam_tarixini_oldingi_davri" title="Odam tarixini oldingi davri – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Odam tarixini oldingi davri" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronologia_da_pr%C3%A9-hist%C3%B3ria_humana" title="Cronologia da pré-história humana – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cronologia da pré-história humana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_prehistory" title="Timeline of prehistory – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Timeline of prehistory" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="மனிதனின் வரலாற்றுக்கு முந்தைய காலக்கோடு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மனிதனின் வரலாற்றுக்கு முந்தைய காலக்கோடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" 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class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:World_history" title="Category:World history">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Human_history" title="Human history">Human history</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prehistory" title="Prehistory">prehistory</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> ↑ <a href="/wiki/Australopithecine" title="Australopithecine">before Homo</a>   (<a href="/wiki/Pliocene" title="Pliocene">Pliocene epoch</a>)</td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Prehistory" title="Prehistory">Prehistory</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Stone_Age" title="Stone Age">Stone Age</a></dt> <dd> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Lower_Paleolithic" title="Lower Paleolithic">Lower Paleolithic</a></dt> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homo" title="Homo">Homo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Homo_erectus" title="Homo erectus">Homo erectus</a></li></ul></div></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Middle_Paleolithic" title="Middle Paleolithic">Middle Paleolithic</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Archaic_humans" title="Archaic humans">Early Homo sapiens</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Upper_Paleolithic" title="Upper Paleolithic">Upper Paleolithic</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_modernity" title="Behavioral modernity">Behavioral modernity</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epipalaeolithic" title="Epipalaeolithic">Epipalaeolithic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a></li></ul></div> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cradle_of_civilization" title="Cradle of civilization">Cradle of civilization</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Protohistory" title="Protohistory">Protohistory</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Copper Age</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a></dt> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_Europe" title="Bronze Age Europe">Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Near_East#Bronze_Age" title="Ancient Near East">Near East</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_India" title="Bronze Age India">South Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age#East_Asia" title="Bronze Age">East Asia</a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Late_Bronze_Age_collapse" title="Late Bronze Age collapse">Bronze Age collapse</a> </dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a></dt> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Age_Europe" title="Iron Age Europe">Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Near_East#Iron_Age" title="Ancient Near East">Near East</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Age_in_India" title="Iron Age in India">South Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Age_in_India" title="Iron Age in India">Southeast Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Age#East_Asia" title="Iron Age">East Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Iron_metallurgy_in_Africa" title="Iron metallurgy in Africa">West Africa</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Recorded_history" title="Recorded history">Recorded history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">Ancient history</a></dt> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing" title="History of writing">Earliest records</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Protohistory" title="Protohistory">Protohistory</a></li></ul></div></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Post-classical_history" title="Post-classical history">Post-classical history</a></dt> <dt><a href="/wiki/Modern_era" title="Modern era">Modern history</a></dt> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_period" title="Early modern period">Early</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_history" title="Contemporary history">Contemporary</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;background:#efefef;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> ↓ <a href="/wiki/Future" title="Future">Future</a>   (<a href="/wiki/Holocene" title="Holocene">Holocene epoch</a>)</td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Human_history_and_prehistory" title="Template:Human history and prehistory"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Human_history_and_prehistory" title="Template talk:Human history and prehistory"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Human_history_and_prehistory" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Human history and prehistory"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> This timeline of prehistory covers the time from the appearance of <a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo sapiens">Homo sapiens</a> approximately 315,000 years ago in Africa to the <a href="/wiki/History_of_writing" title="History of writing">invention of writing</a>, over 5,000 years ago, with the earliest records going back to 3,200 BC. <a href="/wiki/Prehistory" title="Prehistory">Prehistory</a> covers the time from the <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic" title="Paleolithic">Paleolithic</a> (Old Stone Age) to the beginning of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">ancient history</a>. All dates are approximate and subject to revision based on new discoveries or analyses. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Middle_Paleolithic">Middle Paleolithic</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_prehistory&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Middle Paleolithic">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Middle_Paleolithic" title="Middle Paleolithic">Middle Paleolithic</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_human_evolution#Homo_sapiens" title="Timeline of human evolution">Timeline of human evolution § Homo sapiens</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_human_evolution_fossils#Middle_Paleolithic" title="List of human evolution fossils">List of human evolution fossils § Middle Paleolithic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_first_human_settlements#Middle_Paleolithic" title="List of first human settlements">List of first human settlements § Middle Paleolithic</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For earlier evolutionary history, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_human_evolution" title="Timeline of human evolution">Timeline of human evolution</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_natural_history" title="Timeline of natural history">Timeline of natural history</a>.</div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Terra-Amata-Hut.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Terra-Amata-Hut.gif/250px-Terra-Amata-Hut.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Terra-Amata-Hut.gif/375px-Terra-Amata-Hut.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Terra-Amata-Hut.gif/500px-Terra-Amata-Hut.gif 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="804" /></a><figcaption>Postulated reconstruction of a Terra Amata hut<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Neandertal_Jewelry_(from_PLoS).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Neandertal_Jewelry_%28from_PLoS%29.jpg/220px-Neandertal_Jewelry_%28from_PLoS%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Neandertal_Jewelry_%28from_PLoS%29.jpg/330px-Neandertal_Jewelry_%28from_PLoS%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Neandertal_Jewelry_%28from_PLoS%29.jpg/440px-Neandertal_Jewelry_%28from_PLoS%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="2023" /></a><figcaption>Speculative reconstruction of 130,000 year old <a href="/wiki/White-tailed_eagle" title="White-tailed eagle">white-tailed eagle</a> talon jewellery from the <a href="/wiki/Krapina_Neanderthal_site" title="Krapina Neanderthal site">Krapina Neanderthal site</a>, Croatia (arrows indicate cut marks)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>320 <a href="/wiki/Kya_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kya (unit)">kya</a> - 305 kya: Populations at <a href="/wiki/Olorgesailie" title="Olorgesailie">Olorgesailie</a> in Southern <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> undergo technological improvements in tool making and engage in long-distance <a href="/wiki/Trade" title="Trade">trade</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></li> <li>315 kya: Approximate date of appearance of <a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo sapiens">Homo sapiens</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jebel_Irhoud" title="Jebel Irhoud">Jebel Irhoud</a>, Morocco).<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></li> <li>270 kya: Age of <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_A_(Y-DNA)#A00_(A00-AF6)" title="Haplogroup A (Y-DNA)">Y-DNA haplogroup A00</a> ("<a href="/wiki/Y-chromosomal_Adam" title="Y-chromosomal Adam">Y-chromosomal Adam</a>").<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></li> <li>250 kya: First appearance of <a href="/wiki/Homo_neanderthalensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo neanderthalensis">Homo neanderthalensis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Saccopastore_skulls" title="Saccopastore skulls">Saccopastore skulls</a>).<a href="#cite_note-endicott-5">[5]</a></li> <li>230 kya: Latest proposed date for the <a href="/wiki/Terra_Amata_(archaeological_site)" title="Terra Amata (archaeological site)">Terra Amata</a> site, home of the first confirmed purpose-built structure and probably made by <a href="/wiki/Homo_heidelbergensis" title="Homo heidelbergensis">Homo heidelbergensis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></li> <li>230 kya - 150 kya: Age of <a href="/wiki/Macro-haplogroup_L" title="Macro-haplogroup L">mt-DNA haplogroup L</a> ("<a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_Eve" title="Mitochondrial Eve">Mitochondrial Eve</a>").</li> <li>210 kya: Modern human presence in southeast Europe (Apidima, Greece).<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></li> <li>200 kya: Oldest known grass <a href="/wiki/Bed" title="Bed">bedding</a>, including <a href="/wiki/List_of_pest-repelling_plants" title="List of pest-repelling plants">insect-repellent plants</a> and ash layers beneath (possibly for a dirt-free, insulated base and to keep away arthropods).<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></li> <li>195 kya: <a href="/wiki/Omo_remains" title="Omo remains">Omo remains</a> (Ethiopia).<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></li> <li>194 kya - 177 kya: Modern human presence in West Asia (<a href="/wiki/Misliya_Cave" title="Misliya Cave">Misliya Cave</a> in Israel).<a href="#cite_note-SCI-20180126-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20180125-13">[13]</a></li> <li>170 kya: Humans are wearing <a href="/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles" title="History of clothing and textiles">clothing</a> by this date.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></li> <li>164 kya: Humans diet expands to include marine resources<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></li> <li>160 kya: <a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens_idaltu" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo sapiens idaltu">Homo sapiens idaltu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Clark2003-16">[16]</a></li> <li>150 kya: <a href="/wiki/Peopling_of_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Peopling of Africa">Peopling of Africa</a>: <a href="/wiki/Khoisan#Origins" title="Khoisan">Khoisanid</a> separation, age of <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_L0" title="Haplogroup L0">mtDNA haplogroup L0</a>.</li> <li>139 ± 17 kya: Levallois core reductions, pointed tools and a variety of retouched artefacts at Retlapalle, India.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></li> <li>130 kya: Oldest evidence of ancient seafaring, from <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a> (an island isolated from land for millions of years prior to human arrival).<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></li> <li>125 kya: The peak of the <a href="/wiki/Eemian" class="mw-redirect" title="Eemian">Eemian</a> interglacial period.</li> <li>120 kya: Possibly the earliest evidence of <a href="/wiki/Symbolic_culture" title="Symbolic culture">use</a> of <a href="/wiki/Origin_of_language#Homo_sapiens" title="Origin of language">symbols</a> etched onto bone.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></li> <li>120 kya: Use of marine shells for personal decoration by humans, including <a href="/wiki/Neandertals" class="mw-redirect" title="Neandertals">Neandertals</a>.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></li> <li>120 kya - 90 kya: <a href="/wiki/Abbassia_Pluvial" title="Abbassia Pluvial">Abbassia Pluvial</a> in North Africa—the Sahara desert region is wet and fertile.</li> <li>120 kya - 75 kya: <a href="/wiki/Khoisanid" class="mw-redirect" title="Khoisanid">Khoisanid</a> back-migration from Southern Africa to East Africa.<a href="#cite_note-Rito_etal_2013-24">[24]</a></li> <li>100 kya: Earliest structures in the world (sandstone blocks set in a semi-circle with an oval foundation) built in Egypt close to <a href="/wiki/Wadi_Halfa" title="Wadi Halfa">Wadi Halfa</a> near the modern <a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Sudan_border" title="Egypt–Sudan border">border with Sudan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></li> <li>80 kya - 70 kya: <a href="/wiki/Recent_African_origin_of_modern_humans" title="Recent African origin of modern humans">Recent African origin</a>: <a href="/wiki/Southern_Dispersal" title="Southern Dispersal">separation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_Sub-Saharan_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic history of Sub-Saharan Africa">sub-Saharan Africans</a> and non-Africans.</li> <li>75 kya: <a href="/wiki/Youngest_Toba_eruption#Possible_effects_on_Homo" title="Youngest Toba eruption">Eruption of the Toba supervolcano</a>. It was originally thought that this event led to a genetic bottleneck in humans and perhaps other species, but more recent evidence makes this doubtful.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></li> <li>70 kya: Earliest example of abstract art or symbolic art from <a href="/wiki/Blombos_Cave" title="Blombos Cave">Blombos Cave</a>, South Africa—stones engraved with grid or cross-hatch patterns.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Upper_Paleolithic">Upper Paleolithic</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_prehistory&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Upper Paleolithic">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Upper_Paleolithic" title="Upper Paleolithic">Upper Paleolithic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Late_Stone_Age" title="Late Stone Age">Late Stone Age</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_human_evolution_fossils#Upper_Paleolithic" title="List of human evolution fossils">List of human evolution fossils § Upper Paleolithic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_first_human_settlements#Upper_Paleolithic" title="List of first human settlements">List of first human settlements § Upper Paleolithic</a></div> "Epipaleolithic" or "Mesolithic" are terms for a transitional period between the Last Glacial Maximum and the Neolithic Revolution in Old World (Eurasian) cultures. <ul><li>80 kya - 40 kya: Evidence of Australian Aboriginal Culture.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></li> <li>67 kya - 40 kya: <a href="/wiki/Neanderthal_admixture" class="mw-redirect" title="Neanderthal admixture">Neanderthal admixture</a> to Eurasians.</li> <li>65 kya - 50 kya: Oldest site of human habitation in Australia, at <a href="/wiki/Madjedbebe" title="Madjedbebe">Madjedbebe</a>.</li> <li>50 kya: Earliest evidence of a <a href="/wiki/Sewing_needle" title="Sewing needle">sewing needle</a>. Made and used by <a href="/wiki/Denisovan" title="Denisovan">Denisovans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></li> <li>50 kya - 30 kya: <a href="/wiki/Mousterian_Pluvial" title="Mousterian Pluvial">Mousterian Pluvial</a> in North Africa. The <a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahara</a> region is wet and fertile. <a href="/wiki/Late_Stone_Age" title="Late Stone Age">Late Stone Age</a> begins in Africa.</li> <li>c. 50 kya: <a href="/wiki/Denisova_hominin" class="mw-redirect" title="Denisova hominin">Denisova hominin</a> lives in the <a href="/wiki/Altai_Mountains" title="Altai Mountains">Altai Mountains</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Pääbo_et_al.-31">[31]</a> With oldest estimated to be c. 76 kya.<a href="#cite_note-Douka-32">[32]</a></li> <li>45 kya: The earliest known <a href="/wiki/Representation_(arts)" title="Representation (arts)">representational art</a>: a painting of three <a href="/wiki/Celebes_warty_pig" title="Celebes warty pig">Celebes warty pigs</a> in Leang Tedongnge cave, <a href="/wiki/Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></li> <li>45 kya - 43 kya: The first waves of Homo sapiens arrive in Europe, comprising the <a href="/wiki/Early_European_modern_humans" class="mw-redirect" title="Early European modern humans">Early European modern humans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-IceAgeEurope-35">[35]</a></li> <li>45 kya - 40 kya: <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2telperronian" title="Châtelperronian">Châtelperronian</a> cultures in France.<a href="#cite_note-Nature_timing_of_Neantherthal_disappearance-36">[36]</a></li> <li>42 kya: Time frame of the <a href="/wiki/Laschamp_event" title="Laschamp event">Laschamp event</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Geomagnetic_excursion" title="Geomagnetic excursion">geomagnetic excursion</a> studied and one of the few full <a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_magnetic_field" title="Earth's magnetic field">global magnetic field</a> reversals known. Although many effects upon life on Earth and human evolution from the increase in <a href="/wiki/Cosmic_rays" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmic rays">cosmic rays</a> have been tentatively proposed, the effects are not considered to have been strong enough (further refuted by <a href="/wiki/Paleoecology" title="Paleoecology">paleoecological evidence</a>) to have significantly affected natural or human history.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></li> <li>42 kya: <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_flutes" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleolithic flutes">Paleolithic flutes</a> in Germany.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></li> <li>42 kya: Earliest evidence of advanced deep sea fishing technology at the <a href="/wiki/Jerimalai_(cave)" title="Jerimalai (cave)">Jerimalai</a> cave site in <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a>—demonstrates high-level maritime skills and by implication the technology needed to make ocean crossings to reach Australia and other islands, as they were catching and consuming large numbers of big deep sea fish such as tuna.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></li> <li>40 kya: <a href="/wiki/Neanderthal_extinction" title="Neanderthal extinction">Extinction of Homo neanderthalensis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Nature_timing_of_Neantherthal_disappearance-36">[36]</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Decorated_shell_from_Cueva_Ant%C3%B3n.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Decorated_shell_from_Cueva_Ant%C3%B3n.jpg/220px-Decorated_shell_from_Cueva_Ant%C3%B3n.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Decorated_shell_from_Cueva_Ant%C3%B3n.jpg/330px-Decorated_shell_from_Cueva_Ant%C3%B3n.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Decorated_shell_from_Cueva_Ant%C3%B3n.jpg/440px-Decorated_shell_from_Cueva_Ant%C3%B3n.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2181" data-file-height="1598" /></a><figcaption>Painted <a href="/wiki/King_scallop" class="mw-redirect" title="King scallop">king scallop</a> ornament (likely <a href="/wiki/Neanderthals" class="mw-redirect" title="Neanderthals">Neanderthal</a>) from <a href="/wiki/Cueva_Ant%C3%B3n" title="Cueva Antón">Cueva Antón</a>, 43,000 years ago.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Loewenmensch2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Loewenmensch2.jpg/170px-Loewenmensch2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Loewenmensch2.jpg/255px-Loewenmensch2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Loewenmensch2.jpg/340px-Loewenmensch2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1812" data-file-height="3221" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lion-man" title="Lion-man">Lion-man</a> sculpture (<a href="/wiki/Aurignacian" title="Aurignacian">Aurignacian</a>, 40,000–35,000 years old)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>40 kya: <a href="/wiki/Aurignacian" title="Aurignacian">Aurignacian</a> culture begins in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></li> <li>40 kya: Oldest known <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleolithic art">figurative art</a> the <a href="/wiki/Zoomorphism" title="Zoomorphism">zoomorphic</a> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6wenmensch_figurine" class="mw-redirect" title="Löwenmensch figurine">Löwenmensch figurine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></li> <li>40 kya: Oldest known <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleolithic art">figurative art</a> of a human figure as opposed to a zoomorphic figure (<a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Hohle_Fels" title="Venus of Hohle Fels">Venus of Hohle Fels</a>).<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></li></ul> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bradshaw_rock_paintings.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bradshaw_rock_paintings.jpg/230px-Bradshaw_rock_paintings.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bradshaw_rock_paintings.jpg/345px-Bradshaw_rock_paintings.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bradshaw_rock_paintings.jpg/460px-Bradshaw_rock_paintings.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gwion_Gwion_rock_paintings" title="Gwion Gwion rock paintings">Gwion Gwion rock paintings</a> found in the north-west <a href="/wiki/Kimberley_region_of_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kimberley region of Western Australia">Kimberley region of Western Australia</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grotte_de_Rouff_mammut.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Grotte_de_Rouff_mammut.jpg/220px-Grotte_de_Rouff_mammut.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Grotte_de_Rouff_mammut.jpg/330px-Grotte_de_Rouff_mammut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Grotte_de_Rouff_mammut.jpg/440px-Grotte_de_Rouff_mammut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="793" data-file-height="515" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Magdalenian" title="Magdalenian">Magdalenian</a> cave paintings of a <a href="/wiki/Woolly_mammoth" title="Woolly mammoth">woolly mammoth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ibex" title="Ibex">ibex</a> from <a href="/wiki/Rouffignac_Cave" title="Rouffignac Cave">Rouffignac Cave</a>, France</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>40 kya - 30 kya: First human settlements formed by <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians" title="Aboriginal Australians">Aboriginal Australians</a> in several areas that are today the cities of <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Settlers'_history_rewritten-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-Aboriginal_people_and_place-45">[45]</a> <a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></li> <li>40 kya - 20 kya: Oldest known ritual <a href="/wiki/Cremation" title="Cremation">cremation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mungo_Lady" class="mw-redirect" title="Mungo Lady">Mungo Lady</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Lake_Mungo" title="Lake Mungo">Lake Mungo</a>, Australia.<a href="#cite_note-pmid16468208-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></li> <li>37 kya: A population of <a href="/wiki/Basal_Eurasian" title="Basal Eurasian">Basal Eurasians</a> migrate to Europe. Unlike the <a href="/wiki/Early_European_modern_humans" class="mw-redirect" title="Early European modern humans">Early European modern humans</a> that inhabited Europe earlier, these populations form part of the ancestry of modern Europe.<a href="#cite_note-IceAgeEurope-35">[35]</a></li> <li>36 kya: Evidence of humans using <a href="/wiki/Natural_fiber" title="Natural fiber">fibers</a> in a cave in present-day <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-z7j8v-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-90SHV-51">[51]</a></li> <li>33 kya: Earliest evidence of humanoids in Ireland.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></li> <li>33 kya - 22 kya: <a href="/wiki/Gravettian" title="Gravettian">Gravettian</a> period in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-Jacobi2009-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></li> <li>31 kya: <a href="/wiki/Earth_oven" title="Earth oven">Earth ovens</a> in Central Europe.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></li> <li>31 kya - 16 kya: <a href="/wiki/Last_Glacial_Maximum" title="Last Glacial Maximum">Last Glacial Maximum</a> (peak at 26,500 years ago).<a href="#cite_note-BarrellEtAl2013QSR-56">[56]</a></li> <li>30 kya: Rock paintings tradition begins in <a href="/wiki/Bhimbetka_rock_shelters" title="Bhimbetka rock shelters">Bhimbetka rock shelters</a> in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, which presently as a collection is the densest known concentration of rock art. In an area about 10 km2, there are about 800 rock shelters of which 500 contain paintings.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></li> <li>28.5 kya: <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a> is populated by colonists from Asia or Australia.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></li> <li>28 kya: Oldest known twisted <a href="/wiki/Rope" title="Rope">rope</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></li> <li>28 kya - 24 kya: Oldest known pottery—used to make figurines rather than cooking or storage vessels (<a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Doln%C3%AD_V%C4%9Bstonice" title="Venus of Dolní Věstonice">Venus of Dolní Věstonice</a>).<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a></li> <li>25 kya: A hamlet consisting of huts built of rocks and of <a href="/wiki/Mammoth" title="Mammoth">mammoth</a> bones is founded in what is now <a href="/wiki/Doln%C3%AD_V%C4%9Bstonice" title="Dolní Věstonice">Dolní Věstonice</a> in <a href="/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia">Moravia</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doln%C3%AD_V%C4%9Bstonice_(archaeological_site)" title="Dolní Věstonice (archaeological site)">Dolní Věstonice (archaeological site)</a> is the oldest human permanent settlement that has yet been found by archaeologists.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></li> <li>25 kya: <a href="/wiki/Ancient_North_Eurasians" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient North Eurasians">Ancient North Eurasians</a> migrate into eastern Siberia, intermixing with the local <a href="/wiki/Ancient_East_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient East Asian">Ancient East Asian</a> populations. Their descendants migrated into <a href="/wiki/Beringia" title="Beringia">Beringia</a>, where they became (or helped form) the <a href="/wiki/Ancestral_Native_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancestral Native American">Ancestral Native Americans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></li> <li>24 kya - 15 kya: General time frame for the <a href="/wiki/Mal%27ta%E2%80%93Buret%27_culture" title="Mal'ta–Buret' culture">Mal'ta–Buret' culture</a> near <a href="/wiki/Lake_Baikal" title="Lake Baikal">Lake Baikal</a>,<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> the archaeological culture whose human remains serve as the type for the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_North_Eurasians" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient North Eurasians">Ancient North Eurasian</a> (ANE) population which appeared some time prior. Mal'ta-Buret' sites consisted of temporary mammoth-bone huts for reindeer hunters, yet their art is among the most sophisticated of their time, having many parallels with carvings elsewhere in Eurasia (for example, <a href="/wiki/Venus_figurines_of_Mal%27ta" title="Venus figurines of Mal'ta">their Venus figurines</a>), indicative of long-distance exchange of ideas. Both <a href="/wiki/Europeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Europeans">Europeans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">American Indians</a> share significant ANE ancestry.</li> <li>24 kya: The <a href="/wiki/Cave_bear" title="Cave bear">cave bear</a> is thought to have become extinct.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></li> <li>24 kya: Evidence suggests humans living in Alaska and Yukon North America.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></li> <li>23 kya: A population of <a href="/wiki/Wolf" title="Wolf">wolves</a> are hypothesized to have begun cohabiting with <a href="/wiki/Ancient_North_Eurasians" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient North Eurasians">Ancient North Eurasians</a> for shared food, protection, and (possibly later) hunting success. This commensal relationship is thought to have led to the <a href="/wiki/Domestication_of_the_dog" title="Domestication of the dog">domestication of the dog</a>, which genetic studies show their ancestry diverging from wolves at this time along with an increase in population.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> At the <a href="/wiki/Yana_Rhinoceros_Horn_Site" title="Yana Rhinoceros Horn Site">Yana Rhinoceros Horn Site</a>, smaller wolf-like canids with <a href="/wiki/Neoteny" title="Neoteny">neotenous</a> features and signs of being cared for have been observed.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></li> <li>23 kya - 21 kya: The earliest known human footprints in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> are left at what is now <a href="/wiki/White_Sands_National_Park" title="White Sands National Park">White Sands National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NPR_2021-09-27-69">[69]</a></li> <li>21 kya: Artifacts suggest early human activity occurred in <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>, the capital city of Australia.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></li> <li>20 kya: <a href="/wiki/Kebaran_culture" title="Kebaran culture">Kebaran culture</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a>: beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Epipalaeolithic_in_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Epipalaeolithic in the Levant">Epipalaeolithic in the Levant</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-71">[71]</a></li> <li>20 kya: Theorized earliest date of development of traditional Arctic clothing like those used by Arctic Eurasians and <a href="/wiki/Inuit_clothing" title="Inuit clothing">Inuit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Issenman_1985-72">[72]</a></li> <li>20 kya - 19 kya: Earliest pottery use, in <a href="/wiki/Xianren_Cave" title="Xianren Cave">Xianren Cave</a>, China.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></li> <li>20 kya - 18 kya: <a href="/wiki/Minatogawa_Man" title="Minatogawa Man">Minatogawa Man</a> (<a href="/wiki/Proto-Mongoloid" title="Proto-Mongoloid">Proto-Mongoloid</a> phenotype) in Okinawa, Japan.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-minato1-75">[75]</a></li> <li>20 kya - 10 kya: <a href="/wiki/Khoisanid" class="mw-redirect" title="Khoisanid">Khoisanid</a> expansion to Central Africa.<a href="#cite_note-Rito_etal_2013-24">[24]</a></li> <li>18 kya - 12 kya: Though estimations vary widely, it is believed by scholars that <a href="/wiki/Afro-Asiatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Asiatic">Afro-Asiatic</a> was spoken as a <a href="/wiki/Proto-Afroasiatic_language" title="Proto-Afroasiatic language">single language</a> around this time period.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a></li> <li>18 kya: The <a href="/wiki/Magdalenian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Magdalenian culture">Magdalenian culture</a> appears in Europe. They are responsible for some of the most complex and famous artistic traditions of Ice Age Europe, creating the cave paintings of <a href="/wiki/Lascaux" title="Lascaux">Lascaux</a> and <a href="/wiki/Altamira_(cave)" class="mw-redirect" title="Altamira (cave)">Altamira</a>, as well as numerous carvings in ivory and stone.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></li> <li>17 kya: The earliest gene for <a href="/wiki/Blond_hair" class="mw-redirect" title="Blond hair">blond hair</a> is found among <a href="/wiki/Ancient_North_Eurasians" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient North Eurasians">Ancient North Eurasians</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Afontova_Gora" title="Afontova Gora">Afontova Gora</a> site in Siberia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner_IIOvodovPavlova201354-55-78">[78]</a></li> <li>16 kya - 11 kya: <a href="/wiki/Caucasus_hunter-gatherer" title="Caucasus hunter-gatherer">Caucasus hunter-gatherer</a> expansion to Europe.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Timeline_Tracer/Chronology_source_needed" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Timeline Tracer/Chronology source needed">chronology citation needed</a>]</li> <li>16 kya: <a href="/wiki/Wisent" class="mw-redirect" title="Wisent">Wisent</a> (European bison) sculpted in clay deep inside the cave now known as <a href="/wiki/Le_Tuc_d%27Audoubert" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Tuc d'Audoubert">Le Tuc d'Audoubert</a> in the <a href="/wiki/French_Pyrenees" class="mw-redirect" title="French Pyrenees">French Pyrenees</a> near what is now the <a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Spain_border" title="France–Spain border">border of Spain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></li> <li>14.2 kya: The oldest agreed domestic dog remains belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Bonn%E2%80%93Oberkassel_dog" title="Bonn–Oberkassel dog">Bonn–Oberkassel dog</a> that was buried with two humans.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></li> <li>14 kya: <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_R1b" title="Haplogroup R1b">Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b</a>, normally associated with the <a href="/wiki/Near_East" title="Near East">Near East</a> at this time, appears in Italy.<a href="#cite_note-IceAgeEurope-35">[35]</a></li> <li>14 kya: <a href="/wiki/Western_Hunter_Gatherers" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Hunter Gatherers">Western Hunter Gatherers</a> (descended from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_North_Eurasians" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient North Eurasians">Ancient North Eurasians</a>) of the <a href="/wiki/Epigravettian" title="Epigravettian">Epigravettian</a> culture expand into Europe and replace the <a href="/wiki/Magdalenian" title="Magdalenian">Magdalenian</a> culture.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></li> <li>14 kya - 12 kya: Oldest evidence for <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_warfare" title="Prehistoric warfare">prehistoric warfare</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jebel_Sahaba" title="Jebel Sahaba">Jebel Sahaba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natufian_culture" title="Natufian culture">Natufian culture</a>).<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a></li> <li>13 kya - 10 kya: End of the <a href="/wiki/Last_Glacial_Period" title="Last Glacial Period">Last Glacial Period</a>, climate warms, glaciers recede.</li> <li>13 kya: A major water outbreak occurs on <a href="/wiki/Lake_Agassiz" title="Lake Agassiz">Lake Agassiz</a> in central North America, which at the time could have been the size of the current <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> and the largest lake on Earth. Much of the lake is drained in the Arctic Ocean through the <a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_River" title="Mackenzie River">Mackenzie River</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Perkins-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-folio-86">[86]</a></li> <li>13 kya - 10 kya: Earliest dates suggested for the <a href="/wiki/Domestication_of_the_sheep" title="Domestication of the sheep">domestication of the sheep</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a></li> <li>12.9 kya - 11.7 kya: The <a href="/wiki/Younger_Dryas" title="Younger Dryas">Younger Dryas</a>, a period of sudden cooling and return to glacial conditions.</li> <li>12 kya: Volcanic eruptions in the <a href="/wiki/Virunga_Mountains" title="Virunga Mountains">Virunga Mountains</a> blocked <a href="/wiki/Lake_Kivu" title="Lake Kivu">Lake Kivu</a> outflow into <a href="/wiki/Lake_Edward" title="Lake Edward">Lake Edward</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile</a> system, diverting the water to <a href="/wiki/Lake_Tanganyika" title="Lake Tanganyika">Lake Tanganyika</a>. Nile's total length is shortened and Lake Tanganyika's surface is increased.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Holocene">Holocene</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_prehistory&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Holocene">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Epipalaeolithic" title="Epipalaeolithic">Epipalaeolithic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution" title="Neolithic Revolution">Neolithic Revolution</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_first_human_settlements#Holocene" title="List of first human settlements">List of first human settlements § Holocene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pre-modern_human_migration#Prehistory" title="Pre-modern human migration">Pre-modern human migration § Prehistory</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Urheimat" class="mw-redirect" title="Urheimat">Urheimat</a></div> The terms "Neolithic" and "Bronze Age" are culture-specific and are mostly limited to cultures of select parts of the <a href="/wiki/Old_World" title="Old World">Old World</a>, namely <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Asia" title="West Asia">Western</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>. Chronological <a href="/wiki/Periodization" title="Periodization">periodizations</a> typically base their periods on one or more identifiable and unique markers associated with a culturally distinct era (within a given interaction sphere), but these markers are not necessarily intrinsic to the cultural evolution of the era's people. As such, the terms become less applicable when their markers correlate less with cultural evolution. Therefore, the Neolithic and the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution" title="Neolithic Revolution">Neolithic Revolution</a> have little to do with the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>, where several different chronologies are used instead depending on the area (e.g. the Andean <a href="/wiki/Cotton_Pre-Ceramic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cotton Pre-Ceramic">Preceramic</a>, the North American <a href="/wiki/Archaic_Period_(Americas)" title="Archaic Period (Americas)">Archaic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Formative_stage" title="Formative stage">Formative</a> periods). Similarly, since there is no appreciable cultural shift between the use of stone, bronze, and iron in <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, the term "Bronze Age" is not considered to apply to this region the same as western Eurasia, and "Iron Age" is essentially never used.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> In sub-Saharan Africa, <a href="/wiki/Iron_metallurgy_in_Africa" title="Iron metallurgy in Africa">iron metallurgy was developed</a> prior to any knowledge of bronze and possibly before iron's adoption in Eurasia<a href="#cite_note-Nok-91">[91]</a> and despite <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_chronology#Postclassic_Period" title="Mesoamerican chronology">Postclassic Mesoamerica</a> developing and using bronze,<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> it did not have a significant bearing on its continued cultural evolution in the same way as western Eurasia. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Morella_(combate-de-arquero.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Morella_%28combate-de-arquero.png/220px-Morella_%28combate-de-arquero.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Morella_%28combate-de-arquero.png/330px-Morella_%28combate-de-arquero.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Morella_%28combate-de-arquero.png/440px-Morella_%28combate-de-arquero.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="954" /></a><figcaption>Cave painting of a battle between archers, <a href="/wiki/Morella,_Spain" title="Morella, Spain">Morella, Spain</a>, the oldest known depiction of combat. These paintings date from 7200 to 7400 years ago.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>9700 BC: An abrupt period of <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">global warming</a> begins. This is taken as the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Holocene" title="Holocene">Holocene</a> geological epoch.</li> <li>9600 BC: <a href="/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho">Jericho</a> has evidence of settlement dating back to 9,600 BC. Jericho was a popular camping ground for <a href="/wiki/Natufian_culture" title="Natufian culture">Natufian</a> hunter-gatherer groups, who left a scattering of crescent <a href="/wiki/Microlith" title="Microlith">microlith</a> tools behind them.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a></li> <li>9400 BC: Earliest supposed date for the <a href="/wiki/Domestic_pig" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic pig">domestication of the pig</a>.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a></li> <li>9200 BC - 9000 BC: <a href="/wiki/Meltwater_pulse_1B" title="Meltwater pulse 1B">Meltwater pulse 1B</a>, a sudden rise of <a href="/wiki/Past_sea_level" title="Past sea level">sea level</a> by 7.5 m (25 ft) within about 160 years.</li> <li>9000 BC: Earliest date recorded for construction of temenoi ceremonial structures at <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6bekli_Tepe" title="Göbekli Tepe">Göbekli Tepe</a> in southern Turkey, as possibly the oldest surviving <a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_origin_of_religions#Origins_of_organized_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolutionary origin of religions">proto-religious</a> site on Earth.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a></li> <li>9000 BC: <a href="/wiki/Arctodus" title="Arctodus">Giant short-faced bears</a> and <a href="/wiki/Giant_ground_sloth" class="mw-redirect" title="Giant ground sloth">giant ground sloths</a> go extinct. <a href="/wiki/Equidae" title="Equidae">Equidae</a> goes extinct in North America.</li> <li>8900 BC - 8300 BC: The Indigenous peoples of the southwestern <a href="/wiki/Amazon_basin" title="Amazon basin">Amazon basin</a> domesticate <a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">cassava</a>, the first domestic crop in the New World, followed by squash and dozens of tree species. They also begin intensively modifying the Amazonian landscape, foresting open savannahs and permanently increasing the biomass and biodiversity of the modern Amazon rainforest.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a></li> <li>8800 BC - 7000 BC: <a href="/wiki/Byblos" title="Byblos">Byblos</a> appears to have been settled during the <a href="/wiki/PPNB" class="mw-redirect" title="PPNB">PPNB</a> period. <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> remains of some buildings can be observed at the site.<a href="#cite_note-Peltenburg_Wasse_2004a-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a></li> <li>8500 BC: Earliest supposed date for the <a href="/wiki/Cattle_herding" class="mw-redirect" title="Cattle herding">domestication of cattle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-McTavish-104">[104]</a></li> <li>8000 BC: Earliest dates suggested for the <a href="/wiki/Goat" title="Goat">domestication of the goat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Naderi_et_al._17659–17664-105">[105]</a></li> <li>8000 BC: The <a href="/wiki/Quaternary_extinction_event" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaternary extinction event">Quaternary extinction event</a>, which has been ongoing since the mid-Pleistocene, concludes. Many of the ice age <a href="/wiki/Megafauna" title="Megafauna">megafauna</a> go extinct, including the <a href="/wiki/Megatherium" title="Megatherium">megatherium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Woolly_rhinoceros" title="Woolly rhinoceros">woolly rhinoceros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irish_elk" title="Irish elk">Irish elk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cave_bear" title="Cave bear">cave bear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panthera_leo_spelaea" class="mw-redirect" title="Panthera leo spelaea">cave lion</a>, and the last of the <a href="/wiki/Sabre-toothed_cat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabre-toothed cat">sabre-toothed cats</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Mammoth" title="Mammoth">mammoth</a> goes extinct in Eurasia and North America, but is preserved in small island populations until ~1650 BC.</li> <li>8000 BC - 7000 BC: In northern <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>, now northern <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, cultivation of <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a> begins. At first they are used for <a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">beer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gruel" title="Gruel">gruel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Soup" title="Soup">soup</a>, eventually for <a href="/wiki/Bread" title="Bread">bread</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> In early agriculture at this time, the <a href="/wiki/Planting_stick" class="mw-redirect" title="Planting stick">planting stick</a> is used, but it is replaced by a primitive <a href="/wiki/Plow" class="mw-redirect" title="Plow">plow</a> in subsequent centuries.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> Around this time, a round stone tower, now preserved to about 8.5 metres (28 ft) high and 8.5 metres (28 ft) in diameter is built in <a href="/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho">Jericho</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a></li> <li>8000 BC - 6000 BC: The <a href="/wiki/Post-glacial_sea_level_rise" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-glacial sea level rise">post-glacial sea level rise</a> decelerates, slowing the submersion of landmasses that had taken place over the previous 10,000 years.</li> <li>8000 BC - 3000 BC: <a href="/wiki/Identical_ancestors_point" title="Identical ancestors point">Identical ancestors point</a>: sometime in this period lived the latest subgroup of human population consisting of those that were all common ancestors of all present day humans, the rest having no present day descendants.<a href="#cite_note-Rohde-109">[109]</a></li> <li>7500 BC - 3500 BC: <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Subpluvial" class="mw-redirect" title="Neolithic Subpluvial">Neolithic Subpluvial</a> in North Africa. The <a href="/wiki/Sahara_desert" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahara desert">Sahara desert</a> region supports a savanna-like environment. <a href="/wiki/Lake_Chad" title="Lake Chad">Lake Chad</a> is larger than the current <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a>. An African culture develops across the current <a href="/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel">Sahel</a> region.</li> <li>7500 BC: <a href="/wiki/%C3%87atalh%C3%B6y%C3%BCk" title="Çatalhöyük">Çatalhöyük</a> urban settlement founded in <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a></li> <li>7500 BC: Earliest supposed date for the <a href="/wiki/Domestication_of_the_cat" title="Domestication of the cat">domestication of the cat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a></li> <li>7200 BC: First human settlement in <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a>, Jordan; <a href="/wiki/Ayn_Ghazal_(archaeological_site)" title="Ayn Ghazal (archaeological site)">ʿAin Ghazal</a> <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> settlement was built spanning over an area of 15 hectares (37 acres).<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a></li> <li>7176 BC: Earliest confirmed <a href="/wiki/Miyake_event" title="Miyake event">Miyake event</a>, an extreme peak of solar activity which showers the solar system with cosmic rays and radiation.</li> <li>7000 BC - 6000 BC: <a href="/wiki/Early_European_Farmers" title="Early European Farmers">Early European Farmers</a> arrive in Europe through <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>. They replace <a href="/wiki/Western_Hunter_Gatherer" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Hunter Gatherer">Western Hunter Gatherer</a> populations in many areas, intermix in others, and introduce agriculture into Europe.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a></li> <li>7000 BC: <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">Maize</a> is domesticated in southern <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> from the wild (and significantly different) <a href="/wiki/Teosinte" class="mw-redirect" title="Teosinte">teosinte</a> and quickly becomes the dominant staple of Mesoamerica, heralding the beginning of agriculture and further domestications in the region.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a></li> <li>7000 BC: The <a href="/wiki/Kuk_Swamp" title="Kuk Swamp">Kuk Swamp</a> in the highlands of <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> becomes a <a href="/wiki/Vavilov_center" title="Vavilov center">cradle of agriculture</a>. Early farmers dig canals that transform the swamp into arable land. They domesticate <a href="/wiki/Bananas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bananas">bananas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugarcane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taro" title="Taro">taro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lesser_yam" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesser yam">lesser yam</a>, and raise <a href="/wiki/Cassowary" title="Cassowary">cassowaries</a> from captured eggs (which had been done as early as 18,000 years ago).<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a></li> <li>7000 BC: <a href="/wiki/Jiahu" title="Jiahu">Jiahu</a> culture begins in China.</li> <li>7000 BC: First large-scale fish fermentation in southern Sweden.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a></li> <li>7000 BC: Human settlement of <a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> is one of the earliest sites with evidence of farming and herding in South Asia. In April 2006, Nature note that the oldest (and first early Neolithic) evidence for the drilling of human teeth in vivo (i.e. in a living person) was found in Mehrgarh.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a></li> <li>6200 BC - 6000 BC: The <a href="/wiki/8.2-kiloyear_event" title="8.2-kiloyear event">8.2-kiloyear event</a>, a sudden decrease of global temperatures, probably caused by the final collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Laurentide_Ice_Sheet" class="mw-redirect" title="Laurentide Ice Sheet">Laurentide Ice Sheet</a>, which leads to drier conditions in East Africa and <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>.</li> <li>6200 BC - 5600 BC: Sudden rise in sea level (<a href="/wiki/Meltwater_pulse_1C" class="mw-redirect" title="Meltwater pulse 1C">Meltwater pulse 1C</a>) by 6.5 m (21 ft) in less than 140 years; this concludes the <a href="/wiki/Early_Holocene_sea_level_rise" title="Early Holocene sea level rise">early Holocene sea level rise</a> and sea level remains largely stable throughout the Neolithic.<a href="#cite_note-Blanchon_2011b-121">[121]</a></li> <li>6000 BC - 3000 BC: Development of <a href="/wiki/Proto-writing" title="Proto-writing">proto-writing</a> in <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_signs_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Neolithic signs in China">China</a>,<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> Southeast Europe (<a href="/wiki/Vinca_symbols" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinca symbols">Vinca symbols</a>),<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> and West Asia (<a href="/wiki/Cuneiform_script#Sumerian_pictographs_(circa_3300_BC)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneiform script">proto-literate cuneiform</a>).</li> <li>6000 BC: Evidence of habitation at the current site of <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a> dates to about c. 8,000 years ago, although excavations at <a href="/wiki/Tell_Qaramel" title="Tell Qaramel">Tell Qaramel</a>, 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of the city show the area was inhabited about 13,000 years ago,<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> <a href="/wiki/Carbon-14_dating" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon-14 dating">Carbon-14 dating</a> at <a href="/wiki/Tell_Ramad" title="Tell Ramad">Tell Ramad</a>, on the outskirts of <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, suggests that the site may have been occupied since the second half of the seventh millennium BC, possibly around 6300 BC.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> However, evidence of settlement in the wider Barada basin dating back to 9000 BC exists.<a href="#cite_note-Burns2-126">[126]</a></li> <li>6000 BC - 5000 BC: The earliest New World ceramics are created in the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_basin" title="Amazon basin">Amazon basin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a></li> <li>5700 BC - 4500 BC: <a href="/wiki/Vin%C4%8Da_culture" title="Vinča culture">Vinča culture</a>.</li> <li>5500 BC: <a href="/wiki/Copper_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Copper Age">Copper smelting</a> in evidence in <a href="/wiki/Plo%C4%8Dnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Pločnik">Pločnik</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belovode" class="mw-redirect" title="Belovode">Belovode</a>.<a href="#cite_note-stonepages2-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-archaeologydaily2-129">[129]</a></li> <li>5259 BC: Confirmed <a href="/wiki/Miyake_event" title="Miyake event">Miyake event</a>, with high amount of cosmic radiation from the Sun hitting the Earth.</li> <li>4500 BC: The oldest known gold hoard deposited at <a href="/wiki/Varna_Necropolis" title="Varna Necropolis">Varna Necropolis</a>, Bulgaria.</li> <li>4300 BC: <a href="/wiki/Akahoya_eruption" title="Akahoya eruption">Akahoya eruption</a> creates the <a href="/wiki/Kikai_Caldera" title="Kikai Caldera">Kikai Caldera</a> and ends the earliest homogeneous Jomon culture in Japan. When the Jomon culture recovers, it shows regional differences.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification needed</a>]</li> <li>4050 BC - 4000 BC: <a href="/wiki/Trypillian" class="mw-redirect" title="Trypillian">Trypillian</a> build in <a href="/wiki/Nebelivka_(archaeological_site)" title="Nebelivka (archaeological site)">Nebelivka</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>) settlement which reached 15,000–18,000 inhabitants.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a></li> <li>4130 BC: <a href="/wiki/Toggling_harpoon" title="Toggling harpoon">Toggling harpoons</a> are invented somewhere in eastern Siberia, spreading south into Japan and east into North America, where they are ancestral to the sophisticated designs of the <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a> and later European <a href="/wiki/Whaling" title="Whaling">whalers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a></li> <li>4000 BC: <a href="/wiki/Civilization" title="Civilization">Civilizations</a> develop in the <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>/<a href="/wiki/Fertile_Crescent" title="Fertile Crescent">Fertile Crescent</a> region (around the location of modern-day Iraq).</li> <li>4000 BC: Earliest supposed dates for the <a href="/wiki/Domestication_of_the_horse" title="Domestication of the horse">domestication of the horse</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chicken" title="Chicken">domestication of the chicken</a>, and the invention of the <a href="/wiki/Potter%27s_wheel" title="Potter's wheel">potter's wheel</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="4th_millennium_BC">4th millennium BC</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_prehistory&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 4th millennium BC">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/4th_millennium_BC" title="4th millennium BC">4th millennium BC</a></div> <ul><li>4000 BC - 2000 BC: The <a href="/wiki/Dene-Yeniseian" class="mw-redirect" title="Dene-Yeniseian">Dene-Yeniseian</a> languages split into <a href="/wiki/Na-Dene" class="mw-redirect" title="Na-Dene">Na-Dene</a> in North America and <a href="/wiki/Yeniseian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeniseian language">Yeniseian</a> languages in Siberia. The connection is commonly thought to have been the result of a back-migration of early <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">American Indians</a> in <a href="/wiki/Beringia" title="Beringia">Beringia</a> back into Siberia, forming the <a href="/wiki/Yeniseian_people" title="Yeniseian people">Yeniseian peoples</a> that were once widespread throughout Eurasia.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> However, recent studies indicating the existence of a linguistic and technological continuum extending into the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a> make the directionality of migration and the homeland of Dene-Yeniseian more difficult to determine.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a></li> <li>3840 BC - 3800 BC: The <a href="/wiki/Post_Track" title="Post Track">Post Track</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sweet_Track" title="Sweet Track">Sweet Track</a> <a href="/wiki/Causeway" title="Causeway">causeways</a> are constructed in the <a href="/wiki/Somerset_Levels" title="Somerset Levels">Somerset Levels</a>.</li> <li>3800 BC: <a href="/wiki/Trypillian" class="mw-redirect" title="Trypillian">Trypillian</a> build in <a href="/wiki/Talianki" class="mw-redirect" title="Talianki">Talianki</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>) settlement which reached 15,600–21,000 inhabitants.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a></li> <li>3700 BC: Mass graves at <a href="/wiki/Tell_Brak" title="Tell Brak">Tell Brak</a> in Syria.</li> <li>3700 BC: <a href="/wiki/Trypillian" class="mw-redirect" title="Trypillian">Trypillian</a> build in <a href="/wiki/Maidanets" class="mw-redirect" title="Maidanets">Maidanets</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>) settlement which reached 12,000–46,000 inhabitants,<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> and built three-story building.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a></li> <li>3600 BC: The first monumental buildings are constructed in <a href="/wiki/Sechin_Bajo" title="Sechin Bajo">Sechin Bajo</a>, an urban center in what is now coastal <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>. It belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Casma%E2%80%93Sechin_culture" title="Casma–Sechin culture">Casma–Sechin culture</a>, possibly the oldest civilization in the Americas.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a></li> <li>3500 BC: <a href="/wiki/Uruk_period" title="Uruk period">Uruk period</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sumer" title="Sumer">Sumer</a>.</li> <li>3500 BC: First evidence of <a href="/wiki/Mummification" class="mw-redirect" title="Mummification">mummification</a> in Egypt.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a></li> <li>3500 BC: Earliest conjectured date for the still-undeciphered <a href="/wiki/Indus_script" title="Indus script">Indus script</a>.</li> <li>3500 BC: End of the <a href="/wiki/African_humid_period" title="African humid period">African humid period</a> possibly linked to the <a href="/wiki/Piora_Oscillation" title="Piora Oscillation">Piora Oscillation</a>: a rapid and intense <a href="/wiki/Aridification" title="Aridification">aridification</a> event, which probably started the current Sahara Desert dry phase and a population increase in the <a href="/wiki/Nile_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Nile Valley">Nile Valley</a> due to migrations from nearby regions. It is also believed this event contributed to the end of the <a href="/wiki/Ubaid_period" title="Ubaid period">Ubaid period</a> in Mesopotamia.</li> <li>3400 BC: Oldest known depiction of a <a href="/wiki/Wheeled_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheeled vehicle">wheeled vehicle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bronocice_pot" title="Bronocice pot">Bronocice pot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Funnelbeaker_culture" title="Funnelbeaker culture">Funnelbeaker culture</a>).<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a></li> <li>3400 BC: <a href="/wiki/Waun_Mawn" title="Waun Mawn">Waun Mawn</a> is built in West <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a></li> <li>3300 BC: <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> begins in the Near East.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> Hakra Phase of the <a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley Civilisation</a> begins in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>3300 BC: <a href="/wiki/Newgrange" title="Newgrange">Newgrange</a> is built in Ireland.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ness_of_Brodgar" title="Ness of Brodgar">Ness of Brodgar</a> is built in Orkney<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a></li> <li>3200 BC - 2500 BC: The Norte Chico or <a href="/wiki/Caral%E2%80%93Supe_civilization" title="Caral–Supe civilization">Caral–Supe civilization</a> begins on the coast of Peru with a wave of monumental construction and founding of the first cities in the Americas. It is generally considered the oldest civilization in the Americas.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a></li> <li>3200 BC: The <a href="/wiki/Yamnaya_culture" title="Yamnaya culture">Yamnaya culture</a> appears on the <a href="/wiki/Pontic%E2%80%93Caspian_steppe" title="Pontic–Caspian steppe">Pontic–Caspian steppe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> They most likely spoke the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Indo-European">Proto-Indo-European</a> language and may have been responsible for domesticating the <a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">horse</a>, initiating the <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_migrations" title="Indo-European migrations">Indo-European migrations</a> after a period of European population decline opened up areas for settlement,<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> and both evolving and spreading the European alleles for <a href="/wiki/Lactase_persistence" title="Lactase persistence">lactase persistence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a></li> <li>3200 BC: Sumerian cuneiform writing system is first used, triggering the beginning of <a href="/wiki/Recorded_history" title="Recorded history">recorded history</a>.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For later events, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_ancient_history" title="Timeline of ancient history">Timeline of ancient history</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timelines_of_world_history" title="Timelines of world history">Timelines of world history</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_prehistory&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Research">edit</a>]</div> Researchers deduced in a <a href="/wiki/Scientific_review" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific review">scientific review</a> that "no specific point in time can currently be identified at which modern human ancestry was confined to a limited birthplace" and that current knowledge about long, continuous and complex – e.g. often non-singular, parallel, nonsimultaneous and/or gradual – emergences of characteristics is consistent with a range of <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_human_evolution" title="Timeline of human evolution">evolutionary histories</a>.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> A timeline dating first occurrences and earliest evidence may therefore be an often inadequate approach for describing humanity's (pre-)history. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-historical_prehistories">Post-historical prehistories</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_prehistory&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Post-historical prehistories">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the prehistoric period in Sub-Saharan Africa and in the New World, see <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa#Prehistory" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan_Africa § Prehistory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Columbian Americas">pre-Columbian Americas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric Australia">prehistoric Australia</a>.</div> <ul><li>3,800 years ago (1800 BC): Currently undeciphered Minoan script (<a href="/wiki/Linear_A" title="Linear A">Linear A</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Cypro-Minoan" class="mw-redirect" title="Cypro-Minoan">Cypro-Minoan</a> script developed on Crete and Cyprus.</li> <li>3,450 years ago (1450 BC): <a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean Greece</a>, first deciphered writing in Europe</li> <li>3,200 years ago (1200 BC): <a href="/wiki/Oracle_bone_script" title="Oracle bone script">Oracle bone script</a>, first written records in <a href="/wiki/Old_Chinese" title="Old Chinese">Old Chinese</a></li> <li>3,050–2,800 years ago (1050 BC to 800 BC): <a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabetic</a> writing; the <a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician alphabet</a> spreads around the Mediterranean</li> <li>2,300 years ago (300 BC): <a href="/wiki/Maya_script" title="Maya script">Maya script</a>, the only known full writing system developed in the Americas, emerges.</li> <li>2,260 years ago (260 BC): Earliest deciphered written records in South Asia (<a href="/wiki/Middle_Indo-Aryan" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Indo-Aryan">Middle Indo-Aryan</a>)</li> <li>1800s AD: Undeciphered <a href="/wiki/Rongorongo" title="Rongorongo">Rongorongo</a> script on <a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a> may mark the latest independent development of writing.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_prehistory&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1088965794">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .columns-start .column{float:left;min-width:20em}.mw-parser-output .columns-2 .column{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .columns-3 .column{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .columns-4 .column{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .columns-5 .column{width:20%}}</style><div class="columns-start columns-2"><div class="column"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_timeline" class="mw-redirect" title="Human timeline">Human timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_by_first_written_accounts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of languages by first written accounts">List of languages by first written accounts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_ancient_history" title="Timeline of ancient history">Timeline of ancient history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_early_universe" title="Timeline of the early universe">Timeline of the early universe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_historic_inventions" title="Timeline of historic inventions">Timeline of historic inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_human_evolution" title="Timeline of human evolution">Timeline of human evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_evolutionary_history_of_life" title="Timeline of the evolutionary history of life">Timeline of the evolutionary history of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_periods_and_events_in_climate_history" title="List of periods and events in climate history">List of periods and events in climate history</a></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1088965794"></div><div class="column"> <dl><dt>Prehistory by world region</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Prehistory#By_region" title="Prehistory">Prehistory § By_region</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Near_East#Prehistory" title="Ancient Near East">Near East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Mesopotamia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric Mesopotamia">Prehistoric Mesopotamia</a> (before 3000 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Egypt" title="Prehistoric Egypt">Prehistoric Egypt</a> (before 3000 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Anatolia" title="Prehistory of Anatolia">Prehistory of Anatolia</a> (before 2000 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Iran" title="Prehistory of Iran">Prehistory of Iran</a> (before 1000 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Caucasus" title="Prehistoric Caucasus">Prehistoric Caucasus</a> (before 1000 BC)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric China">Prehistoric China</a> (before 1000 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Europe" title="Prehistoric Europe">Prehistoric Europe</a> (before 800 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Central_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistory of Central Asia">Prehistory of Central Asia</a> (before 600 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Siberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric Siberia">Prehistoric Siberia</a> (before AD 500)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">Pre-Columbian Americas</a> (before 1492)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Australia" title="Prehistory of Australia">Prehistory of Australia</a> (before 1788)</li></ul> </div><div style="clear: both"></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_prehistory&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved 7 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Origins+of+modern+human+ancestry&rft.volume=590&rft.issue=7845&rft.pages=229-237&rft.date=2021-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A231883210%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021Natur.590..229B&rft.issn=1476-4687&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41586-021-03244-5&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33568824&rft.aulast=Bergstr%C3%B6m&rft.aufirst=Anders&rft.au=Stringer%2C+Chris&rft.au=Hajdinjak%2C+Mateja&rft.au=Scerri%2C+Eleanor+M.+L.&rft.au=Skoglund%2C+Pontus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs41586-021-03244-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+prehistory" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_prehistory&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurns2005" class="citation book cs1">Burns, Ross (2005). Damascus: A History. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1134488506" title="Special:BookSources/978-1134488506"><bdi>978-1134488506</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Damascus%3A+A+History&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1134488506&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=Ross&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+prehistory" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKristiansenLarsson2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kristian_Kristiansen_(archaeologist)" title="Kristian Kristiansen (archaeologist)">Kristiansen, Kristian</a>; Larsson, Thomas B. (2005). The Rise of Bronze Age Society: Travels, Transmissions and Transformations. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521843638" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521843638"><bdi>978-0521843638</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+Bronze+Age+Society%3A+Travels%2C+Transmissions+and+Transformations&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0521843638&rft.aulast=Kristiansen&rft.aufirst=Kristian&rft.au=Larsson%2C+Thomas+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+prehistory" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner_IIOvodovPavlova2013" class="citation book cs1">Turner II, Christy G.; Ovodov, Nicolai D.; Pavlova, Olga V. (2013). Animal Teeth and Human Tools: A Taphonomic Odyssey in Ice Age Siberia. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-03029-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-03029-9"><bdi>978-1-107-03029-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Animal+Teeth+and+Human+Tools%3A+A+Taphonomic+Odyssey+in+Ice+Age+Siberia&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-107-03029-9&rft.aulast=Turner+II&rft.aufirst=Christy+G.&rft.au=Ovodov%2C+Nicolai+D.&rft.au=Pavlova%2C+Olga+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+prehistory" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_prehistory&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-evolution-timeline-interactive">Human Timeline (Interactive)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="National Museum of Natural History">National Museum of Natural History</a> (August 2016).</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prehistoric_technology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prehistoric_technology" title="Template:Prehistoric technology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prehistoric_technology" title="Template talk:Prehistoric technology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prehistoric_technology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prehistoric technology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prehistoric_technology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_technology" title="Prehistoric technology">Prehistoric technology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory" title="Prehistory">Prehistory</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_prehistoric_technology" title="Outline of prehistoric technology">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Age" title="Stone Age">Stone Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-age_system#Stone_Age_subdivisions" title="Three-age system">Subdivisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">New Stone Age</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">Technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_technology" title="History of technology">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_archaeology" title="Glossary of archaeology">Glossary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Tools" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lithic_technology" title="Lithic technology">Tools</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture" title="History of agriculture">Farming</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution" title="Neolithic Revolution">Neolithic Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Founder_crops" title="Founder crops">Founder crops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_crops" title="New World crops">New World crops</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ard_(plough)" title="Ard (plough)">Ard / plough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celt_(tool)" title="Celt (tool)">Celt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digging_stick" title="Digging stick">Digging stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestication" title="Domestication">Domestication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goad" title="Goad">Goad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">Irrigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_products_revolution" title="Secondary products revolution">Secondary products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sickle" title="Sickle">Sickle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrace_(earthworks)" title="Terrace (earthworks)">Terracing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Food processing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Control_of_fire_by_early_humans" title="Control of fire by early humans">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basket" title="Basket">Basket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooking" title="Cooking">Cooking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earth_oven" title="Earth oven">Earth oven</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granary" title="Granary">Granaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grinding_slab" title="Grinding slab">Grinding slab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_stone" title="Ground stone">Ground stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hearth" title="Hearth">Hearth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%C5%9F%C4%B1kl%C4%B1_H%C3%B6y%C3%BCk#Hearths" title="Aşıklı Höyük">Aşıklı Höyük</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qesem_cave#Fire" title="Qesem cave">Qesem cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mano_(stone)" title="Mano (stone)">Manos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metate" title="Metate">Metate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortar_and_pestle" title="Mortar and pestle">Mortar and pestle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quern-stone" title="Quern-stone">Quern-stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_storage_pits" title="Prehistoric storage pits">Storage pits</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Hunting_hypothesis" title="Hunting hypothesis">Hunting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrow" title="Arrow">Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boomerang" title="Boomerang">Boomerang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Throwing_stick" title="Throwing stick">throwing stick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_and_arrow" title="Bow and arrow">Bow and arrow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_archery" title="History of archery">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravettian#Hunting" title="Gravettian">Nets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spear" title="Spear">Spear</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spear-thrower" title="Spear-thrower">spear-thrower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baton_fragment_(Palart_310)" title="Baton fragment (Palart 310)">baton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpoon" title="Harpoon">harpoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%B6ningen_spears" title="Schöningen spears">Schöningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woomera_(spear-thrower)" title="Woomera (spear-thrower)">woomera</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Projectile_point" title="Projectile point">Projectile points</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrowhead" title="Arrowhead">Arrowhead</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_arrowhead" title="Transverse arrowhead">Transverse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bare_Island_projectile_point" title="Bare Island projectile point">Bare Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_point" title="Cascade point">Cascade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_point" title="Clovis point">Clovis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creswellian_culture" title="Creswellian culture">Cresswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_point" title="Cumberland point">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eden_point" title="Eden point">Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folsom_point" title="Folsom point">Folsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamoka_projectile_point" title="Lamoka projectile point">Lamoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manis_Mastodon_site" title="Manis Mastodon site">Manis Mastodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plano_point" title="Plano point">Plano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Game_drive_system" title="Game drive system">Game drive system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_jump" title="Buffalo jump">Buffalo jump</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Lithic_technology" title="Lithic technology">Toolmaking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industry_(archaeology)" title="Industry (archaeology)">Earliest toolmaking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oldowan" title="Oldowan">Oldowan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acheulean" title="Acheulean">Acheulean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mousterian" title="Mousterian">Mousterian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurignacian" title="Aurignacian">Aurignacian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_culture" title="Clovis culture">Clovis culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupstone" title="Cupstone">Cupstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_hardening" title="Fire hardening">Fire hardening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravettian" title="Gravettian">Gravettian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafting" title="Hafting">Hafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_axe" title="Hand axe">Hand axe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grooves_(archaeology)" title="Grooves (archaeology)">Grooves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdale_axe_industry" title="Langdale axe industry">Langdale axe industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levallois_technique" title="Levallois technique">Levallois technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_core" title="Lithic core">Lithic core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_reduction" title="Lithic reduction">Lithic reduction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_analysis" title="Lithic analysis">analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debitage" title="Debitage">debitage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_flake" title="Lithic flake">flake</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_technology" title="Lithic technology">Lithic technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdalenian" title="Magdalenian">Magdalenian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrous_metallurgy" title="Ferrous metallurgy">Metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microblade_technology" title="Microblade technology">Microblade technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grime%27s_Graves" title="Grime's Graves">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prepared-core_technique" title="Prepared-core technique">Prepared-core technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solutrean" title="Solutrean">Solutrean industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striking_platform" title="Striking platform">Striking platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tool_stone" title="Tool stone">Tool stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniface" title="Uniface">Uniface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yubetsu_technique" title="Yubetsu technique">Yubetsu technique</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">Other tools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adze" title="Adze">Adze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stitching_awl" title="Stitching awl">Awl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gravettian#Use_of_animal_remains" title="Gravettian">bone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axe" title="Axe">Axe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bannerstone" title="Bannerstone">Bannerstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blade_(archaeology)" title="Blade (archaeology)">Blade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prismatic_blade" title="Prismatic blade">prismatic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bone_tool" title="Bone tool">Bone tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_drill" title="Bow drill">Bow drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burin_(lithic_flake)" title="Burin (lithic flake)">Burin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe#History" title="Canoe">Canoe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oar" title="Oar">Oar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesse_canoe" title="Pesse canoe">Pesse canoe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopper_(archaeology)" title="Chopper (archaeology)">Chopper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chopping_tool" title="Chopping tool">tool</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleaver_(Stone_Age_tool)" title="Cleaver (Stone Age tool)">Cleaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denticulate_tool" title="Denticulate tool">Denticulate tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_plough" title="Fire plough">Fire plough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-saw" title="Fire-saw">Fire-saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammerstone" title="Hammerstone">Hammerstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knife" title="Knife">Knife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microlith" title="Microlith">Microlith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quern-stone" title="Quern-stone">Quern-stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racloir" title="Racloir">Racloir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope" title="Rope">Rope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scraper_(archaeology)" title="Scraper (archaeology)">Scraper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grattoir_de_c%C3%B4t%C3%A9" title="Grattoir de côté">side</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_tool" title="Stone tool">Stone tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tally_stick#Paleolithic_tally_sticks" title="Tally stick">Tally stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_weapons#Copper_Age" title="History of weapons">Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel" title="Wheel">Wheel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bronocice_pot" title="Bronocice pot">illustration</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Architecture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_architecture" title="History of architecture">Architecture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Ceremonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiva" title="Kiva">Kiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid" title="Pyramid">Pyramid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhir" title="Menhir">Standing stones</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Megalith" title="Megalith">megalith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_row" title="Stone row">row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonehenge" title="Stonehenge">Stonehenge</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Dwellings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_architecture" title="Neolithic architecture">Neolithic architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_long_house" title="Neolithic long house">long house</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_megalith_architecture" title="British megalith architecture">British megalith architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_megalith_architecture" title="Nordic megalith architecture">Nordic megalith architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burdei" title="Burdei">Burdei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff_dwelling" title="Cliff dwelling">Cliff dwelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugout_(shelter)" title="Dugout (shelter)">Dugout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hut" title="Hut">Hut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quiggly_hole" title="Quiggly hole">Quiggly hole</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacal" title="Jacal">Jacal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhouse" title="Longhouse">Longhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudbrick" title="Mudbrick">Mudbrick</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh#Lifestyle_and_technology" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit-house" title="Pit-house">Pit-house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_pueblitos" title="Navajo pueblitos">Pueblitos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo" title="Pueblo">Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_shelter" title="Rock shelter">Rock shelter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blombos_Cave" title="Blombos Cave">Blombos Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abri_de_la_Madeleine" title="Abri de la Madeleine">Abri de la Madeleine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibudu_Cave" title="Sibudu Cave">Sibudu Cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundhouse_(dwelling)" title="Roundhouse (dwelling)">Roundhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stilt_house" title="Stilt house">Stilt house</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_pile_dwellings_around_the_Alps" title="Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps">Alp pile dwellings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ness_of_Brodgar" title="Ness of Brodgar">Stone roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattle_and_daub" title="Wattle and daub">Wattle and daub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Water management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Check_dam" title="Check dam">Check dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistern" title="Cistern">Cistern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flush_toilet#History" title="Flush toilet">Flush toilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reservoir" title="Reservoir">Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well" title="Well">Well</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Other architecture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feature_(archaeology)" title="Feature (archaeology)">Archaeological features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broch" title="Broch">Broch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnt_mound" title="Burnt mound">Burnt mound</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fulacht_fiadh" title="Fulacht fiadh">fulacht fiadh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Causewayed_enclosure" title="Causewayed enclosure">Causewayed enclosure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tor_enclosure" title="Tor enclosure">Tor enclosure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_circular_enclosures_in_Central_Europe" title="Neolithic circular enclosures in Central Europe">Circular enclosure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goseck_Circle" title="Goseck Circle">Goseck</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursus" title="Cursus">Cursus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henge" title="Henge">Henge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thornborough_Henges" title="Thornborough Henges">Thornborough</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_architectural_elements" title="Megalithic architectural elements">Megalithic architectural elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midden" title="Midden">Midden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_extant_buildings" title="List of oldest extant buildings">Oldest extant buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_circle" title="Timber circle">Timber circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_trackway" class="mw-redirect" title="Timber trackway">Timber trackway</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Track" title="Sweet Track">Sweet Track</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Arts_and_culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art" title="Prehistoric art">Arts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_culture" title="Archaeological culture">culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">Material goods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basket_weaving" title="Basket weaving">Baskets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beadwork" title="Beadwork">Beadwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bed#History" title="Bed">Beds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles" title="History of clothing and textiles">Clothing/textiles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology" title="Timeline of clothing and textiles technology">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_cosmetics" title="History of cosmetics">Cosmetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Stone_Age" title="Middle Stone Age">Glue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_hide_materials" title="History of hide materials">Hides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shoe#History" title="Shoe">shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96tzi#Clothes_and_shoes" title="Ötzi">Ötzi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewellery#History" title="Jewellery">Jewelry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amber#Use" title="Amber">amber use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirror#History" title="Mirror">Mirrors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery#History" title="Pottery">Pottery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardium_pottery" title="Cardium pottery">Cardium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cord-marked_pottery" title="Cord-marked pottery">Cord-marked</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grooved_ware" title="Grooved ware">Grooved ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_pottery" title="Jōmon pottery">Jōmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Pottery_culture" title="Linear Pottery culture">Linear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unstan_ware" title="Unstan ware">Unstan ware</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewing_needle#History" title="Sewing needle">Sewing needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">Weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">Wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Areni-1_winery" title="Areni-1 winery">winery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_wine_press#Early_history" title="History of the wine press">wine press</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art" title="Prehistoric art">Prehistoric art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Upper_Paleolithic" title="Art of the Upper Paleolithic">Art of the Upper Paleolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Middle_Paleolithic" title="Art of the Middle Paleolithic">Art of the Middle Paleolithic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blombos_Cave#Archaeological_remains_and_material_culture_from_the_Middle_Stone_Age_levels" title="Blombos Cave">Blombos Cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Stone_Age_art" title="List of Stone Age art">List of Stone Age art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_stone" title="Bird stone">Bird stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairn" title="Cairn">Cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carved_stone_balls" title="Carved stone balls">Carved stone balls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_painting" title="Cave painting">Cave paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cup_and_ring_mark" title="Cup and ring mark">Cup and ring mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoglyph" title="Geoglyph">Geoglyph</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hill_figure" title="Hill figure">Hill figure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_hat" title="Golden hat">Golden hats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardian_stones" title="Guardian stones">Guardian stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwion_Gwion_rock_paintings" title="Gwion Gwion rock paintings">Gwion Gwion rock paintings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_painting#Pre-history" title="History of painting">painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigment#History" title="Pigment">pigment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_art" title="Megalithic art">Megalithic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroform" title="Petroform">Petroform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroglyph" title="Petroglyph">Petroglyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrosomatoglyph" title="Petrosomatoglyph">Petrosomatoglyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictogram" title="Pictogram">Pictogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_art" title="Rock art">Rock art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_cupule" title="Rock cupule">Rock cupule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_carving" title="Stone carving">Stone carving</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture#Prehistoric_periods" title="Sculpture">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_menhir" title="Statue menhir">Statue menhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_circle" title="Stone circle">Stone circle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stone_circles" title="List of stone circles">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_circles_in_the_British_Isles_and_Brittany" title="Stone circles in the British Isles and Brittany">British Isles and Brittany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurine" title="Venus figurine">Venus figurine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" title="Paleolithic religion">Burial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tumulus" title="Tumulus">Burial mounds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowl_barrow" title="Bowl barrow">Bowl barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_barrow" title="Round barrow">Round barrow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mound_Builders" title="Mound Builders">Mound Builders culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_burial_mounds_in_the_United_States" title="List of burial mounds in the United States">U.S. sites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_tomb" title="Chamber tomb">Chamber tomb</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cotswold-Severn_Group" title="Cotswold-Severn Group">Cotswold-Severn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cist" title="Cist">Cist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dartmoor_kistvaens" title="Dartmoor kistvaens">Dartmoor kistvaens</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clava_cairn" title="Clava cairn">Clava cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_cairn" title="Court cairn">Court cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cremation#History" title="Cremation">Cremation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolmen" title="Dolmen">Dolmen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_dolmen" title="Great dolmen">Great dolmen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyre" title="Pyre">Funeral pyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallery_grave" title="Gallery grave">Gallery grave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transepted_gallery_grave" class="mw-redirect" title="Transepted gallery grave">transepted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedge-shaped_gallery_grave" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedge-shaped gallery grave">wedge-shaped</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grave_goods" title="Grave goods">Grave goods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jar_burial" title="Jar burial">Jar burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_barrow" title="Long barrow">Long barrow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unchambered_long_barrow" title="Unchambered long barrow">unchambered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%B8nsalen" title="Grønsalen">Grønsalen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_tomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Megalithic tomb">Megalithic tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummy" title="Mummy">Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_grave" title="Passage grave">Passage grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectangular_dolmen" title="Rectangular dolmen">Rectangular dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_cairn" title="Ring cairn">Ring cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_dolmen" title="Simple dolmen">Simple dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_box_grave" title="Stone box grave">Stone box grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor_cairn" title="Tor cairn">Tor cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unchambered_long_cairn" title="Unchambered long cairn">Unchambered long cairn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Other cultural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeoastronomy" title="Archaeoastronomy">Archaeoastronomy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeoastronomical_sites_by_country" title="List of archaeoastronomical sites by country">sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">lunar calendar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_modernity" title="Behavioral modernity">Behavioral modernity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_musicology" title="Evolutionary musicology">Evolutionary musicology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_archaeology" title="Music archaeology">music archaeology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_origin_of_religion" title="Evolutionary origin of religion">Evolutionary origin of religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" title="Paleolithic religion">Paleolithic religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_religion" title="Prehistoric religion">Prehistoric religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entheogenic_drugs_and_the_archaeological_record" title="Entheogenic drugs and the archaeological record">Spiritual drug use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_language" title="Origin of language">Origin of language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_counting" title="Prehistoric counting">Prehistoric counting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_medicine" title="Prehistoric medicine">Prehistoric medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trepanning" title="Trepanning">trepanning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_music" title="Prehistoric music">Prehistoric music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alligator_drum" title="Alligator drum">Alligator drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_flute" title="Paleolithic flute">flutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divje_Babe_flute" title="Divje Babe flute">Divje Babe flute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudi_(instrument)" title="Gudi (instrument)">gudi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_warfare" title="Prehistoric warfare">Prehistoric warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diepkloof_Rock_Shelter" title="Diepkloof Rock Shelter">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Howiesons_Poort#Symbolism" title="Howiesons Poort">symbolism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Millennia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Millennia" title="Template:Millennia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Millennia" title="Template talk:Millennia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Millennia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Millennia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Millennia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Millennium" title="Millennium">Millennia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">CE</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">AD</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_millennium" title="1st millennium">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_millennium" title="3rd millennium">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_far_future" title="Timeline of the far future">4th and later</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Before_Common_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Before Common Era">BCE</a> / <a href="/wiki/Before_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Before Christ">BC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_millennium_BC" title="1st millennium BC">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium_BC" title="2nd millennium BC">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_millennium_BC" title="3rd millennium BC">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_millennium_BC" title="4th millennium BC">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_millennium_BC" title="5th millennium BC">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_millennium_BC" title="6th millennium BC">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_millennium_BC" title="7th millennium BC">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_millennium_BC" title="8th millennium BC">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_millennium_BC" title="9th millennium BC">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_millennium_BC" title="10th millennium BC">10th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_millennium_BC" title="11th millennium BC">11th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_millennium_BC" title="12th millennium BC">12th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_millennium_BC" title="13th millennium BC">13th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_millennium_BC" 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