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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Further development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operational_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operational_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Operational history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operational_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Operational history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Operational_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Outbreak_of_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outbreak_of_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Outbreak of war</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outbreak_of_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Home_front" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Home_front"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Home front</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Home_front-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fighter_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fighter_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Fighter operations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fighter_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mediterranean_and_Middle_East" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mediterranean_and_Middle_East"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Mediterranean and Middle East</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mediterranean_and_Middle_East-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_East_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_East_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>South East Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_East_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_attack_on_the_Japanese_carrier_force_in_the_Pacific_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_attack_on_the_Japanese_carrier_force_in_the_Pacific_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>First attack on the Japanese carrier force in the Pacific War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_attack_on_the_Japanese_carrier_force_in_the_Pacific_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Finland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Variants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Operators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surviving_aircraft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surviving_aircraft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Surviving aircraft</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surviving_aircraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specifications_(Blenheim_Mk_IV)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specifications_(Blenheim_Mk_IV)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Specifications (Blenheim Mk IV)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specifications_(Blenheim_Mk_IV)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bristol Blenheim</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Blenheim" title="Bristol Blenheim – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bristol Blenheim" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%85" title="بريستول بلينهايم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بريستول بلينهايم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Blenheim" title="Bristol Blenheim – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Bristol Blenheim" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Blenheim" title="Bristol Blenheim – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bristol Blenheim" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Blenheim" title="Bristol Blenheim – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bristol Blenheim" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Blenheim" title="Bristol Blenheim – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bristol Blenheim" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Blenheim" title="Bristol Blenheim – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bristol Blenheim" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Blenheim" title="Bristol Blenheim – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bristol Blenheim" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Blenheim" title="Bristol Blenheim – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Bristol Blenheim" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Blenheim" title="Bristol Blenheim – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bristol Blenheim" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Blenheim" title="Bristol Blenheim – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bristol Blenheim" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%86%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%85" title="بریستول بلنهیم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بریستول بلنهیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Blenheim" title="Bristol Blenheim – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bristol Blenheim" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Blenheim" title="Bristol Blenheim – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bristol Blenheim" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B8%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A8_%EB%B8%94%EB%A0%8C%ED%95%98%EC%9E%84" title="브리스톨 블렌하임 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="브리스톨 블렌하임" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Blenheim" title="Bristol Blenheim – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bristol Blenheim" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Blenheim" title="Bristol Blenheim – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bristol Blenheim" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Blenheim" title="Bristol Blenheim – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bristol Blenheim" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="בריסטול בלנהיים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בריסטול בלנהיים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Blenheim" title="Bristol Blenheim – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bristol Blenheim" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Blenheim" title="Bristol Blenheim – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bristol Blenheim" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Blenheim_(bommenwerper)" title="Bristol Blenheim (bommenwerper) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bristol Blenheim (bommenwerper)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB_%E3%83%96%E3%83%AC%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A0" title="ブリストルブレニム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブリストルブレニム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Blenheim" title="Bristol Blenheim – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bristol Blenheim" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Blenheim" title="Bristol Blenheim – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Bristol Blenheim" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Blenheim" title="Bristol Blenheim – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bristol Blenheim" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Blenheim" title="Bristol Blenheim – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bristol Blenheim" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Blenheim" title="Bristol Blenheim – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Bristol Blenheim" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Blenheim" title="Bristol Blenheim – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bristol Blenheim" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Blenheim" title="Bristol Blenheim – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bristol Blenheim" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Бристол Бленим – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бристол Бленим" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Blenheim" title="Bristol Blenheim – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bristol Blenheim" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Blenheim" title="Bristol Blenheim – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bristol Blenheim" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Blenheim" title="Bristol Blenheim – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bristol Blenheim" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Blenheim" title="Bristol Blenheim – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" 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.mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the car, see <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Blenheim_(car)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bristol Blenheim (car)">Bristol Blenheim (car)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248642317">.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-above{line-height:1.6em;background-color:#eee}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-header{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;line-height:23px;background-color:#eee}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-label{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-label{width:30%;padding-right:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-data{width:50%}}</style><table class="infobox ib-aircraft vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Blenheim <br /> (Types 142M, 149, 160)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blenheim_-_RIAT_2015_(19998104414).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Blenheim_-_RIAT_2015_%2819998104414%29.jpg/300px-Blenheim_-_RIAT_2015_%2819998104414%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Blenheim_-_RIAT_2015_%2819998104414%29.jpg/450px-Blenheim_-_RIAT_2015_%2819998104414%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Blenheim_-_RIAT_2015_%2819998104414%29.jpg/600px-Blenheim_-_RIAT_2015_%2819998104414%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3255" data-file-height="2054" /></a></span> <div class="ib-aircraft-caption">A Blenheim with the short Mk I nose at <a href="/wiki/RIAT" class="mw-redirect" title="RIAT">RIAT</a>, 2015</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Light_bomber" title="Light bomber">Light bomber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_fighter" title="Night fighter">Night fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_reconnaissance" title="Aerial reconnaissance">Aerial reconnaissance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_manufacturer" title="Aerospace manufacturer">Manufacturer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Aeroplane_Company" title="Bristol Aeroplane Company">Bristol Aeroplane Company</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data"><div> <a href="/wiki/Frank_Barnwell" title="Frank Barnwell">Frank Barnwell</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Primary users</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a><div> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force" title="Royal Canadian Air Force">Royal Canadian Air Force</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Air_Force" title="Finnish Air Force">Finnish Air Force</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Yugoslav_Air_Force" title="Royal Yugoslav Air Force">Royal Yugoslav Air Force</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number built</th><td class="infobox-data">4,422</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduction date</th><td class="infobox-data">1937</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First flight</th><td class="infobox-data">12 April 1935</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Retired</th><td class="infobox-data">1944 (United Kingdom) <br /> 1958 (Finland)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Variants</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Beaufort" title="Bristol Beaufort">Bristol Beaufort</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Fairchild_Bolingbroke" class="mw-redirect" title="Bristol Fairchild Bolingbroke">Bristol Fairchild Bolingbroke</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Bristol Blenheim</b> is a British <a href="/wiki/Light_bomber" title="Light bomber">light bomber</a> designed and built by the <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Aeroplane_Company" title="Bristol Aeroplane Company">Bristol Aeroplane Company</a>, which was used extensively in the first two years of the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, with examples still being used as trainers until the end of the war. Development began with the <i>Type 142</i>, a civil airliner, after a challenge from the newspaper proprietor <a href="/wiki/Harold_Harmsworth,_1st_Viscount_Rothermere" title="Harold Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Rothermere">Lord Rothermere</a> to produce the fastest commercial aircraft in Europe. The <i>Type 142</i> first flew in April 1935, and the <a href="/wiki/Air_Ministry" title="Air Ministry">Air Ministry</a>, ordered a modified design as the <i>Type 142M</i> for the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> (RAF) as a bomber. </p><p>Deliveries of the new Blenheim to RAF squadrons commenced on 10 March 1937. In service the Type 142M became the Blenheim Mk.I which would be developed into the long-nosed Type 149, the Blenheim Mk.IV, except in Canada where Fairchild Canada built the Type 149 under licence as the Bolingbroke. The Type 160 Bisley was also developed from the Blenheim but was already obsolete when it entered service. </p><p>Both versions were converted into heavy fighters by the addition of a gun pack with four Browning .303 in (7.7 mm) machine guns mounted under the fuselage. The Mk.IV was also used as a maritime patrol aircraft and both aircraft were also used as bombing and gunnery trainers once they had become obsolete as combat aircraft. </p><p>The Blenheim was one of the first British aircraft with an all-metal <a href="/wiki/Monocoque#Aircraft" title="Monocoque">stressed-skin</a> construction, retractable <a href="/wiki/Landing_gear" title="Landing gear">landing gear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flap_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flap (aircraft)">flaps</a>, a powered <a href="/wiki/Gun_turret" title="Gun turret">gun turret</a> and <a href="/wiki/Variable-pitch_propeller_(aeronautics)" title="Variable-pitch propeller (aeronautics)">variable-pitch propellers</a>. The Mk.I was faster than most of the RAF's biplane fighters in the late 1930s but advances soon left it vulnerable if flown in daylight, though it proved successful as a night fighter. The Blenheim was effective as a bomber but many were shot down. Both Blenheim types were used by foreign operators and examples were licence built in Yugoslavia and Finland, in addition to Canada. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bristol_Blenheim&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bristol_Blenheim&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1933 <a href="/wiki/Frank_Barnwell" title="Frank Barnwell">Frank Barnwell</a>, Bristol's chief designer, went to the United States to collect first-hand information on their latest twin-engined, low-wing monoplane airliners. When he returned home he discussed one of them, the <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Corporation" title="Lockheed Corporation">Lockheed</a> <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_10_Electra" title="Lockheed Model 10 Electra">Electra 12A</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Roy_Fedden" title="Roy Fedden">Roy Fedden</a> and prepared a design to match it using Fedden's <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Aquila" title="Bristol Aquila">Bristol Aquila</a> engine which produced 500 hp, the same power as the engine used in the Electra. <a href="/wiki/Sir_Archibald_Russell" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Archibald Russell">Sir Archibald Russell</a> described Barnwell's design as "close to being a replica of the Electra".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was designated <i>Type 135</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-moyes_3_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early 1934, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Harmsworth,_1st_Viscount_Rothermere" title="Harold Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Rothermere">Lord Rothermere</a>, owner of the <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Mail" title="Daily Mail">Daily Mail</a></i> newspaper, challenged the British aviation industry to build a high-speed aircraft capable of carrying six passengers and two crew members – he referred to the ambition as seeking "the fastest commercial aeroplane in Europe, if not the world".<sup id="cite_ref-moyes_3_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> German firms were producing record-breaking high-speed designs, such as the single-engined <a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_70" class="mw-redirect" title="Heinkel He 70">Heinkel He 70</a>, and Rothermere wanted the prestige of being able to claim to have the fastest civilian aircraft. Rothermere also intended to encourage businesses and key figures to make greater use of civil aviation and to demonstrate to the British <a href="/wiki/Air_Ministry" title="Air Ministry">Air Ministry</a> how their fighter aircraft may not be able to match modern transport aircraft, which may be easily converted to, or used as the basis for, a bomber aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-moyes_3_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rothermere became aware of Bristol's <i>Type 135</i> proposal and on 3 March 1934, Barnwell issued him with a quote of the specification and performance statistics of the design, including an estimated top speed of 240 mph (390 km/h) at 6,500 ft (2,000 m).<sup id="cite_ref-moyes_3_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Aquila engine had been shelved in favour of the <a href="/wiki/Supercharger" title="Supercharger">supercharger</a>-equipped, poppet-valve <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Mercury" title="Bristol Mercury">Bristol Mercury</a> engine. Deeming it suitable for the challenge, the design of Type 135 was further adapted to produce the <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Type_143" title="Bristol Type 143"><i>Type 142</i></a> to meet the requirements outlined by Rothermere.<sup id="cite_ref-moyes_3_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late March 1934, Rothermere placed an order for a <i>Type 142</i> aircraft, under which he paid for half of the estimated £18,500 cost up front and the remainder upon the aircraft's first flight in the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-moyes_3_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bristol_blenheim_1_ExCC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Bristol_blenheim_1_ExCC.jpg/220px-Bristol_blenheim_1_ExCC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Bristol_blenheim_1_ExCC.jpg/330px-Bristol_blenheim_1_ExCC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Bristol_blenheim_1_ExCC.jpg/440px-Bristol_blenheim_1_ExCC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The first production Type 142M with the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_military_aircraft_serials" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom military aircraft serials">military_serial registration</a> K7033, which served as the only <a href="/wiki/Prototype" title="Prototype">prototype</a> and made its first flight in June 1936.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 12 April 1935, the <i>Type 142</i>, named <i>Britain First</i>, conducted its <a href="/wiki/Maiden_flight" title="Maiden flight">maiden flight</a> from <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Filton_Airport" title="Bristol Filton Airport">Filton Aerodrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Gloucestershire" title="South Gloucestershire">South Gloucestershire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Barnes_p258_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barnes_p258-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-moyes_3_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flight tests soon proved that the aircraft was faster than the fighters in service with the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> (RAF), having a top speed of 307 mph (494 km/h).<sup id="cite_ref-Barnes_p259_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barnes_p259-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-moyes_3_4_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_3_4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rothermere presented the aircraft to the nation for a formal evaluation as a potential bomber.<sup id="cite_ref-moyes_4_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By June 1935, the <a href="/wiki/Air_Ministry" title="Air Ministry">Air Ministry</a> had become interested in the project due to its high performance. On 9 July 1935, a design conference was held by Bristol at the ministry's request into the question of converting the <i>Type 142</i> into a medium bomber.<sup id="cite_ref-moyes_4_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Air Ministry quickly formalised <a href="/wiki/List_of_Air_Ministry_Specifications" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Air Ministry Specifications">Specification B.28/35</a> for prototypes of a bomber version; the <i>Type 142M</i> (M for military).<sup id="cite_ref-moyes_4_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One change between the <i>Type 142M</i> bomber and its <i>Type 142</i> predecessor was the repositioning of the wing from a low-wing to a mid-wing position, which allowed for more internal space within the fuselage underneath the <a href="/wiki/Spar_(aviation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spar (aviation)">main spar</a> to accommodate a sizeable bomb bay. Other modifications included the addition of a bomb-aimer's position and a <a href="/wiki/M1919_Browning_machine_gun" title="M1919 Browning machine gun">Browning machine gun</a> in the port wing along with provisions for a semi-retractable gun turret in the <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_location#Dorsal_and_ventral" title="Anatomical terms of location">dorsal</a> position.<sup id="cite_ref-moyes_4_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Production">Production</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bristol_Blenheim&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Duxford_Blenheim.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Duxford_Blenheim.jpg/220px-Duxford_Blenheim.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Duxford_Blenheim.jpg/330px-Duxford_Blenheim.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Duxford_Blenheim.jpg/440px-Duxford_Blenheim.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Blenheim Mk I reconstruction by the Aircraft Restoration Co at <a href="/wiki/Duxford_Aerodrome" title="Duxford Aerodrome">Duxford</a>, for the owners, Blenheim (Duxford) Ltd. The reconstruction is based upon a restored Bolingbroke airframe with restored Blenheim Mk I nose section with its "<a href="/wiki/Stepless_cockpit" title="Stepless cockpit">stepless cockpit</a>".</figcaption></figure> <p>In September 1935, an initial contract for 150 aircraft was placed. The Air Ministry had chosen to order the type directly from the drawing board, having been urgently sought as one piece of a wider and rapid expansion of the RAF.<sup id="cite_ref-moyes_4_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first aircraft built of this production model, <i>K7033</i>, served as the only prototype; on 25 June 1936, <i>K7033</i> conducted its first flight from Filton.<sup id="cite_ref-Mason_p269_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mason_p269-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-moyes_4_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The service name for the aircraft became <i>Blenheim Mk I</i> after <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blenheim" title="Battle of Blenheim">the famous battle</a> during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession" title="War of the Spanish Succession">War of the Spanish Succession</a>. On 10 March 1937, production deliveries to the RAF formally started; <a href="/wiki/No._114_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 114 Squadron RAF">114 Squadron</a> became the first squadron to receive the Blenheim.<sup id="cite_ref-Mason_p269_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mason_p269-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-moyes_4_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 13 January 1938, the Blenheim entered service with <a href="/wiki/No._30_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 30 Squadron RAF">No. 30 Squadron</a>, the first overseas squadron to receive the type; in early 1939, the first Blenheims arrived in India.<sup id="cite_ref-moyes_6_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_6-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From July 1936 onwards, various additional orders were placed for the <i>Blenheim Mk I</i>, including multiple orders for the export market.<sup id="cite_ref-moyes_4_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of 1936, 1,568 aircraft were on order.<sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_159_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_159-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In order to meet the demand, secondary assembly lines were established at <a href="/wiki/Chadderton" title="Chadderton">Chadderton</a> by <a href="/wiki/Avro" title="Avro">Avro</a> and at <a href="/wiki/Speke" title="Speke">Speke</a> by <a href="/wiki/Rootes_Group" title="Rootes Group">Rootes Securities</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-moyes_4_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The aircraft was built under licence by foreign countries, including <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, who completed a total of 55 aircraft, and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>, which completed 16 aircraft with a further 24 in advanced stages of completion when <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Germany invaded Yugoslavia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-moyes_11_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_11-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other countries also procured the Blenheim, including <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-moyes_11_12_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_11_12-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_159_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_159-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By September 1939, orders for the Blenheim had risen to 2,088 aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_159_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_159-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Total production of the <i>Blenheim Mk I</i> in England was 1,351 aircraft prior to the end of the production run in 1939; production had been terminated in favour of more advanced variants.<sup id="cite_ref-Mason_p269_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mason_p269-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-moyes_6_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_6-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Blenheim production programme saw several shifts in requirements and in capacity.<sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_159_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_159-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A modified Blenheim design, given the name <i><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Bolingbroke" title="Bristol Bolingbroke">Bolingbroke</a></i>, was manufactured under licence in Canada by <a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Aircraft_Ltd." title="Fairchild Aircraft Ltd.">Fairchild Aircraft</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_157_176_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_157_176-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bolingbroke, which had been developed in response to Air Ministry Specification G.24/35 to procure a coastal reconnaissance/light bomber as a replacement for the <a href="/wiki/Avro_Anson" title="Avro Anson">Avro Anson</a>, had substantial improvements that would serve as the basis for improved variants of the Blenheim.<sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_157_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_157-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both the navigator's station and range limitations of the Blenheim Mk.I had been subject to considerable criticism, prompting the development of an improved model to rectify the shortcomings.<sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_157_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_157-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 24 September 1937, an experimental Blenheim Mk.I, modified with an extended forward fuselage beyond its original <a href="/wiki/Stepless_cockpit" title="Stepless cockpit">stepless cockpit</a>, smooth-fronted nose enclosure, made its first flight from Filton.<sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_157_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_157-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_development">Further development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bristol_Blenheim&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Further development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Formal work on an extended-range <a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance" title="Reconnaissance">reconnaissance</a> version started as the Blenheim Mk II, which increased tankage from 278 to 468 imp gal (1,260 to 2,130 L; 334 to 562 US gal). Only one Blenheim Mk II was completed, as flight tests revealed the increase in speed to be marginal and not warranting further development.<sup id="cite_ref-moyes_7_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_7-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another modification resulted in the Blenheim Mk III, which lengthened the nose, dispensing with the "stepless cockpit" format of the Mk.I, introducing a true windscreen in front of the pilot, to provide more room for the bomb aimer. This required the nose to be "scooped out" in front of the pilot to maintain visibility during takeoff and landing. Both modifications were combined, along with a newer version of the Mercury engine with 905 hp (675 kW). The turret acquired a pair of Brownings in place of the original single Vickers K gun, creating the Blenheim Mk IV.<sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_157_158_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_157_158-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blenheim_Mk.I_%26_Spitfire_Ia_(21444871928).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Blenheim_Mk.I_%26_Spitfire_Ia_%2821444871928%29.jpg/220px-Blenheim_Mk.I_%26_Spitfire_Ia_%2821444871928%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Blenheim_Mk.I_%26_Spitfire_Ia_%2821444871928%29.jpg/330px-Blenheim_Mk.I_%26_Spitfire_Ia_%2821444871928%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Blenheim_Mk.I_%26_Spitfire_Ia_%2821444871928%29.jpg/440px-Blenheim_Mk.I_%26_Spitfire_Ia_%2821444871928%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="666" /></a><figcaption>A Blenheim Mk I in formation flight with a <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire">Supermarine Spitfire</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In early 1939, the first batch of Blenheim Mk IVs were accepted into service; these lacked outer fuel tanks but were accepted due to the urgent demand for the type. Early Blenheim Mk IVs were also equipped with the Mercury VIII engine, most were fitted with the more powerful Mercury XV or Mercury 25 models.<sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_158_159_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_158_159-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further aircraft deliveries were made to the production standard and were primarily manufactured by Avro and Rootes.<sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_158_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_158-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Production of the Blenheim IV continued until June 1943, when newcomers such as the <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Beaufort" title="Bristol Beaufort">Beaufort</a>-derived <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Beaufighter" title="Bristol Beaufighter">Beaufighter</a> had succeeded the type.<sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_159_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_159-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A total of 3,307 were produced. </p><p>A long-range fighter version, the Blenheim Mk IF, was also developed. For this role, about 200 Blenheims were fitted with a gun pack under the fuselage for four .303 in (7.7 mm) Brownings.<sup id="cite_ref-moyes_6_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_6-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, the Airborne Intercept (AI) Mk III or IV <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a> was fitted to some aircraft in use as night fighters; these were the first British fighters to be equipped with radar. The Blenheim had been selected as the first aircraft to be adapted for this role as its fuselage was sufficiently roomy to accommodate the additional crew member and radar apparatus.<sup id="cite_ref-moyes_6_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_6-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their performance was marginal as a fighter but they served as an interim type pending availability of the more capable Beaufighter derivative. About 60 Mk IVs were also equipped with the gun pack as the Mk IVF and were used by <a href="/wiki/Coastal_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastal Command">Coastal Command</a> to protect convoys from German long-range bombers. </p><p>The last bomber variant was conceived as an armoured <a href="/wiki/Ground_attack_aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Ground attack aircraft">ground attack aircraft</a>, with a solid nose containing four more Browning machine guns. Originally known as the Bisley, (after the <a href="/wiki/National_Rifle_Association_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Rifle Association (United Kingdom)">shooting competitions</a> held at <a href="/wiki/National_Shooting_Centre" title="National Shooting Centre">Bisley Ranges</a>), the production aircraft were renamed Blenheim Mk V and featured a strengthened structure, pilot armour, interchangeable nose gun pack or bomb-aimer position and another Mercury variant with 950 hp (710 kW). The Mk V was ordered for conventional bombing operations, with the removal of armour and most of the glazed nose section. The Mk V (Type 160) was used primarily in the Middle East and Far East. The Blenheim served as the basis for the Beaufort <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_bomber" title="Torpedo bomber">torpedo bomber</a>, which led to the Beaufighter, with the lineage performing two evolutions of bomber-to-fighter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bristol_Blenheim&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BristolBlenheimRAFMuseumJan2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/BristolBlenheimRAFMuseumJan2007.jpg/220px-BristolBlenheimRAFMuseumJan2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/BristolBlenheimRAFMuseumJan2007.jpg/330px-BristolBlenheimRAFMuseumJan2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/BristolBlenheimRAFMuseumJan2007.jpg/440px-BristolBlenheimRAFMuseumJan2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Blenheim Mk IV bomber at the <a href="/wiki/RAF_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="RAF Museum">RAF Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, with the new cockpit</figcaption></figure> <p>The Bristol Blenheim was a twin-engine high performance all-metal medium bomber aircraft, powered by a pair of <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Mercury" title="Bristol Mercury">Bristol Mercury VIII</a> air-cooled <a href="/wiki/Radial_engine" title="Radial engine">radial engines</a>, each capable of 860 hp (640 kW).<sup id="cite_ref-moyes_16_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_16-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each engine drove a three-bladed <a href="/wiki/Variable-pitch_propeller_(aeronautics)" title="Variable-pitch propeller (aeronautics)">controllable-pitch propeller</a>, and were equipped with both hand-based and electric engine starters.<sup id="cite_ref-moyes_16_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_16-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To ease maintenance, the engine mountings were designed with a split-segment to facilitate rapid engine removal without disturbing the <a href="/wiki/Carburetor" title="Carburetor">carburettors</a>. A pair of fuel tanks, each containing up to 140 gallons, were housed within the centre-section of the fuselage.<sup id="cite_ref-moyes_16_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_16-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fuselage of the Blenheim employed a light-<a href="/wiki/Alloy" title="Alloy">alloy</a> <a href="/wiki/Monocoque" title="Monocoque">monocoque</a> structure using open-section <a href="/wiki/Longeron" title="Longeron">stringers</a>, and was constructed in three sections.<sup id="cite_ref-moyes_16_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_16-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wing is also built in three sections, the centre-section of which is bolted and <a href="/wiki/Rivet" title="Rivet">rivetted</a> to the fuselage. The outer wing sections are <a href="/wiki/Wedge_(geometry)" title="Wedge (geometry)">tapered</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chord_(aeronautics)" title="Chord (aeronautics)">chord</a> and thickness.<sup id="cite_ref-moyes_16_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_16-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Extensive use of <a href="/wiki/Alclad" title="Alclad">Alclad</a> sheeting is made in elements such as the <a href="/wiki/Rib_(aeronautics)" title="Rib (aeronautics)">ribs</a>, skin, <a href="/wiki/Flap_(aeronautics)" title="Flap (aeronautics)">flaps</a>, and web reinforcement of the <a href="/wiki/Spar_(aeronautics)" title="Spar (aeronautics)">spars</a>. The tail unit is of a cantilever monoplane style, using an all-metal tailplane and <a href="/wiki/Fin" title="Fin">fin</a> while the aerodynamically-balanced <a href="/wiki/Rudder" title="Rudder">rudder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elevator_(aeronautics)" title="Elevator (aeronautics)">elevators</a> use a metal frame covered with fabric.<sup id="cite_ref-moyes_16_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_16-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Landing_gear" title="Landing gear">undercarriage</a> was <a href="/wiki/Hydraulics" title="Hydraulics">hydraulically</a>-retracted, with an auxiliary hand-pump for emergency actuation; medium-pressure <a href="/wiki/Tire" title="Tire">tyres</a> were used, complete with <a href="/wiki/Pneumatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pneumatic">pneumatically</a>-actuated differentially-control brakes.<sup id="cite_ref-moyes_16_18-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_16-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_177_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_177-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Blenheim typically carried a crew of three – pilot, navigator/bombardier and <a href="/wiki/Wireless_operator" class="mw-redirect" title="Wireless operator">wireless (radio) operator</a>/air gunner.<sup id="cite_ref-Barnes_p266-7_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barnes_p266-7-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pilot's quarters on the left side of the nose were so cramped that the <a href="/wiki/Yoke_(aeronautics)" title="Yoke (aeronautics)">control yoke</a> obscured all flight instruments while engine instruments eliminated the forward view on landings. Most secondary instruments were arranged along the left side of the cockpit, essential items such as the propeller pitch control were actually placed behind the pilot where they had to be operated by feel alone.<sup id="cite_ref-gunston_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gunston-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-moyes_12_13_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_12_13-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The navigator/bombardier was seated alongside the pilot, and made use of a sliding/folding seat whilst performing the bomb aiming role. Dual flight controls could be installed.<sup id="cite_ref-moyes_16_18-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_16-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wireless operator/air gunner was housed aft of the wing alongside the aircraft's dorsal gun turret.<sup id="cite_ref-moyes_16_18-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_16-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bristol_Blenheim_Mk.IV_(BL-200)_K-SIM_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Bristol_Blenheim_Mk.IV_%28BL-200%29_K-SIM_02.jpg/220px-Bristol_Blenheim_Mk.IV_%28BL-200%29_K-SIM_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Bristol_Blenheim_Mk.IV_%28BL-200%29_K-SIM_02.jpg/330px-Bristol_Blenheim_Mk.IV_%28BL-200%29_K-SIM_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Bristol_Blenheim_Mk.IV_%28BL-200%29_K-SIM_02.jpg/440px-Bristol_Blenheim_Mk.IV_%28BL-200%29_K-SIM_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="820" /></a><figcaption>Dorsal gun turret of a Blenheim with <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Air_Force" title="Finnish Air Force">Finnish Air Force</a> markings</figcaption></figure> <p>Armament comprised a single forward-firing <a href="/wiki/0.303_British" class="mw-redirect" title="0.303 British">.303 in (7.7 mm)</a> <a href="/wiki/M1919_Browning_machine_gun" title="M1919 Browning machine gun">Browning machine gun</a> outboard of the port engine and a .303 in (7.7 mm) <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis Gun">Lewis Gun</a> in a semi-retracting Bristol Type B Mk I dorsal turret firing to the rear. From 1939 onwards, the Lewis gun was replaced by the more modern .303 in (7.7 mm) <a href="/wiki/Vickers_K_machine_gun" title="Vickers K machine gun">Vickers VGO machine gun</a>. A 1,000 lb (450 kg) bomb load could be carried in the internal bomb bay set into the centre section of the fuselage.<sup id="cite_ref-moyes_16_18-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_16-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like most contemporary British aircraft, the bomb bay doors were kept closed with <a href="/wiki/Bungee_cord" title="Bungee cord">bungee cords</a> and opened under the weight of the released bombs. Because there was no way to predict how long it would take for the bombs to force the doors open, bombing accuracy was consequently poor.<sup id="cite_ref-gunston_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gunston-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bomb bay could be loaded using a hand-operated <a href="/wiki/Winch" title="Winch">winch</a> incorporated into the fuselage.<sup id="cite_ref-moyes_16_18-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_16-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To achieve its relatively high speed, the Blenheim used a very small fuselage cross-section, with its upper front glazing all at one angle in the form of a "stepless cockpit" that used no separate <a href="/wiki/Windscreen" class="mw-redirect" title="Windscreen">windscreen</a> panels for the pilot, a notable feature of a substantial majority of German bomber designs, first conceived during the war years.<sup id="cite_ref-gunston_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gunston-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both fixed and sliding window panels were present, along with a transparent sliding roof.<sup id="cite_ref-moyes_16_18-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_16-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other onboard equipment included a <a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camera" title="Camera">cameras</a>, navigation systems, <a href="/wiki/Electric_light" title="Electric light">electric lighting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> apparatus, and stowage for <a href="/wiki/Parachute" title="Parachute">parachutes</a> and clothing.<sup id="cite_ref-moyes_16_18-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_16-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operational_history">Operational history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bristol_Blenheim&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Operational history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outbreak_of_war">Outbreak of war</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bristol_Blenheim&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Outbreak of war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BristolBlenheimCockpitIWMDuxford.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BristolBlenheimCockpitIWMDuxford.jpg/220px-BristolBlenheimCockpitIWMDuxford.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BristolBlenheimCockpitIWMDuxford.jpg/330px-BristolBlenheimCockpitIWMDuxford.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BristolBlenheimCockpitIWMDuxford.jpg/440px-BristolBlenheimCockpitIWMDuxford.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Bolingbroke IV cockpit. The Blenheim Mk IV cockpit was similar, but with a shorter instrument console. The navigator's position was in the nose, in front of the pilot. The ring and bead gunsight for the forward firing guns is visible.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bristol_Blenheims_62_Squadron_Singapore_Feb_1941.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bristol_Blenheims_62_Squadron_Singapore_Feb_1941.jpg/220px-Bristol_Blenheims_62_Squadron_Singapore_Feb_1941.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bristol_Blenheims_62_Squadron_Singapore_Feb_1941.jpg/330px-Bristol_Blenheims_62_Squadron_Singapore_Feb_1941.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bristol_Blenheims_62_Squadron_Singapore_Feb_1941.jpg/440px-Bristol_Blenheims_62_Squadron_Singapore_Feb_1941.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="607" /></a><figcaption>Blenheim Mk Is of <a href="/wiki/No._62_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 62 Squadron RAF">No. 62 Squadron RAF</a> lined up at <a href="/wiki/Tengah_Airbase" class="mw-redirect" title="Tengah Airbase">RAF Tengah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> February 1941</span></figcaption></figure> <p>In September 1939, the month in which the Second World War broke out, the Blenheim Mk I equipped two home-based squadrons and 11 overseas squadrons in locations such as <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aden" title="Aden">Aden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>. Further RAF squadrons had received, or were in the process of converting to, the more capable Blenheim Mk IV; 168 Blenheim Mk IV aircraft had entered RAF operational strength by the outbreak of war.<sup id="cite_ref-moyes_6_7_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_6_7-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_159_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_159-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the day that war was declared on Germany, a Blenheim Mk IV, <i>N6215</i>, piloted by <a href="/wiki/Flying_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Flying Officer">Flying Officer</a> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_McPherson_(RAF_officer)" title="Andrew McPherson (RAF officer)">Andrew McPherson</a> was the first British aircraft to cross the German coast to perform a high altitude reconnaissance mission upon the German Navy in the vicinity of <a href="/wiki/Wilhelmshaven" title="Wilhelmshaven">Wilhelmshaven</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_159_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_159-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following morning, 15 Blenheims from three squadrons set off on one of the first bombing missions to attack the ships spotted on the previous day.<sup id="cite_ref-Handbook_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Handbook-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_159_161_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_159_161-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The raid was a failure, only nine aircraft attacked, and only superficial damage was done to the <a href="/wiki/German_cruiser_Emden" title="German cruiser Emden">cruiser <i>Emden</i></a>, when one of <a href="/wiki/No._107_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 107 Squadron RAF">No. 107</a> Squadron's Blenheims crashed into the cruiser, killing 11 crewmen.<sup id="cite_ref-boris_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boris-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/RAF_Coastal_Command" title="RAF Coastal Command">RAF Coastal Command</a> were soon using the Blenheim with the stated mission of protecting British shipping convoys off the east coast.<sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_161_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_161-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shortly after the conflict's start, the <a href="/wiki/RAF_Advanced_Air_Striking_Force" title="RAF Advanced Air Striking Force">RAF Advanced Air Striking Force</a> (AASF) was deployed to numerous airfields in France, allowing for shorter range bombing missions against German targets, including industries.<sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_161_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_161-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several squadrons of Blenheim IVs were assigned to the AASF, being frequently used against targets in France and the <a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a> once the Battle of France had begun.<sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_161_162_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_161_162-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blenheims were also assigned to the air component of the <a href="/wiki/British_Expeditionary_Force_(World_War_II)" title="British Expeditionary Force (World War II)">British Expeditionary Force</a> of the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_161_162_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_161_162-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 1940, AASF and BEF Blenheims participated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a>, being sent against German forces moving towards <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, resulting in many aircraft quickly sustaining heavy damage or being lost to enemy fire.<sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_162_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_162-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> German attacks upon the French airfields also damaged a considerable number of Blenheims on the ground. On 14 May, a combined force of <a href="/wiki/Fairey_Battle" title="Fairey Battle">Fairey Battles</a> and Blenheims was dispatched on a counter-attack upon German forces as they broke through defensive lines: 40 out of 71 aircraft were lost in this sortie. This is claimed to be the highest ever losses known to the RAF.<sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_162_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_162-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further action by Blenheims of Bomber Command that day sustained a 25% aircraft loss despite a high level of British fighter cover.<sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_162_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_162-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly thereafter, the mostly-depleted squadrons were withdrawn to Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_162_164_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_162_164-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 50 Blenheims supported the <a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_evacuation" title="Dunkirk evacuation">Dunkirk evacuation</a> by harassing enemy forces.<sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_164_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_164-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rapid advances in technology which had taken place in the late 1930s had rendered the Blenheim mostly obsolete by the outbreak of the war. In particular, it had become heavier as extra service equipment was installed; much of this was found to be necessary through operational experience. This, coupled with the rapid performance increases of the fighters that would oppose it, had eclipsed the Blenheim's speed advantage.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 1941, the <a href="/wiki/Air_Staff_(United_Kingdom)" title="Air Staff (United Kingdom)">Air Staff</a> classified the Blenheim as inadequate in terms of performance and armament for current operations.<sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_170_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_170-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The light armament was seldom able to deter fighter opposition. Squadrons were forced to use several different improvisations in an attempt to provide better defensive armament, until officially sanctioned modifications were able to be introduced in early 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_164_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_164-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Blenheim also proved to be vulnerable to <a href="/wiki/Anti-aircraft_warfare" title="Anti-aircraft warfare">anti-aircraft artillery</a>, especially around the rear fuselage. Flexible, <a href="/wiki/Self-sealing_fuel_tank" title="Self-sealing fuel tank">self-sealing</a> liners had been fitted to the fuel tanks but they were still not fully protected against the 0.79 in (20 mm) <a href="/wiki/MG_FF_cannon" title="MG FF cannon">MG FF cannon</a> carried by the <i>Luftwaffe</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s <a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109">Bf 109</a> and <a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_110" title="Messerschmitt Bf 110">Bf 110</a> fighters.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Home_front">Home front</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bristol_Blenheim&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Home front"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Blenheim squadrons were still in immediate and high demand after their withdrawal from France as part of the British action during the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_campaign" title="Norwegian campaign">Norwegian campaign</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_164_166_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_164_166-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Typically operating from bases in the northern areas of the British mainland, such as <a href="/wiki/RAF_Lossiemouth" title="RAF Lossiemouth">RAF Lossiemouth</a>, flying for extended periods over the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a> led to the weather posing almost as much of a risk as enemy combatants, particularly as most of the Blenheim IVs lacked any heating or <a href="/wiki/Deicing" title="Deicing">deicing</a> systems; in response, some aircraft were later equipped with boilers fixed onto the starboard engine exhaust.<sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_166_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_166-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A sizeable number of losses occurred, caused by both enemy action and mid-air engine failures due to <a href="/wiki/Icing_conditions" class="mw-redirect" title="Icing conditions">icing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_166_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_166-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">fall of France</a> in June 1940, the <a href="/wiki/Free_French_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Free French Air Force">Free French Air Force</a> was formed at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Odiham" title="RAF Odiham">RAF Odiham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a>, in the form of <i>Groupe Mixte de Combat</i> (GMC) 1, consisting of a mixed bag of Blenheims and <a href="/wiki/Westland_Lysander" title="Westland Lysander">Westland Lysander</a> liaison/observation aircraft, which were later dispatched to North Africa and saw action against Italian and German forces.<sup id="cite_ref-moyes_7_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_7-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bristol_Blenheim_ExCC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Bristol_Blenheim_ExCC.jpg/220px-Bristol_Blenheim_ExCC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Bristol_Blenheim_ExCC.jpg/330px-Bristol_Blenheim_ExCC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Bristol_Blenheim_ExCC.jpg/440px-Bristol_Blenheim_ExCC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>A Bristol Blenheim Mk I in flight</figcaption></figure> <p>Blenheim units operated throughout the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Battle of Britain</a>, often taking heavy casualties, although they were never accorded the publicity of the fighter squadrons. From July to December 1940, Blenheims raided German-occupied airfields both in daylight and at night. Although most of these raids were unproductive, there were some successes; on 1 August five out of twelve Blenheims sent to attack <a href="/wiki/Haamstede" title="Haamstede">Haamstede</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haren_Airport" title="Haren Airport">Evere</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>) were able to bomb, damaging (50%, 40% and 10%) three Bf 109Es of II./JG 27 at Leuwarden and apparently killing a <i>Staffelkapitän</i> identified as <i><a href="/wiki/Hauptmann" title="Hauptmann">Hauptmann</a></i> Albrecht von Ankum-Frank. Two other 109s were claimed by Blenheim gunners.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_Note6f"><a href="#endnote_Note6f">[f]</a></sup> Another successful raid on Haamstede was made by a single Blenheim on 7 August which destroyed one 109 of 4./JG 54, heavily damaged another, and caused lighter damage to four more.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There were also some missions which produced an almost 100% casualty rate amongst the Blenheims. One such operation was mounted on 13 August 1940 against a <i>Luftwaffe</i> airfield near <a href="/wiki/Aalborg" title="Aalborg">Aalborg</a> in north-western <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> by twelve aircraft of <a href="/wiki/No._82_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 82 Squadron RAF">82 Squadron</a>. One Blenheim returned early (the pilot was later charged but was killed on another operation before a <a href="/wiki/Court_martial" class="mw-redirect" title="Court martial">court martial</a> was held); the other eleven, which reached Denmark, were shot down, five by flak and six by Bf 109s.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blenheim units had also been formed to carry out long-range strategic reconnaissance missions over Germany and German-occupied territories. In this role, the Blenheims once again proved to be too slow and vulnerable against <i>Luftwaffe</i> fighters and they took constant casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wreckage_of_an_RAF_Bristol_Blenheim_downed_on_15_February_1941_(2189-023-004-001).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Wreckage_of_an_RAF_Bristol_Blenheim_downed_on_15_February_1941_%282189-023-004-001%29.jpg/220px-Wreckage_of_an_RAF_Bristol_Blenheim_downed_on_15_February_1941_%282189-023-004-001%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Wreckage_of_an_RAF_Bristol_Blenheim_downed_on_15_February_1941_%282189-023-004-001%29.jpg/330px-Wreckage_of_an_RAF_Bristol_Blenheim_downed_on_15_February_1941_%282189-023-004-001%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Wreckage_of_an_RAF_Bristol_Blenheim_downed_on_15_February_1941_%282189-023-004-001%29.jpg/440px-Wreckage_of_an_RAF_Bristol_Blenheim_downed_on_15_February_1941_%282189-023-004-001%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1974" data-file-height="1231" /></a><figcaption>Wreckage of a Blenheim shot down over the Occupied Netherlands on 15 February 1941</figcaption></figure> <p>On 12 August 1941, an action described by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i> in 2006 as being the "RAF's most audacious and dangerous low-level bombing raid, a large-scale attack against power stations near Cologne" took place.<sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph-2006-04-10_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph-2006-04-10-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The raid was a low-level daylight raid by 54 Blenheims under the command of Wing Commander Nichol of <a href="/wiki/No._114_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 114 Squadron RAF">No. 114 Squadron RAF</a>. They hit their targets (Fortuna Power Station in <a href="/wiki/Bergheim,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Bergheim, North Rhine-Westphalia">Oberaußem-Fortuna</a> and the Goldenberg Power Station in <a href="/wiki/Knapsack,_Germany" title="Knapsack, Germany">Hürth-Knapsack</a>), but twelve of the Blenheims were lost during the raid, 22% of those that took part, which was far above the sustainable loss rate of less than 5%. The England cricketer <a href="/wiki/Squadron_leader" title="Squadron leader">Squadron leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Edrich" title="Bill Edrich">Bill Edrich</a> was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_Kingdom)" title="Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)">DFC</a> for his part in the raid.<sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph-2006-04-10_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph-2006-04-10-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 5 September 1940 Blenheims of Bomber Command began a bombing campaign targeting German-occupied ports along the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a>, alongside heavier bomber types.<sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_166_167_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_166_167-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bomber Command Blenheims also performed anti-shipping patrols due to Coastal Command's own strike squadrons being heavily depleted throughout the latter half of 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_167_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_167-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 11 March 1940, a Blenheim IV, <i>P4852</i>, became the first RAF aircraft to sink a <a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boat</a>, having scored two direct hits on <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-31_(1936)" title="German submarine U-31 (1936)">U-31</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Schillig_Roads" class="mw-redirect" title="Schillig Roads">Schillig Roads</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_170_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_170-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 1941, a campaign aiming to completely close off the Channel to enemy shipping was launched using an initial flight of Blenheims stationed at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Manston" title="RAF Manston">RAF Manston</a>. Between April and June that year, a total of 297 Blenheims of <a href="/wiki/No._2_Group_RAF" title="No. 2 Group RAF">No 2. Group</a> attacked German shipping at sea, losing 36 aircraft, while Coastal Command launched 143 attacks in the same period, losing 52 aircraft; by the end of the year, 698 ships had been attacked and 41 of these sunk for the loss of 123 aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_170_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_170-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fighter_operations">Fighter operations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bristol_Blenheim&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Fighter operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bristol_Blenheim_Mk_IVFs_of_No._254_Squadron_RAF_flying_from_Aldergrove_in_Northern_Ireland,_May_1941._CH2992.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Bristol_Blenheim_Mk_IVFs_of_No._254_Squadron_RAF_flying_from_Aldergrove_in_Northern_Ireland%2C_May_1941._CH2992.jpg/220px-Bristol_Blenheim_Mk_IVFs_of_No._254_Squadron_RAF_flying_from_Aldergrove_in_Northern_Ireland%2C_May_1941._CH2992.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Bristol_Blenheim_Mk_IVFs_of_No._254_Squadron_RAF_flying_from_Aldergrove_in_Northern_Ireland%2C_May_1941._CH2992.jpg/330px-Bristol_Blenheim_Mk_IVFs_of_No._254_Squadron_RAF_flying_from_Aldergrove_in_Northern_Ireland%2C_May_1941._CH2992.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Bristol_Blenheim_Mk_IVFs_of_No._254_Squadron_RAF_flying_from_Aldergrove_in_Northern_Ireland%2C_May_1941._CH2992.jpg/440px-Bristol_Blenheim_Mk_IVFs_of_No._254_Squadron_RAF_flying_from_Aldergrove_in_Northern_Ireland%2C_May_1941._CH2992.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2480" data-file-height="1778" /></a><figcaption>Formation of Blenheim IVFs in flight</figcaption></figure> <p>The Bristol Blenheim was used by both Bomber and <a href="/wiki/RAF_Fighter_Command" title="RAF Fighter Command">Fighter Commands</a>. About two hundred Mk I bombers were modified into Mk IF long-range fighters with <a href="/wiki/No._600_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 600 Squadron RAF">600 (Auxiliary Air Force) Squadron</a>, based at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Hendon" class="mw-redirect" title="RAF Hendon">Hendon</a>, the first squadron to take delivery in September 1938. By 1939, at least seven squadrons were operating them as fighters, increasing to about 60 squadrons within a few months. The Mk IF proved to be slower and less manoeuvrable than expected, and by June 1940 daylight Blenheim losses caused concern for Fighter Command. The Mk IF was relegated mainly to <a href="/wiki/Night_fighter" title="Night fighter">night fighter</a> duties where <a href="/wiki/No._23_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 23 Squadron RAF">No. 23 Squadron RAF</a>, which had already operated them at night, soon relegated them to night intruder operations as they were not effective as night fighters. </p><p>In the German night-bombing raid on London on 18 June 1940, Blenheims accounted for five German bombers, thus proving that they were better-suited for night fighting. In July, No. 600 Squadron, by then based at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Manston" title="RAF Manston">RAF Manston</a>, had some of its Mk IFs equipped with <a href="/wiki/AI_Mark_IV_radar#Mk._III" title="AI Mark IV radar">AI Mk III</a> radar. With this radar equipment, a Blenheim from the <a href="/wiki/Fighter_Interception_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Fighter Interception Unit">Fighter Interception Unit</a> (FIU) at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Ford" class="mw-redirect" title="RAF Ford">RAF Ford</a> achieved the first success on the night of 2–3 July 1940, accounting for a <a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_17" title="Dornier Do 17">Dornier Do 17</a> bomber.<sup id="cite_ref-moyes_6_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_6-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Blenheim was replaced by the faster and more heavily-armed <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Beaufighter" title="Bristol Beaufighter">Bristol Beaufighter</a> in 1940–1941. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mediterranean_and_Middle_East">Mediterranean and Middle East</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bristol_Blenheim&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Mediterranean and Middle East"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bristol_Blenheim_-_Egypt_-_Royal_Air_Force_Operations_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa,_1939-1943._CM18.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Bristol_Blenheim_-_Egypt_-_Royal_Air_Force_Operations_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa%2C_1939-1943._CM18.jpg/220px-Bristol_Blenheim_-_Egypt_-_Royal_Air_Force_Operations_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa%2C_1939-1943._CM18.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Bristol_Blenheim_-_Egypt_-_Royal_Air_Force_Operations_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa%2C_1939-1943._CM18.jpg/330px-Bristol_Blenheim_-_Egypt_-_Royal_Air_Force_Operations_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa%2C_1939-1943._CM18.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Bristol_Blenheim_-_Egypt_-_Royal_Air_Force_Operations_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa%2C_1939-1943._CM18.jpg/440px-Bristol_Blenheim_-_Egypt_-_Royal_Air_Force_Operations_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa%2C_1939-1943._CM18.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="607" /></a><figcaption>Armourers of No. 113 Squadron preparing to load a Blenheim Mk I prior to a raid on <a href="/wiki/Tobruk" title="Tobruk">Tobruk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1942</span></figcaption></figure> <p>On 11 June 1940, only hours after Italy's entry into the war on Germany's side, several Blenheim IVs bombed Italian positions.<sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_170_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_170-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In mid-1940, reinforcement ferry routes were established throughout Africa, starting in <a href="/wiki/Takoradi" class="mw-redirect" title="Takoradi">Takoradi</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast_(British_colony)" title="Gold Coast (British colony)">Gold Coast</a>. By the end of 1940, a total of three RAF squadrons equipped with Blenheim IV aircraft were performing anti-shipping, bombing, and reconnaissance missions in support of Allied ground forces in North Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_167_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_167-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By July 1941, it had been recognised that, in response to the increasing intensity of combat in <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> theatres, additional squadrons were urgently required.<sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_170_33-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_170-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the latter half of 1941, several Blenheim squadrons were flown out to <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>, many being stationed there into early 1942 before mainly being absorbed in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_(Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Desert (Egypt)">Western Desert</a> air operations.<sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_170_33-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_170-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Bomber Command gradually took Blenheims out of the Northern Europe theatre, they were often dispatched to other areas such as North Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_175_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_175-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a> in December 1941, some Blenheim squadrons in the Middle East were relocated from the theatre to the Far East in response to the new threat from Japanese forces.<sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_170_173_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_170_173-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_East_Asia">South East Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bristol_Blenheim&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: South East Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blenheims_flying_low.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Blenheims_flying_low.jpg/220px-Blenheims_flying_low.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Blenheims_flying_low.jpg/330px-Blenheims_flying_low.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Blenheims_flying_low.jpg/440px-Blenheims_flying_low.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="313" /></a><figcaption>Blenheims of <a href="/wiki/No._60_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 60 Squadron RAF">No. 60 Squadron RAF</a> flying low to attack a Japanese <a href="/wiki/Coastal_trading_vessel" title="Coastal trading vessel">coaster</a> off <a href="/wiki/Akyab" class="mw-redirect" title="Akyab">Akyab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a> on 11 October 1942</figcaption></figure> <p>Blenheims continued to operate widely in many combat roles until about 1943, equipping RAF squadrons in the UK and at British bases in <a href="/wiki/Aden" title="Aden">Aden</a>, India, <a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">British Malaya</a>, Singapore, and the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a>. Many Blenheims were lost to <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japanese</a> fighters during the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayan Campaign">Malayan Campaign</a> and the battles for <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Singapore">Singapore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Palembang" title="Battle of Palembang">Sumatra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Oughton_170_33-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oughton_170-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By that point, the traditional daylight light bomber role was more effectively carried out by suitable fighter-bombers, and the surviving examples were relegated to training duties. Nonetheless, the Blenheim played a role in preventing India from falling and in <a href="/wiki/Burma_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma Campaign">recapturing Burma</a>, destroying over 60 aircraft on the ground in raids on <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a> early in the campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-Blenheim_Squadrons_of_World_War_2_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blenheim_Squadrons_of_World_War_2-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One Blenheim pilot, Squadron Leader <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Stewart_King_Scarf" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Stewart King Scarf">Arthur Scarf</a>, was posthumously awarded the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">Victoria Cross</a> for an attack on <a href="/wiki/Singora" class="mw-redirect" title="Singora">Singora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, on 9 December 1941. Another bomber of <a href="/wiki/No._60_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 60 Squadron RAF">No. 60 Squadron RAF</a> was credited with shooting down Lt Col <a href="/wiki/Tateo_Kat%C5%8D" title="Tateo Katō">Tateo Katō</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Nakajima_Ki-43" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakajima Ki-43">Nakajima Ki-43</a> fighter and badly damaging two others in a single engagement on 22 May 1942, over the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a>. Katō's death was a severe blow to the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Japanese Army Air Force">Imperial Japanese Army Air Force</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Japanese_Army_Air_Force_Aces_1937-45_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Japanese_Army_Air_Force_Aces_1937-45-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Air Ministry's replacement for the Blenheim as a daylight bomber, another Bristol design, the <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Buckingham" title="Bristol Buckingham">Buckingham</a>, was overtaken by events and changes in requirements, and considered inferior to the <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Mosquito" title="De Havilland Mosquito">de Havilland Mosquito</a>, and as such did not see combat. The final ground-attack version – the Blenheim Mk V – first equipped 139 Squadron in June 1942. Eventually thirteen squadrons – mainly in the Middle East and Far East – received this variant but operated them generally only for a few months.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One Blenheim Mk IV left in Java by the retreating British forces in 1942 ended up in the hands of the fledgling <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Air_Force" title="Indonesian Air Force">Indonesian Air Force</a> (AURI). They repaired it, installed 950 hp (699 kW) <a href="/wiki/Nakajima_Sakae" title="Nakajima Sakae">Nakajima Sakae</a> engines, painted it in their colours, and flew it around <a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta" title="Yogyakarta">Yogyakarta</a> on at least three occasions.<sup id="cite_ref-GS76_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GS76-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="First_attack_on_the_Japanese_carrier_force_in_the_Pacific_War">First attack on the Japanese carrier force in the Pacific War</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bristol_Blenheim&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: First attack on the Japanese carrier force in the Pacific War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 9 April 1942, nine Blenheims from 11 Squadron RAF attacked <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABichi_Nagumo" title="Chūichi Nagumo">Admiral Chuichi Nagumo's</a> <a href="/wiki/1st_Air_Fleet" title="1st Air Fleet"><i>Kidō Butai</i></a>; the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Imperial Japanese</a> main <a href="/wiki/Carrier_battle_group" title="Carrier battle group">carrier battle group</a>. The Blenheims approached undetected by the <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero" title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero">A6M2 <i>Zero</i></a> <a href="/wiki/Combat_air_patrol" title="Combat air patrol">combat air patrol</a> (CAP) fighters, resulting in a total surprise-attack upon the Japanese carrier battle group.<sup id="cite_ref-Parshall_145_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parshall_145-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the bombers were able to drop bombs on fleet carrier <i><a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Akagi" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Akagi">Akagi</a></i> from an altitude of 11,000 feet (3,353 m),<sup id="cite_ref-Shores_1993_426_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shores_1993_426-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they fell off-target without scoring any hits.<sup id="cite_ref-Parshall_145_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parshall_145-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Four of the Blenheims were shot down over the carriers by CAP <i>Zeroes</i> (two of which were claimed by ace-fighter pilot <a href="/wiki/Kaname_Harada" title="Kaname Harada">Kaname Harada</a> from the <i><a href="/wiki/Soryu_(aircraft_carrier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soryu (aircraft carrier)">Soryu</a></i>), and by other Japanese aircraft returning from the earlier-strike on <a href="/wiki/HMS_Hermes_(95)" title="HMS Hermes (95)">HMS <i>Hermes</i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Shores_1993_426_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shores_1993_426-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> shooting down two <i>Zeroes</i> in return.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the first time a Japanese carrier force had faced a concerted air attack in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Parshall_145_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parshall_145-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finland">Finland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bristol_Blenheim&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Finland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bristol_Blenheim_Mk._IV_of_the_Finnish_Air_Force.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bristol_Blenheim_Mk._IV_of_the_Finnish_Air_Force.jpg/220px-Bristol_Blenheim_Mk._IV_of_the_Finnish_Air_Force.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bristol_Blenheim_Mk._IV_of_the_Finnish_Air_Force.jpg/330px-Bristol_Blenheim_Mk._IV_of_the_Finnish_Air_Force.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bristol_Blenheim_Mk._IV_of_the_Finnish_Air_Force.jpg/440px-Bristol_Blenheim_Mk._IV_of_the_Finnish_Air_Force.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="172" /></a><figcaption>Bristol Blenheim BL-129 of Finnish Air Force <a href="/wiki/No._44_Squadron,_Finnish_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="No. 44 Squadron, Finnish Air Force">LeLv 44</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>In 1936, the Finnish Air Force became the first export customer for the Blenheim, ordering 18 Blenheim Mk Is, which were delivered from Britain between June 1937 and July 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-moyes_11_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_11-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two years later, Finland obtained a manufacturing licence for the Blenheim. Before any aircraft could be manufactured at the <i><a href="/wiki/Valtion_lentokonetehdas" title="Valtion lentokonetehdas">Valtion lentokonetehdas</a></i> (State Aeroplane Factory) in Finland, the <a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a> broke out, forcing the Finns to order more aircraft from the UK. A further 24 British-manufactured Blenheims were ordered during the Winter War and were delivered from the RAF's own stocks.<sup id="cite_ref-moyes_11_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_11-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the aftermath of the Winter War, 55 Blenheims were constructed in Finland, the final aircraft being completed in September 1944; this brought the total number of Blenheims in Finnish service to 97 (75 Mk Is and 22 Mk IVs).<sup id="cite_ref-Backwoods_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Backwoods-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-moyes_11_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_11-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Finns also received 20 half-completed ex-Yugoslavian Mk IV Blenheims captured by Germany, together with manufacturing tools, production equipment, and a huge variety of spare parts, although some of these had been damaged or otherwise destroyed through <a href="/wiki/Sabotage" title="Sabotage">sabotage</a>. Yugoslavia had ceased production of the Mk I and commenced a production run of Mk IVs just prior to the April 1941 invasion.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-moyes_11_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_11-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British-made Blenheims had RAF green interiors, RAF seat belts and instruments on imperial units, while Finnish-made Blenheims had medium grey interiors, Finnish-style seat belts and metric instruments.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blenheim-luonetjarvi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Blenheim-luonetjarvi.jpg/220px-Blenheim-luonetjarvi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Blenheim-luonetjarvi.jpg/330px-Blenheim-luonetjarvi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Blenheim-luonetjarvi.jpg/440px-Blenheim-luonetjarvi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2300" data-file-height="1406" /></a><figcaption>Blenheim I (BL-111) coming in for a landing on Luonetjärvi Airfield, March 1944. BL-111 was a Series I aircraft with doorless bomb bays.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Finnish Blenheims flew 423 missions during the Winter War, and close to 3,000 missions during the <a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Continuation War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">Lapland War</a>. Blenheim machine-gunners also shot down eight Soviet aircraft. Thirty-seven Blenheims were lost in combat during the wars.<sup id="cite_ref-Backwoods_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Backwoods-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Finnish Blenheims were divided on six series (<i>sarja</i>): </p> <dl><dd>Series I (BL-104..BL-121): 18 British-made Blenheim I bombers with doorless bomb bays. Arrived in 1938</dd> <dd>Series II (BL-146..BL-160): 15 Finnish-made Blenheim I bombers with deepened bomb bay doors. In service by 1941.</dd> <dd>Series III (BL-122..BL-133): 12 British-made Blenheim IV bombers ("long-noses"). Arrived in January 1940.</dd> <dd>Series IV (BL-134..BL-145): 12 British-made Blenheim I bombers. Arrived in February 1940.</dd> <dd>Series V (BL-161..BL-190): 30 Finnish-made Blenheim I bombers. In service by 1943.</dd> <dd>Series VI (BL-196..BL-205): 10 Finnish-made Blenheim IV bombers. In service by 1944.</dd> <dd>Series VII (BL-191..BL-195): six Finnish-made Blenheim I bombers, was cancelled in 1944.</dd></dl> <p>Series I with doorless bomb bays could carry 1,800 lb (800 kg) bomb load in the bomb bay and up to 220 lb (100 kg) in wing cells. Series II, V and VI could carry 1,800 lb (800 kg) load on bomb bay and 379 lb (172 kg) on wing cells and fuselage racks. Series III and IV had the original RAF bomb bays and racks and could carry only 1,000 lb (450 kg) load on bomb bay and 200 lb (91 kg) on wing cells. The bomb bays, bomb bay doors and bomb racks of various series were modified on major overhauls to host bigger bombs.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the war, Finland was prohibited from flying bomber aircraft by the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Treaties,_1947" title="Paris Peace Treaties, 1947">Paris Peace Treaty</a>, with Finland's Blenheims being placed into storage in 1948. However, in 1951, five Blenheims were re-activated for use as <a href="/wiki/Target_tug" title="Target tug">target tugs</a>, with the last flight of a Finnish Blenheim taking place on 20 May 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-StenmanAE_p35_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StenmanAE_p35-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The usual nickname of Blenheim in the Finnish Air Force was <i>Pelti-Heikki</i> ("Tin Henry"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bristol_Blenheim&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blenheim_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Blenheim_2.jpg/220px-Blenheim_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Blenheim_2.jpg/330px-Blenheim_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Blenheim_2.jpg/440px-Blenheim_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Bolingbroke IVT in the Commonwealth Air Training Plan Museum, Brandon, Manitoba</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>Blenheim Mk.I</dt> <dd>Three-seat twin-engined light bomber, powered by two 840 hp (630 kW) Bristol Mercury VIII radial piston engines, armed with a 0.303 in (7.7 mm) machine gun in the port wing, plus a 0.303 in (7.7 mm) Vickers K gun in the dorsal turret, maximum bombload 1,000 lb (450 kg). 1,552 built. Company designation <b>Type 142M</b>.</dd> <dt>Blenheim Mk.IF</dt> <dd>Night fighter version, equipped with an AI Mk III or Mk IV airborne interceptor radar, armed with four 0.303 in (7.7 mm) machine guns in a special gun pack under the fuselage. About 200 Blenheim Mk Is were converted into Mk IF night fighters.</dd> <dt>Blenheim Mk.II</dt> <dd>Long-range reconnaissance version with extra fuel tankage. One built.</dd> <dt>Blenheim Mk.III</dt> <dd>Prototype for Mk.IV with lengthened nose.</dd> <dt>Blenheim Mk.IV/Bolingbroke I</dt> <dd>Improved version, fitted with protective armour and extended nose, powered by two 905 hp (675 kW) Bristol Mercury XV radial piston engines, armed with a 0.303 in (7.7 mm) machine gun in the port wing, plus two 0.303 in (7.7 mm) machine-guns in a powered operated dorsal turret, and two remotely controlled rearward-firing 0.303 in (7.7 mm) machine guns mounted beneath the nose, maximum bombload 1,000 lb (450 kg) internally and 320 lb (150 kg) externally. 3,307 built. Company designation <b>Type 149</b></dd> <dt>Blenheim Mk.IVF</dt> <dd>Long-range fighter version, armed with four 0.303 in (7.7 mm) machine guns in special gun pack under the fuselage. About 60 Blenheim Mk IVs were converted into Mk IVF fighters.</dd> <dt>Blenheim Mk.V/Bisley Mk.I</dt> <dd>High-altitude bomber, powered by two Bristol Mercury XV or XXV radial piston engines. Company designation <b>Type 160</b></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operators">Operators</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bristol_Blenheim&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Operators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Bristol_Blenheim_operators" title="List of Bristol Blenheim operators">List of Bristol Blenheim operators</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Canada_(1921%E2%80%931957).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Greece"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Greece</a></span></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/23px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/35px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/46px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a><sup id="cite_ref-GS76_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GS76-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Yugoslavia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Surviving_aircraft">Surviving aircraft</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bristol_Blenheim&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Surviving aircraft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bristol_Blenheim_Mk_IV_(BL-200).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Bristol_Blenheim_Mk_IV_%28BL-200%29.jpg/220px-Bristol_Blenheim_Mk_IV_%28BL-200%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Bristol_Blenheim_Mk_IV_%28BL-200%29.jpg/330px-Bristol_Blenheim_Mk_IV_%28BL-200%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Bristol_Blenheim_Mk_IV_%28BL-200%29.jpg/440px-Bristol_Blenheim_Mk_IV_%28BL-200%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Blenheim IV BL-200 (with the <a href="/wiki/Western_use_of_the_swastika_in_the_early_20th_century#Finland" title="Western use of the swastika in the early 20th century">Finnish Hakaristi</a> markings) at the Aviation Museum of Central Finland</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blenheim_-_Duxford_(17782655268).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Blenheim_-_Duxford_%2817782655268%29.jpg/220px-Blenheim_-_Duxford_%2817782655268%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Blenheim_-_Duxford_%2817782655268%29.jpg/330px-Blenheim_-_Duxford_%2817782655268%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Blenheim_-_Duxford_%2817782655268%29.jpg/440px-Blenheim_-_Duxford_%2817782655268%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2333" /></a><figcaption>Bolingbroke IVT with an early Blenheim nose grafted on, flying at Duxford in 2015, painted as Mk.1 L6739</figcaption></figure> <p>In Finland, the sole surviving original Blenheim in the world, a Mk IV registered as BL-200 of the Finnish Air Force, has been completely restored and is now on display at the <a href="/wiki/Aviation_Museum_of_Central_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Aviation Museum of Central Finland">Aviation Museum of Central Finland</a> at Tikkakoski.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An airworthy Blenheim was rebuilt from a scrapped Bolingbroke over a 12-year period, only to crash at an airshow at <a href="/wiki/Denham_Aerodrome" title="Denham Aerodrome">Denham</a> within a month of completion in 1987. </p><p>A replacement Bolingbroke Mk IVT was rebuilt to flying status over five years and painted to represent a Blenheim Mk IV in RAF wartime service. It began flying at air shows and exhibitions in the UK in May 1993, and was used in the 1995 film version of <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespeare's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Richard_III_(1995_film)" title="Richard III (1995 film)">Richard III</a></i>. This aircraft crashed on landing at Duxford on 18 August 2003,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but after extensive repair and conversion to the Mark I "Short nose" version by The <a href="/wiki/Historic_Flying_Limited" title="Historic Flying Limited">Aircraft Restoration Company (ARC)</a> at <a href="/wiki/Duxford_Aerodrome" title="Duxford Aerodrome">Duxford</a>, was displayed to the public on 30 May 2014, and flew again, for 29 minutes, on 20 November 2014, following restoration at the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_War_Museum_Duxford" title="Imperial War Museum Duxford">Imperial War Museum Duxford</a>, Cambridgeshire, England.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The aircraft appeared in the 2017 <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nolan" title="Christopher Nolan">Christopher Nolan</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_(2017_film)" title="Dunkirk (2017 film)">Dunkirk</a></i>. </p><p>In summer 1996, a Bristol Blenheim Mk IVF was recovered from the sea, a few kilometres off <a href="/wiki/Rethymnon" class="mw-redirect" title="Rethymnon">Rethymnon</a>, Crete. The aircraft belonged to <a href="/wiki/No._203_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 203 Squadron RAF">No. 203 Squadron RAF</a> and was downed by friendly fire on 28 April 1941. The Blenheim was moved to the <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Air_Force_Museum" title="Hellenic Air Force Museum">Hellenic Air Force Museum</a> for restoration.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Kent_Battle_of_Britain_Museum" title="Kent Battle of Britain Museum">Kent Battle of Britain Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hawkinge" title="Hawkinge">Hawkinge</a> began a project to build a Blenheim IVF using the remains of four Bristol Bolingbrokes in 2018. The <a href="/wiki/Historic_Flying_Limited" title="Historic Flying Limited">Aircraft Restoration Company (ARC)</a> provided the left-over parts from its own Blenheim restoration.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Museum_of_the_Armed_Forces_and_Military_History" title="Royal Museum of the Armed Forces and Military History">Royal Museum of the Armed Forces and Military History</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> exhibits a Bolingbroke painted as a <a href="/wiki/No._139_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 139 Squadron RAF">No. 139 Squadron RAF</a> Blenheim XD-A that crash landed in May 1940 in Belgium. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Bolingbroke" title="Bristol Bolingbroke">Bolingbroke</a> is being restored for museum display at <a href="/wiki/Aerospace_Bristol" title="Aerospace Bristol">Aerospace Bristol</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifications_(Blenheim_Mk_IV)"><span id="Specifications_.28Blenheim_Mk_IV.29"></span>Specifications (Blenheim Mk IV)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bristol_Blenheim&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Specifications (Blenheim Mk IV)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bristol_Blenheim.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Bristol_Blenheim.png/220px-Bristol_Blenheim.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Bristol_Blenheim.png/330px-Bristol_Blenheim.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Bristol_Blenheim.png/440px-Bristol_Blenheim.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="951" /></a><figcaption>3-view drawing of the Blenheim Mk I(F), with scrap views showing the Mk IV and Mk V variants</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bristol_Blenheim_restoration,_Duxford_Military_Vehicles_Day_and_MAFVA_Nationals_2012._(7425392456).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Bristol_Blenheim_restoration%2C_Duxford_Military_Vehicles_Day_and_MAFVA_Nationals_2012._%287425392456%29.jpg/220px-Bristol_Blenheim_restoration%2C_Duxford_Military_Vehicles_Day_and_MAFVA_Nationals_2012._%287425392456%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Bristol_Blenheim_restoration%2C_Duxford_Military_Vehicles_Day_and_MAFVA_Nationals_2012._%287425392456%29.jpg/330px-Bristol_Blenheim_restoration%2C_Duxford_Military_Vehicles_Day_and_MAFVA_Nationals_2012._%287425392456%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Bristol_Blenheim_restoration%2C_Duxford_Military_Vehicles_Day_and_MAFVA_Nationals_2012._%287425392456%29.jpg/440px-Bristol_Blenheim_restoration%2C_Duxford_Military_Vehicles_Day_and_MAFVA_Nationals_2012._%287425392456%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3043" data-file-height="2103" /></a><figcaption>A Bristol Blenheim undergoing restoration at <a href="/wiki/Imperial_War_Museum_Duxford" title="Imperial War Museum Duxford">Imperial War Museum Duxford</a>, 2012</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A.M._T1082_R1083_radio_Bristol_Blenheim.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/A.M._T1082_R1083_radio_Bristol_Blenheim.JPG/220px-A.M._T1082_R1083_radio_Bristol_Blenheim.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/A.M._T1082_R1083_radio_Bristol_Blenheim.JPG/330px-A.M._T1082_R1083_radio_Bristol_Blenheim.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/A.M._T1082_R1083_radio_Bristol_Blenheim.JPG/440px-A.M._T1082_R1083_radio_Bristol_Blenheim.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Blenheim T1082 (transmitter) and R1083 (receiver) radio sets</figcaption></figure> <p style="font-size: 90%; margin:0;"><i>Data from</i> <i>British Warplanes of World War II</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Marchp43_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marchp43-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The Bristol Blenheim I</i><sup id="cite_ref-moyes_16_18-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyes_16-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>General characteristics</b></span> </p><ul><li><b>Crew:</b> 3</li> <li><b>Length:</b> 42 ft 7 in (12.98 m)</li> <li><b>Wingspan:</b> 56 ft 4 in (17.17 m)</li> <li><b>Height:</b> 9 ft 10 in (3.00 m)</li> <li><b>Wing area:</b> 469 sq ft (43.6 m<sup>2</sup>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Airfoil" title="Airfoil">Airfoil</a>:</b> RAF-28 (18%)<sup id="cite_ref-Selig_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Selig-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Empty weight:</b> 9,790 lb (4,441 kg)</li> <li><b>Gross weight:</b> 14,400 lb (6,532 kg)</li> <li><b>Powerplant:</b> 2 × <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Mercury_XV" class="mw-redirect" title="Bristol Mercury XV">Bristol Mercury XV</a> 9-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engines, 920 hp (690 kW) each</li> <li><b>Propellers:</b> 3-bladed <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Standard" title="Hamilton Standard">Hamilton Standard</a> variable-pitch propellers, built under a license agreement (1935) by de Havilland</li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Performance</b></span> </p> <ul><li><b>Maximum speed:</b> 266 mph (428 km/h, 231 kn) at 11,800 ft (3,600 m)</li> <li><b>Cruise speed:</b> 198 mph (319 km/h, 172 kn)</li> <li><b>Range:</b> 1,460 mi (2,350 km, 1,270 nmi)</li> <li><b>Service ceiling:</b> 27,260 ft (8,310 m)</li> <li><b>Time to altitude:</b> 6,500 ft (2,000 m) in 4 minutes 10 seconds</li> <li><b>Wing loading:</b> 30.7 lb/sq ft (150 kg/m<sup>2</sup>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Power-to-weight_ratio" title="Power-to-weight ratio">Power/mass</a>:</b> 0.13 hp/lb (0.21 kW/kg)</li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Armament</b></span><br /> </p> <ul><li><b>Guns:</b> ** 1 × .303 in (7.7 mm) <a href="/wiki/M1919_Browning_machine_gun" title="M1919 Browning machine gun">Browning machine gun</a> in port wing <ul><li>1 or 2 × .303 in (7.7 mm) Browning guns rear-firing in under-nose blister or <a href="/wiki/Nash_%26_Thompson" title="Nash & Thompson">Nash & Thompson</a> FN.54 turret</li> <li>2 × .303 in (7.7 mm) Browning guns in dorsal turret</li></ul></li> <li><b>Bombs:</b> * 1,200 lb (540 kg) total <ul><li>4 × 250 lb (110 kg) General Purpose bombs <i>or</i></li> <li>2 × 500 lb (230 kg) GP bombs internally and 8 × 40 lb (18 kg) GP bombs externally</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>Finnish Series VI Blenheim IVs could carry a 1,800 lb (800 kg) load on bomb bay and 379 lb (172 kg) on wing cells and fuselage racks.</li></ul></li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Avionics</b></span><br /> </p> <ul><li>T1082 (transmitter) and R1083 (receiver) radio sets</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bristol_Blenheim&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 18%; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aM60r3kEmaQ">Period news report on the Blenheim</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGtv79u2y7Q">Footage and images of Blenheim operations</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pS6F0mxVP5E">Preserved Blenheim MK.IF taking off and performing multiple flypasts in 2015</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p> <b>Related development</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Beaufort" title="Bristol Beaufort">Bristol Beaufort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Beaufighter" title="Bristol Beaufighter">Bristol Beaufighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Fairchild_Bolingbroke" class="mw-redirect" title="Bristol Fairchild Bolingbroke">Bristol Fairchild Bolingbroke</a></li></ul> <p><b>Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloch_MB.170" title="Bloch MB.170">Bloch MB.170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_17" title="Dornier Do 17">Dornier Do 17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_B-18" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas B-18">Douglas B-18</a> <i>Bolo</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawasaki_Ki-48" title="Kawasaki Ki-48">Kawasaki Ki-48</a> <i>Sokei</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Hudson" title="Lockheed Hudson">Lockheed Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_SB" title="Tupolev SB">Tupolev SB</a></li></ul> <p> <b>Related lists</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bomber_aircraft" title="List of bomber aircraft">List of bomber aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_the_United_Kingdom_in_World_War_II" title="List of aircraft of the United Kingdom in World War II">List of aircraft of the United Kingdom in World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_World_War_II" title="List of aircraft of World War II">List of aircraft of World War II</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bristol_Blenheim&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bristol_Blenheim&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A Span Of Wings, An Autobiography Sir Archibald Russell 1992, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1%2B85310%2B234%2B2" title="Special:BookSources/1+85310+234+2">1 85310 234 2</a>, p.39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-moyes_3-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_3_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_3_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_3_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_3_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_3_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_3_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_3_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Moyes 1966, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barnes_p258-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barnes_p258_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnes 1964, p.258.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barnes_p259-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barnes_p259_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnes 1964, p. 259.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-moyes_3_4-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-moyes_3_4_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moyes 1966, pp. 3–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-moyes_4-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_4_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_4_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_4_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_4_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_4_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_4_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_4_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_4_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_4_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Moyes 1966, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mason_p269-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mason_p269_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mason_p269_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mason_p269_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mason 1994, p. 269.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-moyes_6-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_6_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_6_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_6_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_6_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_6_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Moyes 1966, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oughton_159-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_159_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_159_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_159_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_159_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_159_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_159_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_159_9-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Oughton 1971, p. 159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-moyes_11-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_11_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_11_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_11_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_11_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_11_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Moyes 1966, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-moyes_11_12-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-moyes_11_12_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moyes 1966, pp. 11–12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oughton_157_176-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_157_176_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oughton 1971, pp. 157, 176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oughton_157-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_157_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_157_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_157_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Oughton 1971, p. 157.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-moyes_7-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_7_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_7_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Moyes 1966, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oughton_157_158-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_157_158_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oughton 1971, pp. 157–158.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oughton_158_159-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_158_159_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oughton 1971, pp. 158–159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oughton_158-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_158_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oughton 1971, p. 158.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-moyes_16-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_16_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_16_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_16_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_16_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_16_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_16_18-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_16_18-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_16_18-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_16_18-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_16_18-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_16_18-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_16_18-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_16_18-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moyes_16_18-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Moyes 1966, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oughton_177-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_177_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oughton 1971, p. 177.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barnes_p266-7-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barnes_p266-7_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnes 1964, pp. 266–267.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gunston-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gunston_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gunston_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gunston_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gunston, Bill. <i>Classic World War II Aircraft Cutaways</i>. London: Osprey, 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85532-526-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-85532-526-8">1-85532-526-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-moyes_12_13-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-moyes_12_13_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moyes 1966, pp. 12–13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-moyes_6_7-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-moyes_6_7_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moyes 1966, pp. 6–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Handbook-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Handbook_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Falconer 1998, p. 212.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oughton_159_161-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_159_161_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oughton 1971, pp. 159, 161.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-boris-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-boris_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorisenko2012" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Borisenko, Igor (October 2012). "Kryeser «Emden». Pyervaya zhertva Korolevskih VVS" [Cruiser Emden. First vistim of the RAF]. <i>Arsenal-Kollektsya</i> (in Russian). Vol. 4/2012 (4). Moscow. pp. 47–49.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arsenal-Kollektsya&rft.atitle=Kryeser+%C2%ABEmden%C2%BB.+Pyervaya+zhertva+Korolevskih+VVS&rft.volume=4%2F2012+%284%29&rft.pages=47-49&rft.date=2012-10&rft.aulast=Borisenko&rft.aufirst=Igor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABristol+Blenheim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oughton_161-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_161_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_161_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Oughton 1971, p. 161.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oughton_161_162-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_161_162_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_161_162_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Oughton 1971, pp. 161–162.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oughton_162-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_162_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_162_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_162_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Oughton 1971, p. 162.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oughton_162_164-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_162_164_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oughton 1971, pp. 162, 164.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oughton_164-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_164_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_164_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Oughton 1971, p. 164.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warner 2005, p. 158.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oughton_170-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_170_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_170_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_170_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_170_33-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_170_33-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_170_33-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_170_33-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Oughton 1971, p. 170.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warner 2005, pp. 155–158.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oughton_164_166-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_164_166_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oughton 1971, pp. 164, 166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oughton_166-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_166_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_166_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Oughton 1971, p. 166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ramsay 1989, p. 552.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ramsay 1989, p. 555.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warner 2005, p. 255.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warner 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Telegraph-2006-04-10-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Telegraph-2006-04-10_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Telegraph-2006-04-10_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1515268/Wing-Commander-Tom-Baker.html">"Obituary of Wing Commander Tom Baker."</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>, 10 April 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Frith 1987, p. 365.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gardner. James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/theartofwar/prop/the_fighting_forces/INF3_0850.htm">"Bristol Blenheims" (Pencil and watercolour on board, 1941).</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">National Archives</a></i>. Retrieved: 22 July 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oughton_166_167-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_166_167_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oughton 1971, pp. 166–167.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oughton_167-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_167_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_167_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Oughton 1971, p. 167.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oughton_175-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_175_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oughton 1971, p. 175.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oughton_170_173-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oughton_170_173_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oughton 1971, pp. 170, 173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blenheim_Squadrons_of_World_War_2-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Blenheim_Squadrons_of_World_War_2_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lake 1998, pp. 89–90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Japanese_Army_Air_Force_Aces_1937-45-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Japanese_Army_Air_Force_Aces_1937-45_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sakaida 1997, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jefford 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GS76-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GS76_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GS76_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenSwanborough1976" class="citation magazine cs1">Green, William; Swanborough, Gordon, eds. (1976). "Pentagon over the islands". <i>Air Enthusiast Quarterly</i>. Vol. 2. pp. 155–156.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Air+Enthusiast+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Pentagon+over+the+islands&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=155-156&rft.date=1976&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABristol+Blenheim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Parshall_145-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Parshall_145_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Parshall_145_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Parshall_145_52-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Parshall, p. 145</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shores_1993_426-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shores_1993_426_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shores_1993_426_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shores 1993, p. 426–427</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShores1993" class="citation book cs1">Shores, Christopher (1993). <i>Bloody Shambles: Volume Two: The Defence of Sumatra to the Fall of Burma</i>. Grub Street. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0948817670" title="Special:BookSources/978-0948817670"><bdi>978-0948817670</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bloody+Shambles%3A+Volume+Two%3A+The+Defence+of+Sumatra+to+the+Fall+of+Burma&rft.pub=Grub+Street&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0948817670&rft.aulast=Shores&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABristol+Blenheim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Backwoods-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Backwoods_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Backwoods_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Perttula, Pentti.(1999) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010331180939/http://www.sci.fi/~ambush/faf/blenheim.html"><i>Bristol Blenheim."</i></a><i> </i>Backwoods Landing Strip: Finnish Air Force Aircraft<i>, </i>FAF in Colour<i>. Retrieved: 27 June 2009.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ciglic and Savic 2002, p. 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Raunio, Jukka: Lentäjän näkökulma IV, Forssan Kirjapaino OY, 1998</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Keskinen, Kalevi, Stenman, Kari: Suomen Ilmavoimien Historia 10: Bristol Blenheim, 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StenmanAE_p35-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-StenmanAE_p35_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stenman <i>Air Enthusiast</i> Summer 1994, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.k-silmailumuseo.fi">"Keski-Suomen Ilmailumuseon (The Aviation Museum of Central Finland)."</a> <i>k-silmailumuseo.fi</i>. Retrieved: 21 July 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/cambridgeshire/3162809.stm">"Airfield to examine safety after crash"</a>. BBC. 19 August 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Airfield+to+examine+safety+after+crash&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2003-08-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fengland%2Fcambridgeshire%2F3162809.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABristol+Blenheim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.872552412755500.1073741870.386907504653329&type=1">"The Blenheim Flys – November 20th 2014."</a> <i>Facebook</i>. Retrieved: 25 April 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haf.gr/en/history/museum/exhibition.asp">"Μουσείο Πολεμικής Αεροπορίας (Hellenic Airforce Museum)."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120318075955/http://www.haf.gr/en/history/museum/exhibition.asp">Archived</a> 18 March 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>haf.gr.</i> Retrieved: 18 April 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kbobm.org/blenheim_project.html">"Blenheim Project: Kent Battle of Britain Museum"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blenheim+Project%3A+Kent+Battle+of+Britain+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kbobm.org%2Fblenheim_project.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABristol+Blenheim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marchp43-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Marchp43_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">March 1998, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Selig-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Selig_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLednicer" class="citation web cs1">Lednicer, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html">"The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage"</a>. <i>UIUC Applied Aerodynamics Group</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UIUC+Applied+Aerodynamics+Group&rft.atitle=The+Incomplete+Guide+to+Airfoil+Usage&rft.aulast=Lednicer&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm-selig.ae.illinois.edu%2Fads%2Faircraft.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABristol+Blenheim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bristol_Blenheim&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Air Ministry Pilot's Notes: Blenheim</i>. London: HMSO (reprint by Air Data Publications), 1939.</li> <li><i>Air Ministry Pilot's Notes: Blenheim V</i>. London: HMSO (reprint by Air Data Publications), 1942.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAxworthy1999" class="citation journal cs1">Axworthy, Mark (September–October 1999). "Flank Guard: Romania's Advance on Stalingrad, Part Two". <i>Air Enthusiast</i> (65): 72–75. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0143-5450">0143-5450</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Air+Enthusiast&rft.atitle=Flank+Guard%3A+Romania%27s+Advance+on+Stalingrad%2C+Part+Two&rft.issue=65&rft.pages=72-75&rft.date=1999-09%2F1999-10&rft.issn=0143-5450&rft.aulast=Axworthy&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABristol+Blenheim" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Barnes, C.H. <i>Bristol Aircraft Since 1910</i>. London: Putnam, 1970. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85177-804-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-85177-804-6">0-85177-804-6</a>.</li> <li>Boiten, T. <i>Bristol Blenheim</i>. Ramsbury, Marlborough, Wiltshire, UK: The Crowood Press, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86126-115-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-86126-115-2">1-86126-115-2</a>.</li> <li>Bowyer, C. <i>Bristol Blenheim</i>. London: Ian Allan, 1984. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7110-1351-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7110-1351-9">0-7110-1351-9</a>.</li> <li>Chorley, W.R. <i>RAF Bomber Command Losses of the Second World War: 1939–40 v. 1.</i> Earl Shilton, Leicester, UK: Midland Publishing, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-904597-85-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-904597-85-1">978-0-904597-85-1</a>.</li> <li>Ciglić, Boris and Dragan Savić. <i>Croatian Aces of World War II</i> (Osprey Aircraft of the Aces – 49). London: Oxford, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84176-435-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-84176-435-3">1-84176-435-3</a>.</li> <li>Donald, David. <i>The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft</i>. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7607-0592-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7607-0592-5">0-7607-0592-5</a>.</li> <li>Falconer, Jonathon. <i>The Bomber Command Handbook 1939–1945.</i> Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing Limited, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7509-1819-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7509-1819-0">978-0-7509-1819-0</a>.</li> <li>Frith, David. <i>Pageant of Cricket.</i> Melbourne: The Macmillan Company of Australia, 1987. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-45177-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-45177-9">978-0-333-45177-9</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenSwanboroughn.d." class="citation journal cs1">Green, William & Swanborough, Gordon (n.d.). "Pentagon Over the Islands: The Thirty-Year History of Indonesian Military Aviation". <i>Air Enthusiast Quarterly</i> (2): 154–162. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0143-5450">0143-5450</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Air+Enthusiast+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Pentagon+Over+the+Islands%3A+The+Thirty-Year+History+of+Indonesian+Military+Aviation&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=154-162&rft.issn=0143-5450&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Swanborough%2C+Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABristol+Blenheim" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeskinenStenman2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Keskinen, Kalevi; Stenman, Kari (2004). <i>Suomen Ilmavoimien Historia 10, Bristol Blenheim</i> [<i>History of the Finnish Air Force 10, Bristol Blenheim</i>] (in Finnish). Loviisa, Finland: Painoyhtymä Oy. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/952-99432-1-0" title="Special:BookSources/952-99432-1-0"><bdi>952-99432-1-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Suomen+Ilmavoimien+Historia+10%2C+Bristol+Blenheim&rft.place=Loviisa%2C+Finland&rft.pub=Painoyhtym%C3%A4+Oy&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=952-99432-1-0&rft.aulast=Keskinen&rft.aufirst=Kalevi&rft.au=Stenman%2C+Kari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABristol+Blenheim" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Jefford, C.G. <i>RAF Squadrons: A Comprehensive Record of the Movement and Equipment of All RAF Squadrons and Their Antecedents Since 1912</i>. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing, 2nd edition, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84037-141-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-84037-141-2">1-84037-141-2</a>.</li> <li>Lake, Jon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Qd_q9xQBZ4QC"><i>Blenheim Squadrons of World War 2</i>.</a> Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85532-723-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-85532-723-6">1-85532-723-6</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCortet2002" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cortet, Pierre (April 2002). "Des avions alliés aux couleurs japonais" [Allied Aircraft in Japanese Colors]. <i>Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire</i> (in French) (109): 17–21. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1243-8650">1243-8650</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avions%3A+Toute+l%27A%C3%A9ronautique+et+son+histoire&rft.atitle=Des+avions+alli%C3%A9s+aux+couleurs+japonais&rft.issue=109&rft.pages=17-21&rft.date=2002-04&rft.issn=1243-8650&rft.aulast=Cortet&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABristol+Blenheim" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawrence1945" class="citation book cs1">Lawrence, Joseph (1945). <i>The Observer's Book Of Airplanes</i>. London and New York: Frederick Warne & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Observer%27s+Book+Of+Airplanes&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pub=Frederick+Warne+%26+Co&rft.date=1945&rft.aulast=Lawrence&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABristol+Blenheim" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Mackay, Ron. <i>Bristol Blenheim in Action</i>. Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89747-209-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-89747-209-8">0-89747-209-8</a>.</li> <li>March, Daniel J., ed. <i>British Warplanes of World War II</i>. London: Aerospace, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-874023-92-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-874023-92-1">1-874023-92-1</a>.</li> <li>Marttila, Jukka. <i>Bristol Blenheim – Taitoa ja tekniikkaa</i> (in Finnish). Vantaa, Finland: Blenimi-Publishing, 1989. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/952-90-0170-3" title="Special:BookSources/952-90-0170-3">952-90-0170-3</a>.</li> <li>Mason, Francis K. <i>The British Bomber Since 1914</i>. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books, 1994. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85177-861-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-85177-861-5">0-85177-861-5</a>.</li> <li>Mondey, David. <i>The Hamlyn Concise Guide to American Aircraft of World War II</i>. London: Aerospace Publishing Ltd, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7858-1361-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7858-1361-6">0-7858-1361-6</a>.</li> <li>Moyes, Philip J.R. <i>The Bristol Blenheim I</i> (Aircraft in Profile No 93). Leatherhead, Surrey, UK: Profile Publications, 1966.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOgnjević2014" class="citation book cs1">Ognjević, Aleksandar M. (2014). <i>Bristol Blenheim: The Yugoslav Story: Operational Record 1937-1958</i>. Zemun, Serbia: Leadensky Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-86-917625-0-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-86-917625-0-6"><bdi>978-86-917625-0-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bristol+Blenheim%3A+The+Yugoslav+Story%3A+Operational+Record+1937-1958&rft.place=Zemun%2C+Serbia&rft.pub=Leadensky+Books&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-86-917625-0-6&rft.aulast=Ognjevi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Aleksandar+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABristol+Blenheim" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOughton1971" class="citation book cs1">Oughton, James D. (1971). <i>Bristol Blenheim Mk.IV</i>. Aircraft in Profile No 218. Leatherhead, Surrey, UK: Profile Publications Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bristol+Blenheim+Mk.IV&rft.place=Leatherhead%2C+Surrey%2C+UK&rft.series=Aircraft+in+Profile+No+218&rft.pub=Profile+Publications+Ltd&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Oughton&rft.aufirst=James+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABristol+Blenheim" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPersyn2000" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Persyn, Lionel (February 2000). "Victoire sur Blenheim" [Victory Over Blenheim]. <i>Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire</i> (in French) (83): 24–28. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1243-8650">1243-8650</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avions%3A+Toute+l%27a%C3%A9ronautique+et+son+histoire&rft.atitle=Victoire+sur+Blenheim&rft.issue=83&rft.pages=24-28&rft.date=2000-02&rft.issn=1243-8650&rft.aulast=Persyn&rft.aufirst=Lionel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABristol+Blenheim" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Sakaida, Henry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i1nOLCXhh98C&pg=PA27"><i>Japanese Army Air Force Aces 1937–45.</i></a> Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing, 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85532-529-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-85532-529-2">1-85532-529-2</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStenman2001" class="citation magazine cs1">Stenman, Kari (July–August 2001). "From Britain to Finland: Supplies for the Winter War". <i><a href="/wiki/Air_Enthusiast" title="Air Enthusiast">Air Enthusiast</a></i>. No. 94. pp. 56–59. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0143-5450">0143-5450</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Air+Enthusiast&rft.atitle=From+Britain+to+Finland%3A+Supplies+for+the+Winter+War&rft.issue=94&rft.pages=56-59&rft.date=2001-07%2F2001-08&rft.issn=0143-5450&rft.aulast=Stenman&rft.aufirst=Kari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABristol+Blenheim" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Stenman, Kari. "Staying Power: The Bristol Blenheim in Finnish Service". <i><a href="/wiki/Air_Enthusiast" title="Air Enthusiast">Air Enthusiast</a></i>, No. 54, Summer 1994. pp. 26–35. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0143-5450">0143-5450</a></li> <li>Thomas, A. <i>Bristol Blenheim (Warpaint No. 26).</i> London: Hall Park Books, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84176-289-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-84176-289-X">1-84176-289-X</a>.</li> <li>Warner, Graham. <i>The Bristol Blenheim: A Complete History</i>. London: Crécy Publishing, 2nd edition 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85979-101-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-85979-101-7">0-85979-101-7</a>.</li> <li>Warner, Graham. "Spirit of Britain First: A Pictorial Tribute to Britain's Airworthy Blenheim". <i><a href="/wiki/Air_Enthusiast" title="Air Enthusiast">Air Enthusiast</a></i>, No. 65, September–October 1996, pp. 68–69. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0143-5450">0143-5450</a>.</li> <li>Wheeler, Barry C. <i>The Hamlyn Guide to Military Aircraft Markings.</i> London: Chancellor Press, 1992. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85152-582-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-85152-582-3">1-85152-582-3</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bristol_Blenheim&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStuart2014" class="citation journal cs1">Stuart, Robert (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rcaf-arc.forces.gc.ca/en/cf-aerospace-warfare-centre/elibrary/journal/2014-vol3-iss4-06-air-raid-colombo-5-april-1942.page">"Air Raid Colombo, 5 April 1942: The Fully Expected Surprise Attack"</a>. <i>Royal Canadian Air Force Journal</i>. <b>3</b> (4). <a href="/wiki/Department_of_National_Defence_(Canada)" title="Department of National Defence (Canada)">Department of National Defence of Canada</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Royal+Canadian+Air+Force+Journal&rft.atitle=Air+Raid+Colombo%2C+5+April+1942%3A+The+Fully+Expected+Surprise+Attack&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Stuart&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rcaf-arc.forces.gc.ca%2Fen%2Fcf-aerospace-warfare-centre%2Felibrary%2Fjournal%2F2014-vol3-iss4-06-air-raid-colombo-5-april-1942.page&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABristol+Blenheim" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStuart2006" class="citation journal cs1">Stuart, Rob (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.journal.forces.gc.ca/vo7/no4/stuart-eng.asp">"Leonard Birchall and the Japanese Raid on Colombo"</a>. <i>Canadian Military Journal</i>. <b>7</b> (4). <a href="/wiki/Department_of_National_Defence_(Canada)" title="Department of National Defence (Canada)">Department of National Defence of Canada</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Military+Journal&rft.atitle=Leonard+Birchall+and+the+Japanese+Raid+on+Colombo&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Stuart&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.journal.forces.gc.ca%2Fvo7%2Fno4%2Fstuart-eng.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABristol+Blenheim" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bristol_Blenheim&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bristol_Blenheim" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bristol Blenheim">Bristol Blenheim</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090531102957/http://www.raf.mod.uk/history_old/blen1.html">RAF Bristol Blenheim history</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.211squadron.org/">No. 211 Squadron RAF</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080424000034/http://www.blenheimsociety.org.uk/">Blenheim Society</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arc-duxford.co.uk/">Aircraft Restoration Company</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720183435/http://www.ilmasotakoulunkilta.fi/IlmaSK/ilmaskmma.nsf/sp?open&cid=Content7FCEC-2">Finnish Mk IV Blenheim restoration</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1937/1937%20-%201665.html">"Up in the Blenheim, a civilian pilot's impressions..."; <i>Flight</i>, 24 June 1937</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1938/1938%20-%201413.html">"How the Bristol Blenheims are erected"; <i>Aircraft Engineer</i> (supplement to <i>Flight</i>), 19 May 1938</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1945/1945%20-%202254.html">"In the air IV – Flying the Blenheim"; <i>Flight</i>, 15 November 1945</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Bristol_aircraft" title="Template:Bristol aircraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bristol_aircraft" title="Template talk:Bristol aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bristol_aircraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bristol aircraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bristol_aircraft" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Aeroplane_Company" title="Bristol Aeroplane Company">Bristol</a> aircraft</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-numbering <br /> scheme</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Boxkite" title="Bristol Boxkite">Boxkite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Glider" title="Bristol Glider">Glider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Racing_Biplane" title="Bristol Racing Biplane">Bristol Racing Biplane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Monoplane" title="Bristol Monoplane">Bristol Monoplane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Biplane_Type_%27T%27" title="Bristol Biplane Type 'T'">Type T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Prier_monoplane" title="Bristol Prier monoplane">Bristol Prier monoplanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Coanda_Monoplanes" title="Bristol Coanda Monoplanes">Bristol Coanda monoplanes </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Gordon_England_biplanes" title="Bristol Gordon England biplanes">Bristol Gordon England biplanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_B.R.7" title="Bristol B.R.7">B.R.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_T.B.8" title="Bristol T.B.8">T.B.8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_T.B.8" title="Bristol T.B.8">P.B.8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol-Burney_seaplanes" title="Bristol-Burney seaplanes">X.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol-Burney_seaplanes" title="Bristol-Burney seaplanes">X.3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturer<br /> designations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Scout" title="Bristol Scout">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Scout" title="Bristol Scout">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Scout" title="Bristol Scout">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Scout" title="Bristol Scout">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Scout" title="Bristol Scout">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_T.T.A." title="Bristol T.T.A.">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_F.3A" title="Bristol F.3A">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_S.2A" class="mw-redirect" title="Bristol S.2A">8</a></li> <li>9</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_M.1" title="Bristol M.1">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_M.1" title="Bristol M.1">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_F.2_Fighter" title="Bristol F.2 Fighter">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_M.R.1" title="Bristol M.R.1">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_F.2_Fighter" title="Bristol F.2 Fighter">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_F.2_Fighter" title="Bristol F.2 Fighter">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_F.2_Fighter" title="Bristol F.2 Fighter">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_F.2_Fighter" title="Bristol F.2 Fighter">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Scout_F" title="Bristol Scout F">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_M.1" title="Bristol M.1">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Scout_F" title="Bristol Scout F">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_F.2_Fighter" title="Bristol F.2 Fighter">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Badger" title="Bristol Badger">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Braemar" title="Bristol Braemar">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Braemar" title="Bristol Braemar">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Pullman" title="Bristol Pullman">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Tourer" title="Bristol Tourer">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Tourer" title="Bristol Tourer">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Tourer" title="Bristol Tourer">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Babe" title="Bristol Babe">30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Grampus" title="Bristol Grampus">31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Bullet" title="Bristol Bullet">32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Pullman" title="Bristol Pullman">33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Seely" title="Bristol Seely">36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Tramp" title="Bristol Tramp">37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Grampus" title="Bristol Grampus">42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Grampus" title="Bristol Grampus">43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Tramp" title="Bristol Tramp">44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Tourer" title="Bristol Tourer">45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Babe" title="Bristol Babe">46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Tourer" title="Bristol Tourer">47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Tourer" title="Bristol Tourer">48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Bullfinch" title="Bristol Bullfinch">52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Bullfinch" title="Bristol Bullfinch">53</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bristol_Type_55&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bristol Type 55 (page does not exist)">55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Grampus" title="Bristol Grampus">57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Ten-seater" title="Bristol Ten-seater">62</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bristol_Type_71&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bristol Type 71 (page does not exist)">71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Racer" title="Bristol Racer">72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Primary_Trainer" title="Bristol Primary Trainer">73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Ten-seater" title="Bristol Ten-seater">75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Jupiter_Fighter" title="Bristol Jupiter Fighter">76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_M.1" title="Bristol M.1">77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Ten-seater" title="Bristol Ten-seater">79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Tourer" title="Bristol Tourer">81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Primary_Trainer" title="Bristol Primary Trainer">83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Type_84_Bloodhound" title="Bristol Type 84 Bloodhound">84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Tourer" title="Bristol Tourer">86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Tourer" title="Bristol Tourer">88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Jupiter_Fighter" title="Bristol Jupiter Fighter">89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Berkeley" title="Bristol Berkeley">90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Brownie" title="Bristol Brownie">91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Type_92" title="Bristol Type 92">92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Boarhound" title="Bristol Boarhound">93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Bagshot" title="Bristol Bagshot">95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_F.2_Fighter" title="Bristol F.2 Fighter">96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Badminton" title="Bristol Badminton">99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Type_101" title="Bristol Type 101">101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Bulldog" title="Bristol Bulldog">105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Bullpup" title="Bristol Bullpup">107</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Type_109" title="Bristol Type 109">109</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Type_110A" title="Bristol Type 110A">110A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Type_118" title="Bristol Type 118">118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Type_118" title="Bristol Type 118">120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Type_123" title="Bristol Type 123">123</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Bulldog" title="Bristol Bulldog">124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Bombay" title="Bristol Bombay">130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Type_133" title="Bristol Type 133">133</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Type_143" title="Bristol Type 143">135</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Bombay" title="Bristol Bombay">137</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Type_138" title="Bristol Type 138">138</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">142</a>/<a class="mw-selflink selflink">142M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Type_143" title="Bristol Type 143">143</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Bombay" title="Bristol Bombay">144</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Type_146" title="Bristol Type 146">146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Type_148" title="Bristol Type 148">148</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">149</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Beaufort" title="Bristol Beaufort">152</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Beaufighter" title="Bristol Beaufighter">156</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Beaufighter" title="Bristol Beaufighter">158</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Type_159" title="Bristol Type 159">159</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">160</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Buckingham" title="Bristol Buckingham">161</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Buckingham" title="Bristol Buckingham">162</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Buckingham" title="Bristol Buckingham">163</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Brigand" title="Bristol Brigand">164</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Brigand" title="Bristol Brigand">165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Buckmaster" title="Bristol Buckmaster">166</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Brabazon" title="Bristol Brabazon">167</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Freighter" title="Bristol Freighter">170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Sycamore" title="Bristol Sycamore">171</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Type_172" title="Bristol Type 172">172</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Type_173" title="Bristol Type 173">173</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Type_172" title="Bristol Type 172">174</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Britannia" title="Bristol Britannia">175</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Type_172" title="Bristol Type 172">176</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UB.109T" title="UB.109T">182</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_188" title="Bristol 188">188</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Belvedere" title="Bristol Belvedere">191</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Belvedere" title="Bristol Belvedere">192</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Belvedere" title="Bristol Belvedere">193</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Type_223" title="Bristol Type 223">198</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Type_200" title="Bristol Type 200">200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Type_223" title="Bristol Type 223">213</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Type_223" title="Bristol Type 223">223</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By role</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fighters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Scout" title="Bristol Scout">Scout A-D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Scout_F" title="Bristol Scout F">Scout E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Scout_F" title="Bristol Scout F">Scout F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Scout" title="Bristol Scout">Bristol S.2A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_M.1" title="Bristol M.1">M.1 Monoplane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_F.2_Fighter" title="Bristol F.2 Fighter">F.2 Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Badger" title="Bristol Badger">Badger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Jupiter_Fighter" title="Bristol Jupiter Fighter">Jupiter Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Bagshot" title="Bristol Bagshot">Bagshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Bulldog" title="Bristol Bulldog">Bulldog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Bullfinch" title="Bristol Bullfinch">Bullfinch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Type_123" title="Bristol Type 123">Type 123</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Type_133" title="Bristol Type 133">Type 133</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Blenheim IF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Type_146" title="Bristol Type 146">Type 146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Beaufighter" title="Bristol Beaufighter">Beaufighter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Passenger Transports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Tourer" title="Bristol Tourer">Tourer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Ten-seater" title="Bristol Ten-seater">Ten-Seater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Primary_Trainer" title="Bristol Primary Trainer">Taxiplane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Pullman" title="Bristol Pullman">Pullman</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Type 142 <i>Britain First</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Brabazon" title="Bristol Brabazon">Brabazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Britannia" title="Bristol Britannia">Britannia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reconnaissance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Type_84_Bloodhound" title="Bristol Type 84 Bloodhound">Bloodhound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Bolingbroke" title="Bristol Bolingbroke">Bolingbroke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trainer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Boxkite" title="Bristol Boxkite">Bristol Boxkite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Coanda_Monoplanes" title="Bristol Coanda Monoplanes">Bristol Coanda Monoplanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_T.B.8" title="Bristol T.B.8">T.B.8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_P.B.8" title="Bristol P.B.8">P.B.8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Primary_Trainer" title="Bristol Primary Trainer">Primary Trainer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Bolingbroke" title="Bristol Bolingbroke">Bolingbroke IVT/IVTT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Buckmaster" title="Bristol Buckmaster">Buckmaster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Bombay" title="Bristol Bombay">Bombay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Ten-seater" title="Bristol Ten-seater">Brandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Buckingham" title="Bristol Buckingham">Buckingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Freighter" title="Bristol Freighter">Freighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Superfreighter" title="Bristol Superfreighter">Superfreighter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Experimental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bristol-Burney_seaplanes" title="Bristol-Burney seaplanes">X.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol-Burney_seaplanes" title="Bristol-Burney seaplanes">X.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Bullet" title="Bristol Bullet">Bullet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Racer" title="Bristol Racer">Racer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Type_92" title="Bristol Type 92">Type 92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Type_138" title="Bristol Type 138">Type 138</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_188" title="Bristol 188">Type 188</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Delta_2" title="Fairey Delta 2">Type 221</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bombers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Braemar" title="Bristol Braemar">Braemar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Berkeley" title="Bristol Berkeley">Berkeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Bombay" title="Bristol Bombay">Bombay</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Blenheim</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bisley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Beaufort" title="Bristol Beaufort">Beaufort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Buckingham" title="Bristol Buckingham">Buckingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Brigand" title="Bristol Brigand">Brigand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sporting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Babe" title="Bristol Babe">Babe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Brownie" title="Bristol Brownie">Brownie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Helicopters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Sycamore" title="Bristol Sycamore">Sycamore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Type_173" title="Bristol Type 173">Type 173</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Belvedere" title="Bristol Belvedere">Belvedere</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Designers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Barnwell" title="Frank Barnwell">Frank Barnwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Henry_Challenger" title="George Henry Challenger">George Henry Challenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Coand%C4%83" title="Henri Coandă">Henri Coandă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Gordon_England" title="Eric Gordon England">Eric Gordon England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Frise" title="Leslie Frise">Leslie Frise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Russell" title="Archibald Russell">Archibald Russell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="RAF_strategic_bombing_during_the_Second_World_War" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:RAF_WWII_strategic_bombing" title="Template:RAF WWII strategic bombing"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:RAF_WWII_strategic_bombing" title="Template talk:RAF WWII strategic bombing"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:RAF_WWII_strategic_bombing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:RAF WWII strategic bombing"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="RAF_strategic_bombing_during_the_Second_World_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">RAF strategic bombing during the Second World War</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butt_Report" title="Butt Report">Butt Report (1941)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Bomber_Command#Strategic_bombing_1942-1945" title="RAF Bomber Command">RAF strategic bombing 1942–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_bombing_directive" title="Area bombing directive">Area Bombing Directive (1942)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehousing" title="Dehousing">Dehousing paper (1942)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casablanca_directive" title="Casablanca directive">Casablanca directive (1943)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Harris" title="Arthur Harris">Arthur "Bomber" Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Lindemann,_1st_Viscount_Cherwell" title="Frederick Lindemann, 1st Viscount Cherwell">Frederick "Prof" Lindemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Portal,_1st_Viscount_Portal_of_Hungerford" title="Charles Portal, 1st Viscount Portal of Hungerford">Sir Charles Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Sinclair,_1st_Viscount_Thurso" title="Archibald Sinclair, 1st Viscount Thurso">Sir Archibald Sinclair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Tedder,_1st_Baron_Tedder" title="Arthur Tedder, 1st Baron Tedder">Arthur Tedder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Campaigns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oil_campaign_of_World_War_II" title="Oil campaign of World War II">Oil targets (1940-45)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_bombing_directive" title="Area bombing directive">Area bombing of cities (1942–43)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_pen#The_Allied_bombing_offensive" title="Submarine pen">U-boat pens (1943–44)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Ruhr" title="Battle of the Ruhr">Battle of the Ruhr (1943)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_Bomber_Offensive" title="Combined Bomber Offensive">Combined Bomber Offensive (1943–44)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berlin_(RAF_campaign)" title="Battle of Berlin (RAF campaign)">Battle of Berlin (1943–44)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_Plan" title="Transport Plan">Transport (1944)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Hamburg_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Hamburg in World War II">Hamburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombings_of_Heilbronn_in_World_War_II" title="Bombings of Heilbronn in World War II">Heilbronn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Kassel_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Kassel in World War II">Kassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Pforzheim_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Pforzheim in World War II">Pforzheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Dresden_in_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombing of Dresden in World War II">Dresden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_the_Bezuidenhout" title="Bombing of the Bezuidenhout">The Hague</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bellicose" title="Operation Bellicose"><i>Bellicose</i> (Friedrichshafen)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Chastise" title="Operation Chastise"><i>Chastise</i> ("Dambusters" raid)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Hurricane_(1944)" title="Operation Hurricane (1944)"><i>Hurricane</i> (1944)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Peenem%C3%BCnde_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Peenemünde in World War II"><i>Hydra</i> (Peenemünde)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Aircraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Blenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-20_Havoc" title="Douglas A-20 Havoc">Boston (Douglas DB-7)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handley_Page_Halifax" title="Handley Page Halifax">Halifax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handley_Page_Hampden" title="Handley Page Hampden">Hampden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avro_Lancaster" title="Avro Lancaster">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avro_Manchester" title="Avro Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Mosquito" title="De Havilland Mosquito">Mosquito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Stirling" title="Short Stirling">Stirling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Ventura" title="Lockheed Ventura">Ventura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_Wellington" title="Vickers Wellington">Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Whitworth_Whitley" title="Armstrong Whitworth Whitley">Whitley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaff_(countermeasure)" title="Chaff (countermeasure)">Chaff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H2S_(radar)" title="H2S (radar)">H2S radar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gee_(navigation)" title="Gee (navigation)">Gee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oboe_(navigation)" title="Oboe (navigation)">"Oboe"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gee-H_(navigation)" title="Gee-H (navigation)">Gee-H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monica_(radar)" title="Monica (radar)">"Monica" radar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_bomb" title="Blockbuster bomb">Blockbuster bomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earthquake_bomb" title="Earthquake bomb">Earthquake bomb</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tallboy_(bomb)" title="Tallboy (bomb)">Tallboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Slam_(bomb)" title="Grand Slam (bomb)">Grand Slam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouncing_bomb" title="Bouncing bomb">Bouncing bomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Target_indicator" title="Target indicator">Target indicator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Tactics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Area_bombardment" title="Area bombardment">Area bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomber_stream" title="Bomber stream">Bomber stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firebombing" title="Firebombing">Firebombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Fighter_Command#Invasion_of_Europe" title="RAF Fighter Command">Intruder operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathfinder_(RAF)#Master_bomber" title="Pathfinder (RAF)">Master Bomber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathfinder_(RAF)" title="Pathfinder (RAF)">Pathfinders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle_bombing" title="Shuttle bombing">Shuttle bombing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/No._1_Group_RAF" title="No. 1 Group RAF">No. 1 Group RAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._3_Group_RAF" title="No. 3 Group RAF">No. 3 Group RAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._4_Group_RAF" title="No. 4 Group RAF">No. 4 Group RAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._5_Group_RAF" title="No. 5 Group RAF">No. 5 Group RAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._6_Group_RCAF" title="No. 6 Group RCAF">No. 6 Group RCAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._8_Group_RAF" title="No. 8 Group RAF">No. 8 Group RAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._100_Group_RAF" title="No. 100 Group RAF">No. 100 Group RAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathfinder_(RAF)" title="Pathfinder (RAF)">Light Night Strike Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:WW2AirDefenceUK" title="Template:WW2AirDefenceUK">Aerial defence of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">United States Army Air Forces (USAAF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_air_operations_during_the_Battle_of_Europe" title="List of air operations during the Battle of Europe">Air operations during the Battle of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_of_the_Reich" title="Defence of the Reich">Defence of the Reich</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Death_by_Moonlight:_Bomber_Command" title="Death by Moonlight: Bomber Command">Death by Moonlight: Bomber Command</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Into_the_Storm_(2009_film)" title="Into the Storm (2009 film)">Into the Storm</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Target_for_Tonight" title="Target for Tonight">Target for Tonight</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Australian_Defence_Force_aircraft_serial-number_prefixes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ADF_aircraft_prefixes" title="Template:ADF aircraft prefixes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ADF_aircraft_prefixes" title="Template talk:ADF aircraft prefixes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ADF_aircraft_prefixes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ADF aircraft prefixes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Australian_Defence_Force_aircraft_serial-number_prefixes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Defence_Force" title="Australian Defence Force">Australian Defence Force</a> aircraft serial-number prefixes</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate prefixes not used.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_the_Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="List of aircraft of the Royal Australian Air Force">RAAF Series One<br /><span class="nobold">1921–34</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airco_DH.9" title="Airco DH.9">A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Aircraft_Factory_S.E.5" title="Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5">A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avro_504" title="Avro 504">A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Pup" title="Sopwith Pup">A4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Wapiti" title="Westland Wapiti">A5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airco_DH.9" title="Airco DH.9">A6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_DH.60_Moth" title="De Havilland DH.60 Moth">A7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_DH.50" title="De Havilland DH.50">A8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Seagull_(1921)" title="Supermarine Seagull (1921)">A9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_III" title="Fairey III">A10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Southampton" title="Supermarine Southampton">A11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Bulldog" title="Bristol Bulldog">A12</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_the_Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="List of aircraft of the Royal Australian Air Force">RAAF Series Two<br /><span class="nobold">1935–63</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hart" title="Hawker Hart">A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Walrus" title="Supermarine Walrus">A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAC_Wackett" title="CAC Wackett">A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avro_Anson" title="Avro Anson">A4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Wapiti" title="Westland Wapiti">A5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avro_643_Cadet" title="Avro 643 Cadet">A6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_DH.60_Moth" title="De Havilland DH.60 Moth">A7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Beaufighter" title="Bristol Beaufighter">A8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Beaufort" title="Bristol Beaufort">A9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_DH.50" title="De Havilland DH.50">A10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylorcraft_Auster" title="Taylorcraft Auster">A11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Bulldog" title="Bristol Bulldog">A12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_Trainer" title="Link Trainer">A13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tugan_Gannet" title="Tugan Gannet">A14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Magister" title="Miles Magister">A15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Hudson" title="Lockheed Hudson">A16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Tiger_Moth" title="De Havilland Tiger Moth">A17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Empire" title="Short Empire">A18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Beaufighter" title="Bristol Beaufighter">A19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAC_Wirraway" title="CAC Wirraway">A20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Moth_Minor" title="De Havilland Moth Minor">A21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Battle" title="Fairey Battle">A22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAC_Woomera" title="CAC Woomera">A23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PBY_Catalina" title="Consolidated PBY Catalina">A24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Oxford" title="Airspeed Oxford">A25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sunderland" title="Short Sunderland">A26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vultee_A-31_Vengeance" title="Vultee A-31 Vengeance">A27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-20_Havoc" title="Douglas A-20 Havoc">A28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-40_Warhawk" title="Curtiss P-40 Warhawk">A29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-2" title="Douglas DC-2">A30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">A30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Express" title="De Havilland Express">A31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percival_Vega_Gull" title="Percival Vega Gull">A32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Dragon_Rapide" title="De Havilland Dragon Rapide">A33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Dragon" title="De Havilland Dragon">A34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Dolphin" title="Douglas Dolphin">A35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_24" title="Fairchild 24">A36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Falcon" title="Miles Falcon">A37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Merlin" title="Miles Merlin">A37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Hawk" title="Miles Hawk">A37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stinson_Reliant" title="Stinson Reliant">A38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Model_17_Staggerwing" title="Beechcraft Model 17 Staggerwing">A39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_Airmaster" title="Cessna Airmaster">A40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Fox_Moth" title="De Havilland Fox Moth">A41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Vega" title="Lockheed Vega">A42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Dragonfly" title="De Havilland Dragonfly">A43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_G_31" title="Junkers G 31">A44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_W_34" title="Junkers W 34">A44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Trimotor" title="Ford Trimotor">A45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAC_Boomerang" title="CAC Boomerang">A46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_B-25_Mitchell" title="North American B-25 Mitchell">A47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vought_OS2U_Kingfisher" title="Vought OS2U Kingfisher">A48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_24" title="Dornier Do 24">A49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_ST" title="Ryan ST">A50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brewster_F2A_Buffalo" title="Brewster F2A Buffalo">A51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Mosquito" title="De Havilland Mosquito">A52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_P-39_Airacobra" title="Bell P-39 Airacobra">A53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waco_Aircraft_Company" title="Waco Aircraft Company">A54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-38_Lightning" title="Lockheed P-38 Lightning">A55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_P-43_Lancer" title="Republic P-43 Lancer">A56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Australia" title="De Havilland Australia">A57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire">A58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Ventura" title="Lockheed Ventura">A59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hurricane" title="Hawker Hurricane">A60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Corporation" title="Northrop Corporation">A61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAC_CA-15" title="CAC CA-15">A62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celestial_navigation" title="Celestial navigation">A63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stinson_L-1_Vigilant" title="Stinson L-1 Vigilant">A64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">A65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avro_Lancaster" title="Avro Lancaster">A66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_18_Lodestar" title="Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar">A67</a></li> <li>A68 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CAC_Mustang" title="CAC Mustang">1–200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">500–1001</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_SB2C_Helldiver" title="Curtiss SB2C Helldiver">A69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_PBM_Mariner" title="Martin PBM Mariner">A70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noorduyn_Norseman" title="Noorduyn Norseman">A71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator">A72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avro_Lincoln" title="Avro Lincoln">A73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avro_York" title="Avro York">A74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percival_Proctor" title="Percival Proctor">A75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-29_Superfortress" title="Boeing B-29 Superfortress">A76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloster_Meteor" title="Gloster Meteor">A77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Vampire" title="De Havilland Vampire">A78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Vampire" title="De Havilland Vampire">A79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_H-5" title="Sikorsky H-5">A80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Freighter" title="Bristol Freighter">A81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_Viking" title="Vickers Viking">A82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Hornet" title="De Havilland Hornet">A83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Electric_Canberra" title="English Electric Canberra">A84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAC_Winjeel" title="CAC Winjeel">A85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_P.1081" title="Hawker P.1081">A86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_Valetta" title="Vickers Valetta">A87</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RFD_Winged_Target&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RFD Winged Target (page does not exist)">A88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-2_Neptune" title="Lockheed P-2 Neptune">A89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percival_Prince" title="Percival Prince">A90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Sycamore" title="Bristol Sycamore">A91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAF_Jindivik" title="GAF Jindivik">A92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAF_Jindivik" title="GAF Jindivik">A93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAC_Sabre" title="CAC Sabre">A94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-2_Beaver" title="De Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver">A95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_CV-240_family" title="Convair CV-240 family">A96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">A97</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_180_Skywagon" title="Cessna 180 Skywagon">A98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAC_Jet_Provost" title="BAC Jet Provost">A99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-3_Otter" title="De Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter">A100</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_the_Royal_Australian_Navy" title="List of aircraft of the Royal Australian Navy">RAN Series</a><span class="nobold"><sup>1</sup></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Firefly" title="Fairey Firefly">N1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">N2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Gannet" title="Fairey Gannet">N3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Sea_Venom" title="De Havilland Sea Venom">N4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Sycamore" title="Bristol Sycamore">N5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Vampire" title="De Havilland Vampire">N6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Wessex" title="Westland Wessex">N7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Scout" title="Westland Scout">N8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_UH-1_Iroquois" title="Bell UH-1 Iroquois">N9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioplane_BTT" title="Radioplane BTT">N10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAF_Jindivik" title="GAF Jindivik">N11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_S-2_Tracker" title="Grumman S-2 Tracker">N12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk" title="Douglas A-4 Skyhawk">N13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aermacchi_MB-326" title="Aermacchi MB-326">N14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley_HS_748" title="Hawker Siddeley HS 748">N15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Sea_King" title="Westland Sea King">N16</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_the_Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="List of aircraft of the Royal Australian Air Force">RAAF Series Three</a><br /><span class="nobold">Tri-Service series<br />1964–<span style="font-size:85%;">present</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell_H-13_Sioux" title="Bell H-13 Sioux">A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_UH-1_Iroquois" title="Bell UH-1 Iroquois">A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dassault_Mirage_III_Australian_procurement" title="Dassault Mirage III Australian procurement">A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-4_Caribou" title="De Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou">A4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9rospatiale_Alouette_III" title="Aérospatiale Alouette III">A5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_Viscount" title="Vickers Viscount">A6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aermacchi_MB-326" title="Aermacchi MB-326">A7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-111C" title="General Dynamics F-111C">A8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-3_Orion" title="Lockheed P-3 Orion">A9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley_HS_748" title="Hawker Siddeley HS 748">A10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dassault_Falcon_20" title="Dassault Falcon 20">A11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAC_One-Eleven" title="BAC One-Eleven">A12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_Trainer" title="Link Trainer">A13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilatus_PC-6_Porter" title="Pilatus PC-6 Porter">A14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_CH-47_Chinook" title="Boeing CH-47 Chinook">A15</a></li> <li><i>A16</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_OH-58_Kiowa" title="Bell OH-58 Kiowa">A17/N17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAF_Nomad" title="GAF Nomad">A18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAC_CT/4_Airtrainer" title="PAC CT/4 Airtrainer">A19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_707" title="Boeing 707">A20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet" title="McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet">A21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurocopter_AS350_%C3%89cureuil" title="Eurocopter AS350 Écureuil">A22/N22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilatus_PC-9" title="Pilatus PC-9">A23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_SH-60_Seahawk" title="Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk">N24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_UH-60_Black_Hawk" title="Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk">A25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dassault_Falcon_900" title="Dassault Falcon 900">A26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Hawk" title="BAE Systems Hawk">A27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_MQM-107_Streaker" title="Beechcraft MQM-107 Streaker">N28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaman_SH-2G_Super_Seasprite" title="Kaman SH-2G Super Seasprite">N29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_E-7_Wedgetail" title="Boeing E-7 Wedgetail">A30</a></li> <li><i>A31</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Super_King_Air" title="Beechcraft Super King Air">A32</a></li> <li><i>A33</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alenia_C-27J_Spartan" title="Alenia C-27J Spartan">A34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II" title="Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II">A35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Business_Jet" title="Boeing Business Jet">A36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Challenger_600_series" title="Bombardier Challenger 600 series">A37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurocopter_Tiger" title="Eurocopter Tiger">A38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airbus_A330_MRTT" title="Airbus A330 MRTT">A39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHIndustries_NH90" title="NHIndustries NH90">A40/N40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-17_Globemaster_III" title="Boeing C-17 Globemaster III">A41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AgustaWestland_AW109" title="AgustaWestland AW109">N42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AAI_RQ-7_Shadow" title="AAI RQ-7 Shadow">A43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_F/A-18E/F_Super_Hornet" title="Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet">A44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IAI_Heron" title="IAI Heron">A45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_EA-18G_Growler" title="Boeing EA-18G Growler">A46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_P-8_Poseidon" title="Boeing P-8 Poseidon">A47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_SH-60_Seahawk" title="Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk">N48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_429_GlobalRanger" title="Bell 429 GlobalRanger">N49</a></li> <li><i>A51</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurocopter_EC135" title="Eurocopter EC135">N52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_1900" title="Beechcraft 1900">A53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilatus_PC-21" title="Pilatus PC-21">A54</a></li> <li><i>A55</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dassault_Falcon_7X" title="Dassault Falcon 7X">A56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-4_Phantom_II_in_Australian_service" title="McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II in Australian service">A69</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_the_Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="List of aircraft of the Royal Australian Air Force">Aircraft of the RAAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_the_Royal_Australian_Navy" title="List of aircraft of the Royal Australian Navy">Aircraft of the RAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_Army_aircraft" title="List of Australian Army aircraft">Aircraft of the Australian Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup> Prior to adoption of Tri-Service prefixes.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" 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