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id="toc-Design_and_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Initial_specifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initial_specifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Initial specifications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Initial_specifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Armament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Armament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prototypes_and_service_evaluation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prototypes_and_service_evaluation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Prototypes and service evaluation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prototypes_and_service_evaluation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flying_the_B-24" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flying_the_B-24"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Flying the B-24</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flying_the_B-24-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operational_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operational_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Operational history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operational_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Operational history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Operational_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-RAF" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#RAF"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>RAF</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-RAF-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antisubmarine_and_maritime_patrols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antisubmarine_and_maritime_patrols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Antisubmarine and maritime patrols</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antisubmarine_and_maritime_patrols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-USAAF" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#USAAF"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>USAAF</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-USAAF-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Introduction_to_service,_1941–1942" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Introduction_to_service,_1941–1942"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Introduction to service, 1941–1942</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Introduction_to_service,_1941–1942-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Strategic_bombing,_1942–1945" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strategic_bombing,_1942–1945"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Strategic bombing, 1942–1945</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strategic_bombing,_1942–1945-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radar/Electronic_warfare_and_PGM_deployment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radar/Electronic_warfare_and_PGM_deployment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>Radar/Electronic warfare and PGM deployment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radar/Electronic_warfare_and_PGM_deployment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assembly_ships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assembly_ships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.4</span> <span>Assembly ships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assembly_ships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Carpetbaggers"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Carpetbaggers""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.5</span> <span>"Carpetbaggers"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Carpetbaggers"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport_variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport_variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Transport variants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport_variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-C-87_Liberator_Express" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#C-87_Liberator_Express"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>C-87 Liberator Express</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-C-87_Liberator_Express-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-C-109_version" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#C-109_version"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>C-109 version</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-C-109_version-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._Navy_and_U.S._Marine_Corps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._Navy_and_U.S._Marine_Corps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._Navy_and_U.S._Marine_Corps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-PB4Y-1" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PB4Y-1"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.1</span> <span>PB4Y-1</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PB4Y-1-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-RAAF" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#RAAF"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.1</span> <span>RAAF</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-RAAF-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Qantas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qantas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.2</span> <span>Qantas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qantas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SAAF" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SAAF"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>SAAF</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SAAF-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Luftwaffe_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Luftwaffe_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Luftwaffe use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Luftwaffe_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romanian_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romanian_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Romanian use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romanian_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soviet_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soviet_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Soviet use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soviet_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chinese_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chinese_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>Chinese use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chinese_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Variants</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Variants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Variants subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-U.S._Army_Air_Forces_variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._Army_Air_Forces_variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>U.S. Army Air Forces variants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._Army_Air_Forces_variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._Navy_nomenclature_and_sub-variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._Navy_nomenclature_and_sub-variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>U.S. Navy nomenclature and sub-variants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._Navy_nomenclature_and_sub-variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_Commonwealth_nomenclature_and_sub-variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Commonwealth_nomenclature_and_sub-variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>British Commonwealth nomenclature and sub-variants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_Commonwealth_nomenclature_and_sub-variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Operators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accidents_and_incidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accidents_and_incidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Accidents and incidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accidents_and_incidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surviving_aircraft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surviving_aircraft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Surviving aircraft</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surviving_aircraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specifications_(B-24J)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specifications_(B-24J)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Specifications (B-24J)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specifications_(B-24J)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_B-24_crewmen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_B-24_crewmen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notable B-24 crewmen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_B-24_crewmen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_appearances_in_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_appearances_in_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notable appearances in media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_appearances_in_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.3</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Consolidated B-24 Liberator</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%8A-24_%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1" title="كونسوليداتيد بي-24 ليبراتور – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كونسوليداتيد بي-24 ليبراتور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-24_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80" title="B-24 Либърейтър – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="B-24 Либърейтър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_B-24" title="Consolidated B-24 – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Consolidated B-24" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_B-24" title="Consolidated B-24 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Consolidated B-24" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%A8%DB%8C-%DB%B2%DB%B4_%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1" title="کانسالیدیتید بی-۲۴ لیبراتور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کانسالیدیتید بی-۲۴ لیبراتور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BB%A8%EC%86%94%EB%A6%AC%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%ED%8B%B0%EB%93%9C_B-24_%EB%A6%AC%EB%B2%84%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%84%B0" title="컨솔리데이티드 B-24 리버레이터 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="컨솔리데이티드 B-24 리버레이터" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%93_B-24_%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8" title="קונסולידייטד B-24 ליברייטור – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קונסולידייטד B-24 ליברייטור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E2%80%9324_Liberator" title="B–24 Liberator – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="B–24 Liberator" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-24_Liberator" title="B-24 Liberator – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="B-24 Liberator" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-24_(%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%A9%9F)" title="B-24 (航空機) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="B-24 (航空機)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-24_Liberator" title="B-24 Liberator – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="B-24 Liberator" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-24_Liberator" title="B-24 Liberator – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="B-24 Liberator" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4_B-24_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Консолидејтид B-24 Либерејтор – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Консолидејтид B-24 Либерејтор" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_B-24" title="Consolidated B-24 – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Consolidated B-24" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"B-24" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/B-24_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="B-24 (disambiguation)">B-24 (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248642317">.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-above{line-height:1.6em;background-color:#eee}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-header{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;line-height:23px;background-color:#eee}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-label{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-label{width:30%;padding-right:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-data{width:50%}}</style><table class="infobox ib-aircraft vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">B-24 Liberator</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maxwell_B-24_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Maxwell_B-24_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Maxwell_B-24_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Maxwell_B-24_%28cropped%29.jpg/450px-Maxwell_B-24_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Maxwell_B-24_%28cropped%29.jpg/600px-Maxwell_B-24_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1448" data-file-height="1086" /></a></span> <div class="ib-aircraft-caption"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">United States Army Air Forces</a> Consolidated B-24D Liberator over <a href="/wiki/Maxwell_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Maxwell AFB">Maxwell Field</a>, Alabama</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_bomber" title="Heavy bomber">Heavy bomber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-submarine_warfare" title="Anti-submarine warfare">Anti-submarine warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_patrol_aircraft" title="Maritime patrol aircraft">Maritime patrol aircraft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_manufacturer" title="Aerospace manufacturer">Manufacturer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Aircraft" title="Consolidated Aircraft">Consolidated Aircraft</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Primary users</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">United States Army Air Forces</a><div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="Royal Australian Air Force">Royal Australian Air Force</a></li></ul> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number built</th><td class="infobox-data">18,188<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufactured</th><td class="infobox-data">1940–1945</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduction date</th><td class="infobox-data">1941</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First flight</th><td class="infobox-data">29 December 1939</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Retired</th><td class="infobox-data">1968 (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Indian Air Force</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Variants</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PB4Y-2_Privateer" title="Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer">Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_C-87_Liberator_Express" title="Consolidated C-87 Liberator Express">Consolidated C-87 Liberator Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Liberator_I" title="Consolidated Liberator I">Consolidated Liberator I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Developed into</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_R2Y" title="Consolidated R2Y">Consolidated R2Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_B-32_Dominator" title="Consolidated B-32 Dominator">Consolidated B-32 Dominator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Consolidated B-24 Liberator</b> is an American <a href="/wiki/Heavy_bomber" title="Heavy bomber">heavy bomber</a>, designed by <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Aircraft" title="Consolidated Aircraft">Consolidated Aircraft</a> of <a href="/wiki/San_Diego,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego, California">San Diego, California</a>. It was known within the company as the Model 32, and some initial production aircraft were laid down as export models designated as various LB-30s, in the Land Bomber design category. </p><p>At its inception, the B-24 was a modern design featuring a highly efficient shoulder-mounted, high aspect ratio <a href="/wiki/Davis_wing" title="Davis wing">Davis wing</a>. The wing gave the Liberator a high cruise speed, long <a href="/wiki/Range_(aeronautics)" title="Range (aeronautics)">range</a> and the ability to carry a heavy <a href="/wiki/Aerial_bomb" title="Aerial bomb">bomb</a> load. In comparison with its contemporaries, the B-24 was relatively difficult to fly and had poor low-speed performance; it also had a lower <a href="/wiki/Ceiling_(aeronautics)" title="Ceiling (aeronautics)">ceiling</a> and was less robust than the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-17_Flying_Fortress" title="Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress">Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress</a>. While <a href="/wiki/Aircrew#Military" title="Aircrew">aircrews</a> tended to prefer the B-17, <a href="/wiki/General_Staff" class="mw-redirect" title="General Staff">General Staff</a> favored the B-24 and procured it in huge numbers for a wide variety of roles.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At approximately 18,500 units – including 8,685 manufactured by <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a> – it holds records as the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_most-produced_aircraft" title="List of most-produced aircraft">most produced</a> bomber, heavy bomber, multi-engine aircraft, and American military aircraft in history. </p><p>The B-24 was used extensively in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> where it served in every branch of the American armed forces, as well as several <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> air forces and navies. It saw use in every theater of operations. Along with the B-17, the B-24 was the mainstay of the US <a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing" title="Strategic bombing">strategic bombing</a> campaign in the <a href="/wiki/European_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="European theatre of World War II">Western European</a> theater. Due to its range, it proved useful in bombing operations in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific</a>, including the bombing of <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>. Long-range <a href="/wiki/Anti-submarine_warfare" title="Anti-submarine warfare">anti-submarine</a> Liberators played an instrumental role in closing the <a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_gap" title="Mid-Atlantic gap">Mid-Atlantic gap</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Battle of the Atlantic</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_C-87_Liberator_Express" title="Consolidated C-87 Liberator Express">C-87 transport derivative</a> served as a longer range, higher capacity counterpart to the <a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">Douglas C-47 Skytrain</a>. </p><p>By the end of World War II, the technological breakthroughs of the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-29_Superfortress" title="Boeing B-29 Superfortress">Boeing B-29 Superfortress</a> and other modern types had surpassed the bombers that served from the start of the war. The B-24 was rapidly phased out of U.S. service, although the <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PB4Y-2_Privateer" title="Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer">PB4Y-2 Privateer</a> <a href="/wiki/Maritime_patrol_aircraft" title="Maritime patrol aircraft">maritime patrol</a> derivative carried on in service with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">U.S. Navy</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_and_development">Design and development</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:XB-24_in_Flight.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/XB-24_in_Flight.jpg/220px-XB-24_in_Flight.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/XB-24_in_Flight.jpg/330px-XB-24_in_Flight.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/XB-24_in_Flight.jpg/440px-XB-24_in_Flight.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1319" /></a><figcaption>XB-24 in flight</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Initial_specifications">Initial specifications</h3></div> <p>The Liberator originated from a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Corps" title="United States Army Air Corps">United States Army Air Corps</a> (USAAC) request in 1938 for Consolidated to produce the B-17 under license. After company executives including President <a href="/wiki/Reuben_Fleet" class="mw-redirect" title="Reuben Fleet">Reuben Fleet</a> visited the <a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a> factory in <a href="/wiki/Seattle,_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle, Washington">Seattle, Washington</a>, Consolidated decided instead to submit a more modern design of its own.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The new Model 32 combined designer <a href="/wiki/Davis_wing" title="Davis wing">David R. Davis</a>'s wing, a high-efficiency <a href="/wiki/Airfoil" title="Airfoil">airfoil</a> design created by unorthodox means,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the <a href="/wiki/Twin_tail" title="Twin tail">twin tail</a> design from the <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Model_31" class="mw-redirect" title="Consolidated Model 31">Consolidated Model 31</a> <a href="/wiki/Flying_boat" title="Flying boat">flying boat</a>, together on a new fuselage. This new fuselage was intentionally designed around twin bomb bays, each one being the same size and capacity of the B-17 bomb bays. </p><p>In January 1939, the USAAC, under Specification C-212, formally invited Consolidated<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to submit a design study for a bomber with longer range, higher speed and greater <a href="/wiki/Ceiling_(aeronautics)" title="Ceiling (aeronautics)">ceiling</a> than the B-17. The specification was written such that the Model 32 would automatically be the winning design. The program was run under the umbrella group, "Project A", an Air Corps requirement for an intercontinental bomber that had been conceived in the mid-1930s. Although the B-24 did not meet Project A goals, it was a step in that direction. Project A led to the development of the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-29_Superfortress" title="Boeing B-29 Superfortress">Boeing B-29</a> and Consolidated's own <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_B-32_Dominator" title="Consolidated B-32 Dominator">B-32</a> and <a href="/wiki/Convair_B-36_Peacemaker" title="Convair B-36 Peacemaker">B-36</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Design">Design</h3></div> <p>The B-24 had a shoulder-mounted high aspect ratio Davis wing. This wing was highly efficient allowing a relatively high airspeed and long range. Compared to the B-17, it had a 6 feet (1.8 m) larger wingspan but a lower wing area. This gave the B-24 a 35-percent higher <a href="/wiki/Wing_loading" title="Wing loading">wing loading</a>. The relatively thick wing held the promise of increased tankage while delivering increased lift and speed, but it became unpleasant to fly when committed to heavier loadings as experienced at high altitude and in bad weather. The Davis wing was also more susceptible to ice formation than contemporary designs, causing distortions of the aerofoil section and resulting in the loss of lift, with unpleasant experiences drawing such comments as, "The Davis wing won't hold enough ice to chill your drink".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wing was also more susceptible to damage than the B-17's wing, making the aircraft less able to absorb battle damage.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The wing carried four <a href="/wiki/Supercharger" title="Supercharger">supercharged</a> <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-1830-35_Twin_Wasp" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratt & Whitney R-1830-35 Twin Wasp">Pratt & Whitney R-1830-35 Twin Wasp</a> engines mounted in cowlings borrowed from the <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PBY_Catalina" title="Consolidated PBY Catalina">PBY Catalina</a> (similar except for being oval in cross-section allowing for oil coolers mounted on each side of the engine) that turned 3-bladed <a href="/wiki/Variable-pitch_propeller_(aeronautics)" title="Variable-pitch propeller (aeronautics)">variable-pitch propellers</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Tailplane" title="Tailplane">tailplane</a> featured two large oval vertical stabilizers mounted at the ends of a rectangular horizontal stabilizer. As early as 1942, it was recognized that the Liberator's handling and stability could be improved by the use of a single vertical fin. The single fin was tested by Ford on a single B-24ST variant and an experimental XB-24K: it was found to improve handling. However, all Liberators were produced with twin oval fins, with the exception of eight preproduction B-24N aircraft. The B-24N was intended as a major production variant featuring a single tail. Over 5000 orders for this version were placed in 1945, but they were cancelled due to the end of the war. The single fin did appear in production on the <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PB4Y-2_Privateer" title="Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer">PB4Y Privateer</a> derivative.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aerofilesConsolidated_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aerofilesConsolidated-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The B-24's spacious, slab-sided fuselage (which earned the aircraft the nickname "Flying <a href="/wiki/Boxcar" title="Boxcar">Boxcar</a>")<sup id="cite_ref-44th_BG_History_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44th_BG_History-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was built around two central bomb bays that could accommodate up to 8,000 pounds (3,600 kg) of ordnance in each compartment (but rarely did, as this decreased range and altitude). The forward and aft bomb bay compartments were further split longitudinally with a centerline ventral catwalk just nine inches (23 cm) wide,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which also functioned as the fuselage's structural keel beam. </p><p>An unusual four-panel set of all-metal, tambour-panel "roller-type" bomb bay doors, which operated very much like the movable enclosure of a <a href="/wiki/Rolltop_desk" title="Rolltop desk">rolltop desk</a>, retracted into the fuselage. These types of doors created a minimum of aerodynamic drag to keep speed high over the target area; they also allowed the bomb bays to be opened while on the ground since the low ground clearance prevented the use of normal bomb bay doors.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The occasional need during a mission for crewmen to move from fore to aft within the B-24's fuselage over the narrow catwalk was a drawback shared with other bomber designs. </p><p>The Liberator carried a crew of up to ten. The pilot and co-pilot sat alongside each other in a well-glazed cockpit. The navigator and bombardier — who could also double as a nose or <i>wiggly ear</i> gunners (guns mounted in the sides of the aircraft nose) — sat in the nose, fronted on the pre-B-24H models with a well-framed "greenhouse" nose with some two dozen glazed panels and with two flexible ball-mounts built into it for forward defensive firepower using <a href="/wiki/.30-06_Springfield" title=".30-06 Springfield">.30 caliber (7.62 mm)</a> <a href="/wiki/M1919_Browning_machine_gun" title="M1919 Browning machine gun">Browning M1919</a> machine guns (later versions were fitted with a powered twin-.50 caliber (12.7 mm) <a href="/wiki/M2_Browning" title="M2 Browning">M2 Browning machine gun</a> nose <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_gun_turret" class="mw-redirect" title="Aircraft gun turret">turret</a>). The radio/radar operator sat behind the pilots, facing sideways and sometimes doubled as a waist gunner. The flight engineer sat adjacent to the radio operator behind the pilots; he operated the upper gun turret (when fitted), located just behind the cockpit and in front of the wing. </p><p>Up to four crew members could be located in the waist, operating waist guns, a retractable lower <a href="/wiki/Ball_turret" title="Ball turret">ball turret</a> gun, and a <a href="/wiki/Tail_gunner" title="Tail gunner">tail gun turret</a> matching the nose turret. The waist gun hatches were provided with doors. The ball turret was required to be retractable for ground clearance when preparing to land as well as for greater aerodynamic efficiency. The tail gunner's powered twin-gun turret was located at the end of the tail, behind the tailplane. </p><p>The B-24 featured a tricycle undercarriage, the first American bomber to do so,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the main gear extending out of the wing on long, single-oleo strut legs. It used differential braking and differential thrust for ground steering, which made taxiing difficult.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armament">Armament</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Special:EditPage/Consolidated B-24 Liberator">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The defensive armament of the B-24 varied from transport variants, which were usually unarmed, to bombers armed with up to ten .50 caliber (12.7 mm) M2 Browning machine guns located in turrets and waist gun positions. </p><p>Early model Liberators were fitted with a top-mounted turret, a tail turret and single machine guns located in the waist and in the glazed nose. The B-24D initially featured upper, belly and tail turrets, plus swiveling single guns in the waist and on either side of the nose. The belly turret was a periscopically sighted Bendix model. The turret proved unsatisfactory and was soon replaced by a tunnel gun, which was itself omitted. Later D models were fitted with the retractable Sperry ball turret. </p><p>The B-24H saw the replacement of the glazed 'green house' nose with a nose turret, which reduced the B-24s vulnerability to head-on attacks. The bombsight was located below the turret. </p><p>Long-range naval patrol versions often carried a light defensive armament. Being on long-distance patrols, they generally flew outside the range of enemy fighters. Also, the necessity of range increased the importance of weight and aerodynamic efficiency. Thus naval patrol often omitted top, belly and nose turrets. Some were fitted with a belly pack containing fixed, forward-facing cannon. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prototypes_and_service_evaluation">Prototypes and service evaluation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Special:EditPage/Consolidated B-24 Liberator">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The U.S. Army Air Corps awarded a contract for the prototype XB-24 in March 1939, with the requirement that one example should be ready before the end of the year. Consolidated finished the prototype and had it ready for its first flight two days before the end of 1939. The design was simple in concept but, nevertheless, advanced for its time. Consolidated incorporated innovative features such as a tricycle landing gear and Davis wing. </p><p>Compared to the B-17, the proposed Model 32 had a shorter fuselage and 25% less wing area, but had a 6 ft (1.8 m) greater <a href="/wiki/Wingspan" title="Wingspan">wingspan</a> and a substantially larger carrying capacity, as well as a distinctive twin tail. Whereas the B-17 used 9-cylinder <a href="/wiki/Wright_R-1820" class="mw-redirect" title="Wright R-1820">Wright R-1820</a> Cyclone engines, the Consolidated design used twin-row, 14-cylinder <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-1830" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratt & Whitney R-1830">Pratt & Whitney R-1830</a> "Twin Wasp" radials of 1,000 hp (750 kW). The maximum takeoff weight was one of the highest of the period. </p><p>The new design would be the first American heavy bomber in production to use tricycle landing gear – the <a href="/wiki/North_American_B-25_Mitchell" title="North American B-25 Mitchell">North American B-25 Mitchell</a> medium bomber's predecessor, the NA-40 introduced this feature in January 1939 – with the Consolidated Model 32 having long, thin wings with the efficient "Davis" high <a href="/wiki/Aspect_ratio_(wing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspect ratio (wing)">aspect ratio</a> design (also used on the projected Model 31 twin-engined commercial flying boat)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> promising to provide maximum <a href="/wiki/Fuel_efficiency" title="Fuel efficiency">fuel efficiency</a>. Wind tunnel testing and experimental programs using an existing Consolidated Model 31 provided extensive data on the flight characteristics of the Davis airfoil.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early orders, placed before the XB-24 had flown, included 36 for the USAAC, 120 for the <a href="/wiki/French_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="French Air Force">French Air Force</a> and 164 for the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> (RAF). The name "Liberator" was originally given to it <a href="/wiki/British_military_aircraft_designation_systems#Names" title="British military aircraft designation systems">by the RAF</a>, and subsequently adopted by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">USAAF</a> as the official name for the Model 24.<sup id="cite_ref-Taylor_1968,_p._463_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taylor_1968,_p._463-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When France fell in 1940, their aircraft were re-directed to the RAF. One outcome of the <a href="/wiki/British_Purchasing_Commission" title="British Purchasing Commission">British and French purchasing commissions</a> was a backlog of orders amounting to $680m, of which $400m was foreign orders, US official statistics indicating tooling, plant and expansion advanced the previously anticipated volume of US aircraft production by up to a year. A consequence of the British orders went beyond requests for specific modifications: as the RAF accepted some designs while rejecting others, American production was – to some extent – re-directed along specific lines that accorded with British doctrine, the B-24's capacious bomb bay and ability to carry 8,000 lb ordnance a case in point.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After initial testing, the <b>XB-24</b> was found to be deficient in several areas. One major failure of the prototype was that it failed to meet the top speed requirements specified in the contract. As built, the XB-24 top speed was only 273 mph instead of the specified 311 mph. As a result, the mechanically supercharged Pratt & Whitney R-1830-33s were replaced with the <a href="/wiki/Turbocharger" title="Turbocharger">turbo-supercharged</a> R-1830s. Additionally, the tail span was widened by 2 ft (0.61 m) and the <a href="/wiki/Pitot-static_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitot-static system">pitot-static probes</a> were relocated from the wings to the <a href="/wiki/Fuselage" title="Fuselage">fuselage</a>. The XB-24 was then re-designated XB-24B—these changes became standard on all B-24s built starting with the B-24C model. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:YB-24.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/YB-24.jpg/220px-YB-24.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/YB-24.jpg/330px-YB-24.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/YB-24.jpg/440px-YB-24.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1189" /></a><figcaption>An early B-24D</figcaption></figure> <p>In April 1939, the USAAC initially ordered seven <b>YB-24</b> under <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Aircraft" title="Consolidated Aircraft">CAC</a> contract # 12464. The US policy at the time, despite neutrality, was that American requirements could be deferred while its Allies could immediately put US production into the war effort. The added advantage was the American types could be assessed in the European war zone earlier. Thus the first six YB-24 were released for direct purchase under CAC contract # F-677 on 9 November 1940. These aircraft were redesignated <b>LB-30A</b>. The seventh aircraft was used by Consolidated and the USAAC to test <a href="/wiki/Armor" class="mw-redirect" title="Armor">armor</a> installations as well as <a href="/wiki/Self-sealing_fuel_tank" title="Self-sealing fuel tank">self-sealing fuel tanks</a>. Initially, these aircraft were to be given USAAC serials 39–681 to 39-687. Due to deferments of the US requirements, the US purchase was twice postponed, and the serial numbers were changed to 40–696 to 40-702. When the RAF purchased the first six YB-24 aircraft, the serial numbers were reassigned to an early batch of B-24D funded by the deferment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flying_the_B-24">Flying the B-24</h3></div> <p>Lindell Hendrix, later a test pilot for <a href="/wiki/Republic_Aviation" title="Republic Aviation">Republic Aviation</a>, flew B-24s for the Eighth Air Force.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hendrix preferred the B-24 to the B-17. In Eighth Air Force combat configuration, the aircraft carried 8,000 pounds (3,600 kg) of bombs. It could manage an altitude of no more than 25,000 ft (7,600 m), three or four thousand feet less than a B-17, but it flew 10–15 mph (16–24 km/h) faster. Its lower altitude made it more vulnerable to flak. Hendrix figured that Germans understood it was easier to hit, and that it carried more bombs. </p><p>It was necessary when flying the B-24, to get "on step". This meant climbing to about 500 ft (150 m) above cruise altitude, levelling off, achieving a cruise speed of 165–170 mph (266–274 km/h), then descending to assigned altitude. Failing to do this meant that the B-24 flew slightly nose high, and it used more fuel. The Davis wing made the B-24 sensitive to weight distribution. Hendrix claimed that a lightly loaded B-24 could out-turn a P-38 Lightning. A heavily loaded B-24 was difficult to fly at speeds of less than 160 mph (260 km/h). The B-24's controls were heavy, especially if the control rigging was not properly tensioned. </p><p>B-24s leaked fuel. Crews flew with the bomb bay doors slightly open to dissipate potentially explosive fumes. Hendrix did not permit smoking on his B-24, even though he was a smoker. Chain smoker <a href="/wiki/Tex_Thornton" title="Tex Thornton">"Tex" Thornton</a>, then in command of the US Army Air Corps' Statistical Control, flew across the Atlantic in a B-24, and was not permitted to smoke. Thornton's Statistical Control group demonstrated that Eighth Air Force B-24s were taking lower casualties than B-17s because they were being given shorter, safer missions. The B-17s actually delivered more bombs to the target than B-24s.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operational_history">Operational history</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="RAF">RAF</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LB-30_Ferry_Command.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/LB-30_Ferry_Command.jpg/220px-LB-30_Ferry_Command.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/LB-30_Ferry_Command.jpg/330px-LB-30_Ferry_Command.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/LB-30_Ferry_Command.jpg/440px-LB-30_Ferry_Command.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1747" data-file-height="601" /></a><figcaption>Consolidated LB-30A, s/n AM260, used by Atlantic Ferry Command</figcaption></figure> <p>The first British Liberators had been ordered by the Anglo-French Purchasing Board in 1940. After the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Fall of France</a> the French orders were in most cases transferred to the United Kingdom. The RAF found, as did the US, that global war increased the need for air transports and early-type bombers and seaplanes were converted or completed as cargo carriers and transports. LB-30As were assigned to <a href="/wiki/Transatlantic_flight" title="Transatlantic flight">transatlantic flights</a> by <a href="/wiki/RAF_Ferry_Command" title="RAF Ferry Command">RAF Ferry Command</a>, between Canada and <a href="/wiki/Prestwick" title="Prestwick">Prestwick</a>, Scotland. The first Liberators in British service were ex-USAAF YB-24s converted to <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Liberator_I" title="Consolidated Liberator I">Liberator GR Is</a> (USAAF designation: LB-30A). The aircraft were all modified for logistic use in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>. Changes included the removal of all armament, provision for passenger seating, a revised cabin <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heating_system" title="Heating system">heating system</a>. Ferry Command's Atlantic Return Ferry Service flew civilian ferry pilots, who had delivered aircraft to the UK, back to North America.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The most important role, however, for the first batch of the Liberator GR Is was in service with <a href="/wiki/RAF_Coastal_Command" title="RAF Coastal Command">RAF Coastal Command</a> on anti-submarine patrols in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic_(1940)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Atlantic (1940)">Battle of the Atlantic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-March_p63_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-March_p63-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liberator_B_Mk.I_in_RAF_service_23_03_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Liberator_B_Mk.I_in_RAF_service_23_03_05.jpg/220px-Liberator_B_Mk.I_in_RAF_service_23_03_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Liberator_B_Mk.I_in_RAF_service_23_03_05.jpg/330px-Liberator_B_Mk.I_in_RAF_service_23_03_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Liberator_B_Mk.I_in_RAF_service_23_03_05.jpg/440px-Liberator_B_Mk.I_in_RAF_service_23_03_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>LB-30A (YB-24) in RAF service</figcaption></figure> <p>Later in 1941, the first Liberators entered RAF service. This model introduced self-sealing fuel tanks, a 2 ft 7 in (79 cm) plug in the forward fuselage to create more space for crew members and, more vitally, ever more equipment such as <a href="/wiki/ASV_Mark_II_radar" title="ASV Mark II radar">ASV Mark II radar</a> (anticipated early in the Liberator's development when Reuben Fleet told the engineering team he had a gut feeling the nose was too short). The Mark II was the first Liberator to be equipped with powered turrets, one plane having them installed before leaving San Diego, the remainder having them installed in the field: four Browning <a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Aircraft#Boulton_Paul_gun_turrets" title="Boulton Paul Aircraft">Boulton Paul</a> A-type Mk IV with 600 rounds of .303 in the dorsal position; and a Boulton Paul E-type Mk II with 2200 rounds in the tail (later increased to 2500 rounds), supplemented by pairs of guns at the waist position, a single gun in the nose and another in the belly, for a total of fourteen guns. The maximum take-off weight was slightly raised to 64,250 pounds, the maximum altitude lifted from 21,200 to 24,000 feet but the maximum speed was reduced to 263 mph, largely as a result of increased drag.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Liberator II (referred to as the LB-30A by the USAAF<sup id="cite_ref-Taylor_1968,_p._463_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taylor_1968,_p._463-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) were divided between <a href="/wiki/Coastal_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastal Command">Coastal Command</a>, <a href="/wiki/RAF_Bomber_Command" title="RAF Bomber Command">Bomber Command</a>, and <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Airways_Corporation" title="British Overseas Airways Corporation">British Overseas Airways Corporation</a> (BOAC). Both BOAC and the RAF used converted Liberator IIs as unarmed long-range cargo carriers. These aircraft flew between the United Kingdom and <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> (with an extensive detour around <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> over the Atlantic), and they were used in the evacuation of <a href="/wiki/Java_(island)" class="mw-redirect" title="Java (island)">Java</a> in the <a href="/wiki/East_Indies" title="East Indies">East Indies</a>. BOAC also flew trans-Atlantic services and other various long-range air transportation routes. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liberator_120_Squadron.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Liberator_120_Squadron.jpg/220px-Liberator_120_Squadron.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Liberator_120_Squadron.jpg/330px-Liberator_120_Squadron.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Liberator_120_Squadron.jpg/440px-Liberator_120_Squadron.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2038" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>Consolidated Liberator Mk.I of 120 Squadron Coastal Command RAF, used from December 1941</figcaption></figure> <p>Two RAF bomber squadrons with Liberators were deployed to the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> in early 1942. While RAF Bomber Command did not use B-24s as strategic bombers over mainland <a href="/wiki/North_West_Europe_campaign" title="North West Europe campaign">North West Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/No._223_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 223 Squadron RAF">No. 223 Squadron RAF</a>, one of Bomber Command's <a href="/wiki/No._100_Group_RAF" title="No. 100 Group RAF">100 (Bomber Support) Group</a> squadrons, used 20 Liberator VIs to carry electronic jamming equipment to counter German radar. </p><p>In October 1944, two RAF Liberator squadrons (357 and 358) were deployed to <a href="/wiki/Jessore_District" title="Jessore District">Jessore</a>, India, in support of British SAS, American OSS and French SIS underground operations throughout SE Asia. The aircraft were stripped of most armaments to allow for fuel for up to 26-hour return flights such as Jessore to Singapore.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Liberators were also used as anti-submarine patrol aircraft by RAF Coastal Command. RAF Liberators were operated as bombers from <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> by <a href="/wiki/South_East_Asia_Command" title="South East Asia Command">SEAC</a> and would have been a part of <a href="/wiki/Tiger_Force_(air)" title="Tiger Force (air)">Tiger Force</a> if the war had continued. Many of the surviving Liberators originated in this Command. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antisubmarine_and_maritime_patrols">Antisubmarine and maritime patrols</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B-24_Liberator_Consolidated-Vultee_Plant,_Fort_Worth_Texas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/B-24_Liberator_Consolidated-Vultee_Plant%2C_Fort_Worth_Texas.jpg/220px-B-24_Liberator_Consolidated-Vultee_Plant%2C_Fort_Worth_Texas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/B-24_Liberator_Consolidated-Vultee_Plant%2C_Fort_Worth_Texas.jpg/330px-B-24_Liberator_Consolidated-Vultee_Plant%2C_Fort_Worth_Texas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/B-24_Liberator_Consolidated-Vultee_Plant%2C_Fort_Worth_Texas.jpg/440px-B-24_Liberator_Consolidated-Vultee_Plant%2C_Fort_Worth_Texas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="860" data-file-height="665" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Army_Air_Forces_Antisubmarine_Command" title="Army Air Forces Antisubmarine Command">AAF Antisubmarine Command (AAFAC)</a> modifications at the Consolidated-Vultee Plant, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth, Texas</a> in the foreground in the olive drab and white paint scheme. To the rear of this front line are partly assembled C-87 "Liberator Express Transports".</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leigh_Light.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Leigh_Light.jpg/170px-Leigh_Light.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Leigh_Light.jpg/255px-Leigh_Light.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Leigh_Light.jpg/340px-Leigh_Light.jpg 2x" data-file-width="539" data-file-height="790" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Anti-submarine_warfare" title="Anti-submarine warfare">Anti-Submarine Weapons</a>: <a href="/wiki/Leigh_light" class="mw-redirect" title="Leigh light">Leigh light</a> used for spotting <a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boats</a> on the surface at night, fitted to a Liberator aircraft of <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/RAF_Coastal_Command" title="RAF Coastal Command">Coastal Command</a>. 26 February 1944.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Liberators made a significant contribution to Allied victory in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Battle of the Atlantic</a> against German <a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boats</a>. Aircraft had the ability to undertake surprise air attacks against surfaced submarines. Liberators assigned to the RAF's Coastal Command in 1941, offensively to patrol against submarines in the eastern <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>, produced immediate results. The introduction of Very Long Range (VLR) Liberators vastly increased the reach of the UK's maritime reconnaissance force, closing the <a href="/wiki/Mid_Atlantic_Gap" class="mw-redirect" title="Mid Atlantic Gap">Mid Atlantic Gap</a> where a lack of air cover had allowed U-boats to operate without risk of aerial attack.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For 12 months, <a href="/wiki/No._120_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 120 Squadron RAF">No. 120 Squadron RAF</a> of Coastal Command with its handful of worn and modified early model Liberators supplied the only air cover for convoys in the Atlantic Gap, the Liberator being the only airplane with sufficient range. The VLR Liberators sacrificed some armor and often gun turrets to save weight, while carrying extra aviation <a href="/wiki/Gasoline" title="Gasoline">gasoline</a> in their bomb-bay tanks. Liberators were equipped with <a href="/wiki/ASV_Mk._II_radar" class="mw-redirect" title="ASV Mk. II radar">ASV Mk. II radar</a>, which together with the <a href="/wiki/Leigh_light" class="mw-redirect" title="Leigh light">Leigh light</a>, gave them the ability to hunt U-boats by day and by night. Before the <a href="/wiki/Leigh_Light" title="Leigh Light">Leigh Light</a>, not a single enemy submarine had been sunk in over five months, but in combination with radar, it was so overwhelmingly effective that many German submarine crews chose to surface during the day so that they could at least see the aircraft attacking them and have a chance to fire their anti-aircraft weaponry in defense.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These Liberators operated from both sides of the Atlantic with the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force" title="Royal Canadian Air Force">Royal Canadian Air Force</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Army_Air_Forces_Antisubmarine_Command" title="Army Air Forces Antisubmarine Command">Army Air Forces Antisubmarine Command</a> and later, the <a href="/wiki/US_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="US Navy">US Navy</a> conducting patrols along all three American coasts and the Canal Zone. The RAF and later American patrols ranged from the east, based in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> and beginning in mid-1943 from the <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a>. This role was dangerous, especially after many U-boats were armed with extra <a href="/wiki/Anti-aircraft_warfare" title="Anti-aircraft warfare">anti-aircraft</a> guns, some adopting the policy of staying on the surface to fight, rather than submerging and risking being sunk by aerial weapons such as rockets, gunfire, torpedoes and depth charges from the bombers. American Liberators flew from <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a>, the Azores, <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">the Bahamas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, Panama, <a href="/wiki/Trinidad" title="Trinidad">Trinidad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a> and from wherever else they could fly far out over the Atlantic. </p><p>The sudden and decisive turning of the Battle of the Atlantic in favor of the Allies in May 1943 was the result of many factors. The gradual arrival of many more VLR and in October, PB4Y navalized Liberators for anti-submarine missions over the Mid-Atlantic gap ("black pit") and the Bay of Biscay was an important contribution to the Allies' greater success. Liberators were credited in full or in part with sinking 93 U-boats.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The B-24 was vital for missions of a radius less than 1,000 mi (1,600 km), in both the Atlantic and Pacific theaters where U.S. Navy PB4Y-1s and USAAF SB-24s took a heavy toll of enemy submarines and surface combatants and shipping. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="USAAF">USAAF</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Introduction_to_service,_1941–1942"><span id="Introduction_to_service.2C_1941.E2.80.931942"></span>Introduction to service, 1941–1942</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B-24_Liberators_at_low_altitude.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/B-24_Liberators_at_low_altitude.jpg/170px-B-24_Liberators_at_low_altitude.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/B-24_Liberators_at_low_altitude.jpg/255px-B-24_Liberators_at_low_altitude.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/B-24_Liberators_at_low_altitude.jpg/340px-B-24_Liberators_at_low_altitude.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="2688" /></a><figcaption>B-24s bomb the <a href="/wiki/Ploie%C8%99ti" title="Ploiești">Ploiești</a> oil fields in August 1943.</figcaption></figure> <p>The United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) took delivery of its first B-24As in mid-1941. Over the next three years, B-24 squadrons deployed to all theaters of the war: African, European, China-Burma-India, the Anti-submarine Campaign, the Southwest Pacific Theater and the Pacific Theater. In the Pacific, to simplify logistics and to take advantage of its longer range, the B-24 (and its twin, the U.S. Navy PB4Y) was the chosen standard heavy bomber. By mid-1943, the shorter-range B-17 was phased out. The Liberators which had served early in the war in the Pacific continued the efforts from the Philippines, Australia, Espiritu Santo, Guadalcanal, Hawaii, and Midway Island. The Liberator peak overseas deployment was 45.5 bomb groups in June 1944. Additionally, the Liberator equipped a number of independent squadrons in a variety of special combat roles. The cargo versions, C-87 and C-109 tanker, further increased its overseas presence, especially in Asia in support of the XX Bomber Command air offensive against Japan. </p><p>So vital was the need for long-range operations, that at first USAAF used the type as transports. The sole B-24 in Hawaii was destroyed by the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attack on Pearl Harbor</a> on 7 December 1941. It had been sent to the Central Pacific for a very long-range reconnaissance mission that was preempted by the Japanese attack. </p><p>The first USAAF Liberators to carry out combat missions were 12 repossessed LB-30s deployed to Java with the <a href="/wiki/11th_Bombardment_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="11th Bombardment Squadron">11th Bombardment Squadron</a> (<a href="/wiki/7th_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="7th Bombardment Group">7th Bombardment Group</a>) that flew their first combat mission in mid-January. Two were shot up by Japanese fighters, but both managed to land safely. One was written off due to battle damage and the other crash-landed on a beach. </p><p>US-based Liberators entered combat service in 1942 when on 6 June, four LB-30s from <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> staging through <a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">Midway Island</a> attempted an attack on <a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a>, but were unable to find it.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The B-24 came to dominate the heavy bombardment role in the Pacific because compared to the B-17, the B-24 was faster, had longer range, and could carry a ton more bombs.<sup id="cite_ref-levine1992_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-levine1992-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Strategic_bombing,_1942–1945"><span id="Strategic_bombing.2C_1942.E2.80.931945"></span>Strategic bombing, 1942–1945</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bombing_of_Concordia_Vega_oil_refinery_in_Ploe%C8%99ti_by_USAAF_B-24s,_31_May_1944_%E2%80%94_restored.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Bombing_of_Concordia_Vega_oil_refinery_in_Ploe%C8%99ti_by_USAAF_B-24s%2C_31_May_1944_%E2%80%94_restored.jpg/220px-Bombing_of_Concordia_Vega_oil_refinery_in_Ploe%C8%99ti_by_USAAF_B-24s%2C_31_May_1944_%E2%80%94_restored.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Bombing_of_Concordia_Vega_oil_refinery_in_Ploe%C8%99ti_by_USAAF_B-24s%2C_31_May_1944_%E2%80%94_restored.jpg/330px-Bombing_of_Concordia_Vega_oil_refinery_in_Ploe%C8%99ti_by_USAAF_B-24s%2C_31_May_1944_%E2%80%94_restored.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Bombing_of_Concordia_Vega_oil_refinery_in_Ploe%C8%99ti_by_USAAF_B-24s%2C_31_May_1944_%E2%80%94_restored.jpg/440px-Bombing_of_Concordia_Vega_oil_refinery_in_Ploe%C8%99ti_by_USAAF_B-24s%2C_31_May_1944_%E2%80%94_restored.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5522" data-file-height="4145" /></a><figcaption>15th Air Force B-24s attacking the <a href="/wiki/Vega_Refinery" title="Vega Refinery">Concordia Vega Oil refinery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ploie%C8%99ti" title="Ploiești">Ploiești</a>, Romania fly through flak and over the destruction created by preceding waves of bombers, May 31, 1944.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 12 June 1942, 13 B-24s of the Halverson Project (HALPRO) flying from Egypt attacked the Axis-controlled oil fields and refineries around <a href="/wiki/Ploie%C8%99ti" title="Ploiești">Ploiești</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>. Within weeks, the First Provisional Bombardment Group formed from the remnants of the Halverson and China detachments. This unit then was formalized as the 376th Bombardment Group, Heavy, and along with the 98th BG formed the nucleus of the IX Bomber Command of the <a href="/wiki/Ninth_Air_Force#World_War_II" title="Ninth Air Force">Ninth Air Force</a>, operating from Africa until absorbed into the Twelfth Air Force briefly, and then the <a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Air_Force#World_War_II" title="Fifteenth Air Force">Fifteenth Air Force</a>, operating from Italy. The Ninth Air Force moved to England in late 1943. This was a major component of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Strategic_Air_Forces_in_Europe" title="United States Strategic Air Forces in Europe">USSTAF</a> and took a major role in strategic bombing. Fifteen of the 15th AF's 21 <a href="/wiki/USAAF_bombardment_group" class="mw-redirect" title="USAAF bombardment group">bombardment groups</a> flew B-24s. </p><p>For much of 1944, the B-24 was the predominant bomber of U.S. Strategic Air Forces (USSTAF) formerly the <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Air_Force" title="Eighth Air Force">Eighth Air Force</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Pointblank" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Pointblank">Combined Bomber Offensive</a> against Germany, forming nearly half of its heavy bomber strength in the ETO prior to August and most of the Italian-based force. Thousands of B-24s flying from bases in Europe dropped hundreds of thousands of tons of <a href="/wiki/Bomb#High_explosive" title="Bomb">high explosive</a> and <a href="/wiki/Incendiary_bomb#Development_and_use_in_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Incendiary bomb">incendiary bombs</a> on German military, industrial, and civilian targets. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/44th_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="44th Bombardment Group">44th Bombardment Group</a> was one of the first two heavy bombardment groups flying the B-24 with the 8th Air Force in the fall/winter air campaigns in the European Theater of Operations.<sup id="cite_ref-44th_BG_History_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44th_BG_History-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 44th Bomb Group flew the first of its 344 combat missions against the Axis powers in World War II on 7 November 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-44th_BG_History_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44th_BG_History-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B-24_Liberators_over_Bratislava,_Slovakia_on_16_June_1944.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/B-24_Liberators_over_Bratislava%2C_Slovakia_on_16_June_1944.jpg/220px-B-24_Liberators_over_Bratislava%2C_Slovakia_on_16_June_1944.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/B-24_Liberators_over_Bratislava%2C_Slovakia_on_16_June_1944.jpg/330px-B-24_Liberators_over_Bratislava%2C_Slovakia_on_16_June_1944.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/B-24_Liberators_over_Bratislava%2C_Slovakia_on_16_June_1944.jpg/440px-B-24_Liberators_over_Bratislava%2C_Slovakia_on_16_June_1944.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2602" /></a><figcaption>15th Air Force B-24s attacking the <a href="/wiki/Slovnaft" title="Slovnaft">Apollo oil refinery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovakia</a>, June 16, 1944.</figcaption></figure> <p>The first B-24 loss over German territory occurred on 26 February 1943. Earlier in the war, both the Luftwaffe and the Royal Air Force had abandoned <a href="/wiki/Daylight_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Daylight bombing">daylight bombing</a> raids because neither could sustain the losses suffered. The Americans persisted, however, at great cost in men and aircraft. In the period between 7 November 1942 and 8 March 1943, the 44th Bomb Group lost 13 of its original 27 B-24s.<sup id="cite_ref-44th_BG_History_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44th_BG_History-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For some time, newspapers had been requesting permission for a reporter to go on one of the missions. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Post_(journalist)" title="Robert Post (journalist)">Robert B. Post</a> and five other reporters of <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> were granted permission. Post was the only reporter assigned to a B-24-equipped group, the 44th Bomb Group. He flew in B-24 41-23777 ("Maisey") on Mission No. 37 to <a href="/wiki/Bremen,_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Bremen, Germany">Bremen, Germany</a>. Intercepted just short of the target, the B-24 came under attack from <a href="/wiki/Jagdgeschwader_1_(World_War_II)" title="Jagdgeschwader 1 (World War II)">JG 1</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109">Messerschmitt Bf 109s</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Leutnant" title="Leutnant">Leutnant</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Heinz_Knoke" title="Heinz Knoke">Heinz Knoke</a> (who finished the war with 31 kills) shot down the Liberator. Post and all but two of the 11 men aboard were killed. Knoke reported: "The fire spread out along the right wing. The inboard propeller windmilled to a stop. And then, suddenly, the whole wing broke off. At an altitude of 900 metres there was a tremendous explosion. The bomber had disintegrated. The blazing wreckage landed just outside <a href="/wiki/Bad_Zwischenahn" title="Bad Zwischenahn">Bad Zwischenahn</a> airfield."<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B-24_Destroyed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/B-24_Destroyed.jpg/220px-B-24_Destroyed.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/B-24_Destroyed.jpg/330px-B-24_Destroyed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/B-24_Destroyed.jpg/440px-B-24_Destroyed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1193" /></a><figcaption>A B-24M of the <a href="/wiki/448th_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="448th Bombardment Group">448th Bombardment Group</a>, breaks in half after attack by a <a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_262" title="Messerschmitt Me 262">Messerschmitt Me 262</a> jet fighter</figcaption></figure> <p>A total of 177 B-24s carried out the famous second attack on Ploiești (<a href="/wiki/Operation_Tidal_Wave" title="Operation Tidal Wave">Operation Tidal Wave</a>) on 1 August 1943. This was the B-24's most costly mission. In late June 1943, the three B-24 Liberator groups of the 8th Air Force were sent to North Africa on temporary duty with the 9th Air Force:<sup id="cite_ref-44th_BG_History_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44th_BG_History-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the 44th Bomb Group joined the 93rd and the 389th Bomb Groups. These three units then joined the two 9th Air Force B-24 Liberator groups for low-level attack on the Romanian oil complex at Ploiești. This daring assault by high-altitude bombers at treetop level was a costly success. The attack became disorganized after a navigational error which alerted the defenders and protracted the bomb run from the initial point. The 44th destroyed both of its assigned targets, but lost 11 of its 37 bombers and their crews. Colonel <a href="/wiki/Leon_W._Johnson" title="Leon W. Johnson">Leon W. Johnson</a>, the 44th's commander, was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a> for his leadership, as was Col. <a href="/wiki/John_R._Kane" title="John R. Kane">John Riley "Killer" Kane</a>, commander of the 98th Bomb Group. Kane and Johnson survived the mission but three other recipients of the Medal of Honor for their actions in the mission—Lt. <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_H._Hughes" class="mw-redirect" title="Lloyd H. Hughes">Lloyd H. Hughes</a>, Maj. <a href="/wiki/John_L._Jerstad" title="John L. Jerstad">John L. Jerstad</a> and Col. <a href="/wiki/Addison_E._Baker" class="mw-redirect" title="Addison E. Baker">Addison E. Baker</a>—were killed in action. For its actions on the Ploiești mission, the 44th was awarded its second <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Unit_Citation_(United_States)" title="Presidential Unit Citation (United States)">Distinguished Unit Citation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44th_BG_History_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44th_BG_History-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the 177 B-24s that were dispatched on this operation, 54 were lost.<sup id="cite_ref-44th_BG_History_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44th_BG_History-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Radar/Electronic_warfare_and_PGM_deployment"><span id="Radar.2FElectronic_warfare_and_PGM_deployment"></span>Radar/Electronic warfare and PGM deployment</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenix-Deer_Valley_Airport-Wings_of_Freedom-B-24_J_Liberator-7.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Phoenix-Deer_Valley_Airport-Wings_of_Freedom-B-24_J_Liberator-7.JPG/220px-Phoenix-Deer_Valley_Airport-Wings_of_Freedom-B-24_J_Liberator-7.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Phoenix-Deer_Valley_Airport-Wings_of_Freedom-B-24_J_Liberator-7.JPG/330px-Phoenix-Deer_Valley_Airport-Wings_of_Freedom-B-24_J_Liberator-7.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Phoenix-Deer_Valley_Airport-Wings_of_Freedom-B-24_J_Liberator-7.JPG/440px-Phoenix-Deer_Valley_Airport-Wings_of_Freedom-B-24_J_Liberator-7.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The bomb bay of a surviving B-24J Liberator in 2016</figcaption></figure> <p>The B-24 advanced the use of electronic warfare and equipped Search Bomber (SB), Low Altitude (LAB) and Radar Counter Measure (RCM) squadrons in addition to high-altitude bombing. Among the specialized squadrons were the 20th RS (RCM), 36th BS (RCM), 406th NLS, 63rd BS (SB) SeaHawks, 373rdBS (LAB) and 868th BS (SB) Snoopers. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/36th_Bombardment_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="36th Bombardment Squadron">36th Bombardment Squadron</a> was the Eighth Air Force's only electronic warfare squadron using specially equipped B-24s to jam German VHF communications during large Eighth Air Force daylight raids. In addition, the 36th BS flew night missions with RAF Bomber Command's own electronic warfare unit <a href="/wiki/No._100_Group_RAF" title="No. 100 Group RAF">100 Group</a> at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Sculthorpe" class="mw-redirect" title="RAF Sculthorpe">RAF Sculthorpe</a>. Radar Counter Measures (RCM) was code-named Carpet, however, this should not be confused with agent and supply drops, code-named "Carpetbaggers". </p><p>The B-24 was the platform for the pioneering use of the Americans' <a href="/wiki/Azon" title="Azon">Azon</a> laterally-guidable <a href="/wiki/Precision-guided_munition" title="Precision-guided munition">precision-guided munition</a> ordnance design, a pioneering <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> radio-guided munition system during World War II. The ordnance of 1,000 lb weight, was deployed operationally by USAAF B-24s in both Europe and the <a href="/wiki/China-Burma-India_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="China-Burma-India Theater">CBI theaters</a>. The Eighth Air Force's <a href="/wiki/458th_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="458th Bombardment Group">458th Bombardment Group</a> deployed the guided Azon ordnance in Europe between June and September 1944,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the <a href="/wiki/Tenth_Air_Force" title="Tenth Air Force">Tenth Air Force</a>'s <a href="/wiki/93rd_Air_Refueling_Squadron#World_War_II" title="93rd Air Refueling Squadron">493rd Bomb Squadron</a> employed it against Japanese railroad bridges on the <a href="/wiki/Burma_Railway" title="Burma Railway">Burma Railway</a> in early 1945, fulfilling the intended original purpose of the Azon system.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Assembly_ships">Assembly ships</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Assembly_ship" title="Assembly ship">Assembly ship</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:First_Sergeant_B-24D_Assembly_Ship_or_Judas_Goat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/First_Sergeant_B-24D_Assembly_Ship_or_Judas_Goat.jpg/220px-First_Sergeant_B-24D_Assembly_Ship_or_Judas_Goat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/First_Sergeant_B-24D_Assembly_Ship_or_Judas_Goat.jpg/330px-First_Sergeant_B-24D_Assembly_Ship_or_Judas_Goat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/First_Sergeant_B-24D_Assembly_Ship_or_Judas_Goat.jpg/440px-First_Sergeant_B-24D_Assembly_Ship_or_Judas_Goat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1185" /></a><figcaption>B-24D-30-CO assembly ship <i>First Sergeant</i>, <a href="/wiki/458th_Air_Expeditionary_Group" title="458th Air Expeditionary Group">458th Bomb Group</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In February 1944, the 2nd Division authorized the use of "Assembly Ships" (or "Formation Ships") specially fitted to aid the assembly of individual group formations. They were equipped with signal lighting, provision for quantity discharge of pyrotechnics, and were painted with distinctive group-specific high-contrast patterns of stripes, checkers or polka dots to enable easy recognition by their flock of bombers. The aircraft used in the first allocation were B-24Ds retired by the 44th, 93rd and 389th Groups. Arrangements for signal lighting varied from group to group, but generally consisted of white flashing lamps on both sides of the fuselage arranged to form the identification letter of the group. All armament and armor were removed and in some cases the tail turret. In the B-24Hs used for this purpose, the nose turret was removed and replaced by a "carpetbagger" type nose. Following incidents when flare guns were accidentally discharged inside the rear fuselage, some assembly (formation) ships had pyrotechnic guns fixed through the fuselage sides. As these aircraft normally returned to base once a formation had been established, a skeleton crew of two pilots, navigator, radio operator and one or two flare discharge operators were carried. In some groups an observer officer flew in the tail position to monitor the formation. These aircraft became known as <a href="/wiki/Judas_goat" title="Judas goat">Judas goats</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id=""Carpetbaggers""><span id=".22Carpetbaggers.22"></span>"Carpetbaggers"</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B24-Cockpit_USAF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/B24-Cockpit_USAF.jpg/220px-B24-Cockpit_USAF.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/B24-Cockpit_USAF.jpg/330px-B24-Cockpit_USAF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/B24-Cockpit_USAF.jpg/440px-B24-Cockpit_USAF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="665" data-file-height="513" /></a><figcaption>B-24 cockpit</figcaption></figure> <p>From August 1943 until the end of the war in Europe, specially modified B-24Ds were used in classified missions. In a joint venture between the Army Air Forces and the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Strategic_Services" title="Office of Strategic Services">Office of Strategic Services</a> (OSS) code-named <a href="/wiki/Operation_Carpetbagger" title="Operation Carpetbagger">Operation Carpetbagger</a>, pilots and crews flew specially modified B-24Ds painted with a glossy black anti-searchlight paint to supply friendly underground forces throughout German-occupied Europe. They also flew <a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">Douglas C-47s</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-26_Invader" title="Douglas A-26 Invader">Douglas A-26 Invaders</a>, and British <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Mosquito" title="De Havilland Mosquito">de Havilland Mosquitos</a>. </p><p>Carpetbagger aircraft flew spies called "Joes" and commando groups prior to the Allied invasion of Europe on D-Day and afterward, and retrieved over 5,000 officers and enlisted men who had escaped capture after being shot down. The low-altitude, nighttime operation was extremely dangerous and took its toll on these airmen. The first aircrews chosen for this operation came from the anti-submarine bomb groups because of their special training in low altitude flying and pinpoint navigation skills. Because of their special skills, they were called upon to fly fuel to <a href="/wiki/George_S._Patton" title="George S. Patton">General George Patton</a>'s army during the summer and early autumn of 1944 when it outran its fuel supply. When this mission was completed, it was recorded that 822,791 US gallons (3,114,264 L) of 80 octane gasoline had been delivered to three different airfields in France and Belgium.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 859 BS was converted from day bombardment to these operations and then transferred to the 15th Air Force. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport_variants">Transport variants</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="C-87_Liberator_Express">C-87 Liberator Express</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_C-87_Liberator_Express" title="Consolidated C-87 Liberator Express">Consolidated C-87 Liberator Express</a></div> <p>In early 1942, with the need for a purpose-built transport with better high-altitude performance and longer range than the Douglas C-47 Skytrain, the San Diego plant began sending B-24D models to Fort Worth for conversion into the C-87 transport. The conversion had a hinged cargo door at the nose eliminating transparent nose and large cargo doors installed in the waist area. The C-87 had a large cargo floor, less powerful supercharged engines, no gun turrets, a floor in the bomb bay for freight, and some side windows. The navigator's position was relocated behind the pilot. Indigenous Fort Worth C-87 and AT-22 production began with the FY 1943 order for 80 serial-numbered airframes 43-30548 through 43–30627. </p><p>The C-87A was a dedicated VIP series built in small quantity. Early versions were fitted with a single .50 caliber (12.7 mm) Browning machine gun in their tails, and a XC-87B version proposed two .50 caliber (12.7 mm) fixed machine guns for the nose, operable by the pilot, though these were eventually removed. The XC-87B also designated a resurrected crash victim B-24D (42-40355) fitted with low altitude power packages and a forward fuselage extension. The extended nose earned it the name Pinocchio. Later modifications gave it a single tail and yet another type of engine packages bring it to near C-87C configuration. Other C-87 designations were the <a href="/wiki/1922_United_States_Navy_aircraft_designation_system" title="1922 United States Navy aircraft designation system">U.S. Navy designation</a> <b>RY</b> and Lend Lease Liberator Cargo VII. </p><p>Although only 287 C-87 and eight U.S. Navy RY variants were produced, they were still important in the Army Air Forces' airlift operations early in the war when aircraft with high-altitude, long-range heavy hauling abilities were in short supply. The C-87 flew in many theaters of war, including much hazardous duty in flights from Labrador to Greenland and Iceland in the North Atlantic. In the <a href="/wiki/China_Burma_India_Theater_of_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="China Burma India Theater of World War II">China Burma India Theater</a> (CBI), the C-87 was used to airlift cargo and fuel over <a href="/wiki/The_Hump" title="The Hump">the Hump</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a>) from <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> to <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. Early in the campaign, the C-87 was the only readily available American transport that could fly over the Himalayas while heavily loaded, rather than relying on circuitous and highly dangerous routes through valleys and mountain passes, but the type was not very popular with crews: they complained of various hazards including the fuel system, engines and cockpit accessories, while the type was notorious for leaking fuel tanks and mid-air fires a constant danger.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The C-87 also shared the Liberator's dangerous sensitivity to icing, particularly prevalent over Himalayan routes.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With these difficulties in mind it is little wonder the ATC India China Division was the only unit in the Command to be combat decorated during WWII, having been awarded a Distinguished Unit Citation. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Special:EditPage/Consolidated B-24 Liberator">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The C-87 was not always popular with the aircrews assigned to fly it. The aircraft had the distressing habit of losing all cockpit electrical power on takeoff or at landings, its engine power and reliability with the less-powerful superchargers also often left much to be desired. It proved to be quite vulnerable to icing conditions, and was prone to fall into a spin with even small amounts of ice accumulated onto its Davis wing. Since the aircraft had been designed to be a bomber that dropped its loads while airborne, the C-87's nose <a href="/wiki/Landing_gear" title="Landing gear">landing gear</a> was not designed for landing with a heavy load, and frequently it collapsed from the stress. Fuel leaks inside the crew compartment from the hastily modified long-range fuel system were an all-too-common occurrence. Lastly, unlike a typical purpose-designed transport, the B-24 was not designed to tolerate large loading variations because most of its load was held on fixed bomb racks. Consequently, it was relatively easy for a poorly trained ground crew to load a C-87 with its <a href="/wiki/Center_of_gravity" class="mw-redirect" title="Center of gravity">center of gravity</a> too far forward or aft, rendering the aircraft difficult to control due to inadequate or excessive longitudinal stability. In his autobiography, <i><a href="/wiki/Fate_is_the_Hunter" class="mw-redirect" title="Fate is the Hunter">Fate is the Hunter</a></i>, the writer <a href="/wiki/Ernest_K._Gann" title="Ernest K. Gann">Ernest K. Gann</a> reported that, while flying air cargo in India, he barely avoided crashing an improperly loaded C-87 into the <a href="/wiki/Taj_Mahal" title="Taj Mahal">Taj Mahal</a>. As soon as more dependable <a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-54_Skymaster" title="Douglas C-54 Skymaster">Douglas C-54 Skymaster</a> and <a href="/wiki/Curtiss-Wright_C-46_Commando" class="mw-redirect" title="Curtiss-Wright C-46 Commando">Curtiss-Wright C-46 Commando</a> transports became available in large numbers, C-87s were rapidly phased out of combat zone service, with some later used as VIP transports or B-24 flight crew trainers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="C-109_version">C-109 version</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:C-109_Liberator_Express_tanker_unloading.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/C-109_Liberator_Express_tanker_unloading.jpg/220px-C-109_Liberator_Express_tanker_unloading.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/C-109_Liberator_Express_tanker_unloading.jpg/330px-C-109_Liberator_Express_tanker_unloading.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/C-109_Liberator_Express_tanker_unloading.jpg/440px-C-109_Liberator_Express_tanker_unloading.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="414" /></a><figcaption>C-109 tanker unloading</figcaption></figure> <p>The C-109 was a dedicated fuel transport version of the B-24 conceived as a support aircraft for Boeing B-29 Superfortress operations in central China.<sup id="cite_ref-c-109_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c-109-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike the C-87, the C-109 was not built on the assembly line, but rather was converted from existing B-24 bomber production; to save weight, the glass nose, armament, turret fairings and bombardment equipment were removed. Several storage tanks were added, allowing a C-109 to carry 2,900 gal (11,000 L) of fuel weighing over 22,000 pounds (10,000 kg). </p><p>Plans originally called for 2,000 C-109s to support 10 groups of B-29s (approximately 400) in China, but the <a href="/wiki/Mariana_and_Palau_Islands_campaign" title="Mariana and Palau Islands campaign">capture of the Mariana Islands</a> provided a far more easily resupplied location for raids on mainland <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, and the plans were greatly scaled back. Only 218 C-109s were actually converted. After the transfer of the B-29s, the C-109s were reassigned to the <a href="/wiki/Air_Transport_Command_(United_States_Air_Force)" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Transport Command (United States Air Force)">Air Transport Command</a>. According to the history of the U.S. Army Air Forces in World War II, at least one squadron was assigned to the IX Troop Carrier Command in Europe to transport gasoline to advancing ground and air forces on the Continent after the Normandy invasion. </p><p>However, whereas a combat-loaded B-24 could safely take off with room to spare from a 6,000 ft (1,800 m) runway, a loaded C-109 required every foot of such a runway to break ground, and crashes on takeoff were not uncommon. The aircraft demonstrated unstable flight characteristics with all storage tanks filled, and proved very difficult to land fully loaded at airfields above 6,000 ft (1,800 m) MSL in elevation, such as those around <a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a>. After it was discovered that these problems could be alleviated by flying with the forward storage tank empty, this practice became fairly routine, enhancing aircrew safety at the cost of some fuel-carrying capacity.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many C-109s were lost in flying the Hump airlift to China. </p><p>The <i>Singing Cowboy</i> <a href="/wiki/Gene_Autry" title="Gene Autry">Gene Autry</a> served in the Air Transport Command (in the same squadron as <a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Barry Goldwater</a>), and described flying the C-109 over "The Hump" as "the thrill that lasts a lifetime".<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>B-24 bombers were also extensively used in the Pacific area after the end of World War II to transport cargo and supplies during the rebuilding of Japan, China, and the Philippines. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._Navy_and_U.S._Marine_Corps">U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="PB4Y-1">PB4Y-1</h4></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liberator_Consolidated_PB4Y-1_(16139580992).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Liberator_Consolidated_PB4Y-1_%2816139580992%29.jpg/250px-Liberator_Consolidated_PB4Y-1_%2816139580992%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Liberator_Consolidated_PB4Y-1_%2816139580992%29.jpg/375px-Liberator_Consolidated_PB4Y-1_%2816139580992%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Liberator_Consolidated_PB4Y-1_%2816139580992%29.jpg/500px-Liberator_Consolidated_PB4Y-1_%2816139580992%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="570" /></a><figcaption>PB4Y-1 Liberator</figcaption></figure> <p>B-24s were also used by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">U.S. Navy</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">U.S. Marine Corps</a> for <a href="/wiki/Anti-submarine_warfare" title="Anti-submarine warfare">ASW</a>, anti-ship patrol, and <a href="/wiki/Aerial_reconnaissance" title="Aerial reconnaissance">photographic reconnaissance</a> in the Pacific Theater, and by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">U.S. Coast Guard</a> for patrol and <a href="/wiki/Air-sea_rescue" title="Air-sea rescue">SAR</a>. Naval B-24s were redesignated <b>PB4Y-1</b>, meaning the fourth patrol bomber design built by Consolidated Aircraft. Navy PB4Y-1s assigned to Atlantic ASW and all Coast Guard PB4Y-1s had the ventral turret replaced by a retractable radome. Also, most naval aircraft had an Erco ball turret installed in the nose position, replacing the glass nose and other styles of turret. </p><p>The Consolidated Aircraft Company PB4Y-2 Privateer was a U.S. Navy <a href="/wiki/Maritime_patrol_aircraft" title="Maritime patrol aircraft">patrol bomber</a> that was derived directly from the B-24 Liberator. The U.S. Navy had been using B-24s with only minor modifications as the PB4Y-1 Liberator, and along with maritime patrol B-24s used by RAF Coastal Command this type of patrol plane had been quite successful. A fully navalized design was seen as advantageous, and Consolidated Aircraft developed a purpose-built long-range patrol bomber in 1943, designated PB4Y-2. The Privateer had non-turbosupercharged engines for weight savings and optimal performance at low to medium patrol <a href="/wiki/Altitude" title="Altitude">altitudes</a>, and was visually distinguishable from the B-24 and PB4Y-1 by its longer fuselage, single tall vertical stabilizer (rather than a twin tail), two dorsal turrets, and teardrop-shaped waist gun blisters (similar in appearance to those on Consolidated's own PBY Catalina). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:21_Squadron_RAAF_Liberator_aircrew_Fenton_NT_Mar_1945_AWM_NWA0732.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/21_Squadron_RAAF_Liberator_aircrew_Fenton_NT_Mar_1945_AWM_NWA0732.jpg/220px-21_Squadron_RAAF_Liberator_aircrew_Fenton_NT_Mar_1945_AWM_NWA0732.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/21_Squadron_RAAF_Liberator_aircrew_Fenton_NT_Mar_1945_AWM_NWA0732.jpg/330px-21_Squadron_RAAF_Liberator_aircrew_Fenton_NT_Mar_1945_AWM_NWA0732.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/21_Squadron_RAAF_Liberator_aircrew_Fenton_NT_Mar_1945_AWM_NWA0732.jpg/440px-21_Squadron_RAAF_Liberator_aircrew_Fenton_NT_Mar_1945_AWM_NWA0732.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="463" /></a><figcaption>The crew of a <a href="/wiki/No._21_Squadron_RAAF" title="No. 21 Squadron RAAF">No. 21 Squadron RAAF</a> Liberator with their aircraft</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="RAAF">RAAF</h4></div> <p>Australian aircrew seconded to the Royal Air Force flew Liberators in all theatres of the war, including with RAF Coastal Command, in the Middle East, and with South East Asia Command, while some flew in <a href="/wiki/South_African_Air_Force" title="South African Air Force">South African Air Force</a> squadrons. Liberators were introduced into service in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="Royal Australian Air Force">Royal Australian Air Force</a> (RAAF) in 1944, after the American commander of the Far East Air Forces (FEAF), General <a href="/wiki/George_C._Kenney" class="mw-redirect" title="George C. Kenney">George C. Kenney</a>, suggested that seven heavy bomber squadrons be raised to supplement the efforts of American Liberator squadrons. The USAAF transferred some aircraft to the RAAF, while the remainder would be delivered from the US under <a href="/wiki/Lend-Lease" title="Lend-Lease">Lend-Lease</a>. Some RAAF aircrew were given operational experience in Liberators while attached to USAAF squadrons. Seven flying squadrons, an <a href="/wiki/Operational_training_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Operational training unit">operational training unit</a>, and two special duties flights were equipped with the aircraft by the end of World War II in August 1945. </p><p>The RAAF Liberators saw service in the <a href="/wiki/South_West_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South West Pacific theatre of World War II">South West Pacific theatre of World War II</a>. Flying mainly from bases in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a>, aircraft conducted bombing raids against Japanese positions, ships and strategic targets in <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Netherlands East Indies</a>. In addition, the small number of Liberators operated by <a href="/wiki/No._200_Flight_RAAF" title="No. 200 Flight RAAF">No. 200 Flight</a> played an important role in supporting covert operations conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Allied_Intelligence_Bureau" title="Allied Intelligence Bureau">Allied Intelligence Bureau</a>; and other Liberators were converted to VIP transports. A total of 287 B-24D, B-24J, B-24L and B-24M aircraft were supplied to the RAAF, of which 33 were lost in action or accidents, with more than 200 Australians killed. Following the Japanese surrender, the RAAF's Liberators participated in flying former <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">prisoners of war</a> and other personnel back to Australia. Liberators remained in service until 1948, when they were replaced by <a href="/wiki/Avro_Lincoln" title="Avro Lincoln">Avro Lincolns</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Qantas">Qantas</h4></div> <p>In June 1944, <a href="/wiki/Qantas" title="Qantas">Qantas Empire Airways</a> began service with the first of two converted LB-30 Liberators on the <a href="/wiki/Perth,_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Perth, Western Australia">Perth</a> to <a href="/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo">Colombo</a> route to augment PBY Catalinas that had been used since May 1943. <a href="/wiki/The_Double_Sunrise" title="The Double Sunrise">The Double Sunrise</a> route across the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a> was 3,513 mi (5,654 km) long, the longest non-stop airline route in the world at the time. The Liberators flew a shorter 3,077 mi (4,952 km) over-water route from <a href="/wiki/RAAF_Learmonth" class="mw-redirect" title="RAAF Learmonth">Learmonth</a> to an airfield northeast of Colombo, but they could make the flight in 17 hours with a 5,500 pounds (2,500 kg) payload, whereas the Catalinas required 27 hours and had to carry so much auxiliary fuel that their payload was limited to only 1,000 pounds (450 kg). The route was named <i><a href="/wiki/Kangaroo" title="Kangaroo">Kangaroo</a> Service</i> and marked the first time that Qantas's now-famous Kangaroo logo was used; passengers received a certificate proclaiming them as members of <i>The Order of the Longest Hop</i>. The Liberators were later replaced by <a href="/wiki/Avro_Lancastrian" title="Avro Lancastrian">Avro Lancastrians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SAAF">SAAF</h3></div> <p>Two squadrons of the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Air_Force" title="South African Air Force">South African Air Force</a> (SAAF) also flew B-24s: <a href="/wiki/31_Squadron_SAAF" title="31 Squadron SAAF">31</a> and <a href="/wiki/34_Squadron_SAAF" title="34 Squadron SAAF">34</a> Squadrons under No 2 Wing SAAF based at <a href="/wiki/Foggia" title="Foggia">Foggia</a>, Italy. These two squadrons engaged in relief flights to <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> and <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a> in Poland to support the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Polish Uprising against Nazi Occupation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Luftwaffe_use">Luftwaffe use</h3></div> <p>Three B-24s were captured and then operated by the German secret operations unit <a href="/wiki/Kampfgeschwader_200" title="Kampfgeschwader 200">KG 200</a>, which also tested, evaluated and sometimes clandestinely operated captured enemy aircraft during World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of these was captured at Venegono, Italy, on 29 March 1944. It was used on penetration missions in RAF bomber streams at night in Luftwaffe markings. On a ferry flight from Hildesheim to Bavaria on 6 April 1945, it was shot down – by German anti-aircraft fire. </p><p>Crashed B-24s were the source of the landing gear units for the strictly experimental <a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_287" title="Junkers Ju 287">Junkers Ju 287</a> V1 first prototype jet bomber airframe in 1945. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romanian_use">Romanian use</h3></div> <p>Following Operation Tidal Wave, it was decided to attempt the salvage of a B-24 bomber and use it for fighter pilot training. Three B-24s were recovered: <i>Boiler Maker II</i>, <i>Honkey Tonk Gal</i>, and <i>Brewery Wagon</i>. Of these, <i>Boiler Maker II</i> was repaired in the field using parts from the other two. Initially, the glazed nose of the bomber was replaced with sheet metal. The airplane was then flown to <a href="/wiki/Bra%C8%99ov" title="Brașov">Brașov</a> where it was painted in <a href="/wiki/Royal_Romanian_Air_Force" title="Royal Romanian Air Force">Romanian Air Force</a> camouflage and markings at the <a href="/wiki/Industria_Aeronautic%C4%83_Rom%C3%A2n%C4%83" title="Industria Aeronautică Română">IAR</a> factory.<sup id="cite_ref-Ro_B-24_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ro_B-24-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The aircraft was handed over for operations to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=LARES_(airline)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LARES (airline) (page does not exist)">LARES</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/LARES" class="extiw" title="ro:LARES">ro</a>]</span> airline. It was destroyed on the ground during a German raid on 26 August 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-Ro_B-24_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ro_B-24-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another proposal was to recover engines of other crashed B-24s and mount them on the <a href="/wiki/IAR_80" title="IAR 80">IAR 80</a> fighters. However, the IAR engineers determined that the R-1830 engine did not offer any significant advantage over the <a href="/wiki/IAR_K14" title="IAR K14">IAR K14</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ro_B-24_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ro_B-24-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soviet_use">Soviet use</h3></div> <p>Only one B-24 was officially delivered to the <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a> according to the <a href="/wiki/Lend-Lease" title="Lend-Lease">Lend-Lease</a> agreements, stranded in <a href="/wiki/Yakutsk" title="Yakutsk">Yakutsk</a> while flying a government mission to the Soviet Union in November 1942. In addition, 73 Liberators of various models that had force-landed on European airfields were recovered and 30 of them were repaired and used by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=45th_Bomber_Aviation_Division&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="45th Bomber Aviation Division (page does not exist)">45th Bomber Aviation Division</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gordon_p._479_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordon_p._479-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The regiment concerned appears to have been the 890th Bomber Aviation Regiment at Baranovichi until 1944, and then <a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chinese_use">Chinese use</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:375th_Bombardment_Squadron_-_B-24_Liberator.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/375th_Bombardment_Squadron_-_B-24_Liberator.jpg/220px-375th_Bombardment_Squadron_-_B-24_Liberator.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/375th_Bombardment_Squadron_-_B-24_Liberator.jpg/330px-375th_Bombardment_Squadron_-_B-24_Liberator.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/375th_Bombardment_Squadron_-_B-24_Liberator.jpg/440px-375th_Bombardment_Squadron_-_B-24_Liberator.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1427" /></a><figcaption>B-24 Bomber flying over China during WW2</figcaption></figure> <p>The B-24 bombers of the <a href="/wiki/308th_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="308th Bombardment Group">308th Bombardment Group</a> (Heavy) joined the battlefield in March 1944 as the heavy bombers of the <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Air_Force" title="Fourteenth Air Force">Fourteenth Air Force</a> to fight against the Japanese during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a> (WW2 in China). About 48 B-24Ms were provided by the U.S. to the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Nationalist_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Nationalist Air Force">Chinese Nationalist Air Force</a> after WW2 and were used during the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a>. The <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Air_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Air Force">PLAAF</a> had two B-24Ms captured from the Chinese Nationalists during the Chinese Civil War and operated until 1952. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 200px; clear: left; float:left;margin:0 1.5em 1.5em 0;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External image</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/embed/iKlt6rNciTo?rel=0">Watch video of B-24 production and testing </a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Approximately 18,500 B-24s were produced across a number of versions, including over 4,600 manufactured by <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a>. It holds records as the world's most-produced bomber, heavy bomber, multi-engine aircraft, and American military aircraft in history.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Production took place at five plants. At Ford's <a href="/wiki/Ypsilanti,_Michigan" title="Ypsilanti, Michigan">Ypsilanti, Michigan</a> based <a href="/wiki/Willow_Run" title="Willow Run">Willow Run</a> Bomber plant alone, one B-24 was being produced every 59 minutes at its peak, a rate so large that production exceeded the military's ability to use the aircraft. Such were the production numbers it has been said that more aluminum, aircrew, and effort went into the B-24 than any other aircraft in history.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Looking_up_one_of_the_assembly_lines_at_Ford%27s_big_Willow_Run_plant,_where_B-24E_(Liberator)_bombers_are_being_made..._-_NARA_-_196389.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Looking_up_one_of_the_assembly_lines_at_Ford%27s_big_Willow_Run_plant%2C_where_B-24E_%28Liberator%29_bombers_are_being_made..._-_NARA_-_196389.jpg/220px-Looking_up_one_of_the_assembly_lines_at_Ford%27s_big_Willow_Run_plant%2C_where_B-24E_%28Liberator%29_bombers_are_being_made..._-_NARA_-_196389.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Looking_up_one_of_the_assembly_lines_at_Ford%27s_big_Willow_Run_plant%2C_where_B-24E_%28Liberator%29_bombers_are_being_made..._-_NARA_-_196389.jpg/330px-Looking_up_one_of_the_assembly_lines_at_Ford%27s_big_Willow_Run_plant%2C_where_B-24E_%28Liberator%29_bombers_are_being_made..._-_NARA_-_196389.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Looking_up_one_of_the_assembly_lines_at_Ford%27s_big_Willow_Run_plant%2C_where_B-24E_%28Liberator%29_bombers_are_being_made..._-_NARA_-_196389.jpg/440px-Looking_up_one_of_the_assembly_lines_at_Ford%27s_big_Willow_Run_plant%2C_where_B-24E_%28Liberator%29_bombers_are_being_made..._-_NARA_-_196389.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2420" /></a><figcaption>Looking up one of the assembly lines at Ford's big Willow Run plant, where B-24E (Liberator) bombers are being made</figcaption></figure> <p>Continued development work by Consolidated produced a handful of transitional B-24Cs with turbocharged instead of supercharged engines. The turbocharged engines were the reason for the flattened oval shape of the nacelles that distinguished all subsequent Liberator models. </p><p>The B-24D was the first mass-produced series. The B-24D was the Liberator III in British service. It entered US service in early 1942. It had turbocharged engines and increased fuel capacity. Three more 0.50 caliber (12.7 mm) machine guns brought the defensive armament up to 10 machine guns. At 59,524 pounds (27,000 kg)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (April 2018)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Consolidated_B-24_Liberator#Dubious" title="Talk:Consolidated B-24 Liberator">discuss</a></i>]</sup> (29.76 short tons) maximum takeoff weight, it was one of the heaviest aircraft in the world; comparable with the British "heavies", with fully loaded weights of 30 short tons for (and nearly identical to) the <a href="/wiki/Short_Stirling#Specifications_(Short_Stirling_I)" title="Short Stirling">Stirling</a>, the 34 short ton <a href="/wiki/Avro_Lancaster#Specifications_(Lancaster_I)" title="Avro Lancaster">Lancaster</a> and the 27 short ton <a href="/wiki/Handley_Page_Halifax#Specifications_(Mk_III)" title="Handley Page Halifax">Halifax</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Consolidated_B-24J_Liberators_under_construction_at_the_Consolidated-Vultee_plant_in_San_Diego,_CA,_1944.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Consolidated_B-24J_Liberators_under_construction_at_the_Consolidated-Vultee_plant_in_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_1944.jpg/220px-Consolidated_B-24J_Liberators_under_construction_at_the_Consolidated-Vultee_plant_in_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_1944.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Consolidated_B-24J_Liberators_under_construction_at_the_Consolidated-Vultee_plant_in_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_1944.jpg/330px-Consolidated_B-24J_Liberators_under_construction_at_the_Consolidated-Vultee_plant_in_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_1944.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Consolidated_B-24J_Liberators_under_construction_at_the_Consolidated-Vultee_plant_in_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_1944.jpg/440px-Consolidated_B-24J_Liberators_under_construction_at_the_Consolidated-Vultee_plant_in_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_1944.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4712" data-file-height="3724" /></a><figcaption>B-24s under construction at Ford Motor's <a href="/wiki/Willow_Run" title="Willow Run">Willow Run</a> plant</figcaption></figure> <p>Production of B-24s increased at an astonishing rate throughout 1942 and 1943. Consolidated Aircraft tripled the size of its plant in <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a> and built a large new plant outside <a href="/wiki/Carswell_Air_Force_Base" title="Carswell Air Force Base">Fort Worth, Texas</a> in order to receive the massive amounts of knock-down kits that the Ford Motor Company shipped via truck from its Ypsilanti Michigan Facility.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> A new government plant was built in <a href="/wiki/Tulsa,_Oklahoma" title="Tulsa, Oklahoma">Tulsa, Oklahoma</a> with <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Finance_Corporation" title="Reconstruction Finance Corporation">Reconstruction Finance Corporation</a> funds and leased to <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Aircraft_Company" title="Douglas Aircraft Company">Douglas Aircraft</a> for assembly of B-24s from Ford parts;<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Douglas ultimately built a total of 962 of the D, E, H, and J models there.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bell_Aircraft" title="Bell Aircraft">Bell Aircraft</a> built the B-24 under license at a factory near <a href="/wiki/Marietta,_Georgia" title="Marietta, Georgia">Marietta, Georgia</a>, just northwest of <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>. Online by mid-1943, the new plant produced hundreds of B-24 Liberator bombers.<sup id="cite_ref-weaponsacquisitionprocess_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weaponsacquisitionprocess-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The aircraft was also built at <a href="/wiki/North_American_Aviation" title="North American Aviation">North American</a> plant B in the city of <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prairie,_Texas" title="Grand Prairie, Texas">Grand Prairie, Texas</a> having only starting production of the B-24G in 1943.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> None of these were minor operations, but they were dwarfed by Ford's vast new purpose-built factory constructed at Willow Run near <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>, Michigan. </p><p>According to the Willow Run Reference Book published 1 February 1945, Ford broke ground on Willow Run on 18 April 1941, with the first plane coming off the line on 10 September 1942. Willow Run had the largest assembly line in the world (3,500,000 sq ft; 330,000 m<sup>2</sup>). At its peak in 1944, the Willow Run plant produced one B-24 per hour and 650 B-24s per month.<sup id="cite_ref-Willowrun_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Willowrun-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In mid-1944, the production of the B-24 was consolidated from several different companies (including some in Texas) to two large factories: the Consolidated Aircraft Company in <a href="/wiki/San_Diego,_CA" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego, CA">San Diego</a> and the Ford Motor Company's factory in Willow Run, near Detroit, Michigan, which had been specially designed to produce B-24s.<sup id="cite_ref-weaponsacquisitionprocess_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weaponsacquisitionprocess-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1945, Ford made 70% of all B-24s in two nine-hour shifts. Pilots and crews slept on 1,300 cots at Willow Run waiting for their B-24s to roll off the assembly line. At Willow Run, Ford produced half of 18,000 total B-24s alone.<sup id="cite_ref-Willowrun_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Willowrun-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Up into December 1944, Ford had also produced an additional 7242 KD or 'Knock Down' Kits that would be trucked to and assembled by Consolidated in Ft. Worth and Douglas Aircraft in Tulsa. Each of the B-24 factories was identified with a production code suffix: Consolidated/San Diego, CO; Consolidated/Fort Worth, CF; Ford/Willow Run, FO; North American, NT; and Douglas/Tulsa, DT. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B-24_300-239.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/B-24_300-239.jpg/220px-B-24_300-239.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/B-24_300-239.jpg/330px-B-24_300-239.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/B-24_300-239.jpg/440px-B-24_300-239.jpg 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Women_Airforce_Service_Pilots" title="Women Airforce Service Pilots">WASP</a> pilots (left to right) Eloise Huffines Bailey, Millie Davidson Dalrymple, Elizabeth McKethan Magid and Clara Jo Marsh Stember, with a B-24 in the background</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1943, the model of Liberator considered by many the "definitive" version was introduced. The B-24H was 10 inches (25 cm) longer, had a powered gun turret in the upper nose to reduce vulnerability to head-on attack, and was fitted with an improved bomb sight (behind a simpler, three-panel glazed lower nose), autopilot, and fuel transfer system. Consolidated, Douglas and Ford all manufactured the B-24H, while North American made the slightly different B-24G. All five plants switched over to the almost identical B-24J in August 1943. The later B-24L and B-24M were lighter-weight versions and differed mainly in defensive armament.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As the war progressed, the complexity of servicing the Liberator continued to increase. The B-24 variants made by each company differed slightly, so repair depots had to stock many different parts to support various models. Fortunately, this problem was eased in the summer of 1944, when North American, Douglas and Consolidated Aircraft at Fort Worth stopped making B-24s, leaving only the Consolidated plant in San Diego and the Ford plant in Willow Run.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In all, 18,482 B-24s were built by September 1945. Twelve thousand saw service with the USAAF, with a peak inventory in September 1944 of 6,043. The U.S. Navy received 977 PB4Y-1s (Liberators originally ordered by the USAAF) and 739 <a href="/wiki/PB4Y_Privateer" class="mw-redirect" title="PB4Y Privateer">PB4Y-2 Privateers</a>, derived from the B-24. The Royal Air Force received about 2,100 B-24s equipping 46 bomber groups and 41 squadrons; the Royal Canadian Air Force 1,200 B-24Js; and the Royal Australian Air Force 287 B-24Js, B-24Ls, and B-24Ms. Liberators were the only heavy bomber flown by the RAAF in the Pacific.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._Army_Air_Forces_variants">U.S. Army Air Forces variants</h3></div> <dl><dt>XB-24</dt> <dd>Single prototype ordered by Army Air Corps on 30 March 1939. Powered by four <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-1830" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratt & Whitney R-1830">Pratt & Whitney R-1830</a>-33 Twin Wasps rated at 1,200 horsepower (890 kW) for takeoff and 1,000 horsepower (750 kW) at 14,500 feet (4,400 m). Bombload of eight 1,000 lb (450 kg) bombs, with defensive armament of three 0.5 in (12.7 mm) and four 0.30 in (7.62 mm) machine guns. First flew 29 December 1939. Later converted to XB-24B.<sup id="cite_ref-Wegg_p82-3_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wegg_p82-3-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-iaprv4_p129_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iaprv4_p129-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt>YB-24/LB-30A</dt> <dd>Pre-production prototypes, six of which were sold to the UK directly as the LB-30A. US funds and serial numbers were deferred to the B-24D production. The seventh (40-702) remained in U.S. service as the sole YB-24 for service test. (Total: 7)</dd></dl> <dl><dt>B-24</dt> <dd>Ordered on 27 April 1939, less than 30 days after the XB-24 was ordered and before its completion. Minor modifications included eliminating leading-edge slots and adding de-icing boots. (Total: 1, converted YB-24.)</dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DF-ST-88-06744-B-24-Gathering_of_Eagles_convention.JPEG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/DF-ST-88-06744-B-24-Gathering_of_Eagles_convention.JPEG/220px-DF-ST-88-06744-B-24-Gathering_of_Eagles_convention.JPEG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/DF-ST-88-06744-B-24-Gathering_of_Eagles_convention.JPEG/330px-DF-ST-88-06744-B-24-Gathering_of_Eagles_convention.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/DF-ST-88-06744-B-24-Gathering_of_Eagles_convention.JPEG/440px-DF-ST-88-06744-B-24-Gathering_of_Eagles_convention.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="2860" data-file-height="1900" /></a><figcaption>LB-30A <i>Diamond Lil</i> from the <a href="/wiki/Commemorative_Air_Force" title="Commemorative Air Force">Commemorative Air Force</a>. Airframe returned to B-24A configuration and renamed <i>Ol' 927</i>. She was renamed back to <i>Diamond Lil</i> in May 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>N 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>B-24A/LB-30B</dt> <dd>Ordered in 1939, the B-24A was the first production model. Due to the need for long-range aircraft, the B-24A was ordered before any version of the B-24 flew. Aerodynamics improvements over the XB-24 led to better performance. Nine built as transports, transferred to Ferrying Command; while twenty were sold to the UK (before Lend-Lease) as LB-30Bs. (Total: 20 LB-30B; 9 B-24A)</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Liberator B Mk II/LB-30</dt> <dd>The first combat-ready B-24. The modifications included a three-foot nose extension, a deeper rear fuselage, wider tailplane, self-sealing fuel tanks, and armor. Built to British specifications with British equipment so there was no B-24 equivalent but it was similar to the B-24C. Except for the first aircraft which was completed as a pattern aircraft, and subsequently lost in a test flight, the rest of the run was completed without armament, which the British would fit after being flown to the UK. With the US entry into the war in December 1941, some 75 were requisitioned by the USAAF during delivery and retained the LB-30 designation in service. These were delivered unarmed. Browning M2 .50 in (13 mm) guns were fitted throughout; single guns were mounted in the nose, both waist positions, and the ventral tunnel; and a twin manual mount in the tail replaced the British 4 .303 in (7.70 mm) Browning tail turret, and a Martin turret with two guns replaced the Boulton Paul dorsal turret. Fifteen were sent to the south west Pacific, including some to Java to assist the Dutch East Indies, while three went to Alaska, six to Midway Island immediately after the naval battle in June. Six were lost in various accidents. Twenty-three were later returned to the UK in 1943. Seventeen were fitted with ASV radar and used in the Panama Canal Zone. (Total production: 165)</dd></dl> <dl><dt>XB-24B</dt> <dd>A newly funded conversion of the XB-24 after it failed to reach its projected top speed. The 1,000 hp (750 kW) <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-1830" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratt & Whitney R-1830">Pratt & Whitney R-1830</a>-33 radials were replaced with R-1830-41 turbo-supercharged radials rated at 1,200 hp (890 kW), increasing its top speed by 37 mph (60 km/h). The engine cowlings were made elliptical to accommodate the turbo-superchargers. The XB-24B also lacked the original's engine slots. It was re-serialed. (Total: one converted XB-24) XB-24B 39-680 was converted into a luxury airliner for <a href="/wiki/Consairway" title="Consairway">Consairway</a> which included gutting the interior, cutting new windows, and dividing the interior into compartments with individual and bench seating and two-tier Pullman-style sleeping berths. Trim was added for sound-proofing, and a galley with refrigerator and hot plates.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt>B-24C</dt> <dd>New production funded from deferred funds after LB-30A to the UK. Used the engine package tested in the XB-24B and the new fuselage of the LB-30. The tail <a href="/wiki/Air_gunner" title="Air gunner">air gunner</a> position was improved by adding a hydraulically powered Consolidated A-6 turret with twin .50 in (12.7 mm) <a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">machine guns</a>; a <a href="/wiki/Glenn_L._Martin_Company" title="Glenn L. Martin Company">Martin</a> powered dorsal turret was added to the forward fuselage. One (#84) converted to prototype the "three in nose" armament for the B-24D. FY funds and serial numbers transferred from B-24A. (Total: nine)</dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Consolidated_B-24D_Liberators_of_the_93rd_Bomb_Group_flying_in_formation,_circa_in_1943_(6365079).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Consolidated_B-24D_Liberators_of_the_93rd_Bomb_Group_flying_in_formation%2C_circa_in_1943_%286365079%29.jpg/220px-Consolidated_B-24D_Liberators_of_the_93rd_Bomb_Group_flying_in_formation%2C_circa_in_1943_%286365079%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Consolidated_B-24D_Liberators_of_the_93rd_Bomb_Group_flying_in_formation%2C_circa_in_1943_%286365079%29.jpg/330px-Consolidated_B-24D_Liberators_of_the_93rd_Bomb_Group_flying_in_formation%2C_circa_in_1943_%286365079%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Consolidated_B-24D_Liberators_of_the_93rd_Bomb_Group_flying_in_formation%2C_circa_in_1943_%286365079%29.jpg/440px-Consolidated_B-24D_Liberators_of_the_93rd_Bomb_Group_flying_in_formation%2C_circa_in_1943_%286365079%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2725" data-file-height="1900" /></a><figcaption>B-24Ds of 93rd Bomb Group in formation. Nearest aircraft is <i>Joisey Bounce</i>, almost hidden is wingman <i>The Duchess</i>, next higher is <i>Boomerang</i> with wingman <i>Thunder Mug</i>.</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>B-24D</dt> <dd>First to see large scale production; ordered from 1940 to 1942, as a B-24C with more powerful R-1830-43 supercharged engines. The D model was initially equipped with a remotely operated and periscopically sighted <a href="/wiki/Bendix_Corporation" title="Bendix Corporation">Bendix</a> belly turret, as the first examples of the B-17E Flying Fortress and some early models of the <a href="/wiki/North_American_B-25_Mitchell" title="North American B-25 Mitchell">B-25 Mitchell</a> medium bomber had used, but this was unsatisfactory and was discontinued after the 287th aircraft. Later aircraft reverted to the earlier manually operated "tunnel" mounting with a single .50 in (12.7 mm) machine gun. The tunnel gun was eventually replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Sperry_Gyroscope_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Sperry Gyroscope Company">Sperry</a> ball turret, which had also been adopted by the later B-17E Fortresses, but made retractable for the Liberator as the fuselage was very close to the ground. Late B-24Ds had "cheek" guns mounted on either side of the nose, just behind the "greenhouse". (Total: 2,696: 2,381 <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Aircraft_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Consolidated Aircraft Corporation">Consolidated</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>; 305 Consolidated, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Worth">Fort Worth</a>; 10 <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Aircraft_Company" title="Douglas Aircraft Company">Douglas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tulsa,_Oklahoma" title="Tulsa, Oklahoma">Tulsa, Oklahoma</a>).</dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Consolidated_B-24E_(4641192942).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Consolidated_B-24E_%284641192942%29.jpg/220px-Consolidated_B-24E_%284641192942%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Consolidated_B-24E_%284641192942%29.jpg/330px-Consolidated_B-24E_%284641192942%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Consolidated_B-24E_%284641192942%29.jpg/440px-Consolidated_B-24E_%284641192942%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="542" /></a><figcaption>B-24E</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>B-24E</dt> <dd>A slight alteration of the B-24D built by <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a>, using R-1830-65 engines. The B-24E retained the belly tunnel gun. The USAAF used the B-24Es primarily as trainers as were the aircraft produced by Consolidated at San Diego (CO). Ford also built sub-assemblies for <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Aircraft_Company" title="Douglas Aircraft Company">Douglas</a> and Convair Fort Worth; these sub-assemblies were identical to Ford-built B-24Es, except that they used the same R-1830-43 radial engines as the B-24D. These sub-assemblies were called KD (knock down) kits and were trucked from Willow Run to the Southwest for the final assembly. (Total: 801)</dd></dl> <dl><dt>XB-24F</dt> <dd>A prototype made to test thermal de-icers to replace the standard inflatable rubber "boots". (Total: one converted B-24D)</dd></dl> <dl><dt>B-24G</dt> <dd>Designation for B-24D aircraft built by <a href="/wiki/North_American_Aviation" title="North American Aviation">North American Aviation</a> pursuant to a 1942 contract. Equipped with <a href="/wiki/Sperry_Gyroscope_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Sperry Gyroscope Company">Sperry</a> ball turret and three flexible .50 in (12.7 mm) <a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">machine guns</a> in nose. (Total: 25)</dd></dl> <dl><dt>B-24G-1</dt> <dd>as B-24G but with A-6 nose turret. Most were operated by the 15th Air Force in Italy. (Total: 405)</dd></dl> <dl><dt>B-24H</dt> <dd>Because of the vulnerability of the B-24 to head-on attack with the earlier "greenhouse" nose, the B-24H design incorporated an electrically powered Emerson A-15 nose turret above the bombardier's position, similar to where the <a href="/wiki/Nash_%26_Thompson" title="Nash & Thompson">Frazer-Nash</a> FN5 nose turret on the Avro Lancaster was placed. Approximately 50 other airframe changes were made, including a redesigned bombardier compartment. The tail turret was given larger windows for better visibility and the Martin A-3 dorsal turret received an enlarged "high hat" dome. The waist gunner positions were enclosed with <a href="/wiki/Plexiglass" class="mw-redirect" title="Plexiglass">Plexiglass</a> windows, and laterally offset to reduce interference between the waist gunners. Most H model aircraft were built by Ford at Willow Run. (Total: 3,100)</dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Consolidated_B-24J_Liberator_3-view_line_drawing.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Consolidated_B-24J_Liberator_3-view_line_drawing.png/220px-Consolidated_B-24J_Liberator_3-view_line_drawing.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Consolidated_B-24J_Liberator_3-view_line_drawing.png/330px-Consolidated_B-24J_Liberator_3-view_line_drawing.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Consolidated_B-24J_Liberator_3-view_line_drawing.png/440px-Consolidated_B-24J_Liberator_3-view_line_drawing.png 2x" data-file-width="2032" data-file-height="2442" /></a><figcaption>A 3-view line drawing of a B-24J</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>B-24J</dt> <dd>The B-24J was similar to the B-24H, but shortages of the Emerson nose turret required use of a modified, hydraulically powered Consolidated A-6 turret in most J model aircraft built at Consolidated's San Diego and Fort Worth factories. The B-24J featured an improved autopilot (type C-1) and a M-1 series bombsight. B-24H sub-assemblies made by Ford and constructed by other companies and any model with a C-1 or M-1 retrofit, were all designated B-24J. The J model was the only version to be built by all five factories involved in B-24 production. (Total: 6,678)</dd></dl> <dl><dt>XB-24K</dt> <dd>Developed from the B-24ST, with a single fin and rudder replacing the twin tail on the standard Liberator.<sup id="cite_ref-aerofilesConsolidated_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aerofilesConsolidated-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The improved performance and handling of the B-24ST and XB-24K led to the decision to incorporate a single tail in the PB4Y-2 and B-24N. (Total: one converted B-24D)</dd></dl> <dl><dt>B-24L</dt> <dd>Because of the excessive weight of the B-24J, the Army requested a lightened version. In the B-24L, the Sperry ball turret was replaced by a floor ring mount with two .50 in (12.7 mm) machine guns, and the A-6B tail turret by an M-6A. Later aircraft were delivered from the factory without tail guns. An A-6B or M-6A turret (190 total), a hand-held but hydraulically assisted twin .50 in (12.7 mm) mount (42) or a manually operated twin .50 in (12.7 mm) mounting was installed at a depot before delivery to operational units. The L model was built at Willow Run and Consolidated's San Diego factory. (Total: 1,667)</dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B-24M-20-CO_USAAF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/B-24M-20-CO_USAAF.jpg/220px-B-24M-20-CO_USAAF.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/B-24M-20-CO_USAAF.jpg/330px-B-24M-20-CO_USAAF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/B-24M-20-CO_USAAF.jpg/440px-B-24M-20-CO_USAAF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1143" /></a><figcaption>B-24M-20-CO <i>Bolivar Jr.</i> 431st Bomb Squadron, 11th Bomb Group</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>B-24M</dt> <dd>Improved B-24L with further weight-savings. The B-24M used a lighter version of the A-6B tail turret; the waist gunner positions were left open, and the retractable Sperry ventral ball turret was reintroduced. For better visibility from the flight deck, the windshield in Ford-built aircraft was replaced by a version with less framing from Block 20 onward. The B-24M became the last production model of the B-24 and many flew only from the factory to the scrap yard. (Total: 2,593)</dd></dl> <dl><dt>XB-24N</dt> <dd>A redesign of the B-24J, made to accommodate a single tail. It also featured an Emerson 128 ball turret in the nose and a stationary tail gunner's position. While 5,168 B-24Ns were ordered, the end of the war resulted in cancellation of all contracts before production could begin. Its single tail was said to be the inspiration for the PB4Y-2 Privateer's similar single fin/rudder tail design. (Total: one)</dd></dl> <dl><dt>YB-24N</dt> <dd>Pre-production service test version of the XB-24N. (Total: seven)</dd></dl> <dl><dt>XB-24P</dt> <dd>A modified B-24D, used by <a href="/wiki/Sperry_Gyroscope_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Sperry Gyroscope Company">Sperry Gyroscope Company</a> to test airborne fire control systems. (Total: one converted B-24D)</dd></dl> <dl><dt>XB-24Q</dt> <dd>A <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a> conversion of the B-24L. Used to test a radar-controlled tail turret intended for use in the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-47_Stratojet" title="Boeing B-47 Stratojet">Boeing B-47 Stratojet</a>. (Total: one converted B-24L)</dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_XB-41_Liberator" title="Consolidated XB-41 Liberator">XB-41</a></dt> <dd>With no fighters capable of escorting bombers on deep strike missions early in World War II, the Army authorized heavily armed bombers as "gunship" escorts, which resulted in both the B-17 derived <a href="/wiki/YB-40_Flying_Fortress" class="mw-redirect" title="YB-40 Flying Fortress">YB-40 Flying Fortress</a> gunship and its Liberator-derived XB-41 counterpart. The XB-41 had fourteen .50 in (12.7 mm) <a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">machine guns</a>, including a Bendix chin turret and a second <a href="/wiki/Glenn_L._Martin_Company" title="Glenn L. Martin Company">Martin</a> A-3 turret on the upper fuselage. One aircraft was completed in 1942. Performance was degraded drastically with the additional turrets and were unable to keep up with bomber formations, particularly when bombs had been dropped. Following testing in 1943 the project was canceled. (Total: one converted B-24D)</dd></dl> <dl><dt>B-24ST</dt> <dd>An experimental aircraft, The B-24ST (for <b>S</b>ingle <b>T</b>ail, an unofficial designation applied by Ford) was made by <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a> by fitting a single fin an rudder onto a B-24D airframe. The aircraft was more stable and had better handling than other models and was used as the basis of the XB-24K.<sup id="cite_ref-aerofilesConsolidated_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aerofilesConsolidated-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt>AT-22 or TB-24</dt> <dd>C-87 used for flight engineer training. <ul><li><b>RB-24L</b>: Developed for training B-29 gunners on an identical remote gun system installed on a B-24L.</li> <li><b>TB-24L</b>: As with the RB-24L, but with additional radar equipment.</li></ul></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Consolidated_XB-24J.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Consolidated_XB-24J.jpg/220px-Consolidated_XB-24J.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Consolidated_XB-24J.jpg/330px-Consolidated_XB-24J.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Consolidated_XB-24J.jpg/440px-Consolidated_XB-24J.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1196" /></a><figcaption>Experimental B-24J-15-CO with B-17G nose grafted on, with a chin turret, a modification not adopted for production</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_C-87_Liberator_Express" title="Consolidated C-87 Liberator Express">C-87 Liberator Express</a></dt> <dd>Transports with accommodation for 20 passengers. <ul><li><b>C-87A</b>: VIP transports with R-1830-45 instead of -43 engines and sleeping berths for 16 passengers.</li> <li><b>C-87B</b>: Projected armed transport with nose guns, dorsal turret, and ventral tunnel gun; not produced.</li> <li><b>C-87C</b>: U.S. Army Air Force/Air Force designation for the RY-3.</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt>XC-109/C-109</dt> <dd>Tankers used to ferry fuel from India to China to support early B-29 raids against Japan.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>XF-7</dt> <dd>Photographic reconnaissance variant developed from the B-24D.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>F-7</dt> <dd>Photographic reconnaissance variant developed from the B-24H; -FO block.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>F-7A</dt> <dd>Photographic reconnaissance variant developed from the B-24J; three cameras in the nose and three in the bomb bay.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>F-7B</dt> <dd>Photographic reconnaissance variant developed from the B-24J; six cameras in the bomb bay.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>BQ-8</dt> <dd>A number of worn-out B-24D and B-24Js were converted as radio-controlled flying bombs to attack German targets. <a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_Jr." title="Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.">Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.</a> was killed in a BQ-8 during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Aphrodite" title="Operation Aphrodite">Operation Anvil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._Navy_nomenclature_and_sub-variants">U.S. Navy nomenclature and sub-variants</h3></div> <dl><dt>PB4Y-1</dt> <dd>U.S. Navy designation applied to 976 navalized B-24D, J, L and M models built at Consolidated's San Diego factory, as well as one North American-built B-24G. Later aircraft were equipped with an <a href="/wiki/Engineering_and_Research_Corporation" title="Engineering and Research Corporation">ERCO</a> nose turret.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>PB4Y-1P</dt> <dd>Photographic reconnaissance variant developed from the PB4Y-1.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PB4Y-2_Privateer" title="Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer">PB4Y-2 Privateer</a></dt> <dd>A developed PB4Y with a large single fin, a lengthened fuselage and many other improvements and changes.</dd> <dt>P5Y</dt> <dd>Proposed twin-engined patrol version of PB4Y-1. Unbuilt.<sup id="cite_ref-Wegg_p90_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wegg_p90-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>RY-1</dt> <dd>U.S. Navy designation for the C-87A.</dd> <dt>RY-2</dt> <dd>U.S. Navy designation for the C-87.</dd> <dt>RY-3</dt> <dd>Transport variant of the PB4Y-2.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_R2Y" title="Consolidated R2Y">R2Y</a></dt> <dd><i>Liberator Liner</i> built using a new fuselage for the US Navy as an airliner with 48 seats</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_Commonwealth_nomenclature_and_sub-variants">British Commonwealth nomenclature and sub-variants</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liberator_B_Mk.I_in_RAF_service_23_03_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Liberator_B_Mk.I_in_RAF_service_23_03_05.jpg/220px-Liberator_B_Mk.I_in_RAF_service_23_03_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Liberator_B_Mk.I_in_RAF_service_23_03_05.jpg/330px-Liberator_B_Mk.I_in_RAF_service_23_03_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Liberator_B_Mk.I_in_RAF_service_23_03_05.jpg/440px-Liberator_B_Mk.I_in_RAF_service_23_03_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>Color photograph of an RAF B.Mk.II</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Liberator_I" title="Consolidated Liberator I">Liberator C Mk.I</a></dt> <dd>YB-24/LB-30A RAF direct purchase aircraft. (Total: 9) Unsuitable for combat, rebuilt as transports and used by <a href="/wiki/BOAC" class="mw-redirect" title="BOAC">BOAC</a> between the UK and Canada, including transferring aircrew ferrying Lend-Lease aircraft.</dd> <dt>Liberator B Mk.I</dt> <dd>B-24A/LB-30B, RAF direct purchase aircraft. (Total: 20) Unsuitable for combat, some rebuilt for other roles.</dd> <dt>Liberator GR Mk.I</dt> <dd>Mk.I rebuilt as General Reconnaissance for anti-submarine patrol. Fitted with belly pannier with an additional four fixed forward firing 20 mm (0.787 in) Hispano cannon and <a href="/wiki/ASV_radar" class="mw-redirect" title="ASV radar">ASV radar</a> which included two underwing <a href="/wiki/Yagi%E2%80%93Uda_antenna" title="Yagi–Uda antenna">Yagi–Uda antennas</a> and four large antenna "stickleback" masts above the rear fuselage.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Liberator B Mk.II</dt> <dd>LB-30. First combat-ready Liberator. Modifications included a three-foot nose extension as well as a deeper aft fuselage and wider tailplane and self-sealing fuel tanks and armor. Built to British specifications with British equipment and Boulton Paul turrets, so there was no B-24 equivalent but similar to the B-24C. The top turret was further back on the fuselage compared to any US variant, and in line with the trailing edge of the wing. Except for the first aircraft (completed as a pattern but lost in a test flight), the rest were completed without armament, which the British fitted in the UK. With the American entry into the war, the USAAF requisitioned about 75, which it operated under Consolidated's LB-30 designation, but 23 were returned in 1943. (Total production: 165)</dd> <dt>Liberator C Mk.II</dt> <dd>Mk.II transport. Some B Mk.IIs were rebuilt as transports, including one as the personal transport of British <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>, which was named '<a href="/wiki/Commando_(aircraft)" title="Commando (aircraft)">Commando</a>', which was later extensively rebuilt to C Mk.IX standard, with a single fin.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Liberator B Mk.III</dt> <dd>B-24D with one nose .303 in (7.70 mm) Browning machine gun, two in each waist position, and four in a <a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Aircraft" title="Boulton Paul Aircraft">Boulton Paul</a> tail turret similar to that used on the <a href="/wiki/Handley_Page_Halifax" title="Handley Page Halifax">Handley Page Halifax</a>. The Martin dorsal turret was retained. (Total: 156) <ul><li><b>Liberator B Mk IIIA</b>: Mk.III with American equipment and weapons.</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Liberator GR Mk.III</dt> <dd>Mk.III General Reconnaissance for <a href="/wiki/RAF_Coastal_Command" title="RAF Coastal Command">RAF Coastal Command</a> for anti-submarine role with <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Yagi%E2%80%93Uda_antenna" title="Yagi–Uda antenna">Yagi–Uda antenna</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Leigh_Light" title="Leigh Light">Leigh Light</a>. <ul><li><b>Liberator GR Mk IIIA</b>: GR.III with American equipment and weapons.</li></ul></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Aircraft_in_Royal_Air_Force_Service_1939-1945-_Consolidated_Model_32_Liberator._CH18035.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/American_Aircraft_in_Royal_Air_Force_Service_1939-1945-_Consolidated_Model_32_Liberator._CH18035.jpg/220px-American_Aircraft_in_Royal_Air_Force_Service_1939-1945-_Consolidated_Model_32_Liberator._CH18035.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/American_Aircraft_in_Royal_Air_Force_Service_1939-1945-_Consolidated_Model_32_Liberator._CH18035.jpg/330px-American_Aircraft_in_Royal_Air_Force_Service_1939-1945-_Consolidated_Model_32_Liberator._CH18035.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/American_Aircraft_in_Royal_Air_Force_Service_1939-1945-_Consolidated_Model_32_Liberator._CH18035.jpg/440px-American_Aircraft_in_Royal_Air_Force_Service_1939-1945-_Consolidated_Model_32_Liberator._CH18035.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3101" data-file-height="2480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/RAF_Coastal_Command" title="RAF Coastal Command">RAF Coastal Command</a> <a href="/wiki/AI_Mk._IV_radar#ASV_emerges" class="mw-redirect" title="AI Mk. IV radar">ASV Mk.II</a>-equipped Liberator GR.III of <a href="/wiki/No._120_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 120 Squadron RAF">No. 120 Squadron RAF</a></figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>Liberator B Mk.IV</dt> <dd>Unused designation reserved for B-24E.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Liberator B Mk.V</dt> <dd>B-24D bomber with more fuel but less armor, armed as per Mk.III.</dd> <dt>Liberator GR Mk.V</dt> <dd>General Reconnaissance Mk.V for <a href="/wiki/RAF_Coastal_Command" title="RAF Coastal Command">RAF Coastal Command</a> for anti-submarine role with <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a> (some mounted under the nose) and <a href="/wiki/Leigh_Light" title="Leigh Light">Leigh Light</a>. Some fitted with eight zero-length rocket launchers, four on each wing, with others being fitted with stub-wings either side of the lower forward fuselage to hold eight <a href="/wiki/RP-3" title="RP-3">RP-3</a> rails.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Liberator B Mk.VI</dt> <dd>B-24H bomber with nose turret, and Boulton Paul tail turret and retaining the rest of their armament.</dd> <dt>Liberator GR Mk.VI</dt> <dd>B-24G/H/J RAF Coastal Command anti-submarine patrol. Some had top turret removed in service, and early examples had Yagi–Uda antenna on older greenhouse nose.</dd> <dt>Liberator C Mk.VI/C Mk.VIT</dt> <dd>Mk.VI converted as a cargo aircraft.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Liberator C Mk.VII</dt> <dd>RAF C-87 transport.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Liberator B Mk.VIII</dt> <dd>RAF B-24J bomber.</dd> <dt>Liberator GR Mk.VIII</dt> <dd>Mk.VIII for RAF Coastal Command anti-submarine patrol. Some had top turret removed in service, and belly turret replaced with semi-recessed radar dome.</dd> <dt>Liberator C Mk.VIII</dt> <dd>Mk.VIII converted as a cargo aircraft.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Liberator C Mk.IX</dt> <dd>RAF RY-3/C-87C transport with a single fin replacing the twin fins on most Liberator versions.</dd></dl> <p>Late in the war RAF Liberator aircraft modified in England for use in South East Asia had the suffix "Snake" stenciled below the serial number to give them priority delivery through the Mediterranean and the Middle East.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operators">Operators</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Consolidated_B-24_Liberator_operators" title="List of Consolidated B-24 Liberator operators">List of Consolidated B-24 Liberator operators</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" 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Africa</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accidents_and_incidents">Accidents and incidents</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Accidents_and_incidents_involving_the_Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Accidents and incidents involving the Consolidated B-24 Liberator">Accidents and incidents involving the Consolidated B-24 Liberator</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Surviving_aircraft">Surviving aircraft</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_surviving_Consolidated_B-24_Liberators" title="List of surviving Consolidated B-24 Liberators">List of surviving Consolidated B-24 Liberators</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifications_(B-24J)"><span id="Specifications_.28B-24J.29"></span>Specifications (B-24J)</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Consolidated_B-24_Liberator_3-view.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="3-view line drawing of the Consolidated B-24 Liberator"><img alt="3-view line drawing of the Consolidated B-24 Liberator" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator_3-view.svg/220px-Consolidated_B-24_Liberator_3-view.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator_3-view.svg/330px-Consolidated_B-24_Liberator_3-view.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator_3-view.svg/440px-Consolidated_B-24_Liberator_3-view.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1067" data-file-height="1282" /></a><figcaption>3-view line drawing of the Consolidated B-24 Liberator</figcaption></figure> <p style="font-size: 90%; margin:0;"><i>Data from</i> Quest for Performance,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jane's Fighting aircraft of World War II,<sup id="cite_ref-FAoWWII_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAoWWII-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> General Dynamics aircraft and their predecessors<sup id="cite_ref-Wegg_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wegg-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>General characteristics</b></span> </p><ul><li><b>Crew:</b> 11 (pilot, co-pilot, navigator, bombardier, radio operator, nose turret, top turret, 2 waist gunners, ball turret, tail gunner)</li> <li><b>Length:</b> 67 ft 2 in (20.47 m)</li> <li><b>Wingspan:</b> 110 ft (34 m)</li> <li><b>Height:</b> 17 ft 7.5 in (5.372 m)</li> <li><b>Wing area:</b> 1,048 sq ft (97.4 m<sup>2</sup>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Aspect_ratio_(aeronautics)" title="Aspect ratio (aeronautics)">Aspect ratio</a>:</b> 11.55</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Airfoil" title="Airfoil">Airfoil</a>:</b> <b>root:</b> Davis (22%); <b>tip:</b> Davis (9.3%)<sup id="cite_ref-Selig_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Selig-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Empty weight:</b> 36,500 lb (16,556 kg)</li> <li><b>Gross weight:</b> 55,000 lb (24,948 kg)</li> <li><b>Max takeoff weight:</b> 65,000 lb (29,484 kg) plus</li> <li><b>Fuel capacity:</b> 2,344 US gal (1,952 imp gal; 8,870 L) normal capacity; 3,614 US gal (3,009 imp gal; 13,680 L) with long-range tanks in the bomb bay; Oil capacity 131.6 US gal (109.6 imp gal; 498 L) in four self-sealing nacelle hopper tanks</li> <li><b>Powerplant:</b> 4 × <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-1830-35_Twin_Wasp" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratt & Whitney R-1830-35 Twin Wasp">Pratt & Whitney R-1830-35 Twin Wasp</a>, R-1830-41 or R-1830-65 14-cylinder two-row air-cooled turbo-supercharged <a href="/wiki/Radial_engine" title="Radial engine">radial</a> piston engines, 1,200 hp (890 kW) each</li> <li><b>Propellers:</b> 3-bladed Hamilton Standard, 11 ft 7 in (3.53 m) diameter constant-speed fully-feathering propellers</li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Performance</b></span> </p> <ul><li><b>Maximum speed:</b> 297 mph (478 km/h, 258 kn) at 25,000 ft (7,600 m)</li> <li><b>Cruise speed:</b> 215 mph (346 km/h, 187 kn)</li> <li><b>Stall speed:</b> 95 mph (153 km/h, 83 kn)</li> <li><b>Range:</b> 1,540 mi (2,480 km, 1,340 nmi) at 237 mph (206 kn; 381 km/h) and 25,000 ft (7,600 m) with normal fuel and maximum internal bomb load</li> <li><b>Ferry range:</b> 3,700 mi (6,000 km, 3,200 nmi)</li> <li><b>Service ceiling:</b> 28,000 ft (8,500 m)</li> <li><b>Rate of climb:</b> 1,025 ft/min (5.21 m/s)</li> <li><b>Time to altitude:</b> 20,000 ft (6,100 m) in 25 minutes</li> <li><b>Lift-to-drag:</b> 12.9</li> <li><b>Wing loading:</b> 52.5 lb/sq ft (256 kg/m<sup>2</sup>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Power-to-weight_ratio" title="Power-to-weight ratio">Power/mass</a>:</b> 0.0873 hp/lb (0.1435 kW/kg)</li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Armament</b></span><br /> </p> <ul><li><b>Guns:</b> 10 × .50 caliber (12.7 mm) <a href="/wiki/M2_Browning_machine_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="M2 Browning machine gun">M2 Browning machine guns</a> in 4 turrets and two waist positions</li> <li><b>Bombs:</b> <br /> <ul><li>Short range (400 mi [640 km]): 8,000 pounds (3,600 kg)</li> <li>Long range (800 mi [1,300 km]): 5,000 pounds (2,300 kg)</li> <li>Very long range (1,200 mi [1,900 km]): 2,700 pounds (1,200 kg)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_B-24_crewmen">Notable B-24 crewmen</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Special:EditPage/Consolidated B-24 Liberator">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Altman" title="Robert Altman">Robert Altman</a>, film director, was a B-24 co-pilot, flying over 50 bombing missions in Borneo and the Dutch East Indies.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Charles_Anderson" title="William Charles Anderson">William Charles Anderson</a>, author of <i>BAT-21</i> and <i>Bomber Crew 369</i>, piloted Liberators based in Italy as a member of the 451st Bomb Group of the 15th AF.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Bednarik" title="Chuck Bednarik">Chuck Bednarik</a>, NFL Hall of Fame member, former Philadelphia Eagle and the last full-time two-way player, served as a B-24 waist-gunner with the Eighth Air Force 467th Bomb Group. Bednarik participated in 30 combat missions over Germany as a S/Sgt and eventually attained the rank of First Lieutenant. Bednarik was awarded the Air Medal and four Oak Leaf Clusters, the European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal and four Battle Stars.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Clement" title="Hal Clement">Hal Clement</a>, science fiction author, was a pilot and copilot on B-24s and flew 35 combat missions over <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> with the 68th Bomb Squadron, <a href="/wiki/44th_Operations_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="44th Operations Group">44th Bomb Group</a>, based in England with <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Air_Force" title="Eighth Air Force">Eighth Air Force</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_K._Gann" title="Ernest K. Gann">Ernest K. Gann</a>, early airline pilot and author, flew C-87 Cargo Express aircraft in Southern Asia and China, including flying cargo over "The Hump". He detailed his flying experiences in <i><a href="/wiki/Fate_is_the_Hunter" class="mw-redirect" title="Fate is the Hunter">Fate is the Hunter</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Herbert" title="Don Herbert">Don Herbert</a>, television pioneer "Mr. Wizard", flew 56 missions as a Liberator pilot over northern Italy, Germany, and Yugoslavia, winning the <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_States)" title="Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)">Distinguished Flying Cross</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_Jr." title="Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.">Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.</a>, elder brother of U.S. President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>, was killed in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Aphrodite" title="Operation Aphrodite">Operation Anvil</a> when his PB4Y-1 Liberator, modified to be a remote-controlled bomb, exploded in flight.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Kuroki" title="Ben Kuroki">Ben Kuroki</a>, top turret gunner, was the only <a href="/wiki/Japanese-American" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese-American">Japanese-American</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">United States Army Air Forces</a> to serve in combat operations in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_theater_of_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific theater of World War II">Pacific theater of World War II</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Matthau" title="Walter Matthau">Walter Matthau</a>, actor, was a radioman and nose gunner in the 453rd Bomb Group<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">George McGovern</a>, U.S. Senator and 1972 presidential candidate, served as a B-24 pilot on his plane, <i>Dakota Queen,</i> in missions over Germany from Cerignola, Italy, as a member of the 455th Bomb Group of the <a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Air_Force" title="Fifteenth Air Force">Fifteenth Air Force</a>. His wartime exploits and some of the characteristics of the B-24 are the focus of <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Ambrose" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen Ambrose">Stephen Ambrose</a>'s book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wild_Blue" title="The Wild Blue">The Wild Blue</a></i>.</li> <li>Actor <a href="/wiki/James_Stewart" title="James Stewart">Jimmy Stewart</a> flew B-24s as commanding officer of the 703rd Bomber Squadron, 445th Bombardment Group, out of <a href="/wiki/RAF_Tibenham" title="RAF Tibenham">RAF Tibenham</a>, UK. (He was later promoted to operations officer of the 453rd BG.) From 1943 to 1944, Stewart was credited with 20 combat missions as a pilot, including one over Berlin. Stewart flew several (possibly as many as 20) additional uncredited missions, filling in for pilots as duties and space would allow. Stewart's leadership qualities were highly regarded; the men who served under him praised his coolness under fire. He entered service as a private in early 1941 and rose to the rank of colonel by 1945.</li> <li>Flying Officer <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Trigg" title="Lloyd Trigg">Lloyd Trigg</a> VC (1914-1943), New Zealand pilot in the RNZAF, died during a successful attack on a German U-boat off West Africa. His medal was uniquely awarded solely on the recommendation of the enemy captain and other eyewitnesses.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewart_Udall" title="Stewart Udall">Stewart Udall</a>, author, conservationist, U.S. Representative, and Secretary of Interior, served as a waist gunner on a B-24 in 1944. He was based in Southern Italy; 15th Army AF, 454th Bombardment Group. His Liberator's nickname was "Flyin' Home". He is credited with 50 missions. The 454th received a Unit Citation for leading an attack on the Hermann Goering Steel Works in Linz, Austria on 25 July 1944. Udall's crew suffered one casualty on the mission. The dead crew member was serving at the waist-gunner position normally manned by Udall; by chance, the pilot assigned Udall to the nose gun for this mission, saving his life.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wright" title="Jim Wright">Jim Wright</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the House</a>, served as a B-24 bombardier in the Pacific. He recounted his experience in his book <i>The Flying Circus: Pacific War – 1943 – as Seen Through a Bombsight</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Zamperini" title="Louis Zamperini">Louis Zamperini</a>, Olympic runner, and later war prisoner and hero, served as a bombardier on two B-24s. The first, "Super Man", was damaged, and the crew was assigned to B-24D "Green Hornet" to conduct search and rescue. On 27 May 1943, the aircraft crashed into the Pacific Ocean. Eight of the 11 crewmembers were killed. Zamperini, pilot Russell A. Phillips, and Francis McNamara survived the crash. Only Zamperini and Phillips survived their 47 days adrift on a life raft on the sea.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zamperini is the subject of two biographies and the 2014 film <i><a href="/wiki/Unbroken_(film)" title="Unbroken (film)">Unbroken</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_appearances_in_media">Notable appearances in media</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_in_fiction#B-24_Liberator" title="Aircraft in fiction">Aircraft in fiction § B-24 Liberator</a></div> <ul><li>The book <i>One Damned Island After Another</i> (1946) contains the official history of the 7th Bomber Command of the <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Air_Force" title="Seventh Air Force">Seventh Air Force</a>. It describes B-24 operations in the Central Pacific. B-24s from the Seventh Air Force were the first B-24s to bomb the Japanese home islands.</li> <li>Authors Cassius Mullen and Betty Byron wrote the story of the first American heavy bomber crew to complete a 25-mission combat tour in the European Theater during World War II. The book <i>Before the Belle</i> (2015) tells the story of Capt Robert Shannon and his aircraft, which completed a combat tour only to be lost in an accident while transporting Lt Gen <a href="/wiki/Frank_Maxwell_Andrews" title="Frank Maxwell Andrews">Frank Maxwell Andrews</a> back to Washington on 3 May 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Laura Hillenbrand's <i><a href="/wiki/Unbroken:_A_World_War_II_Story_of_Survival,_Resilience,_and_Redemption" class="mw-redirect" title="Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption">Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption</a></i> (2010) tells the story of B-24D bombardier <a href="/wiki/Louis_Zamperini" title="Louis Zamperini">Louis Zamperini</a> and how he survived crashing in the Pacific, being adrift on the ocean for 47 days, and then more than two years in Japanese POW camps.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Damnyankee: A WWII Story of Tragedy and Survival off the West of Ireland</i> by Thomas L. Walsh (2009) tells the story of a US Navy PB4Y-1 (B-24 Liberator) submarine patrol bomber that ditched off the west coast of Ireland in 1944; five of the ten crew survived 33 hours adrift in a seething North Atlantic storm before drifting ashore in Clifden, County Galway, Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sinking_of_the_Laconia" title="The Sinking of the Laconia">The Sinking of the Laconia</a></i> depicts the <a href="/wiki/Laconia_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Laconia Incident">Laconia Incident</a> and a B-24's attempts to sink the <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-156_(1941)" title="German submarine U-156 (1941)">German submarine <i>U-156</i></a>.</li> <li><i>Shady Lady: Mission Accomplished, Running on Empty</i> (2012) tells the true story of the USAAF's B-24D <i>Shady Lady,</i>. It was one of 11 planes that took off from <a href="/wiki/Darwin,_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Darwin, Australia">Darwin, Australia</a>, on Friday, 13 August 1943, to bomb a Japanese oil refinery at Balikpapan, Borneo, a distance of more than 1,300 miles. This mission was the longest overwater bombing mission up to that time.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/28px-Aviacionavion.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/42px-Aviacionavion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/56px-Aviacionavion.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Aviation" title="Portal:Aviation">Aviation portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1943_Gibraltar_B-24_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="1943 Gibraltar B-24 crash">1943 Gibraltar B-24 crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H2X" title="H2X">H2X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Eva_(aircraft)" title="Little Eva (aircraft)"><i>Little Eva</i> (aircraft)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Aphrodite" title="Operation Aphrodite">Operation Aphrodite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow_Run_Airport" title="Willow Run Airport">Willow Run Airport</a></li></ul> <p><b>Related development</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_B-32_Dominator" title="Consolidated B-32 Dominator">Consolidated B-32 Dominator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_C-87_Liberator_Express" title="Consolidated C-87 Liberator Express">Consolidated C-87 Liberator Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Liberator_I" title="Consolidated Liberator I">Consolidated Liberator I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_R2Y" title="Consolidated R2Y">Consolidated R2Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_XB-41_Liberator" title="Consolidated XB-41 Liberator">Consolidated XB-41 Liberator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PB4Y-2_Privateer" title="Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer">PB4Y Privateer</a></li></ul> <p><b>Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avro_Lancaster" title="Avro Lancaster">Avro Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-17_Flying_Fortress" title="Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress">Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_200_Condor" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor">Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handley_Page_Halifax" title="Handley Page Halifax">Handley Page Halifax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_177" class="mw-redirect" title="Heinkel He 177">Heinkel He 177</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_290" title="Junkers Ju 290">Junkers Ju 290</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petlyakov_Pe-8" title="Petlyakov Pe-8">Petlyakov Pe-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piaggio_P.108" title="Piaggio P.108">Piaggio P.108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Stirling" title="Short Stirling">Short Stirling</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quote: "One of the primary reasons we decided to go with the 'A' model, vs the LB-30, was that this airplane was originally a B-24A."<sup id="cite_ref-Warbird_Digest_2007_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warbird_Digest_2007-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Munson, Kenneth, "Bombers 1939-45, Patrol and Transport Aircraft", Macmillan Publishing Company, Inc., New York, Blandford Press Ltd., 1969, LCCN 77-92035, page 156.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bhargava, Kapil, Group Captain (ret'd). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/History/Aircraft/Liberator.html">India's Reclaimed B-24 Bombers</a>". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091212001649/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/History/Aircraft/Liberator.html">Archived</a> 12 December 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>bharat-rakshak.com</i>. Retrieved: 16 June 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBirdsall1968" class="citation book cs1">Birdsall (1968). <i>Famous Aircraft: The B-24 Liberator</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Famous+Aircraft%3A+The+B-24+Liberator&rft.date=1968&rft.au=Birdsall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsolidated+B-24+Liberator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/2017/06/30/boeing-b-17-flying-fortress-vs-the-consolidated-b-24-liberator/">"The Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress vs. the Consolidated B-24 Liberator"</a>. <i>warfarehistorynetwork.com</i>. 30 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=warfarehistorynetwork.com&rft.atitle=The+Boeing+B-17+Flying+Fortress+vs.+the+Consolidated+B-24+Liberator&rft.date=2017-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwarfarehistorynetwork.com%2F2017%2F06%2F30%2Fboeing-b-17-flying-fortress-vs-the-consolidated-b-24-liberator%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsolidated+B-24+Liberator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Taylor 1969, p. 462.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVincenti1986" class="citation cs2">Vincenti, Walter G. (1986), "The Davis Wing and the Problem of Airfoil Design: Uncertainty and Growth in Engineering Knowledge", <i>Technology and Culture</i>, <b>27</b> (4): 717–758, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3105326">10.2307/3105326</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3105326">3105326</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:112031158">112031158</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Technology+and+Culture&rft.atitle=The+Davis+Wing+and+the+Problem+of+Airfoil+Design%3A+Uncertainty+and+Growth+in+Engineering+Knowledge&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=717-758&rft.date=1986&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A112031158%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3105326%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3105326&rft.aulast=Vincenti&rft.aufirst=Walter+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsolidated+B-24+Liberator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Baugher, Joe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joebaugher.com/usaf_bombers/b24_1.html">"The Consolidated XB-24."</a> <i>USAAC/USAAF/USAF Bombers: The Consolidated B-24 Liberator</i>, 8 August 1999. Retrieved: 15 June 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Craven and Cate 1949 <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (May 2015)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimons2012" class="citation book cs1">Simons, Graham M. (2012). <i>Consolidated B-24 Liberator</i>. Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword. pp. 40–42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781848846449" title="Special:BookSources/9781848846449"><bdi>9781848846449</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Consolidated+B-24+Liberator&rft.place=Barnsley%2C+UK&rft.pages=40-42&rft.pub=Pen+%26+Sword&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781848846449&rft.aulast=Simons&rft.aufirst=Graham+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsolidated+B-24+Liberator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joebaugher.com/usaf_bombers/b24_19.html">"Consolidated XB-24K Liberator"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Consolidated+XB-24K+Liberator&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.joebaugher.com%2Fusaf_bombers%2Fb24_19.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsolidated+B-24+Liberator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aerofilesConsolidated-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aerofilesConsolidated_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aerofilesConsolidated_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aerofilesConsolidated_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aerofiles.com/_conso.html">Consolidated page at Aerofiles.com</a> retrieved 23 October 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimons2012" class="citation book cs1">Simons, G. (2012). <i>Liberator: The Consolidated B-24</i>. Pen & Sword Books Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78303-591-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78303-591-5"><bdi>978-1-78303-591-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liberator%3A+The+Consolidated+B-24&rft.pub=Pen+%26+Sword+Books+Limited&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-78303-591-5&rft.aulast=Simons&rft.aufirst=G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsolidated+B-24+Liberator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44th_BG_History-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-44th_BG_History_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-44th_BG_History_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-44th_BG_History_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-44th_BG_History_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-44th_BG_History_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-44th_BG_History_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-44th_BG_History_13-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Allan, Chuck. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chuckallan.com/history/History_44th.html">"A Brief History of the 44th Bomb Group."</a><i>chuckallan.com</i>. Retrieved: 15 June 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070808083844/http://www.chuckallan.com/history/History_44th.html">Archived</a> 8 August 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hillenbrand 2010 <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (December 2011)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Green 1975, p. 84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hillenbrand 2010, p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Donald 1997, p. 266.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Birdsall 1968, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Taylor_1968,_p._463-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Taylor_1968,_p._463_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Taylor_1968,_p._463_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Taylor 1968, p. 463.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hendrix, Lindell ("Lin"), "Requiem for a Heavyweight", Wings, February 1978, A Sentry Magazine, page 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Byrne, John A., The Whiz Kids: The Founding Fathers of American Business and the Legacy They Left Us, Currency Doubleday, Page 50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-March_p63-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-March_p63_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">March 1998, p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith, Harry V. et al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rquirk.com/escape.pdf">"Escape from Siam."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924092333/http://www.rquirk.com/escape.pdf">Archived</a> 24 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>rquirk.com</i>. Retrieved: 27 May 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Green 1975, p. 85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Winchester 2004, p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Giorgerini, Giorgio (2002). Uomini sul fondo : storia del sommergibilismo italiano dalle origini a oggi. Milano: Mondadori. pp. 518–20. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8804505370" title="Special:BookSources/8804505370">8804505370</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Secret War, by Brian Johnson, Pen And Sword Military Classics, 1978, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84415-102-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-84415-102-6">1-84415-102-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Garner, Forest. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uboat.net/allies/aircraft/b24.htm">"The Consolidated B-24 Liberator."</a> <i>uboat.net</i>. Retrieved: 16 August 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lord 1967, p. 279.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-levine1992-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-levine1992_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Levine 1992, pp. 14–15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weal 2006, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reynolds, George. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.458bg.com/azonproject.htm">"The AZON Project."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200106093918/http://www.458bg.com/azonproject.htm">Archived</a> 6 January 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>458bg.com</i>, Retrieved: 25 December 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marion. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.netcore.us/1/afm/azonbomb.html">"Old China Hands, Tales & Stories – The Azon Bomb."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120306191038/http://www.netcore.us/1/afm/azonbomb.html">Archived</a> 6 March 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>oldchinahands</i>. Retrieved: 20 March 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Freeman 1984, p. 176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parnell 1993, pp. inside cover, p. 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-c-109-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-c-109_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090304014706/http://home.att.net/~jbaugher2/b24_27.html">https://web.archive.org/web/20090304014706/http://home.att.net/~jbaugher2/b24_27.html</a> Consolidated C-109</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baugher, Joe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joebaugher.com/usaf_bombers/b24_27.html">"Consolidated C-109".</a> <i>USAAC/USAAF/USAF Bombers: The Consolidated B-24 Liberator</i>, 16 August 1999. Retrieved: 15 June 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Autry, Gene with Herskowitz, Mickey. (1978). <i>Back in the Saddle Again</i>. Doubleday & Company, Inc. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/038503234X" title="Special:BookSources/038503234X">038503234X</a> Page 85</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">RAAF Museum website <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.airforce.gov.au/raafmuseum/research/aircraft/series2/A73.htm">A72 Avro Lincoln</a> Retrieved 1 May 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1950/1950%20-%201946.html">"Indian Ocean – New Guinea – Kangaroo Service – 1950–1946."</a> <i>Flight Global website,</i> 16 November 1950. Retrieved: 29 August 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Isemonger, L.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gilman and Clive 1978, p. 314.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ro_B-24-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ro_B-24_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ro_B-24_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ro_B-24_43-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iar80flyagain.org/b-24-liberator-reconstruit/">"Istoria unui B 24 Liberator "românesc"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>iar80flyagain.org</i> (in Romanian). 16 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iar80flyagain.org&rft.atitle=Istoria+unui+B+24+Liberator+%22rom%C3%A2nesc%22&rft.date=2023-03-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iar80flyagain.org%2Fb-24-liberator-reconstruit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsolidated+B-24+Liberator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gordon_p._479-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gordon_p._479_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon 2008, p. 479.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSt._John1990" class="citation book cs1">St. John, Philip A. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ndt0h2LHETAC"><i>The Liberator Legend: The Plane and the People</i></a>. Turner Publishing Company. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-938021-99-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-938021-99-5"><bdi>978-0-938021-99-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Liberator+Legend%3A+The+Plane+and+the+People&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Turner+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-938021-99-5&rft.aulast=St.+John&rft.aufirst=Philip+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNdt0h2LHETAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsolidated+B-24+Liberator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnsen1996" class="citation book cs1">Johnsen, Frederick (1996). <i>Consolidated B-24 Liberator – Warbird Tech Vol. 1</i>. Specialty Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1580070546" title="Special:BookSources/978-1580070546"><bdi>978-1580070546</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Consolidated+B-24+Liberator+%E2%80%93+Warbird+Tech+Vol.+1&rft.pub=Specialty+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1580070546&rft.aulast=Johnsen&rft.aufirst=Frederick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsolidated+B-24+Liberator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Francillon 1988, p.26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Francillon 1988, p.580</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-weaponsacquisitionprocess-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-weaponsacquisitionprocess_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-weaponsacquisitionprocess_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Whiz_Kids_(Department_of_Defense)" title="Whiz Kids (Department of Defense)">Peck, Merton J.</a> & <a href="/wiki/Frederic_M._Scherer" title="Frederic M. Scherer">Scherer, Frederic M.</a> <i>The Weapons Acquisition Process: An Economic Analysis</i> (1962) <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Business_School" title="Harvard Business School">Harvard Business School</a> p.619</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Willowrun-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Willowrun_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Willowrun_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nolan, Jenny. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://info.detnews.com/redesign/history/story/historytemplate.cfm?id=73&category=locations">"Michigan History: Willow Run and the Arsenal of Democracy."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121204140927/http://info.detnews.com/redesign/history/story/historytemplate.cfm?id=73&category=locations">Archived</a> 4 December 2012 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a> <i>The Detroit News</i>, 28 January 1997. Retrieved: 7 August 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wegg_p82-3-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wegg_p82-3_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wegg 1990, pp. 82–83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iaprv4_p129-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iaprv4_p129_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dorr and Lake 2002, p. 129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Warbird_Digest_2007-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Warbird_Digest_2007_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.warbirddigest.com/backissues/1507.htm">"Ol 927: CAF's B-24A Liberator."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130516224827/http://www.warbirddigest.com/backissues/1507.htm">Archived</a> 16 May 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Warbird Digest</i>, Issue 15, July–August 2007, pp. 17–30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrade 1979, p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baugher, Joe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joebaugher.com/usaf_bombers/b24_29.html">"Consolidated PB4Y-1."</a> <i>USAAC/USAAF/USAF Bombers: The Consolidated B-24 Liberator</i>, 18 August 1999. Retrieved: 15 June 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wegg_p90-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wegg_p90_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wegg 1990, p. 90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robertson 1998</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoftin1985" class="citation cs2">Loftin, L.K. Jr. (1985), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hq.nasa.gov/pao/History/SP-468/cover.htm"><i>Quest for Performance: The Evolution of Modern Aircraft. NASA SP-468</i></a>, NASA Scientific and Technical Information Branch<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2006</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Quest+for+Performance%3A+The+Evolution+of+Modern+Aircraft.+NASA+SP-468&rft.pub=NASA+Scientific+and+Technical+Information+Branch&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Loftin&rft.aufirst=L.K.+Jr.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hq.nasa.gov%2Fpao%2FHistory%2FSP-468%2Fcover.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsolidated+B-24+Liberator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAoWWII-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FAoWWII_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBridgman1989" class="citation book cs1">Bridgman, Leonard, ed. (1989). <i>Jane's Fighting aircraft of World War II</i> (1995 ed.). New York: Military Press. pp. 215–216. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0517679647" title="Special:BookSources/0517679647"><bdi>0517679647</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jane%27s+Fighting+aircraft+of+World+War+II&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=215-216&rft.edition=1995&rft.pub=Military+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0517679647&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsolidated+B-24+Liberator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wegg-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wegg_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWegg1990" class="citation book cs1">Wegg, John (1990). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/generaldynamicsa00wegg"><i>General Dynamics aircraft and their predecessors</i></a></span> (1st ed.). Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/generaldynamicsa00wegg/page/n42">82</a>–90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87021-233-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-87021-233-8"><bdi>0-87021-233-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=General+Dynamics+aircraft+and+their+predecessors&rft.place=Annapolis%2C+Md.&rft.pages=82-90&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-87021-233-8&rft.aulast=Wegg&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgeneraldynamicsa00wegg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsolidated+B-24+Liberator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Selig-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Selig_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLednicer" class="citation web cs1">Lednicer, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html">"The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage"</a>. <i>m-selig.ae.illinois.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu&rft.atitle=The+Incomplete+Guide+to+Airfoil+Usage&rft.aulast=Lednicer&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm-selig.ae.illinois.edu%2Fads%2Faircraft.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsolidated+B-24+Liberator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1346306/Walter-Matthau.html">"Walter Matthau"</a></span>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. 3 July 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1346306/Walter-Matthau.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Walter+Matthau&rft.date=2000-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2F1346306%2FWalter-Matthau.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsolidated+B-24+Liberator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hillenbrand 2010<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (December 2011)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMullenByron2015" class="citation book cs1">Mullen, Cassius; Byron, Betty (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5IwmCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT284"><i>Before the Belle</i></a>. Page Publishing Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-68213-622-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-68213-622-5"><bdi>978-1-68213-622-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Before+the+Belle&rft.pub=Page+Publishing+Inc&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-68213-622-5&rft.aulast=Mullen&rft.aufirst=Cassius&rft.au=Byron%2C+Betty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5IwmCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT284&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsolidated+B-24+Liberator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Margolick, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/21/books/review/Margolick-t.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0">"Zamperini’s War."</a> <i>The New York Times,</i> 19 November 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Damnyankee-Story-Tragedy-Survival-Ireland/dp/1432729101">"'Damnyankee'."</a> <i>amazon.com</i>. Retrieved: 4 February 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pacificwrecks.com/aircraft/b-24/42-40369.html">"B-24D-53-CO "Shady Lady" Serial Number 42-40369"</a>. <i>pacificwrecks.com</i>. Retrieved: 26 June 2016.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3></div> <ul><li>Andrade, John. <i>U.S. Military Aircraft Designations and Serials since 1909</i>. Hinckley, Leicestershire, UK: Midland Counties Publications, 1979. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-904597-22-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-904597-22-9">0-904597-22-9</a>.</li> <li>Axworthy, Mark. <i>Third Axis Fourth Ally: Romanian Armed Forces in the European War, 1941–1945</i>. London: Arms & Armour, First edition 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85409-267-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85409-267-0">978-1-85409-267-0</a>.</li> <li>Birdsall, Steve. <i>The B-24 Liberator</i>. New York: Arco Publishing Company, Inc., 1968. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-668-01695-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-668-01695-7">0-668-01695-7</a>.</li> <li>Birdsall, Steve. <i>B-24 Liberator in Action</i> (Aircraft number 21). Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications, Inc., 1975. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89747-020-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-89747-020-6">0-89747-020-6</a>.</li> <li>Birdsall, Steve. <i>Log of the Liberators</i>. Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1973. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-03870-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-03870-4">0-385-03870-4</a>.</li> <li>Blue, Allan G. <i>The B-24 Liberator, A Pictorial History</i>. Shepperton, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan Ltd., 1976. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7110-0630-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7110-0630-X">0-7110-0630-X</a>.</li> <li>Bowman, Martin. <i>The B-24 Liberator 1939–1945</i>. Norwich, Norfolk, UK: Wensum Books Ltd, 1979. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-903619-27-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-903619-27-X">0-903619-27-X</a>.</li> <li>Bowman, Martin. <i>Combat Legend: B-24 Liberator</i>. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84037-403-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-84037-403-9">1-84037-403-9</a>.</li> <li>Craven, Wesley and James Lea Cate. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afhso.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-101105-005.pdf">US Army Air Forces in World War II: Vol. I: Plans & Early Operations, January 1939 to August 1942</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161018133446/http://www.afhso.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-101105-005.pdf">Archived</a> 18 October 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. Washington, D.C.: Office of Air Force History, 1949.</li> <li>Currier, Donald R. <i>Lt. Col. (Ret)</i>. <i>50 Mission Crush</i>. Shippensburg, Pennsylvania: Burd Street Press, 1992. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-942597-43-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-942597-43-5">0-942597-43-5</a>.</li> <li>Davis, Larry. <i>B-24 Liberator in Action</i> (Aircraft number 80). Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications, Inc., 1987. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89747-190-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-89747-190-3">0-89747-190-3</a>.</li> <li>Donald, David, general editor. <i>Encyclopedia of World Aircraft</i>. Etobicoke, Ontario: Prospero Books, 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85605-375-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-85605-375-X">1-85605-375-X</a>.</li> <li>Dorr, Robert F. and Jon Lake. "Warplane Classic: Consolidated B-24 Liberator: Part 1". <i>International Air Power Review</i>, Volume4, Spring 2002. Norwalk: Connecticut, USA: Airtime Publishing, pp. 126–163. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1473-9917">1473-9917</a>.</li> <li>Ethell, L. Jeffrey. <i>Aircraft of World War II</i>. Glasgow: HarperCollins Publishers, 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-00-470849-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-00-470849-0">0-00-470849-0</a>.</li> <li>Francillon, René. <i>McDonnell Douglas Aircraft Since 1920: Volume I</i>. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1988. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87021-428-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-87021-428-4">0-87021-428-4</a>.</li> <li>Freeman, Roger. <i>B-24 at War</i>. Shepperton, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan Ltd., 1983. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7110-1264-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7110-1264-4">0-7110-1264-4</a>.</li> <li>Freeman, Roger. <i>Mighty Eighth War Manual</i>. London: Jane's Publishing Company Limited, 1984. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7106-0325-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7106-0325-8">0-7106-0325-8</a>.</li> <li>Gann, Ernest K. <i>Fate Is the Hunter</i>. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1986. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-63603-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-63603-0">0-671-63603-0</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardner1984" class="citation magazine cs1">Gardner, Brian (1984). "Flight Refuelling... The Wartime Story". <i><a href="/wiki/Air_Enthusiast" title="Air Enthusiast">Air Enthusiast</a></i>. No. 25. pp. 34–43, 80. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0143-5450">0143-5450</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Air+Enthusiast&rft.atitle=Flight+Refuelling...+The+Wartime+Story&rft.issue=25&rft.pages=34-43%2C+80&rft.date=1984&rft.issn=0143-5450&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsolidated+B-24+Liberator" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Gilman, J. D. and J. Clive. <i>KG 200</i>. London: Pan Books Ltd., 1978. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85177-819-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-85177-819-4">0-85177-819-4</a>.</li> <li>Gordon, Yefim. <i>Soviet Air Power in World War 2</i>. Hinckley, Leicestershire, UK: Midland, Ian Allan Publishing, 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85780-304-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85780-304-4">978-1-85780-304-4</a>.</li> <li>Green, William. <i>Famous Bombers of the Second World War</i>. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, 1975. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-12467-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-12467-8">0-385-12467-8</a>.</li> <li>Hillenbrand, Laura. <i>Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption.</i> New York: Random House, 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-6416-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-6416-8">978-1-4000-6416-8</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIchac2004" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ichac, Jean-Claude (January 2004). "A parisien "Liberator" dans le Grand Nord: sauvetage au Groenland" [A Parisian Liberator in the Arctic: Resupply in Greenland]. <i>Le Fana de l'Aviation</i> (in French) (410): 49–53. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0757-4169">0757-4169</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Fana+de+l%27Aviation&rft.atitle=A+parisien+%22Liberator%22+dans+le+Grand+Nord%3A+sauvetage+au+Groenland&rft.issue=410&rft.pages=49-53&rft.date=2004-01&rft.issn=0757-4169&rft.aulast=Ichac&rft.aufirst=Jean-Claude&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsolidated+B-24+Liberator" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Isemongers, Lawrence.<i>The Men Who Went to Warsaw</i>. Nelspruit, UK: Freeworld Publications, 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9584388-4-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-9584388-4-6">0-9584388-4-6</a>.</li> <li>Job, Macarthur. "Misadventure at Mauritius." <i>Flight Safety Magazine</i>, January–February 2000.</li> <li>Johnsen, Frederick A. <i>Consolidated B-24 Liberator </i>(WarbirdTech Volume 1). North Branch, Minnesota: Specialty Press, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58007-054-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-58007-054-X">1-58007-054-X</a>.</li> <li>Johnsen, Frederick A. <i>B-24 Liberator: Combat and Development History of the Liberator and Privateer</i>. St. Paul, Minnesota: Motorbooks International, 1993. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87938-758-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-87938-758-0">0-87938-758-0</a>.</li> <li>Johnsen, Frederick A. <i>Bombers in Blue: PB4Y-2 Privateers and PB4Y-1 Liberators</i>. Tacoma, Washington: Bomber Books, 1979. No ISBN.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawrence1945" class="citation book cs1">Lawrence, Joseph (1945). <i>The Observer's Book Of Airplanes</i>. London and New York: Frederick Warne & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Observer%27s+Book+Of+Airplanes&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pub=Frederick+Warne+%26+Co&rft.date=1945&rft.aulast=Lawrence&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsolidated+B-24+Liberator" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Levine, Alan J. <i>The Strategic Bombing of Germany, 1940–1945</i>. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger, 1992. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-94319-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-94319-4">0-275-94319-4</a>.</li> <li>Lord, Walter. <i>Incredible Victory</i>. New York: Harper & Row, 1967. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58080-059-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-58080-059-9">1-58080-059-9</a>.</li> <li>March, Daniel J., ed. <i>British Warplanes of World War II</i>. London: Aerospace Publishing, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-874023-92-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-874023-92-1">1-874023-92-1</a>.</li> <li>McDowell, Ernest and Richard Ward. <i>Consolidated B-24D-M Liberator in USAAF-RAF-RAAF-MLD-IAF-CzechAF & CNAF Service, PB4Y-1/2 Privateer in USN-USMC-Aeronavale & CNAF Service</i>. New York: Arco Publishing Company, Inc., 1969. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-668-02115-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-668-02115-2">0-668-02115-2</a>.</li> <li>Nelmes, Michael V. <i>Tocumwal to Tarakan. Australians and the Consolidated B-24 Liberator</i>. Belconnen, Australia: Banner Books, 1994. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-875593-04-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-875593-04-7">1-875593-04-7</a>.</li> <li>Moyes, Philip J. R. <i>Consolidated B-24 Liberator (Early Models)</i>. Kidlington, Oxford, UK: Vintage Aviation Publications Ltd., 1979. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-905469-70-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-905469-70-4">0-905469-70-4</a>.</li> <li>North, Tony and Mike Bailey. <i>Liberator Album, B-24's of the 2nd Air Division 8th Air Force. Volume 1: The 20th. Combat Bomb Wing</i>. Norwich, Norfolk, UK: Tony North, 1979. No ISBN.</li> <li>North, Tony and Mike Bailey. <i>Liberator Album, B-24's of the 2nd Air Division 8th Air Force. Volume 2: The 14th. Combat Bomb Wing</i>. Norwich, Norfolk, UK: Tony North, 1981. No ISBN.</li> <li>Odgers, George. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131014171352/http://www.awm.gov.au/histories/second_world_war/volume.asp?levelID=67913"><i>Air War Against Japan 1943–1945</i></a>. Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 3—Air. Canberra: Australian War Memorial, 1968.</li> <li>O'Leary, Michael. <i>Consolidated B-24 Liberator</i>. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84176-023-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-84176-023-4">1-84176-023-4</a>.</li> <li>Parnell, Ben. <i>Carpetbaggers America's Secret War in Europe</i>. Austin, Texas: Eakin Press, 1987, revised edition 1993. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89015-592-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89015-592-9">978-0-89015-592-9</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrins1994" class="citation magazine cs1">Prins, François (Spring 1994). "Pioneering Spirit: The QANTAS Story". <i><a href="/wiki/Air_Enthusiast" title="Air Enthusiast">Air Enthusiast</a></i>. No. 53. pp. 24–32. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0143-5450">0143-5450</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Air+Enthusiast&rft.atitle=Pioneering+Spirit%3A+The+QANTAS+Story&rft.ssn=spring&rft.issue=53&rft.pages=24-32&rft.date=1994&rft.issn=0143-5450&rft.aulast=Prins&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsolidated+B-24+Liberator" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Robertson, Bruce. <i>British Military Aircraft Serials: 1878–1987</i>. Hinckley, Leicestershire, UK: Midland Counties Publications, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-904597-61-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-904597-61-5">978-0-904597-61-5</a>.</li> <li>Scearce, Phil. <i>Finish Forty and Home: The Untold World War II Story of B-24s in the Pacific</i>. Denton, Texas: University of North Texas Press, 2011. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57441-316-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57441-316-8">978-1-57441-316-8</a>.</li> <li>Shacklady, Edward. <i>Classic WWII Aviation: Consolidated B-24</i>. Bristol, UK: Cerberus Publishing Ltd., 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84145-106-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-84145-106-1">1-84145-106-1</a>.</li> <li>Shores, Christopher, "History of the Royal Canadian Air Force", Toronto, Royce Publications, 1984, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86124-160-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-86124-160-6">0-86124-160-6</a>.</li> <li>Taylor, John W. R. "Consolidated B-24/PB4 Y Liberator." <i>Combat Aircraft of the World from 1909 to the present</i>. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1969. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-425-03633-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-425-03633-2">0-425-03633-2</a>.</li> <li>Wagner, Ray. <i>American Combat Planes</i>. New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1968. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-04134-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-04134-9">0-385-04134-9</a>.</li> <li>Ward, Richard and Eric A. Munday. <i>USAAF Heavy Bomb Group Markings & Camouflage 1941–1945, Consolidated Liberator</i>. Reading, Berkshire, UK: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 1972. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85045-128-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-85045-128-0">0-85045-128-0</a>.</li> <li>Weal, John. <i>Bf 109 Defence of the Reich Aces</i>. Oxford, UK: Osprey, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84176-879-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-84176-879-0">1-84176-879-0</a>.</li> <li>Wegg, John. <i>General Dynamic Aircraft and their Predecessors</i>. London: Putnam, 1990. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85177-833-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-85177-833-X">0-85177-833-X</a>.</li> <li>Wilson, Stewart. <i>Boston, Mitchell & Liberator in Australian Service</i>. Weston Creek, Australia: Aerospace Publications, 1992. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-875671-00-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-875671-00-5">1-875671-00-5</a>.</li> <li>Wilson, Stewart. <i>Military Aircraft of Australia</i>. Weston Creek, Australia: Aerospace Publications, 1994. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-875671-08-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-875671-08-0">1-875671-08-0</a>.</li> <li>Winchester, Jim. "Consolidated B-24 Liberator." <i>Aircraft of World War II: The Aviation Factfile</i>. Hoo, Kent, UK: Grange Books plc, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84013-639-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-84013-639-1">1-84013-639-1</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Consolidated B-24 Liberator">Consolidated B-24 Liberator</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070825224308/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=2461">Consolidated B-24A page</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070124062840/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=494">Consolidated B-24D page, USAF National Museum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171004063758/http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/15654030/1604819366/name/bomber_plant.wmv">Willow Run Bomber Plant, WW 2 film about production of the B-24 at the Willow Run bomber plant</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040924080433/http://www.navylib.com/">Navy Libs – Naval Liberator and Privateer Naval Variant: PB4Y-1 "Liberator" (Split Tail) / PB4Y-2 "Privateer" (Single Tail)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcollections.museumofflight.org/items/show/46677">Pilot training manual for the Liberator B-24</a> – The Museum of Flight Digital Collections</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Consolidated_B-24_Liberator_family" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Consolidated_B-24_Liberator_family" title="Template:Consolidated B-24 Liberator family"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Consolidated_B-24_Liberator_family" title="Template talk:Consolidated B-24 Liberator family"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Consolidated_B-24_Liberator_family" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Consolidated B-24 Liberator family"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Consolidated_B-24_Liberator_family" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Aircraft" title="Consolidated Aircraft">Consolidated</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">B-24 Liberator</a> family</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bombers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">B-24</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">LB-30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Liberator_I" title="Consolidated Liberator I">Liberator Mk I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_B-32_Dominator" title="Consolidated B-32 Dominator">B-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_XB-41_Liberator" title="Consolidated XB-41 Liberator">XB-41</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">PB4Y-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PB4Y-2_Privateer" title="Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer">PB4Y-2</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">P5Y</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_C-87_Liberator_Express" title="Consolidated C-87 Liberator Express">C-87</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">C-109</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_C-87_Liberator_Express" title="Consolidated C-87 Liberator Express">RY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_R2Y" title="Consolidated R2Y">R2Y</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trainers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_C-87_Liberator_Express" title="Consolidated C-87 Liberator Express">AT-22</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reconnaissance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">F-7</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">BQ-8</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accidents_and_incidents_involving_the_Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Accidents and incidents involving the Consolidated B-24 Liberator">Accidents and incidents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_Eva_(aircraft)" title="Little Eva (aircraft)">1942 Queensland crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_Gibraltar_Liberator_AL523_crash" title="1943 Gibraltar Liberator AL523 crash">1943 Gibraltar crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_Saint-Donat_RCAF_Liberator_III_crash" title="1943 Saint-Donat RCAF Liberator III crash">1943 Saint-Donat crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_Liberator_crash_at_Whenuapai" title="1943 Liberator crash at Whenuapai">1943 Whenuapai crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freckleton_air_disaster" title="Freckleton air disaster">1944 Freckleton air disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Montreal_RAF_Liberator_VI_crash" title="1944 Montreal RAF Liberator VI crash">1944 Montreal crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_Broadway_Consolidated_Liberator_crash" title="1945 Broadway Consolidated Liberator crash">1945 Broadway crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvetham_air_crash" title="Elvetham air crash">1945 Elvetham crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_airtanker_crashes" title="2002 United States airtanker crashes">2002 Estes Park crash</a></li></ul></li> <li>In fiction <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_in_fiction#B-24_Liberator" title="Aircraft in fiction">B-24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_in_fiction#PB4Y_Privateer" title="Aircraft in fiction">PB4Y</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Consolidated_B-24_Liberator_operators" title="List of Consolidated B-24 Liberator operators">Operators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_surviving_Consolidated_B-24_Liberators" title="List of surviving Consolidated B-24 Liberators">Survivors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable aircraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Atka_B-24D_Liberator" title="Atka B-24D Liberator">40-2367</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Cat_(aircraft)" title="Black Cat (aircraft)">Black Cat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Commando_(aircraft)" title="Commando (aircraft)">Commando</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hot_Stuff_(aircraft)" title="Hot Stuff (aircraft)">Hot Stuff</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lady_Be_Good_(aircraft)" title="Lady Be Good (aircraft)">Lady Be Good</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Little_Eva_(aircraft)" title="Little Eva (aircraft)">Little Eva</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shady_Lady_(aircraft)" title="Shady Lady (aircraft)">Shady Lady</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Consolidated_aircraft" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Consolidated_aircraft" title="Template:Consolidated aircraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Consolidated_aircraft" title="Template talk:Consolidated aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Consolidated_aircraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Consolidated aircraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Consolidated_aircraft" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Aircraft" title="Consolidated Aircraft">Consolidated</a> aircraft</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturer designation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PT-1_Trusty" title="Consolidated PT-1 Trusty">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PT-3" title="Consolidated PT-3">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_O-17_Courier" title="Consolidated O-17 Courier">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_O-17_Courier" title="Consolidated O-17 Courier">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Commodore" title="Consolidated Commodore">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Model_10" class="mw-redirect" title="Consolidated Model 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_Model_1" title="Fleet Model 1">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_O-17_Courier" title="Consolidated O-17 Courier">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Commodore" title="Consolidated Commodore">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Fleetster" title="Consolidated Fleetster">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Fleetster" title="Consolidated Fleetster">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Fleetster" title="Consolidated Fleetster">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PT-11" title="Consolidated PT-11">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_P2Y" title="Consolidated P2Y">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas-Morse_O-19" title="Thomas-Morse O-19">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_XB2Y" title="Consolidated XB2Y">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_P-30" title="Consolidated P-30">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_P-30" title="Consolidated P-30">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_P-30" title="Consolidated P-30">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PBY_Catalina" title="Consolidated PBY Catalina">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PB2Y_Coronado" title="Consolidated PB2Y Coronado">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_XPB3Y" title="Consolidated XPB3Y">30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_XP4Y_Corregidor" title="Consolidated XP4Y Corregidor">31</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_B-32_Dominator" title="Consolidated B-32 Dominator">33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_B-32_Dominator" title="Consolidated B-32 Dominator">34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_B-36_Peacemaker" title="Convair B-36 Peacemaker">36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_XC-99" title="Convair XC-99">37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_R2Y" title="Consolidated R2Y">39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PB4Y-2_Privateer" title="Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer">40</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By role</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trainers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_NY" title="Consolidated NY">NY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PT-1_Trusty" title="Consolidated PT-1 Trusty">PT-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PT-3" title="Consolidated PT-3">PT-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PT-11" title="Consolidated PT-11">PT-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_C-87_Liberator_Express" title="Consolidated C-87 Liberator Express">AT-22</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observation aircraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_OA-6" class="mw-redirect" title="Consolidated OA-6">OA-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_O-17_Courier" title="Consolidated O-17 Courier">O-17</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fighters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_P-30" title="Consolidated P-30">P-30</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Patrol</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Commodore" title="Consolidated Commodore">PY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_P2Y" title="Consolidated P2Y">P2Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PBY_Catalina" title="Consolidated PBY Catalina">P3Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_XP4Y_Corregidor" title="Consolidated XP4Y Corregidor">XP4Y-1</a>/<a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PB4Y-2_Privateer" title="Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer">P4Y-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PBY_Catalina" title="Consolidated PBY Catalina">PBY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PB2Y_Coronado" title="Consolidated PB2Y Coronado">PB2Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_XPB3Y" title="Consolidated XPB3Y">XPB3Y</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">PB4Y-1</a>/<a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PB4Y-2_Privateer" title="Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer">-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bombers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">B-24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_B-32_Dominator" title="Consolidated B-32 Dominator">B-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_XB-41_Liberator" title="Consolidated XB-41 Liberator">XB-41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_B-36_Peacemaker" title="Convair B-36 Peacemaker">B-36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Fleetster" title="Consolidated Fleetster">BY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_XB2Y" title="Consolidated XB2Y">XB2Y</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">LB-30A</a>/<a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Liberator_I" title="Consolidated Liberator I">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Liberator_I" title="Consolidated Liberator I">Liberator B.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Liberator_I" title="Consolidated Liberator I">Liberator GR.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_TBY_Sea_Wolf" title="Consolidated TBY Sea Wolf">TBY</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Fleetster" title="Consolidated Fleetster">C-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Fleetster" title="Consolidated Fleetster">C-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_C-87_Liberator_Express" title="Consolidated C-87 Liberator Express">C-87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_XC-99" title="Convair XC-99">XC-99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_C-87_Liberator_Express" title="Consolidated C-87 Liberator Express">C-109</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_C-87_Liberator_Express" title="Consolidated C-87 Liberator Express">RY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_R2Y" title="Consolidated R2Y">R2Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_C-87_Liberator_Express" title="Consolidated C-87 Liberator Express">Liberator C.IX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reconnaissance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">F-7</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Template:Convair/GD_aircraft" title="Template:Convair/GD aircraft">Convair aircraft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="North_American_and_Rockwell_International_aircraft" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_American_Aviation_aircraft" title="Template:North American Aviation aircraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_American_Aviation_aircraft" title="Template talk:North American Aviation aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_American_Aviation_aircraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North American Aviation aircraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="North_American_and_Rockwell_International_aircraft" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/North_American_Aviation" title="North American Aviation">North American</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rockwell_International" title="Rockwell International">Rockwell International</a> aircraft</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturer <br />"Charge Number"</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_O-47" title="North American O-47">NA-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_NA-16" title="North American NA-16">NA-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_SOC_Seagull" title="Curtiss SOC Seagull">NA-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_NA-16" title="North American NA-16">NA-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_BT-9" title="North American BT-9">NA-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_NA-16" title="North American NA-16">NA-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XB-21" title="North American XB-21">NA-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_NA-16" title="North American NA-16">NA-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_BT-9" title="North American BT-9">NA-23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_SOC_Seagull" title="Curtiss SOC Seagull">NA-24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_O-47" title="North American O-47">NA-25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">NA-26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_NA-16" title="North American NA-16">NA-27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_BT-9" title="North American BT-9">NA-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_NA-16" title="North American NA-16">NA-29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_BT-9" title="North American BT-9">NA-30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_NA-16" title="North American NA-16">NA-31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAC_Wirraway" title="CAC Wirraway">NA-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAC_Wirraway" title="CAC Wirraway">NA-33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_NA-16" title="North American NA-16">NA-34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_NA-35" title="North American NA-35">NA-35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">NA-36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_NA-16" title="North American NA-16">NA-37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_BT-9" title="North American BT-9">NA-38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XB-21" title="North American XB-21">NA-39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_B-25_Mitchell" title="North American B-25 Mitchell">NA-40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_NA-16" title="North American NA-16">NA-41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_NA-16" title="North American NA-16">NA-42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_NA-16" title="North American NA-16">NA-43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">NA-44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_NA-16" title="North American NA-16">NA-45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_NA-16" title="North American NA-16">NA-46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_NA-16" title="North American NA-16">NA-47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_NA-16" title="North American NA-16">NA-48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_NA-16" title="North American NA-16">NA-49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-64" title="North American P-64">NA-50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_O-47" title="North American O-47">NA-51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">NA-52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_NA-16" title="North American NA-16">NA-53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">NA-54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">NA-55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">NA-56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_NA-16" title="North American NA-16">NA-57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_BT-9" title="North American BT-9">NA-58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">NA-59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_O-47" title="North American O-47">NA-60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_NA-16" title="North American NA-16">NA-61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_B-25_Mitchell" title="North American B-25 Mitchell">NA-62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XB-28_Dragon" title="North American XB-28 Dragon">NA-63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_NA-64_Yale" title="North American NA-64 Yale">NA-64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">NA-65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">NA-66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XB-28_Dragon" title="North American XB-28 Dragon">NA-67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-64" title="North American P-64">NA-68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_A-27" title="North American A-27">NA-69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_NA-35" title="North American NA-35">NA-70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_NA-16" title="North American NA-16">NA-71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">NA-72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">NA-73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">NA-74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">NA-75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">NA-76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">NA-77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">NA-78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">NA-79</a></li> <li>NA-80</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">NA-81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_B-25_Mitchell" title="North American B-25 Mitchell">NA-82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">NA-83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">NA-84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">NA-85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">NA-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_B-25_Mitchell" title="North American B-25 Mitchell">NA-87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">NA-88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XB-28_Dragon" title="North American XB-28 Dragon">NA-89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_B-25_Mitchell" title="North American B-25 Mitchell">NA-90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">NA-91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-29_Superfortress" title="Boeing B-29 Superfortress">NA-92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_B-25_Mitchell" title="North American B-25 Mitchell">NA-93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_B-25_Mitchell" title="North American B-25 Mitchell">NA-94</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">NA-95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_B-25_Mitchell" title="North American B-25 Mitchell">NA-96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_A-36" title="North American A-36">NA-97</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_B-25_Mitchell" title="North American B-25 Mitchell">NA-98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">NA-99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_B-25_Mitchell" title="North American B-25 Mitchell">NA-100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">NA-101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">NA-102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">NA-103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">NA-104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">NA-105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">NA-106</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">NA-107</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_B-25_Mitchell" title="North American B-25 Mitchell">NA-108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">NA-109</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">NA-110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">NA-111</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">NA-112</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_B-25_Mitchell" title="North American B-25 Mitchell">NA-113</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_B-25_Mitchell" title="North American B-25 Mitchell">NA-114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_B-25_Mitchell" title="North American B-25 Mitchell">NA-115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_NA-116" title="North American NA-116">NA-116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">NA-117</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">NA-118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">NA-119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-82_Twin_Mustang" title="North American F-82 Twin Mustang">NA-120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">NA-121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">NA-122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-82_Twin_Mustang" title="North American F-82 Twin Mustang">NA-123</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">NA-124</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">NA-125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">NA-126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">NA-127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">NA-128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">NA-129</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_B-45_Tornado" title="North American B-45 Tornado">NA-130</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-131&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-131 (page does not exist)">NA-131</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-29_Superfortress" title="Boeing B-29 Superfortress">NA-132</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">NA-133</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_FJ-1_Fury" title="North American FJ-1 Fury">NA-134</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_C-82_Packet" title="Fairchild C-82 Packet">NA-135</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">NA-136</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-80_Shooting_Star" title="Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star">NA-137</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">NA-138</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">NA-139</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">NA-140</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_FJ-1_Fury" title="North American FJ-1 Fury">NA-141</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XSN2J" title="North American XSN2J">NA-142</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Navion" title="Ryan Navion">NA-143</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-82_Twin_Mustang" title="North American F-82 Twin Mustang">NA-144</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Navion" title="Ryan Navion">NA-145</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_AJ_Savage" title="North American AJ Savage">NA-146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_B-45_Tornado" title="North American B-45 Tornado">NA-147</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-148&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-148 (page does not exist)">NA-148</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-82_Twin_Mustang" title="North American F-82 Twin Mustang">NA-149</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-82_Twin_Mustang" title="North American F-82 Twin Mustang">NA-150</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">NA-151</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">NA-152</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_B-45_Tornado" title="North American B-45 Tornado">NA-153</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Navion" title="Ryan Navion">NA-154</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_AJ_Savage" title="North American AJ Savage">NA-155</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_AJ_Savage" title="North American AJ Savage">NA-156</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_YF-93" title="North American YF-93">NA-157</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XA2J_Super_Savage" title="North American XA2J Super Savage">NA-158</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-28_Trojan" title="North American T-28 Trojan">NA-159</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_AJ_Savage" title="North American AJ Savage">NA-160</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">NA-161</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_B-45_Tornado" title="North American B-45 Tornado">NA-162</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XA2J_Super_Savage" title="North American XA2J Super Savage">NA-163</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86D_Sabre" title="North American F-86D Sabre">NA-164</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86D_Sabre" title="North American F-86D Sabre">NA-165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_YF-93" title="North American YF-93">NA-166</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">NA-167</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">NA-168</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_AJ_Savage" title="North American AJ Savage">NA-169</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">NA-170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-28_Trojan" title="North American T-28 Trojan">NA-171</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">NA-172</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86D_Sabre" title="North American F-86D Sabre">NA-173</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-28_Trojan" title="North American T-28 Trojan">NA-174</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_AJ_Savage" title="North American AJ Savage">NA-175</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">NA-176</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86D_Sabre" title="North American F-86D Sabre">NA-177</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">NA-178</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_FJ-2/-3_Fury" title="North American FJ-2/-3 Fury">NA-179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-100_Super_Sabre" title="North American F-100 Super Sabre">NA-180</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_FJ-2/-3_Fury" title="North American FJ-2/-3 Fury">NA-181</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">NA-182</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_AJ_Savage" title="North American AJ Savage">NA-183</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_AJ_Savage" title="North American AJ Savage">NA-184</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_FJ-2/-3_Fury" title="North American FJ-2/-3 Fury">NA-185</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">NA-186</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">NA-187</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">NA-188</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-28_Trojan" title="North American T-28 Trojan">NA-189</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86D_Sabre" title="North American F-86D Sabre">NA-190</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">NA-191</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-100_Super_Sabre" title="North American F-100 Super Sabre">NA-192</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">NA-193</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_FJ-2/-3_Fury" title="North American FJ-2/-3 Fury">NA-194</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">NA-195</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_FJ-2/-3_Fury" title="North American FJ-2/-3 Fury">NA-196</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">NA-197</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">NA-198</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-28_Trojan" title="North American T-28 Trojan">NA-199</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-28_Trojan" title="North American T-28 Trojan">NA-200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86D_Sabre" title="North American F-86D Sabre">NA-201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">NA-202</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">NA-203</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">NA-204</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86D_Sabre" title="North American F-86D Sabre">NA-205</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">NA-206</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86D_Sabre" title="North American F-86D Sabre">NA-207</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_FJ-4_Fury" title="North American FJ-4 Fury">NA-208</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_FJ-4_Fury" title="North American FJ-4 Fury">NA-209</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">NA-210</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-100_Super_Sabre" title="North American F-100 Super Sabre">NA-211</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-107" title="North American F-107">NA-212</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">NA-213</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-100_Super_Sabre" title="North American F-100 Super Sabre">NA-214</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_FJ-2/-3_Fury" title="North American FJ-2/-3 Fury">NA-215</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">NA-216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-100_Super_Sabre" title="North American F-100 Super Sabre">NA-217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-28_Trojan" title="North American T-28 Trojan">NA-218</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-28_Trojan" title="North American T-28 Trojan">NA-219</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_FJ-4_Fury" title="North American FJ-4 Fury">NA-220</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">NA-221</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-100_Super_Sabre" title="North American F-100 Super Sabre">NA-222</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-100_Super_Sabre" title="North American F-100 Super Sabre">NA-223</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-100_Super_Sabre" title="North American F-100 Super Sabre">NA-224</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-28_Trojan" title="North American T-28 Trojan">NA-225</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-28_Trojan" title="North American T-28 Trojan">NA-226</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">NA-227</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_FJ-2/-3_Fury" title="North American FJ-2/-3 Fury">NA-228</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_FJ-4_Fury" title="North American FJ-4 Fury">NA-229</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-100_Super_Sabre" title="North American F-100 Super Sabre">NA-230</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">NA-231</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86D_Sabre" title="North American F-86D Sabre">NA-232</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_A-5_Vigilante" title="North American A-5 Vigilante">NA-233</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_FJ_Fury" title="North American FJ Fury">NA-234</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-100_Super_Sabre" title="North American F-100 Super Sabre">NA-235</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XF-108_Rapier" title="North American XF-108 Rapier">NA-236</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-237&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-237 (page does not exist)">NA-237</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">NA-238</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XB-70_Valkyrie" title="North American XB-70 Valkyrie">NA-239</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_X-15" title="North American X-15">NA-240</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-2_Buckeye" title="North American T-2 Buckeye">NA-241</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86D_Sabre" title="North American F-86D Sabre">NA-242</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-100_Super_Sabre" title="North American F-100 Super Sabre">NA-243</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_FJ-4_Fury" title="North American FJ-4 Fury">NA-244</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-100_Super_Sabre" title="North American F-100 Super Sabre">NA-245</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">NA-246</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_A-5_Vigilante" title="North American A-5 Vigilante">NA-247</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_FJ-4_Fury" title="North American FJ-4 Fury">NA-248</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-2_Buckeye" title="North American T-2 Buckeye">NA-249</a></li> <li>NA-250</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_FJ-4_Fury" title="North American FJ-4 Fury">NA-251</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-28_Trojan" title="North American T-28 Trojan">NA-252</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-2_Buckeye" title="North American T-2 Buckeye">NA-253</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-100_Super_Sabre" title="North American F-100 Super Sabre">NA-254</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-100_Super_Sabre" title="North American F-100 Super Sabre">NA-255</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">NA-256</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XF-108_Rapier" title="North American XF-108 Rapier">NA-257</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_A-5_Vigilante" title="North American A-5 Vigilante">NA-258</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XB-70_Valkyrie" title="North American XB-70 Valkyrie">NA-259</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-28_Trojan" title="North American T-28 Trojan">NA-260</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-100_Super_Sabre" title="North American F-100 Super Sabre">NA-261</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-100_Super_Sabre" title="North American F-100 Super Sabre">NA-262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_A-5_Vigilante" title="North American A-5 Vigilante">NA-263</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XB-70_Valkyrie" title="North American XB-70 Valkyrie">NA-264</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">NA-265</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-2_Buckeye" title="North American T-2 Buckeye">NA-266</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XB-70_Valkyrie" title="North American XB-70 Valkyrie">NA-267</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XF-108_Rapier" title="North American XF-108 Rapier">NA-268</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_A-5_Vigilante" title="North American A-5 Vigilante">NA-269</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">NA-270</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">NA-271</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_A-5_Vigilante" title="North American A-5 Vigilante">NA-272</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_MQM-42" title="North American MQM-42">NA-273</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XB-70_Valkyrie" title="North American XB-70 Valkyrie">NA-274</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-275&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-275 (page does not exist)">NA-275</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">NA-276</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">NA-277</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XB-70_Valkyrie" title="North American XB-70 Valkyrie">NA-278</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_A-5_Vigilante" title="North American A-5 Vigilante">NA-279</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-2_Buckeye" title="North American T-2 Buckeye">NA-280</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XB-70_Valkyrie" title="North American XB-70 Valkyrie">NA-281</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">NA-282</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_A-5_Vigilante" title="North American A-5 Vigilante">NA-283</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-28_Trojan" title="North American T-28 Trojan">NA-284</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">NA-285</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XB-70_Valkyrie" title="North American XB-70 Valkyrie">NA-286</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">NA-287</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-2_Buckeye" title="North American T-2 Buckeye">NA-288</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_MQM-42" title="North American MQM-42">NA-289</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">NA-290</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-2_Buckeye" title="North American T-2 Buckeye">NA-291</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">NA-292</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">NA-293</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-2_Buckeye" title="North American T-2 Buckeye">NA-294</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_FJ-4_Fury" title="North American FJ-4 Fury">NA-295</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_A-5_Vigilante" title="North American A-5 Vigilante">NA-296</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">NA-297</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_A-5_Vigilante" title="North American A-5 Vigilante">NA-298</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGM-53_Condor" title="AGM-53 Condor">NA-299</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Rockwell_OV-10_Bronco" title="North American Rockwell OV-10 Bronco">NA-300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Rockwell_OV-10_Bronco" title="North American Rockwell OV-10 Bronco">NA-301</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Rockwell_OV-10_Bronco" title="North American Rockwell OV-10 Bronco">NA-302</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XB-70_Valkyrie" title="North American XB-70 Valkyrie">NA-303</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_2707" title="Boeing 2707">NA-304</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Rockwell_OV-10_Bronco" title="North American Rockwell OV-10 Bronco">NA-305</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">NA-306</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-28_Trojan" title="North American T-28 Trojan">NA-307</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">NA-308</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGM-53_Condor" title="AGM-53 Condor">NA-309</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-2_Buckeye" title="North American T-2 Buckeye">NA-310</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Rockwell_OV-10_Bronco" title="North American Rockwell OV-10 Bronco">NA-311</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Rockwell_OV-10_Bronco" title="North American Rockwell OV-10 Bronco">NA-312</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Rockwell_OV-10_Bronco" title="North American Rockwell OV-10 Bronco">NA-313</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-314&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-314 (page does not exist)">NA-314</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XB-70_Valkyrie" title="North American XB-70 Valkyrie">NA-315</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_A-5_Vigilante" title="North American A-5 Vigilante">NA-316</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Rockwell_OV-10_Bronco" title="North American Rockwell OV-10 Bronco">NA-317</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-2_Buckeye" title="North American T-2 Buckeye">NA-318</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-319&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-319 (page does not exist)">NA-319</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">NA-320</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Rockwell_OV-10_Bronco" title="North American Rockwell OV-10 Bronco">NA-321</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-322&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-322 (page does not exist)">NA-322</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-323&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-323 (page does not exist)">NA-323</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-323&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-323 (page does not exist)">NA-324</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-325&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-325 (page does not exist)">NA-325</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-326&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-326 (page does not exist)">NA-326</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">NA-327</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-323&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-323 (page does not exist)">NA-328</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-323&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-323 (page does not exist)">NA-329</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-323&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-323 (page does not exist)">NA-330</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-323&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-323 (page does not exist)">NA-331</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-2_Buckeye" title="North American T-2 Buckeye">NA-332</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-323&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-323 (page does not exist)">NA-333</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-334&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-334 (page does not exist)">NA-334</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_NA-335" title="North American NA-335">NA-335</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">NA-336</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-337&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-337 (page does not exist)">NA-337</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Rockwell_OV-10_Bronco" title="North American Rockwell OV-10 Bronco">NA-338</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-339&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-339 (page does not exist)">NA-339</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-2_Buckeye" title="North American T-2 Buckeye">NA-340</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-341&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-341 (page does not exist)">NA-341</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Rockwell_OV-10_Bronco" title="North American Rockwell OV-10 Bronco">NA-342</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">NA-343</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">NA-344</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">NA-345</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-2_Buckeye" title="North American T-2 Buckeye">NA-346</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-347&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-347 (page does not exist)">NA-347</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Rockwell_OV-10_Bronco" title="North American Rockwell OV-10 Bronco">NA-348</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_A-5_Vigilante" title="North American A-5 Vigilante">NA-349</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-350&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-350 (page does not exist)">NA-350</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-351&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-351 (page does not exist)">NA-351</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-2_Buckeye" title="North American T-2 Buckeye">NA-352</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-353&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-353 (page does not exist)">NA-353</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Rockwell_OV-10_Bronco" title="North American Rockwell OV-10 Bronco">NA-354</a></li> <li>NA-355</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwell_XFV-12" title="Rockwell XFV-12">NA-356</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-357&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-357 (page does not exist)">NA-357</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-2_Buckeye" title="North American T-2 Buckeye">NA-358</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-359&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-359 (page does not exist)">NA-359</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Rockwell_OV-10_Bronco" title="North American Rockwell OV-10 Bronco">NA-360</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-361&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-361 (page does not exist)">NA-361</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-362&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-362 (page does not exist)">NA-362</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-363&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-363 (page does not exist)">NA-363</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-364&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-364 (page does not exist)">NA-364</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-365&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-365 (page does not exist)">NA-365</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-366&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-366 (page does not exist)">NA-366</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-2_Buckeye" title="North American T-2 Buckeye">NA-367</a></li> <li>NA-368</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">NA-369</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">NA-370</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">NA-371</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">NA-372</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">NA-373</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">NA-374</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">NA-375</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">NA-376</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">NA-377</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">NA-378</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-379&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-379 (page does not exist)">NA-379</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">NA-380</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-381&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-381 (page does not exist)">NA-381</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">NA-382</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-383&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-383 (page does not exist)">NA-383</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-384&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-384 (page does not exist)">NA-384</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">NA-385</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">NA-386</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-387&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-387 (page does not exist)">NA-387</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-388&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-388 (page does not exist)">NA-388</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-389&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-389 (page does not exist)">NA-389</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">NA-390</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">NA-391</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">NA-392</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-393&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-393 (page does not exist)">NA-393</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-394&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-394 (page does not exist)">NA-394</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-395&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-395 (page does not exist)">NA-395</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-2_Buckeye" title="North American T-2 Buckeye">NA-396</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Rockwell_OV-10_Bronco" title="North American Rockwell OV-10 Bronco">NA-397</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-2_Buckeye" title="North American T-2 Buckeye">NA-398</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-399&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-399 (page does not exist)">NA-399</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-400&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-400 (page does not exist)">NA-400</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-401&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-401 (page does not exist)">NA-401</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">NA-402</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">NA-403</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Rockwell_OV-10_Bronco" title="North American Rockwell OV-10 Bronco">NA-404</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-2_Buckeye" title="North American T-2 Buckeye">NA-405</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-406&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-406 (page does not exist)">NA-406</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-407&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-407 (page does not exist)">NA-407</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-420&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-420 (page does not exist)">NA-420</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-420&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-420 (page does not exist)">NA-430</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_NA-420&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American NA-420 (page does not exist)">NA-431</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwell_B-1_Lancer" title="Rockwell B-1 Lancer">D481</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SM-64_Navaho" title="SM-64 Navaho">NA-704</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By role</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fighters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">P-51 Mustang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-64" title="North American P-64">P-64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-82_Twin_Mustang" title="North American F-82 Twin Mustang">F-82 Twin Mustang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">F-86</a>/<a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86D_Sabre" title="North American F-86D Sabre">F-86D Sabre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_YF-93" title="North American YF-93">YF-93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-100_Super_Sabre" title="North American F-100 Super Sabre">F-100 Super Sabre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-107" title="North American F-107">F-107</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XF-108_Rapier" title="North American XF-108 Rapier">XF-108 Rapier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_FJ-1_Fury" title="North American FJ-1 Fury">FJ-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_FJ-2/-3_Fury" title="North American FJ-2/-3 Fury">FJ-2/3 Fury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_FJ-4_Fury" title="North American FJ-4 Fury">FJ-4 Fury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_FJ-4_Fury" title="North American FJ-4 Fury">F-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwell_XFV-12" title="Rockwell XFV-12">XFV-12</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bombers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XB-21" title="North American XB-21">XB-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_B-25_Mitchell" title="North American B-25 Mitchell">B-25 Mitchell </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XB-28_Dragon" title="North American XB-28 Dragon">XB-28 Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_B-45_Tornado" title="North American B-45 Tornado">B-45 Tornado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SM-64_Navaho" title="SM-64 Navaho">B-64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XB-70_Valkyrie" title="North American XB-70 Valkyrie">XB-70 Valkyrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwell_B-1_Lancer" title="Rockwell B-1 Lancer">B-1 Lancer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attack</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_A-27" title="North American A-27">A-27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_A-36" title="North American A-36">A-36 "Mustang"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_AJ_Savage" title="North American AJ Savage">AJ Savage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XA2J_Super_Savage" title="North American XA2J Super Savage">XA2J Super Savage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_A-5_Vigilante" title="North American A-5 Vigilante">A3J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_AJ_Savage" title="North American AJ Savage">A-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_A-5_Vigilante" title="North American A-5 Vigilante">A-5 Vigilante</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_O-47" title="North American O-47">O-47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Navion" title="Ryan Navion">L-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Rockwell_OV-10_Bronco" title="North American Rockwell OV-10 Bronco">OV-10 Bronco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trainers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_NA-16" title="North American NA-16">NA-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_NA-35" title="North American NA-35">NA-35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_BT-9" title="North American BT-9">BT-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_BT-9" title="North American BT-9">BT-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_BT-9" title="North American BT-9">BT-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_NA-64_Yale" title="North American NA-64 Yale">Yale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">BC-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">Harvard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">BC-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">AT-6 Texan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">T-6 Texan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_BT-9" title="North American BT-9">NJ-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">SNJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XSN2J" title="North American XSN2J">XSN2J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-2_Buckeye" title="North American T-2 Buckeye">T2J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">T3J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-28_Trojan" title="North American T-28 Trojan">T-28 Trojan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">T-39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-2_Buckeye" title="North American T-2 Buckeye">T-2 Buckeye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwell_Ranger_2000" title="Rockwell Ranger 2000">Ranger 2000</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_NAC-60" title="North American NAC-60">NAC-60</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_MQM-42" title="North American MQM-42">MQM-42</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Experimental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_X-10" title="North American X-10">X-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_X-15" title="North American X-15">X-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwell_X-30" title="Rockwell X-30">X-30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwell-MBB_X-31" title="Rockwell-MBB X-31">X-31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwell_HiMAT" title="Rockwell HiMAT">HiMAT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Missiles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_AJ_Savage" title="North American AJ Savage">SSM-N-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SM-64_Navaho" title="SM-64 Navaho">SM-64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGM-28_Hound_Dog" title="AGM-28 Hound Dog">GAM-77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGM-28_Hound_Dog" title="AGM-28 Hound Dog">AGM-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGM-53_Condor" title="AGM-53 Condor">AGM-53</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spacecraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_command_and_service_module" title="Apollo command and service module">Apollo command and service module</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_DC-3" title="North American DC-3">DC-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_orbiter" title="Space Shuttle orbiter">Space Shuttle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By name</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_A-36" title="North American A-36">Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Rockwell_OV-10_Bronco" title="North American Rockwell OV-10 Bronco">Bronco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-2_Buckeye" title="North American T-2 Buckeye">Buckeye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_FJ_Fury" title="North American FJ Fury">Fury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">Harvard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwell_HiMAT" title="Rockwell HiMAT">HiMAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGM-28_Hound_Dog" title="AGM-28 Hound Dog">Hound Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_A-36" title="North American A-36">Invader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwell_B-1_Lancer" title="Rockwell B-1 Lancer">Lancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_B-25_Mitchell" title="North American B-25 Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">Mustang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SM-64_Navaho" title="SM-64 Navaho">Navaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Navion" title="Ryan Navion">Navion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwell_Ranger_2000" title="Rockwell Ranger 2000">Ranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XF-108_Rapier" title="North American XF-108 Rapier">Rapier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_MQM-42" title="North American MQM-42">Redhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_MQM-42" title="North American MQM-42">Roadrunner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">Sabre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86D_Sabre" title="North American F-86D Sabre">Sabre Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">Sabreliner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_AJ_Savage" title="North American AJ Savage">Savage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-100_Super_Sabre" title="North American F-100 Super Sabre">Super Sabre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XA2J_Super_Savage" title="North American XA2J Super Savage">Super Savage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_AJ_Savage" title="North American AJ Savage">Taurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">Texan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_B-45_Tornado" title="North American B-45 Tornado">Tornado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-64" title="North American P-64">Torito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-28_Trojan" title="North American T-28 Trojan">Trojan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-82_Twin_Mustang" title="North American F-82 Twin Mustang">Twin Mustang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XB-70_Valkyrie" title="North American XB-70 Valkyrie">Valkyrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_A-5_Vigilante" title="North American A-5 Vigilante">Vigilante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_BT-9" title="North American BT-9">Yale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Aero_Commander" title="Aero Commander">Aero Commander</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Designation_sequences_for_this_aircraft:" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Designation_sequences_for_this_aircraft:" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Designation sequences for this aircraft:</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="USAAS/USAAC/USAAF/USAF_bomber_designations,_Army/Air_Force_and_Tri-Service_systems" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USAF_bomber_aircraft" title="Template:USAF bomber aircraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USAF_bomber_aircraft" title="Template talk:USAF bomber aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USAF_bomber_aircraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USAF bomber aircraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="USAAS/USAAC/USAAF/USAF_bomber_designations,_Army/Air_Force_and_Tri-Service_systems" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Service" title="United States Army Air Service">USAAS</a>/<a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Corps" title="United States Army Air Corps">USAAC</a>/<a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">USAAF</a>/<a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">USAF</a> bomber designations, Army/Air Force and <a href="/wiki/1962_United_States_Tri-Service_aircraft_designation_system" title="1962 United States Tri-Service aircraft designation system">Tri-Service</a> systems</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Original sequences<br />(1924–1930)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Light bomber</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huff-Daland_LB-1" title="Huff-Daland LB-1">LB-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_F-10" title="Fokker F-10">LB-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keystone_XLB-3" title="Keystone XLB-3">LB-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_XLB-4" title="Martin XLB-4">LB-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keystone_LB-5" title="Keystone LB-5">LB-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keystone_LB-6" title="Keystone LB-6">LB-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keystone_LB-6" title="Keystone LB-6">LB-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keystone_LB-6" title="Keystone LB-6">LB-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keystone_LB-6" title="Keystone LB-6">LB-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keystone_B-3" title="Keystone B-3">LB-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keystone_LB-6" title="Keystone LB-6">LB-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keystone_LB-6" title="Keystone LB-6">LB-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keystone_B-4" title="Keystone B-4">LB-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keystone_B-5" title="Keystone B-5">LB-14</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medium bomber</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huff-Daland_XB-1" title="Huff-Daland XB-1">B-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_B-2_Condor" title="Curtiss B-2 Condor">B-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heavy bomber</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huff-Daland_XHB-1" title="Huff-Daland XHB-1">HB-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_XHB-2" title="Fokker XHB-2">HB-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huff-Daland_XHB-3" title="Huff-Daland XHB-3">HB-3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main sequence<br />(1930–1962)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huff-Daland_XB-1" title="Huff-Daland XB-1">B-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_B-2_Condor" title="Curtiss B-2 Condor">B-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keystone_B-3" title="Keystone B-3">B-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keystone_B-4" title="Keystone B-4">B-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keystone_B-5" title="Keystone B-5">B-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keystone_B-6" title="Keystone B-6">B-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Y1B-7" title="Douglas Y1B-7">B-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_XB-8" title="Fokker XB-8">B-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_YB-9" title="Boeing YB-9">B-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_B-10" title="Martin B-10">B-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_YOA-5" title="Douglas YOA-5">B-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_B-10" title="Martin B-10">B-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_B-10" title="Martin B-10">B-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_B-10" title="Martin B-10">B-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XB-15" title="Boeing XB-15">B-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_XB-16" title="Martin XB-16">B-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-17_Flying_Fortress" title="Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress">B-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_B-18_Bolo" title="Douglas B-18 Bolo">B-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_XB-19" title="Douglas XB-19">B-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Y1B-20" title="Boeing Y1B-20">B-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XB-21" title="North American XB-21">B-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_B-18_Bolo" title="Douglas B-18 Bolo">B-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_B-23_Dragon" title="Douglas B-23 Dragon">B-23</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">B-24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_B-25_Mitchell" title="North American B-25 Mitchell">B-25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_B-26_Marauder" title="Martin B-26 Marauder">B-26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_XB-27" title="Martin XB-27">B-27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XB-28_Dragon" title="North American XB-28 Dragon">B-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-29_Superfortress" title="Boeing B-29 Superfortress">B-29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-50_Superfortress" title="Boeing B-50 Superfortress">B-29D</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XB-30" title="Lockheed XB-30">B-30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_XB-31" title="Douglas XB-31">B-31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_B-32_Dominator" title="Consolidated B-32 Dominator">B-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_XB-33_Super_Marauder" title="Martin XB-33 Super Marauder">B-33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Ventura" title="Lockheed Ventura">B-34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_YB-35" title="Northrop YB-35">B-35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_B-36_Peacemaker" title="Convair B-36 Peacemaker">B-36</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convair_YB-60" title="Convair YB-60">B-36G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_NB-36H" title="Convair NB-36H">NB-36H</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Ventura" title="Lockheed Ventura">B-37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XB-38_Flying_Fortress" title="Boeing XB-38 Flying Fortress">B-38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XB-39_Superfortress" title="Boeing XB-39 Superfortress">B-39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_YB-40_Flying_Fortress" title="Boeing YB-40 Flying Fortress">B-40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_XB-41_Liberator" title="Consolidated XB-41 Liberator">B-41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_XB-42_Mixmaster" title="Douglas XB-42 Mixmaster">B-42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_XB-43_Jetmaster" title="Douglas XB-43 Jetmaster">B-43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-50_Superfortress" title="Boeing B-50 Superfortress">B-44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_B-45_Tornado" title="North American B-45 Tornado">B-45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_XB-46" title="Convair XB-46">B-46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-47_Stratojet" title="Boeing B-47 Stratojet">B-47</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XB-56" title="Boeing XB-56">B-47C</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_XB-48" title="Martin XB-48">B-48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_YB-49" title="Northrop YB-49">B-49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-50_Superfortress" title="Boeing B-50 Superfortress">B-50</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-54" title="Boeing B-54">B-50C</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_XB-51" title="Martin XB-51">B-51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-52_Stratofortress" title="Boeing B-52 Stratofortress">B-52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_XB-53" title="Convair XB-53">B-53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-54" title="Boeing B-54">B-54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XB-55" title="Boeing XB-55">B-55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XB-56" title="Boeing XB-56">B-56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_B-57_Canberra" title="Martin B-57 Canberra">B-57</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_RB-57D_Canberra" title="Martin RB-57D Canberra">RB-57D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin/General_Dynamics_RB-57F_Canberra" title="Martin/General Dynamics RB-57F Canberra">RB-57F</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_B-58_Hustler" title="Convair B-58 Hustler">B-58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XB-59" title="Boeing XB-59">B-59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_YB-60" title="Convair YB-60">B-60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM-1_Matador" title="MGM-1 Matador">B-61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SM-62_Snark" title="SM-62 Snark">B-62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAM-63_RASCAL" title="GAM-63 RASCAL">B-63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SM-64_Navaho" title="SM-64 Navaho">B-64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SM-65_Atlas" title="SM-65 Atlas">B-65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_B-66_Destroyer" title="Douglas B-66 Destroyer">B-66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAM-67_Crossbow" title="GAM-67 Crossbow">B-67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_XB-68" title="Martin XB-68">B-68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-2_Neptune" title="Lockheed P-2 Neptune">B-69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XB-70_Valkyrie" title="North American XB-70 Valkyrie">B-70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_SR-71_Blackbird" title="Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird">B-71</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Long-range bomber<br />(1935–1936)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XB-15" title="Boeing XB-15">BLR-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_XB-19" title="Douglas XB-19">BLR-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_XBLR-3" title="Sikorsky XBLR-3">BLR-3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tri-Service sequence<br />(1962–current)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rockwell_B-1_Lancer" title="Rockwell B-1 Lancer">B-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_B-2_Spirit" title="Northrop B-2 Spirit">B-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-sequential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Redesignated A-series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-20_Havoc" title="Douglas A-20 Havoc">B-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-26_Invader" title="Douglas A-26 Invader">B-26</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fighter-bomber, in F-series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_FB-22" title="Lockheed Martin FB-22">FB-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-111_Aardvark" title="General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark">FB-111</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_B-21_Raider" title="Northrop Grumman B-21 Raider">B-21</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_military_reconnaissance_aircraft_designations,_Army/Air_Force_and_1962_Tri-Service_systems" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_reconnaissance_aircraft" title="Template:US reconnaissance aircraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_reconnaissance_aircraft" title="Template talk:US reconnaissance aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_reconnaissance_aircraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US reconnaissance aircraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_military_reconnaissance_aircraft_designations,_Army/Air_Force_and_1962_Tri-Service_systems" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">United States military <a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_aircraft" title="Reconnaissance aircraft">reconnaissance aircraft</a> designations, Army/Air Force and <a href="/wiki/1962_United_States_Tri-Service_aircraft_designation_system" title="1962 United States Tri-Service aircraft designation system">1962 Tri-Service</a> systems</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Army/Air Force main sequence<br />(1930–1962)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prefix F-, 1930–1947</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_71" title="Fairchild 71">F-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Model_18" title="Beechcraft Model 18">F-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-20_Havoc" title="Douglas A-20 Havoc">F-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-38_Lightning" title="Lockheed P-38 Lightning">F-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-38_Lightning" title="Lockheed P-38 Lightning">F-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">F-6</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">F-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Mosquito" title="De Havilland Mosquito">F-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Boeing_B-17_Flying_Fortress_variants#F-9_Flying_Fortress" title="List of Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress variants">F-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_B-25_Mitchell" title="North American B-25 Mitchell">F-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hughes_XF-11" title="Hughes XF-11">F-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_XF-12_Rainbow" title="Republic XF-12 Rainbow">F-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-29_Superfortress" title="Boeing B-29 Superfortress">F-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-80_Shooting_Star" title="Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star">F-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-15_Reporter" title="Northrop F-15 Reporter">F-15</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prefix R-, 1947–1962</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hughes_XF-11" title="Hughes XF-11">R-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_XF-12_Rainbow" title="Republic XF-12 Rainbow">R-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-52_Stratofortress" title="Boeing B-52 Stratofortress">R-16</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reconnaissance/strike sequence<br />(1960–1962)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XB-70_Valkyrie" title="North American XB-70 Valkyrie">RS-70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_SR-71_Blackbird" title="Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird">RS-71</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Strategic reconnaissance sequence<br />(1964–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_SR-71_Blackbird" title="Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird">SR-71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_SR-72" title="Lockheed Martin SR-72">SR-72</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tri-Service main sequence<br />(1962–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_U-2" title="Lockheed U-2">R-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reconnaissance subtypes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Converted fighters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-4_Phantom_II" title="McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II">RF-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vought_F-8_Crusader" title="Vought F-8 Crusader">RF-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-80_Shooting_Star" title="Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star">RF-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_F-101_Voodoo" title="McDonnell F-101 Voodoo">RF-101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-104_Starfighter" title="Lockheed F-104 Starfighter">RF-104</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Converted bombers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Boeing_B-17_Flying_Fortress_variants" title="List of Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress variants">RB-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-29_Superfortress" title="Boeing B-29 Superfortress">RB-29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-47_Stratojet" title="Boeing B-47 Stratojet">RB-47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-52_Stratofortress" title="Boeing B-52 Stratofortress">RB-52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_B-57_Canberra" title="Martin B-57 Canberra">RB-57</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_RB-57D_Canberra" title="Martin RB-57D Canberra">RB-57D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin/General_Dynamics_RB-57F_Canberra" title="Martin/General Dynamics RB-57F Canberra">RB-57F</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_B-66_Destroyer" title="Douglas B-66 Destroyer">RB-66</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_trainer_aircraft_designations,_Army/Air_Force_and_Tri-Service_systems" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USAF_trainer_aircraft" title="Template:USAF trainer aircraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USAF_trainer_aircraft" title="Template talk:USAF trainer aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USAF_trainer_aircraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USAF trainer aircraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_trainer_aircraft_designations,_Army/Air_Force_and_Tri-Service_systems" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">United States <a href="/wiki/Trainer_aircraft" title="Trainer aircraft">trainer aircraft</a> designations, Army/Air Force and <a href="/wiki/1962_United_States_Tri-Service_aircraft_designation_system" title="1962 United States Tri-Service aircraft designation system">Tri-Service</a> systems</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advanced trainer<br />(1925–1948)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huff-Daland_TW-5" title="Huff-Daland TW-5">AT-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huff-Daland_TW-5" title="Huff-Daland TW-5">AT-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Model_15" title="Boeing Model 15">AT-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-1_Hawk" title="Curtiss P-1 Hawk">AT-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-1_Hawk" title="Curtiss P-1 Hawk">AT-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">AT-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Model_18" title="Beechcraft Model 18">AT-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_AT-17_Bobcat" title="Cessna AT-17 Bobcat">AT-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss-Wright_AT-9_Jeep" title="Curtiss-Wright AT-9 Jeep">AT-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_AT-10_Wichita" title="Beechcraft AT-10 Wichita">AT-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Model_18" title="Beechcraft Model 18">AT-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seversky_A8V" title="Seversky A8V">AT-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_AT-21_Gunner" title="Fairchild AT-21 Gunner">AT-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_AT-21_Gunner" title="Fairchild AT-21 Gunner">AT-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XAT-15" title="Boeing XAT-15">AT-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">AT-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_AT-17_Bobcat" title="Cessna AT-17 Bobcat">AT-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Hudson" title="Lockheed Hudson">AT-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stinson_Reliant" title="Stinson Reliant">AT-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avro_Anson" title="Avro Anson">AT-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_AT-21_Gunner" title="Fairchild AT-21 Gunner">AT-21</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">AT-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_B-26_Marauder" title="Martin B-26 Marauder">AT-23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_B-25_Mitchell" title="North American B-25 Mitchell">AT-24</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basic combat<br />(1936–1940)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">BC-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">BC-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vultee_BT-13_Valiant" title="Vultee BT-13 Valiant">BC-3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basic trainer<br />(1930–1948)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_O-2" title="Douglas O-2">BT-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_O-2" title="Douglas O-2">BT-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stearman_Cloudboy" title="Stearman Cloudboy">BT-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_Falcon" title="Curtiss Falcon">BT-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stearman_Cloudboy" title="Stearman Cloudboy">BT-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PT-11" title="Consolidated PT-11">BT-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PT-11" title="Consolidated PT-11">BT-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seversky_SEV-3" title="Seversky SEV-3">BT-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_BT-9" title="North American BT-9">BT-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_BT-9" title="North American BT-9">BT-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_Research_BT-11" title="Aircraft Research BT-11">BT-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleetwings_BT-12_Sophomore" title="Fleetwings BT-12 Sophomore">BT-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vultee_BT-13_Valiant" title="Vultee BT-13 Valiant">BT-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_BT-9" title="North American BT-9">BT-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vultee_BT-13_Valiant" title="Vultee BT-13 Valiant">BT-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vultee_BT-13_Valiant" title="Vultee BT-13 Valiant">BT-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stearman_XBT-17" title="Stearman XBT-17">BT-17</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary trainer<br />(1924–1948)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PT-1_Trusty" title="Consolidated PT-1 Trusty">PT-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PT-1_Trusty" title="Consolidated PT-1 Trusty">PT-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PT-3" title="Consolidated PT-3">PT-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PT-3" title="Consolidated PT-3">PT-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PT-3" title="Consolidated PT-3">PT-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_Model_1" title="Fleet Model 1">PT-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_M-1-C" title="Mohawk M-1-C">PT-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_O-17_Courier" title="Consolidated O-17 Courier">PT-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stearman_Cloudboy" title="Stearman Cloudboy">PT-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verville_Sport_Trainer_AT" title="Verville Sport Trainer AT">PT-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PT-11" title="Consolidated PT-11">PT-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PT-11" title="Consolidated PT-11">PT-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing-Stearman_Model_75" title="Boeing-Stearman Model 75">PT-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waco_F_series" title="Waco F series">PT-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_YPT-15" title="St. Louis YPT-15">PT-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_ST" title="Ryan ST">PT-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing-Stearman_Model_75" title="Boeing-Stearman Model 75">PT-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing-Stearman_Model_75" title="Boeing-Stearman Model 75">PT-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_PT-19" title="Fairchild PT-19">PT-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_ST" title="Ryan ST">PT-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_ST" title="Ryan ST">PT-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_PT-22_Recruit" title="Ryan PT-22 Recruit">PT-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_PT-19" title="Fairchild PT-19">PT-23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Tiger_Moth" title="De Havilland Tiger Moth">PT-24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_ST" title="Ryan ST">PT-25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_PT-19" title="Fairchild PT-19">PT-26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing-Stearman_Model_75" title="Boeing-Stearman Model 75">PT-27</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main sequence<br />(1948–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1948 redesignations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">T-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Model_18" title="Beechcraft Model 18">T-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Model_18" title="Beechcraft Model 18">T-11</a></li> <li>T-13<sup><small>2</small></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vultee_BT-13_Valiant" title="Vultee BT-13 Valiant">T-13A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing-Stearman_Model_75" title="Boeing-Stearman Model 75">T-13B/D</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing-Stearman_Model_75" title="Boeing-Stearman Model 75">T-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_PT-19" title="Fairchild PT-19">T-19</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New designations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-28_Trojan" title="North American T-28 Trojan">T-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_C-131_Samaritan" title="Convair C-131 Samaritan">T-29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_XT-30" title="Douglas XT-30">T-30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_XNQ" title="Fairchild XNQ">T-31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_C-131_Samaritan" title="Convair C-131 Samaritan">T-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_T-33" title="Lockheed T-33">T-33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_T-34_Mentor" title="Beechcraft T-34 Mentor">T-34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temco_T-35_Buckaroo" title="Temco T-35 Buckaroo">T-35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_XT-36" title="Beechcraft XT-36">T-36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_T-37_Tweet" title="Cessna T-37 Tweet">T-37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_T-38_Talon" title="Northrop T-38 Talon">T-38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">T-39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_JetStar" title="Lockheed JetStar">T-40</a></li> <li>T-41<sup><small>2</small></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_Gulfstream_I" title="Grumman Gulfstream I">T-41 (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_T-41_Mescalero" title="Cessna T-41 Mescalero">T-41 (II)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Baron" title="Beechcraft Baron">T-42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_T-43" title="Boeing T-43">T-43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_King_Air" title="Beechcraft King Air">T-44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_T-45_Goshawk" title="McDonnell Douglas T-45 Goshawk">T-45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_T-46" title="Fairchild T-46">T-46</a></li> <li>T-47<sup><small>2</small></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_Citation_II" title="Cessna Citation II">T-47A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_Citation_V" title="Cessna Citation V">OT-47B</a></li></ul></li> <li>T-48<sup><small>2</small></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_T-37_Tweet" title="Cessna T-37 Tweet">YT-48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-48_MPATS" title="T-48 MPATS">T-48TS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-137_Stratoliner" title="Boeing C-137 Stratoliner">T-49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KAI_T-50_Golden_Eagle" title="KAI T-50 Golden Eagle">T-50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_150" title="Cessna 150">T-51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_DA40_Diamond_Star" title="Diamond DA40 Diamond Star">T-52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirrus_SR20" title="Cirrus SR20">T-53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Super_King_Air" title="Beechcraft Super King Air">T-54</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alternate sequences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1962 redesignations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_T2V_SeaStar" title="Lockheed T2V SeaStar">T-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-2_Buckeye" title="North American T-2 Buckeye">T-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Since 1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raytheon_T-1_Jayhawk" title="Raytheon T-1 Jayhawk">T-1</a></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">T-2</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slingsby_T67_Firefly" title="Slingsby T67 Firefly">T-3</a></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">T-4</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">T-5</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_T-6_Texan_II" title="Beechcraft T-6 Texan II">T-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing%E2%80%93Saab_T-7_Red_Hawk" title="Boeing–Saab T-7 Red Hawk">T-7</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup> Not assigned  •  <sup>2</sup> Assigned to multiple types</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_unmanned_aircraft" title="Template:US unmanned aircraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_unmanned_aircraft" title="Template talk:US unmanned aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_unmanned_aircraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US unmanned aircraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="USAAF/USAF_UAV_designations_1924–1962,_tri-service_designations_1962–present" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">USAAF</a>/<a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">USAF</a> <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">UAV</a> designations 1924–1962, <a href="/wiki/1962_United_States_Tri-Service_aircraft_designation_system" title="1962 United States Tri-Service aircraft designation system">tri-service</a> designations 1962–present</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">USAAF designations<br /><small>(1924-1947)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Controllable bombs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fleetwings_BQ-1" title="Fleetwings BQ-1">BQ-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleetwings_BQ-2" title="Fleetwings BQ-2">BQ-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_BQ-3" title="Fairchild BQ-3">BQ-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_TDR" title="Interstate TDR">BQ-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_TDR" title="Interstate TDR">BQ-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_TDR" title="Interstate TDR">BQ-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-17_Flying_Fortress" title="Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress">BQ-7</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">BQ-8</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Target control aircraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fletcher_FBT-2" title="Fletcher FBT-2">CQ-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stinson_L-1_Vigilant" title="Stinson L-1 Vigilant">CQ-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Model_18" title="Beechcraft Model 18">CQ-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-17_Flying_Fortress" title="Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress">CQ-4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aerial target (subscale)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">OQ-1</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioplane_OQ-2" title="Radioplane OQ-2">OQ-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioplane_OQ-2" title="Radioplane OQ-2">OQ-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunswick-Balke-Collender_OQ-4" title="Brunswick-Balke-Collender OQ-4">OQ-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OQ-5" title="OQ-5">OQ-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioplane_OQ-6" title="Radioplane OQ-6">OQ-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioplane_OQ-2" title="Radioplane OQ-2">OQ-7</a></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">OQ-8</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">OQ-9</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">OQ-10</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simmonds_Aerocessories_OQ-11" title="Simmonds Aerocessories OQ-11">OQ-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioplane_OQ-12" title="Radioplane OQ-12">OQ-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioplane_OQ-2" title="Radioplane OQ-2">OQ-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioplane_OQ-2" title="Radioplane OQ-2">OQ-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OQ-15" title="OQ-15">OQ-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfort_OQ-16" title="Frankfort OQ-16">OQ-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioplane_OQ-17" title="Radioplane OQ-17">OQ-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OQ-18" title="OQ-18">OQ-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioplane_BTT" title="Radioplane BTT">OQ-19</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aerial target (full-scale)<sup><small>2</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fleetwings_A-1" title="Fleetwings A-1">A-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioplane_OQ-2" title="Radioplane OQ-2">A-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_Fledgling" title="Curtiss Fledgling">A-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_O-2" title="Douglas O-2">A-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_P-12" title="Boeing P-12">A-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_O-38" title="Douglas O-38">A-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_P-39_Airacobra" title="Bell P-39 Airacobra">A-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culver_Cadet" title="Culver Cadet">A-8/PQ-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culver_Cadet" title="Culver Cadet">PQ-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culver_PQ-10" title="Culver PQ-10">PQ-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fletcher_FBT-2" title="Fletcher FBT-2">PQ-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleetwings_PQ-12" title="Fleetwings PQ-12">PQ-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERCO_Ercoupe" title="ERCO Ercoupe">PQ-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culver_PQ-14_Cadet" title="Culver PQ-14 Cadet">PQ-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culver_XPQ-15" title="Culver XPQ-15">PQ-15</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">USAF designations<br /><small>(1948-1962)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radioplane_Q-1" title="Radioplane Q-1">Q-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Firebee" title="Ryan Firebee">Q-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioplane_Q-1" title="Radioplane Q-1">Q-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_AQM-35" title="Northrop AQM-35">Q-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_AQM-60_Kingfisher" title="Lockheed AQM-60 Kingfisher">Q-5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WADC_XQ-6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WADC XQ-6 (page does not exist)">Q-6</a></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">Q-7</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culver_Cadet" title="Culver Cadet">Q-8</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WADC_XQ-9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WADC XQ-9 (page does not exist)">Q-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioplane_BTT" title="Radioplane BTT">Q-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XF-108_Rapier" title="North American XF-108 Rapier">Q-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_AQM-37_Jayhawk" title="Beechcraft AQM-37 Jayhawk">Q-12</a></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">Q-13</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culver_PQ-14_Cadet" title="Culver PQ-14 Cadet">Q-14</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tri-service designations<br /><small>(1962-present)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Atomics_MQ-1_Predator" title="General Atomics MQ-1 Predator">Q-1</a>/<a href="/wiki/General_Atomics_MQ-1C_Gray_Eagle" title="General Atomics MQ-1C Gray Eagle">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AAI_RQ-2_Pioneer" title="AAI RQ-2 Pioneer">Q-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_RQ-3_DarkStar" title="Lockheed Martin RQ-3 DarkStar">Q-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_RQ-4_Global_Hawk" title="Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global Hawk">Q-4</a>/<a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_MQ-4C_Triton" title="Northrop Grumman MQ-4C Triton">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IAI_RQ-5_Hunter" title="IAI RQ-5 Hunter">Q-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliant_RQ-6_Outrider" title="Alliant RQ-6 Outrider">Q-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AAI_RQ-7_Shadow" title="AAI RQ-7 Shadow">Q-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_MQ-8_Fire_Scout" title="Northrop Grumman MQ-8 Fire Scout">Q-8</a>/<a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_MQ-8C_Fire_Scout" title="Northrop Grumman MQ-8C Fire Scout">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Atomics_MQ-9_Reaper" title="General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper">Q-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMIST_CQ-10_SnowGoose" title="MMIST CQ-10 SnowGoose">Q-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AeroVironment_RQ-11_Raven" title="AeroVironment RQ-11 Raven">Q-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AeroVironment_Wasp_III" title="AeroVironment Wasp III">Q-12</a></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">Q-13</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AeroVironment_RQ-14_Dragon_Eye" title="AeroVironment RQ-14 Dragon Eye">Q-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DRS_RQ-15_Neptune" title="DRS RQ-15 Neptune">Q-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honeywell_RQ-16_T-Hawk" title="Honeywell RQ-16 T-Hawk">Q-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTC_MQ-17_SpyHawk" title="MTC MQ-17 SpyHawk">Q-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_A160_Hummingbird" title="Boeing A160 Hummingbird">Q-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AAI_Aerosonde" title="AAI Aerosonde">Q-19</a></li> <li>Q-20<sup><small>3</small></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AeroVironment_RQ-20_Puma" title="AeroVironment RQ-20 Puma">RQ-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Atomics_MQ-20_Avenger" title="General Atomics MQ-20 Avenger">MQ-20</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Insitu_RQ-21_Blackjack" title="Boeing Insitu RQ-21 Blackjack">Q-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AeroVironment_Global_Observer" title="AeroVironment Global Observer">Q-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASC_TigerShark_XP" title="NASC TigerShark XP">Q-23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaman_K-MAX" title="Kaman K-MAX">Q-24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_MQ-25_Stingray" title="Boeing MQ-25 Stingray">Q-25</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aeronautics_RQ-26_Aerostar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aeronautics RQ-26 Aerostar (page does not exist)">Q-26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Insitu_ScanEagle" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing Insitu ScanEagle">Q-27</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skydio_X2D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skydio X2D (page does not exist)">Q-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipistrel_Sinus" title="Pipistrel Sinus">Q-29</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-sequential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shield_AI_MQ-35A_V-BAT" title="Shield AI MQ-35A V-BAT">Q-35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kratos_XQ-58_Valkyrie" title="Kratos XQ-58 Valkyrie">Q-58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Atomics_XQ-67A" title="General Atomics XQ-67A">Q-67</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northrop_Grumman_XRQ-72_Great_Horned_Owl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northrop Grumman XRQ-72 Great Horned Owl (page does not exist)">Q-72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_XRQ-73_SHEPARD" title="Northrop Grumman XRQ-73 SHEPARD">Q-73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_RQ-170_Sentinel" title="Lockheed Martin RQ-170 Sentinel">Q-170</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup> Not assigned</li> <li><sup>2</sup> Not to be confused with the <a href="/wiki/Template:USAF_attack_aircraft" title="Template:USAF attack aircraft">Attack</a> or <a href="/wiki/Template:USAF_amphibious_aircraft" title="Template:USAF amphibious aircraft">Amphibious aircraft sequences</a>.</li> <li><sup>3</sup> Assigned to multiple types</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:US_missiles" title="Template:US missiles">Drones designated in missile sequence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="USN/USMC_patrol_aircraft_designations_1923–1962" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USN_patrol_aircraft" title="Template:USN patrol aircraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USN_patrol_aircraft" title="Template talk:USN patrol aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USN_patrol_aircraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USN patrol aircraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="USN/USMC_patrol_aircraft_designations_1923–1962" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">USN</a>/<a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">USMC</a> patrol aircraft designations 1923–1962</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Patrol</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:14em"><a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XPB" title="Boeing XPB">PB (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-17_Flying_Fortress" title="Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress">PB (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-29_Superfortress" title="Boeing B-29 Superfortress">P2B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XP3B" title="Boeing XP3B">P3B</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:14em"><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_Aeroplane_and_Motor_Company" title="Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company">Curtiss</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_NC" title="Curtiss NC">P2N</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:14em"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Aircraft_Company" title="Douglas Aircraft Company">Douglas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Aircraft_Factory_PN" title="Naval Aircraft Factory PN">PD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_T2D" title="Douglas T2D">P2D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_XP3D" title="Douglas XP3D">P3D</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:14em"><a href="/wiki/Grumman" title="Grumman">Grumman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_HU-16_Albatross" title="Grumman HU-16 Albatross">PF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:14em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hall_Aircraft_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hall Aircraft Company (page does not exist)">Hall</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hall_PH" title="Hall PH">PH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_XP2H" title="Hall XP2H">P2H</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:14em"><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Aircraft" title="Atlantic Aircraft">General Aviation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Aviation_PJ" title="General Aviation PJ">PJ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:14em"><a href="/wiki/Keystone_Aircraft" title="Keystone Aircraft">Keystone</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Aircraft_Factory_PN" title="Naval Aircraft Factory PN">PK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:14em"><a href="/wiki/Glenn_L._Martin_Company" title="Glenn L. Martin Company">Martin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Aircraft_Factory_PN" title="Naval Aircraft Factory PN">PM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_P2Y" title="Consolidated P2Y">P2M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_P2Y" title="Consolidated P2Y">P3M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_P4M_Mercator" title="Martin P4M Mercator">P4M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_P5M_Marlin" title="Martin P5M Marlin">P5M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_P6M_SeaMaster" title="Martin P6M SeaMaster">P6M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_P7M_SubMaster" title="Martin P7M SubMaster">P7M</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:14em"><a href="/wiki/Naval_Aircraft_Factory" title="Naval Aircraft Factory">Naval Aircraft Factory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Aircraft_Factory_PN" title="Naval Aircraft Factory PN">PN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Aircraft_Factory_PN" title="Naval Aircraft Factory PN">P2N</a></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">P3N</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Aircraft_Factory_PN" title="Naval Aircraft Factory PN">P4N</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:14em"><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Corporation" title="Lockheed Corporation">Lockheed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_EC-121_Warning_Star" title="Lockheed EC-121 Warning Star">PO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:14em"><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_Aircraft" title="Sikorsky Aircraft">Sikorsky</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-38" title="Sikorsky S-38">PS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_XP2S" title="Sikorsky XP2S">P2S</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:14em"><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Corporation" title="Lockheed Corporation">Lockheed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Ventura" title="Lockheed Ventura">PV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-2_Neptune" title="Lockheed P-2 Neptune">P2V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-3_Orion" title="Lockheed P-3 Orion">P3V</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:14em"><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Aircraft" title="Consolidated Aircraft">Consolidated</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Commodore" title="Consolidated Commodore">PY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_P2Y" title="Consolidated P2Y">P2Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PBY_Catalina" title="Consolidated PBY Catalina">P3Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_XP4Y_Corregidor" title="Consolidated XP4Y Corregidor">P4Y-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PB4Y-2_Privateer" title="Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer">P4Y-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_R3Y_Tradewind" title="Convair R3Y Tradewind">P5Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_XP6Y" title="Convair XP6Y">P6Y</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Patrol Bomber</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:14em"><a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XPBB_Sea_Ranger" title="Boeing XPBB Sea Ranger">PBB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PBY_Catalina" title="Consolidated PBY Catalina">PB2B</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:14em"><a href="/wiki/North_American_Aviation" title="North American Aviation">North American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_B-25_Mitchell" title="North American B-25 Mitchell">PBJ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:14em"><a href="/wiki/Glenn_L._Martin_Company" title="Glenn L. Martin Company">Martin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_PBM_Mariner" title="Martin PBM Mariner">PBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_JRM_Mars" title="Martin JRM Mars">PB2M</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:14em"><a href="/wiki/Naval_Aircraft_Factory" title="Naval Aircraft Factory">Naval Aircraft Factory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PBY_Catalina" title="Consolidated PBY Catalina">PBN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:14em"><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Corporation" title="Lockheed Corporation">Lockheed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Hudson" title="Lockheed Hudson">PBO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:14em"><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_Aircraft" title="Sikorsky Aircraft">Sikorsky</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_VS-44" title="Sikorsky VS-44">PBS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:14em"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Vickers" title="Canadian Vickers">Canadian Vickers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PBY_Catalina" title="Consolidated PBY Catalina">PBV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:14em"><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Aircraft" title="Consolidated Aircraft">Consolidated</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PBY_Catalina" title="Consolidated PBY Catalina">PBY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PB2Y_Coronado" title="Consolidated PB2Y Coronado">PB2Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_XPB3Y" title="Consolidated XPB3Y">PB3Y</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">PB4Y-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PB4Y-2_Privateer" title="Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer">PB4Y-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Patrol Torpedo Bomber</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Hall" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:14em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hall_Aluminum_Aircraft_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hall Aluminum Aircraft Corporation (page does not exist)">Hall</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hall_XPTBH" title="Hall XPTBH">PTBH</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup> Not assigned · <sup>2</sup> Designation reused</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Australian_Defence_Force_aircraft_serial-number_prefixes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ADF_aircraft_prefixes" title="Template:ADF aircraft prefixes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ADF_aircraft_prefixes" title="Template talk:ADF aircraft prefixes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ADF_aircraft_prefixes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ADF aircraft prefixes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Australian_Defence_Force_aircraft_serial-number_prefixes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Defence_Force" title="Australian Defence Force">Australian Defence Force</a> aircraft serial-number prefixes</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate prefixes not used.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_the_Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="List of aircraft of the Royal Australian Air Force">RAAF Series One<br /><span class="nobold">1921–34</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airco_DH.9" title="Airco DH.9">A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Aircraft_Factory_S.E.5" title="Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5">A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avro_504" title="Avro 504">A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Pup" title="Sopwith Pup">A4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Wapiti" title="Westland Wapiti">A5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airco_DH.9" title="Airco DH.9">A6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_DH.60_Moth" title="De Havilland DH.60 Moth">A7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_DH.50" title="De Havilland DH.50">A8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Seagull_(1921)" title="Supermarine Seagull (1921)">A9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_III" title="Fairey III">A10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Southampton" title="Supermarine Southampton">A11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Bulldog" title="Bristol Bulldog">A12</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_the_Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="List of aircraft of the Royal Australian Air Force">RAAF Series Two<br /><span class="nobold">1935–63</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hart" title="Hawker Hart">A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Walrus" title="Supermarine Walrus">A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAC_Wackett" title="CAC Wackett">A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avro_Anson" title="Avro Anson">A4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Wapiti" title="Westland Wapiti">A5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avro_643_Cadet" title="Avro 643 Cadet">A6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_DH.60_Moth" title="De Havilland DH.60 Moth">A7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Beaufighter" title="Bristol Beaufighter">A8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Beaufort" title="Bristol Beaufort">A9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_DH.50" title="De Havilland DH.50">A10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylorcraft_Auster" title="Taylorcraft Auster">A11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Bulldog" title="Bristol Bulldog">A12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_Trainer" title="Link Trainer">A13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tugan_Gannet" title="Tugan Gannet">A14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Magister" title="Miles Magister">A15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Hudson" title="Lockheed Hudson">A16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Tiger_Moth" title="De Havilland Tiger Moth">A17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Empire" title="Short Empire">A18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Beaufighter" title="Bristol Beaufighter">A19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAC_Wirraway" title="CAC Wirraway">A20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Moth_Minor" title="De Havilland Moth Minor">A21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Battle" title="Fairey Battle">A22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAC_Woomera" title="CAC Woomera">A23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PBY_Catalina" title="Consolidated PBY Catalina">A24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Oxford" title="Airspeed Oxford">A25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sunderland" title="Short Sunderland">A26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vultee_A-31_Vengeance" title="Vultee A-31 Vengeance">A27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-20_Havoc" title="Douglas A-20 Havoc">A28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-40_Warhawk" title="Curtiss P-40 Warhawk">A29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-2" title="Douglas DC-2">A30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">A30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Express" title="De Havilland Express">A31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percival_Vega_Gull" title="Percival Vega Gull">A32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Dragon_Rapide" title="De Havilland Dragon Rapide">A33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Dragon" title="De Havilland Dragon">A34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Dolphin" title="Douglas Dolphin">A35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_24" title="Fairchild 24">A36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Falcon" title="Miles Falcon">A37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Merlin" title="Miles Merlin">A37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Hawk" title="Miles Hawk">A37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stinson_Reliant" title="Stinson Reliant">A38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Model_17_Staggerwing" title="Beechcraft Model 17 Staggerwing">A39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_Airmaster" title="Cessna Airmaster">A40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Fox_Moth" title="De Havilland Fox Moth">A41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Vega" title="Lockheed Vega">A42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Dragonfly" title="De Havilland Dragonfly">A43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_G_31" title="Junkers G 31">A44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_W_34" title="Junkers W 34">A44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Trimotor" title="Ford Trimotor">A45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAC_Boomerang" title="CAC Boomerang">A46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_B-25_Mitchell" title="North American B-25 Mitchell">A47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vought_OS2U_Kingfisher" title="Vought OS2U Kingfisher">A48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_24" title="Dornier Do 24">A49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_ST" title="Ryan ST">A50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brewster_F2A_Buffalo" title="Brewster F2A Buffalo">A51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Mosquito" title="De Havilland Mosquito">A52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_P-39_Airacobra" title="Bell P-39 Airacobra">A53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waco_Aircraft_Company" title="Waco Aircraft Company">A54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-38_Lightning" title="Lockheed P-38 Lightning">A55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_P-43_Lancer" title="Republic P-43 Lancer">A56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Australia" title="De Havilland Australia">A57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire">A58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Ventura" title="Lockheed Ventura">A59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hurricane" title="Hawker Hurricane">A60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Corporation" title="Northrop Corporation">A61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAC_CA-15" title="CAC CA-15">A62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celestial_navigation" title="Celestial navigation">A63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stinson_L-1_Vigilant" title="Stinson L-1 Vigilant">A64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">A65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avro_Lancaster" title="Avro Lancaster">A66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_18_Lodestar" title="Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar">A67</a></li> <li>A68 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CAC_Mustang" title="CAC Mustang">1–200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">500–1001</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_SB2C_Helldiver" title="Curtiss SB2C Helldiver">A69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_PBM_Mariner" title="Martin PBM Mariner">A70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noorduyn_Norseman" title="Noorduyn Norseman">A71</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">A72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avro_Lincoln" title="Avro Lincoln">A73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avro_York" title="Avro York">A74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percival_Proctor" title="Percival Proctor">A75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-29_Superfortress" title="Boeing B-29 Superfortress">A76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloster_Meteor" title="Gloster Meteor">A77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Vampire" title="De Havilland Vampire">A78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Vampire" title="De Havilland Vampire">A79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_H-5" title="Sikorsky H-5">A80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Freighter" title="Bristol Freighter">A81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_Viking" title="Vickers Viking">A82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Hornet" title="De Havilland Hornet">A83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Electric_Canberra" title="English Electric Canberra">A84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAC_Winjeel" title="CAC Winjeel">A85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_P.1081" title="Hawker P.1081">A86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_Valetta" title="Vickers Valetta">A87</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RFD_Winged_Target&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RFD Winged Target (page does not exist)">A88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-2_Neptune" title="Lockheed P-2 Neptune">A89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percival_Prince" title="Percival Prince">A90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Sycamore" title="Bristol Sycamore">A91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAF_Jindivik" title="GAF Jindivik">A92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAF_Jindivik" title="GAF Jindivik">A93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAC_Sabre" title="CAC Sabre">A94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-2_Beaver" title="De Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver">A95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_CV-240_family" title="Convair CV-240 family">A96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">A97</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_180_Skywagon" title="Cessna 180 Skywagon">A98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAC_Jet_Provost" title="BAC Jet Provost">A99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-3_Otter" title="De Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter">A100</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_the_Royal_Australian_Navy" title="List of aircraft of the Royal Australian Navy">RAN Series</a><span class="nobold"><sup>1</sup></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Firefly" title="Fairey Firefly">N1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">N2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Gannet" title="Fairey Gannet">N3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Sea_Venom" title="De Havilland Sea Venom">N4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Sycamore" title="Bristol Sycamore">N5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Vampire" title="De Havilland Vampire">N6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Wessex" title="Westland Wessex">N7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Scout" title="Westland Scout">N8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_UH-1_Iroquois" title="Bell UH-1 Iroquois">N9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioplane_BTT" title="Radioplane BTT">N10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAF_Jindivik" title="GAF Jindivik">N11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_S-2_Tracker" title="Grumman S-2 Tracker">N12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk" title="Douglas A-4 Skyhawk">N13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aermacchi_MB-326" title="Aermacchi MB-326">N14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley_HS_748" title="Hawker Siddeley HS 748">N15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Sea_King" title="Westland Sea King">N16</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_the_Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="List of aircraft of the Royal Australian Air Force">RAAF Series Three</a><br /><span class="nobold">Tri-Service series<br />1964–<span style="font-size:85%;">present</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell_H-13_Sioux" title="Bell H-13 Sioux">A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_UH-1_Iroquois" title="Bell UH-1 Iroquois">A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dassault_Mirage_III_Australian_procurement" title="Dassault Mirage III Australian procurement">A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-4_Caribou" title="De Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou">A4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9rospatiale_Alouette_III" title="Aérospatiale Alouette III">A5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_Viscount" title="Vickers Viscount">A6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aermacchi_MB-326" title="Aermacchi MB-326">A7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-111C" title="General Dynamics F-111C">A8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-3_Orion" title="Lockheed P-3 Orion">A9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley_HS_748" title="Hawker Siddeley HS 748">A10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dassault_Falcon_20" title="Dassault Falcon 20">A11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAC_One-Eleven" title="BAC One-Eleven">A12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_Trainer" title="Link Trainer">A13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilatus_PC-6_Porter" title="Pilatus PC-6 Porter">A14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_CH-47_Chinook" title="Boeing CH-47 Chinook">A15</a></li> <li><i>A16</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_OH-58_Kiowa" title="Bell OH-58 Kiowa">A17/N17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAF_Nomad" title="GAF Nomad">A18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAC_CT/4_Airtrainer" title="PAC CT/4 Airtrainer">A19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_707" title="Boeing 707">A20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet" title="McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet">A21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurocopter_AS350_%C3%89cureuil" title="Eurocopter AS350 Écureuil">A22/N22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilatus_PC-9" title="Pilatus PC-9">A23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_SH-60_Seahawk" title="Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk">N24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_UH-60_Black_Hawk" title="Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk">A25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dassault_Falcon_900" title="Dassault Falcon 900">A26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Hawk" title="BAE Systems Hawk">A27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_MQM-107_Streaker" title="Beechcraft MQM-107 Streaker">N28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaman_SH-2G_Super_Seasprite" title="Kaman SH-2G Super Seasprite">N29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_E-7_Wedgetail" title="Boeing E-7 Wedgetail">A30</a></li> <li><i>A31</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Super_King_Air" title="Beechcraft Super King Air">A32</a></li> <li><i>A33</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alenia_C-27J_Spartan" title="Alenia C-27J Spartan">A34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II" title="Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II">A35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Business_Jet" title="Boeing Business Jet">A36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Challenger_600_series" title="Bombardier Challenger 600 series">A37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurocopter_Tiger" title="Eurocopter Tiger">A38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airbus_A330_MRTT" title="Airbus A330 MRTT">A39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHIndustries_NH90" title="NHIndustries NH90">A40/N40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-17_Globemaster_III" title="Boeing C-17 Globemaster III">A41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AgustaWestland_AW109" title="AgustaWestland AW109">N42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AAI_RQ-7_Shadow" title="AAI RQ-7 Shadow">A43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_F/A-18E/F_Super_Hornet" title="Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet">A44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IAI_Heron" title="IAI Heron">A45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_EA-18G_Growler" title="Boeing EA-18G Growler">A46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_P-8_Poseidon" title="Boeing P-8 Poseidon">A47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_SH-60_Seahawk" title="Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk">N48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_429_GlobalRanger" title="Bell 429 GlobalRanger">N49</a></li> <li><i>A51</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurocopter_EC135" title="Eurocopter EC135">N52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_1900" title="Beechcraft 1900">A53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilatus_PC-21" title="Pilatus PC-21">A54</a></li> <li><i>A55</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dassault_Falcon_7X" title="Dassault Falcon 7X">A56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-4_Phantom_II_in_Australian_service" title="McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II in Australian service">A69</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_the_Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="List of aircraft of the Royal Australian Air Force">Aircraft of the RAAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_the_Royal_Australian_Navy" title="List of aircraft of the Royal Australian Navy">Aircraft of the RAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_Army_aircraft" title="List of Australian Army aircraft">Aircraft of the Australian Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup> Prior to adoption of Tri-Service prefixes.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220759#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4348067-6">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85010698">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator (bombardovací letadlo)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph162493&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007602288605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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