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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cognates_with_Philippine_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Cognates with Philippine languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cognates_with_Philippine_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japanese_loanwords" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese_loanwords"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Japanese loanwords</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese_loanwords-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chinese_loanwords" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chinese_loanwords"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Chinese loanwords</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chinese_loanwords-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input 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type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llingua_yami" title="Llingua yami – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llingua yami" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao-g%C3%AD" title="Tao-gí – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tao-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tataramon_na_Yami" title="Tataramon na Yami – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tataramon na Yami" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao_keel" title="Tao keel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tao keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_yami" title="Lengua yami – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lengua yami" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yami_(langue)" title="Yami (langue) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Yami (langue)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%BC%EB%AF%B8%EC%96%B4" title="야미어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="야미어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Yami" title="Pagsasao a Yami – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Yami" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Yami" title="Bahasa Yami – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Yami" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_yami" title="Lingua yami – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua yami" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Yami" title="Basa Yami – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Yami" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanung_Yami" title="Amanung Yami – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Amanung Yami" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiyami" title="Kiyami – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiyami" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Јамиски јазик – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јамиски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C4%81-m%C4%AB-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Ngā-mī-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ngā-mī-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%82%AA%E8%AA%9E" title="タオ語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="タオ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_yami" title="Lenga yami – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga yami" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_yami" title="Język yami – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język yami" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_yami" title="Língua yami – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua yami" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BE_(%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B8)" title="Язык тао (ями) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Язык тао (ями)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Tao" title="Wikang Tao – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Tao" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2" title="ภาษาเตา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาเตา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Yami" title="Tiếng Yami – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Yami" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%94%E6%82%9F%E8%AA%9E" title="達悟語 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="達悟語" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q715760#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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.longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Yami_language&params=22_03_N_121_32_E_type:isle"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">22°03′N</span> <span class="longitude">121°32′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">22.050°N 121.533°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">22.050; 121.533</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Austronesian language spoken on Orchid Island, Taiwan</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: pink;">Yami</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: pink;"><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">ciciring no Tao</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Tao_people" title="Tao people">Tao</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">about 4000 (2012)<sup id="cite_ref-RauDong2006-79_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RauDong2006-79-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Malayo-Polynesian languages">Malayo-Polynesian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_languages" title="Philippine languages">Philippine</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Batanic_languages" title="Batanic languages">Batanic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li>Yami–<a href="/wiki/Itbayat_language" title="Itbayat language">Itbayat</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Yami</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: pink;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/tao" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:tao">tao</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/yami1254">yami1254</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Endangered_Languages_Project" title="Endangered Languages Project">ELP</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/10747">Tao</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Linguasphere_Observatory" title="Linguasphere Observatory">Linguasphere</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://linguasphere.info/?page=linguascale&linguacode=31-CAA-a">31-CAA-a</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Lang_Status_80-VU.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Lang_Status_80-VU.svg/320px-Lang_Status_80-VU.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Lang_Status_80-VU.svg/480px-Lang_Status_80-VU.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Lang_Status_80-VU.svg/640px-Lang_Status_80-VU.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="153" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Yami language is classified as Vulnerable by the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/Atlas_of_the_World%27s_Languages_in_Danger" title="Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger">Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger</a></span></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Taiwan_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Approximate location where Yami is spoken"><img alt="Approximate location where Yami is spoken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Taiwan_location_map.svg/250px-Taiwan_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Taiwan_location_map.svg/375px-Taiwan_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Taiwan_location_map.svg/500px-Taiwan_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1016" data-file-height="1221" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:92.553%;left:82.163%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yami"><img alt="Approximate location where Yami is spoken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Yami</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Orchid Island in <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Taiwan</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Southeast_Asia_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Approximate location where Yami is spoken"><img alt="Approximate location where Yami is spoken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Southeast_Asia_location_map.svg/250px-Southeast_Asia_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Southeast_Asia_location_map.svg/375px-Southeast_Asia_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Southeast_Asia_location_map.svg/500px-Southeast_Asia_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="492" data-file-height="378" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:21.164%;left:51.192%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yami"><img alt="Approximate location where Yami is spoken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Yami</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Yami (Southeast Asia)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Southeast Asia</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Yami_language&params=22_03_N_121_32_E_type:isle"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">22°03′N</span> <span class="longitude">121°32′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">22.050°N 121.533°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">22.050; 121.533</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>Yami language</b> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E7%BE%8E%E8%AA%9E" class="extiw" title="wikt:雅美語">雅美語</a></span>), also known as <b>Tao language</b> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%81%94%E6%82%9F%E8%AA%9E" class="extiw" title="wikt:達悟語">達悟語</a></span>), is a <a href="/wiki/Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Malayo-Polynesian languages">Malayo-Polynesian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philippine_languages" title="Philippine languages">Philippine</a> language spoken by the <a href="/wiki/Tao_people" title="Tao people">Tao people</a> of <a href="/wiki/Orchid_Island" title="Orchid Island">Orchid Island</a>, 46 kilometers southeast of <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>. It is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Ivatan_language" title="Ivatan language">Ivatan</a> <a href="/wiki/Dialect_continuum" title="Dialect continuum">dialect continuum</a>. </p><p>Yami is known as <span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">ciriciring no Tao</i></span> 'human speech' by its native speakers. Native speakers prefer the 'Tao' name.<sup id="cite_ref-RauDong2006-79_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RauDong2006-79-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yami_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Batanic_languages.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/The_Batanic_languages.png/220px-The_Batanic_languages.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/The_Batanic_languages.png/330px-The_Batanic_languages.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/The_Batanic_languages.png/440px-The_Batanic_languages.png 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Yami and the other Batanic languages</figcaption></figure> <p>Yami is the only native language of <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_indigenous_peoples" title="Taiwanese indigenous peoples">Taiwanese indigenous peoples</a> that is not a member of the <a href="/wiki/Formosan_languages" title="Formosan languages">Formosan</a> grouping of Austronesian; it is one of the <a href="/wiki/Batanic_languages" title="Batanic languages">Batanic languages</a> also found in <a href="/wiki/Batanes" title="Batanes">Batanes</a> province of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Philippines">northern Philippines</a>, and as such is part of the Malayo-Polynesian branch of Austronesian. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yami_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yami has 20 consonants and 4 vowels:<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels">Vowels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yami_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Vowels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">ə</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/o/</span> can be heard as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʊ]</span> after labial stop consonants.</li></ul> <p>Iraralay Yami, spoken on the north coast, distinguishes between geminative consonants (e.g., <span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">opa</i></span> 'thigh' vs. <span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">oppa</i></span> 'hen' form one such <a href="/wiki/Minimal_pair" title="Minimal pair">minimal pair</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yami_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Consonants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Yami consonants </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant">Retroflex</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Uvular_consonant" title="Uvular consonant">Uvular</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Glottalic_consonant" title="Glottalic consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Plosive</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Affricate" title="Affricate">Affricate</a> </th> <th><small>voiceless</small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">t͡ʃ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)"><small>voiced</small></a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">d͡ʒ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiced retroflex plosive">ɖ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">Fricative</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiceless retroflex fricative">ʂ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_fricative" title="Voiced uvular fricative">ʁ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Approximant" title="Approximant">Approximant</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_approximant" title="Voiced retroflex approximant">ɻ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Trill_consonant" title="Trill consonant">Trill</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k<span class="wrap"> </span>ʁ/</span> can also be heard as sounds <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[q<span class="wrap"> </span>ɦ]</span> when between vowel <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/a/</span> intervocalically.</li> <li>Sounds <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n<span class="wrap"> </span>l<span class="wrap"> </span>ʂ/</span> can be heard as sounds <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɲ<span class="wrap"> </span>ɮ<span class="wrap"> </span>ʃ]</span> before <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/i/</span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammar">Grammar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yami_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Grammar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronouns">Pronouns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yami_language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pronouns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following set of pronouns is found in the Yami language.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Yami pronouns </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="2">Nominative </th> <th colspan="2">Genitive </th> <th rowspan="2">Locative </th></tr> <tr> <th>free</th> <th>bound </th> <th>free</th> <th>bound </th></tr> <tr> <th>1st person singular </th> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">yaken</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">ko</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">niaken</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">ko</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">jiaken</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2nd person singular </th> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">imo</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">ka</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">nimo</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">mo</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">jimo</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>3rd person singular </th> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">iya</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">ya</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">nia</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">na</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">jia</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>1st person plural inclusive </th> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">yaten</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">ta</i></span>, <span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">tamo</i></span>, <span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">takamo</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">niaten</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">ta</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">jiaten</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>1st person plural exclusive </th> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">yamen</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">namen</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">niamen</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">namen</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">jiamen</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2nd person plural </th> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">inio</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">kamo</i></span>, <span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">kanio</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">ninio</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">nio</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">jinio</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>3rd person plural </th> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">sira</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">sia</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">nira</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">da</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">jira</i></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verbs">Verbs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yami_language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Verbs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following list are verbal inflections found in Yami.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Dynamic intransitive</dt></dl> <ul><li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">-om-/om-</i></span> (subjunctive: <span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">N-</i></span>)</li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">mi-</i></span></li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">ma-</i></span></li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">maN-</i></span></li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">maka-</i></span></li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">maci-/masi-/macika-/macipa-</i></span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Stative</dt></dl> <ul><li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">ma-</i></span> (subjunctive: <span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">a-</i></span>)</li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">ka- ... -an</i></span> (subjunctive: <span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">ka- ... -i</i></span>)</li></ul> <dl><dt>Dynamic</dt></dl> <ul><li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">pi-</i></span></li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">pa-</i></span></li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">paN-</i></span> (subjunctive: <span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">maN-</i></span>)</li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">paka-</i></span> (subjunctive: <span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">maka-</i></span>)</li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">paci-</i></span> (subjunctive: <span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">maci-</i></span>)</li></ul> <dl><dt>Transitive</dt></dl> <ul><li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">-en</i></span> (subjunctive: <span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">-a</i></span>)</li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">-an</i></span> (subjunctive: <span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">-i</i></span>)</li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">i-</i></span> (subjunctive: <span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">-an</i></span>)</li></ul> <dl><dt>Stative functioning as transitive</dt></dl> <ul><li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">ma-</i></span> (subjunctive: <span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">a- ... -a</i></span>)</li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">ka- ... -an</i></span> (subjunctive: <span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">a- ... -a</i></span>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Affixes">Affixes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yami_language&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Affixes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following is a list of affixes found in Yami.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">icia-</i></span> 'fellows such and such who share the same features or fate'</li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">ikeyka-</i></span> 'even more so'</li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">ika-</i></span> 'feel such and such because...'</li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">ika-</i></span> 'ordinal number'</li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">ipi-</i></span> 'multiple number'</li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">ji a-</i></span> 'negation or emphatic'</li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">ka-</i></span> 'company, as ... as, abstract noun'</li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">ka-</i></span> 'and then, just now, only'</li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">ka-</i></span> 'stative verb prefix reappearing in forming transitive verbs'</li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">ka-</i></span> (reduplicated root) 'very'</li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">ka-</i></span> (reduplicated root) 'animals named after certain features'</li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">ka- ... -an</i></span> 'common noun'</li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">ma- ... -en</i></span> 'love to do such and such'</li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">mapaka-</i></span> 'pretend to be such and such'</li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">mapi-</i></span> 'do such and such as an occupation'</li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">mi-/mala-</i></span> 'kinship relationships in a group of two or three'</li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">mika-/mapika-/ipika-</i></span> 'all, gradually, one by one'</li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">mala-</i></span> 'taste or look like...'</li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">mipa-</i></span> 'getting more and more...'</li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">mipipa-</i></span> 'even more...'</li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">mapi-/mapa-/pa- ... -en/ipa-</i></span> 'causative verb affixes'</li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">ni-</i></span> 'perfective'</li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">ni- ... na</i></span> 'superlative'</li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">noka-</i></span> 'past'</li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">noma-</i></span> 'future (remote)'</li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">sicia</i></span>- 'present'</li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">sima-</i></span> 'future (proximal)'</li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">tey-</i></span> 'direction'</li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">tey-</i></span> 'very, too'</li> <li><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">tey-</i></span> (reduplicated root) 'amount allocated to each unit</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vocabulary">Vocabulary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yami_language&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Vocabulary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Yami_language" title="Special:EditPage/Yami language">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Yami+language%22">"Yami language"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Yami+language%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Yami+language%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Yami+language%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Yami+language%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Yami+language%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cognates_with_Philippine_languages">Cognates with Philippine languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yami_language&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Cognates with Philippine languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>English </th> <th>Yami </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ilokano_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilokano language">Ilokano</a>/<a href="/wiki/Visayan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Visayan language">Visayan</a>, etc. </th></tr> <tr> <td>Person</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">tao</i></span></td> <td><span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">tao</i></span> (Tagalog), <span title="Cebuano-language text"><i lang="ceb">tawo</i></span> (Cebuano Vis., Bicol) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mother</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">ina</i></span></td> <td><span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">ina</i></span> (Tagalog)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Father</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">ama</i></span></td> <td><span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">ama</i></span> (Tagalog), <span title="Ilocano-language text"><i lang="ilo">ama</i></span> (Ilokano)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Head</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">oo</i></span></td> <td><span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">ulo</i></span> (Tagalog), <span title="Cebuano-language text"><i lang="ceb">ulu</i></span> (Cebuano), <span title="Ilocano-language text"><i lang="ilo">olo</i></span> (Ilokano)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yes</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">nohon</i></span></td> <td><i>oho</i> (Pandan Bikol, Bikol Sentral) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Friend</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">kagagan</i></span></td> <td><i>kaibigan</i> (Tagalog) </td></tr> <tr> <td>who</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">sino</i></span></td> <td><span title="Hiligaynon-language text"><i lang="hil">sino</i></span>, <span title="Hiligaynon-language text"><i lang="hil">sin-o</i></span> (Hiligaynon Vis.), <span title="Waray (Philippines)-language text"><i lang="war">hin-o</i></span> (Waray Vis.) </td></tr> <tr> <td>they</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">sira</i></span></td> <td><span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">sila</i></span> (Tagalog), <span title="Waray (Philippines)-language text"><i lang="war">sira/hira</i></span> (Waray Vis.) </td></tr> <tr> <td>their</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">nira</i></span></td> <td><i>nila</i> (Tagalog) </td></tr> <tr> <td>offspring</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">anak</i></span></td> <td><span title="Cebuano-language text"><i lang="ceb">anak</i></span> (Cebuano Vis.), <span title="Hiligaynon-language text"><i lang="hil">anak</i></span> (Hiligaynon Vis.), <span title="Ilocano-language text"><i lang="ilo">anak</i></span> (Ilokano), <span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">anak</i></span> (Tagalog) </td></tr> <tr> <td>I (pronoun)</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">ko</i></span></td> <td><span title="Ilocano-language text"><i lang="ilo">ko</i></span>, <span title="Ilocano-language text"><i lang="ilo">-ko</i></span> (Ilokano) </td></tr> <tr> <td>you</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">ka</i></span></td> <td><span title="Ilocano-language text"><i lang="ilo">ka</i></span>, <span title="Ilocano-language text"><i lang="ilo">-ka</i></span> (Ilokano) </td></tr> <tr> <td>day</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">araw</i></span></td> <td><span title="Ilocano-language text"><i lang="ilo">araw</i></span>, <span title="Ilocano-language text"><i lang="ilo">aldaw</i></span> (Ilokano), <span title="Cebuano-language text"><i lang="ceb">adlaw</i></span> (Cebuano Vis.) </td></tr> <tr> <td>eat</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">kanen</i></span></td> <td><span title="Ilocano-language text"><i lang="ilo">kain</i></span>, <span title="Ilocano-language text"><i lang="ilo">kanen</i></span> (Ilokano), kaon (all Visayan) </td></tr> <tr> <td>drink</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">inomen</i></span></td> <td><span title="Ilocano-language text"><i lang="ilo">inumin</i></span>, <span title="Ilocano-language text"><i lang="ilo">inomen</i></span> (Ilokano) </td></tr> <tr> <td>speech</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">ciriciring</i></span></td> <td>chirichirin (Itbayaten Ivatan), <span title="Hiligaynon-language text"><i lang="hil">siling</i></span> (Hiligaynon Vis., 'say'), <span title="Waray (Philippines)-language text"><i lang="war">siring</i></span> (Waray Vis., 'say') </td></tr> <tr> <td>and</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">aka</i></span></td> <td><i>saka</i> (Bikol Sentral, Calabanga variant) (historically "saka asin") </td></tr> <tr> <td>ouch</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">Ananay</i></span></td> <td><span title="Cebuano-language text"><i lang="ceb">Aray</i></span>, <span title="Cebuano-language text"><i lang="ceb">Agay</i></span> (Cebuano Vis.), <span title="Ilocano-language text"><i lang="ilo">Annay</i></span> (Ilokano) </td></tr> <tr> <td>home</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">vahay</i></span></td> <td><span title="Ilocano-language text"><i lang="ilo">bahay</i></span>, <span title="Cebuano-language text"><i lang="ceb">balay</i></span> (Ilokano, Cebuano Vis.) </td></tr> <tr> <td>piglet</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">viik</i></span></td> <td><span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">biik</i></span> (Tagalog) </td></tr> <tr> <td>goat</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">kadling</i></span></td> <td><span title="Cebuano-language text"><i lang="ceb">kambing</i></span>, <span title="Cebuano-language text"><i lang="ceb">kanding</i></span> (Cebuano Vis.), <span title="Ilocano-language text"><i lang="ilo">kalding</i></span> (Ilokano) </td></tr> <tr> <td>stone</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">vato</i></span></td> <td><span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">bato</i></span> (Tagalog, all Visayan, etc.) </td></tr> <tr> <td>town</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">ili</i></span></td> <td><span title="Ilocano-language text"><i lang="ilo">ili</i></span> (Ilokano) </td></tr> <tr> <td>one</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">ása</i></span></td> <td><span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">isa</i></span> (Tagalog, Hiligaynon Vis.), <span title="Ilocano-language text"><i lang="ilo">maysa</i></span> (Ilokano), <span title="Cebuano-language text"><i lang="ceb">usa</i></span> (Cebuano Vis.) </td></tr> <tr> <td>two</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">dóa</i></span> (<span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">raroa</i></span>)</td> <td><span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">dalawa</i></span> (Tagalog), <span title="Cebuano-language text"><i lang="ceb">duha</i></span> (Cebuano), <span title="Ilocano-language text"><i lang="ilo">dua</i></span> (Ilokano) </td></tr> <tr> <td>three</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">tílo</i></span></td> <td><span title="Cebuano-language text"><i lang="ceb">tatlo</i></span>, <span title="Cebuano-language text"><i lang="ceb">tulo/tuto</i></span> (Cebuano Vis.), <span title="Ilocano-language text"><i lang="ilo">tallo</i></span> (Ilokano) </td></tr> <tr> <td>four</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">ápat</i></span></td> <td><span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">apat</i></span> (Tagalog, Hiligaynon Vis.), <span title="Cebuano-language text"><i lang="ceb">upat</i></span> (Cebuano Vis.), <span title="Ilocano-language text"><i lang="ilo">uppat</i></span> (Ilokano) </td></tr> <tr> <td>five</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">líma</i></span></td> <td><span title="Cebuano-language text"><i lang="ceb">lima</i></span> (Cebuano Vis.), <span title="Hiligaynon-language text"><i lang="hil">lima</i></span> (Hiligaynon Vis.), <span title="Ilocano-language text"><i lang="ilo">lima</i></span> (Ilokano), <span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">lima</i></span> (Tagalog)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>six</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">ánem</i></span></td> <td><span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">anim</i></span> (Tagalog), <span title="Ilocano-language text"><i lang="ilo">innem</i></span> (Ilokano), <span title="Cebuano-language text"><i lang="ceb">unom</i></span> (Cebuano Vis.), <span title="Hiligaynon-language text"><i lang="hil">anum</i></span> (Hiligaynon Vis.) </td></tr> <tr> <td>seven</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">píto</i></span></td> <td><i>pito</i> (Tagalog/Ilokano/Visayan) </td></tr> <tr> <td>eight</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">wáo</i></span></td> <td><i>walo</i> (Tagalog/Ilokano/Visayan) </td></tr> <tr> <td>nine</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">síam</i></span></td> <td><span title="Ilocano-language text"><i lang="ilo">siyam</i></span>, <span title="Ilocano-language text"><i lang="ilo">siam</i></span> (Ilokano) </td></tr> <tr> <td>ten</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">póo</i></span></td> <td><span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">sampu</i></span> (Tagalog), <span title="Ilocano-language text"><i lang="ilo">sangapulo</i></span> (Ilokano), <i>napulo</i> (all Visayan) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japanese_loanwords">Japanese loanwords</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yami_language&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Japanese loanwords"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>English </th> <th>Yami </th> <th>Japanese </th></tr> <tr> <td>Airplane</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">sikoki</i></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">hikouki</i></span> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%A9%9F" class="extiw" title="wikt:飛行機">飛行機</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alcohol</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">saki</i></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">sake</i></span> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%85%92" class="extiw" title="wikt:酒">酒</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Battleship</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">gengkang</i></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">gunkan</i></span> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E8%89%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:軍艦">軍艦</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bible</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">seysio</i></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">seisho</i></span> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%9B%B8" class="extiw" title="wikt:聖書">聖書</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Christ</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">Kizisto</i></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">kirisuto</i></span> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88" class="extiw" title="wikt:キリスト">キリスト</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Doctor</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">koysang</i></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">o-isha-san?</i></span> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%81%8A%E5%8C%BB%E8%80%85%E3%81%95%E3%82%93" class="extiw" title="wikt:お医者さん">お医者さん</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Flashlight</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">dingki</i></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">denki</i></span> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%B0%97" class="extiw" title="wikt:電気">電気</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Holy Spirit</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">seyzi</i></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">seirei</i></span> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%9C%8A" class="extiw" title="wikt:聖霊">聖霊</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Key</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">kagi</i></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">kagi</i></span> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%8D%B5" class="extiw" title="wikt:鍵">鍵</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Medicine</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">kosozi</i></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">kusuri</i></span> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%96%AC" class="extiw" title="wikt:薬">薬</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Monkey</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">sazo</i></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">saru</i></span> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%8C%BF" class="extiw" title="wikt:猿">猿</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Motorcycle</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">otobay</i></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">ōtobai</i></span> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%90%E3%82%A4" class="extiw" title="wikt:オートバイ">オートバイ</a>; 'auto bike') </td></tr> <tr> <td>Police</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">kisat</i></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">keisatsu</i></span> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F" class="extiw" title="wikt:警察">警察</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>School</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">gako</i></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">gakkō</i></span> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1" class="extiw" title="wikt:学校">学校</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>School bag</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">kabang</i></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">kaban</i></span> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%9E%84" class="extiw" title="wikt:鞄">鞄</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Teacher</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">sinsi</i></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">sensei</i></span> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%85%88%E7%94%9F" class="extiw" title="wikt:先生">先生</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ticket</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">kipo</i></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">kippu</i></span> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%88%87%E7%AC%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:切符">切符</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Truck</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">tozako</i></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">torakku</i></span> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" class="extiw" title="wikt:トラック">トラック</a>; 'truck') </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chinese_loanwords">Chinese loanwords</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yami_language&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Chinese loanwords"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>English </th> <th>Yami </th> <th>Mandarin Chinese </th></tr> <tr> <td>Wine</td> <td><span title="Yami-language text"><i lang="tao">potaw cio</i></span></td> <td><span title="Mandarin Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="cmn-Latn">pútáojiǔ</i></span> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E9%85%92" class="extiw" title="wikt:葡萄酒">葡萄酒</a>) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yami_language&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Taiwan" title="Languages of Taiwan">Languages of Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_aborigines" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese aborigines">Taiwanese aborigines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tao_people" title="Tao people">Tao people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batanic_languages" title="Batanic languages">Batanic languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivatan_language" title="Ivatan language">Ivatan language</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yami_language&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-RauDong2006-79-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RauDong2006-79_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RauDong2006-79_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRauDong2006">Rau & Dong 2006</a>, p. 79</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRauDong2006">Rau & Dong 2006</a>, pp. 79–80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRauDong2006">Rau & Dong 2006</a>, p. 81</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRauDong2006">Rau & Dong 2006</a>, p. 123</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRauDong2006">Rau & Dong 2006</a>, p. 135</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRauDong2006">Rau & Dong 2006</a>, p. 135–136</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trussel2.com/ACD/acd-s_i1.htm#26494">"ACD - Austronesian Comparative Dictionary - Cognate Sets - I"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ACD+-+Austronesian+Comparative+Dictionary+-+Cognate+Sets+-+I&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.trussel2.com%2FACD%2Facd-s_i1.htm%2326494&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYami+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trussel2.com/ACD/acd-s_a1.htm#134">"amax father"</a>. ACD<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=amax+father&rft.pub=ACD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.trussel2.com%2FACD%2Facd-s_a1.htm%23134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYami+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trussel2.com/ACD/acd-s_q.htm#27867">"quluh head"</a>. ACD<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=quluh+head&rft.pub=ACD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.trussel2.com%2FACD%2Facd-s_q.htm%2327867&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYami+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trussel2.com/ACD/acd-s_l.htm#7384">"lima five"</a>. ACD<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=lima+five&rft.pub=ACD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.trussel2.com%2FACD%2Facd-s_l.htm%237384&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYami+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yami_language&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRauDong2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rau, D. Victoria; Dong, Maa-Neu (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ling.sinica.edu.tw/Files/LL/UploadFiles/MonoFullText/Yami%20Texts%20with%20Reference%20Grammar%20and%20Dictionary.pdf"><bdi lang="zh">達悟語：語料、參考語法、及詞彙/ Yami Texts with Reference Grammar and Dictionary</bdi></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Chinese and English). Taipei: Academia Sinica.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E9%81%94%E6%82%9F%E8%AA%9E%EF%BC%9A%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%99%E3%80%81%E5%8F%83%E8%80%83%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95%E3%80%81%E5%8F%8A%E8%A9%9E%E5%BD%99%2F+Yami+Texts+with+Reference+Grammar+and+Dictionary&rft.place=Taipei&rft.pub=Academia+Sinica&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Rau&rft.aufirst=D.+Victoria&rft.au=Dong%2C+Maa-Neu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ling.sinica.edu.tw%2FFiles%2FLL%2FUploadFiles%2FMonoFullText%2FYami%2520Texts%2520with%2520Reference%2520Grammar%2520and%2520Dictionary.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYami+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRauDongChang2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rau, D. Victoria 何德華; Dong, Maa-Neu 董瑪女; Chang, Ann Hui-Huan 張惠環 (2012). <i>Dáwù yǔ cídiǎn / Yami (Tao) Dictionary</i> <bdi lang="zh">達悟語詞典 / Yami (Tao) Dictionary</bdi> (in Chinese and English). Taibei shi: Guoli taiwan daxue chuban zhongxin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-986-03-2519-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-986-03-2519-5"><bdi>978-986-03-2519-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=D%C3%A1w%C3%B9+y%C7%94+c%C3%ADdi%C7%8En+%2F+Yami+%28Tao%29+Dictionary+%E9%81%94%E6%82%9F%E8%AA%9E%E8%A9%9E%E5%85%B8+%2F+Yami+%28Tao%29+Dictionary&rft.place=Taibei+shi&rft.pub=Guoli+taiwan+daxue+chuban+zhongxin&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-986-03-2519-5&rft.aulast=Rau&rft.aufirst=D.+Victoria+%E4%BD%95%E5%BE%B7%E8%8F%AF&rft.au=Dong%2C+Maa-Neu+%E8%91%A3%E7%91%AA%E5%A5%B3&rft.au=Chang%2C+Ann+Hui-Huan+%E5%BC%B5%E6%83%A0%E7%92%B0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYami+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRauDong2018" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rau, Der-Hwa 何德華; Dong, Maa-Neu 董瑪女 (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alilin.apc.gov.tw/files/ebook/14477221925b6abed3d729c/HTML5/pc.html"><i>Dáwù yǔ yǔfǎ gàilùn</i> <bdi lang="zh">達悟語語法概論</bdi></a> [<i>Introduction to Tao Grammar</i>] (in Chinese). Xinbei shi: Yuanzhu minzu weiyuanhui. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-986-05-5695-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-986-05-5695-7"><bdi>978-986-05-5695-7</bdi></a> – via alilin.apc.gov.tw.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=D%C3%A1w%C3%B9+y%C7%94+y%C7%94f%C7%8E+g%C3%A0il%C3%B9n+%E9%81%94%E6%82%9F%E8%AA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95%E6%A6%82%E8%AB%96&rft.place=Xinbei+shi&rft.pub=Yuanzhu+minzu+weiyuanhui&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-986-05-5695-7&rft.aulast=Rau&rft.aufirst=Der-Hwa+%E4%BD%95%E5%BE%B7%E8%8F%AF&rft.au=Dong%2C+Maa-Neu+%E8%91%A3%E7%91%AA%E5%A5%B3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falilin.apc.gov.tw%2Ffiles%2Febook%2F14477221925b6abed3d729c%2FHTML5%2Fpc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYami+language" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yami_language&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaiGooden2016" class="citation conference cs1">Lai, Li-Fang; Gooden, Shelome (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305684790"><i>Acoustic Cues to Prosodic Boundaries in Yami: A First Look</i></a>. Proceedings of Speech Prosody 8, May 31 – June 3, Boston, USA. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.21437%2FSpeechProsody.2016-128">10.21437/SpeechProsody.2016-128</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Acoustic+Cues+to+Prosodic+Boundaries+in+Yami%3A+A+First+Look&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.21437%2FSpeechProsody.2016-128&rft.aulast=Lai&rft.aufirst=Li-Fang&rft.au=Gooden%2C+Shelome&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F305684790&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYami+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaiGooden2015" class="citation conference cs1">Lai, Li-Fang; Gooden, Shelome (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/298351735"><i>What Does the Question Sound Like: Exploring Wh- and Yes/No Interrogative Prosody in Yami</i></a>. ICPhS.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=What+Does+the+Question+Sound+Like%3A+Exploring+Wh-+and+Yes%2FNo+Interrogative+Prosody+in+Yami&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Lai&rft.aufirst=Li-Fang&rft.au=Gooden%2C+Shelome&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F298351735&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYami+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaiGooden2018" class="citation conference cs1">Lai, Li-Fang; Gooden, Shelome (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325981046"><i>Tonal Hybridization in Yami-Mandarin Contact</i></a>. Proceedings of the 6th Tonal Aspects of Languages. ISCA. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.21437%2FTAL.2018-7">10.21437/TAL.2018-7</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Tonal+Hybridization+in+Yami-Mandarin+Contact&rft.pub=ISCA&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.21437%2FTAL.2018-7&rft.aulast=Lai&rft.aufirst=Li-Fang&rft.au=Gooden%2C+Shelome&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F325981046&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYami+language" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yami_language&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/32px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/48px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/64px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/tao" class="extiw" title="incubator:Wp/tao">Yami language test</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> at <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Incubator" class="extiw" title="meta:Wikimedia Incubator">Wikimedia Incubator</a></div></div> </div> <ul><li>Yami wordlists at the Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://language.psy.auckland.ac.nz/austronesian/language.php?id=254">language.psy.auckland.ac.nz/austronesian/language.php?id=254</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://language.psy.auckland.ac.nz/austronesian/language.php?id=335">language.psy.auckland.ac.nz/austronesian/language.php?id=335</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150113225446/http://language.psy.auckland.ac.nz/austronesian/language.php?id=335">Archived</a> 2015-01-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yamiproject.cs.pu.edu.tw/yami/">Yami Language Documentation Project website</a> – hosted by Providence University, Taiwan</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yamiproject.cs.pu.edu.tw/elearn/">Online Yami language course</a> – hosted by Providence University, Taiwan</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yamibow.cs.pu.edu.tw">Yami Dictionary Project website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210226235746/http://yamibow.cs.pu.edu.tw/">Archived</a> 2021-02-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – hosted by Providence University, Taiwan</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://e-dictionary.ilrdf.org.tw/tao/search.htm">Yuán zhù mínzú yǔyán xiànshàng cídiǎn 原住民族語言線上詞典</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span> – Yami search page at the "Aboriginal language online dictionary" website of the Indigenous Languages Research and Development Foundation</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alilin.apc.gov.tw/tw/ebooks?tag=616">Yami teaching and leaning materials published by the Council of Indigenous Peoples of Taiwan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211104190308/https://alilin.apc.gov.tw/tw/ebooks?tag=616">Archived</a> 2021-11-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indigenous-justice.president.gov.tw/doc/apology_text/Yami_Tao.pdf">Yami translation of President Tsai Ing-wen's 2016 apology to indigenous people</a> – published on the website of the presidential office</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaan_language" title="Blaan language">Blaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tboli_language" title="Tboli language">Tboli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teduray_language" title="Teduray language">Teduray</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Luzon_languages" title="Central Luzon languages">Central Luzon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hatang_Kayi_language" title="Hatang Kayi language">Hatang Kayi</a> (Remontado)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapampangan_language" title="Kapampangan language">Kapampangan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sambalic_languages" title="Sambalic languages">Sambalic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abellen_language" title="Abellen language">Abellen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambala_language" title="Ambala language">Ambala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolinao_language" title="Bolinao language">Bolinao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botolan_language" title="Botolan language">Botolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antsi_language" title="Antsi language">Mag-antsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indi_language" title="Indi language">Mag-indi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marivele%C3%B1o_language" title="Mariveleño language">Mariveleño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambal_language" title="Sambal language">Sambal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Central_Philippine_languages" title="Greater Central Philippine languages">Greater Central<br />Philippine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Philippine_languages" title="Central Philippine languages">Central Philippine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bikol_languages" title="Bikol languages">Bikol</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albay_Bikol_language" title="Albay Bikol language">Albay Bikol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bikol" title="Central Bikol">Central Bikol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inagta_Partido_language" title="Inagta Partido language">Isarog Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Iraya_Agta_language" title="Mount Iraya Agta language">Mount Iraya Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Iriga_Agta_language" title="Mount Iriga Agta language">Mount Iriga Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandan_Bikol_language" title="Pandan Bikol language">Pandan Bikol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinconada_Bikol_language" title="Rinconada Bikol language">Rinconada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bisayan_languages" title="Bisayan languages">Bisayan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aklanon_language" title="Aklanon language">Aklanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantoanon_language" title="Bantoanon language">Asi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantayanon_language" title="Bantayanon language">Bantayanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baybay_language" title="Baybay language">Baybay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butuanon_language" title="Butuanon language">Butuanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caluyanon_language" title="Caluyanon language">Caluyanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capiznon_language" title="Capiznon language">Capiznon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebuano_language" title="Cebuano language">Cebuano</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Boholano_dialect" title="Boholano dialect">Boholano</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Classical_Cebuano" title="Classical Cebuano">Old Cebuano †</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuyonon_language" title="Cuyonon language">Cuyonon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiligaynon_language" title="Hiligaynon language">Hiligaynon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabalian_language" title="Kabalian language">Kabalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karay-a_language" title="Karay-a language">Karay-a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karolanos_language" title="Karolanos language">Karolanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magahat_language" title="Magahat language">Magahat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masbate%C3%B1o_language" title="Masbateño language">Masbateño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Sorsogon_language" title="Northern Sorsogon language">Northern Sorsogon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onhan_language" title="Onhan language">Onhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porohanon_language" title="Porohanon language">Porohanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratagnon_language" title="Ratagnon language">Ratagnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romblomanon_language" title="Romblomanon language">Romblomanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Sorsogon_language" title="Southern Sorsogon language">Southern Sorsogon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulod_language" title="Sulod language">Sulod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surigaonon_language" title="Surigaonon language">Surigaonon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tausug_language" title="Tausug language">Tausug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waray_language" title="Waray language">Waray</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mansakan_languages" title="Mansakan languages">Mansakan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Davaoe%C3%B1o_language" title="Davaoeño language">Davawenyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalagan_language" title="Kalagan language">Kalagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamayo_language" title="Kamayo language">Kamayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamanwa_language" title="Mamanwa language">Mamanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaya_language" title="Mandaya language">Mandaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansaka_language" title="Mansaka language">Mansaka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tagalogic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kasiguranin" title="Kasiguranin">Kasiguranin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Old_Tagalog" title="Old Tagalog">Old Tagalog</a> †</small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Batangas_Tagalog" title="Batangas Tagalog">Batangueño</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">(unclassified)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ata_language_(Negros)" title="Ata language (Negros)">Ata</a> †</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Danao_languages" title="Danao languages">Danao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranun_language" title="Iranun language">Iranun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_language" title="Maguindanao language">Maguindanao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maranao_language" title="Maranao language">Maranao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gorontalo%E2%80%93Mongondow_languages" title="Gorontalo–Mongondow languages">Gorontalo–Mongondow</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bintauna_language" title="Bintauna language">Bintauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolango_language" title="Bolango language">Bolango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buol_language" title="Buol language">Buol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorontalo_language" title="Gorontalo language">Gorontalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaidipang_language" title="Kaidipang language">Kaidipang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolak_language" title="Lolak language">Lolak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongondow_language" title="Mongondow language">Mongondow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponosakan_language" title="Ponosakan language">Ponosakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwawa_language" title="Suwawa language">Suwawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Manobo_languages" title="Manobo languages">Manobo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agusan_language" title="Agusan language">Agusan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ata_Manobo_language" title="Ata Manobo language">Ata Manobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukid_language" title="Bukid language">Binukid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotabato_Manobo_language" title="Cotabato Manobo language">Cotabato Manobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higaonon_language" title="Higaonon language">Higaonon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilianen_language" title="Ilianen language">Ilianen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagayanen_language" title="Kagayanen language">Kagayanen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamigin_language" title="Kamigin language">Kamigin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matigsalug_language" title="Matigsalug language">Matigsalug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obo_language" title="Obo language">Obo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarangani_language" title="Sarangani language">Sarangani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagabawa_language" title="Tagabawa language">Tagabawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Bukidnon_Manobo" title="Western Bukidnon Manobo">Western Bukidnon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palawanic_languages" title="Palawanic languages">Palawanic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aborlan_Tagbanwa_language" title="Aborlan Tagbanwa language">Aborlan Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_language_(Philippines)" title="Batak language (Philippines)">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Tagbanwa_language" title="Central Tagbanwa language">Central Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palawano_language" title="Palawano language">Palawano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taaw%CA%BCt_Bato_language" title="Taawʼt Bato language">Taawʼt Bato</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Mindoro_languages" title="Southern Mindoro languages">Southern Mindoro</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buhid_language" title="Buhid language">Buhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanunoo_language" title="Hanunoo language">Hanunoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawbuid_language" title="Tawbuid language">Tawbuid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Subanen_languages" title="Subanen languages">Subanen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Subanon_language" title="Western Subanon language">Western Subanon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kalamian_languages" title="Kalamian languages">Kalamian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agutaynen_language" title="Agutaynen language">Agutaynen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calamian_Tagbanwa_language" title="Calamian Tagbanwa language">Calamian Tagbanwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minahasan_languages" title="Minahasan languages">Minahasan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tombulu_language" title="Tombulu language">Tombulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tondano_language" title="Tondano language">Tondano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonsawang_language" title="Tonsawang language">Tonsawang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonsea_language" title="Tonsea language">Tonsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tontemboan_language" title="Tontemboan language">Tontemboan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Luzon_languages" title="Northern Luzon languages">Northern Luzon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arta_language" title="Arta language">Arta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicamay_Agta_language" title="Dicamay Agta language">Dicamay Agta</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilocano_language" title="Ilocano language">Ilocano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cagayan_Valley_languages" title="Cagayan Valley languages">Cagayan Valley</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atta_language" title="Atta language">Atta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Cagayan_Agta_language" title="Central Cagayan Agta language">Cagayan Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ga%CA%BCdang_language" title="Gaʼdang language">Gaʼdang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaddang_language" title="Gaddang language">Gaddang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibanag_language" title="Ibanag language">Ibanag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isnag_language" title="Isnag language">Isnag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itawis_language" title="Itawis language">Itawis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogad_language" title="Yogad language">Yogad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Meso-Cordilleran_languages" title="Meso-Cordilleran languages">Meso-Cordilleran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Alta_language" title="Northern Alta language">Northern Alta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Alta_language" title="Southern Alta language">Southern Alta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Cordilleran_languages" title="Central Cordilleran languages">Central Cordilleran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balangao_language" title="Balangao language">Balangao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bontoc_language" title="Bontoc language">Bontoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifugao_language" title="Ifugao language">Ifugao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isinai_language" title="Isinai language">Isinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itneg_languages" title="Itneg languages">Itneg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_language" title="Kalinga language">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kankanaey_language" title="Kankanaey language">Kankanaey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuwali_language" title="Tuwali language">Tuwali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cordilleran_languages" title="Southern Cordilleran languages">Southern Cordilleran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bugkalot_language" title="Bugkalot language">Bugkalot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibaloi_language" title="Ibaloi language">Ibaloi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwaak_language" title="Iwaak language">Iwaak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalanguya_language" title="Kalanguya language">Kalanguya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karao_language" title="Karao language">Karao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangasinan_language" title="Pangasinan language">Pangasinan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mindoro_languages" title="Northern Mindoro languages">Northern Mindoro</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alangan_language" title="Alangan language">Alangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraya_language" title="Iraya language">Iraya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadyawan_language" title="Tadyawan language">Tadyawan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sangiric_languages" title="Sangiric languages">Sangiric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bantik_language" title="Bantik language">Bantik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratahan_language" title="Ratahan language">Ratahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangir_language" title="Sangir language">Sangir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talaud_language" title="Talaud language">Talaud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other branches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ati_language_(Philippines)" title="Ati language (Philippines)">Ati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klata_language" title="Klata language">Klata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umiray_Dumaget_language" title="Umiray Dumaget language">Umiray Dumaget</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manide–Alabat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inagta_Alabat_language" title="Inagta Alabat language">Inagta Alabat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manide_language" title="Manide language">Manide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reconstructed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Proto-Philippine_language" title="Proto-Philippine language">Proto-Philippine</a> †</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>† indicates <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct status</a></li> <li>? indicates classification dispute</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Taiwan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Taiwan" title="Template:Languages of Taiwan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Taiwan" title="Template talk:Languages of Taiwan"><abbr title="Discuss this 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style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Atayalic_languages" title="Atayalic languages">Atayalic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atayal_language" title="Atayal language">Atayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seediq_language" title="Seediq language">Seediq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Truku_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Truku language">Truku</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rukaic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rukai_language" title="Rukai language">Rukai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Formosan_languages" title="Northern Formosan languages">Northern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babuza_language" title="Babuza language">Babuza</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Favorlang_language" title="Favorlang language">Favorlang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taokas_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Taokas language">Taokas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papora-Hoanya_language" title="Papora-Hoanya language">Papora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papora-Hoanya_language" title="Papora-Hoanya language">Hoanya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papora-Hoanya_language" title="Papora-Hoanya language">Arikun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papora-Hoanya_language" title="Papora-Hoanya language">Lloa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazeh_language" title="Pazeh language">Pazeh</a> <ul><li>Kaxabu</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulon_language" title="Kulon language">Kulon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saisiyat_language" title="Saisiyat language">Saisiyat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thao_language" title="Thao language">Thao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Formosan_languages" title="East Formosan languages">East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amis_language" title="Amis language">Amis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavalan_language" title="Kavalan language">Kavalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketagalan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ketagalan language">Ketagalan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basay_language" title="Basay language">Basay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luilang_language" title="Luilang language">Luilang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makatao_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Makatao language">Makatao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qauqaut_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Qauqaut language">Qauqaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakizaya_language" title="Sakizaya language">Sakizaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siraya_language" title="Siraya language">Siraya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taivoan_language" title="Taivoan language">Taivoan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bunun_language" title="Bunun language">Bunun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paiwan_language" title="Paiwan language">Paiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyuma_language" title="Puyuma language">Puyuma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tsouic_languages" title="Tsouic languages">Tsouic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kanakanavu_language" title="Kanakanavu language">Kanakanavu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saaroa_language" title="Saaroa language">Saaroa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsou_language" title="Tsou language">Tsou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Malayo-Polynesian languages">Malayo-Polynesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Batanic" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Batanic_languages" title="Batanic languages">Batanic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Sinitic" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sinitic_languages" title="Sinitic languages">Sinitic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Mandarin" title="Taiwanese Mandarin">Taiwanese Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junjiahua" title="Junjiahua">Junhua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Min_Chinese" title="Min Chinese">Min</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Hokkien" title="Taiwanese Hokkien">Taiwanese Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teochew_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Teochew dialect">Teochew dialect</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Min" title="Eastern Min">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhounese" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuzhounese">Fuzhounese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matsu_dialect" title="Matsu dialect">Matsu dialect</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pu-Xian_Min" class="mw-redirect" title="Pu-Xian Min">Pu-Xian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Putian_dialect" title="Putian dialect">Putian dialect</a> (Wuqiu dialect)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Hakka" title="Taiwanese Hakka">Taiwanese Hakka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sixian_dialect" title="Sixian dialect">Sixian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hailu_dialect" title="Hailu dialect">Hailu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dabu_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dabu dialect (page does not exist)">Dabu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoping_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Raoping dialect">Raoping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao%27an_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhao'an dialect">Zhao'an</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Sign_Language_family" title="Japanese Sign Language family">Japonic Sign</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Sign_Language" title="Taiwan Sign Language">Taiwan Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Auxiliary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Braille</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghainese" title="Shanghainese">Shanghainese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian language">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yilan_Creole_Japanese" title="Yilan Creole Japanese">Yilan Creole Japanese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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