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id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Obsah</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">presunúť do postranného panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skryť</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Začiatok</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Vlastnosti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vlastnosti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Vlastnosti</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vlastnosti-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Vlastnosti</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vlastnosti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fyzikálne_vlastnosti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fyzikálne_vlastnosti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Fyzikálne vlastnosti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fyzikálne_vlastnosti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chemické_vlastnosti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chemické_vlastnosti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Chemické vlastnosti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chemické_vlastnosti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zlúčeniny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zlúčeniny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Zlúčeniny</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Zlúčeniny-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Zlúčeniny</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Zlúčeniny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Halogenovodíky" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Halogenovodíky"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Halogenovodíky</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Halogenovodíky-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Halogenidy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Halogenidy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Halogenidy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Halogenidy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zlúčeniny_s_kyslíkom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zlúčeniny_s_kyslíkom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Zlúčeniny s kyslíkom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zlúčeniny_s_kyslíkom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ostatné_zlúčeniny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ostatné_zlúčeniny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Ostatné zlúčeniny</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ostatné_zlúčeniny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Výskyt_v_prírode,_výroba,_použitie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Výskyt_v_prírode,_výroba,_použitie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Výskyt v prírode, výroba, použitie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Výskyt_v_prírode,_výroba,_použitie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biologická_úloha" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biologická_úloha"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Biologická úloha</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biologická_úloha-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zdroje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zdroje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Zdroje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zdroje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iné_projekty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iné_projekty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Iné projekty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iné_projekty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prepnúť obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prepnúť obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Halogén</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prejsť na článok v inom jazyku. Je dostupný v 111 jazykoch" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-111" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">111 jazykov</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogeen" title="Halogeen – afrikánčina" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Halogeen" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halocheno" title="Halocheno – aragónčina" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Halocheno" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86" title="هالوجين – arabčina" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هالوجين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal%C3%B3xenu" title="Halóxenu – astúrčina" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Halóxenu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astúrčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogenl%C9%99r" title="Halogenlər – azerbajdžančina" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Halogenlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%D9%86" title="هالوژن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هالوژن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Галогендар – baškirčina" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Галогендар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halog%C3%A9n" title="Halogén – balijčina" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Halogén" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balijčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Галагены – bieloruština" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Галагены" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bieloruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Галягены – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Галягены" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Халоген – bulharčina" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Халоген" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="হ্যালোজেন – bengálčina" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হ্যালোজেন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengálčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9A%E0%BE%AD%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" title="ཚྭ་རྒྱུ། – tibetčina" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཚྭ་རྒྱུ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogeni_elementi" title="Halogeni elementi – bosniačtina" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Halogeni elementi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniačtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen – katalánčina" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Halogen" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%AB-s%C3%B3" title="Lū-só – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Lū-só" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ھالۆجین – kurdčina (sorání)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھالۆجین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdčina (sorání)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogeny" title="Halogeny – čeština" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Halogeny" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čeština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Галоген – čuvaština" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Галоген" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen – waleština" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Halogen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="waleština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogener" title="Halogener – dánčina" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Halogener" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogene" title="Halogene – nemčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Halogene" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Αλογόνα – gréčtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλογόνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gréčtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Halogen" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogeno" title="Halogeno – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Halogeno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal%C3%B3genos" title="Halógenos – španielčina" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Halógenos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španielčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogeenid" title="Halogeenid – estónčina" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Halogeenid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogeno" title="Halogeno – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Halogeno" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%D9%86" title="هالوژن – perzština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هالوژن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogeeni" title="Halogeeni – fínčina" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Halogeeni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fínčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen – faerčina" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Halogen" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faerčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halog%C3%A8ne" title="Halogène – francúzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Halogène" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francúzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogeen" title="Halogeen – severná frízština" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Halogeen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="severná frízština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halaigin" title="Halaigin – írčina" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Halaigin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="írčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B9%B5%E7%B4%A0" title="鹵素 – čínština (dialekty Gan)" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="鹵素" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Gan)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal%C3%B3xeno" title="Halóxeno – galícijčina" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Halóxeno" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galícijčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B9%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%A8" title="હેલોજન – gudžarátčina" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="હેલોજન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžarátčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallageen" title="Hallageen – mančina" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Hallageen" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogens" title="Halogens – hauština" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Halogens" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hauština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BB-su" title="Lû-su – čínština (dialekty Hakka)" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Lû-su" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Hakka)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%9F" title="הלוגן – hebrejčina" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הלוגן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="हैलोजन – hindčina" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हैलोजन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen – hindština (Fidži)" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Halogen" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindština (Fidži)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogeni_elementi" title="Halogeni elementi – chorvátčina" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Halogeni elementi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvátčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloj%C3%A8n" title="Alojèn – haitská kreolčina" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Alojèn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitská kreolčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halog%C3%A9nek" title="Halogének – maďarčina" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Halogének" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Հալոգեններ – arménčina" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հալոգեններ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogenos" title="Halogenos – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Halogenos" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen – indonézština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Halogen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonézština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal%C3%B3gen" title="Halógen – islandčina" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Halógen" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alogeni" title="Alogeni – taliančina" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alogeni" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="taliančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC17%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第17族元素 – japončina" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="第17族元素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japončina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/klirylei" title="klirylei – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="klirylei" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen – jávčina" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Halogen" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jávčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ჰალოგენები – gruzínčina" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰალოგენები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzínčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Галогендер – kazaština" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Галогендер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%A0%EB%A1%9C%EC%A0%A0" title="할로젠 – kórejčina" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="할로젠" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="kórejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Галогендер – kirgizština" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Галогендер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogenia" title="Halogenia – latinčina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Halogenia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogeen" title="Halogeen – limburčina" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Halogeen" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alojen" title="Alojen – lombardština" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Alojen" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogenai" title="Halogenai – litovčina" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Halogenai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litovčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halog%C4%93ni" title="Halogēni – lotyština" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Halogēni" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lotyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Халоген – macedónčina" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Халоген" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="ഹാലൊജനുകൾ – malajálamčina" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹാലൊജനുകൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajálamčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Галоген – mongolčina" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Галоген" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen – malajčina" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Halogen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ဟေလိုဂျင် – barmčina" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟေလိုဂျင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="barmčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Галогентне – erzjančina" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Галогентне" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzjančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen – dolná nemčina" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Halogen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="dolná nemčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="ह्यालोजेन – nevárčina" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ह्यालोजेन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevárčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogeen" title="Halogeen – holandčina" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Halogeen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen – nórčina (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Halogen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nórčina (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen – nórčina (bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Halogen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="nórčina (bokmal)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alog%C3%A8n" title="Alogèn – okcitánčina" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Alogèn" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%A8" title="ਹੈਲੋਜਨ – pandžábčina" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹੈਲੋਜਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžábčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorowce" title="Fluorowce – poľština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fluorowce" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poľština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%86" title="ہالوجن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہالوجن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halog%C3%AAnio" title="Halogênio – portugalčina" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Halogênio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kachichaq" title="Kachichaq – kečuánčina" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kachichaq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečuánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen – rumunčina" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Halogen" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Галогены – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Галогены" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen – škótčina" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Halogen" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="škótčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogeni_elementi" title="Halogeni elementi – srbochorvátčina" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Halogeni elementi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvátčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1" title="හැලජන – sinhalčina" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="හැලජන" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Halogen" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen – slovinčina" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Halogen" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen – somálčina" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Halogen" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somálčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupi_i_shtat%C3%ABmb%C3%ABdhjet%C3%AB_i_elementeve_kimike" title="Grupi i shtatëmbëdhjetë i elementeve kimike – albánčina" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Grupi i shtatëmbëdhjetë i elementeve kimike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Халоген – srbčina" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Халоген" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen – švédčina" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Halogen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogeni" title="Halogeni – swahilčina" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Halogeni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆலசன் – tamilčina" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆலசன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="హేలోజన్ – telugčina" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హేలోజన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Ҳолуженҳо – tadžičtina" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳолуженҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99" title="แฮโลเจน – thajčina" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แฮโลเจน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thajčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alohino" title="Alohino – tagalčina" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Alohino" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halojen" title="Halojen – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Halojen" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Галогеннар – tatárčina" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Галогеннар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatárčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Галогени – ukrajinčina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Галогени" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%86" title="ہیلوجن – urdčina" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہیلوجن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen – vietnamčina" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Halogen" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Halogen" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A4%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="卤族元素 – čínština (wu)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="卤族元素" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="čínština (wu)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%9F" title="האלאגען – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="האלאגען" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haloj%C3%ADn" title="Halojín – jorubčina" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Halojín" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A4%E7%B4%A0" title="卤素 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卤素" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B9%B5%E7%B4%A0" title="鹵素 – čínština (klasická)" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鹵素" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="čínština (klasická)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B3%CD%98-s%C3%B2%CD%98" title="Ló͘-sò͘ – čínština (dialekty Minnan)" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ló͘-sò͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Minnan)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B9%B5%E7%B4%A0" title="鹵素 – kantončina" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鹵素" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantončina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isakhatshiwo" title="Isakhatshiwo – zuluština" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isakhatshiwo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zuluština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q19605#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Upraviť medzijazykové odkazy" class="wbc-editpage">Upraviť odkazy</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Menné priestory"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Halog%C3%A9n" title="Zobraziť obsah stránky [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stránka</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskusia:Halog%C3%A9n&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskusia o obsahu stránky (stránka neexistuje) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Změnit variantu jazyka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">slovenčina</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Zobrazenia"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Halog%C3%A9n"><span>Čítať</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halog%C3%A9n&veaction=edit" title="Upraviť túto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Upraviť</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halog%C3%A9n&action=edit" title="Upraviť zdrojový kód tejto stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Upraviť zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halog%C3%A9n&action=history" title="Minulé revízie tejto 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vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nástroje</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">presunúť do postranného panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skryť</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Další možnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Akcie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Halog%C3%A9n"><span>Čítať</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halog%C3%A9n&veaction=edit" title="Upraviť túto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Upraviť</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halog%C3%A9n&action=edit" title="Upraviť zdrojový kód tejto stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Upraviť zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halog%C3%A9n&action=history"><span>Zobraziť históriu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Všeobecné </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:%C4%8CoOdkazujeSem/Halog%C3%A9n" title="Zoznam všetkých wiki stránok, ktoré sem odkazujú [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Odkazy na túto stránku</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:S%C3%BAvisiacePosledn%C3%A9%C3%9Apravy/Halog%C3%A9n" rel="nofollow" title="Posledné úpravy na stránkach, na ktoré odkazuje táto stránka [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Súvisiace úpravy</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=sk" title="Nahranie súborov [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Nahrať súbor</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lneStr%C3%A1nky" title="Zoznam všetkých špeciálnych stránok [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Špeciálne stránky</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halog%C3%A9n&oldid=7785107" title="Trvalý odkaz na túto verziu 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id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sk" dir="ltr"><table align="right" style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:3px; margin:0.5em 0em 0.8em 1.4em; width: 110px;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="50%"><a href="/wiki/Skupina_(periodick%C3%A1_tabu%C4%BEka)" title="Skupina (periodická tabuľka)">Skupina</a> </th> <th width="50%">17 </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Peri%C3%B3da_(periodick%C3%A1_tabu%C4%BEka)" title="Perióda (periodická tabuľka)">Perióda</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th align="left" valign="center">2 </th> <td style="text-align: center; background-color: #ffffee; border: 2px solid black;">9<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Flu%C3%B3r" title="Fluór">F</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="left" valign="center">3 </th> <td style="text-align: center; background-color: #ffffee; border: 2px solid black;">17<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Chl%C3%B3r" title="Chlór">Cl</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="left" valign="center">4 </th> <td style="text-align: center; background-color: #ffffee; border: 2px solid black;">35<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%B3m" title="Bróm">Br</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="left" valign="center">5 </th> <td style="text-align: center; background-color: #ffffee; border: 2px solid black;">53<br /><b><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3d" title="Jód">I</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="left" valign="center">6 </th> <td style="text-align: center; background-color: #ffffee; border: 2px solid black;">85<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Ast%C3%A1t" title="Astát">At</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="left" valign="center">7 </th> <td style="text-align: center; background-color: #ffffee; border: 2px solid black;">117<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Ten%C3%A9s" title="Tenés">Ts</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/16._skupina" class="mw-redirect" title="16. skupina"><<</a> </th> <th align="right"><a href="/wiki/18._skupina" class="mw-redirect" title="18. skupina">>></a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" title="Portál, ktorého súčasťou je táto stránka" style="text-align:center; border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><div style="border: solid #aaa 1px; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 0ex 1ex; display:inline-table; padding: 0ex 0.05ex; border-style:none; background:transparent;" title="Portál, ktorého súčasťou je táto stránka"> <table style="margin: 0; padding: 0ex"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;margin: 0;border:none;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border:none;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Ch%C3%A9mia" title="Chemický portál"><img alt="Chemický portál" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Chemistrylogo.png/18px-Chemistrylogo.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Chemistrylogo.png/27px-Chemistrylogo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Chemistrylogo.png/36px-Chemistrylogo.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Ch%C3%A9mia" title="Portál:Chémia">Chemický portál</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Halogén</b> je súhrnný názov pre všetky <a href="/wiki/Chemick%C3%BD_prvok" title="Chemický prvok">prvky</a> 17. skupiny <a href="/wiki/Periodick%C3%A1_tabu%C4%BEka" title="Periodická tabuľka">periodickej tabuľky prvkov</a>. Patria sem <a href="/wiki/Flu%C3%B3r" title="Fluór">fluór</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chl%C3%B3r" title="Chlór">chlór</a>, <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%B3m" title="Bróm">bróm</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3d" title="Jód">jód</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ast%C3%A1t" title="Astát">astát</a> a <a href="/wiki/Ten%C3%A9s" title="Tenés">tenés</a>. Pomenovanie halogén pochádza z <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9%C4%8Dtina" class="mw-disambig" title="Gréčtina">gréčtiny</a> a znamená solitvorný (gr. hals - soľ, gr. gennaó - tvorím). </p><p>Atómy halogénov majú 7 valenčných <a href="/wiki/Elektr%C3%B3n" title="Elektrón">elektrónov</a> (valenčná vrstva je ns<sup>2</sup> np<sup>5</sup>, elektrónová konfigurácia valenčnej vrstvy ns<sup>2</sup> np<sub>x</sub><sup>2</sup> np<sub>y</sub><sup>2</sup> np<sub>z</sub><sup>1</sup>), do <a href="/wiki/Oktet_(at%C3%B3m)" title="Oktet (atóm)">oktetu</a> im chýba 1 elektrón. Z tejto skutočnosti vyplýva ich snaha dosiahnuť stabilnú konfiguráciu najbližšieho <a href="/wiki/Vz%C3%A1cne_plyny" class="mw-redirect" title="Vzácne plyny">vzácneho plynu</a> vznikom <a href="/wiki/Ani%C3%B3n" title="Anión">aniónov</a> X<sup>−</sup> alebo vytvorením jednej <a href="/wiki/Kovalentn%C3%A1_v%C3%A4zba" title="Kovalentná väzba">kovalentnej väzby</a>. </p><p>Halogény sú všeobecne vysoko <a href="/wiki/Elektronegativita" title="Elektronegativita">elektronegatívne</a>, pričom ich elektronegativita klesá so vzrastajúcim počtom protónov (vzrastajúcou <a href="/wiki/Relat%C3%ADvna_at%C3%B3mov%C3%A1_hmotnos%C5%A5" title="Relatívna atómová hmotnosť">atómovou hmotnosťou</a>), takže najvyššiu elektronegativitu má fluór (je to zároveň najelektronegatívnejší prvok periodickej tabuľky) a astát má spomedzi halogénov najnižšiu hodnotu elektronegativity. </p><p>Väčšina binárnych zlúčenín fluóru je tým pádom iónová, v prípade kovalentnej väzby je silne <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polarita_v%C3%A4zby&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polarita väzby (stránka neexistuje)">polárna</a>. Väzby ostatných halogenidov majú viac kovalentný charakter. Nepolárna kovalentná väzba sa vyskytuje v dvojatómových molekulách X<sub>2</sub> a niektorých zlúčeninách (ako <a href="/wiki/Chlorid_dusit%C3%BD" title="Chlorid dusitý">NCl<sub>3</sub></a>, <a href="/wiki/Jodid_uhli%C4%8Dit%C3%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Jodid uhličitý">CI<sub>4</sub></a>). Oxidačné stupne sa pohybujú v rozpätí od -I do VII. Fluór ako najelektronegatívnejší prvok vystupuje len v oxidačnom stupni -I, ostatné halogény nadobúdajú aj kladné oxidačné čísla. </p><p>Astát sa v prírode vyskytuje iba v stopových množstvách ako medziprodukt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rozpadov%C3%BD_rad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rozpadový rad (stránka neexistuje)">rozpadových radov</a>. Je <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dioaktivita" class="mw-disambig" title="Rádioaktivita">rádioaktívny</a>, najstabilnejším izotopom je <sup>210</sup>At s <a href="/wiki/Pol%C4%8Das_rozpadu" class="mw-disambig" title="Polčas rozpadu">polčasom rozpadu</a> 8,1 hod. Tenés je superťažkým umelým prvkom, zatiaľ bolo pripravených len niekoľko atómov <sup>293</sup>Ts a <sup>294</sup>Ts. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vlastnosti">Vlastnosti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halog%C3%A9n&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Upraviť sekciu: Vlastnosti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halog%C3%A9n&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Vlastnosti"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fyzikálne_vlastnosti"><span id="Fyzik.C3.A1lne_vlastnosti"></span>Fyzikálne vlastnosti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halog%C3%A9n&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Upraviť sekciu: Fyzikálne vlastnosti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halog%C3%A9n&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Fyzikálne vlastnosti"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Všetky halogény vytvárajú dvojatómové <a href="/wiki/Molekula" title="Molekula">molekuly</a> X<sub>2</sub>, molekuly sú prítomné vo všetkých troch <a href="/wiki/Skupenstvo" title="Skupenstvo">skupenstvách</a> (napr. <a href="/wiki/Kry%C5%A1t%C3%A1lov%C3%A1_%C5%A1trukt%C3%BAra" title="Kryštálová štruktúra">kryštálovú struktúru</a> jódu tvoria molekuly I<sub>2</sub> usporiadané vo vrstvách). Dvojatómové molekuly sú nepolárne, preto sa halogény rozpúšťajú v nepolárnych rozpúšťadlách (jód sa dobre rozpúšťa v <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%ADrouhl%C3%ADk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sírouhlík (stránka neexistuje)">sírouhlíku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol">etanole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trichl%C3%B3rmet%C3%A1n" title="Trichlórmetán">chloroforme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dietyl%C3%A9ter" title="Dietyléter">dietyléteri</a> a pod.). Teplota topenia stúpa so zvyšujúcim sa atómovým číslom. Fluór a chlór sú za <a href="/wiki/Norm%C3%A1lne_podmienky" title="Normálne podmienky">normálnych podmienok</a> <a href="/wiki/Plyn" title="Plyn">plyny</a>, bróm je <a href="/wiki/Kvapalina" title="Kvapalina">kvapalný</a> a jód s astátom sú <a href="/wiki/Pevn%C3%A1_l%C3%A1tka" title="Pevná látka">tuhé látky</a>. Tenés bol zatiaľ pozorovaný len v podobe individuálnych atómov. </p> <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="60%" align="center"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#ccccff"> <td align="center">Prvok </td> <td align="center">Atómová hmotnosť (u) </td> <td align="center">Bod topenia <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">[K]</a> </td> <td align="center">Bod varu <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">[K]</a> </td> <td align="center">Elektronegativita (Pauling) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Fluór </td> <td align="right">19,0 </td> <td align="right">53,53 </td> <td align="right">85,03 </td> <td align="right">4,0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Chlór </td> <td align="right">35,45 </td> <td align="right">171,6 </td> <td align="right">239,11 </td> <td align="right">3,0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Bróm </td> <td align="right">79,90 </td> <td align="right">265,8 </td> <td align="right">332,0 </td> <td align="right">2,8 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Jód </td> <td align="right">126,90 </td> <td align="right">386,85 </td> <td align="right">457,4 </td> <td align="right">2,5 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Astát </td> <td align="right">(210) </td> <td align="right">575 </td> <td align="right">610 </td> <td align="right">2,2 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Tenés </td> <td align="right">(294) </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="right">- </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chemické_vlastnosti"><span id="Chemick.C3.A9_vlastnosti"></span>Chemické vlastnosti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halog%C3%A9n&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Upraviť sekciu: Chemické vlastnosti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halog%C3%A9n&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Chemické vlastnosti"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Všetky halogény sú reaktívne látky, pričom fluór predstihuje reaktivitou všetky ostatné prvky. Priamo sa zlučuje s <a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">fosforom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krem%C3%ADk" title="Kremík">kremíkom</a>, jódom a viacerými <a href="/wiki/Kov" title="Kov">kovmi</a>. S <a href="/wiki/Vod%C3%ADk" title="Vodík">vodíkom</a> reaguje za výbuchu už pri teplote −252 °C. Niektoré kovy však nereagujú, nakoľko ich povrch sa pokryje vrstvičkou fluoridu, ktorá zabraňuje ďalšej reakcii. Reakciou s viacerými zlúčeninami vytláča elektronegatívnejšiu zložku: </p> <dl><dd>2 H<sub>2</sub>O + 2 F<sub>2</sub> → 4 HF + O<sub>2</sub></dd></dl> <p>Chlór priamo reaguje s fosforom a <a href="/wiki/Antim%C3%B3n" title="Antimón">antimónom</a>. Viaceré iné kovy reagujú po zahriatí. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%8F" title="Meď">Meď</a> a <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDelezo" title="Železo">železo</a> s chlórom priamo nereagujú, no minimálne stopy vlhkosti spustia reakciu. S vodíkom reaguje po inicializácii (zahriatím, svetlom). Vo vode sa pomaly rozpúšťa za vzniku <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyselina_chl%C3%B3rna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyselina chlórna (stránka neexistuje)">kyseliny chlórnej</a> a <a href="/wiki/Kyselina_chlorovod%C3%ADkov%C3%A1" title="Kyselina chlorovodíková">chlorovodíkovej</a>. </p><p>Bróm reaguje podobne ako chlór, no priebeh reakcií býva menej intenzívny. Pri jóde je situácia ešte pokojnejšia, viaceré reakcie majú <a href="/wiki/Vratn%C3%A1_reakcia" title="Vratná reakcia">vratný charakter</a> (napr. reakcia jódu s vodíkom sa pri zmene podmienok presúva na ľavú stranu, t. j. <a href="/wiki/Jodovod%C3%ADk" title="Jodovodík">jodovodík</a> sa rozkladá na vodík a jód). </p> <dl><dd>H<sub>2</sub> + I<sub>2</sub> ↔ 2 HI</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zlúčeniny"><span id="Zl.C3.BA.C4.8Deniny"></span>Zlúčeniny</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halog%C3%A9n&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Upraviť sekciu: Zlúčeniny" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halog%C3%A9n&action=edit&section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Zlúčeniny"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Halogenovodíky"><span id="Halogenovod.C3.ADky"></span>Halogenovodíky</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halog%C3%A9n&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Upraviť sekciu: Halogenovodíky" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halog%C3%A9n&action=edit&section=5" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Halogenovodíky"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Bližšie informácie v článkoch: <a href="/wiki/Halogenovod%C3%ADk" title="Halogenovodík">halogenovodík</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fluorovod%C3%ADk" title="Fluorovodík">fluorovodík</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chlorovod%C3%ADk" title="Chlorovodík">chlorovodík</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bromovod%C3%ADk" title="Bromovodík">bromovodík</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jodovod%C3%ADk" title="Jodovodík">jodovodík</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astatovod%C3%ADk" title="Astatovodík">astatovodík</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenesovod%C3%ADk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tenesovodík (stránka neexistuje)">tenesovodík</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Halogenovodíky (všeobecný vzorec HX) sú ostro páchnuce plyny bez zafarbenia, dobre rozpustné vo <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">vode</a>. Ich molekuly tvorí jednoduchá polárna väzba vodík-halogén. Polarita väzby je najväčšia pri <a href="/wiki/Fluorovod%C3%ADk" title="Fluorovodík">fluorovodíku</a>, smerom nadol (podľa narastajúceho atómového čísla halogénu) sa znižuje. <a href="/wiki/Teplota_varu" title="Teplota varu">Bod varu</a> je, vzhľadom na ich molekulové hmotnosti, pomerne vysoký, čo je dôsledkom polarity molekúl a vytváraním <a href="/wiki/Vod%C3%ADkov%C3%A1_v%C3%A4zba" title="Vodíková väzba">vodíkových mostíkov</a>. </p><p>Halogenovodíky sa dajú pripraviť priamou syntézou (u <a href="/wiki/Chlorovod%C3%ADk" title="Chlorovodík">chlorovodíka</a> je to priemyselný a najdôležitejší spôsob prípravy), pri bróme a jóde sa v reakcii ustaľuje rovnováha, ktorá je ovplyvňovaná zmenami teploty (nižšie teploty ju posúvajú doprava, vyššie doľava). Iným, najmä v laboratóriu častým spôsobom prípravy je vytláčanie halogénvodíkov z ich solí kyselinami, prípadne hydrolýzou niektorých halogenidov. Priemyselne sa takto vyrába fluorovodík z <a href="/wiki/Fluorit" title="Fluorit">fluoritu</a> (CaF<sub>2</sub>). </p> <dl><dd>CaF<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> → CaSO<sub>4</sub> + 2 HF</dd> <dd>NaCl + H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> → NaHSO<sub>4</sub> + HCl</dd> <dd>PBr<sub>3</sub> + 3 H<sub>2</sub>O → H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>3</sub> + 3 HBr</dd></dl> <p>Vodné roztoky halogenovodíkov sú kyseliny. Sila týchto kyselín stúpa so zvyšujúcim sa atómovým číslom halogénu, teda najslabšia je <a href="/wiki/Kyselina_fluorovod%C3%ADkov%C3%A1" title="Kyselina fluorovodíková">kyselina fluorovodíková</a>, najsilnejšia <a href="/wiki/Kyselina_jodovod%C3%ADkov%C3%A1" title="Kyselina jodovodíková">kyselina jodovodíková</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kyselina_bromovod%C3%ADkov%C3%A1" title="Kyselina bromovodíková">Kyselina bromovodíková</a> a jodovodíková pomaly <a href="/wiki/Oxida%C4%8Dno-reduk%C4%8Dn%C3%A1_reakcia" title="Oxidačno-redukčná reakcia">oxidujú</a> vzdušným kyslíkom za vzniku brómu, resp. jódu. <a href="/wiki/Kyselina_chlorovod%C3%ADkov%C3%A1" title="Kyselina chlorovodíková">Kyselina chlorovodíková</a> je dôležitá chemikália v laboratóriách a v priemysle. Taktiež je súčasťou žalúdočných štiav. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Halogenidy">Halogenidy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halog%C3%A9n&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Upraviť sekciu: Halogenidy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halog%C3%A9n&action=edit&section=6" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Halogenidy"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Bližšie informácie v hlavnom článku: <a href="/wiki/Halogenid" title="Halogenid">halogenid</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Halogenid je súhrnné označenie zlúčenín halogénov s menej elektronegatívnymi prvkami, v užšom zmysle sú to soli halogenovodíkových kyselín. Podľa štruktúry sa delia na: </p> <ul><li>iónové halogenidy</li> <li>molekulové halogenidy</li> <li>halogenidy s reťazcovými štruktúrami</li></ul> <p>Pripravujú sa najčastejšie priamou syntézou príslušných prvkov, reakciou kovov, alebo ich oxidov, hydroxidov, solí slabých kyselín s halogenovodíkovou kyselinou: </p> <dl><dd>Hg + I<sub>2</sub> → HgI<sub>2</sub></dd> <dd>Zn + 2 HCl → ZnCl<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub></dd> <dd>KOH + HCl → KCl + H<sub>2</sub>O</dd> <dd>AgNO<sub>3</sub> + HCl → AgCl + HNO<sub>3</sub></dd></dl> <p>Známe sú aj vzájomné zlúčeniny halogénov typu XY<sub>n</sub>, kde X je menej elektronegatívny halogén v kladnom oxidačnom stupni (+1 až +7) a Y je viac elektronegatívny halogén v zápornom oxidačnom stupni −1. Pripravujú sa priamou syntézou prvkov a rozkladajú sa pôsobením vody, resp. roztokmi hydroxidov alkalických kovov. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zlúčeniny_s_kyslíkom"><span id="Zl.C3.BA.C4.8Deniny_s_kysl.C3.ADkom"></span>Zlúčeniny s kyslíkom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halog%C3%A9n&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Upraviť sekciu: Zlúčeniny s kyslíkom" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halog%C3%A9n&action=edit&section=7" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Zlúčeniny s kyslíkom"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fluór ako jediný prvok vystupuje v binárnych zlúčeninach s kyslíkom ako eletronegativnejší prvok, preto sú to fluoridy kyslíka, ostatné halogény sú elektropozitívnejšie, preto vytvárajú oxidy. Najznámejším fluoridom je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Difluorid_kysl%C3%ADka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Difluorid kyslíka (stránka neexistuje)">difluorid kyslíka</a> OF<sub>2</sub>, ktorý vzniká zavádzaním plynného fluóru do 2% roztoku <a href="/wiki/Hydroxid_sodn%C3%BD" title="Hydroxid sodný">hydroxidu sodného</a>: </p> <dl><dd>2 F<sub>2</sub> + 2 NaOH → 2 NaF + OF<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O</dd></dl> <p>Chlór tvorí oxidy <a href="/wiki/Oxid_chl%C3%B3rny" title="Oxid chlórny">oxid chlórny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxid_chlori%C4%8Dit%C3%BD" title="Oxid chloričitý">oxid chloričitý</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxid_chl%C3%B3rov%C3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxid chlórový (stránka neexistuje)">oxid chlórový</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxid_chlorist%C3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxid chloristý (stránka neexistuje)">oxid chloristý</a>, ako aj kyseliny <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyselina_chl%C3%B3rna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyselina chlórna (stránka neexistuje)">kyselina chlórna</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyselina_chlorit%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyselina chloritá (stránka neexistuje)">kyselina chloritá</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyselina_chlore%C4%8Dn%C3%A1" title="Kyselina chlorečná">kyselina chlorečná</a> a <a href="/wiki/Kyselina_chlorist%C3%A1" title="Kyselina chloristá">kyselina chloristá</a>. Všetky oxidy sú nestále, kyseliny, rovako ako ich soli, majú oxidačné vlastnosti. Kyselina chloristá je najsilnejšia z bežných kyselín. </p><p>Bróm vytvára tri nestále oxidy (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxid_br%C3%B3mny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxid brómny (stránka neexistuje)">oxid brómny</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxid_bromi%C4%8Dit%C3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxid bromičitý (stránka neexistuje)">oxid bromičitý</a> a Br<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub>), z kyselín sú známe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyselina_br%C3%B3mna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyselina brómna (stránka neexistuje)">kyselina brómna</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyselina_bromi%C4%8Dn%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyselina bromičná (stránka neexistuje)">bromičná</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyselina_bromist%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyselina bromistá (stránka neexistuje)">bromistá</a>. </p><p>Pri jóde je najznámejším oxidom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxid_jodi%C4%8Dn%C3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxid jodičný (stránka neexistuje)">oxid jodičný</a>, ostatné oxidy majú pomerne zložitú štruktúru (napr. I<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> je IO·IO<sub>3</sub>, I<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> je I(IO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>). Z kyselín sú to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyselina_j%C3%B3dna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyselina jódna (stránka neexistuje)">kyselina jódna</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyselina_jodi%C4%8Dn%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyselina jodičná (stránka neexistuje)">jodičná</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyselina_jodist%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyselina jodistá (stránka neexistuje)">jodistá</a> (HIO<sub>4</sub>), resp. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyselina_pentahydrogenjodist%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyselina pentahydrogenjodistá (stránka neexistuje)">Kyselina pentahydrogenjodistá</a> H<sub>5</sub>IO<sub>6</sub>. Taktiež kyslíkaté zlúčeniny brómu aj jódu majú oxidačné účinky. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ostatné_zlúčeniny"><span id="Ostatn.C3.A9_zl.C3.BA.C4.8Deniny"></span>Ostatné zlúčeniny</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halog%C3%A9n&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Upraviť sekciu: Ostatné zlúčeniny" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halog%C3%A9n&action=edit&section=8" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Ostatné zlúčeniny"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>S organickými zlúčeninami vytvárajú halogény zlúčeniny, ktoré sa nazývajú súhrnným názvom <a href="/wiki/Halog%C3%A9nderiv%C3%A1ty" class="mw-redirect" title="Halogénderiváty">halogénderiváty</a>. Viaceré halogénderiváty majú široké uplatnenie v priemysle (rozpúšťadlá <a href="/wiki/Trichl%C3%B3rmet%C3%A1n" title="Trichlórmetán">trichlórmetán</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tetrachl%C3%B3rmet%C3%A1n" title="Tetrachlórmetán">tetrachlórmetán</a>), vyrábajú sa z nich polyméry (<a href="/wiki/Polyvinylchlorid" title="Polyvinylchlorid">PVC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polytetraflu%C3%B3retyl%C3%A9n" title="Polytetrafluóretylén">Teflon</a>), insekticídy (<a href="/wiki/Dichl%C3%B3rdifenyltrichl%C3%B3ret%C3%A1n" title="Dichlórdifenyltrichlóretán">DDT</a> - v súčasnosti nepoužívaný) a mnohé iné. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Výskyt_v_prírode,_výroba,_použitie"><span id="V.C3.BDskyt_v_pr.C3.ADrode.2C_v.C3.BDroba.2C_pou.C5.BEitie"></span>Výskyt v prírode, výroba, použitie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halog%C3%A9n&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Upraviť sekciu: Výskyt v prírode, výroba, použitie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halog%C3%A9n&action=edit&section=9" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Výskyt v prírode, výroba, použitie"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Halogény sa v prírode vyskytujú iba v zlúčeninách, z ktorých sa aj priemyselne získavajú. Zdrojom fluóru je <a href="/wiki/Fluorit" title="Fluorit">fluorit</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluorid_v%C3%A1penat%C3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluorid vápenatý (stránka neexistuje)">fluorid vápenatý</a> CaF<sub>2</sub>). Z fluoritu sa vyrába fluorovodík, elementárny fluór sa vyrába <a href="/wiki/Elektrol%C3%BDza" title="Elektrolýza">elektrolyticky</a> z taveniny hydrogenfluoridov. Chlór sa vyrába taktiež elektrolyticky z roztoku nasýteného <a href="/wiki/Chlorid_sodn%C3%BD" title="Chlorid sodný">chloridu sodného</a> (tzv. soľanky). Najdôležitejším minerálom chlóru je spomínaný chlorid sodný (<a href="/wiki/Halit" title="Halit">halit</a>). Bróm a jód sa primárne získavajú z vyzrážaných solí z morskej vody vytláčaním chlórom. </p><p>Halogény majú široké pole využitia v priemysle, či už ako jednoduché látky, alebo v podobe zlúčenín. Fluór sa používa pri výrobe polovodičov, pri obohacovaní <a href="/wiki/Ur%C3%A1n_(chemick%C3%BD_prvok)" title="Urán (chemický prvok)">uránu</a> izotopom <sup>235</sup>U (ako <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluorid_ur%C3%A1nov%C3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluorid uránový (stránka neexistuje)">fluorid uránový</a>), pri spracovaní skla (kyselina fluorovodíková), ako zložka <a href="/wiki/Fre%C3%B3n" title="Freón">freónov</a>, pri výrobe <a href="/wiki/Hlin%C3%ADk" title="Hliník">hliníka</a> (ako <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hexafluorohlinitan_sodn%C3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hexafluorohlinitan sodný (stránka neexistuje)">hexafluorohlinitan sodný</a>), v medicíne (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluorid_sodn%C3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluorid sodný (stránka neexistuje)">fluorid sodný</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluorid_c%C3%ADnat%C3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluorid cínatý (stránka neexistuje)">fluorid cínatý</a> ako zložka zubných pást). Chlór, rovnako ako chlorovodík, sa využíva v mnohých priemyselných odvetviach ako oxidačné činidlo, pri výrobe plastov, agrochemikálií, liečiv atď. Podobné využitie má aj bróm a jód. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biologická_úloha"><span id="Biologick.C3.A1_.C3.BAloha"></span>Biologická úloha</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halog%C3%A9n&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Upraviť sekciu: Biologická úloha" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halog%C3%A9n&action=edit&section=10" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Biologická úloha"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aj keď samotné halogény, ako aj halogenovodíky majú na živé organizmy nepriaznivý účinok, v stopových množstvách sa v organizmoch vyskytujú. Chlór vo forme zriedenej kyseliny chlorovodíkovej je súčasťou žalúdočných štiav, jód hrá nezastupiteľnú rolu pri syntéze hormónov <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0t%C3%ADtna_%C5%BE%C4%BEaza" title="Štítna žľaza">štítnej žľazy</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zdroje">Zdroje</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halog%C3%A9n&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Upraviť sekciu: Zdroje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halog%C3%A9n&action=edit&section=11" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Zdroje"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Gažo, J. a kol.: <i>Všeobecná a anorganická chémia</i>, 1981, Alfa, Bratislava</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iné_projekty"><span id="In.C3.A9_projekty"></span>Iné projekty</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halog%C3%A9n&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Upraviť sekciu: Iné projekty" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halog%C3%A9n&action=edit&section=12" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Iné projekty"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="interProject commons" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Halogens" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Halogens">Commons</a></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Spolupracuj na Commons"><img alt="Spolupracuj na Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> Commons ponúka multimediálne súbory na tému <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Halogens" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Halogens">halogény</a></b></li></ul> <div style="border: solid #aaa 1px; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 0ex 1ex; font-size: 90%;" class="tright" title="Portál, ktorého súčasťou je táto stránka"> <table style="margin: 0; padding: 0ex"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;margin: 0;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="Portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/36px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/54px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/72px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Ch%C3%A9mia" title="Portál:Chémia">Chemický portál</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Periodická_tabuľka" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0abl%C3%B3na:Navbox_Periodick%C3%A1_tabu%C4%BEka" title="Šablóna:Navbox Periodická tabuľka"><span title="Zobraz túto šablónu" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">z</span></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskusia_k_%C5%A1abl%C3%B3ne:Navbox_Periodick%C3%A1_tabu%C4%BEka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diskusia k šablóne:Navbox Periodická tabuľka (stránka neexistuje)"><span title="Diskusia o tejto šablóne" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</span></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0abl%C3%B3na:Navbox_Periodick%C3%A1_tabu%C4%BEka&action=edit"><span title="Upraviť túto šablónu" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">u</span></a></li></ul></div><div id="Periodická_tabuľka" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Periodick%C3%A1_tabu%C4%BEka" title="Periodická tabuľka">Periodická tabuľka</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Skupina_(periodick%C3%A1_tabu%C4%BEka)" title="Skupina (periodická tabuľka)">Skupiny</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1._skupina" title="1. skupina">1. skupina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2._skupina" title="2. skupina">2. skupina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3._skupina" title="3. skupina">3. skupina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4._skupina" title="4. skupina">4. skupina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5._skupina" title="5. skupina">5. skupina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6._skupina" title="6. skupina">6. skupina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7._skupina" title="7. skupina">7. skupina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8._skupina" title="8. skupina">8. skupina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9._skupina" title="9. skupina">9. skupina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10._skupina" title="10. skupina">10. skupina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11._skupina" title="11. skupina">11. skupina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12._skupina" title="12. skupina">12. skupina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13._skupina" class="mw-redirect" title="13. skupina">13. skupina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14._skupina" class="mw-redirect" title="14. skupina">14. skupina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15._skupina" class="mw-redirect" title="15. skupina">15. skupina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16._skupina" class="mw-redirect" title="16. skupina">16. skupina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17._skupina" class="mw-redirect" title="17. skupina">17. skupina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18._skupina" class="mw-redirect" title="18. skupina">18. skupina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peri%C3%B3da_(periodick%C3%A1_tabu%C4%BEka)" title="Perióda (periodická tabuľka)">Periódy</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1._peri%C3%B3da" title="1. perióda">1. perióda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2._peri%C3%B3da" title="2. perióda">2. perióda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3._peri%C3%B3da" title="3. perióda">3. perióda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4._peri%C3%B3da" title="4. perióda">4. perióda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5._peri%C3%B3da" title="5. perióda">5. perióda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6._peri%C3%B3da" title="6. perióda">6. perióda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7._peri%C3%B3da" title="7. perióda">7. perióda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9ria_(periodick%C3%A1_tabu%C4%BEka)" title="Séria (periodická tabuľka)">Série</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alkalick%C3%BD_kov" title="Alkalický kov">alkalické kovy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kov_alkalick%C3%BDch_zem%C3%ADn" title="Kov alkalických zemín">kovy alkalických zemín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kov_vz%C3%A1cnych_zem%C3%ADn" title="Kov vzácnych zemín">kovy vzácnych zemín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lantanoid" title="Lantanoid">lantanoidy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aktinoid" title="Aktinoid">aktinoidy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prechodn%C3%BD_prvok" title="Prechodný prvok">prechodné prvky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalkog%C3%A9n" title="Chalkogén">chalkogény</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">halogény</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vz%C3%A1cny_plyn" title="Vzácny plyn">vzácne plyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kov" title="Kov">kovy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polokov" title="Polokov">polokovy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekov" title="Nekov">nekovy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Blok_(periodick%C3%A1_tabu%C4%BEka)" title="Blok (periodická tabuľka)">Bloky</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blok_s" title="Blok s">blok s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blok_p" title="Blok p">blok p</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blok_d" title="Blok d">blok d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blok_f" title="Blok f">blok f</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both"> <div class="NavHead"><a href="/wiki/Periodick%C3%A1_tabu%C4%BEka" title="Periodická tabuľka">Periodická tabuľka chemických prvkov</a> </div> <div class="NavContent"> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" align="center" style="width:100%; font-size: 95%; border-collapse: collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1._skupina" title="1. skupina">1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2._skupina" title="2. skupina">2</a> </td> <td colspan="15" align="center"><a href="/wiki/3._skupina" title="3. skupina">3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/4._skupina" title="4. skupina">4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/5._skupina" title="5. skupina">5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/6._skupina" title="6. skupina">6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/7._skupina" title="7. skupina">7</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/8._skupina" title="8. skupina">8</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/9._skupina" title="9. skupina">9</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/10._skupina" title="10. skupina">10</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/11._skupina" title="11. skupina">11</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/12._skupina" title="12. skupina">12</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Triely" title="Triely">13</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tetrely" title="Tetrely">14</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pentely" title="Pentely">15</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chalkog%C3%A9ny" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalkogény">16</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Halog%C3%A9ny" class="mw-redirect" title="Halogény">17</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vz%C3%A1cny_plyn" title="Vzácny plyn"><span title="Vzácne plyny">18</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1._peri%C3%B3da" title="1. perióda">1</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Vod%C3%ADk" title="Vodík">H</a> </td> <td align="center" colspan="30">  </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lium" title="Hélium">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2._peri%C3%B3da" title="2. perióda">2</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ff6666" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADtium" title="Lítium">Li</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Ber%C3%BDlium" title="Berýlium">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24" align="center">  </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3r" title="Bór">B</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Uhl%C3%ADk" title="Uhlík">C</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Dus%C3%ADk" title="Dusík">N</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Kysl%C3%ADk" title="Kyslík">O</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Flu%C3%B3r" title="Fluór">F</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Ne%C3%B3n" title="Neón">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/3._peri%C3%B3da" title="3. perióda">3</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ff6666" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Sod%C3%ADk" title="Sodík">Na</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Hor%C4%8D%C3%ADk" title="Horčík">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24" align="center">  </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Hlin%C3%ADk" title="Hliník">Al</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Krem%C3%ADk" title="Kremík">Si</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">P</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADra" title="Síra">S</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Chl%C3%B3r" title="Chlór">Cl</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Arg%C3%B3n" title="Argón">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/4._peri%C3%B3da" title="4. perióda">4</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ff6666" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Drasl%C3%ADk" title="Draslík">K</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffdead" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1pnik" title="Vápnik">Ca</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Skandium" title="Skandium">Sc</a> </td> <td colspan="14" align="center">  </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Tit%C3%A1n_(chemick%C3%BD_prvok)" title="Titán (chemický prvok)">Ti</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Van%C3%A1d" title="Vanád">V</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Chr%C3%B3m" title="Chróm">Cr</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Mang%C3%A1n" title="Mangán">Mn</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDelezo" title="Železo">Fe</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt">Co</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel">Ni</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Me%C4%8F" title="Meď">Cu</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Zinok" title="Zinok">Zn</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1lium" title="Gálium">Ga</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Germ%C3%A1nium" title="Germánium">Ge</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Arz%C3%A9n" title="Arzén">As</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Sel%C3%A9n" title="Selén">Se</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%B3m" title="Bróm">Br</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Krypt%C3%B3n" title="Kryptón">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/5._peri%C3%B3da" title="5. perióda">5</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ff6666" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Rub%C3%ADdium" title="Rubídium">Rb</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffdead" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Stroncium" title="Stroncium">Sr</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Ytrium" title="Ytrium">Y</a> </td> <td colspan="14" align="center">  </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Zirk%C3%B3nium" title="Zirkónium">Zr</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%B3b" title="Niób">Nb</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Molybd%C3%A9n" title="Molybdén">Mo</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Techn%C3%A9cium" title="Technécium">Tc</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Rut%C3%A9nium" title="Ruténium">Ru</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3dium" title="Ródium">Rh</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Pal%C3%A1dium" title="Paládium">Pd</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Striebro" title="Striebro">Ag</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Kadmium" title="Kadmium">Cd</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%ADn" title="Cín">Sn</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Antim%C3%B3n" title="Antimón">Sb</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Tel%C3%BAr" title="Telúr">Te</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3d" title="Jód">I</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Xen%C3%B3n" title="Xenón">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="2%" align="center"><a href="/wiki/6._peri%C3%B3da" title="6. perióda">6</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ff6666" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9zium" title="Cézium">Cs</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffdead" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1rium" title="Bárium">Ba</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Lant%C3%A1n" title="Lantán">La</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9r" title="Cér">Ce</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Prazeod%C3%BDm" title="Prazeodým">Pr</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Neod%C3%BDm" title="Neodým">Nd</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Prom%C3%A9tium" title="Prométium">Pm</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Sam%C3%A1rium" title="Samárium">Sm</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B3pium" title="Európium">Eu</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff" style="border:1px solid #777"><a 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title="Platina">Pt</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Zlato" title="Zlato">Au</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Ortu%C5%A5" title="Ortuť">Hg</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1lium" title="Tálium">Tl</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Olovo" title="Olovo">Pb</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Bizmut" title="Bizmut">Bi</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%B3nium" title="Polónium">Po</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Ast%C3%A1t" title="Astát">At</a> </td> <td 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