CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="sk" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Skupenstvo – Wikipédia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )skwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","január","február","marec","apríl","máj","jún","júl","august","september","október","november","december"],"wgRequestId":"cdff6845-8f38-4f8b-af99-eaa44074ff32","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Skupenstvo","wgTitle":"Skupenstvo","wgCurRevisionId":7544128,"wgRevisionId":7544128,"wgArticleId":40095,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Portál:Fyzika/Zapojené články","Portál:Chémia/Zapojené články","Wikipédia:Články priamo volajúce šablónu Portál","Skupenstvá hmoty","Fyzika kondenzovaného stavu"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"sk","wgPageContentLanguage":"sk","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Skupenstvo","wgRelevantArticleId":40095,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject": "wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"sk","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"sk"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":9000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q11430","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.2"}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.edit-summaries","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents" ,"ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=sk&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=sk&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=sk&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Skupenstvo – Wikipédia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//sk.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skupenstvo"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Upraviť" href="/w/index.php?title=Skupenstvo&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipédia (sk)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//sk.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skupenstvo"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sk"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Atom kanál Wikipédia" href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Posledn%C3%A9%C3%9Apravy&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Skupenstvo rootpage-Skupenstvo skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Preskočiť na obsah</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hlavné menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hlavné menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hlavné menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">presunúť do postranného panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">skryť</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigácia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hlavn%C3%A1_str%C3%A1nka" title="Navštíviť Hlavnú stránku [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hlavná stránka</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Port%C3%A1l_komunity" title="O projekte, ako môžete prispieť, kde čo nájsť"><span>Portál komunity</span></a></li><li id="n-kaviaren" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Kaviare%C5%88"><span>Kaviareň</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Posledn%C3%A9%C3%9Apravy" title="Zoznam posledných úprav na tejto wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Posledné úpravy</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:N%C3%A1hodn%C3%A1" title="Zobraziť náhodnú stránku [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Náhodná stránka</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomoc:Obsah" title="Miesto, kde nájdete pomoc"><span>Pomocník</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hlavn%C3%A1_str%C3%A1nka" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipédia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Slobodná encyklopédia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-sk.svg" width="118" height="13" style="width: 7.375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:H%C4%BEadanie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Vyhľadať na Wikipédia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Hľadať</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Hľadať na Wikipédii" aria-label="Hľadať na Wikipédii" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Vyhľadať na Wikipédia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Špeciálne:Hľadanie"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Hľadať</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Osobné nástroje"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Vzhľad"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Zmeniť vzhľad veľkosti písma, šírky stránky a farby" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vzhľad" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vzhľad</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sk.wikipedia.org&uselang=sk" class=""><span>Prispieť</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Vytvorenie%C3%9A%C4%8Dtu&returnto=Skupenstvo" title="Odporúčame vytvoriť si vlastný účet a prihlásiť sa, nie je to však povinné." class=""><span>Vytvoriť účet</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Prihl%C3%A1seniePou%C5%BE%C3%ADvate%C4%BEa&returnto=Skupenstvo" title="Odporúčame vám prihlásiť sa, nie je to však povinné. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Prihlásiť sa</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Ďalšie možnosti" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Osobné nástroje" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Osobné nástroje</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Uživatelské menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sk.wikipedia.org&uselang=sk"><span>Prispieť</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Vytvorenie%C3%9A%C4%8Dtu&returnto=Skupenstvo" title="Odporúčame vytvoriť si vlastný účet a prihlásiť sa, nie je to však povinné."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Vytvoriť účet</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Prihl%C3%A1seniePou%C5%BE%C3%ADvate%C4%BEa&returnto=Skupenstvo" title="Odporúčame vám prihlásiť sa, nie je to však povinné. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Prihlásiť sa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stránky pre odhlásených redaktorov <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:%C3%9Avod" aria-label="Viac informácií o editovaní"><span>zistiť viac</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:MojePr%C3%ADspevky" title="Zoznam úprav vykonaných z tejto IP adresy [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Príspevky</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:MojaDiskusia" title="Diskusia o úpravách z tejto ip adresy [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskusia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Enezobrazovať\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"anonnotice\" lang=\"sk\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Ctable width=\"100%\" class=\"skin-nightmode-reset-color\" style=\"background:var( --background-color-base, #FFF); color:#27408B;\"\u003E\n\n\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr valign=\"top\"\u003E\n\u003Ctd style=\"text-align:center;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"display: flex; text-align:center; border: 1px solid black;\" class=\"plainlinks\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:0.5em; padding-top:0.2em; margin-bottom: -0.4em;\"\u003E\u003Cfigure class=\"mw-halign-left\" typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:%C3%81zijsk%C3%BD_mesiac_Wikip%C3%A9die\" title=\"Ázijský mesiac Wikipédie\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Ázijský mesiac Wikipédie\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/WAM_logo_without_text.svg/38px-WAM_logo_without_text.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"38\" height=\"41\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/WAM_logo_without_text.svg/57px-WAM_logo_without_text.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/WAM_logo_without_text.svg/76px-WAM_logo_without_text.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"800\" data-file-height=\"859\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cfigcaption\u003EÁzijský mesiac Wikipédie\u003C/figcaption\u003E\u003C/figure\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align:center; flex: 1; margin: 0.2em 0;\"\u003E\u003Cbig\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:%C3%81zijsk%C3%BD_mesiac_Wikip%C3%A9die_2024\" title=\"Wikipédia:Ázijský mesiac Wikipédie 2024\"\u003EÁzijský mesiac Wikipédie 2024\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/big\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\u003Cb\u003EZapojte sa a\u0026#160;získajte cenu\u003C/b\u003E\n\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Obsah" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Obsah</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">presunúť do postranného panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skryť</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Začiatok</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Fáza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fáza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Fáza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fáza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jednotlivé_skupenstvá" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jednotlivé_skupenstvá"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Jednotlivé skupenstvá</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Jednotlivé_skupenstvá-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Jednotlivé skupenstvá</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Jednotlivé_skupenstvá-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ďalšie_skupenstvá" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ďalšie_skupenstvá"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ďalšie skupenstvá</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ďalšie_skupenstvá-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prechody_medzi_skupenstvami/fázami" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prechody_medzi_skupenstvami/fázami"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Prechody medzi skupenstvami/fázami</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prechody_medzi_skupenstvami/fázami-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Prechody medzi skupenstvami/fázami</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Prechody_medzi_skupenstvami/fázami-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pevná_látka_–_kvapalina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pevná_látka_–_kvapalina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Pevná látka – kvapalina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pevná_látka_–_kvapalina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kvapalina_–_plyn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kvapalina_–_plyn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Kvapalina – plyn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kvapalina_–_plyn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pevná_látka_–_plyn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pevná_látka_–_plyn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Pevná látka – plyn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pevná_látka_–_plyn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prechod_k_plazme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prechod_k_plazme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Prechod k plazme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prechod_k_plazme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prechod_ku_kvarkovo-gluónovej_plazme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prechod_ku_kvarkovo-gluónovej_plazme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Prechod ku kvarkovo-gluónovej plazme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prechod_ku_kvarkovo-gluónovej_plazme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referencie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iné_projekty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iné_projekty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Iné projekty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iné_projekty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prepnúť obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prepnúť obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Skupenstvo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prejsť na článok v inom jazyku. Je dostupný v 114 jazykoch" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-114" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">114 jazykov</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toestand_van_materie" title="Toestand van materie – afrikánčina" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Toestand van materie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregatzustand" title="Aggregatzustand – nemčina (švajčiarska)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Aggregatzustand" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="nemčina (švajčiarska)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estau_d%27a_materia" title="Estau d'a materia – aragónčina" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Estau d'a materia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="حالة المادة – arabčina" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حالة المادة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE" title="পদাৰ্থৰ অৱস্থা – ásamčina" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পদাৰ্থৰ অৱস্থা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ásamčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%A1u_d%27agregaci%C3%B3n_de_la_materia" title="Estáu d'agregación de la materia – astúrčina" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Estáu d'agregación de la materia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astúrčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madd%C9%99l%C9%99rin_aqreqat_hal%C4%B1" title="Maddələrin aqreqat halı – azerbajdžančina" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Maddələrin aqreqat halı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ماده حالتلری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ماده حالتلری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82_%D1%85%D3%99%D0%BB" title="Агрегат хәл – baškirčina" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Агрегат хәл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medeguos_faz%C4%97" title="Medeguos fazė – žemaitština" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Medeguos fazė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="žemaitština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Агрэгатны стан – bieloruština" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Агрэгатны стан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bieloruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Агрэгатны стан – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Агрэгатны стан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Агрегатно състояние – bulharčina" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Агрегатно състояние" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE" title="পদার্থের অবস্থা – bengálčina" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পদার্থের অবস্থা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengálčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agregatno_stanje" title="Agregatno stanje – bosniačtina" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Agregatno stanje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniačtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B1" title="Бодосой түлэб – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Бодосой түлэб" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estat_de_la_mat%C3%A8ria" title="Estat de la matèria – katalánčina" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estat de la matèria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%ACk-c%C3%A9k_c%C3%A2ung-t%C3%A1i" title="Ŭk-cék câung-tái – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ŭk-cék câung-tái" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%86%D8%AE%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AF%DB%95" title="دۆخی ماددە – kurdčina (sorání)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دۆخی ماددە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdčina (sorání)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skupenstv%C3%AD" title="Skupenství – čeština" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Skupenství" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čeština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BC" title="Агрегатла тăрăм – čuvaština" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Агрегатла тăрăм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyflwr_mater" title="Cyflwr mater – waleština" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cyflwr mater" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="waleština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregattilstand" title="Aggregattilstand – dánčina" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Aggregattilstand" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregatzustand" title="Aggregatzustand – nemčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Aggregatzustand" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Κατάσταση της ύλης – gréčtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κατάσταση της ύλης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gréčtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter" title="State of matter – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="State of matter" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materistato" title="Materistato – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Materistato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_de_agregaci%C3%B3n_de_la_materia" title="Estado de agregación de la materia – španielčina" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estado de agregación de la materia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španielčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agregaatolek" title="Agregaatolek – estónčina" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Agregaatolek" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materiaren_egoera" title="Materiaren egoera – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Materiaren egoera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estaus_F%C3%A1sicus_de_Mat%C3%A9ria" title="Estaus Fásicus de Matéria – extremadurština" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Estaus Fásicus de Matéria" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremadurština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87" title="حالت ماده – perzština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حالت ماده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomuoto" title="Olomuoto – fínčina" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Olomuoto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fínčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tat_de_la_mati%C3%A8re" title="État de la matière – francúzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="État de la matière" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francúzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tustant_(F%C3%BCsiik)" title="Tustant (Füsiik) – severná frízština" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tustant (Füsiik)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="severná frízština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregaasjetast%C3%A2n" title="Aggregaasjetastân – západná frízština" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Aggregaasjetastân" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="západná frízština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staid_damhna" title="Staid damhna – írčina" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Staid damhna" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="írčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9ta_di_maty%C3%A8r" title="Léta di matyèr – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Léta di matyèr" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_de_agregaci%C3%B3n_da_materia" title="Estado de agregación da materia – galícijčina" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Estado de agregación da materia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galícijčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vu%CC%8Dt-ch%E1%B9%B3t_chhong-thai" title="Vu̍t-chṳt chhong-thai – čínština (dialekty Hakka)" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Vu̍t-chṳt chhong-thai" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Hakka)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%91_%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94" title="מצב צבירה – hebrejčina" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מצב צבירה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81" title="पदार्थ की अवस्थाएँ – hindčina" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पदार्थ की अवस्थाएँ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_of_matter" title="States of matter – hindština (Fidži)" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="States of matter" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindština (Fidži)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agregacijsko_stanje" title="Agregacijsko stanje – chorvátčina" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Agregacijsko stanje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvátčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eta_maty%C3%A8" title="Eta matyè – haitská kreolčina" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Eta matyè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitská kreolčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halmaz%C3%A1llapot" title="Halmazállapot – maďarčina" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Halmazállapot" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Ագրեգատային վիճակ – arménčina" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ագրեգատային վիճակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stato_de_materia" title="Stato de materia – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Stato de materia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wujud_materi" title="Wujud materi – indonézština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wujud materi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonézština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statu_de_materie" title="Statu de materie – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Statu de materie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efnishamur" title="Efnishamur – islandčina" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Efnishamur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stato_della_materia" title="Stato della materia – taliančina" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stato della materia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="taliančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA%E3%81%AE%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B" title="物質の状態 – japončina" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="物質の状態" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japončina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wujud_dat" title="Wujud dat – jávčina" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wujud dat" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jávčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%93%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="აგრეგატული მდგომარეობა – gruzínčina" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აგრეგატული მდგომარეობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzínčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addaden_n_tenga" title="Addaden n tenga – kabylčina" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Addaden n tenga" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%B9" title="Агрегаттық күй – kazaština" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Агрегаттық күй" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF" title="ದ್ರವ್ಯ ಸ್ಥಿತಿ – kannadčina" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ದ್ರವ್ಯ ಸ್ಥಿತಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannadčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%BC%EC%A7%88%EC%9D%98_%EC%83%81%ED%83%9C" title="물질의 상태 – kórejčina" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="물질의 상태" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="kórejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Агрегаттык абал – kirgizština" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Агрегаттык абал" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Status_materiae" title="Status materiae – latinčina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Status materiae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregatietoestandj" title="Aggregatietoestandj – limburčina" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Aggregatietoestandj" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stat_de_la_materia" title="Stat de la materia – lombardština" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Stat de la materia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agregatin%C4%97_b%C5%ABsena" title="Agregatinė būsena – litovčina" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Agregatinė būsena" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litovčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agreg%C4%81tst%C4%81voklis" title="Agregātstāvoklis – lotyština" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Agregātstāvoklis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lotyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Эмен улмылык – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Эмен улмылык" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Состојба на материјата – macedónčina" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Состојба на материјата" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="ദ്രവ്യത്തിന്റെ അവസ്ഥകൾ – malajálamčina" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ദ്രവ്യത്തിന്റെ അവസ്ഥകൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajálamčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D3%A9%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%B2" title="Бодисын төлөв – mongolčina" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бодисын төлөв" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE" title="द्रव्याच्या अवस्था – maráthčina" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="द्रव्याच्या अवस्था" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maráthčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keadaan_jirim" title="Keadaan jirim – malajčina" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Keadaan jirim" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%BC%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7%E1%81%8F_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%A1%E1%80%94%E1%80%B1" title="ဒြပ်တို့၏ အခြေအနေ – barmčina" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဒြပ်တို့၏ အခြေအနေ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="barmčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregaattostand" title="Aggregaattostand – dolná nemčina" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Aggregaattostand" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="dolná nemčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregatietoestand" title="Aggregatietoestand – holandčina" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aggregatietoestand" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregattilstand" title="Aggregattilstand – nórčina (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Aggregattilstand" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nórčina (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregattilstand" title="Aggregattilstand – nórčina (bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Aggregattilstand" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="nórčina (bokmal)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estat_de_la_mat%C3%A8ria" title="Estat de la matèria – okcitánčina" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Estat de la matèria" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falkaalee_watootaa" title="Falkaalee watootaa – oromčina" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Falkaalee watootaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A5_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82" title="ਪਦਾਰਥ ਦੀਆਂ ਅਵਸਥਾਵਾਂ – pandžábčina" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਦਾਰਥ ਦੀਆਂ ਅਵਸਥਾਵਾਂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžábčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadonan_di_agregashon" title="Estadonan di agregashon – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Estadonan di agregashon" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_skupienia_materii" title="Stan skupienia materii – poľština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stan skupienia materii" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poľština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%92_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%88%D9%86%DA%88" title="مادے دی ونڈ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مادے دی ونڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_f%C3%ADsico_da_mat%C3%A9ria" title="Estado físico da matéria – portugalčina" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estado físico da matéria" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%27inki_kachkay" title="T'inki kachkay – kečuánčina" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="T'inki kachkay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečuánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stare_de_agregare" title="Stare de agregare – rumunčina" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Stare de agregare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Агрегатное состояние – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Агрегатное состояние" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agregatna_stanja" title="Agregatna stanja – srbochorvátčina" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Agregatna stanja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvátčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%85%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%92" title="පදාර්ථයේ අවධි – sinhalčina" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පදාර්ථයේ අවධි" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_of_matter" title="States of matter – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="States of matter" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agregatno_stanje" title="Agregatno stanje – slovinčina" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Agregatno stanje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muringo" title="Muringo – šončina" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Muringo" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="šončina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjendja_agregate" title="Gjendja agregate – albánčina" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjendja agregate" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Агрегатно стање – srbčina" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Агрегатно стање" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregationstillst%C3%A5nd" title="Aggregationstillstånd – švédčina" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Aggregationstillstånd" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hali_maada" title="Hali maada – swahilčina" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Hali maada" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="பொருட்களின் நிலை – tamilčina" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பொருட்களின் நிலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%82_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF" title="పదార్థం స్థితి – telugčina" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పదార్థం స్థితి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B0_(%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3)" title="สถานะ (สสาร) – thajčina" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สถานะ (สสาร)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thajčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%B5%E1%8A%90%E1%89%B5_%E1%8A%90%E1%8C%88%E1%88%AD" title="ኵነት ነገር – tigriňa" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ኵነት ነገር" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="tigriňa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maddenin_h%C3%A2lleri" title="Maddenin hâlleri – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Maddenin hâlleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Агрегатний стан – ukrajinčina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Агрегатний стан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%92_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA" title="مادے کی حالت – urdčina" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مادے کی حالت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moddaning_agregat_holatlari" title="Moddaning agregat holatlari – uzbečtina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Moddaning agregat holatlari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agregatine_olend" title="Agregatine olend – vepština" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Agregatine olend" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A1ng_th%C3%A1i_v%E1%BA%ADt_ch%E1%BA%A5t" title="Trạng thái vật chất – vietnamčina" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trạng thái vật chất" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregoatietoestand" title="Aggregoatietoestand – vlámština (západní)" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Aggregoatietoestand" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="vlámština (západní)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_han_materya" title="Estado han materya – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Estado han materya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81" title="物质状态 – čínština (wu)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="物质状态" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="čínština (wu)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A2" title="צושטאנד פון מאטעריע – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="צושטאנד פון מאטעריע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81" title="物质状态 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="物质状态" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E6%85%8B" title="物態 – čínština (klasická)" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="物態" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="čínština (klasická)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%CC%8Dt-chit_ch%C5%8Dng-th%C3%A0i" title="Bu̍t-chit chōng-thài – čínština (dialekty Minnan)" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bu̍t-chit chōng-thài" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Minnan)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E6%85%8B" title="相態 – kantončina" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="相態" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantončina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izimo_zotho" title="Izimo zotho – zuluština" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Izimo zotho" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zuluština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11430#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Upraviť medzijazykové odkazy" class="wbc-editpage">Upraviť odkazy</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Menné priestory"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Skupenstvo" title="Zobraziť obsah stránky [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stránka</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskusia:Skupenstvo" rel="discussion" title="Diskusia o obsahu stránky [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Změnit variantu jazyka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">slovenčina</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Zobrazenia"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Skupenstvo"><span>Čítať</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skupenstvo&veaction=edit" title="Upraviť túto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Upraviť</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skupenstvo&action=edit" title="Upraviť zdrojový kód tejto stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Upraviť zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skupenstvo&action=history" title="Minulé revízie tejto stránky. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Zobraziť históriu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje stránky"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Nástroje" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Nástroje</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nástroje</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">presunúť do postranného panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skryť</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Další možnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Akcie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Skupenstvo"><span>Čítať</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skupenstvo&veaction=edit" title="Upraviť túto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Upraviť</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skupenstvo&action=edit" title="Upraviť zdrojový kód tejto stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Upraviť zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skupenstvo&action=history"><span>Zobraziť históriu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Všeobecné </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:%C4%8CoOdkazujeSem/Skupenstvo" title="Zoznam všetkých wiki stránok, ktoré sem odkazujú [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Odkazy na túto stránku</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:S%C3%BAvisiacePosledn%C3%A9%C3%9Apravy/Skupenstvo" rel="nofollow" title="Posledné úpravy na stránkach, na ktoré odkazuje táto stránka [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Súvisiace úpravy</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=sk" title="Nahranie súborov [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Nahrať súbor</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lneStr%C3%A1nky" title="Zoznam všetkých špeciálnych stránok [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Špeciálne stránky</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skupenstvo&oldid=7544128" title="Trvalý odkaz na túto verziu stránky"><span>Trvalý odkaz</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skupenstvo&action=info" title="Viac informácií o tejto stránke"><span>Informácie o stránke</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Citova%C5%A5&page=Skupenstvo&id=7544128&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informácie ako citovať túto stránku"><span>Citovať túto stránku</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsk.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSkupenstvo"><span>Získať skrátené URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsk.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSkupenstvo"><span>Stiahnuť QR kód</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tlačiť/exportovať </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Knihy&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Skupenstvo"><span>Vytvoriť knihu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:DownloadAsPdf&page=Skupenstvo&action=show-download-screen"><span>Stiahnuť ako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skupenstvo&printable=yes" title="Verzia tejto stránky pre tlač [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Verzia pre tlač</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> V iných projektoch </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:States_of_aggregation" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikiquote.org/wiki/Skupenstvo" hreflang="sk"><span>Wikicitáty</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11430" title="Odkaz na prepojenú položku dátového úložiska [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Položka Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje stránky"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Vzhľad"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Vzhľad</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">presunúť do postranného panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skryť</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">z Wikipédie, slobodnej encyklopédie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sk" dir="ltr"><p><b>Skupenstvo</b> alebo <b>fáza</b> je charakteristika fyzikálneho stavu <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1tka_(ch%C3%A9mia)" title="Látka (chémia)">látky</a> (predovšetkým usporiadanosti <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Castica" class="mw-disambig" title="Častica">častíc</a> v nej) podľa <a href="/wiki/Teplota" title="Teplota">teploty</a> a <a href="/wiki/Tlak" title="Tlak">tlaku</a>. Závisí od vzťahu medzi <a href="/wiki/Kinetick%C3%A1_energia" title="Kinetická energia">kinetickou energiou</a> častíc a energiou ich vzájomného pôsobenia. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fáza"><span id="F.C3.A1za"></span>Fáza</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skupenstvo&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Upraviť sekciu: Fáza" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skupenstvo&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Fáza"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Bližšie informácie v hlavnom článku: <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1za_(termodynamika)" title="Fáza (termodynamika)">Fáza (termodynamika)</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Rôzne skupenstvá tej istej látky sa nazývajú <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1za_(termodynamika)" title="Fáza (termodynamika)">fázy</a>, napríklad <a href="/wiki/Mlieko_(cicavce)" title="Mlieko (cicavce)">mlieko</a> pozostáva z dvoch „fáz“ – <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">vody</a> (tekuté skupenstvo) a <a href="/wiki/Tuk" class="mw-disambig" title="Tuk">tuku</a> (pevné skupenstvo). Tento pojem je však relatívny – závisí od stupňa podrobnosti skúmania danej látky. Pri povrchnom skúmaní sa dá napríklad aj tvrdiť, že mlieko je len jednofázové – tekuté, a pojmy fáza a skupenstvo potom splývajú. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cist%C3%A1_l%C3%A1tka" title="Čistá látka">Čistá látka</a> môže v rovnovážnom stave za danej <a href="/wiki/Teplota" title="Teplota">teploty</a> a <a href="/wiki/Tlak" title="Tlak">tlaku</a> existovať buď v jednej, v dvoch alebo najviac v troch fázach súčasne. Graficky to opisuje <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1zov%C3%BD_diagram" title="Fázový diagram">fázový diagram</a>, niekedy nazývaný aj <i>stavový diagram</i>. Na os <i>x</i> sa zvyčajne nanáša teplota a na os <i>y</i> tlak. Jednotlivé oblasti roviny grafu zodpovedajú existencii jedinej fázy, hraničné krivky medzi oblasťami zodpovedajú koexistencii dvoch fáz a v bodoch, v ktorých sa stretávajú tri krivky (tzv. <a href="/wiki/Trojn%C3%BD_bod" title="Trojný bod">trojný bod</a>), môžu existovať súčasne tri fázy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jednotlivé_skupenstvá"><span id="Jednotliv.C3.A9_skupenstv.C3.A1"></span>Jednotlivé skupenstvá</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skupenstvo&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Upraviť sekciu: Jednotlivé skupenstvá" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skupenstvo&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Jednotlivé skupenstvá"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Klasické skupenstvá:termochémia </p> <ul><li>Pevné skupenstvo (označenie <b>s</b>,<i><sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> z latinského <i>solidus</i>): <a href="/wiki/Pevn%C3%A1_l%C3%A1tka" title="Pevná látka">Pevná látka</a> sa vyznačuje pevným, často pravidelným usporiadaním častíc. Teleso z pevnej látky udržuje svoj tvar, aj keď nie je uzavreté do nejakého objemu. Sily medzi časticami pevnej látky sú obvykle silnejšie ako sily, ktoré by spôsobili jeho rozpad, najčastejšie sa uvažuje <a href="/wiki/Gravita%C4%8Dn%C3%A1_sila" title="Gravitačná sila">gravitačná sila</a> s veľkosťou porovnateľnou s pozemskými podmienkami.</li></ul> <ul><li>Kvapalné skupenstvo (označenie <b>l</b>,<i><sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> z latinského <i>liquidus</i>): V <a href="/wiki/Kvapalina" title="Kvapalina">kvapaline</a> sú častice látky stále držané pohromade slabými <a href="/wiki/Sila" title="Sila">silami</a>, ale už nie sú pevne usporiadané. Kvapaliny sa nedajú stlačiť. Kvapalinu treba uschovávať v nádobách, pretože nedokáže udržať svoj tvar – rozlieva sa. Hovoríme, že kvapalina je <a href="/wiki/Tekutina" title="Tekutina">tekutina</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li>Plynné skupenstvo (označenie <b>g</b>,<i><sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> z latinského <i>gaseus</i>): <a href="/wiki/Plyn" title="Plyn">Plyn</a> patrí s kvapalinou do skupiny <a href="/wiki/Tekutina" title="Tekutina">tekutín</a>. Častice plynu už nedržia pohromade žiadne sily a ovplyvňujú sa len pri vzájomných zrážkach. Oproti kvapaline býva plyn oveľa ľahšie stlačiteľný. Plyn sa nedá skladovať v otvorenej nádobe, musíme ho uzavrieť zo všetkých strán, pretože hoci <a href="/wiki/Stredn%C3%A1_vo%C4%BEn%C3%A1_dr%C3%A1ha" title="Stredná voľná dráha">stredná voľná dráha</a> častíc je zvyčajne pomerne malá, predsa len by postupne z nádoby vyprchával. Zrejme by sa nám ani nepáčilo jeho postupné miešanie s okolitým plynom.</li></ul> <p>Podľa novších definícií sa pojmy pevné skupenstvo a kvapalné skupenstvo rušia a nahradzujú trocha inak definovanými pojmami kryštalické a amorfné skupenstvo (pozri <a href="/wiki/Kry%C5%A1t%C3%A1l" title="Kryštál">kryštál</a> a <a href="/wiki/Amorfn%C3%A1_l%C3%A1tka" title="Amorfná látka">amorfná látka</a>). </p><p>V <a href="/wiki/Termoch%C3%A9mia" title="Termochémia">termochémii</a> sa skupenstvo látok uvádza priamo do <a href="/wiki/Chemick%C3%A1_rovnica" title="Chemická rovnica">chemickej rovnice</a>, z ktorej sa potom stáva <a href="/wiki/Termochemick%C3%A1_rovnica" title="Termochemická rovnica">termochemická rovnica</a>.<i><sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> V chémii sa okrem označení s, l a g používa i označenie <b>aq</b> (z latinského <i>aquosus</i>), ktoré označuje roztoky. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ďalšie_skupenstvá"><span id=".C4.8Eal.C5.A1ie_skupenstv.C3.A1"></span>Ďalšie skupenstvá</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skupenstvo&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Upraviť sekciu: Ďalšie skupenstvá" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skupenstvo&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Ďalšie skupenstvá"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Medzi ďalšie, menej bežné skupenstvá, patria napríklad: </p> <ul><li>Za štvrté skupenstvo sa zvyčajne považuje <a href="/wiki/Plazma" class="mw-disambig" title="Plazma">plazma</a>. Je to trochu zvláštne skupenstvo, pretože <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A9mia" title="Chémia">chémia</a> už nedokáže opísať správanie látok v ňom. Z <a href="/wiki/Fyzika" title="Fyzika">fyzikálneho</a> hľadiska ale nie je jedno, či ide napríklad o plazmu <a href="/wiki/Vod%C3%ADk" title="Vodík">vodíkovú</a> alebo <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lium" title="Hélium">héliovú</a>. Podstatným kritériom, podľa ktorého môžeme rozhodnúť, či je látka plazmou, je existencia niektorých kolektívnych procesov, napríklad spoločnej špecifickej reakcie na <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetick%C3%A9_pole" title="Elektromagnetické pole">elektromagnetické pole</a>. 99 % všetkej hmoty vo <a href="/wiki/Vesm%C3%ADr" title="Vesmír">vesmíre</a> je v skupenstve plazmy.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvarkovo-glu%C3%B3nov%C3%A1_plazma" title="Kvarkovo-gluónová plazma">kvarkovo-gluónová plazma</a> sa označuje skupenstvo, ktoré sa dosahuje pri veľmi vysokej teplote (väčšej ako 10<sup>12</sup> K), kedy sa <a href="/wiki/Kvark" title="Kvark">kvarky</a> a <a href="/wiki/Glu%C3%B3n" title="Gluón">gluóny</a> začnú správať ako voľné častice. V tomto prípade už naozaj stráca zmysel hovoriť o prvkoch, z ktorých je látka zložená. Prvý raz bolo pozorované v <a href="/wiki/90._roky_20._storo%C4%8Dia" title="90. roky 20. storočia">90. rokoch 20. storočia</a> pri zrážkach jadier ťažkých prvkov na <a href="/wiki/Ur%C3%BDch%C4%BEova%C4%8D_%C4%8Dast%C3%ADc" title="Urýchľovač častíc">urýchľovačoch</a>. Jeho objav oznámili <a href="/wiki/10._febru%C3%A1r" title="10. február">10. februára</a> <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boseho-Einsteinov_kondenz%C3%A1t" title="Boseho-Einsteinov kondenzát">Boseho-Einsteinov kondenzát</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermi%C3%B3nov%C3%BD_kondez%C3%A1t&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fermiónový kondezát (stránka neexistuje)">fermiónový kondezát</a> (prvýkrát vytvorený americkou fyzičkou Deborah Jin v roku 2003)</li></ul> <p>„Exotické“ skupenstvá: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supratekut%C3%A1_l%C3%A1tka" title="Supratekutá látka">supratekutá látka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suprapevn%C3%A1_l%C3%A1tka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suprapevná látka (stránka neexistuje)">suprapevná látka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Degenerovan%C3%A1_l%C3%A1tka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Degenerovaná látka (stránka neexistuje)">degenerovaná látka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silno_symetrick%C3%A1_l%C3%A1tka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silno symetrická látka (stránka neexistuje)">silno symetrická látka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slabo_symetrick%C3%A1_l%C3%A1tka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slabo symetrická látka (stránka neexistuje)">slabo symetrická látka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Podivn%C3%A1_hmota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Podivná hmota (stránka neexistuje)">podivná hmota</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prechody_medzi_skupenstvami/fázami"><span id="Prechody_medzi_skupenstvami.2Ff.C3.A1zami"></span>Prechody medzi skupenstvami/fázami</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skupenstvo&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Upraviť sekciu: Prechody medzi skupenstvami/fázami" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skupenstvo&action=edit&section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Prechody medzi skupenstvami/fázami"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prechodmi hmoty z jedného skupenstva na druhé (fázový prechod) sa zaoberá <a href="/wiki/Termodynamika" title="Termodynamika">termodynamika</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pevná_látka_–_kvapalina"><span id="Pevn.C3.A1_l.C3.A1tka_.E2.80.93_kvapalina"></span>Pevná látka – kvapalina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skupenstvo&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Upraviť sekciu: Pevná látka – kvapalina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skupenstvo&action=edit&section=5" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Pevná látka – kvapalina"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prechodu od pevnej látky ku kvapaline hovoríme <a href="/wiki/Topenie" title="Topenie">topenie</a>. Opačný jav sa nazýva <a href="/wiki/Tuhnutie" title="Tuhnutie">tuhnutie</a>. Aby teleso prešlo z pevnej fázy do kvapalnej, musíme mu dodať <a href="/wiki/Skupensk%C3%A9_teplo_topenia" title="Skupenské teplo topenia">skupenské teplo topenia</a>. Na mikroskopickej úrovni sa to rovná dodaniu energie častici, ktorá bude väčšia ako energia väzby, ktorá časticu v pevnej látke drží. </p><p>Netreba, aby pevné teleso malo nejakú konkrétnu <a href="/wiki/Teplota" title="Teplota">teplotu</a>, aby sa niektoré častice z neho uvoľňovali do kvapalnej fázy. No v prípade, že teplota dosiahne <a href="/wiki/Teplota_topenia" title="Teplota topenia">bodu topenia</a>, prechod do kvapalnej fázy nastane spontánne v celom jeho objeme. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kvapalina_–_plyn"><span id="Kvapalina_.E2.80.93_plyn"></span>Kvapalina – plyn</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skupenstvo&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Upraviť sekciu: Kvapalina – plyn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skupenstvo&action=edit&section=6" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Kvapalina – plyn"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prechod od kvapaliny k plynu sa nazýva <a href="/wiki/Vyparovanie" title="Vyparovanie">vyparovanie</a>. Opačný jav sa nazýva <a href="/wiki/Kondenz%C3%A1cia" class="mw-disambig" title="Kondenzácia">kondenzácia</a> (skvapalňovanie). Aby teleso prešlo z kvapalnej fázy do plynnej, musíme mu dodať <a href="/wiki/Skupensk%C3%A9_teplo_varu" title="Skupenské teplo varu">skupenské teplo varu</a>. Na mikroskopickej úrovni sa to rovná dodaniu energie častici, ktorá bude väčšia ako energia väzby, ktorá časticu v kvapaline drží. </p><p>Netreba, aby kvapalné teleso malo nejakú konkrétnu <a href="/wiki/Teplota" title="Teplota">teplotu</a>, aby sa niektoré častice z neho uvoľňovali do plynnej fázy. No v prípade, že teplota dosiahne <a href="/wiki/Teplota_varu" title="Teplota varu">teplotu varu</a>, prechod do plynnej fázy nastane spontánne v celom jeho objeme. Vtedy hovoríme o <a href="/wiki/Var" class="mw-disambig" title="Var">vare</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pevná_látka_–_plyn"><span id="Pevn.C3.A1_l.C3.A1tka_.E2.80.93_plyn"></span>Pevná látka – plyn</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skupenstvo&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Upraviť sekciu: Pevná látka – plyn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skupenstvo&action=edit&section=7" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Pevná látka – plyn"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ak častici na makroskopickej úrovni dodáme toľko energie, že sa pretrhne nie len väzba, ktorá ju držala na pevnom mieste, ale aj väzba, ktorá by ju udržala v kvapaline, častica sa uvoľní ako plyn. V niektorých vhodných prípadoch možno tento prechod pozorovať aj na makroskopickej úrovni a hovorí sa mu <a href="/wiki/Sublim%C3%A1cia" class="mw-disambig" title="Sublimácia">sublimácia</a>. Opačný jav sa nazýva <a href="/wiki/Desublim%C3%A1cia" title="Desublimácia">desublimácia</a>. Niekedy sa môžeme stretnúť s pojmom <a href="/wiki/Sublim%C3%A1cia" class="mw-disambig" title="Sublimácia">sublimácia</a> pre obidva smery. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prechod_k_plazme">Prechod k plazme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skupenstvo&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Upraviť sekciu: Prechod k plazme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skupenstvo&action=edit&section=8" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Prechod k plazme"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tu nie je rozhodujúce, či prvé skupenstvo je plynné, kvapalné alebo pevné. Látka sa zmení kvalitatívne v úplne novom smere – uvoľní časť alebo všetky svoje elektróny z atómových obalov. Rozhodujúce pritom nie je, ako silná <a href="/wiki/Ioniz%C3%A1cia" title="Ionizácia">ionizácia</a> prebehne, ale či táto ionizácia bude mať vplyv na kolektívne správanie látky. Aj veľmi slabo ionizovaná látka môže byť plazmou (napríklad <a href="/wiki/Ionosf%C3%A9ra" title="Ionosféra">ionosféra</a>), ale na druhej strane taký plameň <a href="/wiki/Ohe%C5%88" title="Oheň">ohňa</a> sa za plazmu zvyčajne nepovažuje. </p><p>Ekvivalentom skupenského tepla tu môže byť energia potrebná na ionizáciu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prechod_ku_kvarkovo-gluónovej_plazme"><span id="Prechod_ku_kvarkovo-glu.C3.B3novej_plazme"></span>Prechod ku kvarkovo-gluónovej plazme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skupenstvo&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Upraviť sekciu: Prechod ku kvarkovo-gluónovej plazme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skupenstvo&action=edit&section=9" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Prechod ku kvarkovo-gluónovej plazme"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tento prechod bol zatiaľ pozorovaný len vo veľmi špeciálnych prípadoch. Dodnes nie je úplne jasné, aké deje pri prechode z normálneho stavu hmoty (v zmysle existencie <a href="/wiki/Nukle%C3%B3n" title="Nukleón">nukleónov</a>) do stavu kvarkovo-gluónovej plazmy prebiehajú. Veľa odpovedí pravdepodobne prinesie <a href="/wiki/Ur%C3%BDch%C4%BEova%C4%8D_%C4%8Dast%C3%ADc" title="Urýchľovač častíc">urýchľovač častíc</a> <a href="/wiki/Ve%C4%BEk%C3%BD_hadr%C3%B3nov%C3%BD_ur%C3%BDch%C4%BEova%C4%8D" title="Veľký hadrónový urýchľovač">LHC (<i>Large Hadron Collider</i>)</a> v <a href="/wiki/CERN" class="mw-redirect" title="CERN">CERNe</a> s práve (rok 2005) dokončovanou sústavou detektorov pre projekt ALICE (<i>A Large Ion Collider Experiment</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencie">Referencie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skupenstvo&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Upraviť sekciu: Referencie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skupenstvo&action=edit&section=10" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Referencie"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-2"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-3"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">d</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">termochémia. In: BÍNA, Jaroslav. <i>Malá encyklopédia chémie</i>. Bratislava : Obzor, 1981. S. 662. </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-3"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">d</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1n_Ga%C5%BEo" title="Ján Gažo">GAŽO, Ján</a>. <i>Všeobecná a anorganická chémia</i>. [s.l.] : Alfa, 1978. S. 198. </cite></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iné_projekty"><span id="In.C3.A9_projekty"></span>Iné projekty</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skupenstvo&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Upraviť sekciu: Iné projekty" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skupenstvo&action=edit&section=11" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Iné projekty"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="border: solid #aaa 1px; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 0ex 1ex; font-size: 90%;" class="tright" title="Portály, ktorých súčasťou je táto stránka"> <table style="margin: 0; padding: 0ex"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;margin: 0;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="Portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/36px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/54px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/72px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Fyzika" title="Portál:Fyzika">Fyzikálny portál</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Ch%C3%A9mia" title="Portál:Chémia">Chemický portál</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="interProject wikiquote" style="display:none;"><a href="https://sk.wikiquote.org/wiki/Skupenstvo" class="extiw" title="q:Skupenstvo">Wikicitáty</a></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Spolupracuj na Wikicitátoch"><img alt="Spolupracuj na Wikicitátoch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/18px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/36px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span> Wikicitáty ponúkajú citáty od alebo o <b><a href="https://sk.wikiquote.org/wiki/Skupenstvo" class="extiw" title="q:Skupenstvo">Skupenstvo</a></b></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Zdroj: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Skupenstvo&oldid=7544128">https://sk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Skupenstvo&oldid=7544128</a>“</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kateg%C3%B3rie" title="Špeciálne:Kategórie">Kategórie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kateg%C3%B3ria:Skupenstv%C3%A1_hmoty" title="Kategória:Skupenstvá hmoty">Skupenstvá hmoty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kateg%C3%B3ria:Fyzika_kondenzovan%C3%A9ho_stavu" title="Kategória:Fyzika kondenzovaného stavu">Fyzika kondenzovaného stavu</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skryté kategórie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kateg%C3%B3ria:Port%C3%A1l:Fyzika/Zapojen%C3%A9_%C4%8Dl%C3%A1nky" title="Kategória:Portál:Fyzika/Zapojené články">Portál:Fyzika/Zapojené články</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kateg%C3%B3ria:Port%C3%A1l:Ch%C3%A9mia/Zapojen%C3%A9_%C4%8Dl%C3%A1nky" title="Kategória:Portál:Chémia/Zapojené články">Portál:Chémia/Zapojené články</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kateg%C3%B3ria:Wikip%C3%A9dia:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_priamo_volaj%C3%BAce_%C5%A1abl%C3%B3nu_Port%C3%A1l" title="Kategória:Wikipédia:Články priamo volajúce šablónu Portál">Wikipédia:Články priamo volajúce šablónu Portál</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Dátum a čas poslednej úpravy tejto stránky: 4. marec 2023, 10:18.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text je dostupný za podmienok <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 4.0 Unported</a>; prípadne za ďalších podmienok. Podrobnejšie informácie nájdete na stránke <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Podmienky použitia</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Ochrana osobných údajov</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:O">O Wikipédii</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Zrieknutie_sa_zodpovednosti">Zrieknutie sa zodpovednosti</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Pravidlá správania</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Vývojári</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/sk.wikipedia.org">Štatistiky</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Vyhlásenie o cookies</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//sk.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Skupenstvo&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobilné zobrazenie</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-mhg5j","wgBackendResponseTime":205,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.089","walltime":"0.115","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1897,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":3458,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":677,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":10,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":2760,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 84.375 1 -total"," 65.08% 54.909 1 Šablóna:Projekt"," 15.75% 13.291 1 Šablóna:Referencie"," 8.43% 7.110 2 Šablóna:Citácia_knihy"," 8.29% 6.996 1 Šablóna:Portál"," 7.76% 6.545 21 Šablóna:Projekt/box"," 6.40% 5.403 20 Šablóna:Projekt/param"," 4.17% 3.516 1 Šablóna:Hlavný_článok"," 3.05% 2.576 2 Šablóna:Portál/Riadok"," 2.88% 2.430 1 Šablóna:Projekt/odkaz"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.015","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":941452,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-7c479b968-wqm9d","timestamp":"20241117083022","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Skupenstvo","url":"https:\/\/sk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Skupenstvo","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q11430","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q11430","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"P\u0159isp\u011bvatel\u00e9 projekt\u016f Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"nadace Wikimedia","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-12-14T19:45:14Z","dateModified":"2023-03-04T10:18:20Z","headline":"charakteristika fyzik\u00e1lneho stavu l\u00e1tky pod\u013ea teploty a tlaku"}</script> </body> </html>