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威廉敏娜·弗萊明 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
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class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-生平" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生平"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>生平</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-生平-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-著作" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#著作"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>著作</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-著作-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-榮譽" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#訃聞"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>訃聞</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-訃聞-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">威廉敏娜·弗萊明</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。40种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86%D8%BA" title="ويليمينا فليمنغ – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويليمينا فليمنغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%82" title="ویلیامینا فلمینق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ویلیامینا فلمینق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Уилямина Флеминг – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уилямина Флеминг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82" title="উইলিয়ামিনা ফ্লেমিং – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইলিয়ামিনা ফ্লেমিং" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Flemingov%C3%A1" title="Williamina Flemingová – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Williamina Flemingová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1_%CE%A6%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Γουιλιαμίνα Φλέμινγκ – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γουιλιαμίνα Φλέμινγκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" title="ویلیامینا فلمینگ – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویلیامینا فلمینگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="推荐条目"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92" title="וילמינה פלמינג – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וילמינה פלמינג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1_%D5%96%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3" title="Վիլյամինա Ֆլեմինգ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիլյամինա Ֆլեմինգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%9F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%83%AC%E3%83%9F%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0" title="ウィリアミーナ・フレミング – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウィリアミーナ・フレミング" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="ვილიამინა ფლემინგი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვილიამინა ფლემინგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%96%B4%EB%AF%B8%EB%82%98_%ED%94%8C%EB%A0%88%EB%B0%8D" title="윌리어미나 플레밍 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="윌리어미나 플레밍" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D" title="വില്യമീന സ്റ്റീവൻസ് ഫ്ലെമിങ് – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വില്യമീന സ്റ്റീവൻസ് ഫ്ലെമിങ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3,_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Флеминг, Вильямина – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Флеминг, Вильямина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D" title="வில்லியமினா பிளெமிங் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வில்லியமினா பிளெமிங்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Вільяміна Флемінг – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вільяміна Флемінг" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="ვილიამინა ფლემინგი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვილიამინა ფლემინგი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q284180#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" 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td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><span class="fn">Williamina Paton Stevens Fleming</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Williamina_Paton_Stevens_Fleming_circa_1890s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Williamina_Paton_Stevens_Fleming_circa_1890s.jpg/200px-Williamina_Paton_Stevens_Fleming_circa_1890s.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Williamina_Paton_Stevens_Fleming_circa_1890s.jpg/300px-Williamina_Paton_Stevens_Fleming_circa_1890s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Williamina_Paton_Stevens_Fleming_circa_1890s.jpg/400px-Williamina_Paton_Stevens_Fleming_circa_1890s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1463" data-file-height="1894" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">威廉敏娜·弗萊明</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">出生</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1857-05-15</span>)</span>1857年5月15日<br /><span class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" title="蘇格蘭">蘇格蘭</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%93%E8%BF%AA" title="邓迪">邓迪</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">逝世</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1911年5月21日<span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">1911歲—05—21</span>)</span>(54歲)<br /><span class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E" title="麻薩諸塞州">麻薩諸塞州</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A0%93" class="mw-redirect" title="波士頓">波士頓</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">国籍</th><td class="infobox-data category" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" title="蘇格蘭">蘇格蘭</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><b>科学生涯</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">研究领域</th><td class="infobox-data category" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="天文學">天文學</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>威廉敏娜·佩頓·史蒂文斯·弗萊明</b>(英語:<span lang="en"><b>Williamina Paton Stevens Fleming</b></span>,1857年5月15日—1911年5月21日),<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" title="蘇格蘭">蘇格蘭</a>女性天文學家。在她的職業生涯中,她協助建立了一個恆星的通用編號系統,並且將數千顆恆星和其他天文現象編號。弗萊明最為人所知的是於1888年發現<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%A0%AD%E6%98%9F%E9%9B%B2" title="馬頭星雲">馬頭星雲</a><sup id="cite_ref-Cannon_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cannon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生平"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E5.B9.B3"></span>生平</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E6%95%8F%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E8%90%8A%E6%98%8E&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节:生平"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>威廉敏娜生於蘇格蘭邓迪,雙親是雕刻師羅伯特·史蒂文斯和瑪麗·沃克。她在14歲時就在當地學校任教,之後她和詹姆士·奧爾·弗萊明(<span lang="en"> James Orr Fleming </span>)於1877年結婚<sup id="cite_ref-OCP_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OCP-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。之後威廉敏娜和她的丈夫遷往美國波士頓,不久後她和她的孩子被丈夫拋棄。威廉敏娜因此到美國天文學家<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97" title="爱德华·皮克林">爱德华·皮克林</a>家中擔任女僕。當皮克林逐漸對他在<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0" title="哈佛大学天文台">哈佛大学天文台</a>的男性助理感到不滿後,他宣稱他的女僕可以做得比男性助理更好<sup id="cite_ref-kass_simon1993_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kass_simon1993-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1881年,皮克林雇用了威廉敏娜在天文台擔任資料處理工作。她在天文台建立並協助進行根據從觀測得到的恆星光譜中所知氫含量將恆星進行分類的系統。在該系統中她將氫最多的恆星分為 A 型,次多的為 B 型,以此類推。後來<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A6%AE%C2%B7%E5%9D%8E%E5%86%9C" title="安妮·坎农">安妮·坎农</a>以她的成果為基礎,並以恆星表面溫度為基準發展了更簡單的分類系統<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>威廉敏娜對恆星分類的成果後來在<a href="/wiki/HD%E6%98%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="HD星表">HD星表</a>中出版,她以9年時間分類了超過1萬顆恆星<sup id="cite_ref-OCP_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OCP-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。威廉敏娜還發現了59個<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E9%9B%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="星雲">星雲</a>、超過310顆<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E6%98%9F" title="變星">變星</a>、10顆<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="新星">新星</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。其中她發現的222顆變星收錄在她於1907年出版的書籍之中<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1888年,威廉敏娜在哈佛大學天文台的B2312號照相板影像上發現了<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%A0%AD%E6%98%9F%E9%9B%B2" title="馬頭星雲">馬頭星雲</a>。她在發現報告中提及一個明亮的星雲(後來的<a href="/wiki/IC_434" title="IC 434">IC 434</a>)擁有一個「直徑5角分的半圓缺口,並且位於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%83%E5%AE%BF%E4%B8%80" title="參宿一">參宿一</a>南方30角分處」<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。爱德华·皮克林之弟<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97" title="威廉·亨利·皮克林">威廉·亨利·皮克林</a>拍攝了馬頭星雲所在區域的照片,並推測該區域有不發光物質遮蔽<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。不過在發現後不久,相關的後續論文和書籍似乎都否認威廉敏娜和威廉的發現,這是因為第一組<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95%E6%98%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="索引星表">索引星表</a>的編輯者<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%9B%B7%E8%80%B3" title="約翰·路易·埃米爾·德雷耳">約翰·路易·埃米爾·德雷耳</a>在該星表中刪去了威廉敏娜的名字,並標明是由哈佛大學所發現,而不只標示由「皮克林」發現(當時大多數相關領域專家都認為「皮克林」是指擔任哈佛大學天文台台長的其兄愛德華)。德雷耳在1908年發表第二組索引星表時,威廉敏娜等其他哈佛大學天文台人員已經有一定名氣,讓天文界足以認可其發現的天體,但並不包含先前發現的IC 434和馬頭星雲<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>威廉敏娜長期以來負責管理皮克林所雇用的十餘位在哈佛大學天文台內進行計算與分類的女性(參見<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E5%93%A1" title="哈佛計算員">哈佛計算員</a>),並且負責編輯天文台出版品。1899年威廉敏娜獲得天文攝影策展人的頭銜。1906年她成為<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83" title="英國皇家天文學會">英國皇家天文學會</a>的榮譽會員,是第一位獲選的美國女性。不久後成為<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E6%96%AF%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="维斯理学院">维斯理学院</a>的天文榮譽研究員。她去世後不久<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="墨西哥天文學會" data-lang-code="es" data-lang-name="西班牙语" data-foreign-title="Sociedad Astronómica de México"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="墨西哥天文學會(页面不存在)">墨西哥天文學會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">西班牙语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociedad_Astron%C3%B3mica_de_M%C3%A9xico" class="extiw" title="es:Sociedad Astronómica de México"><span lang="es" dir="auto">Sociedad Astronómica de México</span></a></span>)</span></span>追授她<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadalupe_Almendaro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guadalupe Almendaro(页面不存在)">Guadalupe Almendaro</a>獎章表彰她發現新恆星的貢獻<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1911年威廉敏娜在波士頓因<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E" title="肺炎">肺炎</a>去世<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="著作"><span id=".E8.91.97.E4.BD.9C"></span>著作</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E6%95%8F%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E8%90%8A%E6%98%8E&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节:著作"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>《A Photographic Study of Variable Stars》,1907年</li> <li>《Spectra and Photographic Magnitudes of Stars in Standard Regions》,1911年</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="榮譽"><span id=".E6.A6.AE.E8.AD.BD"></span>榮譽</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E6%95%8F%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E8%90%8A%E6%98%8E&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节:榮譽"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="月球撞擊坑" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lunar craters"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83%E6%92%9E%E6%93%8A%E5%9D%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="月球撞擊坑(页面不存在)">月球撞擊坑</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_craters" class="extiw" title="en:Lunar craters"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lunar craters</span></a></span>)</span></span>之中的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="弗萊明環形山" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fleming (crater)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E8%8E%B1%E6%98%8E%E7%8E%AF%E5%BD%A2%E5%B1%B1" title="弗莱明环形山">弗萊明環形山</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleming_(crater)" class="extiw" title="en:Fleming (crater)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fleming (crater)</span></a></span>)</span></span>以她和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E9%BB%B4%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="青黴素">青黴素</a>的發現者<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E8%8E%B1%E6%98%8E" title="亚历山大·弗莱明">亚历山大·弗莱明</a>(兩人無親戚關係)命名。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E6%95%8F%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E8%90%8A%E6%98%8E&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节:參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Cannon-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cannon_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Cannon, Annie J. 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BBC Homepage. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-08-18</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20011214224500/http://www.bbc.co.uk/">存档</a>于2001-12-14).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E6%95%8F%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E8%90%8A%E6%98%8E&rft.atitle=BBC+-+Home&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+Homepage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://members.pcug.org.au/~stevec/horsehead_Maknewt_QSI.htm">horsehead</a>. members.pcug.org.au. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-17</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140314223636/http://members.pcug.org.au/~stevec/horsehead_Maknewt_QSI.htm">存档</a>于2014-03-14).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E6%95%8F%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E8%90%8A%E6%98%8E&rft.atitle=horsehead&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=members.pcug.org.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmembers.pcug.org.au%2F~stevec%2Fhorsehead_Maknewt_QSI.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130723060812/http://artdeciel.com/astrophotography-image-of-the-past.aspx">B33, Early Astronomical Photograph</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-17</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artdeciel.com/astrophotography-image-of-the-past.aspx">原始内容</a>存档于2013-07-23).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E6%95%8F%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E8%90%8A%E6%98%8E&rft.btitle=B33%2C+Early+Astronomical+Photograph&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.artdeciel.com%2Fastrophotography-image-of-the-past.aspx&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Merchantz, Chris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141010192857/http://altbibl.io/gazette/rediscovering-the-horsehead-nebula-1/">Rediscovering the Horsehead Nebula - Galactic Gazette</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-17</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://altbibl.io/gazette/rediscovering-the-horsehead-nebula-1/">原始内容</a>存档于2014-10-10).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E6%95%8F%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E8%90%8A%E6%98%8E&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft.aulast=Merchantz&rft.btitle=Rediscovering+the+Horsehead+Nebula+-+Galactic+Gazette&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faltbibl.io%2Fgazette%2Frediscovering-the-horsehead-nebula-1%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://freescruz.com/~4cygni/horsehead/B33-19thC_4.htm">The Horsehead Nebula in the 19th Century, by Waldee</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-16</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150106052626/http://freescruz.com/~4cygni/horsehead/B33-19thC_4.htm">存档</a>于2015-01-06).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E6%95%8F%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E8%90%8A%E6%98%8E&rft.btitle=The+Horsehead+Nebula+in+the+19th+Century%2C+by+Waldee&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffreescruz.com%2F~4cygni%2Fhorsehead%2FB33-19thC_4.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E6%95%8F%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E8%90%8A%E6%98%8E&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节:外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Waldee, S. R.; Hazen, M. L. (November 1990). The discovery of early photographs of the Horsehead nebula. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 102: 1337 <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990PASP..102.1337W/abstract">1990PASP..102.1337W</a> <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F132771">10.1086/132771</a></li> <li>Cannon, Annie J. (November 1911). Williamina Paton Fleming. The Astrophysical Journal. 34: 314. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1911ApJ....34..314C/abstract">1911ApJ....34..314C</a> <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F141894">10.1086/141894</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="訃聞"><span id=".E8.A8.83.E8.81.9E"></span>訃聞</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E6%95%8F%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E8%90%8A%E6%98%8E&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节:訃聞"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Obituary Notice : Honorary Member : Fleming, Williamina Paton". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 72: 261. 1912. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1912MNRAS..72..261./abstract">1912MNRAS..72..261.</a> <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2F72.4.261">10.1093/mnras/72.4.261</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781330116579" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1330116579</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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