CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Tobias and the Angel - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"2cce0f39-89db-4270-8424-415ae1912566","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Tobias_and_the_Angel","wgTitle":"Tobias and the Angel","wgCurRevisionId":1242524380,"wgRevisionId":1242524380,"wgArticleId":11849233,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 German-language sources (de)","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Commons category link from Wikidata","Articles with Italian-language sources (it)","Paintings of Tobias","Christian iconography","Dogs in art","Angels in art"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Tobias_and_the_Angel","wgRelevantArticleId":11849233,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q3530155","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics": true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar", "ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Accademia_-_Archangel_Raphael_and_Tobit_by_Titian.jpg/1200px-Accademia_-_Archangel_Raphael_and_Tobit_by_Titian.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1376"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Accademia_-_Archangel_Raphael_and_Tobit_by_Titian.jpg/800px-Accademia_-_Archangel_Raphael_and_Tobit_by_Titian.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="917"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Accademia_-_Archangel_Raphael_and_Tobit_by_Titian.jpg/640px-Accademia_-_Archangel_Raphael_and_Tobit_by_Titian.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="734"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Tobias and the Angel - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobias_and_the_Angel"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Tobias_and_the_Angel&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobias_and_the_Angel"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Tobias_and_the_Angel rootpage-Tobias_and_the_Angel skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Tobias+and+the+Angel" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Tobias+and+the+Angel" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Tobias+and+the+Angel" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Tobias+and+the+Angel" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Context" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Context"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Context</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Context-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Art history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Art_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Art history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Art_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Narrative_paintings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Narrative_paintings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Narrative paintings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Narrative_paintings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intrusive_appearances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intrusive_appearances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Intrusive appearances</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intrusive_appearances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altarpieces_and_sacra_conversazione_compositions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altarpieces_and_sacra_conversazione_compositions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Altarpieces and <i>sacra conversazione</i> compositions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altarpieces_and_sacra_conversazione_compositions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Other media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature_and_theatre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature_and_theatre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Literature and theatre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature_and_theatre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tobias and the Angel</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 2 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-2" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">2 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tob%C3%ADas_y_el_%C3%A1ngel" title="Tobías y el ángel – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tobías y el ángel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%8C" title="โทบียาห์กับทูตสวรรค์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โทบียาห์กับทูตสวรรค์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3530155#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tobias_and_the_Angel" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Tobias_and_the_Angel" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tobias_and_the_Angel"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tobias_and_the_Angel&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tobias_and_the_Angel&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tobias_and_the_Angel"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tobias_and_the_Angel&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tobias_and_the_Angel&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Tobias_and_the_Angel" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Tobias_and_the_Angel" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tobias_and_the_Angel&oldid=1242524380" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tobias_and_the_Angel&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Tobias_and_the_Angel&id=1242524380&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTobias_and_the_Angel"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTobias_and_the_Angel"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Tobias_and_the_Angel&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tobias_and_the_Angel&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tobias_and_the_Angel" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3530155" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Artistic subject from the Book of Tobit</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Tobias_and_the_Angel_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Tobias and the Angel (disambiguation)">Tobias and the Angel (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Accademia_-_Archangel_Raphael_and_Tobit_by_Titian.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Accademia_-_Archangel_Raphael_and_Tobit_by_Titian.jpg/220px-Accademia_-_Archangel_Raphael_and_Tobit_by_Titian.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Accademia_-_Archangel_Raphael_and_Tobit_by_Titian.jpg/330px-Accademia_-_Archangel_Raphael_and_Tobit_by_Titian.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Accademia_-_Archangel_Raphael_and_Tobit_by_Titian.jpg/440px-Accademia_-_Archangel_Raphael_and_Tobit_by_Titian.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4086" data-file-height="4685" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Titian" title="Titian">Titian</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Archangel_Raphael_and_Tobias_(Titian)" title="The Archangel Raphael and Tobias (Titian)">The Archangel Raphael and Tobias</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1512−1514</span>)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Tobias and the Angel</b> is the traditional title of depictions in art of a passage from the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Tobit" title="Book of Tobit">Book of Tobit</a> in which Tobias, son of Tobit, travels with the <a href="/wiki/Archangel_Raphael" class="mw-redirect" title="Archangel Raphael">Archangel Raphael</a> without realising he is an angel (5.5–6) and is then instructed by Raphael what to do with a giant fish he catches (6.2–9). The Book of Tobit is accepted by <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodox Christians</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">biblical canon</a>, but not by <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> or most <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant Christians</a>, the latter including it in the <a href="/wiki/Apocrypha" title="Apocrypha">Apocrypha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Depictions usually show Raphael and a much smaller Tobias walking through a landscape, accompanied by Tobias's dog.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tobias is usually carrying a fish (or two), often tied up with string, or a container for the fish's organs that will later cure his father; more often Raphael carries a small box with these.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Raphael usually has large wings, which we must suppose are invisible to Tobias, as in the story he remains unaware his companion is an angel. When the story was written, angels were not imagined to have wings, which were a later convention, taken from the Roman <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(mythology)" title="Victoria (mythology)">winged Victory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tobias_und_der_Erzengel_Raphael.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Tobias_und_der_Erzengel_Raphael.jpg/220px-Tobias_und_der_Erzengel_Raphael.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Tobias_und_der_Erzengel_Raphael.jpg/330px-Tobias_und_der_Erzengel_Raphael.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Tobias_und_der_Erzengel_Raphael.jpg/440px-Tobias_und_der_Erzengel_Raphael.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2307" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Savoldo" class="mw-redirect" title="Girolamo Savoldo">Girolamo Savoldo</a>, 1542, with the large fish in the water</figcaption></figure> <p>An alternative depiction, somewhat less common until the <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> period in the 17th century, shows Tobias with the very large fish he catches in the <a href="/wiki/River_Tigris" class="mw-redirect" title="River Tigris">River Tigris</a>. Typically Tobias is on the ground, sometimes in the water, and Raphael stands behind him, encouraging him to catch it. The fish Tobias carries in the travelling depictions are much more normally sized, and like the dog and Raphael's wings, serve as attributes to identify the subject. Where the composition allows it, both scenes may be shown.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is thought that the original story (which survives in Hebrew, <a href="/wiki/Aramaic" title="Aramaic">Aramaic</a> and Greek versions) probably involved a crocodile rather than a fish.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dogs are unusual in Christian religious art,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> subject of the <i><a href="/wiki/Exorcism_of_the_Syrophoenician_woman%27s_daughter" title="Exorcism of the Syrophoenician woman's daughter">Exorcism of the Syrophoenician woman's daughter</a></i> and the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> one of <i>Tobias and the Angel</i> are exceptions, as they are mentioned in the texts, and depictions often include them. Although the dog in the Biblical account is presumably given to Tobias by his father to provide security as he travels carrying a significant amount of silver, artists tend to show very small dogs, with a long coat of hair that covers deficiencies in drawing them. Artists become noticeably more competent in this as the Renaissance progresses. Ancient Israelites regarded dogs as unclean, and they are "seldom represented elsewhere in the Bible as man's friend", another element suggesting the origin of the story in neighbouring cultures.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Context">Context</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tobias_and_the_Angel&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among the major, named, angels, Raphael's speciality was regarded as protection and healing, his name meaning "God heals". As the concept of a personal <a href="/wiki/Guardian_angel" title="Guardian angel">guardian angel</a> developed during the late Middle Ages, he was regarded as a chief of this branch of angelic service.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Relief" title="Relief">relief</a> on a corner of the <a href="/wiki/Doge%27s_Palace" title="Doge's Palace">Doge's Palace</a> in Venice (illustrated below) Raphael holds a scroll on which is written: "<i>Efficia fretum quietum</i>" ("Keep the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Venice" title="Gulf of Venice">Gulf</a> quiet"). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GNM-Veit-Stoss-Raphael-Tobias.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/GNM-Veit-Stoss-Raphael-Tobias.jpg/220px-GNM-Veit-Stoss-Raphael-Tobias.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/GNM-Veit-Stoss-Raphael-Tobias.jpg/330px-GNM-Veit-Stoss-Raphael-Tobias.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/GNM-Veit-Stoss-Raphael-Tobias.jpg/440px-GNM-Veit-Stoss-Raphael-Tobias.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3147" data-file-height="3567" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tobias_and_the_Angel_(sculpture)" title="Tobias and the Angel (sculpture)">Two limewood sculptures</a>, 1516, by <a href="/wiki/Veit_Stoss" title="Veit Stoss">Veit Stoss</a>, now <a href="/wiki/Germanisches_Nationalmuseum" title="Germanisches Nationalmuseum">Germanisches Nationalmuseum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a>]<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The subject had an appeal to merchants engaged in long-distance trade, and it has been thought that at least some paintings were votives for the protection of a young family member sent on a long business trip; some figures of Tobias may even be portraits.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a later part of the biblical story Tobias marries, perhaps a matter of days after he catches the fish, but in many depictions, especially Italian Renaissance ones, he looks much too young for this, even allowing for contemporary and ancient ideas of a suitable age for marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In depictions after about 1530, especially ones made north of the Alps, Tobias often appears adult. </p><p>Tobias and the Angel is the main narrative scene to include Raphael, and its popularity is usually explained by an increase in devotion to him at this time, encouraged by <a href="/wiki/Confraternities" class="mw-redirect" title="Confraternities">confraternities</a> associated with him, in particular the youth confraternity of Archangel Raphael, which was significant in Florence throughout this period, with (apart from a lay adult and priest) the members all males aged between about 14 and 24.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Raphael (and Raphaela) became popular given names in this period; the painter Raphael, properly known as <a href="/wiki/Raffaello_Sanzio" class="mw-redirect" title="Raffaello Sanzio">Raffaello Sanzio</a>, was born in 1483. This increased the demand for images of Raphael as a patron's name-saint; for example the pair of wooden sculptures by <a href="/wiki/Veit_Stoss" title="Veit Stoss">Veit Stoss</a> were commissioned by a Florentine merchant in silk and jewellery called Raphaele Torrigiani.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Art_history">Art history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tobias_and_the_Angel&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Art history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adam_Elsheimer_-_Tobias_und_der_Engel_(ca._1606).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Adam_Elsheimer_-_Tobias_und_der_Engel_%28ca._1606%29.jpg/220px-Adam_Elsheimer_-_Tobias_und_der_Engel_%28ca._1606%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Adam_Elsheimer_-_Tobias_und_der_Engel_%28ca._1606%29.jpg/330px-Adam_Elsheimer_-_Tobias_und_der_Engel_%28ca._1606%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Adam_Elsheimer_-_Tobias_und_der_Engel_%28ca._1606%29.jpg/440px-Adam_Elsheimer_-_Tobias_und_der_Engel_%28ca._1606%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2466" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Adam_Elsheimer" title="Adam Elsheimer">Adam Elsheimer</a>, the "small Tobias", c. 1606, now Frankfurt</figcaption></figure> <p>The scene was uncommon until about 1450, when it became very popular in northern Italy, especially <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>. This popularity lasted for about a century; small figures of Tobias and Raphael sometimes appear in the landscape backgrounds of more central religious scenes, such as a <i><a href="/wiki/Virgin_and_Child" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin and Child">Virgin and Child</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_di_Credi" title="Lorenzo di Credi">Lorenzo di Credi</a> and an <i><a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Kings" class="mw-redirect" title="Adoration of the Kings">Adoration of the Kings</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Filippino_Lippi" title="Filippino Lippi">Filippino Lippi</a>, both in the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery" title="National Gallery">National Gallery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Gombrich" title="Ernst Gombrich">Ernst Gombrich</a> noted that Florentine depictions were "concentrated" between 1425 and 1475.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These, for which the <a href="/wiki/Tobias_and_the_Angel_(Pollaiuolo)" title="Tobias and the Angel (Pollaiuolo)">version by the Pollaiuolo brothers</a> perhaps provided the prototype, usually show a very richly dressed young teenager and a very small white dog.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Vasari" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasari">Vasari</a>'s time the Pollaiuolo hung in the very prominent location of the <a href="/wiki/Orsanmichele" title="Orsanmichele">Orsanmichele</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Denis_van_Alsloot_%26_Hendrik_de_Clerck_-_Landschap_met_jonge_Tobias_en_engel_(KMSKA).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Denis_van_Alsloot_%26_Hendrik_de_Clerck_-_Landschap_met_jonge_Tobias_en_engel_%28KMSKA%29.jpg/220px-Denis_van_Alsloot_%26_Hendrik_de_Clerck_-_Landschap_met_jonge_Tobias_en_engel_%28KMSKA%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Denis_van_Alsloot_%26_Hendrik_de_Clerck_-_Landschap_met_jonge_Tobias_en_engel_%28KMSKA%29.jpg/330px-Denis_van_Alsloot_%26_Hendrik_de_Clerck_-_Landschap_met_jonge_Tobias_en_engel_%28KMSKA%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Denis_van_Alsloot_%26_Hendrik_de_Clerck_-_Landschap_met_jonge_Tobias_en_engel_%28KMSKA%29.jpg/440px-Denis_van_Alsloot_%26_Hendrik_de_Clerck_-_Landschap_met_jonge_Tobias_en_engel_%28KMSKA%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6859" data-file-height="5167" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Denis_van_Alsloot" title="Denis van Alsloot">Denis van Alsloot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_de_Clerck" class="mw-redirect" title="Hendrik de Clerck">Hendrik de Clerck</a>, <i>Landscape with Tobias and the Angel</i>, 17th century. The pair appear twice.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 17th century, the subject had a second life as a device to turn a <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> landscape into a more prestigious <a href="/wiki/History_painting" title="History painting">history painting</a> by adding small figures, dwarfed by their surroundings. This reversed the relative proportions of the Florentine <a href="/wiki/Quattrocento" title="Quattrocento">quattrocento</a> depictions, which mostly had large figures at the front of the picture space and the landscape only visible through the gaps they left. Such scenes were also popular as prints. In some expansive Baroque compositions they appear twice, travelling and catching the giant fish; they are shown three times in a <a href="/wiki/World_landscape" title="World landscape">world landscape</a> composition painted by a follower of <a href="/wiki/Patinir" class="mw-redirect" title="Patinir">Patinir</a>, now in the <a href="/wiki/Frans_Hals_Museum" title="Frans Hals Museum">Frans Hals Museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Transitional to this phase are the three paintings around the start of the century by the German <a href="/wiki/Adam_Elsheimer" title="Adam Elsheimer">Adam Elsheimer</a>, with his "small Tobias" (now in Frankfurt, 12.4 x 19.2 cm) copied many times, in paintings and prints. The "poetic depiction... and atmospheric rendering of nature represent a new vision of landscape which ... caused a stir in Rome" (where he was living). It has a horizontal format, and the figures are spread across about half the width.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Presumably discovered through <a href="/wiki/Old_master_print" title="Old master print">European prints</a>, the subject attracted a number of painters of <a href="/wiki/Mughal_miniature" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal miniature">Mughal miniatures</a>, although their images depart considerably from the biblical story as they had probably never read the text, and mis-understood or deliberately changed many points. Tobias may also have wings, and both he and Raphael may have <a href="/wiki/Feather_suit" class="mw-redirect" title="Feather suit">bodies covered with feathers</a>, in "a kaleidoscopic mixture of European, Indian and Persian influences".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Narrative_paintings">Narrative paintings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tobias_and_the_Angel&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Narrative paintings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Antonio_del_Pollaiolo_-_Tobias_and_the_Angel_-_WGA18047.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Antonio and Piero del Pollaiuolo, Tobias and the Angel (c. 1465–1470)"><img alt="Antonio and Piero del Pollaiuolo, Tobias and the Angel (c. 1465–1470)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Antonio_del_Pollaiolo_-_Tobias_and_the_Angel_-_WGA18047.jpg/113px-Antonio_del_Pollaiolo_-_Tobias_and_the_Angel_-_WGA18047.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Antonio_del_Pollaiolo_-_Tobias_and_the_Angel_-_WGA18047.jpg/169px-Antonio_del_Pollaiolo_-_Tobias_and_the_Angel_-_WGA18047.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Antonio_del_Pollaiolo_-_Tobias_and_the_Angel_-_WGA18047.jpg/225px-Antonio_del_Pollaiolo_-_Tobias_and_the_Angel_-_WGA18047.jpg 2x" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Antonio_del_Pollaiuolo" title="Antonio del Pollaiuolo">Antonio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Piero_del_Pollaiuolo" title="Piero del Pollaiuolo">Piero del Pollaiuolo</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Tobias_and_the_Angel_(Pollaiuolo)" title="Tobias and the Angel (Pollaiuolo)">Tobias and the Angel</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1465–1470</span>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Workshop_of_Andrea_del_Verrocchio._Tobias_and_the_Angel._33x26cm._1470-75._NG_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Workshop of Andrea del Verrocchio, Tobias and the Angel (c. 1470–1475)"><img alt="Workshop of Andrea del Verrocchio, Tobias and the Angel (c. 1470–1475)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Workshop_of_Andrea_del_Verrocchio._Tobias_and_the_Angel._33x26cm._1470-75._NG_London.jpg/141px-Workshop_of_Andrea_del_Verrocchio._Tobias_and_the_Angel._33x26cm._1470-75._NG_London.jpg" decoding="async" width="141" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Workshop_of_Andrea_del_Verrocchio._Tobias_and_the_Angel._33x26cm._1470-75._NG_London.jpg/211px-Workshop_of_Andrea_del_Verrocchio._Tobias_and_the_Angel._33x26cm._1470-75._NG_London.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Workshop_of_Andrea_del_Verrocchio._Tobias_and_the_Angel._33x26cm._1470-75._NG_London.jpg/281px-Workshop_of_Andrea_del_Verrocchio._Tobias_and_the_Angel._33x26cm._1470-75._NG_London.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3303" data-file-height="4226" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Workshop of <a href="/wiki/Andrea_del_Verrocchio" title="Andrea del Verrocchio">Andrea del Verrocchio</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Tobias_and_the_Angel_(Verrocchio)" title="Tobias and the Angel (Verrocchio)">Tobias and the Angel</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1470–1475</span>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tobias_and_the_Angel_-_Filippino_Lippi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Filippino Lippi, Tobias and the Angel (c. 1475–1480)"><img alt="Filippino Lippi, Tobias and the Angel (c. 1475–1480)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Tobias_and_the_Angel_-_Filippino_Lippi.jpg/128px-Tobias_and_the_Angel_-_Filippino_Lippi.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Tobias_and_the_Angel_-_Filippino_Lippi.jpg/192px-Tobias_and_the_Angel_-_Filippino_Lippi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Tobias_and_the_Angel_-_Filippino_Lippi.jpg/256px-Tobias_and_the_Angel_-_Filippino_Lippi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5529" data-file-height="7769" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Filippino_Lippi" title="Filippino Lippi">Filippino Lippi</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Tobias_and_the_Angel_(Filippino_Lippi)" title="Tobias and the Angel (Filippino Lippi)">Tobias and the Angel</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1475–1480</span>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arcangeli_Tobia_Filippino_Lippi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Filippino Lippi, Three Angels and Young Tobias (c. 1485)"><img alt="Filippino Lippi, Three Angels and Young Tobias (c. 1485)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Arcangeli_Tobia_Filippino_Lippi.jpg/180px-Arcangeli_Tobia_Filippino_Lippi.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Arcangeli_Tobia_Filippino_Lippi.jpg/270px-Arcangeli_Tobia_Filippino_Lippi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Arcangeli_Tobia_Filippino_Lippi.jpg/360px-Arcangeli_Tobia_Filippino_Lippi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="483" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Filippino Lippi, <i><a href="/wiki/Three_Angels_and_Young_Tobias" title="Three Angels and Young Tobias">Three Angels and Young Tobias</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1485</span>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pietro_Perugino_cat54c.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pietro Perugino, Tobias and the Angel (c. 1496–1500)"><img alt="Pietro Perugino, Tobias and the Angel (c. 1496–1500)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Pietro_Perugino_cat54c.jpg/88px-Pietro_Perugino_cat54c.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Pietro_Perugino_cat54c.jpg/132px-Pietro_Perugino_cat54c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Pietro_Perugino_cat54c.jpg/176px-Pietro_Perugino_cat54c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="2330" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Perugino" title="Pietro Perugino">Pietro Perugino</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Certosa_di_Pavia_Altarpiece" title="Certosa di Pavia Altarpiece">Tobias and the Angel</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1496–1500</span>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20_Archangele_Raffaele_con_Tobiolo_e_un_giovane._156%D1%8589_1480-90_Firenze_Santa_Maria_del_Fiore,_Sacrestia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="With a boy donor portrait, Francesco Botticini"><img alt="With a boy donor portrait, Francesco Botticini" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/20_Archangele_Raffaele_con_Tobiolo_e_un_giovane._156%D1%8589_1480-90_Firenze_Santa_Maria_del_Fiore%2C_Sacrestia.jpg/112px-20_Archangele_Raffaele_con_Tobiolo_e_un_giovane._156%D1%8589_1480-90_Firenze_Santa_Maria_del_Fiore%2C_Sacrestia.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/20_Archangele_Raffaele_con_Tobiolo_e_un_giovane._156%D1%8589_1480-90_Firenze_Santa_Maria_del_Fiore%2C_Sacrestia.jpg/168px-20_Archangele_Raffaele_con_Tobiolo_e_un_giovane._156%D1%8589_1480-90_Firenze_Santa_Maria_del_Fiore%2C_Sacrestia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/20_Archangele_Raffaele_con_Tobiolo_e_un_giovane._156%D1%8589_1480-90_Firenze_Santa_Maria_del_Fiore%2C_Sacrestia.jpg/224px-20_Archangele_Raffaele_con_Tobiolo_e_un_giovane._156%D1%8589_1480-90_Firenze_Santa_Maria_del_Fiore%2C_Sacrestia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2794" data-file-height="4488" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">With a boy <a href="/wiki/Donor_portrait" title="Donor portrait">donor portrait</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Botticini" title="Francesco Botticini">Francesco Botticini</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Madonna_dell%27Orto_(Venice)_-_Chapel_Vendramin_-_Arcangel_Raphael_and_Tobias_by_Titien.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Titian, Tobias and the Angel (c. 1540–1545)"><img alt="Titian, Tobias and the Angel (c. 1540–1545)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Madonna_dell%27Orto_%28Venice%29_-_Chapel_Vendramin_-_Arcangel_Raphael_and_Tobias_by_Titien.jpg/119px-Madonna_dell%27Orto_%28Venice%29_-_Chapel_Vendramin_-_Arcangel_Raphael_and_Tobias_by_Titien.jpg" decoding="async" width="119" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Madonna_dell%27Orto_%28Venice%29_-_Chapel_Vendramin_-_Arcangel_Raphael_and_Tobias_by_Titien.jpg/178px-Madonna_dell%27Orto_%28Venice%29_-_Chapel_Vendramin_-_Arcangel_Raphael_and_Tobias_by_Titien.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Madonna_dell%27Orto_%28Venice%29_-_Chapel_Vendramin_-_Arcangel_Raphael_and_Tobias_by_Titien.jpg/238px-Madonna_dell%27Orto_%28Venice%29_-_Chapel_Vendramin_-_Arcangel_Raphael_and_Tobias_by_Titien.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3384" data-file-height="5115" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Titian, <i>Tobias and the Angel</i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1540–1545</span>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tobias_Verhaecht_-_Mountain_landscape_with_Tobias_and_the_Angel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tobias Verhaecht, Mountain landscape with Tobias and the Angel, c. 1600"><img alt="Tobias Verhaecht, Mountain landscape with Tobias and the Angel, c. 1600" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Tobias_Verhaecht_-_Mountain_landscape_with_Tobias_and_the_Angel.jpg/180px-Tobias_Verhaecht_-_Mountain_landscape_with_Tobias_and_the_Angel.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Tobias_Verhaecht_-_Mountain_landscape_with_Tobias_and_the_Angel.jpg/270px-Tobias_Verhaecht_-_Mountain_landscape_with_Tobias_and_the_Angel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Tobias_Verhaecht_-_Mountain_landscape_with_Tobias_and_the_Angel.jpg/360px-Tobias_Verhaecht_-_Mountain_landscape_with_Tobias_and_the_Angel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tobias_Verhaecht" title="Tobias Verhaecht">Tobias Verhaecht</a>, <i>Mountain landscape with Tobias and the Angel</i>, c. 1600</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Karel_Dujardin-_Tobias_and_the_angel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karel Dujardin, c. 1660"><img alt="Karel Dujardin, c. 1660" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Karel_Dujardin-_Tobias_and_the_angel.jpg/136px-Karel_Dujardin-_Tobias_and_the_angel.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Karel_Dujardin-_Tobias_and_the_angel.jpg/204px-Karel_Dujardin-_Tobias_and_the_angel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Karel_Dujardin-_Tobias_and_the_angel.jpg/272px-Karel_Dujardin-_Tobias_and_the_angel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="534" data-file-height="706" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Karel_Dujardin" title="Karel Dujardin">Karel Dujardin</a>, c. 1660</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intrusive_appearances">Intrusive appearances</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tobias_and_the_Angel&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Intrusive appearances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Titian_(c.1488-Venice_1576)_and_Workshop_-_Madonna_and_Child_in_a_Landscape_with_Tobias_and_the_Angel_-_RCIN_402863_-_Royal_Collection.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Titian_%28c.1488-Venice_1576%29_and_Workshop_-_Madonna_and_Child_in_a_Landscape_with_Tobias_and_the_Angel_-_RCIN_402863_-_Royal_Collection.jpg/220px-Titian_%28c.1488-Venice_1576%29_and_Workshop_-_Madonna_and_Child_in_a_Landscape_with_Tobias_and_the_Angel_-_RCIN_402863_-_Royal_Collection.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Titian_%28c.1488-Venice_1576%29_and_Workshop_-_Madonna_and_Child_in_a_Landscape_with_Tobias_and_the_Angel_-_RCIN_402863_-_Royal_Collection.jpg/330px-Titian_%28c.1488-Venice_1576%29_and_Workshop_-_Madonna_and_Child_in_a_Landscape_with_Tobias_and_the_Angel_-_RCIN_402863_-_Royal_Collection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Titian_%28c.1488-Venice_1576%29_and_Workshop_-_Madonna_and_Child_in_a_Landscape_with_Tobias_and_the_Angel_-_RCIN_402863_-_Royal_Collection.jpg/440px-Titian_%28c.1488-Venice_1576%29_and_Workshop_-_Madonna_and_Child_in_a_Landscape_with_Tobias_and_the_Angel_-_RCIN_402863_-_Royal_Collection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1415" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Titian" title="Titian">Titian</a> and workshop, <i>Madonna and Child in a Landscape with Tobias and the Angel</i>, c. 1535-40.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The popularity of the subject in the Italian Renaissance is shown by its intrusion into paintings of other religious subjects as a <a href="/wiki/Vignette_(graphic_design)" title="Vignette (graphic design)">vignette</a> in the background, presumably at the request of the patron. <a href="/wiki/Titian" title="Titian">Titian</a>'s <i>Madonna and Child in a Landscape with Tobias and the Angel</i> in the British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Collection" title="Royal Collection">Royal Collection</a> (part of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Gift" title="Dutch Gift">Dutch Gift</a> to the restored Charles II) is one of "four closely related compositions by Titian and his workshop" of the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_and_Child" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin and Child">Virgin and Child</a> with a variety of other figures, of which this is the only one to include Tobias and the Angel, plus dog and fish.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They are in the fairly close background, the two groups taking no notice of each other, a common feature of such images, reflecting the breach of the biblical <a href="/wiki/Space-time_continuum" class="mw-redirect" title="Space-time continuum">space-time continuum</a> in showing the different figures together in the same picture space.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Tobias group are "very freely painted and contrasting markedly with the careful painting of the foreground". Their composition, with Raphael pointing, is similar to the Titian of the 1540s in Venice (see above).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a similar way neither the main figures nor the <a href="/wiki/Predella" title="Predella">predella</a>-like Tobias and the Angel within the <i><a href="/wiki/Pala_delle_Convertite" title="Pala delle Convertite">Pala delle Convertite</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Courtauld_Gallery" title="Courtauld Gallery">Courtauld Gallery</a>) by <a href="/wiki/Botticelli" class="mw-redirect" title="Botticelli">Botticelli</a> and his workshop seem aware of the other group. In this case we know the Tobias pair were originally in a different position, in a landscape on the right, where their scale matched the main figures in the scheme of perspective. Finely painted, they are probably by Botticelli himself, unlike much of the rest of the painting.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavarian</a> Baroque altarpiece known as <i><a href="/wiki/Mary,_Untier_of_Knots" title="Mary, Untier of Knots">Mary, Untier of Knots</a></i>, a favourite of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a>, has a similar very small Tobias and the Angel below the Virgin.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Shepherd Boy Pointing at Tobias and the Angel</i> by <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Bloemaert" title="Abraham Bloemaert">Abraham Bloemaert</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis_Institute_of_Art" title="Minneapolis Institute of Art">Minneapolis Institute of Art</a> belongs to a specific tradition in <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Golden_Age_painting" title="Dutch Golden Age painting">Dutch Golden Age painting</a> of combining a main <a href="/wiki/Genre_painting" title="Genre painting">genre painting</a> scene in the foreground with a smaller distant biblical scene.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Adoration_of_the_Kings_(Filippino_Lippi).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Adoration of the Kings, Filippino Lippi. Tobias and the Angel (left side) are among various small figures of saints dotted around the landscape background."><img alt="Adoration of the Kings, Filippino Lippi. Tobias and the Angel (left side) are among various small figures of saints dotted around the landscape background." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/The_Adoration_of_the_Kings_%28Filippino_Lippi%29.jpg/180px-The_Adoration_of_the_Kings_%28Filippino_Lippi%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/The_Adoration_of_the_Kings_%28Filippino_Lippi%29.jpg/270px-The_Adoration_of_the_Kings_%28Filippino_Lippi%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/The_Adoration_of_the_Kings_%28Filippino_Lippi%29.jpg/360px-The_Adoration_of_the_Kings_%28Filippino_Lippi%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6140" data-file-height="4226" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Adoration of the Kings</i>, <a href="/wiki/Filippino_Lippi" title="Filippino Lippi">Filippino Lippi</a>. Tobias and the Angel (left side) are among various small figures of saints dotted around the landscape background.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Botticelli,_Pala_della_Convertite.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Botticelli and workshop, Pala delle Convertite, small Tobias and Raphael pass in front of the main subject, 1490s"><img alt="Botticelli and workshop, Pala delle Convertite, small Tobias and Raphael pass in front of the main subject, 1490s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Botticelli%2C_Pala_della_Convertite.jpg/163px-Botticelli%2C_Pala_della_Convertite.jpg" decoding="async" width="163" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Botticelli%2C_Pala_della_Convertite.jpg/245px-Botticelli%2C_Pala_della_Convertite.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Botticelli%2C_Pala_della_Convertite.jpg/326px-Botticelli%2C_Pala_della_Convertite.jpg 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="1048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Botticelli" class="mw-redirect" title="Botticelli">Botticelli</a> and workshop, <i><a href="/wiki/Pala_delle_Convertite" title="Pala delle Convertite">Pala delle Convertite</a></i>, small Tobias and Raphael pass in front of the main subject, 1490s</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lorenzo_di_Credi_(c.1456-1536)_-_The_Virgin_and_Child_-_NG593_-_National_Gallery.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lorenzo di Credi, Virgin and Child, with Tobias and the Angel walking in the garden at top right"><img alt="Lorenzo di Credi, Virgin and Child, with Tobias and the Angel walking in the garden at top right" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Lorenzo_di_Credi_%28c.1456-1536%29_-_The_Virgin_and_Child_-_NG593_-_National_Gallery.jpg/125px-Lorenzo_di_Credi_%28c.1456-1536%29_-_The_Virgin_and_Child_-_NG593_-_National_Gallery.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Lorenzo_di_Credi_%28c.1456-1536%29_-_The_Virgin_and_Child_-_NG593_-_National_Gallery.jpg/187px-Lorenzo_di_Credi_%28c.1456-1536%29_-_The_Virgin_and_Child_-_NG593_-_National_Gallery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Lorenzo_di_Credi_%28c.1456-1536%29_-_The_Virgin_and_Child_-_NG593_-_National_Gallery.jpg/250px-Lorenzo_di_Credi_%28c.1456-1536%29_-_The_Virgin_and_Child_-_NG593_-_National_Gallery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="556" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_di_Credi" title="Lorenzo di Credi">Lorenzo di Credi</a>, <i>Virgin and Child</i>, with Tobias and the Angel walking in the garden at top right</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jan_provoost_the_adoration_of_the_magi_with_tobias_and_the_angel095723).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jan Provoost, Adoration of the Shepherds with Tobias and the Angel, around 1500"><img alt="Jan Provoost, Adoration of the Shepherds with Tobias and the Angel, around 1500" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Jan_provoost_the_adoration_of_the_magi_with_tobias_and_the_angel095723%29.jpg/180px-Jan_provoost_the_adoration_of_the_magi_with_tobias_and_the_angel095723%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Jan_provoost_the_adoration_of_the_magi_with_tobias_and_the_angel095723%29.jpg/270px-Jan_provoost_the_adoration_of_the_magi_with_tobias_and_the_angel095723%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Jan_provoost_the_adoration_of_the_magi_with_tobias_and_the_angel095723%29.jpg/360px-Jan_provoost_the_adoration_of_the_magi_with_tobias_and_the_angel095723%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2894" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jan_Provoost" title="Jan Provoost">Jan Provoost</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Shepherds" title="Adoration of the Shepherds">Adoration of the Shepherds</a> with Tobias and the Angel</i>, around 1500</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abraham_Bloemaert_-_Shepherd_Boy_Pointing_at_Tobias_and_the_Angel_-_61.30_-_Minneapolis_Institute_of_Arts.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Abraham Bloemaert, Shepherd Boy Pointing at Tobias and the Angel, 1620s"><img alt="Abraham Bloemaert, Shepherd Boy Pointing at Tobias and the Angel, 1620s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Abraham_Bloemaert_-_Shepherd_Boy_Pointing_at_Tobias_and_the_Angel_-_61.30_-_Minneapolis_Institute_of_Arts.jpg/180px-Abraham_Bloemaert_-_Shepherd_Boy_Pointing_at_Tobias_and_the_Angel_-_61.30_-_Minneapolis_Institute_of_Arts.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Abraham_Bloemaert_-_Shepherd_Boy_Pointing_at_Tobias_and_the_Angel_-_61.30_-_Minneapolis_Institute_of_Arts.jpg/270px-Abraham_Bloemaert_-_Shepherd_Boy_Pointing_at_Tobias_and_the_Angel_-_61.30_-_Minneapolis_Institute_of_Arts.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Abraham_Bloemaert_-_Shepherd_Boy_Pointing_at_Tobias_and_the_Angel_-_61.30_-_Minneapolis_Institute_of_Arts.jpg/360px-Abraham_Bloemaert_-_Shepherd_Boy_Pointing_at_Tobias_and_the_Angel_-_61.30_-_Minneapolis_Institute_of_Arts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2444" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Bloemaert" title="Abraham Bloemaert">Abraham Bloemaert</a>, <i>Shepherd Boy Pointing at Tobias and the Angel</i>, 1620s</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Altarpieces_and_sacra_conversazione_compositions">Altarpieces and <i>sacra conversazione</i> compositions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tobias_and_the_Angel&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Altarpieces and sacra conversazione compositions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bonifacio_de%27_Pitati_-_La_Sacra_Famiglia_con_Dorotea,_Giovanni_Battista,_Tobia_e_l%27angelo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bonifacio_de%27_Pitati_-_La_Sacra_Famiglia_con_Dorotea%2C_Giovanni_Battista%2C_Tobia_e_l%27angelo.jpg/220px-Bonifacio_de%27_Pitati_-_La_Sacra_Famiglia_con_Dorotea%2C_Giovanni_Battista%2C_Tobia_e_l%27angelo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bonifacio_de%27_Pitati_-_La_Sacra_Famiglia_con_Dorotea%2C_Giovanni_Battista%2C_Tobia_e_l%27angelo.jpg/330px-Bonifacio_de%27_Pitati_-_La_Sacra_Famiglia_con_Dorotea%2C_Giovanni_Battista%2C_Tobia_e_l%27angelo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bonifacio_de%27_Pitati_-_La_Sacra_Famiglia_con_Dorotea%2C_Giovanni_Battista%2C_Tobia_e_l%27angelo.jpg/440px-Bonifacio_de%27_Pitati_-_La_Sacra_Famiglia_con_Dorotea%2C_Giovanni_Battista%2C_Tobia_e_l%27angelo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2677" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bonifacio_de%27_Pitati" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonifacio de' Pitati">Bonifacio de' Pitati</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Family" title="Holy Family">Holy Family</a> and others, in a <i><a href="/wiki/Sacra_conversazione" title="Sacra conversazione">sacra conversazione</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>In a number of larger paintings such as <a href="/wiki/Altarpiece" title="Altarpiece">altarpieces</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Sacra_conversazioni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacra conversazioni">sacra conversazioni</a></i> Tobias, with his fish and dog, can be considered as attributes of Raphael, who is treated as a saint with other saints, while providing additional interest to the viewer. Of the other major <a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">archangels</a> in the Catholic hierarchy of angels, <a href="/wiki/Archangel_Michael" class="mw-redirect" title="Archangel Michael">Archangel Michael</a> is easy to recognize, in armour with a weapon, often standing on a dragon representing Satan, and he may carry scales to represent his role in the <a href="/wiki/Last_Judgement" class="mw-redirect" title="Last Judgement">Last Judgement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a> carries a stem of lilies, traditionally part of the <a href="/wiki/Iconography" title="Iconography">iconography</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation</a>, his most significant work as the messenger of God.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>But more than inanimate attributes, Tobias and his own attributes of the dog and fish sometimes interact with the main figures. In (the painter) Raphael's <i><a href="/wiki/Madonna_with_the_Fish" title="Madonna with the Fish">Madonna with the Fish</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Prado" class="mw-redirect" title="Prado">Prado</a>) Tobias is shown being presented to the Virgin,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who seems to take a polite interest in his fish, and in <a href="/wiki/Girolamo_dai_Libri" title="Girolamo dai Libri">Girolamo dai Libri</a>'s <i>Madonna of the Umbrella</i> the boy has attracted the attention of the Christ child, while the dog seems rather self-conscious, stranded at the front of the group. In the <a href="/wiki/Mannerist" class="mw-redirect" title="Mannerist">Mannerist</a> painting of the three archangels by <a href="/wiki/Michele_Tosini" title="Michele Tosini">Michele Tosini</a>, Michael has not finished off his dragon, to the alarm of Tobias. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raffaello_Sanzio_-_Sacra_Famiglia_con_Rafael,_Tobia_e_San_Girolamo,_o_Vergine_del_pesce.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Madonna with the Fish, Raphael, c. 1513"><img alt="Madonna with the Fish, Raphael, c. 1513" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Raffaello_Sanzio_-_Sacra_Famiglia_con_Rafael%2C_Tobia_e_San_Girolamo%2C_o_Vergine_del_pesce.jpg/134px-Raffaello_Sanzio_-_Sacra_Famiglia_con_Rafael%2C_Tobia_e_San_Girolamo%2C_o_Vergine_del_pesce.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Raffaello_Sanzio_-_Sacra_Famiglia_con_Rafael%2C_Tobia_e_San_Girolamo%2C_o_Vergine_del_pesce.jpg/201px-Raffaello_Sanzio_-_Sacra_Famiglia_con_Rafael%2C_Tobia_e_San_Girolamo%2C_o_Vergine_del_pesce.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Raffaello_Sanzio_-_Sacra_Famiglia_con_Rafael%2C_Tobia_e_San_Girolamo%2C_o_Vergine_del_pesce.jpg/268px-Raffaello_Sanzio_-_Sacra_Famiglia_con_Rafael%2C_Tobia_e_San_Girolamo%2C_o_Vergine_del_pesce.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1432" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Madonna_with_the_Fish" title="Madonna with the Fish">Madonna with the Fish</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Raphael" title="Raphael">Raphael</a>, c. 1513</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Girolamo_dai_libri,_madonna_dell%27ombrello,_da_s.m._della_vittoria_nuova_a_vr,_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Madonna of the Umbrella, Girolamo dai Libri, 1530s"><img alt="Madonna of the Umbrella, Girolamo dai Libri, 1530s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Girolamo_dai_libri%2C_madonna_dell%27ombrello%2C_da_s.m._della_vittoria_nuova_a_vr%2C_01.jpg/96px-Girolamo_dai_libri%2C_madonna_dell%27ombrello%2C_da_s.m._della_vittoria_nuova_a_vr%2C_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Girolamo_dai_libri%2C_madonna_dell%27ombrello%2C_da_s.m._della_vittoria_nuova_a_vr%2C_01.jpg/144px-Girolamo_dai_libri%2C_madonna_dell%27ombrello%2C_da_s.m._della_vittoria_nuova_a_vr%2C_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Girolamo_dai_libri%2C_madonna_dell%27ombrello%2C_da_s.m._della_vittoria_nuova_a_vr%2C_01.jpg/192px-Girolamo_dai_libri%2C_madonna_dell%27ombrello%2C_da_s.m._della_vittoria_nuova_a_vr%2C_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2240" data-file-height="4192" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Madonna of the Umbrella</i>, <a href="/wiki/Girolamo_dai_Libri" title="Girolamo dai Libri">Girolamo dai Libri</a>, 1530s</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cima_da_Conegliano_-_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_-_WGA04908.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cima da Conegliano, Adoration of the Shepherds with saints, c. 1510"><img alt="Cima da Conegliano, Adoration of the Shepherds with saints, c. 1510" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cima_da_Conegliano_-_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_-_WGA04908.jpg/117px-Cima_da_Conegliano_-_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_-_WGA04908.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cima_da_Conegliano_-_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_-_WGA04908.jpg/176px-Cima_da_Conegliano_-_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_-_WGA04908.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cima_da_Conegliano_-_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_-_WGA04908.jpg/234px-Cima_da_Conegliano_-_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_-_WGA04908.jpg 2x" data-file-width="846" data-file-height="1300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cima_da_Conegliano" title="Cima da Conegliano">Cima da Conegliano</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Shepherds" title="Adoration of the Shepherds">Adoration of the Shepherds</a> with saints</i>, c. 1510</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arcangeli-tosini.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Michele Tosini, Archangels Raphael, Michael and Gabriel, showing their attributes"><img alt="Michele Tosini, Archangels Raphael, Michael and Gabriel, showing their attributes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Arcangeli-tosini.jpg/180px-Arcangeli-tosini.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Arcangeli-tosini.jpg/270px-Arcangeli-tosini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Arcangeli-tosini.jpg/360px-Arcangeli-tosini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3170" data-file-height="2990" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Michele_Tosini" title="Michele Tosini">Michele Tosini</a>, Archangels Raphael, Michael and Gabriel, showing their attributes</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_media">Other media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tobias_and_the_Angel&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palazzo_Ducale_particolare.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Gothic corner, Doge's Palace, Venice, Raphael's scroll reads "Efficia fretum quietum" ("Keep the Gulf quiet")."><img alt="Gothic corner, Doge's Palace, Venice, Raphael's scroll reads "Efficia fretum quietum" ("Keep the Gulf quiet")." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Palazzo_Ducale_particolare.JPG/135px-Palazzo_Ducale_particolare.JPG" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Palazzo_Ducale_particolare.JPG/202px-Palazzo_Ducale_particolare.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Palazzo_Ducale_particolare.JPG/270px-Palazzo_Ducale_particolare.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gothic corner, <a href="/wiki/Doge%27s_Palace" title="Doge's Palace">Doge's Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, Raphael's scroll reads "<i>Efficia fretum quietum</i>" ("Keep the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Venice" title="Gulf of Venice">Gulf</a> quiet").</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Andrea_della_Robbia_-_Raffaele_e_Tobiolo.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Andrea della Robbia, c. 1475, part of a glazed terracotta tabernacle"><img alt="Andrea della Robbia, c. 1475, part of a glazed terracotta tabernacle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Andrea_della_Robbia_-_Raffaele_e_Tobiolo.JPG/120px-Andrea_della_Robbia_-_Raffaele_e_Tobiolo.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Andrea_della_Robbia_-_Raffaele_e_Tobiolo.JPG/180px-Andrea_della_Robbia_-_Raffaele_e_Tobiolo.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Andrea_della_Robbia_-_Raffaele_e_Tobiolo.JPG/240px-Andrea_della_Robbia_-_Raffaele_e_Tobiolo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1584" data-file-height="2376" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Andrea_della_Robbia" title="Andrea della Robbia">Andrea della Robbia</a>, c. 1475, part of a glazed terracotta tabernacle</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Otto_p12.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Engraving from the Otto prints, Florence, around 1475"><img alt="Engraving from the Otto prints, Florence, around 1475" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Otto_p12.png/180px-Otto_p12.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Otto_p12.png/270px-Otto_p12.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Otto_p12.png/360px-Otto_p12.png 2x" data-file-width="563" data-file-height="546" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">Engraving</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Otto_prints" title="Otto prints">Otto prints</a>, Florence, around 1475</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_Rounels_from_the_Life_of_Tobias,_2._Tobias_defeats_the_Fish,_Southern_Netherlands,_c._1500,_stained_glass_-_Museum_Schn%C3%BCtgen_-_Cologne,_Germany_-_DSC09856.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stained glass, Netherlands, c. 1500, the departure (or return) in the background"><img alt="Stained glass, Netherlands, c. 1500, the departure (or return) in the background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Three_Rounels_from_the_Life_of_Tobias%2C_2._Tobias_defeats_the_Fish%2C_Southern_Netherlands%2C_c._1500%2C_stained_glass_-_Museum_Schn%C3%BCtgen_-_Cologne%2C_Germany_-_DSC09856.jpg/180px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Three_Rounels_from_the_Life_of_Tobias%2C_2._Tobias_defeats_the_Fish%2C_Southern_Netherlands%2C_c._1500%2C_stained_glass_-_Museum_Schn%C3%BCtgen_-_Cologne%2C_Germany_-_DSC09856.jpg/270px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Three_Rounels_from_the_Life_of_Tobias%2C_2._Tobias_defeats_the_Fish%2C_Southern_Netherlands%2C_c._1500%2C_stained_glass_-_Museum_Schn%C3%BCtgen_-_Cologne%2C_Germany_-_DSC09856.jpg/360px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3358" data-file-height="3359" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stained glass, Netherlands, c. 1500, the departure (or return) in the background</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tobias_vangt_op_aanraden_van_de_engel_een_grote_vis_Der_Engel_erloest_Thobwie_vom_Eisch_6_C_(titel_op_object)_Verhaal_van_Tobias_(serietitel),_RP-P-OB-10.973.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Engraving, Georg Pencz, 1543, 63 x 101 mm"><img alt="Engraving, Georg Pencz, 1543, 63 x 101 mm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Tobias_vangt_op_aanraden_van_de_engel_een_grote_vis_Der_Engel_erloest_Thobwie_vom_Eisch_6_C_%28titel_op_object%29_Verhaal_van_Tobias_%28serietitel%29%2C_RP-P-OB-10.973.jpg/180px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Tobias_vangt_op_aanraden_van_de_engel_een_grote_vis_Der_Engel_erloest_Thobwie_vom_Eisch_6_C_%28titel_op_object%29_Verhaal_van_Tobias_%28serietitel%29%2C_RP-P-OB-10.973.jpg/270px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Tobias_vangt_op_aanraden_van_de_engel_een_grote_vis_Der_Engel_erloest_Thobwie_vom_Eisch_6_C_%28titel_op_object%29_Verhaal_van_Tobias_%28serietitel%29%2C_RP-P-OB-10.973.jpg/360px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6506" data-file-height="4278" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Engraving, <a href="/wiki/Georg_Pencz" title="Georg Pencz">Georg Pencz</a>, 1543, 63 x 101 mm</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tobias_en_de_engel,_BK-16505.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Silver plaquette by Matthäus Merian the Elder, 1627-1650 (they appear twice)"><img alt="Silver plaquette by Matthäus Merian the Elder, 1627-1650 (they appear twice)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Tobias_en_de_engel%2C_BK-16505.jpg/180px-Tobias_en_de_engel%2C_BK-16505.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Tobias_en_de_engel%2C_BK-16505.jpg/270px-Tobias_en_de_engel%2C_BK-16505.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Tobias_en_de_engel%2C_BK-16505.jpg/360px-Tobias_en_de_engel%2C_BK-16505.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4237" data-file-height="4237" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Silver <a href="/wiki/Plaquette" title="Plaquette">plaquette</a> by <a href="/wiki/Matth%C3%A4us_Merian_the_Elder" title="Matthäus Merian the Elder">Matthäus Merian the Elder</a>, 1627-1650 (they appear twice)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gerard_de_Jode_after_Hans_Bol,_Tobias_and_the_Angel_Disembowling_the_Fish,_NGA_55471.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Engraving and etching by Gerard de Jode after Hans Bol, by 1591 (they appear twice)"><img alt="Engraving and etching by Gerard de Jode after Hans Bol, by 1591 (they appear twice)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Gerard_de_Jode_after_Hans_Bol%2C_Tobias_and_the_Angel_Disembowling_the_Fish%2C_NGA_55471.jpg/180px-Gerard_de_Jode_after_Hans_Bol%2C_Tobias_and_the_Angel_Disembowling_the_Fish%2C_NGA_55471.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Gerard_de_Jode_after_Hans_Bol%2C_Tobias_and_the_Angel_Disembowling_the_Fish%2C_NGA_55471.jpg/270px-Gerard_de_Jode_after_Hans_Bol%2C_Tobias_and_the_Angel_Disembowling_the_Fish%2C_NGA_55471.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Gerard_de_Jode_after_Hans_Bol%2C_Tobias_and_the_Angel_Disembowling_the_Fish%2C_NGA_55471.jpg/360px-Gerard_de_Jode_after_Hans_Bol%2C_Tobias_and_the_Angel_Disembowling_the_Fish%2C_NGA_55471.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2992" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Engraving and etching by <a href="/wiki/Gerard_de_Jode" title="Gerard de Jode">Gerard de Jode</a> after <a href="/wiki/Hans_Bol" title="Hans Bol">Hans Bol</a>, by 1591 (they appear twice)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tobias_vangt_de_grote_vis,_RP-P-1959-600.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gutting the fish, engraving c. 1590 by Jacob de Gheyn II, after Karel van Mander"><img alt="Gutting the fish, engraving c. 1590 by Jacob de Gheyn II, after Karel van Mander" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Tobias_vangt_de_grote_vis%2C_RP-P-1959-600.jpg/180px-Tobias_vangt_de_grote_vis%2C_RP-P-1959-600.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Tobias_vangt_de_grote_vis%2C_RP-P-1959-600.jpg/270px-Tobias_vangt_de_grote_vis%2C_RP-P-1959-600.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Tobias_vangt_de_grote_vis%2C_RP-P-1959-600.jpg/360px-Tobias_vangt_de_grote_vis%2C_RP-P-1959-600.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4280" data-file-height="3978" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gutting the fish, engraving c. 1590 by <a href="/wiki/Jacob_de_Gheyn_II" title="Jacob de Gheyn II">Jacob de Gheyn II</a>, after <a href="/wiki/Karel_van_Mander" title="Karel van Mander">Karel van Mander</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wenceslas_Hollar_-_Tobias_and_the_Angel_(State_1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wenceslaus Hollar, Tobias and the Angel, copying a painting by Adam Elsheimer"><img alt="Wenceslaus Hollar, Tobias and the Angel, copying a painting by Adam Elsheimer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Wenceslas_Hollar_-_Tobias_and_the_Angel_%28State_1%29.jpg/180px-Wenceslas_Hollar_-_Tobias_and_the_Angel_%28State_1%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Wenceslas_Hollar_-_Tobias_and_the_Angel_%28State_1%29.jpg/270px-Wenceslas_Hollar_-_Tobias_and_the_Angel_%28State_1%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Wenceslas_Hollar_-_Tobias_and_the_Angel_%28State_1%29.jpg/360px-Wenceslas_Hollar_-_Tobias_and_the_Angel_%28State_1%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6683" data-file-height="4713" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_Hollar" title="Wenceslaus Hollar">Wenceslaus Hollar</a>, <i>Tobias and the Angel</i>, copying a painting by <a href="/wiki/Adam_Elsheimer" title="Adam Elsheimer">Adam Elsheimer</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:110.Tobias_and_the_Angel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bible illustration by Gustave Doré, 1866"><img alt="Bible illustration by Gustave Doré, 1866" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/110.Tobias_and_the_Angel.jpg/143px-110.Tobias_and_the_Angel.jpg" decoding="async" width="143" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/110.Tobias_and_the_Angel.jpg/215px-110.Tobias_and_the_Angel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/110.Tobias_and_the_Angel.jpg/286px-110.Tobias_and_the_Angel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="2898" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bible illustration by <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Dor%C3%A9" title="Gustave Doré">Gustave Doré</a>, 1866</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature_and_theatre">Literature and theatre</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tobias_and_the_Angel&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Literature and theatre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Tobias and the Angel</i> (1930), play by <a href="/wiki/James_Bridie" title="James Bridie">James Bridie</a> (1888–1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobias_and_the_Angel_(opera)" title="Tobias and the Angel (opera)"><i>Tobias and the Angel</i> (opera)</a> (1999), community opera</li> <li><i>Tobias and the Angel</i>, 1975 novel by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Yerby" title="Frank Yerby">Frank Yerby</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tobias_and_the_Angel&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tobias_and_the_Angel" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tobias and the Angel">Tobias and the Angel</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hall, 304</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example in the Pollaiolo, the later Titian, the London Verrocchio, and the Perugino</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hall, 304</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown, 140; Hall, 304-305</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hall, 304</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hall, 304</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hall, 304</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hall, 260, 305; Klessmann, 152</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnm.de/objekte/erzengel-raphael-und-der-junge-tobias/">"Catalogue entry"</a> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Catalogue+entry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gnm.de%2Fobjekte%2Ferzengel-raphael-und-der-junge-tobias%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATobias+and+the+Angel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/workshop-of-andrea-del-verrocchio-tobias-and-the-angel">National Gallery page</a>; Torino; Hall, 260, 305; Whitaker & Clayton, 197</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klessmann, 169</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eisenbichler, 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://objektkatalog.gnm.de/wisski/navigate/54479/view">Germanisches Nationalmuseum</a>, online catalogue</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davies, 303 (NG 593), and 287 (NG 1124) respectively</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davies, 556</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Torino</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/File:Follower_Joachim_Patinier_-_Tobias_1550-1599_FHM01_OS-I-279.jpg" title="File:Follower Joachim Patinier - Tobias 1550-1599 FHM01 OS-I-279.jpg">the picture</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klessmann, 152</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2015/sven-gahlin-collection-l15224/lot.10.html">Sotheby's "The Sven Gahlin Collection", Lot 10</a>, <i>Tobias and a seated angel</i>, attributable to <a href="/wiki/Manohar_Das" title="Manohar Das">Manohar</a>, Mughal, circa 1590</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whitaker & Clayton, 194</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whitaker & Clayton, 197</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Tobit" title="Book of Tobit">Book of Tobit</a>—for Catholics part of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a>—sets its story in the 8th century BC, though it is usually considered that the text was written several centuries later. The journey of Tobias and the Angel, touching the <a href="/wiki/River_Tigris" class="mw-redirect" title="River Tigris">river Tigris</a>, is placed in <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>, a long way from the time and places of <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> episodes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whitaker & Clayton, 197</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cole, Alison, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2021/11/19/botticelli-altarpiece-in-a-new-light">Restoration of Courtauld Gallery's Botticelli altarpiece yields surprising new discoveries</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/The_Art_Newspaper" title="The Art Newspaper">The Art Newspaper</a></i>, 19 November 2021; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://courtauld.ac.uk/highlights/the-trinity-with-saints/">Museum page</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">That these figures are Tobias and the Angel has been disputed; they might represent the patron and his guardian angel.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.artsmia.org/art/1401/shepherd-boy-pointing-at-tobias-and-the-angel-abraham-bloemaert">MIA page on the work</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hall, 208</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hall, 134</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hall, 260</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tobias_and_the_Angel&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Brown, David Alan et al., <i>Bellini, Giorgione, Titian, and the Renaissance of Venetian Painting</i>, 140, 2006, National Gallery of Art, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300116779" title="Special:BookSources/9780300116779">9780300116779</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h7CFI1TB0MwC&pg=PA140">Google Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Davies_(museum_director)" title="Martin Davies (museum director)">Davies, Martin</a>, <i>The Earlier Italian Schools</i>, National Gallery Catalogues, 1961, reprinted 1986, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0901791296" title="Special:BookSources/0901791296">0901791296</a></li> <li>Eisenbichler, Konrad, <i>The Boys of the Archangel Raphael: A Youth Confraternity in Florence, 1411-1785</i>, 2011, University of Toronto Press, ISBN 9781442613034, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZXzm5SiA1vsC">Google Books</a></li> <li>Hall, James, <i>Hall's Dictionary of Subjects and Symbols in Art</i>, 1996 (2nd ed.), John Murray, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0719541476" title="Special:BookSources/0719541476">0719541476</a></li> <li>Klessmann, Rüdiger, <i>Adam Elsheimer 1578–1610</i>, 152, 2006, Paul Holberton Publishing/National Galleries of Scotland; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1%2B903278%2B783" title="Special:BookSources/1+903278+783">1 903278 783</a></li> <li>"Torino": <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.museireali.beniculturali.it/catalogo-galleria-sabauda/#/dettaglio/60076_L'Arcangelo%20Raffaele%20e%20Tobiolo">Online catalogue entry for the Pollaiuolo</a>, Musei Reali Torino <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span></li> <li>Whitaker, Lucy & Clayton, Martin, <i>The Art of Italy in the Royal Collection; Renaissance and Baroque</i>, Royal Collection Publications, 2007, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978%2B1%2B902163%2B291" title="Special:BookSources/978+1+902163+291">978 1 902163 291</a>; a shorter version at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rct.uk/collection/exhibitions/charles-ii-art-power/the-queens-gallery-buckingham-palace/madonna-and-child-in-a-landscape-with-tobias-and-the-angel">Royal Collection page</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tobias_and_the_Angel&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bredin, Mark (ed.), <i>Studies in the Book of Tobit: A Multidisciplinary Approach</i>, 2006, Bloomsbury Academic, especially Ch. 5 "Tobit in the Art of the Florentine Renaissance", by Trevor Hart, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780567082299" title="Special:BookSources/9780567082299">9780567082299</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Book_of_Tobit" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Book_of_Tobit" title="Template:Book of Tobit"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Book_of_Tobit" title="Template talk:Book of Tobit"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Book_of_Tobit" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Book of Tobit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Book_of_Tobit" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Tobit" title="Book of Tobit">Book of Tobit</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Tobit" title="Book of Tobit">Book of Tobit</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Tobit</li> <li>Anna</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobias" title="Tobias">Tobias</a></li> <li>Sarah</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asmodeus" title="Asmodeus">Asmodeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Naphtali" title="Tribe of Naphtali">Tribe of Naphtali</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_(1825-1905)_-_Tobias_Saying_Good-Bye_to_his_Father_(1860).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_%281825-1905%29_-_Tobias_Saying_Good-Bye_to_his_Father_%281860%29.png/150px-William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_%281825-1905%29_-_Tobias_Saying_Good-Bye_to_his_Father_%281860%29.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_%281825-1905%29_-_Tobias_Saying_Good-Bye_to_his_Father_%281860%29.png/225px-William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_%281825-1905%29_-_Tobias_Saying_Good-Bye_to_his_Father_%281860%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_%281825-1905%29_-_Tobias_Saying_Good-Bye_to_his_Father_%281860%29.png/300px-William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_%281825-1905%29_-_Tobias_Saying_Good-Bye_to_his_Father_%281860%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1148" data-file-height="1480" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nineveh" title="Nineveh">Nineveh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecbatana" title="Ecbatana">Ecbatana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishbe" title="Tishbe">Tishbe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portrayals in media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Themes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tobias and the Angel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tobias_and_the_Angel_(opera)" title="Tobias and the Angel (opera)">Tobias and the Angel</a></i> (Jonathan Dove, 1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Painting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tobias_and_the_Angel_(Pollaiuolo)" title="Tobias and the Angel (Pollaiuolo)">Tobias and the Angel</a></i> (Antonio and Piero del Pollaiuolo, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1465–1470</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tobias_and_the_Angel_(Verrocchio)" title="Tobias and the Angel (Verrocchio)">Tobias and the Angel</a></i> (Verrocchio, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1470–1475</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tobias_and_the_Angel_(Filippino_Lippi)" title="Tobias and the Angel (Filippino Lippi)">Tobias and the Angel</a></i> (Filippino Lippi, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1475–1480</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Angels_and_Young_Tobias" title="Three Angels and Young Tobias">Three Angels and Young Tobias</a></i> (Filippino Lippi, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1485</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Certosa_di_Pavia_Altarpiece" title="Certosa di Pavia Altarpiece">Certosa di Pavia Altarpiece</a></i> (Pietro Perugino, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1496–1500</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Archangel_Raphael_and_Tobias_(Titian)" title="The Archangel Raphael and Tobias (Titian)">The Archangel Raphael and Tobias</a></i> (Titian, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1512–1514</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tobias_and_the_Angel_(Savoldo)" title="Tobias and the Angel (Savoldo)">Tobias and the Angel</a></i> (Giovanni Girolamo Savoldo, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1527</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tobias%27_Journey" title="Tobias' Journey">Tobias' Journey</a></i> (Joos de Momper)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tobit_Accusing_Anna_of_Stealing_the_Kid" class="mw-redirect" title="Tobit Accusing Anna of Stealing the Kid">Tobit Accusing Anna of Stealing the Kid</a></i> (Rembrandt, 1626)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philosopher_in_Meditation" title="Philosopher in Meditation">Philosopher in Meditation</a></i> (Rembrandt, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1632</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Archangel_Raphael_Leaving_Tobias%27_Family" title="The Archangel Raphael Leaving Tobias' Family">The Archangel Raphael Leaving Tobias' Family</a></i> (Rembrandt, 1637)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Landscape_with_Tobias_and_the_Angel_(Rosa)" title="Landscape with Tobias and the Angel (Rosa)">Landscape with Tobias and the Angel</a></i> (Salvator Rosa, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1662</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mary,_Untier_of_Knots" title="Mary, Untier of Knots">Mary, Untier of Knots</a></i> (Johann Georg Melchior Schmidtner, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1700</span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">Biblical apocrypha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deuterocanonical_books" title="Deuterocanonical books">Deuterocanonical books</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/el:%CE%A4%CF%89%CE%B2%CE%AF%CF%84" class="extiw" title="wikisource:el:Τωβίτ">Septuagint</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Vulgata_Clementina/Liber_Tobiae" class="extiw" title="wikisource:la:Vulgata Clementina/Liber Tobiae">Vulgata Clementina</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(Wycliffe)/Tobit" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (Wycliffe)/Tobit">Wycliffe Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Tobit" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (King James)/Tobit">King James Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Tobit" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Tobit">American Standard Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(World_English)/Tobit" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (World English)/Tobit">World English Version</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tobias_and_the_Angel&oldid=1242524380">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tobias_and_the_Angel&oldid=1242524380</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Paintings_of_Tobias" title="Category:Paintings of Tobias">Paintings of Tobias</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christian_iconography" title="Category:Christian iconography">Christian iconography</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dogs_in_art" title="Category:Dogs in art">Dogs in art</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Angels_in_art" title="Category:Angels in art">Angels in art</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Italian-language_sources_(it)" title="Category:Articles with Italian-language sources (it)">Articles with Italian-language sources (it)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 27 August 2024, at 07:46<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tobias_and_the_Angel&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-4d6jn","wgBackendResponseTime":128,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.566","walltime":"0.767","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3384,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":40230,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3653,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":80965,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 663.868 1 -total"," 18.12% 120.287 4 Template:Gallery"," 16.86% 111.923 2 Template:Navbox"," 16.48% 109.436 1 Template:Reflist"," 16.48% 109.431 1 Template:In_lang"," 15.42% 102.391 1 Template:Book_of_Tobit"," 12.80% 84.970 1 Template:Cite_web"," 11.22% 74.461 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.16% 47.508 1 Template:Commonscat"," 6.65% 44.152 1 Template:Sister_project"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.366","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":17512437,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5dc468848-hnpjs","timestamp":"20241122143218","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Tobias and the Angel","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tobias_and_the_Angel","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3530155","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3530155","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-06-19T12:41:30Z","dateModified":"2024-08-27T07:46:00Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/00\/Accademia_-_Archangel_Raphael_and_Tobit_by_Titian.jpg","headline":"artistic subject from the Book of Tobit"}</script> </body> </html>