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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grove's_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span><i>Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grove's_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_New_Grove" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_New_Grove"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span><i>The New Grove</i></span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-The_New_Grove-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle <i>The New Grove</i> subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-The_New_Grove-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_edition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_edition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>First edition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_edition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spin-offs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spin-offs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Spin-offs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spin-offs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_edition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_edition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Second edition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_edition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grove_Music_Online_and_Oxford_Music_Online" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grove_Music_Online_and_Oxford_Music_Online"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span><i>Grove Music Online</i> and <i>Oxford Music Online</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grove_Music_Online_and_Oxford_Music_Online-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Contents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hoaxes_and_parodies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hoaxes_and_parodies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Hoaxes and parodies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hoaxes_and_parodies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" title="Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" title="The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" title="Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" title="Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" title="The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" title="Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music" title="New Grove Dictionary of Music – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="New Grove Dictionary of Music" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C_%D9%88_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88" title="فرهنگنامه موسیقی و موسیقی‌دانان نیو گروو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرهنگنامه موسیقی و موسیقی‌دانان نیو گروو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" title="Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" title="Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91_%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9D" title="מילון גרוב למוזיקה ומוזיקאים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מילון גרוב למוזיקה ומוזיקאים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A3%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="გროუვის მუსიკალური ლექსიკონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გროუვის მუსიკალური ლექსიკონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B4%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%9F%B3%E6%A5%BD%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%8B%E5%85%B8" title="ニューグローヴ世界音楽大事典 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニューグローヴ世界音楽大事典" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" title="Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" title="Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" title="Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Музыкальный словарь Гроува – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Музыкальный словарь Гроува" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" title="The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" title="Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Музичний словник Грова – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Музичний словник Грова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%A0%BC%E7%BD%97%E5%A4%AB%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90%E4%B8%8E%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90%E5%AE%B6%E8%BE%9E%E5%85%B8" title="新格罗夫音乐与音乐家辞典 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="新格罗夫音乐与音乐家辞典" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;">The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Grove+Dictionary+of+Music+and+Musicians&rft.author=Multiple&rft.date=1878%E2%80%93present&rft.pub=%5B%5BOxford+University+Press%5D%5D&rft.place=United+Kingdom%2C+United+States"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Grove,_shallow.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Second edition of the New Grove, shelved"><img alt="Second edition of the New Grove, shelved" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/New_Grove%2C_shallow.JPG/200px-New_Grove%2C_shallow.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/New_Grove%2C_shallow.JPG/300px-New_Grove%2C_shallow.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/New_Grove%2C_shallow.JPG/400px-New_Grove%2C_shallow.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data">Multiple</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Original title</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>A Dictionary of Music and Musicians</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subject</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">Music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musicology" title="Musicology">musicology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_history" title="Music history">music history</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_theory" title="Music theory">music theory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethnomusicology" title="Ethnomusicology">ethnomusicology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Reference_work" title="Reference work">Reference</a>; <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedic_dictionary" title="Encyclopedic dictionary">encyclopedic dictionary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Publication date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1878–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom, United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Media type</th><td class="infobox-data">hardback, paperback, and online</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Text</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" class="extiw" title="s:A Dictionary of Music and Musicians">The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/">www<wbr />.oxfordmusiconline<wbr />.com<wbr />/grovemusic<wbr />/</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians</b></i> is an <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedic_dictionary" title="Encyclopedic dictionary">encyclopedic dictionary</a> of music and musicians. Along with the German-language <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Musik_in_Geschichte_und_Gegenwart" title="Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart">Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart</a></i>, it is one of the largest reference works on the <a href="/wiki/History_of_music" title="History of music">history</a> and <a href="/wiki/Music_theory" title="Music theory">theory of music</a>. Earlier editions were published under the titles <i><b>A Dictionary of Music and Musicians</b></i>, and <i><b>Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians</b></i>; the work has gone through several editions since the 19th century and is widely used. In recent years it has been made available as an <a href="/wiki/Web_resource" title="Web resource">electronic resource</a> called <i><b>Grove Music Online</b></i>, which is now an important part of <i><b>Oxford Music Online</b></i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="A_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians"><i>A Dictionary of Music and Musicians</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: A Dictionary of Music and Musicians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>A Dictionary of Music and Musicians</i> was first published in London by <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_and_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="Macmillan and Co.">Macmillan and Co.</a><sup id="cite_ref-history_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in four volumes (1879, 1880, 1883, 1889) edited by <a href="/wiki/George_Grove" title="George Grove">George Grove</a> with an Appendix edited by <a href="/wiki/John_Alexander_Fuller_Maitland" title="John Alexander Fuller Maitland">J. A. Fuller Maitland</a> in the fourth volume. An Index edited by Mrs. E. Wodehouse was issued as a separate volume in 1890. In 1900, minor corrections were made to the plates and the entire series was reissued in four volumes, with the index added to volume 4. The original edition and the reprint are now freely available online.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grove limited the chronological span of his work to begin at 1450 while continuing up to his time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grove's_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians"><span id="Grove.27s_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians"></span><i>Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The second edition (<i>Grove II</i>), in five volumes, was edited by Fuller Maitland and published from 1904 to 1910, this time as <i>Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians</i>. The individual volumes of the second edition were reprinted many times. An <i>American Supplement</i> edited by Waldo Selden Pratt and Charles N. Boyd was published in 1920 in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> by <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Presser" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodore Presser">Theodore Presser</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-history_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This edition removed the first edition's beginning date of 1450,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though important earlier composers and theorists are still missing from this edition. These volumes are also now freely available online.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The third edition (<i>Grove III</i>), also in five volumes, was an extensive revision of the 2nd edition; it was edited by <a href="/wiki/H._C._Colles" title="H. C. Colles">H. C. Colles</a> and published in 1927.<sup id="cite_ref-Blom1970_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blom1970-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 3rd edition was reprinted several times. An <i>American Supplement</i> was published in the U.S. in 1927, and also later reprinted separately. </p><p>An extra-large <i>Supplementary Volume</i> also edited by Colles was published in 1940 and called the fourth edition (<i>Grove IV</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-history_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A reprint of the 3rd edition with some corrections, was released at the same time. The five-volume 3rd edition, with the <i>Supplementary Volume</i> as volume 6, and the <i>American Supplement</i> of the 3rd edition as volume 7, were reprinted together as a set in 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fifth edition (<i>Grove V</i>), in nine volumes, was edited by <a href="/wiki/Eric_Blom" title="Eric Blom">Eric Blom</a> and published in 1954. This was the most thoroughgoing revision of the work since its inception, with many articles rewritten in a more modern style and a large number of entirely new articles. Many of the articles were written by Blom personally, or translated by him. An additional <i>Supplementary Volume</i> prepared by Eric Blom and completed by <a href="/wiki/Denis_Stevens" title="Denis Stevens">Denis Stevens</a> after Blom's death in 1959, was issued in 1961. The fifth edition was reprinted in 1966, 1968, 1970, 1973, and 1975,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> each time with numerous corrections, updates, and other small changes.<sup id="cite_ref-history_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_New_Grove"><i>The New Grove</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The New Grove"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_edition">First edition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: First edition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The next edition was published in 1980 under the name <i>The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians</i> and was greatly expanded to 20 volumes with 22,500 articles and 16,500 biographies.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its senior editor was <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Sadie" title="Stanley Sadie">Stanley Sadie</a> with <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Fortune" title="Nigel Fortune">Nigel Fortune</a> also serving as one of the main editors for the publication. </p><p>It was reprinted with minor corrections each subsequent year until 1995, except 1982 and 1983. In the mid-1990s, the hardback set sold for about $2,300. A paperback edition was reprinted in 1995 which sold for $500. </p> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-23111-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-23111-2">0-333-23111-2</a> – hardback</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56159-174-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-56159-174-2">1-56159-174-2</a> – paperback</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-73250-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-73250-2">0-333-73250-2</a> – British special edition</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56159-229-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-56159-229-3">1-56159-229-3</a> – American special edition</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spin-offs">Spin-offs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Spin-offs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some sections of <i>The New Grove</i> were also issued as small sets and individual books on particular topics. These typically were enhanced with expanded and updated material and included individual and grouped composer biographies,<sup id="cite_ref-oestreich20010121_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oestreich20010121-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a four-volume dictionary of <a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_States" title="Music of the United States">American music</a> (1984; revised 2013, 8 vols.),<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a three-volume dictionary of musical instruments (1984),<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Opera" title="The New Grove Dictionary of Opera">four-volume dictionary of opera</a> (1992).,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a volume on women composers (1994).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_edition">Second edition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Second edition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The second edition under this title (the seventh overall) was published in 2001, in 29 volumes. It was also made available by subscription on the internet in a service called Grove Music Online.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was again edited by <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Sadie" title="Stanley Sadie">Stanley Sadie</a>, and the executive editor was <a href="/wiki/John_Tyrrell_(musicologist)" title="John Tyrrell (musicologist)">John Tyrrell</a>. It was originally to be released on CD-ROM as well, but this plan was dropped. As Sadie writes in the preface, "The biggest single expansion in the present edition has been in the coverage of 20th-century composers". </p><p>This edition was subjected to negative criticism (e.g. in <i><a href="/wiki/Private_Eye" title="Private Eye">Private Eye</a></i>) owing to the significant number of typographical and factual errors that it contained.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two volumes were re-issued in corrected versions after production errors originally caused the omission of sections of <a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Igor Stravinsky</a>'s worklist and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a>'s bibliography. </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-60800-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-60800-3">0-333-60800-3</a> – British</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56159-239-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-56159-239-0">1-56159-239-0</a> – American (cloth: alk.paper)</li></ul> <p>Publication of the second edition of <i>The New Grove</i> was accompanied by a Web-based version, <i>Grove Music Online</i>. It too, attracted some initial criticism, for example for the way in which images were not incorporated into the text but kept separate.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grove_Music_Online_and_Oxford_Music_Online"><i>Grove Music Online</i> and <i>Oxford Music Online</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Grove Music Online and Oxford Music Online"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The complete text of <i>The New Grove</i> is available to subscribers to the online service <i>Grove Music Online</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Grove Music Online</i> includes a large number of revisions and additions of new articles. In addition to the 29 volumes of <i>The New Grove</i> second edition, <i>Grove Music Online</i> incorporates the four-volume <i><a href="/wiki/New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Opera" class="mw-redirect" title="New Grove Dictionary of Opera">New Grove Dictionary of Opera</a></i> (ed. <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Sadie" title="Stanley Sadie">Stanley Sadie</a>, 1992) and the three-volume <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Jazz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Grove Dictionary of Jazz (page does not exist)">New Grove Dictionary of Jazz</a></i>, second edition (ed. <a href="/wiki/Barry_Kernfeld" title="Barry Kernfeld">Barry Kernfeld</a>, 2002), <i>The Grove Dictionary of American Music</i> and <i>The Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> comprising a total of more than 50,000 articles. The current editor-in-chief of Grove Music, the name given to the complete slate of print and online resources that encompass the Grove brand, is <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh" title="University of Pittsburgh">University of Pittsburgh</a> professor Deane Root. He assumed the editorship in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The dictionary, originally published by <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan</a>, was sold in 2004 to <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Since 2001<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Grove Music Online</i> has served as a cornerstone of Oxford University Press's larger online research tool <i>Oxford Music Online</i>, which remains a subscription-based service.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As well as being available to individual and educational subscribers, it is available for use at many public and university libraries worldwide, through institutional subscriptions.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Grove Music Online</i> identifies itself as the eighth edition of the overall work.<sup id="cite_ref-history_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Status">Status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>The New Grove</i> is often the first source that English-speaking <a href="/wiki/Musicology" title="Musicology">musicologists</a> use when beginning research or seeking information on most musical topics. Its scope and extensive bibliographies make it exceedingly valuable to any scholar with a grasp of the English language.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Synthesis_of_published_material" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="The material near this tag may be based upon an improper synthesis of sources. (May 2020)">improper synthesis?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The print edition of <i>The New Grove</i> costs between $1,100 and $1,500,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while an annual personal subscription to Grove Music Online as of 2 August 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> is $195.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The companion four-volume series, <i><a href="/wiki/New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Opera" class="mw-redirect" title="New Grove Dictionary of Opera">New Grove Dictionary of Opera</a></i>, is the main reference work in English on the subject of opera. </p><p>Its principal competitor is the <i><a href="/wiki/Musik_in_Geschichte_und_Gegenwart" class="mw-redirect" title="Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart">Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart</a></i> ("MGG"), currently<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (September 2018)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> ten volumes on musical subjects and seventeen on biographies of musicians, written in German. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contents">Contents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Contents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 2001 edition contains: </p> <ul><li>29,499 articles in total <ul><li>5,623 entirely new articles</li></ul></li> <li>20,374 biographies of <a href="/wiki/Composer" title="Composer">composers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Performing_arts" title="Performing arts">performers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Songwriter" title="Songwriter">writers on music</a> <ul><li>96 articles on <a href="/wiki/Theatre_director" title="Theatre director">theatre directors</a></li></ul></li> <li>1,465 articles on styles, <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_music_terminology" title="Glossary of music terminology">terms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre">genres</a> <ul><li>283 articles on concepts</li></ul></li> <li>805 articles on regions, countries and cities <ul><li>580 articles on <a href="/wiki/Ancient_music" title="Ancient music">ancient music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Church_music" title="Church music">church music</a></li> <li>1,327 articles on <a href="/wiki/World_music" title="World music">world musics</a></li> <li>1,221 articles on <a href="/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">popular music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Light_music" title="Light music">light music</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a></li></ul></li> <li>2,261 articles on instruments and their <a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">makers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Historically_informed_performance" title="Historically informed performance">performance practice</a> <ul><li>89 articles on <a href="/wiki/Acoustics" title="Acoustics">acoustics</a></li></ul></li> <li>693 articles on printing and publishing <ul><li>174 articles on notation</li> <li>131 articles on sources</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hoaxes_and_parodies">Hoaxes and parodies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Hoaxes and parodies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two non-existent composers have appeared in the work: </p><p><b>Dag Henrik Esrum-Hellerup</b> was the subject of a hoax entry in the 1980 <i>New Grove</i>. Esrum-Hellerup's surname derives from a Danish village and a suburb of Copenhagen.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The writer of the entry was <a href="/wiki/Robert_Layton_(musicologist)" title="Robert Layton (musicologist)">Robert Layton</a>. Though successfully introduced into the encyclopaedia, Esrum-Hellerup appeared in the first printing only: soon exposed as a hoax, the entry was removed and the space filled with an illustration.<sup id="cite_ref-oestreich20010121_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oestreich20010121-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1983, the Danish organist Henry Palsmar founded an amateur choir, the Esrum-Hellerup Choir, along with several former pupils of the Song School, St. Annae Gymnasium in Copenhagen.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Guglielmo Baldini</b> was the name of a non-existent composer who was the subject of a hoax entry in the 1980 edition. Unlike Esrum-Hellerup, Baldini was not a modern creation: his name and biography were in fact created almost a century earlier by the renowned German musicologist <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Riemann" title="Hugo Riemann">Hugo Riemann</a>. The <i>New Grove</i> entry on Baldini was supported by a fictional reference in the form of an article supposedly in the <i>Archiv für Freiburger Diözesan Geschichte</i>. Though successfully introduced into the encyclopaedia, Baldini appeared in the first printing only: soon exposed as a hoax, the entry was removed.<sup id="cite_ref-oestreich20010121_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oestreich20010121-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seven <a href="/wiki/Parody" title="Parody">parody</a> entries, written by contributors to the 1980 edition, and full of musical puns and dictionary <a href="/wiki/In-joke" title="In-joke">in-jokes</a>, were published in the February 1981 issue of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Musical_Times" title="The Musical Times">The Musical Times</a></i> (which was also edited by Stanley Sadie at the time).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These entries never appeared in the dictionary itself and are: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Knees_Up_Mother_Brown" title="Knees Up Mother Brown">Brown, "Mother" (Mary)</a></b> (<i>b.</i> 1550; <i>d.</i> Wapping, 3 January 1611)</li> <li><b>Ear-flute</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pied_Piper_of_Hamelin" title="Pied Piper of Hamelin">Hameln</a></b> [Hamelin]</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Khan't, Genghis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tamurlane" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamurlane">Tamburlaine</a>)</b> (<i>b.</i> Ulan Bator, c. 1880; <i>d.</i> New York, 22 November 1980)</li> <li><b>Stainglit (Nevers), Sait d'Ail</b> (<i><a href="/wiki/Floruit" title="Floruit">fl</a></i> Middle Ages) – i.e. "Stanley Sadie", following the <a href="/wiki/Mots_d%27Heures" class="mw-redirect" title="Mots d'Heures">example</a> of <a href="/wiki/Luis_van_Rooten" title="Luis van Rooten">Luis van Rooten</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Toblerone" title="Toblerone">Toblerone</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Verdi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lasagne" class="mw-redirect" title="Lasagne">Lasagne</a></b> ['Il Bolognese'] (<i>b.</i> Bologna, 10 October 1813; <i>d.</i> Naples, 15 March 1867)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The volumes of the first edition were published as follows:<br /> Vol. 1 (1879) A – Impromptu<br /> Vol. 2 (1880) Improperia – Plain Song<br /> Vol. 3 (1883) Planché – Sumer is icumen in<br /> Vol. 4 (1889) Sumer is icumen in – Z, Appendix, Supplement<br /> Index (1890)<br /> • Text-searchable copies are available at <br /><a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>: vols. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5Dw9AAAAYAAJ&pg=PR3">1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wt-2AAAAIAAJ&pg=PR1">2</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WlAoAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR3">3</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2FAoAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR3">4</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G90TAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP7">Index</a>.<br /> • Additional copies (non-searchable PDF image files) are also available for download at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://imslp.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians_(Grove,_George)#IMSLP96322">IMSLP</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The 1900 reprint is available in text-searchable format at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>: vols.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofmusi01grovuoft#page/n4/mode/1up">1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofmusi02grovuoft#page/n6/mode/1up">2</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofmusi03grovuoft#page/n6/mode/1up">3</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofmusi04grovuoft#page/n6/mode/1up">4</a>. (Vol. 4 includes the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofmusi04grovuoft#page/517/mode/1up">Appendix</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofmusi04grovuoft#page/i/mode/1up">Index</a>, and a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofmusi04grovuoft#page/181/mode/1up">catalogue of articles listed by author</a>.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The volumes of the second edition were published as follows: <br /> Vol. 1 (1904) A–E (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/250954613">250954613</a>)<br /> Vol. 2 (1906) F–L (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/250954626">250954626</a>)<br /> Vol. 3 (1907) M–P (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/250953930">250953930</a>)<br /> Vol. 4 (1908) Q–S (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/252807560">252807560</a>)<br /> Vol. 5 (1910) T–Z, Appendix (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/252807569">252807569</a>)<br /> • Text-searchable copies are available at:<br /> <span class="nowrap">    </span>• <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>: vols. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924021782838#page/n7/mode/2up">1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/grovesdictionar02maigoog#page/n9/mode/2up">2</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/grovesdictionar00unkngoog#page/n5/mode/2up">3</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/grovesdictionar00maigoog#page/n5/mode/2up">4</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924021782879#page/n11/mode/2up">5</a><br /> <span class="nowrap">    </span>• <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>: vols. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0Fr0AAAAMAAJ&pg=PR3">1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6eS2AAAAIAAJ&pg=PR3">2</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VWf0AAAAMAAJ&pg=PR3">3</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8gE9AAAAYAAJ&pg=PR3">4</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3Qw6AAAAIAAJ&pg=PR3">5</a>.<br /> • Copies (non-searchable PDF image files) are also available for download at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://imslp.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians_(Grove,_George)#IMSLP93356">IMSLP</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For the <i>American Supplement</i> published in 1920, see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1077116">1077116</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kPVLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR3">searchable copy</a> at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>, and <a href="/wiki/IMSLP" class="mw-redirect" title="IMSLP">IMSLP</a> file <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://imslp.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians_(Grove,_George)#IMSLP93522">#93522</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For the 4th edition <i>Supplementary Volume</i> published in New York, see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/248932279">248932279</a>. For the 4th edition <i>Supplementary Volume</i> published in London, see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/493270221">493270221</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For the reprinted <i>American Supplement</i> published in New York, see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/74811413">74811413</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-history-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Deane L. Root, 1 July 2012, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/page/History-of-Grove-Music">History of Grove Music</a> — at oxfordmusiconline.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grove II, vol. 1, p. vii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blom1970-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Blom1970_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Blom 1954 (1970 reprint), p. iv.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Blom 1954.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scott Kennedy, <i>Reference Sources for Small and Medium-sized Libraries</i> (1999) p. 216.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oestreich20010121-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oestreich20010121_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oestreich20010121_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oestreich20010121_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOestreich2001" class="citation news cs1">Oestreich, James R. (21 January 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/21/books/words-on-music-25-million-of-them.html">"Words on Music, 25 Million of Them"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Words+on+Music%2C+25+Million+of+Them&rft.date=2001-01-21&rft.aulast=Oestreich&rft.aufirst=James+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2001%2F01%2F21%2Fbooks%2Fwords-on-music-25-million-of-them.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+Grove+Dictionary+of+Music+and+Musicians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The New Grove Dictionary of American Music</i>, 4 volumes, 1984. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-37879-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-37879-3">978-0-333-37879-3</a>; 2013 (8 volumes): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195314281" title="Special:BookSources/9780195314281">9780195314281</a> .</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments</i>, 1984. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-37878-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-37878-6">978-0-333-37878-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The New Grove Dictionary of Opera</i>, 1992. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-48552-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-48552-1">978-0-333-48552-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The New Grove Dictionary of Women Composers</i>, 1994. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-51598-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-51598-6">0-333-51598-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grovemusic.com/">Grove Music Online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080516041031/http://www.grovemusic.com/">Archived</a> 16 May 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – online version of the 2001 edition</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lorenz_(musicologist)" title="Michael Lorenz (musicologist)">Michael Lorenz</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://michaelorenz.blogspot.co.at/2013/04/franz-schubert-in-new-grove-dictionary.html">"'Franz Schubert' in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians (2001)"</a> (Vienna, 2013).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/public/book/omo_gmo">"About Grove Music Online"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Grove+Music+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordmusiconline.com%2Fpublic%2Fbook%2Fomo_gmo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+Grove+Dictionary+of+Music+and+Musicians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/">Oxford Music Online</a>, retrieved 8 May 2015 <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/public/page/eic_pressrelease_09">"Deane Root to be Editor in Chief of Grove Music Program at OUP"</a> (press release), Oxford University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/page/about-gmo">"About Grove Music Online"</a>. <i>Oxford Music Online</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Music+Online&rft.atitle=About+Grove+Music+Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordmusiconline.com%2Fpage%2Fabout-gmo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+Grove+Dictionary+of+Music+and+Musicians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/public/about">"About Oxford Music Online"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Oxford+Music+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordmusiconline.com%2Fpublic%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+Grove+Dictionary+of+Music+and+Musicians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oxford Music Online: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/search?qt=worldcat_org_all&q=oxford+music+online">listing</a> at <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yorku.ca/caml/en/review/29-3/newgrove.htm">Article by Kathleen McMorrow, University of Toronto, in CAML Review, 7 February 2010, accessed 30 January 2011</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121007002146/http://www.yorku.ca/caml/en/review/29-3/newgrove.htm">Archived</a> 7 October 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/New-Grove-Dictionary-Music-Musicians/dp/0195170679">Amazon.com – Product page</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-517067-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-517067-2">978-0-19-517067-2</a>. Retrieved 8 March 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ams.oup.com/user/newacct.cgi?title=grovemusic">"Grove Music Online Subscription Order Form"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Grove+Music+Online+Subscription+Order+Form&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fams.oup.com%2Fuser%2Fnewacct.cgi%3Ftitle%3Dgrovemusic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+Grove+Dictionary+of+Music+and+Musicians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esrum-hellerup.dk/Hjemmeside/navnet.htm">Foreign-language webpage showing the original dictionary entry</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (October 2009)">unreliable source?</span></a></i>]</sup> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719122632/http://www.esrum-hellerup.dk/Hjemmeside/navnet.htm">Archived</a> 19 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevisonFarrer2007" class="citation book cs1">Levison, Brian; Farrer, Frances (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mjsulsePxWUC&pg=PA40">"How the Danes Discovered a New Composer"</a>. <i>Classical Music's Strangest Concerts: Extraordinary But True Stories From Over Five Centuries of Harmony and Discord</i>. London: Robson Books. pp. 40–43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86105-938-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86105-938-3"><bdi>978-1-86105-938-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=How+the+Danes+Discovered+a+New+Composer&rft.btitle=Classical+Music%27s+Strangest+Concerts%3A+Extraordinary+But+True+Stories+From+Over+Five+Centuries+of+Harmony+and+Discord&rft.place=London&rft.pages=40-43&rft.pub=Robson+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-86105-938-3&rft.aulast=Levison&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.au=Farrer%2C+Frances&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmjsulsePxWUC%26pg%3DPA40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+Grove+Dictionary+of+Music+and+Musicians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esrum-hellerup.dk/Hjemmeside/Koret.htm">Foreign-language webpage for the Choir</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130825101429/http://www.esrum-hellerup.dk/Hjemmeside/Koret.htm">Archived</a> 25 August 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[Stanley Sadie and others] <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/pss/960856">"The New Grove"</a>, in <i>The Musical Times</i>, Vol. 122, no. 1656 (February 1981), pp. 89–91.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Blom" title="Eric Blom">Eric Blom</a>, editor (1954). <i>Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians</i> (fifth edition). New York: St. Martin's Press (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/13586086">13586086</a>) and London: Macmillan (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/492124281">492124281</a>) <ul><li>Supplementary volume, associate editor Denis Stevens, 1961, New York (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/13586310">13586310</a>), London (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36817387">36817387</a>)</li> <li>Fifth edition reprints: 1966: New York (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/474130074">474130074</a>), London (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/221046579">221046579</a>); 1968: New York (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/3263363">3263363</a>); 1970: New York (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/34631845">34631845</a>); 1973: New York (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/436093724">436093724</a>), London (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/37186724">37186724</a>); 1975: New York (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/603321134">603321134</a>), London (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/2275432">2275432</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-19174-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-19174-3">978-0-333-19174-3</a>.)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Kernfeld" title="Barry Kernfeld">Barry Kernfeld</a>, editor (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.folklib.net/index/discog/bibliog8.shtml#dj"><i>The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz, Volume One, A-K</i></a>, 670 pp., The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz, Volume Two, L-Z, 690 pp. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-935859-39-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-935859-39-X">0-935859-39-X</a> (set of 2)</li> <li>Barry Kernfeld, editor (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.folklib.net/index/discog/bibliog8.shtml#rc"><i>The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz</i> (in one volume)</a>, 1358 pp. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-11357-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-11357-9">0-312-11357-9</a></li> <li>Barry Kernfeld, editor (2003). <i>The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz, 2nd edition (in three volumes)</i>, 3000 pp. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56159-284-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-56159-284-6">1-56159-284-6</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" class="extiw" title="wikisource:A Dictionary of Music and Musicians"><i>A Dictionary of Music and Musicians (1900)</i></a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Grove" title="George Grove">Grove, George</a>, ed.; <i>A Dictionary of Music and Musicians 1450–1889 (1900)</i>, 4 Volumes. <i><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>.<br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofmusi01grovuoft#page/n3/mode/2up">Volume 1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofmusi02grovuoft#page/n5/mode/2up">Volume 2</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofmusi03grovuoft#page/n5/mode/2up">Volume 3</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofmusi04grovuoft#page/n5/mode/2up">Volume 4</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Second edition: <br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924021782838#page/n7/mode/2up">Vol. 1 (1904) <b>A–E</b></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/grovesdictionar02maigoog#page/n9/mode/2up">Vol. 2 (1906) <b>F–L</b></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/grovesdictionar00unkngoog#page/n5/mode/2up">Vol. 3 (1907) <b>M–P</b></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/grovesdictionar00maigoog#page/n5/mode/2up">Vol. 4 (1908) <b>Q–S</b></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924021782879#page/n11/mode/2up">Vol. 5 (1910) <b>T–Z</b>, Appendix</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080227080616/http://www.sfsymphony.org/templates/basic.asp?nodeid=43&callid=34">About the New Grove Dictionary</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 27 February 2008), <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Symphony_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco Symphony Orchestra">San Francisco Symphony Orchestra</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120206223939/http://www.gregsandow.com/grove.htm">"Grove sees trees but not forest"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greg_Sandow" title="Greg Sandow">Greg Sandow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anne_Midgette" title="Anne Midgette">Anne Midgette</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>, 3 July 2001</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Ivry" title="Benjamin Ivry">Benjamin Ivry</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081009094204/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1252/is_5_128/ai_75445612">"You could look it up: <i>The New Grove Dictionary of Music & Musicians</i>" (Review)</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Commonweal_(magazine)" title="Commonweal (magazine)">Commonweal</a></i>, 9 March 2001 (archived at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</li> <li>Allen P. Britton, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3052162">Review: <i>The New Grove Dictionary of American Music</i></a>, <i>American Music</i>, Vol. 5, No. 2 (Summer 1987), pp. 194–203, at <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFairtile2003" class="citation journal cs1">Fairtile, Linda B. (Fall 2003). "Reviewed work(s): <i>The New Grove Dictionary of Music Online</i> by Laura Macy". <i>Journal of the American Musicological Society</i>. <b>56</b> (3): 748–754. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fjams.2003.56.3.748">10.1525/jams.2003.56.3.748</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3128793">3128793</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Musicological+Society&rft.atitle=Reviewed+work%28s%29%3A+The+New+Grove+Dictionary+of+Music+Online+by+Laura+Macy&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=748-754&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fjams.2003.56.3.748&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3128793%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Fairtile&rft.aufirst=Linda+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+Grove+Dictionary+of+Music+and+Musicians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Phillip D. Crabtree, Donald H. Foster, 1993, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5iL24k5vFMEC&pg=PA1"><i>Sourcebook for Research in Music</i></a>, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-21323-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-21323-1">0-253-21323-1</a>.</li> <li>Bruce Duffie, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bruceduffie.com/sadie.html">Interview with Stanley Sadie</a>, 29 October 1992.</li> <li><a href="https://imslp.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians_(Grove,_George)" class="extiw" title="scores:Dictionary of Music and Musicians (Grove, George)"><i>Dictionary of Music and Musicians</i></a>: Scores at the <a href="/wiki/International_Music_Score_Library_Project" title="International Music Score Library Project">International Music Score Library Project</a> (1904 edition, 1920 supplement)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/page/HistoryofGroveMusic">History of Grove Music</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/">Grove Music Online</a> Official home page</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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