CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title> Page-2 of GS-I: Modern World History - GKToday</title><meta name="distribution" content="global"><meta name="language" content="en"><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-i-modern-world-history/" /><meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /><style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style><meta name="google-site-verification" content="dvXSLvrGJWREiU33JbgEp-3VsopRrSVqGYaJGZcrxl8" /> <script src="data:text/javascript;base64,d2luZG93Ll93Y2E9d2luZG93Ll93Y2F8fFtd" defer></script> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.google.com' /><link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//stats.wp.com' /><link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com' /><link rel='preconnect' href='//i0.wp.com' /><style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none}</style><style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--font-family--inter: "Inter", sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--cardo: Cardo;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;}</style><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='gkt-upvotes-css' href='https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/litespeed/css/d973bf8ee7caed286cc5fe8cd40aee39.css?ver=aee39' type='text/css' media='all' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='wgktoday_woo_addon-css' href='https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/litespeed/css/8bc548fd8d4a99f3e6393a8b4eecfe2b.css?ver=cfe2b' type='text/css' media='all' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='woocommerce-layout-css' href='https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/litespeed/css/41c3fe6a72fd7582c75b01eb1043026c.css?ver=3026c' type='text/css' media='all' /><style id='woocommerce-layout-inline-css' type='text/css'>.infinite-scroll .woocommerce-pagination { display: none; }</style><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='woocommerce-smallscreen-css' href='https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/litespeed/css/680dfe992f8a3110606f52a9f8ebeaa2.css?ver=beaa2' type='text/css' media='only screen and (max-width: 768px)' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='woocommerce-general-css' href='https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/litespeed/css/7778a5f45cdd12002441a47a32e75561.css?ver=75561' type='text/css' media='all' /><style id='woocommerce-inline-inline-css' type='text/css'>.woocommerce form .form-row .required { visibility: visible; }</style><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='wsl-widget-css' href='https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/litespeed/css/f68f87396ca1f037c387d858a74ab718.css?ver=ab718' type='text/css' media='all' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='wp_basic_quiz_css-css' href='https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/litespeed/css/4a4e9f0e3faa4e46611cf18a92432909.css?ver=32909' type='text/css' media='all' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='wp-pagenavi-css' href='https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/litespeed/css/e17723d05766e1bfaf33ad2c13d50c65.css?ver=50c65' type='text/css' media='all' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='my-style-css' href='https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/litespeed/css/332f40920c8763505ba8c10d5fd4c8fe.css?ver=4c8fe' type='text/css' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-css' href='https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css?ver=4.7.0' type='text/css' media='all' /><style id='akismet-widget-style-inline-css' type='text/css'>.a-stats { --akismet-color-mid-green: #357b49; --akismet-color-white: #fff; --akismet-color-light-grey: #f6f7f7; max-width: 350px; width: auto; } .a-stats * { all: unset; box-sizing: border-box; } .a-stats strong { font-weight: 600; } .a-stats a.a-stats__link, .a-stats a.a-stats__link:visited, .a-stats a.a-stats__link:active { background: var(--akismet-color-mid-green); border: none; box-shadow: none; border-radius: 8px; color: var(--akismet-color-white); cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', 'Roboto', 'Oxygen-Sans', 'Ubuntu', 'Cantarell', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-weight: 500; padding: 12px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; } /* Extra specificity to deal with TwentyTwentyOne focus style */ .widget .a-stats a.a-stats__link:focus { background: var(--akismet-color-mid-green); color: var(--akismet-color-white); text-decoration: none; } .a-stats a.a-stats__link:hover { filter: brightness(110%); box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06), 0 0 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16); } .a-stats .count { color: var(--akismet-color-white); display: block; font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 1.4; padding: 0 13px; white-space: nowrap; }</style> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gktoday.in/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script data-optimized="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/litespeed/js/8e696c82fdb4e77bc12254279462720d.js?ver=2720d" id="jquery-migrate-js" defer data-deferred="1"></script> <script data-optimized="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/litespeed/js/935c8091124e69d1a8661a065e65da2c.js?ver=5da2c" id="rcfwc-js-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?explicit&hl=en_US" id="recaptcha-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script data-optimized="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/litespeed/js/1bab3746c481e43241ed45976ced408e.js?ver=d408e" id="jquery-blockui-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wc-add-to-cart-js-extra" src="data:text/javascript;base64,dmFyIHdjX2FkZF90b19jYXJ0X3BhcmFtcz17ImFqYXhfdXJsIjoiXC93cC1hZG1pblwvYWRtaW4tYWpheC5waHAiLCJ3Y19hamF4X3VybCI6IlwvP3djLWFqYXg9JSVlbmRwb2ludCUlIiwiaTE4bl92aWV3X2NhcnQiOiJWaWV3IGNhcnQiLCJjYXJ0X3VybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC93d3cuZ2t0b2RheS5pblwvY2FydFwvIiwiaXNfY2FydCI6IiIsImNhcnRfcmVkaXJlY3RfYWZ0ZXJfYWRkIjoibm8ifQ==" defer></script> <script data-optimized="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/litespeed/js/27266f04b93a517cdf8ad6c0d8b78821.js?ver=78821" id="wc-add-to-cart-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script data-optimized="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/litespeed/js/f7d41ae1fd2f21f544b0d1bf8ec98df0.js?ver=98df0" id="js-cookie-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="woocommerce-js-extra" src="data:text/javascript;base64,dmFyIHdvb2NvbW1lcmNlX3BhcmFtcz17ImFqYXhfdXJsIjoiXC93cC1hZG1pblwvYWRtaW4tYWpheC5waHAiLCJ3Y19hamF4X3VybCI6IlwvP3djLWFqYXg9JSVlbmRwb2ludCUlIn0=" defer></script> <script data-optimized="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/litespeed/js/76f50ac02662466734acee7d0904341c.js?ver=4341c" id="woocommerce-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp_basic_quiz_takequiz-js-extra" src="data:text/javascript;base64,dmFyIHdwX2Jhc2ljX3F1aXo9eyJhZG1pbl9hamF4IjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5na3RvZGF5LmluXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC9wbHVnaW5zXC93cC1xdWl6LWJhc2ljXC9hamF4X3JlcXVlc3RzLnBocCIsInF1aXpfc3VibWl0X2FjdGlvbiI6InByb2Nlc3NfYWpheF9xdWl6X3N1Ym1pc3Npb24ifQ==" defer></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/plugins/wp-quiz-basic/js/wp_basic_quiz.js" id="wp_basic_quiz_takequiz-js" defer data-deferred="1"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://stats.wp.com/s-202510.js" id="woocommerce-analytics-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.gktoday.in/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://www.gktoday.in/wp-json/wp/v2/upsc_question_category/143226" /><style>.paytm_response{padding:15px; margin-bottom: 20px; border: 1px solid transparent; border-radius: 4px; text-align: center;} .paytm_response.error-box{color: #a94442; background-color: #f2dede; border-color: #ebccd1;} .paytm_response.success-box{color: #155724; background-color: #d4edda; border-color: #c3e6cb;}</style><style>img#wpstats{display:none}</style> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.7/MathJax.js?config=TeX-MML-AM_CHTML"></script> <noscript><style>.woocommerce-product-gallery{ opacity: 1 !important; }</style></noscript><style class='wp-fonts-local' type='text/css'>@font-face{font-family:Inter;font-style:normal;font-weight:300 900;font-display:fallback;src:url('https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/fonts/Inter-VariableFont_slnt,wght.woff2') format('woff2');font-stretch:normal;} @font-face{font-family:Cardo;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url('https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/fonts/cardo_normal_400.woff2') format('woff2');}</style><link rel="icon" href="https://i0.wp.com/www.gktoday.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/logopeg.jpg?fit=32%2C32&ssl=1" sizes="32x32" /><link rel="icon" href="https://i0.wp.com/www.gktoday.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/logopeg.jpg?fit=192%2C192&ssl=1" sizes="192x192" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://i0.wp.com/www.gktoday.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/logopeg.jpg?fit=180%2C180&ssl=1" /><meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://i0.wp.com/www.gktoday.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/logopeg.jpg?fit=270%2C270&ssl=1" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="//platform-api.sharethis.com/js/sharethis.js#property=5ab23421b33883001365509f&product=inline-share-buttons" defer data-deferred="1"></script> <script data-optimized="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/litespeed/js/4e20740d7549a3872aa67f54636e544b.js?ver=e544b" defer data-deferred="1"></script> <script data-optimized="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/litespeed/js/6ec4fc7ca66e1d7154784b88c13de00c.js?ver=de00c" defer data-deferred="1"></script> <style>.list-home ul { list-style: none; padding: 0; line-height: 35px; } .list-home > li { display: inline; } .list-home > li:not(:last-child)::after { content: " •"; } .list-home > li:not(:last-child)::before { content: " "; }</style> <script src="https://fundingchoicesmessages.google.com/i/pub-5276580860677940?ers=1" nonce="v5tA_uHize00ZC1GuWh35A" defer data-deferred="1"></script><script nonce="v5tA_uHize00ZC1GuWh35A" src="data:text/javascript;base64,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" defer></script> </head><body><div class="site-wrap newnav"><div class="header-wrap"><header class="site-header" style="padding: 0 10px 1px 10px;"><div class="row" style="padding: 5px 0px 8px 0px;"><div class="newnav_header_top"><div class="mobile_menu_btn"> <button class="mm_menu_btn" id="menu-toggler">☰</button></div><div class="site-logo left new_nav"> <a href="https://www.gktoday.in"><img src="https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/themes/groovy/images/logo.png" width="200"></a></div><div class="mobile_yt_link"> <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.gktoday.academy" target="_blank"> <img src="https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/themes/groovy/images/new-icon.png"> </a></div></div><div class="header-right" style="color:blue;">Hello Guest ! <a href="https://www.gktoday.in/my-account/">Register or Login </a>  |  <a href="https://www.gktoday.in/cart/"><img src="https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/cart.jpg"><span class="woocommerce-Price-amount amount"><bdi><span class="woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol">₹</span>0.00</bdi></span></a></div></div></header><div class="menu-overlay"></div><div class="scrollmenu"> <a href="https://www.gktoday.in/">Home</a> <a href="https://www.gktoday.in/current-affairs/">Current Affairs</a> <a href="https://www.gktoday.in/gk-current-affairs-quiz-questions-answers/">Current Affairs Quiz</a> <a href="https://www.gktoday.in/gk-questions/">SSC GK</a> <a href="https://www.gktoday.in/banking-awareness/">Banking GK</a> <a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/">UPSC GS</a> <a href="https://www.gktoday.in/ebooks/">E-Books</a> <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.gktoday.academy" target=_blank">Download App</a> <a href="https://gktbooks.com" target=_blank">Printed Books</a></div></div><div class="main-content"><div class="row" style="padding-top:6px;"><div class="left_middle_content"><div style="margin-top:15px;margin-bottom:10px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-5276580860677940" data-ad-slot="1350486881" data-ad-format="horizontal"></ins> <script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});</script> </div><div class="inside_post column content_width"><h1 id="section""> Page-2 of <span style="text-transform:capitalize;"> GS-I: Modern World History</span></h1><div class="posts-listing"><div class="sharethis-inline-share-buttons"></div><h1 id="list"><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc-questions/nuclear-arms-race-during-the-cold-war-period-had-a/">“Nuclear arms race during the Cold War period had a paradoxical role in both escalating and preventing direct conflict.” Critically analyse this statement in the light of historical facts.</a></h1><div class="postmeta-primary"> <span class="meta_date"> September 14, 2023</span></div><p>The nuclear arms race during the Cold War exemplified the concept of deterrence through mutually assured destruction (MAD), which paradoxically prevented direct large-scale conflict between the superpowers while escalating global tensions and arms development. Escalation of Arms Development: The USA ..</p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><h1 id="list"><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc-questions/how-far-can-it-can-be-said-that-the-usa-followed-a/">How far can it can be said that the USA followed a policy of strict isolation in foreign affairs during the 1920s and early 1930s, and what effects did this policy have on international relations?</a></h1><div class="postmeta-primary"> <span class="meta_date"> September 13, 2023</span></div><p>After the First World War, USA seemed to play an important role in international affairs as President Woodrow Wilson’s dream of forming League of Nations to maintain peace in world. However, the ideas of Peace settlement and League of Nations ..</p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><h1 id="list"><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc-questions/explain-the-meaning-of-ancien-regime-and-seigneuri/">Explain the meaning of Ancien Regime and seigneurial system in context with pre-revolution France? What happened to them when revolution broke out in France?</a></h1><div class="postmeta-primary"> <span class="meta_date"> September 13, 2023</span></div><p>The term Ancien Regime describes the structure, politics, and powers of French society before the French Revolution. Society was split into a hierarchy of social classes with the king at the top, followed by the First Estate of the Catholic ..</p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><h1 id="list"><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc-questions/what-was-indias-role-in-the-two-world-wars-why-was/">What was India’s role in the two World Wars? Why was India involved?</a></h1><div class="postmeta-primary"> <span class="meta_date"> September 8, 2023</span></div><p>Two historical events that permanently changed the course of history were the First and Second World Wars. Although Indian soldiers made a significant contribution to the war, their work is not well acknowledged in India. Background of world wars: The ..</p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><h1 id="list"><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc-questions/the-cold-war-was-a-clash-of-economic-systems-as-mu/">“The Cold War was a clash of economic systems as much as it was a clash of superpowers.” Evaluate how economic considerations shaped the strategies of the USA and USSR.</a></h1><div class="postmeta-primary"> <span class="meta_date"> September 8, 2023</span></div><p>The Cold War, often viewed as a geopolitical standoff between the USA and the USSR, was also fundamentally a contest between contrasting economic ideologies: capitalism and communism. This ideological divergence not only underpinned the political and military strategies of both ..</p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><h1 id="list"><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc-questions/the-treaty-of-versailles-laid-the-groundwork-for-w/">“The Treaty of Versailles laid the groundwork for World War II.” Critically discuss the provisions of the Treaty and their implications for international peace and security.</a></h1><div class="postmeta-primary"> <span class="meta_date"> September 5, 2023</span></div><p>The Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919, aimed to establish lasting peace following World War I but inadvertently sowed the seeds for future conflict. The treaty’s harsh terms and punitive measures against Germany created deep resentment and economic hardship, destabilizing ..</p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><h1 id="list"><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc-questions/the-rise-of-nationalism-in-the-20th-century-led-to/">“The rise of nationalism in the 20th century led to both liberation and oppression.” Evaluate this statement with examples from different regions of the world.</a></h1><div class="postmeta-primary"> <span class="meta_date"> September 3, 2023</span></div><p>The rise of nationalism in the 20th century played a dual role, acting as both a force for liberation and a cause of oppression, impacting various regions around the world in profound ways. Liberation Movements: Nationalism was a driving force ..</p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><h1 id="list"><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc-questions/the-creation-of-the-united-nations-marked-a-signif/">“The creation of the United Nations marked a significant evolution in international diplomacy.” Assess the role of the UN in conflict resolution and peacekeeping post-World War II.</a></h1><div class="postmeta-primary"> <span class="meta_date"> September 2, 2023</span></div><p>The establishment of the United Nations (UN) in 1945 was a landmark event in the evolution of international diplomacy, aiming to foster international cooperation and prevent future conflicts. The UN has played a central role in conflict resolution and peacekeeping ..</p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p></div><div style="clear:both;"></div><div class='wp-pagenavi' role='navigation'> <a class="previouspostslink" rel="prev" aria-label="Previous Page" href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-i-modern-world-history/">«</a><a class="page smaller" title="Page 1" href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-i-modern-world-history/">1</a><span aria-current='page' class='current'>2</span><a class="page larger" title="Page 3" href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-i-modern-world-history/page/3/">3</a><span class='extend'>...</span><a class="larger page" title="Page 10" href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-i-modern-world-history/page/10/">10</a><a class="larger page" title="Page 20" href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-i-modern-world-history/page/20/">20</a><span class='extend'>...</span><a class="nextpostslink" rel="next" aria-label="Next Page" href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-i-modern-world-history/page/3/">»</a><a class="last" aria-label="Last Page" href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-i-modern-world-history/page/22/">50</a></div><div style="clear:both;"></div><div style="margin-top:15px;margin-bottom:10px;"> <script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-5276580860677940" data-ad-slot="9019539285" data-ad-format="auto" data-full-width-responsive="true"></ins> <script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});</script> </div><div style="clear:both;"></div></div><aside class="sidebar column left_sidebar last"><div class="widget widget_archive"><h3 class="widget-title">Current Affairs Section</h3><ul class="sidebar"><h5 id="widget-subtitle">Daily MCQs</h5><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/gk-current-affairs-quiz-questions-answers/">📝 Daily Current Affairs Quiz</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/section/current-affairs-quiz-upsc/">📝 Daily Current Affairs Quiz [UPSC]</a></li><h5 id="widget-subtitle">Monthly MCQs</h5><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/current-affairs-quiz-february-2025">Current Affairs Quiz – February 2025</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/current-affairs-quiz-january-2025">Current Affairs Quiz – January, 2025</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/current-affairs-quiz-december-2024">Current Affairs Quiz – December, 2024 </a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/current-affairs-quiz-november-2024">Current Affairs Quiz – November, 2024 </a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/current-affairs-quiz-october-2024">Current Affairs Quiz – October, 2024</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/current-affairs-quiz-september-2024">Current Affairs Quiz – September, 2024</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/current-affairs-monthly-quiz-archive/">📁 Previous Months Quiz - 2017 - 2024</a></li><h5 id="widget-subtitle">Topic Wise CA MCQs</h5><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/india-government-politics-current-affairs">🌍 India Current Affairs MCQs</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/government-schemes-current-affairs">🏛 Government Schemes MCQs</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/business-economy-banking-current-affairs">💼 Business, Economy & Banking MCQs</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/defence-current-affairs">🚀 Defence MCQs</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/reports-and-indices-current-affairs">📈 Reports and Indices MCQs</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/environment-biodiversity-current-affairs">🌿 Environment & Biodiversity MCQs</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/awards-honours-persons-in-news-current-affairs">🏆 Awards, Honours & Persons MCQs</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/places-in-news-current-affairs">📍 Places in News MCQs</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/important-days-and-events-current-affairs">🎉 Important Days and Events MCQs</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/sports-current-affairs">🏀 Sports Current Affairs MCQs</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/science-technology-current-affairs">🔬 Science & Technology MCQs</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/summits-and-conferences-in-current-affairs">🎤 Summits and Conferences in MCQs</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/international-current-affairs">🌐 International MCQs</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/art-culture-current-affairs">🖼 Art & Culture MCQs</a></li><h5 id="widget-subtitle">Current Affairs Articles</h5><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/current-affairs/">🗞 Current Affairs Today</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/current-affairs/month/current-affairs-march-2025/">📋 Current Affairs - March, 2025</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/current-affairs/month/current-affairs-february-2025/">📋 Current Affairs - February, 2025</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/current-affairs/month/">📁 Previous Months Articles</a></li><h5 id="widget-subtitle">CA MCQs in Other Languages</h5><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/hindi-current-affairs"> 📝 हिन्दी करेंट अफेयर्स</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/kannada-current-affairs/">📝 ಪ್ರಚಲಿತ ವಿದ್ಯಮಾನಗಳು </a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/marathi-current-affairs">📝 मराठी चालू घडामोडी</a></li></ul></div><div class="widget widget_archive"><h3 class="widget-title">GK MCQs Section</h3><ul class="sidebar"><h5 id="widget-subtitle">SSC/RRB/States Level MCQs</h5><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/ancient-indian-history-multiple-choice-questions">📜 Ancient Indian History</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/medieval-indian-history">🗡️ Medieval Indian History</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/modern-indian-history-freedom-struggle">🏛️ Modern Indian History</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/indian-geography-mcqs">🗺️ Indian Geography</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/world-geography">🌏 World Geography</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/indian-polity-constitution-mcqs">⚖️ Indian Polity & Constitution</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/environment-ecology-biodiversity-mcqs">🐾 Environment & Biodiversity</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/indian-culture-general-studies-mcqs">🕉️ Indian Art & Culture</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/sports-gk">🏆 Sports GK</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/indian-economy-mcqs">💰 Indian Economy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/general-science-for-competitive-examinations">🔬 General Science</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/general-science-biology-mcqs">🧬 General Science - Biology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/general-science-physics-mcqs">💡 General Science - Physics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/general-science-chemistry">🧪 General Science - Chemistry</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/world-history-quiz-questions">🗿 World History</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/books-and-authors-gk-questions">✍️ Books & Authors</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/gk-questions/">🔍 All GK Questions Categories</a></li></ul></div></aside></div><aside class="sidebar column fourcol_sidebar last"> <script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-5276580860677940" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:300px;height:250px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-5276580860677940" data-ad-slot="3256905532"></ins> <script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});</script> <div class="widget widget_archive"><h3 class="widget-title">PDF Ebooks Store</h3><ul class="sidebar"><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/module-category/daily-current-affairs-quiz-pdf-compilations/"><i class="fa fa-file-pdf-o" style="color:red;" aria-hidden="true"></i> Current Affairs Monthly 240 MCQs</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/module-category/current-affairs-e-books/"><i class="fa fa-file-pdf-o" style="color:red;" aria-hidden="true"></i> CA Articles+MCQs [Fortnightly PDF]</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/module-category/gktoday-monthly-current-affairs-pdf-articles/"><i class="fa fa-file-pdf-o" style="color:red;" aria-hidden="true"></i> CA Articles [Monthly Datewise PDF]</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/module-category/monthly-current-affairs-articles-pdf-category-wise/"><i class="fa fa-file-pdf-o" style="color:red;" aria-hidden="true"></i> CA Articles [Monthly Topic Wise PDF]</a></a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/module-category/current-affairs-subject-wise-compilations/"><i class="fa fa-file-pdf-o" style="color:red;" aria-hidden="true"></i> CA Articles [Yearly PDF]</a></li></ul></div><div class="widget widget_archive"><h3 class="widget-title">UPSC Exams</h3><ul class="sidebar"><h5 id="widget-subtitle">UPSC Prelims Exams</h5><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/">✅ UPSC Prelims 100 Mocks</a></li><h5 id="widget-subtitle">UPSC Mains Questions & Answers</h5><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-i-indian-culture/">🛕 GS-I: Indian Culture</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-i-modern-indian-history/">👑 GS-I: Modern Indian History</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-i-modern-world-history/">✈️ GS-I: Modern World History</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-i-indian-society/">👫 GS-I: Indian Society</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-i-world-geography/">🏔️ GS-I: World & Physical Geography</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-ii-constitution-of-india-polity/">🧑‍⚖️ GS-II: Indian Constitution & Polity</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-ii-social-justice/">🏠 GS-II: Social Justice</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-ii-governance/">🏢 GS-II: Governance</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-ii-international-relations/">🌐 GS-II: International Relations</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-iii-economy-economic-development/">💹 GS-III: Economic Development</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-iii-science-technology/">📡 GS-III: Science & Technology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-iii-environment-disaster-management/">🌱 GS-III: Environment & DM</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-iii-internal-external-security/">🪖 GS-III: Internal & External Security</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-iv-ethics-integrity-and-aptitude/">🎭 GS-IV: Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude</a></li></ul></div><div class="widget widget_archive" style="margin-bottom:50px;"><h3 class="widget-title">Banking Exams</h3><ul class="sidebar"><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/banking-awareness/">Banking Awareness</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/computer-awareness-for-ibps-banking-examinations">Computer Awareness</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/content/marketing-aptitude-for-bank-examinations/">Marketing Aptitude</a></li></ul></div> <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.gktoday.academy"><img src="https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/15-1-300x200.png"></a></aside></div></div><div class="footer"> <script src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-JV3PXCKQ3W" defer data-deferred="1"></script> <script src="data:text/javascript;base64,d2luZG93LmRhdGFMYXllcj13aW5kb3cuZGF0YUxheWVyfHxbXTtmdW5jdGlvbiBndGFnKCl7ZGF0YUxheWVyLnB1c2goYXJndW1lbnRzKX0KZ3RhZygnanMnLG5ldyBEYXRlKCkpO2d0YWcoJ2NvbmZpZycsJ0ctSlYzUFhDS1EzVycp" defer></script> <div class="copyright"><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/about-us/">About Us | </a><a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.gktoday.academy">GKToday Mobile App</a> | <a href="https://www.gktoday.in/terms-conditions/"> Terms & Conditions</a> | <a href="https://www.gktoday.in/contact-us/">Contact Us</a> | <a href="https://www.gktoday.in/privacy-policy/"> Privacy Policy</a>  | <a href="https://www.gktoday.in/cancellation-and-refund-policy/"> Shipping, Cancellation & Refund Policy</a>  | <a href="https://www.gktoday.in/work-for-gktoday/">Work4GKToday</a><div class="credits">© 2025 GKToday | All Rights Reserved</div></div></div></div><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='wc-blocks-style-css' href='https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/litespeed/css/b7ace638ed02a7f8c113c93076d4257a.css?ver=4257a' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://stats.wp.com/e-202510.js" id="jetpack-stats-js" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-stats-js-after">/* */ _stq = window._stq || []; _stq.push([ "view", JSON.parse("{\"v\":\"ext\",\"blog\":\"22999961\",\"post\":\"0\",\"tz\":\"5.5\",\"srv\":\"www.gktoday.in\",\"j\":\"1:14.3\"}") ]); _stq.push([ "clickTrackerInit", "22999961", "0" ]); /* */</script> </body></html>