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GS-I: Modern World History - GKToday
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After the Third Estate broke off from the Estates General and formed the National ..</p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><h1 id="list"><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc-questions/what-is-the-century-of-humiliation-often-referred/">What is the ‘Century of Humiliation’, often referred to in discussions about China? How has it shaped the foreign policy of China and its outlook towards the world?</a></h1><div class="postmeta-primary"> <span class="meta_date"> September 26, 2023</span></div><p>The ‘century of humiliation’ is the period referring to the century between the first opium war in 1839 to the victory of the Chinese communist party in 1949. This was the period when the Chinese suffered defeats at the hands ..</p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><h1 id="list"><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc-questions/the-napoleonic-empire-was-doomed-because-of-its-in/">The Napoleonic Empire was doomed because of its inherent and self-defeating contradictions. Elucidate.</a></h1><div class="postmeta-primary"> <span class="meta_date"> September 25, 2023</span></div><p>Napoleon’s own personality proved to be the greatest danger to the future of his empire. He had once said that he loves power as a musician loves his violin. This craze for power raised him to greatest heights but same ..</p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><h1 id="list"><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc-questions/the-american-economic-recovery-act-also-known-as-m/">The American economic recovery act, also known as Marshall Plan, helped in the recovery of European states aftermath of WW2, but it is also blamed for dividing Europe into east and west block. Discuss.</a></h1><div class="postmeta-primary"> <span class="meta_date"> September 24, 2023</span></div><p>The European economy was totally devastated by the time world war 2 ended. However, differences arose between US and USSR during the Yalta Conference, also known as the Crimea Conference, which was the meeting of the heads of government of ..</p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><h1 id="list"><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc-questions/decolonization-was-not-an-instantaneous-process-bu/">“Decolonization was not an instantaneous process but a complex series of events.” Examine the varying paths to independence taken by colonial countries post-World War II.</a></h1><div class="postmeta-primary"> <span class="meta_date"> September 21, 2023</span></div><p>Decolonization after World War II involved a diverse array of pathways to independence for colonized nations, shaped by a combination of international pressures, nationalist movements, and colonial policies. This complex process often involved protracted negotiations, violent struggles, and significant international ..</p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><h1 id="list"><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc-questions/despite-the-fact-that-the-israel-palestine-conflic/">Despite the fact that the Israel-Palestine conflict is rooted in history, it has been shaped in its modern form in the 20th century. Explain.</a></h1><div class="postmeta-primary"> <span class="meta_date"> September 20, 2023</span></div><p>Israel-Palestine conflict refers to the territorial dispute between Israeli Jews and Palestinian Arabs for settlement and human rights. History and evolution: Arab Muslims and Jews claiming birthright to the Israeli territory. Presence of holy religious sites of both diligence. E.g. ..</p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><h1 id="list"><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc-questions/neo-colonialism-is-a-continuation-of-colonialism-u/">“Neo-colonialism is a continuation of colonialism under the guise of economic assistance.” Critically analyse how developed nations continue to exert influence over developing countries through economic policies.</a></h1><div class="postmeta-primary"> <span class="meta_date"> September 20, 2023</span></div><p>The concept of neo-colonialism describes how developed nations exert influence over developing countries, not through direct political control, but via economic, social, and cultural pressures. This influence often perpetuates the dependency of former colonies, undermining their political autonomy and economic ..</p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><h1 id="list"><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc-questions/napoleon-was-the-child-of-the-revolution-but-in-ma/">Napoleon was the child of the revolution, but in many ways he reversed the aims and principles of the movement from which he sprang. Comment.</a></h1><div class="postmeta-primary"> <span class="meta_date"> September 17, 2023</span></div><p>Napoleon was the child of the Revolution, but in many ways he reversed the aims and principles of the movement from which he sprang. This was particularly true of the Napoleonic codes. 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